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Nobel Laureate: 'I've Been Wrong So Often, I Don't Find It Extraordinary At All' : Planet Money "I'm 101 at the moment," Ronald Coase told me. "I get older by the minute."
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Nobel Laureate: 'I've Been Wrong So Often, I Don't Find It Extraordinary At All'
May 8, 20121:30 PM ET
David Kestenbaum
"I'm 101 at the moment," Ronald Coase said. University of Chicago hide caption
I recently had a brief conversation with Ronald Coase.
"I'm 101 at the moment," he told me. "I get older by the minute."
Coase is a legend in economics. He won the Nobel prize. He has a theorem named after him. But China's rapid emergence as a global economic power — one of the most important developments of the past generation — took him completely by surprise.
"I thought it would take 100 years, if not more," Coase said.
It seemed striking that an economic legend could be so wrong about such an important subject. I asked Coase what he made of this.
"I've been wrong so often I don't find it extraordinary at all," he said.
Coase just co-wrote a new book. It's called "How China Became Capitalist."


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I love the holidays because then I can really have some fun with Peyton's lunches. All month long I have been using Halloween-themed cookie cutters to make her sandwiches a little more festive. I have even found some fun, fall candies to sneak into her lunch too! Today, Peyton is having a ghostly peanut butter and jelly sandwich. I just cannot get Peyton off the peanut butter and jelly kick that she's been on for months. While we were grocery shopping yesterday I picked up some blackberries and raspberries.I figure we won't be seeing those in the stores much longer so I wanted to include them in her lunch one last time.
Peyton picked out some yogurt while we were grocery shopping. I was kind of surprised to see she wanted peach yogurt. She also wanted some cheese for her lunches. And I decided to pick up some of the fall harvest crispy M&Ms as a little treat for her lunch.
I know this lunch will be a hit with Peyton because she helped pick out the items. Kids love to be included when making decisions. Peyton loves to be included when it comes to picking out items that will be in her lunch but she doesn't want to be included when it comes time to make her lunch. She likes to be surprised with what is in her lunch box.
Overall I think Peyton has a balanced and healthy lunch. She has protein, dairy, fresh fruit and a little treat.
If you are thinking about making your child's lunches I have several lunch box ideas posted to help get you started. I even include links to the items I use to help make the boxes so you can find them easier.


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April 12th, 2016 / 8:50 a.m.
Moving on to the group from Quebec, you've mentioned the challenges facing quality local news. I imagine you're talking about quality English local news in Quebec.
Could you expand on that and give me a little more detail on what exactly the problem is?
In the first place, with the cutbacks to the staff in Quebec City, the staff cuts represent basically no reporting in English on legislation in Quebec at the municipal and provincial levels. Also, the reporters who did local reporting no longer work in the regions. They are very few and far between. What we are seeing is the almost complete disappearance of any kind of professional, reflective journalistic considerations shared with the English-speaking public, particularly in the regions, but it's true right across the province.
So you represent the English-speaking minority of Quebec?
We speak on behalf of the needs of the English-speaking minority of Quebec, yes.
Mr. Vandal, finish your question. The time is up.
I would imagine that most of the English speakers are in urban centres, not the rural areas.
Some 80% plus are in Montreal, but there are 210,000 living in the rural areas, spread out across the entire province.
Now we'll go to Mr. Waugh, for the Conservatives.
For quite a bit of time last night, I was on the website of the Quebec Community Groups Network. Maybe you can just talk about your organization.
More than anything, you send out emails. I see here all of the groups you represent. It's a big umbrella, but it's more about the emails that you send from your organization. You have a lot of educators in your organization. I know that you've talked extensively about CJAD radio, the Montreal Gazette, CBC, and so on, but maybe you can just talk about your organization and the emails you send out for information for the English.
The organization is an umbrella organization that, at this point, brings together 48 different groups. By and large, the groups provide services directly to the population. Many of them are local. Many of them are also regional in scope. The kinds of activities they cover range from the arts to health and social services and to education, so there is a wide swath of expertise and a wide swath of information that is covered.
The mechanisms that are in place include the use of the Internet services, the use of the website, and the use of information accessible on the website of the QCGN. We have a daily news feature that regroups all the activities that impact English-speaking Quebec in terms of news locally as well as nationally. Weekly news is sent to the member organizations and brings them up to date on issues, particularly those that perhaps affect policy considerations. There is an annual general meeting to which the community is invited. We organize different activities to encourage the participation of different groups and individuals from around the province. The email is an important aspect of our communication tools, but it's one of many.
The QCGN is also actively involved in expanding the number of its member organizations. If I'm not mistaken, we currently are awaiting something like 18 new organizations to join our community. Basically, the QCGN is becoming a voice for the English-speaking community. It works on collecting the evidence of what is happening and what the issues are. It has a standing mechanism of identifying the kinds of activities that take place within the framework of a set of priorities that were identified by the community some five years ago. It surveys the community on an annual basis, and it reports on the kinds of activities under each of the six priority areas that have been established.
I only have seven minutes here, so we're going to tighten this up.
You're a not-for-profit, so how do you guys get your funding? Also, how much funding do you get from Canadian Heritage?
I'm not sure what the exact number is, but we get less than a million dollars from Canadian Heritage in core funding, and then there is project funding that the organization is involved in with the member organizations.
Talk about your "evidence-based expertise". What's that all about?
We have a director of policy. We engage friends from the community who are academics, who are experts in their field, who do work for us, and support us in the work we do. We ensure that we have people engaged in looking at all of the reports that are developed by Statistics Canada, for example, and other agencies. We are in contact with the federal agencies that are engaged in providing services to the minority language communities across Canada. We ensure that the kind of information we have is objective, well-founded, and validated before we put forward any sorts of recommendations and policy statements.
I'm going to move now to Mr. Miller and Mr. Morrison.
We all know the small markets in this country. There are 33 of them and 23.... We'd talked about them.
There's just one thing I would point out. When Bell Media talked to the CRTC, they estimated their local TV stations lost $12 million last year, I would refute that. When you bundle stations now, you know that CBC, Global, and CTV stations have to be included in that $25 bundle. While Bell can say all local stations lost $12 million, as a total of CTV, I would say that when you do buy the bundle, you also get their TV stations from coast to coast to coast.
We are about one month into that skinny basic, and the best estimates I've seen, Mr. Waugh, are that about 4% of Canadians will go for it. I think that whether or not Bell is making or losing $12 million on something—and Peter can give you some decimal points—my overview would be to say, please keep your eye on those small markets. I know you're familiar with the situation in Lloydminster, for example. Think of Lloydminster, think of Thunder Bay, and think of the stations that are not affiliated with the large integrated companies as the priorities.
Well, you challenged the CRTC, if you don't mind, Mr. Miller, that there's not enough money in the system to adequately finance local TV right now.
Can I go back to your previous question, just to be clear?
You have about two minutes to do so, Mr. Miller.
The stations in that bundle, the Global and the Bell, don't get any of that $25.
That's right. I know that.
In terms of whether there's money in the system, what we looked at are projections for the profitability of local TV. We looked at what we call the "revenue gap", or in other words, what kind of gap we have in the system for conventional television. We compared that to the money the CRTC was looking at reallocating to local TV. We predict that within four or five years, there won't be enough money.
What the CRTC does, in our view, would be a short-term solution to a bigger problem, which is why I think Mr. Morrison is recommending that you look at things like advertising and tax deductibility, because there isn't going to be enough money in the system to solve the problem.
Now we go to Mr. Nantel for the NDP.
I thank the witnesses who are here this morning. You are all very competent and very well prepared.
Everyone here is very interested in this issue, in light of the technological changes and the threats to our cultural diversity and our sources of information. We are all very grateful to be here.
Let me say how happy I am to see how rigorous the Friends of Canadian Broadcasting are. I hope I am going to have time to speak to you, so I will hurry up.
My comments are addressed to the gentlemen from Quebec Community Groups Network and Qu'anglo.
I think that anglophones have never before contributed so much to cultural life in Quebec. A healthy complicity has sprung up. The professionalization of the Quebec star system has opened the doors to anglophone artists. I went on the gogaspe.com website. It is very inspiring for everyone and for community media, be it the written press, radio or others, who are perhaps less used to this very community-based approach.
You said that we should update the funding of various programs and ensure that the Internet aspect is considered like the others. Would this have an impact on the majority of your members? I think it would, because the anglophone minority is in Montreal and Quebec. These are markets that have broad Internet access.
To go back to Friends of Canadian Broadcasting, Mr. Morrison and Mr. Miller, thank you so much. Thank you for that huge report that brought so much light to the situation. The reality is that hearing you speak, I realized that we really should have Mr. Blais from the CRTC back here, because we have huge issues. I think his choices, his way of seeing things, have been quite drastic.
It leads me to ask you a very specific question. I remember having the CRTC, industry representatives, and the Canadian Heritage people here.
Do you not think that the CRTC is a bit too much involved in the rights of consumers? Under the law, its mandate is to oversee telecommunications and ensure a diversity of voices; it is not consumer advocacy.
If you look at the Broadcasting Act digitally and search for the word "consumer", you will find it towards the end, around some of the powers of the CBC to sell goods and services to consumers. That's the only reference in the Broadcasting Act.
The former government, in the throne speech of 2013, did instruct the CRTC to unbundle. Mr. Blais got it right. He did what he was told. He forgot the last four words that came out of the Governor General's mouth: while preserving Canadian jobs.
Mr. Nantel, you have 15 seconds.
I can add something: sales tax on Netflix.
Let me ask you something that you brought up at the end of your report, regarding the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Let me ask you, if you could, to delve into that.
What would we have said, had we had 11—?
First of all, obviously it's very hard to get clarity on the impact of that agreement on the cultural sector. What it appears to do is preserve the existing measures, the ones that we have. The risk is that it precludes future measures.
For example, there's a school of thought that says exactly what Mr. Morrison described: sometimes a contribution from a Netflix would not be allowed under the TPP.
I'm not a trade lawyer and will not give you an opinion on that—that would be overreaching—but I think it's an important area for the committee. Given the government's commitment to look at the TPP and its implication. I think Justice needs to come out and say what its view is as to what the agreement is going to mean going forward.
Let me interrupt, then, just for the point of clarification.
Basically, would any interventions that this committee might recommend, depending on timing and ratification of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, be impossible?
We believe Mr. Grant, Mr. O'Regan.
The main point, however, is that you're not looking at two TPP experts here, but at two people who are saying to you, why don't you investigate that? You have access to the best brains in the Department of Justice, if you choose to ask them some questions. It's a worthwhile thing to look into.
Good morning, and thank you very much for the opportunity to appear before you on this important issue of media and local communities.
My name is Ann Mainville-Neeson, and I'm vice-president of broadcasting policy and regulatory affairs at Telus. With me is Frédéric April, who manages our French language community station called maCommunauté for Telus' Optik TV.
Telus is one of Canada's large telecommunications providers. We're well known for our commercials with the nice little animals, but we also provide an IPTV-based TV service called Optik TV. It's an alternative to the cable and satellite companies. Optik TV is available in Alberta, British Columbia, and Quebec. Unlike our competitors, who take an ownership stake in the content programming services and the networks that distribute these services, Telus does not own any programming services. We are not vertically integrated. Like most cable TV companies, we do operate a community television service, which is a public service that we offer in the areas in which we offer TV service.
Our approach to community programming is different from our competitors as well, though.
First, instead of operating a traditional community channel, the likes of which I'm sure you're familiar with here in Ottawa, Telus Optik Local programming breaks free from the scheduled channel and instead we offer our programming on demand. That allows us to offer convenience to our customers, but also to break free from the scheduling. We can offer programming in the length in which the programming requires. It could be a bite-sized bit of information, or it could be a longer-form documentary, or whatever the programming length is required for the content itself to be expressed.
Second, our community programming service is not only available on our Optik TV video-on-demand service, it's also available completely free online on our YouTube channel. We believe that it's important for our communities to be served with programming available, regardless of the television service provider that customers choose. We make our content available to everyone. We want the programming to be watched not just by our own customers, but by as many people as possible, including people living in the surrounding region, province, and indeed in the country and around the globe.
Most importantly, what truly distinguishes Telus' community programming is our heavy reliance on programming created by independent producers who reside in the local communities. Telus does not operate local studies for the creation of community programming. Instead Telus provides the voice to the communities served by Optik TV through funding for the local producers who can work at their creative arts in the communities in which they reside.
Telus' investment in Optik Local and maCommunauté, as well as its approach to production and availability of community programming, reflects the philanthropic philosophy and commitment to the communities we serve. Telus is proud to support sustainable communities and strong social outcomes. Providing a platform for community members to share stories and get informed on local issues is one of the ways that we give back to the communities.
Telus recently participated in the CRTC's review of the regulatory framework for local and community programming. One of the matters which was discussed, as Peter Miller has just informed the committee, was the determination of whether support was needed for the creation of local news by the television broadcasters. In that proceeding, Telus argued strenuously that the CRTC should not adopt a subsidy model for the production of traditional newscasts, and we did so for two reasons.
The first reason is that Telus is concerned that such a subsidy would be implemented at the expense of the diversity of voices that are provided by community television services. Telus submits that as an increasingly consolidated media communication sector, it is essentially important to prioritize information sources that are independent from the large media conglomerates.
The second reason for its position in the hearing is that we do not believe subsidizing traditional news models is sustainable. Nor do we believe that subsidies would constitute good public policy, given the changing technologies and consumer behaviours. For example, Statistics Canada reported a considerable decline in viewership on news on television, falling from 90% in 2003 to 78% in 2013. There is no doubt that the proliferation of media news information sources is at the root of this decline, but there's also the rise of social media and the increase of sharing on video platforms that does account for such a decline.
Telus knows from experience that optic local programming has the power to build an understanding and empathy between diverse community elements and inspire citizens to take action to better their communities. Many of the Optik Local stories are shared through social media, and they strike a chord, so to speak, in highlighting important societal issues not typically covered by mainstream media. The short, shareable programs of Optik Local therefore enhance the awareness of people, events, and issues in our communities.
Consider, for example, the social impact of the short documentary produced for Optik Local called Eastside Stories, which chronicles the spirit and struggles of the residents of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside. The program was viewed by tens of thousands of viewers, and shared by many of these viewers, and it had a strong impact on the understanding in that area. Indeed, the producer of that series indicated that many viewers have stated the content has changed their views on the homeless and opened their eyes to the gentrification issue of the Downtown Eastside and some of the grassroots initiatives popping up in the community.
Another example of the positive social impact of Optik Local programming is the short documentary about Staff Sergeant Baltej Dhillon, the first Sikh RCMP officer permitted to wear a turban as part of his uniform. Telus posted this program on its Facebook page, and it has reached over 33,000 viewers, many of whom also shared the story with their own networks and left positive comments on the site. This demonstrates these are important stories to tell, and we're encouraged to see that we can amplify their impact through social media.
We welcome the opportunities presented by new technologies and platforms that are enabling the creation and viewing of innovative forms of local programming. We embrace future opportunities as they emerge.
Here I'm really going to push the boundaries. In a recent TED talk, filmmaker Chris Milk spoke on creating the ultimate empathy machine by filming in virtual reality. Specifically, he described using virtual reality technology to shoot his film of a young girl living in a Syrian refugee camp in Jordan. This allowed viewers, or more accurately participants in this virtual reality experience to not only witness the experience of her onscreen, but essentially to climb through the screen and live the experience on the other side. What a powerful tool to truly engage viewers and create the empathy that is essential to positive action.
In conclusion, then, Telus believes it's essential for this committee to examine all the forms of local media, including those that are breaking away from traditional journalism formats as this can create the impetus for positive social change.
The point is there is no longer a better or best way to convey news and information. Telus hopes that the committee's study on media and local communities will embrace the development of non-traditional platforms and formats and distribution methods to better engage citizens, bring them together, and ignite positive social change in communities across Canada.
Thank you very much. That was well done in eight minutes.
I would like to move now to the questions for seven minutes. Again, I would like to remind both the people who are answering the questions and those who are asking the questions to be short and to try to get in as many things as you can in that seven minutes. Thank you.
Ms. Dabrusin, for the Liberal Party.
Thank you for that outline. It was really informative and helpful.
My first question, actually, is about something I've been reading recently about a Rogers program to provide subsidized Internet service to people in community housing in some provinces. I believe it's in three provinces right now that it is offered.
Does Telus have a similar type of program available for subsidizing low income people to receive Internet?
Telus certainly has looked at launching various programs, and we have offered numerous grants to communities. We have a system for philanthropic activities that we administer through community boards. Various boards across the country comprise both members of the community as well as Telus representatives, and we decide what grassroots charities within those communities will receive funding.
Millions of dollars have been given over the past I don't know how many years since we've been operating these community boards, and those go to the grassroots charities who can then determine how best to disburse that. It does at times include in-kind services.
I believe the CRTC is right now doing a Let's Talk broadband discussion that's looking at ensuring the availability of affordable Internet services to all Canadians. I expect you will be probably presenting that as well.
Do you have any comments that you can share with us right now about how to increase affordable broadband access across Canada?
I would hate to pre-empt my colleagues who will be speaking next week at the CRTC hearing. Certainly this is an important issue, and one that we believe is dealt with. It's an important social issue for all to have access to broadband.
We also need to keep in mind the tremendous investments that have been made through private investments already. Canadians have significant access to broadband as it is. But we do have some thoughts on providing special assistance to those in need.
You had talked about providing your content from Optik TV on YouTube. How is that monetized? Once you put it on YouTube, how do you develop any kind of money from that?
First off, our community programming service is not monetized. Instead, it is a public service that we offer to the communities we serve. It's part of our philanthropic efforts in all the various communities, and it's also part of the required contribution that all broadcast distributors must make into the Canadian broadcasting system.
Those funds, to create this content, which happens to be local content, are part of that contribution system. Instead of maintaining exclusivity over that content and using it to attract people to our own broadcasting distribution service, which is what other cable companies generally tend to do, we find that if we're going to use so-called public funds for the creation of this programming, it should be made available to all. This is why we make it available on platforms other than our Optik TV. It's not just our Optik TV subscribers who have access to this programming.
You've talked about Optik TV and it being available on social media networks. Do you provide funding to other forms of community media other than just TV?
Other ways of reaching people than through TV.
Right. Essentially all of our funding goes for Optik Local, a television platform. It is video-based, available on various other platforms, but it is a video service.
If you're asking if we contribute to print media, it's only through our other philanthropic efforts to the extent that there might have been some communities that have sought assistance.
You've mentioned your philanthropic activities quite a bit. Can you give me some examples?
In particular, when I asked my first question, you mentioned trying to increase availability to people who may not be able to afford Internet service. You mentioned some of your grants. Do you have any specific examples of the types of grants you've given?
Most of the grants go to the grassroots organizations in the community. They are determined from the ground up. They are determined by the communities themselves.
I can give you examples in Ottawa. I was a member of the Telus community board here. We received anything from applications for assisting in special needs schools to helping to create some projects for underserved youth in various areas. Some are completely unrelated to our telecommunications business. I don't want to mix the two. They could combine, but I don't want to necessarily mix the two. We do have other programs as well.
As part of that, have you analyzed what the need is?
Each community board certainly does extensive research. These community boards themselves are composed of some very prominent members of the community. Here in Ottawa we had the head of the United Way, for example, who obviously has a very keen understanding of what the need is in the community.
The need for Internet? Yes, absolutely. That is something we analyze. We will be presenting on those matters at the CRTC. I really don't want to pre-empt my colleagues.
I'm not trying to pre-empt your colleagues, but it's also a matter of what we're looking at here. We're talking about the fact that we've been hearing from many witnesses about a shift towards digital.
So it's not a matter of pre-empting. It also covers what we're looking at in terms of what we're recommending down the line.
Yes, absolutely. I would comment that in the recent CRTC broadcasting monitoring report, they did note that there is significant use of Internet. The usage by Canadians itself should also be a very clear indicator that there is availability of broadband. If Canadians are using it, obviously there's less of a problem than what we might otherwise consider.
Thank you very much, Ms. Dabrusin.
Now we'll go to Mr. Waugh for the Conservatives.
Thank you for your presentation. I'm just going to pick up on what Madam Dabrusin said in regard to who's controlling this. This is the big thing in media right now. You can say anything socially and hide. We have seen that on Twitter and on Facebook. We have seen it everywhere. Who regulates?
I know that you're just a carrier. You've said that you're really not a broadcaster other than Optik TV, so do you pay anyone with Optik TV to do a presentation? Who's regulating what you're putting on YouTube? Who's regulating what you're doing?
—to the extent that we don't own any licensed programming service.
In our community programming service, however, we do have people who manage that service. Frédéric April is here. He manages the Quebec maCommunauté side. We have others that manage the Optik local.
No. How many people do you have?
Across the country and in Quebec, Alberta and B.C.?
—who manage the actual service.
Through this 5% or whatever you...?
Okay. How much would that pool be?
Somewhere around $7 million last year.
You're a little different from Bell, I think, and from Rogers and certainly Shaw, because you're more of an Internet provider and now you're into this Optik TV. My question is, you just got into Quebec, as we've seen, so do you offer local news in both English and French in the province of Quebec?
I'd like to point out that in Quebec we offer our Optik TV service only in certain areas, not across the province. Those areas are mostly around Rimouski. There's not a lot of demand for English-language programming in those areas.
Yes, which we've just heard from your previous people.
Will you offer English, then? Being you are a carrier, it is your responsibility, I think, in front of this commission. You go to see the CRTC. I think it is your responsibility to serve the province of Quebec, since you've moved into Quebec, and that you serve it in both languages.
We certainly offer all of the programming services available in Quebec so that all of our subscribers have access to every single news service and other programming services in French and in English. We operate a full complement of all programming services: CTV, TVA, and all of the services. There's no doubt about that.
In our community programming service, however, in the city of Rimouski, for example, at this point all of the applications that have come to us for the creation of programming have been in French. Should we receive any applications for creating English-language programming, we would be more than happy to entertain that request.
But as a carrier isn't it your responsibility to reach out to the community? You've talked about your management level, which is fine. We've seen a lot of management levels in broadcasting in this country, but how about those on the ground? We've just heard from the Quebec people before you that there are no broadcasters coming up in the province of Quebec. What are you doing to help out that industry?
From our community programming service?
Yes, from your community. What are you doing to nourish the broadcasters of the business?
We do a significant amount of outreach to find the local producers that are in our communities. At this time, those producers do happen to be francophones, as I've said, given the regions we serve.
Once we move into larger metropolitan areas, that may very well change, and we do intend to serve our communities in the languages of the community. For example, in Vancouver we offer services in numerous languages, including French, English, and Mandarin. We do spend an awful lot of time in understanding who we are serving and in serving them to the best of our abilities. It just so happens that the region we serve happens to be very, very francophone.
Now, do you pay anybody locally? You mentioned that you have 20 managers across Canada, so you're into community TV. Do you pay anyone other than the producers to put something on YouTube or Optik TV?
Does anyone operate cameras for you? You have no studio, nothing...or what do you have?
Generally we pay the producers who have their own equipment.
Okay, so that's what you're using.
These are small producers who have their own equipment and generally have their staff. They hire their own actors. They hire their own producers and writers, depending on the programming that they create.
It's interesting. The CRTC was talking about high speed Internet yesterday, and they kind of backed away from that. What are your thoughts on that, because you're not reaching a lot of people, other than in Rimouski, Quebec, for an example?
What are our thoughts on high speed Internet?
Yes, on high speed Internet, because if you're playing stuff on YouTube and you're in rural Quebec, rural Alberta, rural B.C., you need high speed Internet to download a lot of this stuff.
We absolutely agree with that.
In fact, most recently we announced a $4.9 billion investment in Alberta, throughout the province, to increase our fibre optics in all of the communities. Announcements were out last year for Quebec, and previously in British Columbia. We're investing billions of dollars into the network that will provide the highest speeds possible.
So do we believe in high speed Internet? Absolutely. We also believe that private investment is the best way to achieve the highest connectivity for our country.
Now, Mr. Nantel, for the New Democratic Party.
Thank you for being here with us this morning.
Like all businesses that create networks, you are facing challenges. Indeed, trying to install fibre optics and being told by the CRTC that this will be open to competition as soon as the installation is complete makes things more difficult from the business perspective.
I want to thank you, because in my opinion you are among those companies that have walked the talk. You decided to invest in Quebec and to acquire QuebecTel. You created an impressive number of jobs. You cover all of the 411 service in North America. Indeed, if someone dials 411 in Chicago, the call goes through you.
I am not 100% sure, but I believe that is the case.
I think so. Some members of our staff who know the region well told me this.
Among wireless providers, you have always been seen as people who did not hesitate to stray from the beaten path. For instance, the way you facilitate access to your subscribers through Télé Optik is really innovative.
You answered my colleagues' questions well. You offer media space to producers, and you provide production budgets.
Ms. Dabrusin asked you about monetization. On the Internet, when you put things on YouTube, do you receive a part of the advertising revenues? I suppose you do, just as anyone would. Even if these are non-profit services, I imagine that a small part of the budget is nevertheless generated by publicity sales on YouTube.
In fact, we do not sell any advertising as such.
Since we do have a YouTube service, it may generate some small returns, but they are really small.
As I was saying earlier, you have invested a lot of money. You also talked about major investments in Quebec by 2020. We are talking about $2 billion dollars.
Is it realistic to think that you will make the same kind of investments in other markets in Canada?
We announced this for Quebec last year and we have just made an announcement for Alberta. We have already made announcements and we are going to continue to do so. We continue to invest, year after year, because we need more and more bandwidth. It has become and continues to be extremely important in the online services domain, whether we are talking about media, banking services, government services or any other service of that type. So we will continue to make the necessary investments to meet the demand.
I would like to know if you have become familiar with the community aspect, because the purpose of the study is to ensure that we will preserve two important elements. First the local dimension, local news, but also the dimension of language, spoken language, be it English or French. There is a vitality in the communities.
I come from Edmonton—everyone probably remembers that—where francophone communities are facing impossible challenges when it comes to the survival of their media.
Do you live in a community with this kind of issue? Do you live in Montreal, Rimouski or Toronto?
I would like to know if you live in one of those communities. Locally, I think that Telus has always had a very innovative vision. The fact that you do not produce content is refreshing, because it means you can have a neutral perspective on the situation. You are not trying to place your content.
At the same time, in the context of this study, we wonder if you would have some comments to make on the measures to be taken or recommendations to make to our committee on what it should do to ensure the survival of our local information and our local media.
In my opinion, the most important thing is to maintain the independence of the information, and several sources of information, so as to ensure that the information is not entirely controlled by the extremely concentrated media in Canada.
Whether we are talking about the written press or television or radio, there is enormous concentration. And so it is important to maintain independence through public broadcasters like Radio-Canada/CBC, but also through services like Optik Local.
Ultimately, it is important to have other sources of information besides vertically integrated media. It goes without saying that when there is a concentration of media, especially when there is a vertical integration where networks belong to the same people who own the media themselves, there is enormous control. It is very important that Canadians be given another source of information.
I may have a minute and a half left. Perhaps the gentleman will be able to answer my question.
Regarding peak viewing hours on your network, do you see a major congestion at 7:15, in the early evening, when everyone makes a beeline for the video on demand service?
No. We have no congestion problem. The service we offer meets the demand.
I didn't think you would say that you couldn't meet the demand. Everyone wants to say that the service never slows down when many people are using the system. However, do you see an increase? For instance, Pierre Dion from Québecor said that YouTube and Netflix generate 41% of the demand at 7:10 p.m. on Wednesday.
There is no doubt that we have prime time hours when we see an increase in the ratings. It is generally similar to what happens on other networks. I can speak for the maCommunauté channel, where I see a real increase during peak hours.
I thank the witnesses for their presence here today. We appreciate it greatly.
I am particularly interested in broadband Internet access in rural communities and areas. We are discussing access to local and community news. I am speaking on behalf of my community, but I am also probably speaking for several regions in Canada where access is not available currently. We are pleased about the investments you intend to make. As Mr. Nantel was saying, you will invest $2 billion dollars in Quebec. Perhaps you will be able to tell us in what sector that amount will be invested. Will it be in broadband services? That is my first question.
I have a second one. In the last budget, our government spoke about a $500-million investment in digital infrastructure to help communities access broadband Internet. How will this amount help you to better connect the population?
Your first question was about the investments we will make in Quebec. You asked whether they will go to broadband services. Yes, for the most part, probably. There are enormous needs in that area. The demand for more bandwidth is becoming increasingly intense. The more applications we have, the better, whether we are talking about media or other services. The investment will certainly be made in fibre optics and wireless particularly, so that we can obtain good bandwidth in all the areas we serve.
What was your second question?
It was about the half-a-billion-dollar investment the government announced in its last budget.
There is no doubt that that investment will help us greatly to continue to expand the network. The infrastructure in several communities clearly needs to be improved, and that investment is very welcome. It will bolster the private sector investment. However, in our opinion it still is not enough.
Of course there is also the whole issue of the cost of access to broadband Internet. It is a problem. The cost still remains quite high everywhere in Canada, in comparison with costs elsewhere.
We of course want to see the best possible prices for our citizens, but the investments you are planning will undoubtedly increase your expenses. However, it is possible to obtain government subsidies.
I would like to know what the impact of your projects may be on costs for the citizens.
One of the ways of offering different costs is to offer different packages. This is the case throughout the industry. There are packages for the biggest users and others for the smallest ones. Most people only need a certain number of services. And so we offer special services to those who use Netflix, which has an enormous effect on downloads. Other packages offer fewer services, which still give people access to news, and to YouTube services, but does not necessarily provide a 4K download capacity on Netflix.
I have one last question. In your presentation, you mentioned that you had some reservations regarding the subsidies the CRTC suggested for local news broadcasters. Could you tell us a bit more about that?
The CRTC is considering drawing upon a fund that supports community programming. This would be added to the amounts we spend ourselves to improve this programming. This money would be allocated to traditional local broadcasters.
First, you need to know that these broadcasters are vertically integrated for the most part, and so they own the networks and the media services. For instance, Bell Media, which belongs to CTV, and other conglomerates, have the means to invest in their own businesses and to put incentives in place so as to obtain subsidies for specific services, even though they already make enormous profits from their other services.
Secondly, we fear that such subsidies will have an adverse effect on the independence of the information produced by our own services, for instance Optik Local.
Thirdly, the subsidies that may be given to traditional television services and news services will not ultimately encourage change, even though some changes may be necessary. Continuing to proceed in the same way as in the past may not be beneficial for the future.
So we feel that granting subsidies is not necessarily the right path to follow at this time.
Thank you. We're going to the second round, which is a five-minute round.
We begin again with Mr. Maguire for the Conservatives.
The funds that have been made available previously, and now by the new government as well, for Internet expansion into rural communities and into more remote areas is probably best described.... I'll let you describe it, but my analogy would be that this helps you simply because you can reach more people in a faster way. Can you expand on that?
I'm sorry, I couldn't hear your question. I think I'd better put the earphones on.
I'm speaking about the expansion of the Internet throughout Canada. Basically it helps you folks because you can reach more people. Is that accurate that you can reach more folks with it?
Certainly it's reaching more people. It's also increasing the speed and the capacity in certain areas.
Yes, I think it's the speed that is the bigger one. You want people to not only be able to have access here, but to do business at a faster speed as well.
You mentioned that increasing affordable broadband accessibility was important and keeping private broadband investments in mind. Can you expand on how important that is? I know you've put a lot of money into Quebec, as well. You've mentioned the provinces out west that you're putting money into. Can you expand on other areas where you've done the same?
For broadband expansion, those are obviously areas where we offer consumer Internet. Otherwise we are a national wireless company, and we have made significant investments to increase the capacity of our wireless network for both telephony services and data services, which are increasing. Canadians are huge adopters of wireless data, and lots of investments have gone into our networks to improve the speed and capacity of our wireless networks across the country.
In your final comments, you mentioned the positive social change that could come from your recommendations. In regard to examining all forms of transmission and broadcasting, can you expand a little on that as well? I'll give you an opportunity to finalize some of your thoughts on that.
Yes, one of the points that we wanted to make is that traditional journalism is not the only way to convey information; in fact, it's not just the means of distribution, but the many formats, from comedy, to short-form documentaries, to opinion pieces, all of which serve to inform people and create the locally informed citizen. We shouldn't dismiss those types of programming from our review of local news because, ultimately, it's not just about local news, but all the ways in which our communities are being informed.
If people aren't watching the news anymore and watching TV news—and certainly Statistics Canada is telling us that there has been a significant decline over the last 10 years—but we know that TV viewership is up, then they're watching other forms.
A significant part is entertainment, but I think there's also a significant part in the rise of documentaries and the rise of all kinds of other ways of getting informed.
When you look at these new technologies, like VR—and I do encourage you all to watch the TED Talks by Chris Milk—the importance of getting information and not only having facts told to us, which may or may not resonate with us as people, but also getting an emotional connection with the information and the way it's presented can ultimately lead to better outcomes.
Should we be focusing from a public policy perspective on creating programming that merely provides facts, or on the presentation of facts that may create that emotional connection that will ultimately lead to positive social change?
Ultimately what is the public policy goal of providing news? Is it to create local, informed citizens who will take their responsibilities for better communities in hand?
I think we should move now to Mr. O'Regan for the Liberals.
Let me ask you, as an Internet service provider that's different from your colleagues, I guess, in terms of actually producing content, what sort of responsibilities weigh on you to provide prescient local information to your customers?
As a community programming service provider, all of our information is locally relevant. We're looking, obviously, to have issues that resonate more broadly than the community, but we're also seeking the producers who will best address issues they perceive in the community.
It's not a top-down approach where Telus, from our corporate offices, is telling producers to create a story on this or that, but rather a grassroots-up approach of producers. Our attitude is that we're here, and we have funding to give you. What do you think is important for you to tell your communities? What would you like to talk about?
I think it's important to have that as a counterweight to so many other top-down media that we have in this country.
What are your customers telling you about their access to broadband, the quality of it, and whether or not they feel they consider it a right?
First off, we listen to our customers very seriously, which is one of the reasons we have one of the lowest complaint rates with the Commissioner for Complaints for Telecommunications Services, the CCTS. Whenever we do receive these comments, we take action on them on a regular basis. Our customers generally have shown a high degree of satisfaction with the services that we offer. We know, however, that we need to keep increasing them, and we know there are areas and pockets where we need to continue to invest. That's why we're continuously making these announcements of new investments because we know there can never be enough.
On that note, then, what are your thoughts, perhaps personally, but certainly on behalf of Telus, on broadband being considered a right of a Canadian?
Certainly, as the chairman of the CRTC said on the opening day of the hearing yesterday, there is the want and there is the need. On broadband itself, there are certain minimal aspects that can be considered an absolute need, but there's a whole lot of "want" in the whole broadband space.
There's a spectrum that we need to consider, and we can't simply say that everyone deserves the highest possible capacity and speed of broadband. It's simply not possible. We are constantly improving, and those improvements will migrate throughout the country, but not at the same steady pace. You will always have certain pockets that have better broadband than others. While there's a certain minimum that needs to be met, there's also significant capacity that will continue to be well beyond that minimum and that we will address from a competitive standpoint. We know we can sell this broadband, so we will continue to invest for that reason. But we will also ensure that no one is left behind.
How would you define "need" as opposed to "want"?
Minimal standards are certainly being discussed in the hearing over in Gatineau right now. I wouldn't want to venture to say any specific amount at this time. The information provided by the CRTC at the beginning of the hearing certainly does indicate that some minimums have been met in Canada.
How would you define "minimum"?
The definition of minimum need, I think, will depend on region to region. Certainly having access to downloading 4K content is not a need.
Yes, I'm sure it will continue to evolve year after year, month after month, which is again, and I don't want to sound like a broken record, why investments need to be made. As more services and more data-intensive services continue to proliferate, yes, just as we need to keep updating our browsers, we will need to upgrade our networks.
Thank you very much, Mr. O'Regan.
I want to thank Telus for presenting to us.
I do have a question, though. Ms. Dabrusin asked you a question about the fund that you use to bring in your local programming through local producers, etc. Do you consider that to be your contribution as a cable network towards the 5%? Is that part of your 5% contribution, since you don't have a broadcast fee?
That's correct. As a broadcasting distribution undertaking, we are required to spend 5% of gross revenues on various efforts. Some of it is directed to the CMF, the Canada Media Fund. Some of it goes to our community.
Part of that 5%, 2.5% of it I think, is supposed to be news, so how are you contributing to that news piece?
At this time for community programming there is no requirement for news.
Under the cable and television fund there is, no?
There's no requirement for how the community television programming is spent, so we direct 2% to the CMF, and another to an independent production fund that focuses on health programming. We launched the Telus Fund a few years ago. Then the rest of that amount is now directed to our community programming service, Optik Local, and there are no direct requirements for news programming.
Community programming is divided into portions. Half of it at least—for us it's closer to 80% or 90%—is what's called "access programming", where independent producers come up with the idea and are the producers of that programming; and the other half would be Telus-produced. But we have very little Telus-produced programming.
It's all very innovative what you presented to us, but I just wanted to ask a question.
You referred to the TED Talks and the idea of this emotional attachment to the community and, therefore, you said that it's not necessarily about giving the community the facts as they stand. Do you feel that simply looking at emotional content, without looking at the factual content, is actually appropriate? I think Mr. Waugh referred to that, in that if you're going to reach people emotionally, do you also need to do so with a certain amount of factual information and not simply emotional information?
Can you move that we adjourn, Mr. Van Loan?


text:
NYC rats found carrying fleas blamed for bubonic plague
Isabelle Chapman
Study Says Conditions Are Prime for Resurgence of Bubonic Plague
NEW YORK CITY (PIX11) – Fleas capable of carrying the bubonic plague - sinisterly nicknamed the Black Death - have been found hitching rides in the fur of New York City's ubiquitous rats.
That's according to a study published this week in the Journal of Medical Entomology. It's the first study of its kind since the 1920s, researchers with Columbia University and Cornell University said.
Researchers collected more than 6,500 fleas, lice and mites from 133 rats in New York City. Some 500 of those fleas were Oriental rat fleas, the kind that can spread the pathogens that cause the plague which killed millions in the 14th century.
NYC rats are crawling with disease, study finds
But even though it sounds scary, the city's health department said there's no need to worry. Cases of plague are rare in the U.S. In the southwest, about 10 people are infected by the pathogen every year because of plague-carrying ground squirrels, prairie dogs and fleas.
In a statement, the department said the plague requires extreme circumstances besides fleas to pose a threat to humans and those circumstances do no exist in the Big Apple.
Still, the study's authors urge public health officials to closely monitor the city's rats and the fleas they carry, and reminded residents to remove any conditions that could draw rats to their home - such as food or water left out or tiny spaces ideal as rat shelter.
More on AOL.com:
Nepal official says human waste on Everest is a major problem
Steelton residents worried after getting letter about tainted water
Future $20 bills may feature woman's face in place of Andrew Jackson's


The '60s may have been the Age of Aquarius but this decade seems to be the Age of Anxiety and Anger. One cause: screen addiction. Constantly clicking our smartphones for the latest news – and it seems that there's continually breaking news – may help us feel we're on top of the situation but it leaves most of us feeling more empty, worried and angry than before – despite political preferences. We anticipate more coverage on stress, anxiety, mental health and ways to de-stress, which includes taking a break from your device – aka a technology cleanse or digital detox – which is healthy and a good idea but may seem impossible to do.
The reason we thought it was a longshot is that over the past couple of years, there has been the occasional article about digital overload but it hadn't coalesced into something more than a blip. But last year, we felt that could easily change in 2018.
The New York Times: "It's Time for Apple to Build a Less Addictive iPhone: Apple gave us the modern smartphone. Now, it can create a new take on the device by encouraging us to use it more deliberately — and a lot less" by Farhad Manjoo.
According to the Journal, "a letter to Apple on Saturday from Jana Partners LLC and the California State Teachers' Retirement System, or Calstrs, which control about $2 billion of Apple shares....urged the tech giant to develop new software tools that would help parents control and limit phone use more easily, and to study the impact of overuse on mental health." And also, the Journal reported, "On Monday, Tony Fadell, a former senior Apple hardware executive involved in the iPhone's creation, also called on Apple to do more, saying on Twitter that adults are struggling just as much as children with smartphone overuse."
Last year, Fadell apparently began voicing concern, but the media didn't start paying real attention to it until this year.
In it's article, the Times quoted the same letter, describing "a backlash against big tech has been growing for months." Which is another trend we predicted in which we said, "There will be a debate about whether or not and how to regulate Facebook, Google, and Twitter." We did not use the term "backlash," though we should have, and we did not mention Apple specifically but later in that paragraph, we do say that one of the underlying questions would be "Has big tech gotten too powerful." And we think that increasingly, the answer is: "Yes" (and that's part of the backlash).
In fact, check out this front-page (remember that the front-page used to be an indicator of importance) article from the WSJ: "The Antitrust Case Against Facebook, Google and Amazon: Facebook, Google and Amazon dominate their worlds just as Standard Oil and AT&T once did. Critics say they should get the same treatment. The answer to the antitrust question depends on a narrow test: Are consumers worse off?"
For us, screen addiction and big tech backlash and big tech's power are important societal issues. We doubt much will happen to address either the screen addiction or big tech's power (and we think the anxiety and addition they cause does amount to consumer harm) but it is significant that these issues are being raised.


text:
Archive Toxics
Los Angeles has a deep connection to slavery, but those who were subjected to having to grapple with the institution and its legacies in early California have been relatively absent from the archive. California's early history invokes images of white pioneers who settled in California from the mid 19th century to early 20thcentury. These types of images are plentiful, and their abundance has previously concealed African Americans from the history of early California, as Black pioneers have been documented through very few traces. Biddy Mason, one of Los Angeles's first Black pioneers, is one exception. Yet, regardless of the small traces of information we have about Mason's life and impact on the formation of Los Angeles and the foundation she built for the Black community, she is forced to stand as a marker, a representation of those for whom no records exist.
The gaps in the history of African Americans in early Southern California impedes an appreciation for the range and depth of experience within a place, even more so for Black women whom are virtually absent from the archive altogether. Archive toxics are produced through selective inclusion which operates as a form of power, mobilized through historiography that produces an imaginary of particular peoples and places. While the archive is assumed to provide a literal and conceptual place of stable knowledge established from the individuals and institutions that constitute it, toxicity lies in the misinformation, the emptiness, and the selectiveness of knowledge that forms a contaminated ecology of information. Toxic through inclusion and exclusion, producing vacuous spaces and relegating some subjects to the very margins of existence. However, there are always the specters that haunt this place of the archive.
Saidiya Hartman (2019) writes that "Every historian of the multitude, the dispossessed, the subaltern, and the enslaved is forced to grapple with the power and authority of the archive and the limits it sets on what can be known, whose perspective matters, and who is endowed with the gravity and authority of historical actor" (7). Interrogating the archive as a place of toxicity pushes us to read beyond the literal materials that establishes it as a place, and consider the power dynamics as we utilize the archive to produce historical actors and the places they have inhabited. A focus on the minor traces is central to bringing forward the silences of the archive.
View essay
Archive Toxics Cover
This is a found visualization that invites viewers into the archive as a place.
This image first includes a typical archived photograph that represents the Western Migration of white pioneers. I superimposed the image of Biddy Mason, a Black pioneer of early California, to illustrate the alternative histories which challenge this imaginary. I've lightened Mason's portrait to invoke a spectral visualization, playing on the notion of silences and hauntings.
This altered image first includes an early photograph of Los Angeles. Additionally, I superimposed the image of Biddy Mason to push against the white imaginaries of Los Angeles as a place. Mason's portrait is meant to invoke a spectral visualization, again playing on the notion of silences and hauntings.
This image is one of few that the archive holds of African American pioneers during the formation of early Los Angeles. The image is from the 1870's and displays members of the Owens and Mason families, whom under close examination of the photograph can be seen glaring back at the camera. While these figures are present in the archive, they represent an exception to the reality of the archive's toxic dynamics of exclusion.
Nadine Tanio
Kristin Gupta
Monique Azzara
Monique Azzara. 2 February 2020, "Archive Toxics", Center for Ethnography, Platform for Experimental Collaborative Ethnography, last modified 7 March 2020, accessed 18 January 2022.


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The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness. Sy Montgomery
The.Soul.of.an.Octopus.A.Surprising.Exploration.into.the.Wonder.of.Consciousness.pdf
Download The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness
The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness Sy Montgomery
Publisher: Atria Books
The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness. The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration Into the Wonder of Consciousness - Kindle edition by Sy Montgomery. The Octopus Scientists (Scientists in the Field Series). The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness eBook: Sy Montgomery: Amazon.ca: Kindle Store. The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness eBook: Sy Montgomery: Amazon.in: Kindle Store. Amazon.in - Buy The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness book online at best prices in India on Amazon.in. An octopus named Paul II swims in his tank at Sea Life aquarium in which raises the possibility of diffuse consciousness or even multiple selves. Of Your Window; Spell of the Tiger: The Man-eaters of the Sunderbans; The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness. On the natural world, her latest, 'The Soul of An Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness,' is a good place to start. Octopus: The Ocean's Intelligent Invertebrate. The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness: Sy Montgomery: 9781622316168: Books - Amazon.ca. Amazon.com: The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness (9781451697711): Sy Montgomery: Books. THE SOUL OF AN OCTOPUS: A SURPRISING EXPLORATION INTO THE WONDER OF CONSCIOUSNESS Atria Books, ISBN 1451697716. She argues that consciousness itself is a fiction." ― Sy Montgomery, The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness. The Good Good Pig: The Extraordinary Life of Christopher Hogwood. Little, Brown/Hachette Book Group. The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration Into the Wonder of Consciousness: Amazon.es: Sy Montgomery: Libros en idiomas extranjeros. The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness - Kindle edition by Sy Montgomery.
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People ask me why I am going that "extreme" trying this carnivore way of eating. In short – to heal and for prevention. I absolutely love not staying in the status quo! Pushing the boundaries, challenging my mind and body – an amazing feeling of growth, healing and expansion.
Gluten free ➡dairy free ➡ sugar free ➡ red meat free ➡ egg free ➡ vegetarian ➡ vegan ➡ raw food ➡ extended juice fasts ➡ legumes free ➡ grain free ➡ pegan (Paleo/vegan) ➡ keto ➡ carnivore.
Now I eat fatty meat, eggs, some cultured butter, some raw cheese – things I was always told to avoid like a plague and I actually feel satiated, satisfied and have no cravings for anything else. I feel amazing, light, never bloated, cravings free and ready to embrace full zero-carb for the rest of January.
Tomorrow I hit a 3-week mark as I went carnivore. While I started off with cheese and heavy cream, and chicken, after week 2 started to cut them out, as I just did not feel the same after eating those.
In the beginning I was feeling amazing, but a bit lower on energy, so I took it easy, did not work out if I don't feel like it. I was using sauna 4-5 days a week to help with detox.
Around day 19 I started to feel my energy coming back! I was excited to go to the gym again. Not doing much weight training yet, sticking to yoga and light weights. Want to see how my body responds. My sleep is great, definitely better than before, deeper, more restful.
Mental clarity is through the roof, I could definitely see the difference in the first week. As far as weight, I am happy to report I am not gaining 😁 Just staying within 1-2 pound range of my previous keto weight. Will worry about loosing some fat/weight later on after at least 3 months have passed. 3 months by most accounts is how long it takes to really see the difference and improvement. What started out for me as an elimination diet (eat meat for a month and then reintroduce veggies one by one after. See what I react to and eliminate those from my diet) – is actually turning into something I want to continue with and see where it takes me. As long as I feel good and healing. I have paused my body composition progress posts as I decided to give carnivore WOE one month and compare before and after, and then continue with my record keeping posts.
What started out for me as an elimination diet (eat meat for a month and then reintroduce veggies one by one after. See what I react to and eliminate those from my diet) – is actually turning into something I want to continue with and see where it takes me. As long as I am feeling good and healing. I am done wasting my time on counting calories and watching my macros. For the first time in my life I have no cravings! Not even for potato chips or cheese, and my friends know how obsessed I was with potato chips.


text:
Богдан Јочић (Београд, 11. јануара 2001) српски је фудбалер, који тренутно наступа за Верону.

Статистика

Клупска

Референце

Спољашње везе

 Богдан Јочић на сајту Фудбалског савеза Србије
 Богдан Јочић на сајту Sortitoutsi

Рођени 2001.
Спортисти из Београда
Српски фудбалери
Фудбалери Графичара
Фудбалери Вероне
Фудбалери Прве лиге Србије
Везни играчи у фудбалу

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Teleidosaurus est un genre éteint de crocodyliformes metriorhynchoïdes carnivores ayant vécu au Jurassique moyen (Bajocien supérieur à Bathonien inférieur). Leurs fossiles ont été découverts en Normandie (France) et décrits dès le début du .

Étymologie
Le nom de genre Teleidosaurus est composé des mots du grec ancien Teleidos, « achevé, complet » et  sauros, « lézard », pour donner « lézard complet ». Le nom d'espèce calvadossi rappelle le département français du Calvados où les fossiles ont été trouvés.

Historique
L'espèce type a été créée sous le nom de Teleosaurus calvadosii par Jacques Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps en 1866. C'est son fils Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps qui inventa le nom de genre Teleidosaurus en 1869 et le distingua du genre Teleosaurus.

Liste des espèces
  Teleidosaurus calvadosii, l'espèce type, est la seule espèce considérée comme valide par Mark T. Young et ses collègues en 2010. L'holotype est un moulage (plastotype) d'un crâne complet avec mandibule, référencés NHM R.2681.

Autres espèces ré-attribuées
  Teleidosaurus joberti est considérée comme un synonyme junior de T. calvadosii. L'holotype de cette espèce (NHM 32612), constitué de fragments de la mandibule et du prémaxillaire droit ont été détruits lors des bombardements de Caen en 1944. Il en reste des moulages (plastotype).
  Metriorhynchus bathonicus, renommée tout d'abord Teleidosaurus bathonicus, est rattachée au genre Eoneustes.
  Teleidosaurus gaudryi est rattachée au genre Eoneustes.
  Teleosaurus cadomensis (Lamouroux, 1820) est l'espèce type du genre Teleosaurus.

Phylogénie
Une étude phylogénétique réalisée en 2005 remet en cause la monophylie du genre Teleidosaurus.

Notes et références

Références

Voir aussi

Références taxinomiques

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Metriorhynchoidea
 Thalattosuchia

Genre de thalattosuchiens (nom scientifique)
Diapside du Jurassique
Animal du Jurassique moyen
Paléontologie en France
Taxon fossile décrit en 1866
Taxon fossile décrit en 1869


text:
layout: page
title: Diamond Inspired Holdings Dinner
date: 2016-05-24
author: Anthony Good
tags: weekly links, java
status: published
summary: Donec gravida tempor nisl, eu luctus justo.
banner: images/banner/leisure-05.jpg
booking:
  startDate: 12/23/2016
  endDate: 12/25/2016
  ctyhocn: CVGUPHX
  groupCode: DIHD
published: true
---
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text:
'His past doesn't bother me': Aussie prepares for UFC battle
Yoel Romero (left) and Robert Whittaker pose during media day for UFC 213 in Las Vegas. Erik Verduzco
by Liam Fitzgibbon, Fox Sports
7th Jul 2017 1:15 PM
IT'S the kind of single-minded, level-headed approach that's helped Robert Whittaker get to this point.
The Kiwi-born Australian will face one of the UFC's most controversial figures in Yoel Romero at UFC 213 this weekend, but he refuses get riled up by the Cuban's shady past.
In fact, it's as if Whittaker almost welcomes the controversy, such is his desire to beat the feared fighter at his peak.
"He's one of the best athletes, one of the top-level athletes in the world and what he does in his off-season, what he's been popped for, it won't affect me fighting him," Whittaker said.
Romero's "dirty" reputation stems from a failed drug test in 2015 - he tested positive to a banned substance that stimulates human growth hormone release but USADA accepted his claim he had not knowingly taken it - while questionable tactics in the Octagon also haven't enamoured him to rivals.
"You know what, his past doesn't bother me," Whittaker said,
"There is literally nothing I can do about it regardless, so there's no point crying over spilt milk.
"I'm just going to fight Yoel Romero at his best. I'm going to assume he's going to be twice as strong, twice as fast and I'm going to look forward to fighting against that.
"It's just about what I've got to do. I'm always just assuming my opponent's that much better than me anyway."
That kind of talk has become a hallmark of Whittaker's journey to the brink of history. He would become the first Australian to win a UFC belt by beating Romero to the interim middleweight title in Las Vegas on Sunday (AEST).
It's by far the biggest moment of the 26-year-old's career but, in true Whittaker style, little has changed in his approach and preparation.
"The program for me stays exactly the same," Whittaker said.
"I've been having a lot of success on the program and off the back of every camp, every fight, I just get better.
"I do the program more efficiently, with less days off, and every fight you're seeing a better Rob Whittaker in there.
"My coaching staff have studied him (Romero). They do it rigorously ... and then they manipulate my training so that effectively I'm training for him but I don't know the change.
"At the end of the day, I've got to be me. The game plan changes a little bit, you've got to fight certain ways, but I can't completely change what sort of fighter I am."
Whittaker's view on his title chance also speaks volumes about his focus and ambition.
He doesn't want to just be remembered as a UFC champion, but as one of MMA's greatest ever fighters.
"This fight with Yoel Romero isn't just about the UFC gold. It's about fighting Yoel Romero. I want to fight Yoel Romero," Whittaker said.
"Obviously I want things to fit into my agenda. I want that belt as well for other opportunities but Yoel Romero was always on my hit list, trust me. So are a bunch of other dudes.
"I want to set that legacy up. I want to be the best there ever was and I think I'm on a good track there.
"If you want to be the best fighter in the world, you don't need a strap for that, you need to beat all the best fighters in the world and that's what I'm going to do."
robert whittaker
robert whittaker ufc


text:
The Keys to a Blue Economy
Water Canada
Memramcook, N.B. Receives Funding to Expand Water System
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CVC Appoints 2021 Chair and Vice Chair
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Water Canada's Top Stories for 2020
Top Five Drinking Water Stories of 2020
Bi-National Great Lakes Restoration Efforts Receive $100,000
Todd Westcott
At the end of December, the International Association for Great Lakes Research (IAGLR) announced that it had received a grant from the Fred A. and Barbara M. Erb Family Foundation, which will support IAGLR's Great Lakes restoration work on the Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs).
Billions of dollars have been spent on restoration efforts, according to Dr. John Hartig, a former IAGLR president with 30 years of AOC experience. Hartig will lead the project on behalf of IAGLR. "The time is right to conduct a scientifically defensible evaluation of the AOC program," he said. "Key findings from this research will help sustain restoration programs in the Great Lakes and will help other countries in their efforts to clean up and restore degraded ecosystems throughout the world."
Dr. John Hartig. Credit: University of Michigan.
The project began with a symposium held last summer at IAGLR's annual Conference on Great Lakes Research. The symposium, cosponsored by IAGLR, the Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society (AEHMS), Great Lakes Commission, Great Lakes Water Quality Board of the International Joint Commission, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, focused on key achievements, lessons learned, and next steps in action to restore and protect the Great Lakes. In the fall, Hartig was appointed as a Fulbright Scholar in recognition of the importance of this work.
The Erb Family Foundation grant of $100,000 over two years will support the next phase to review and evaluate restoration efforts. The IAGLR Board of Directors will help provide critical peer review of the research undertaken. Findings will be published in the AEHMS Ecovision World Monograph Series, a special issue in the society's journal, and a review article in IAGLR's Journal of Great Lakes Research. In addition, a user-friendly publication will be prepared for a broad range of stakeholders to help sustain support for cleaning up AOCs and to inspire and motivate others to restore other degraded aquatic ecosystems.
"This project reflects IAGLR's commitment to use our collective scientific expertise for informing decision-making to protect the environmental health of large lake watersheds," said IAGLR president Erin Dunlop. "Dr. Hartig led our Great Lakes Science-Policy Initiative several years ago, and through this new project, he continues his long record of service to the association."
IAGLR will conduct research with Canadian and U.S. experts to evaluate achievements and lessons learned from 32 years of efforts to clean up Great Lakes Areas AOCs.
Areas of Concern
aquatic research
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