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Please read chapter one of your book. We wil be discussing it in class, but the more you expose yourself to the information, the better you will do in my class. (0 points).
Define the following terms: element, compound, and mixture. Please give an example of each.
Describe some of the evidence for the existence of atoms and some fo the evidence from our senses that seems to deny the existence of atoms.
According to Dalton, how do atoms of different elements differ?
Describe the differences between a proton, a neutron, and an electron?
Which one of Dalton's assumptions is nwo known to be in error. Which one is it?
Identify the simmilariteis and differences between iron and mercury?
Please list the fundamental subatomic particles that make up an atom and give the corresponding charge.
How does the radius of an atom compare to the size of the nucleus?
If you did not submit your element for the element project to me, please do so now! (5 points).
For friday, please complete the assignment that is describe below. We will be discussing most of the content in class. Remember you have a book for a reason.
Describe the relationship between atomic number, mass number, number of protons, number of neutrons, and number of elecgrons in a calcium atom, 40Ca.
Write the symbol for the atom that contains 24 protons, 4 electrons, and 28 neutrons.
How many times heavier is a 6Li atom than a 1H atom?
If you were to slect on exygen atom at random, what would its mass in grams most likely be?
Caculate the number of elctrons, protons, and neutrons in a 134Ba2+ion.
What is the ratio of the mass of a 12C atom and a 13C atom?
Draw a general structure of an element of your choice.
Contiunte to work on your element project! (500 Points).


text:
Růžohorská hornatina je geomorfologický okrsek Krkonoš. Nachází se v jejich východní části a v severní části Královéhradeckého kraje v okresu Trutnov. Nejvyšší horou Růžohorské hornatiny je Růžová hora (1390 m).

Geomorfologie
Růžohorská rozsocha náleží do geomorfologického celku Krkonoš a podcelku Krkonošské rozsochy. Tvoří ji trojice rozsoch vybíhající jižním směrem z Východního Slezského hřbetu – dvojice rozsoch z masívů Sněžky a Svorové hory společně tvoří podokrsek Růžohorská rozsocha a rozsocha tvořená Pomezním a Dlouhým hřebenem navazující na zakončení Východního Slezského hřbetu v prostoru Pomezních Bud tvoří podokrsek Maloúpská rozsocha. Na západě a jihu ji od Černohorské hornatiny odděluje údolí Úpy. Na severozápadě v Obřím dole tvoří Úpa i krátkou hranici s Východním Českým hřbetem. Na východě a jihu ji od Rýchor odděluje údolí Lysečinského potoka.

Významné vrcholy

 Růžová hora – 1390 metrů (Růžohorská rozsocha)
 Lysečina – 1190 metrů (Maloúpská rozsocha, Pomezní hřeben)
 Jelení hora – 1173 metrů (Růžohorská rozsocha)
 Pěnkavčí vrch – 1105 metrů (Růžohorská rozsocha)
 Kraví hora – 1072 metrů (Maloúpská rozsocha)

Vodstvo
Západní svahy Růžohorské hornatiny odvodňuje Úpa, východní Lysečinský potok a levé přítoky polské řeky Bóbru. Centrální částí protéká Malá Úpa, která zároveň z větší části tvoří hranici mezi oběma podřazenými rozsochami. Malá Úpa a Lysečinský potok jsou levé přítoky Úpy.

Vegetace
Souvislý hospodářský porost smrku ztepilého je v současné době rozrušen četnými pasekami. Vrcholová partie Růžové hory je porostlá klečí. Nachází se zde několik lučních enkláv různé velikosti, na kterých se nachází roztroušená zástavba obcí Malá a Velká Úpa a Horní a Dolní Lysečiny.

Ochrana přírody

Po vrcholu Pomezního hřebenu je vedena státní hranice mezi Českou republikou a Polskem. Celý prostor Růžohorské hornatiny na českém území se nachází na území Krkonošského národního parku.

Komunikace

Centrem hornatiny je vedena jediná veřejná silnice II/252 z Trutnova na hraniční přechod na Pomezních Boudách. Další silnice jsou pak vedeny po obvodu hornatiny. Luční enklávy a lesní porosty uvnitř obsluhují komunikace různého charakteru a s různým stupněm omezení provozu. Prostorem hornatiny jsou vedeny četné turistické značky, z nichž nejvýznamnější je červeně značená Cesta bratří Čapků z Pomezních Bud do Trutnova.

Stavby
V prostoru hornatiny se vyskytuje roztroušená horská zástavba. Na Růžové hoře má přestupní stanici Lanová dráha Pec pod Sněžkou – Sněžka, která mohla mít dle pamětníků ve své dolní části v závěru třicátých let nákladní předchůdkyni sloužící k dopravě materiálu ke právě se rozbíhající výstavbě pohraničních opevnění. Lanovka ale údajně nebyla dokončena. Lanová dráha Velká Úpa – Portášovy Boudy je zakončena v sedle mezi Růžovou horou a Pěnkavčím vrchem. Lehké objekty výše zmíněného opevnění se vyskytují zejména v prostoru Dlouhého hřebenu. Zde stojí i tzv. Červený kříž.

Lyžařská centra
 Asi v půlkilometrové vzdálenosti severně od vrcholu Lysečiny se nachází horní stanice lyžařského vleku, který je sem veden z české, tedy západní strany z Horní Malé Úpy. Na jednom ze stožárů vleku se nachází kamera snímající záběry pro pořad České televize Panorama.
 Další centrum se nachází v areálu lanovky Velká Úpa – Portášovy Boudy.

Reference

Geomorfologické okrsky v Česku
Geomorfologické jednotky Krkonoš
Geografie okresu Trutnov

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Flexible cables with number coded cores, unbedded tinned copper wire braid screen for electrical protection and grey PVC sheath.
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text:
Daniels' trip takes Purdue-India relationship to new level
On Oct. 30, the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry in New Delhi hosted a panel discussion, "Reimagining the Future." Participants, from left, included Suresh Garimella, Anupam Jalote, Mitch Daniels, Alok B. Shriram, Richard Rahul Verma and Rubina Mittal. (Photo contributed)
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — A Purdue University delegation's trip, led by President Mitch Daniels, to Mumbai and New Delhi on Oct. 28-31 promises to take the university's relationship with India to a new level.
"This was an important trip to make in view of the wonderfully successful alumni and the strong demand we see from highly qualified students in both locations," Daniels said. "It was especially meaningful to receive such a warm welcome from hundreds of Boilermaker alumni who now have careers in industry, government and academia and are eager to strengthen the ties between Purdue and their home country."
Accompanying Daniels were Suresh Garimella, Purdue executive vice president for research and partnerships and Goodson Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering; Mary Dennis, vice president for international alumni programs at the Purdue Alumni Association; and Cheryl Altinkemer, associate vice president of advancement for the Purdue Research Foundation.
While in India, Daniels announced a new Purdue-India Executive Council, which will serve as a high-level advisory board to the university on its strategic engagement with the country. The seven inaugural council members are all Purdue alumni: Bharat Ratna C N R Rao, chemist and head of Prime Minister Modi's Scientific Advisory Council and professor and founding director of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR); Habil Khorakiwala, founder, chairman and Group CEO of Wockhardt Limited; Venu Srinivasan, chairman of Sundaram-Clayton Group; G V Prasad, CEO of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories; G V Sanjay Reddy, vice chairman of GVK Industries; Madhavi Desai, founder and CEO of Madhavi Desai Consulting; and Bhargav Kotadia, executive director of Shahajand Group and liaison to the Purdue Alumni India Network.
On Oct. 30 at the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry in New Delhi, Daniels participated in a panel discussion, "Reimagining the Future," at the invitation of PHD Chamber President Alok B. Shriram. Garimella moderated the discussion and Richard Verma, U.S. ambassador to India, participated in the panel and made closing remarks. Anupam Jalote, CEO of GreenOil Energy Sciences, who received his master's in business administration from Purdue (2002), and Rubina Mittal, co-chair of the education committee of the PHD Chamber, were also panelists. More than 350 alumni, industry leaders, academic leaders and students attended the event.
At an alumni reception and dinner on Oct. 30 in New Delhi, President Daniels presented Rudra "Rudy" Shriram, who received his bachelor's degree in management in 2013, the Purdue Alumni Association's 2015 Distinguished Young Alumni Award. This was the first time the award has been presented to an international alumnus living outside the United States.
Daniels and Garimella attended an event with more than 150 alumni on Oct. 28 in Mumbai, at which Daniels moderated an alumni panel discussion. Panelists included Executive Council members Khorakiwala and Reddy, and Ritu Nanda, partner in the Alok Nanda Co., who received a master's degree in agriculture (1985) from Purdue.
Daniels also announced the next speaker in the C N R Rao India-Purdue Collaborative Lecture Series that was launched last year. The 2016 C N R Rao distinguished speaker will be Rex Reklaitis, Purdue's Burton and Kathryn Gedge Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering.
"The discussions and interactions we had during this trip were incredibly beneficial to us as we examine ways to enhance our partnerships in India," Garimella said. "It also was a reminder of how many successful alumni we have in India and the important presence and recognition we already have there."
News Service contact: Greg McClure, 765-496-9711, gmcclure@purdue.edu
Sources: Mitch Daniels, president@purdue.edu
Suresh Garimella, sureshg@purdue.edu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
ULTRACAM observations of two accreting white dwarf pulsators
Copperwheat, C. M., Marsh, T. R., Dhillon, V. S., Littlefair, S. P., Woudt, P. A., Warner, Brian, Steeghs, D., Gaensicke, B. T. and Southworth, J. (2009) ULTRACAM observations of two accreting white dwarf pulsators. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol.393 (No.1). pp. 157-170. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14163.x
WRAP_Steeghs_ULTRACAM_0810.5528v1.pdf - Accepted Version
In this paper, we present high time-resolution observations of GW Librae (GW Lib) and SDSS J161033.64-010223.3 (SDSS 1610) - two cataclysmic variables which have shown periodic variations attributed to non-radial pulsations of the white dwarf (WD). We observed both these systems in their quiescent states with ULTRACAM on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the University of Cape Town Photometer on the SAAO 1.9m telescope, and detect the strong pulsations modes reported by previous authors. The identification of further periodicities in GW Lib is limited by the accretion-driven flickering of the source, but in the case of SDSS 1610 we identify several additional low-amplitude periodicities. In both the sources, we find the pulsation modes to be stronger in amplitude at bluer wavelengths. In the case of SDSS 1610, there is evidence to suggest that the two primary signals have a different colour dependence, suggesting that they may be different spherical harmonic modes. We additionally observed GW Lib during several epochs following its 2007 dwarf nova outburst, using ULTRACAM on the VLT and the Auxiliary Port Imager on the William Herschel Telescope. This is the first time a dwarf nova containing a pulsating WD has been observed in such a state. We do not observe any periodicities, suggesting that the heating of the WD had either switched-off the pulsations entirely, or reduced their relative amplitude in flux to the point where they are undetectable. Further observations 11 months after the outburst taken with RATCam on the Liverpool Telescope still do not show the pulsation modes previously observed, but do show the emergence of two new periodic signals, one with a frequency of 74.86 +/- 0.68 cycles d(-1) (P = 1154 s) and a g '-band amplitude of 2.20 per cent +/- 0.18 and the other with a frequency of 292.05 +/- 1.11 cycles d(-1) (P = 296 s) and a g ' amplitude of 1.25 per cent +/- 0.18. In addition to the WD pulsations, our observations of GW Lib in quiescence show a larger amplitude modulation in luminosity with a period of approximately 2.1 h. This has previously been observed, and its origin is unclear: it is unrelated to the orbital period. We find this modulation to vary over the course of our observations in phase and/or period. Our data support the conclusion that this is an accretion-related phenomenon, which originates in the accretion disc.
Dwarf novae, Stellar oscillations, White dwarf stars, Cataclysmic variable stars
11 February 2009 Published
Science and Technology Facilities Council (Great Britain) (STFC), National Research Foundation (South Africa), University of Cape Town
ST/F002599/1 (STFC), PP/D002370/1 (STFC), PP/E001777/1 (STFC)
Other Repository


Gearhouse Broadcast is a leading international broadcast services company. With offices located in the UK, Australia, USA and Qatar, they provide a comprehensive range of broadcast solutions including Equipment Sales, Equipment Rental, Outside Broadcast, Project Solutions and Systems Integration. Gearhouse Broadcast is a Gravity Media Group Company.
inspHire rental software gives us visibility of our sales and rental stock across multiple depots and companies within the group across the globe.
Simon Pomarat IT & Business Systems Manager, Gearhouse Broadcast.
With the business continuing to grow, expanding levels of equipment and an increasing amount of contracts, Gearhouse Broadcast began to find it difficult to maintain complete control across the numerous countries they operate in. As they began to encounter more issues, Gearhouse decided it was time to search for another solution and turned to inspHire to solve their problems.
Gearhouse Broadcast selected inspHire Corporate Edition Rental Management Solution for the AV industry to run its rental operations in the UK, Australia and USA. "inspHire rental software gives us visibility of our sales and rental stock across multiple depots and companies within the group across the globe. This enables us to forecast rental stock requirements/shortfalls months ahead when planning and quoting for large projects. The system also provides us with detailed tracking and utilisation for each of the 1000's of unique items we hold on our asset register recording each transaction from point of purchase through each rental to the potential sale. This enables the group to ensure our kit is where it is required in the world.
"InspHire has the ability to track all aspects of a job including sub x-hires and interface in to our Sage accounting software which provide the business with actual cost and accruals for each job. inspHire has experienced and knowledgeable project managers that worked with our business to understand our requirements ensuring our implementation requirements were met throughout." "The SQL platform inspHire is based on enables us to report on all aspects of our business no matter how detailed the report requirement and the system also contains profile fields that are user customisable enabling you to build in extra fields to meet any unique reporting requirements." "InspHire runs a regular forum that gives users a way to feedback future requirements ensuring the product continues to evolve and meet the businesses changing needs" Simon Pomarat IT & Business Systems Manager, Gearhouse Broadcast.


The first 2019 Ford GT Heritage Edition supercar with the famous racing paint scheme sold for a whopping $2.5 million dollars this past weekend with the money all going to help the United Way for Southeastern Michigan.
The limited-edition Ford GTs are all highly prized supercars. Typically, potential buyers have to fill out a long application, go through a screening process and agree to certain restrictions to buy the car. For example, buyers have to agree to keep the vehicle for two years and agree to display the vehicle for charity events. None of the restrictions applied to this auction. The buyer can do whatever he wants with the supercar. Rick Hendrick, who owns Hendrick Motorsports, won the bidding.
Joe Hinrichs, the president of Ford Global Operations, drove the 2019 Ford GT Heritage Edition VIN 001 onto the auction block. Hinrichs put on a special Ford GT racing jacket and promised it to the buyer to encourage higher bidding. Edsel Ford also promised to make arrangements to have the vehicle delivered to the Ford Executive Garage to make it easier for the winning bidder.
The special Gulf Oil paint scheme celebrates the 50th anniversary of the 1968 and 1969 Le Mans-winning GT40 that became one of the most recognizable racecars of all time. The Ford GT40 beat Ferrari 50 years ago to make racing history.
The 2019 Ford GT Heritage Edition celebrates the winning race car with the famous paint scheme, along with exposed carbon fiber accents for both the interior and exterior.
For 2019 only, the package features the No. 9 graphics on the hood and doors as well as a ghosted image on the interior door panels. The 2019 Ford GT Heritage edition also sports leather seats with special blue and orange stitching. It has polished anodized paddle shifters.
On Friday night, the first production 2020 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500 sold for $1.1 million. Ford is donating those proceeds to the JDRF, which raises money to fight Type 1 diabetes.
In all, Ford raised $3.6 million for charity at the Barrett-Jackson Auction, in Scottsdale, Arizona.


There was a large swimming pool in a separate building next to the Culture House. The swimming pool itself was actually located on the first floor. Maybe this was to protect the permafrost from melting due to the large amount of water over longer periods?
The swimming hall is in a separate building not far from the culture house, next to the open air sports arena "Gagarin".
Anyway, also the swimming pool building was large and well-stocked with all sorts of related facilities.


4. Do not try to do "nicely"
7. Why bother to be so efficient?
I do not intend to "teach" you, but to enable you to learn at your own rate of understanding and doing. Time is the most important means of learning. To enable everybody-without exception-to learn, there should be plenty of time for everybody to assimilate the idea of the movement as well as the leisure to get used to the novelty of the situation.
There should be sufficient time to perceive, and organize oneself. No one can learn when hurried and hustled. Each movement is, therefore, allotted sufficient time for repeating it a number of times. Thus, you will repeat the movement as many times as it suits you during the span of time allotted.
Trying hard means that somehow a person knows that unless he makes a greater effort and applies himself harder he will not achieve his goals. Internal conviction of essential inadequacy is at the root of the urge to try as hard as one can, even when learning. Only when we have learned to write fluently and pleasurably can we write as fast as we wish, or more beautifully. But "trying" to write faster makes the writing illegible and ugly. Learn to do well, but do not try. The countenance of trying hard betrays the inner conviction of being unable or of not being good enough.
In the course of our lives, we may be called upon to make enormous efforts-sometimes beyond what we believe we can produce. There are situations in which we must pay no heed to what the enormous effort entails. We often have to sacrifice our health, the wholeness of our limbs and body, to save our life. Obviously, then, we must be able to act swiftly and powerfully. The question is, wouldn't we be better equipped for such emergencies by making our efforts efficient in general, thus enabling us to exert ourselves less and achieve our purpose economically.
Learning must be slow and varied in effort until the parasitic efforts are weeded out; then we have little difficulty in acting fast, and powerfully.
Now suppose you make your first attempt a little less fast than the top speed that is possible for you at this moment and, looking at your watch, you find that you are short of what you used to be able to do: But you will feel and think you could have done a little better had you really tried your best: This feeling will lead you to try again. The next attempt will be a little faster anyway, so that, continuing to do a little less than your utmost, you go on improving. In the end, you will in a short time give a better account of yourself than in your younger days when youthful stamina and ambition made you always do your utmost. The wisdom of doing a little less than one really can pushes the record of achievement further and further as you come nearer to it, similar to the horizon that recedes on approaching it.
You will understand now why I say in the lessons "lower your knees in the direction of the floor" rather than "try to touch the floor with your knees." This makes no difference to anyone who is beyond improving; but you will convince yourself that it makes a real difference, reminding you to keep yourself out of stress and give yourself a real chance to learn to learn.


SAO PAULO (Reuters) - Another man has died while helping to build the Sao Paulo stadium that will host the opening match at this year's World Cup in Brazil, a hospital spokesperson said on Saturday.
He is the third construction worker to perish while working on the Arena Corinthians on the outskirts of Sao Paulo and the seventh to die in building Brazil's World Cup arenas.
Fabio Hamilton da Cruz fell about 25 feet to his death on Saturday morning, said a spokesperson for the Santa Marcelina hospital where he was taken.
He was installing floors on the temporary stands being constructed at the ground that will host the Brazil-Croatia opener on June 12, Corinthians said in a statement.
Brazil's Sports Minister confirmed Saturday's death and said he would wait for a full report about the incident.
FIFA secretary general Jerome Valcke tweeted that he was "very saddened by the tragic death" of the worker and sent his condolences to the man's family and friends.
Fatal accidents have also occurred in Manaus and Brasilia.
Another worker died while working on Palmeiras's arena in Sao Paulo, but that stadium will not be used for the World Cup.
Two workers lost their lives building stadiums for the World Cup tournament hosted in South Africa four years ago.
The Arena Corinthians is among the most expensive of Brazil's 12 World Cup venues and was one of the last to get started.
It is designed to seat 48,000 people but another 20,000 seats are being added for use during the finals.
The construction worker who died on Saturday was helping to install the temporary stands when he fell, a statement published on the Corinthians website said.
The stadium was supposed to be finished in December but the delivery date was pushed back after two workers were killed in November when a crane toppled over.
Work has been slow since then and there is concern that security may be taking a back seat to haste as workers rush to finish the venue in time.
The stadiums in Cuiaba and Curitiba are still not finished, although the latter held its first game on Saturday.
Only small sections of the Arena da Baixada were open for the game between the hosts Atletico Paranaense and J Malucelli which ended in a 0-0 draw.
The 2014 World Cup, the first to be held in Brazil since 1950, has been beset by delays, cost overruns and broken promises.
In addition to the late delivery of stadiums, several important public transportation projects have been scaled back or abandoned altogether.
There are also concerns that the temporary structures needed to help with issues such as energy, security and hospitality will not be ready in time.
Sao Paulo and Porto Alegre have yet to start deploying the tents and containers required and they have not begun to install the telecoms networks needed by broadcasters and the media.
Organizers said those networks have to be in place 90 days before the tournament begins in order to properly test them but with 75 days to go before the first ball is kicked work has not yet started.
FIFA last week said it remained confident everything will be finished in time for the start of the finals. The soccer world governing body's secretary general Valcke has been meeting with Corinthians officials to discuss the delays.


During the "pre-Internet" age the only way to get information about your car insurance policy was to visit the insurance company in person, have a company representative come to you or telephone the company to speak with a customer service representative. Those days exist no longer. Now you check your car insurance online. This can save you time. It can also prevent the frustration of not being able to contact your agent when you need to make immediate changes to your policy.
Check your care insurance online to save time and prevent frustration.
Determine whether or not your insurance company has an online portal for a customer to check his car insurance. A few of the insurance companies that offer this option are Progressive, State Farm, AllState, Geico and NationWide.
Visit the online portal that was given to your by your insurance company.
Click on the "Log In" or "Sign In" option to access your insurance account. Depending upon the insurance company, it may be necessary for you to click on the "Register" link to register for the online services. You will need your policy number in order to register.
Click on the "Account" or "My Account" option to view information about your car insurance. For example, you will be able to see your coverage, see payment history, add coverage to new vehicles and make new payments.
Click the "Log Out" button when you are done checking your car insurance. This will ensure that no one can access your account information.


text:
Ferry to Norway from UK
Most booked ferries to Norway from UK
FerryGoGo » Norway » Ferry to Norway from the UK
Eemshaven-Kristiansand
Holland ⇔ Norway
3 times per week
Kiel-Oslo
Germany ⇔ Norway
Copenhagen-Oslo
Denmark ⇔ Norway
Hirtshals-Kristiansand
How to get to Norway by ferry from the UK
Unfortunately, there is no direct ferry to Norway from The United Kingdom. Yet you can get there by car and two ferries. It is even possible to get there without ferries, but that is not advisable since it is a very long drive.
The ferry is a comfortable way of traveling and with the many cruise ferries to Norway, quite an experience.
Want to go to Norway by ferry from the UK? Find all information on this page!
All ferries to Norway
Ferries to Norway from Scotland
Ferries to Holland from UK
Map with all ferry routes to Norway
If you travel from the UK, you can choose to go by ferry to Norway via The Netherlands, Germany, or Denmark. We'll cover these options further down this page but let's have a look at how to travel to mainland Europe first.
Check availability and compare prices
An easy way to find a good price is by filling in the fields below:
Travel tip: Eemshaven-Kristiansand is the shortest drive
Depending on where you live in the UK, you can book one of the ferries to Rotterdam or Amsterdam. From here, Eemshaven can be reached by car in about 3 hours.
Also on this page
How to get to the continent from the UK?
Ferry from The Netherlands to Norway
Ferry from Germany to Norway
Ferry from Denmark to Norway
Drive to Norway from the UK
Frequently asked questions Ferry UK-Norway
To sail to Norway from the United Kingdom, you first need a crossing to the continent. The options for this are the direct crossings to Holland or the various options from Dover to France.
The biggest disadvantages of traveling via France are the long drive to your next crossing to Norway and the delays at the customs on busy days at Dover and Calais. On the other hand, the crossings between Dover and Dunkirk or Calais are a lot shorter. Therefore this is certainly a good option for travelers from Southern England.
UK ⇔ European mainland
Dover-Calais
UK ⇔ France
Up to 55 times p/day
Hull-Rotterdam
UK ⇔ Holland
11h 30 mins.
Once per day
Harwich Hook of Holland
Newcastle-Amsterdam
Dover-Dunkirk
Up to 8 times p/day
Travel time by car after the first crossing
From Rotterdam/Amsterdam to Eemshaven: ± 3 hours
From Dunkirk to Eemshaven: ± 5 hours 30 minutes
From Rotterdam/Amsterdam to Kiel: ± 6 hours
From Dunkirk to Kiel: ± 8 hours 45 minutes
You can travel from the Netherlands to Norway via the (new in 2022) Eemshaven-Kristiansand ferry connection and start your vacation early. This ferry has all the luxury you need and is a very pleasant crossing for many. And this is also a bit of a problem: since this cruise ferry is so popular, you need to book far in advance, we even advise people even to book a year early!
It is essential to know that this crossing from The Netherlands to Norway is brand new, extremely popular and because of that it is heavily overbooked. It's not easy to take this crossing in 2022 anymore if you want to travel with a car, camper or caravan. In 2023 however you can already start booking, be quick though.. You're not the only one.
An interesting route to consider is the 20h ferry from Kiel to Oslo. Depending on which crossing you choose from the UK to the continent, the distance to Kiel is between 6 and 9 hours by car. This is a night crossing on the beautiful ship from Color Line. This is more of a 'cruise' experience than a ferry experience.
The luxurious cruise ships from Color Line
There is a daily ferry from Kiel, Germany, to Oslo. This is a night crossing and a popular choice due to the considerable distance the ferry travels.
The departure ports in the north of Denmark are not just around the corner, but anyone taking a road trip to Scandinavia will certainly benefit from one of these crossings.
Depending on where the rest of your vacation or trip will take place, you can choose between various destinations. For example: Larvik, Kristiansand, Oslo, Langesund and Bergen.
The advantage of traveling from Denmark to Norway is mainly the short sailing time. These differ between 2 hours and 15 minutes and approximately 19 hours.
Hirtshals-Bergen
Hirtshals-Larvik
It may not be the most obvious route, but we'll mention it anyway: it is also possible to drive to Norway!
You can choose to take the Channel tunnel and drive all the way to Copenhagen. From here you can take the bridge to Sweden and drive further to the north to Norway.
Beware though: there are many toll routes and additional costs attached to these routes.
For this, you have to travel 1566 kilometers from Calais to the Swedish-Norwegian border.
Is there a car ferry from the UK to Norway?
There is no direct ferry from the UK to Norway. You can choose to travel to Holland (Rotterdam or Amsterdam) or France and drive to the north of The Netherlands (Groningen). From here you can take a ferry to Kristiansand. Other options are to travel to Germany (Kiel) or Denmark (Hirtshals, Copenhagen).
Which shipping companies sail between the Netherlands and England?
Three ferry companies sail to England from the Netherlands. These are P&O ferries, Stenaline and DFDS. The ferries from France to Dover are from P&O ferries and DFDS.
Which shipping companies sail from the Netherlands to Norway?
There is only one ferry connection from the Netherlands to Norway: the crossing from Eemshaven to Kristiansand. It is operated by HNL – Holland Norway Lines.
How long does the crossing from the Netherlands to England take?
By boat to England from the Netherlands can be done in 6.5 hours. This is how long the shortest crossing takes between Hoek van Holland and Harwich (day trip). The longest crossing, on the other hand, takes more than 16 hours (night sailing). This one goes between IJmuiden / Amsterdam and Newcastle.
How long does the crossing from the Netherlands to Norway take?
The travel-duration from departure to arrival is about 18 hours on this route. You will leave in the afternoon (15.00) from Eemshaven to Kristiansand where you will arrive the next morning on 09.00
Other options to travel to Norway by ferry
If you don't dislike a longer drive you can drive to Kiel, Kopenhagen, Langesund, or Hirtshals. You will be longer in the car but the crossing by ferry is a lot shorter.
How much does the ferry to Norway cost?
Depending on whether you bring a car and book a cabin, the costs for the ferry to Norway vary a lot. You can cross to France first, but more easily are the various connections you can take to the Netherlands. From there on you can travel via the Ferry in the North of the Netherlands or drive further by car and take the ferry a bit later to Germany or Denmark. To give an indication: a ferry to the Netherlands will be approximately €100,- per person, and from the Netherlands to Norway up to around €200,- per person. So if you opt for the easy way this will cost you somewhere around €300,- to travel to Norway.
Are dogs allowed on board?
On both crossings, you can take your dog along. Be sure to inform about vaccination rules and rules aboard the ships.
Ferry from Wales to Ireland


International Women's Day is a celebration of nebulous origins, and dubious manifestations (should we thank or punch the colleague who holds the door for us "because it's International Women's Day"?).
However, this annual milestone has one merit: every year, for one day, it specifically focuses media attention on issues regarding gender equality—and, in this media age, the louder a concern resounds, the most likely it is to be addressed.
International Women's Day is about looking back on what has been accomplished, assessing what still has to be done, and celebrating the role models who lead the way. Regarding the second of these aspects, it is my personal conviction that, if we want to achieve equal rights and opportunities on a global scale, we women should travel. Here is why.
Travel abducts us from the familiar and makes us dive head first into the unknown. Travel forces us to improvise, to scratch our head for solutions, or to learn how to rely on pure instinct. Travel challenges us, pushes us to make mistakes, and compels us to learn from them.
Learning about the world in theory cannot replace experiencing it for ourselves.; it is through education that women will progress towards equality, and in this regard travel is as essential as University degrees.
Most of the time, it is not an explicit interdiction that keeps us from reaching for our dreams (or even daring to formulate those dreams, if only to ourselves)—it is self-censorship.
No matter how free we think we are, we grew up with an image of what a woman (or, more precisely, a respectable woman) can or cannot be, should or should not do. The power of this image comes from the fact that we have integrated it on a completely unconscious level, and tend to conform to it—or feel guilty when we do not—without even noticing.
The great virtue of travel is to drill giant cracks through the solid ground we thought was reality: when we land somewhere new, culture shock feels like a slap in the face because most things we considered natural (conceptions, values, habits) turn out to be cultural constructs. Conventions and beliefs are often very different—or do not even have an equivalent—in our newfound environment.
This is especially true of gender-related conceptions: when we travel, we women experience new (and seemingly incomprehensible) reactions to what we do, say or wear. We have to put up with looks, conventions or interdictions which make us boil inside; or, on the contrary, experience a latitude of action that we never had before. We learn to look at our own culture with a critical eye—and can choose to get back to our own ways, or to start challenging them.
Travel removes us from the sight of our families, friends and social environment—and from the expectations and automatic behaviours that come with them. We are free to try, transform, experiment, and get closer to our personal needs and desires. We learn how to make more informed, more conscious choices, and to take our life into our own hands (rather than floating around like a piece of drift wood caught in the current).
This also means that we are cut off from the resources we usually turn to when faced with a problem: nobody else is around to deal with changing the tyre in the desert, facing the lethal spider on the door or chasing the thief who just grabbed our bag. We are forced to take charge of our own path, comfort, and sometimes survival.
Taking charge is terrifying, but once we have faced the fear, handled the situation (with stoic bravery, or high-pitched screams and tears) and made it alive, we know that we will be able to do it again. Lack of self-confidence is probably the greatest obstacle to the progress of women; this confidence does not grow on trees, but flourishes from experience.
When we return home, we might be overwhelmed with the depressing feeling that nothing has changed, that we are stuck in the same situation that we tried to escape in the first place, and cannot help falling back into familiar patterns.
Except something has changed: us.
We have seen natural marvels, tentacular cities, gravity-defying constructions. We have learnt new words, tasted new flavours, danced to new rhythms. We have met people who were larger than life, people who ripped us off, and people who saw things in us that we did not know were there.
We are coming home with new ideas, new skills, and an expanded point of view. We possess new weapons to defy what bothers us about our situation. We have moved one pawn in the game—if only by an inch—, and the others will have no choice but to adjust their position. It is now our task to spread the word, and inspire others around us; it is now our task to plant the seeds of change.
Girls, do the world a favour: go and travel.
yes i absolutely agree- we have to travel and bonus - its amazing fun!
This is a fantastic post; it puts a slightly different spin on Int'l Women's Day than I'm used to seeing. 'Travel as education' is always something that has resonated with me, and education can only be a good thing. And the 'gender norms' we might be accustomed to in our hometown/state/country/culture might really stun us when we visit another, giving us pause to reflect and strive for change (or perhaps acceptance in certain respects).
Excellent post! Travel is a catalyst for change and growth wherever and whenever, but as I gear up for my first solo adventure, new ideas, emotions and considerations come into play. Do the world a favour indeed!
Well said post! For me travel has definitely inspired me and created a greater sense of confidence. I've also found that the more I travel the more I'm willing to try new things. The more I experience the more I don't want to miss out on experiences. I believe this to be true for both male and female, travel shapes how we see the world which in turn shapes who we are.
I found one typo and wanted to share: "We have met people who were larger than life, people who ripped us off, and people who saw things in us that we did not know where there." It should read "were there" at the end of the sentence.
Thanks for sharing. Can't wait to see more great articles!
Great post! I couldn't agree with you more there. I have learnt so much through traveling, more than I have ever learnt in my whole life. Travel is such an important part of life in my opinion.
@Mac-Eagle Eye: whoops, thanks for saving the Internet from ugly typos!
Fantastic and so true. Once you've travelblues once you just can't help wanting to go again - it teaches you so much about the World and yourself. Great blog, great advice!
So true and so inspiring! I need to read more things like this every day!
There is so much in this article that resonates with me. Thank you!
Great inspiration, thank-you. I'm glad to see so many more women travelling independently every year, but for every adventurer there are at least 20 more who are too afraid. I hope the bug spreads further!
Such a wonderful, wonderful post!
"Travel removes us from the sight of our families, friends and social environment—and from the expectations and automatic behaviours that come with them." - this line is especially true and resonates with me. Coming from Asia, most of us are always told to conform to societal pressure.
Totally agree! There is nothing more empowering and educating than travel!


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Study suggests genetic link between Late Bronze and Iron Age inhabitants and current Basque population
A recent study published in the open access journal Plos One by the BIOMICs research group at the University of the Basque Country suggests a possible genetic link between people who lived in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age settlement of La Hoya and the current population of Guardia/Laguardia in Araba.
In the words of the authors' abstract:
La Hoya (Alava, Basque Country) was one of the most important villages of the Late Bronze and Iron Ages of the north of the Iberian Peninsula, until it was violently devastated around the 4th century and abandoned in the 3rd century B.C. Archaeological evidences suggest that descendants from La Hoya placed their new settlement in a nearby hill, which gave rise to the current village of Laguardia. In this study, we have traced the genetic imprints of the extinct inhabitants of La Hoya through the analysis of maternal lineages. In particular, we have analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 41 human remains recovered from the archaeological site for comparison with a sample of 51 individuals from the geographically close present-day population of Laguardia, as well as 56 individuals of the general population of the province of Alava, where the archaeological site and Laguardia village are located. MtDNA haplotypes were successfully obtained in 25 out of 41 ancient samples, and 14 different haplotypes were identified. The major mtDNA subhaplogroups observed in La Hoya were H1, H3, J1 and U5, which show a distinctive frequency pattern in the autochthonous populations of the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis was performed to test the most likely model for the local demographic history. The results did not sustain a genealogical continuity between Laguardia and La Hoya at the haplotype level, although factors such as sampling effects, recent admixture events, and genetic bottlenecks need to be considered. Likewise, the highly similar subhaplogroup composition detected between La Hoya and Laguardia and Alava populations do not allow us to reject a maternal genetic continuity in the human groups of the area since at least the Iron Age to present times. Broader analyses, based on a larger collection of samples and genetic markers, would be required to study fine-scale population events in these human groups.
Araba, Basque history, Basque in the news
ArabaBasqueBasque COuntryBasque history
August 15, 778: The Battle of Orreaga
Vagabrothers visit the Basque Country


A Recliner that looks and makes you feel great!
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Factory tested for safety and reliability, the Model 5 Classic uses only the finest American-made parts and is completely assembled at our factory in western New York State. Since the early 1960's we have taken pride in crafting a recliner that will provide you with years of comfort and relaxation. Once you try an American Massage Products recliner, you'll wonder how you lived without it!
Recliners from American Massage Products use patented Soniod technology to provide superior massage capabilities for today's quality-conscious consumers. The Spheroid action produces vertical, horizontal and circular waves of motion that penetrate deeply and smoothly for maximum benefit. This multi-dimensional massage action helps alleviate fatigue, eases tired legs, feet and back, and provides relief from minor aches and pains.
Now American Massage Products' precision-crafted rollers simulate the movements of a professional masseuse by providing kneading action - the sensation of pressure and release that's the secret of a good massage. Fingertip controls let you enjoy overall massage or concentrate the action on a troublesome spot. For even greater intensity, the pillow back flips up to allow closer contact with the massage rollers.
Adjust the controls individually to provide a gentle, relaxing massage with therapeutic heat or increase the intensity and duration for a more penetrating and invigorating massage. Easy-to-use from any position, the control panel tucks away into the chair when not in use.


After mixing up the lavender simple syrup, it was time to find a recipe to test it out. Enter the High Violet, a tasty summer treat from Madison, Wisconsin's craft cocktail bar, Merchant, which was featured in a recent issue of Imbibe magazine.
The resulting cocktail is highly sippable, light and floral. I ended up using a newly acquired bottle of Hudson Baby Bourbon and as a special treat, finally found a great recipe to test out the fancy manuka doctor honey we got at last year's Food Bloggers conference, which added a bit of lushness to the cocktail. Manuka Doctor Honey is 100% pure honey made by bees who have fed on New Zealand's Manuka Flower. Don't have fancy honey? Any kind will do.
Double strain into a mason-style jar filled with ice. Double strain by using cocktail strainer and a fine mesh strainer or tea strainer, this will keep strawberry bits and ice chips out of your drink.


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earth earthsciences geo geodesy geography geoid geoinfo geophysics geospatial gis mathematics physicalgeography science science, todo zzz.wsefp
My tags:
This article includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (February 2009)
An old geodetic pillar (1855) at Ostend, Belgium
A Munich archive with lithography plates of maps of Bavaria
Geodesy (pronounced /dʒiːˈɒdɪsi/[1]), also called geodetics, a branch of earth sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-dimensional time-varying space. Geodesists also study geodynamical phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and polar motion. For this they design global and national control networks, using space and terrestrial techniques while relying on datums and coordinate systems.
3 Geoid and reference ellipsoid
4 Coordinate systems in space
4.1 Coordinate systems in the plane
6 Geodetic data
6.1 A note on terminology
7 Point positioning
8 Geodetic problems
8.1 First geodetic problem
8.2 Second (inverse) geodetic problem
9 Geodetic observational concepts
10 Geodetic measurements
11 Units and measures on the ellipsoid
12 Temporal change
13 Famous geodesists
13.1 Mathematical Geodesists before 1900
13.2 20th century
14 International organizations
15 Governmental agencies
[edit] Definition
Geodesy (from Greek γεωδαισία - geodaisia, lit. "division of the Earth") is primarily concerned with positioning within the temporally varying gravity field. Somewhat obsolete nowadays, geodesy in the German speaking world is divided into "Higher Geodesy" ("Erdmessung" or "höhere Geodäsie"), which is concerned with measuring the Earth on the global scale, and "Practical Geodesy" or "Engineering Geodesy" ("Ingenieurgeodäsie"), which is concerned with measuring specific parts or regions of the Earth, and which includes surveying.
The shape of the Earth is to a large extent the result of its rotation, which causes its equatorial bulge, and the competition of geological processes such as the collision of plates and of vulcanism, resisted by the Earth's gravity field. This applies to the solid surface, the liquid surface (dynamic sea surface topography) and the Earth's atmosphere. For this reason, the study of the Earth's gravity field is called physical geodesy by some.
[edit] History
Main article: History of geodesy
[edit] Geoid and reference ellipsoid
The geoid is essentially the figure of the Earth abstracted from its topographical features. It is an idealized equilibrium surface of sea water, the mean sea level surface in the absence of currents, air pressure variations etc. and continued under the continental masses. The geoid, unlike ellipsoid, is irregular and too complicated to serve as the computational surface on which to solve geometrical problems like point positioning. The geometrical separation between it and the reference ellipsoid is called the geoidal undulation. It varies globally between ±110 m.
A reference ellipsoid, customarily chosen to be the same size (volume) as the geoid, is described by its semi-major axis (equatorial radius) a and flattening f. The quantity f = (a−b)/a, where b is the semi-minor axis (polar radius), is a purely geometrical one. The mechanical ellipticity of the Earth (dynamical flattening, symbol J2) can be determined to high precision by observation of satellite orbit perturbations. Its relationship with the geometrical flattening is indirect. The relationship depends on the internal density distribution, or, in simplest terms, the degree of central concentration of mass.
The 1980 Geodetic Reference System (GRS80) posited a 6,378,137 m semi-major axis and a 1:298.257 flattening. This system was adopted at the XVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). It is essentially the basis for geodetic positioning by the Global Positioning System and is thus also in extremely widespread use outside the geodetic community.
The numerous other systems which have been used by diverse countries for their maps and charts are gradually dropping out of use as more and more countries move to global, geocentric reference systems using the GRS80 reference ellipsoid.
[edit] Coordinate systems in space
See also: Geodetic system
The locations of points in three-dimensional space are most conveniently described by three cartesian or rectangular coordinates, X,Y and Z. Since the advent of satellite positioning, such coordinate systems are typically geocentric: the Z axis is aligned with the Earth's (conventional or instantaneous) rotation axis.
Prior to satellite geodesy era, the coordinate systems associated with a geodetic datum attempted to be geocentric, but their origins differed from the geocentre by hundreds of metres, due to regional deviations in the direction of the plumbline (vertical). These regional geodetic datums, such as ED50 (European Datum 1950) or NAD83 (North American Datum 1983) have ellipsoids associated with them that are regional 'best fits' to the geoids within their areas of validity, minimising the deflections of the vertical over these areas.
It is only because GPS satellites orbit about the geocentre, that this point becomes naturally the origin of a coordinate system defined by satellite geodetic means, as the satellite positions in space are themselves computed in such a system.
Geocentric coordinate systems used in geodesy can be divided naturally into two classes:
Inertial reference systems, where the coordinate axes retain their orientation relative to the fixed stars, or equivalently, to the rotation axes of ideal gyroscopes; the X axis points to the vernal equinox
Co-rotating, also ECEF ("Earth Centred, Earth Fixed"), where the axes are attached to the solid body of the Earth. The X axis lies within the Greenwich observatory's meridian plane.
The coordinate transformation between these two systems is described to good approximation by (apparent) sidereal time, which takes into account variations in the Earth's axial rotation (length-of-day variations). A more accurate description also takes polar motion into account, a phenomenon closely monitored by geodesists.
[edit] Coordinate systems in the plane
In surveying and mapping, important fields of application of geodesy, two general types of coordinate systems are used in the plane:
Plano-polar, in which points in a plane are defined by a distance s from a specified point along a ray having a specified direction α with respect to a base line or axis;
Rectangular, points are defined by distances from two perpendicular axes called x and y. It is geodetic practice — contrary to the mathematical convention — to let the x axis point to the North and the y axis to the East.
Rectangular coordinates in the plane can be used intuitively with respect to one's current location, in which case the x axis will point to the local North. More formally, such coordinates can be obtained from three-dimensional coordinates using the artifice of a map projection. It is not possible to map the curved surface of the Earth onto a flat map surface without deformation. The compromise most often chosen — called a conformal projection — preserves angles and length ratios, so that small circles are mapped as small circles and small squares as squares.
An example of such a projection is UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator). Within the map plane, we have rectangular coordinates x and y. In this case the North direction used for reference is the map North, not the local North. The difference between the two is called meridian convergence.
It is easy enough to "translate" between polar and rectangular coordinates in the plane: let, as above, direction and distance be α and s respectively, then we have
The reverse transformation is given by:
[edit] Heights
In geodesy, point or terrain heights are "above sea level", an irregular, physically defined surface. Therefore a height should ideally not be referred to as a coordinate. It is more like a physical quantity, and though it can be tempting to treat height as the vertical coordinate z, in addition to the horizontal coordinates x and y, and though this actually is a good approximation of physical reality in small areas, it quickly becomes invalid for regional considerations.[specify]
Heights come in the following variants:
Orthometric heights
Geopotential heights
Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Both orthometric and normal heights are heights in metres above sea level, whereas geopotential numbers are measures of potential energy (unit: m² s−2) and not metric. Orthometric and normal heights differ in the precise way in which mean sea level is conceptually continued under the continental masses. The reference surface for orthometric heights is the geoid, an equipotential surface approximating mean sea level.
None of these heights is in any way related to geodetic or ellipsoidial heights, which express the height of a point above the reference ellipsoid. Satellite positioning receivers typically provide ellipsoidal heights, unless they are fitted with special conversion software based on a model of the geoid.
[edit] Geodetic data
Because geodetic point coordinates (and heights) are always obtained in a system that has been constructed itself using real observations, geodesists introduce the concept of a geodetic datum: a physical realization of a coordinate system used for describing point locations. The realization is the result of choosing conventional coordinate values for one or more datum points.
In the case of height datums, it suffices to choose one datum point: the reference bench mark, typically a tide gauge at the shore. Thus we have vertical datums like the NAP (Normaal Amsterdams Peil), the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88), the Kronstadt datum, the Trieste datum, and so on.
In case of plane or spatial coordinates, we typically need several datum points. A regional, ellipsoidal datum like ED50 can be fixed by prescribing the undulation of the geoid and the deflection of the vertical in one datum point, in this case the Helmert Tower in Potsdam. However, an overdetermined ensemble of datum points can also be used.
Changing the coordinates of a point set referring to one datum, so to make them refer to another datum, is called a datum transformation. In the case of vertical datums, this consists of simply adding a constant shift to all height values. In the case of plane or spatial coordinates, datum transformation takes the form of a similarity or Helmert transformation, consisting of a rotation and scaling operation in addition to a simple translation. In the plane, a Helmert transformation has four parameters; in space, seven.
[edit] A note on terminology
In the abstract, a coordinate system as used in mathematics and geodesy is, e.g., in ISO terminology, referred to as a coordinate system. International geodetic organizations like the IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service) speak of a reference system.
When these coordinates are realized by choosing datum points and fixing a geodetic datum, ISO uses the terminology coordinate reference system, while IERS speaks of a reference frame. A datum transformation again is referred to by ISO as a coordinate transformation. (ISO 19111: Spatial referencing by coordinates).
[edit] Point positioning
Geodetic Control Mark (example of a deep benchmark)
Point positioning is the determination of the coordinates of a point on land, at sea, or in space with respect to a coordinate system. Point position is solved by computation from measurements linking the known positions of terrestrial or extraterrestrial points with the unknown terrestrial position. This may involve transformations between or among astronomical and terrestrial coordinate systems.
The known points used for point positioning can be triangulation points of a higher order network, or GPS satellites.
Traditionally, a hierarchy of networks has been built to allow point positioning within a country. Highest in the hierarchy were triangulation networks. These were densified into networks of traverses (polygons), into which local mapping surveying measurements, usually with measuring tape, corner prism and the familiar red and white poles, are tied.
Nowadays all but special measurements (e.g., underground or high precision engineering measurements) are performed with GPS. The higher order networks are measured with static GPS, using differential measurement to determine vectors between terrestrial points. These vectors are then adjusted in traditional network fashion. A global polyhedron of permanently operating GPS stations under the auspices of the IERS is used to define a single global, geocentric reference frame which serves as the "zero order" global reference to which national measurements are attached.
For surveying mappings, frequently Real Time Kinematic GPS is employed, tying in the unknown points with known terrestrial points close by in real time.
One purpose of point positioning is the provision of known points for mapping measurements, also known as (horizontal and vertical) control. In every country, thousands of such known points exist and are normally documented by the national mapping agencies. Surveyors involved in real estate and insurance will use these to tie their local measurements to.
[edit] Geodetic problems
In geometric geodesy, two standard problems exist:
[edit] First geodetic problem
Given a point (in terms of its coordinates) and the direction (azimuth) and distance from that point to a second point, determine (the coordinates of) that second point.
[edit] Second (inverse) geodetic problem
Given two points, determine the azimuth and length of the line (straight line, arc or geodesic) that connects them.
In the case of plane geometry (valid for small areas on the Earth's surface) the solutions to both problems reduce to simple trigonometry. On the sphere, the solution is significantly more complex, e.g., in the inverse problem the azimuths will differ between the two end points of the connecting great circle, arc, i.e. the geodesic.
On the ellipsoid of revolution, solutions in closed form do not exist, so rapidly converging series expansions have traditionally been used, such as Vincenty's formulae.
In the general case, the solution is called the geodesic for the surface considered. It may be nonexistent or non-unique. The differential equations for the geodesic can be solved numerically.
[edit] Geodetic observational concepts
Here we define some basic observational concepts, like angles and coordinates, defined in geodesy (and astronomy as well), mostly from the viewpoint of the local observer.
The plumbline or vertical is the direction of local gravity, or the line that results by following it. It is slightly curved.
The zenith is the point on the celestial sphere where the direction of the gravity vector in a point, extended upwards, intersects it. More correct is to call it a <direction> rather than a point.
The nadir is the opposite point (or rather, direction), where the direction of gravity extended downward intersects the (invisible) celestial sphere.
The celestial horizon is a plane perpendicular to a point's gravity vector.
Azimuth is the direction angle within the plane of the horizon, typically counted clockwise from the North (in geodesy and astronomy) or South (in France).
Elevation is the angular height of an object above the horizon, Alternatively zenith distance, being equal to 90 degrees minus elevation.
Local topocentric coordinates are azimuth (direction angle within the plane of the horizon) and elevation angle (or zenith angle) and distance.
The North celestial pole is the extension of the Earth's (precessing and nutating) instantaneous spin axis extended Northward to intersect the celestial sphere. (Similarly for the South celestial pole.)
The celestial equator is the intersection of the (instantaneous) Earth equatorial plane with the celestial sphere.
A meridian plane is any plane perpendicular to the celestial equator and containing the celestial poles.
The local meridian is the plane containing the direction to the zenith and the direction to the celestial pole.
[edit] Geodetic measurements
The level is used for determining height differences and height reference systems, commonly referred to mean sea level. The traditional spirit level produces these practically most useful heights above sea level directly; the more economical use of GPS instruments for height determination requires precise knowledge of the figure of the geoid, as GPS only gives heights above the GRS80 reference ellipsoid. As geoid knowledge accumulates, one may expect use of GPS heighting to spread.
The theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles to target points. These angles are referred to the local vertical. The tacheometer additionally determines, electronically or electro-optically, the distance to target, and is highly automated to even robotic in its operations. The method of free station position is widely used.
For local detail surveys, tacheometers are commonly employed although the old-fashioned rectangular technique using angle prism and steel tape is still an inexpensive alternative. Real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS techniques are used as well. Data collected are tagged and recorded digitally for entry into a Geographic Information System (GIS) database.
Geodetic GPS receivers produce directly three-dimensional coordinates in a geocentric coordinate frame. Such a frame is, e.g., WGS84, or the frames that are regularly produced and published by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS).
GPS receivers have almost completely replaced terrestrial instruments for large-scale base network surveys. For Planet-wide geodetic surveys, previously impossible, we can still mention Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) techniques. All these techniques also serve to monitor Earth rotation irregularities as well as plate tectonic motions.
Gravity is measured using gravimeters. Basically, there are two kinds of gravimeters. Absolute gravimeters, which nowadays can also be used in the field, are based directly on measuring the acceleration of free fall (for example, of a reflecting prism in a vacuum tube). They are used for establishing the vertical geospatial control. Most common relative gravimeters are spring based. They are used in gravity surveys over large areas for establishing the figure of the geoid over these areas. Most accurate relative gravimeters are superconducting gravimeters, and these are sensitive to one thousandth of one billionth of the Earth surface gravity. Twenty-some superconducting gravimeters are used worldwide for studying Earth tides, rotation, interior, and ocean and atmospheric loading, as well as for verifying the Newtonian constant of gravitation.
[edit] Units and measures on the ellipsoid
Geographical latitude and longitude are stated in the units degree, minute of arc, and second of arc. They are angles, not metric measures, and describe the direction of the local normal to the reference ellipsoid of revolution. This is approximately the same as the direction of the plumbline, i.e., local gravity, which is also the normal to the geoid surface. For this reason, astronomical position determination - measuring the direction of the plumbline by astronomical means - works fairly well provided an ellipsoidal model of the figure of the Earth is used.
One geographical mile, defined as one minute of arc on the equator, equals 1,855.32571922 m. One nautical mile is one minute of astronomical latitude. The radius of curvature of the ellipsoid varies with latitude, being the longest at the pole and the shortest at the equator as is the nautical mile.
A metre was originally defined as the 40-millionth part of the length of a meridian (the target wasn't quite reached in actual implementation, so that is off by 0.02% in the current definitions). This means that one kilometre is roughly equal to (1/40,000) * 360 * 60 meridional minutes of arc, which equals 0.54 nautical mile, though this is not exact because the two units are defined on different bases (the international nautical mile is defined as exactly 1,852 m, corresponding to a rounding of 1000/0.54 m to four digits).
[edit] Temporal change
In geodesy, temporal change can be studied by a variety of techniques. Points on the Earth's surface change their location due to a variety of mechanisms:
Continental plate motion, plate tectonics
Episodic motion of tectonic origin, esp. close to fault lines
Periodic effects due to Earth tides
Postglacial land uplift due to isostatic adjustment
Various anthropogenic movements due to, for instance, petroleum or water extraction or reservoir construction.
The science of studying deformations and motions of the Earth's crust and the solid Earth as a whole is called geodynamics. Often, study of the Earth's irregular rotation is also included in its definition.
Techniques for studying geodynamic phenomena on the global scale include:
satellite positioning by GPS and other such systems,
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)
satellite and lunar laser ranging
Regionally and locally, precise levelling,
precise tacheometers,
monitoring of gravity change,
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) using satellite images, etc.
[edit] Famous geodesists
[edit] Mathematical Geodesists before 1900
Pythagoras 580-490 BC, ancient Greece[2]
Eratosthenes 276-194 BC, ancient Greece
Posidonius ca.135-51 BC, ancient Greece
Claudius Ptolemy 83–c.168 AD, Roman Empire (Roman Egypt)
Abu Rayhan Biruni 973-1048, Khwarezm (Iran/Persia)[3][4]
Sir George Biddell Airy 1801-1892, Cambridge & London
Muhammad al-Idrisi 1100-1166, (Arabia & Sicily)
Al-Ma'mun 786-833, Baghdad (Iraq/Mesopotamia)
Gerhard Mercator 1512-1594 (Belgium & Germany)
Snellius (Willebrord Snel van Royen) 1580-1626, Leiden (Netherlands)
Christiaan Huygens 1629-1695 (Netherlands)
Pierre de Maupertuis 1698-1759 (France)
Pierre Bouguer 1698-1758, (France & Peru)
Jean Henri Lambert 1728-1777 (France)
Alexis Claude Clairaut 1713-1765 (France)
Johann Jacob Baeyer 1794-1885, Berlin (Germany)
Karl Maximilian von Bauernfeind, Munich (Germany)
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, Königsberg (Germany)
Roger Joseph Boscovich, Rome/ Berlin/ Paris
Heinrich Bruns 1848-1919, Berlin (Germany)
Alexander Ross Clarke, London (England)
Loránd Eötvös 1848-1919 (Hungary)
Sir George Everest 1830-1843 (England & India)
Hervé Faye 1814-1902 (France)
Abel Foullon (France)
Carl Friedrich Gauß 1777-1855, Göttingen (Germany)
Friedrich Robert Helmert, Potsdam (Germany)
Hipparchus, Nicosia (Greece)
Pierre-Simon Laplace 1749-1827, Paris (France)
Adrien Marie Legendre 1752-1833, Paris (France)
Johann Benedikt Listing 1808-1882 (Germany)
Friedrich H. C. Paschen, Schwerin (Germany)
Charles S. Peirce 1839-1914 (United States)
Henri Poincaré, Paris (France)
J. H. Pratt 1809-1871, London (England)
Regiomontanus (Germany/Austria)
Georg von Reichenbach 1771-1826, Bavaria (Germany)
Heinrich Christian Schumacher 1780-1850 (Germany & Estonia)
Johann Georg von Soldner 1776-1833, Munich (Germany)
George Gabriel Stokes (England)
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve 1793-1864, Dorpat and Pulkowa/St.-Petersburg (Russia)
[edit] 20th century
Arne Bjerhammar,KTH, Stockholm (Sweden)
W. Bowie 1872-1940 (USA)
John Fillmore Hayford (USA)
Friedrich Hopfner, Vienna (Austria)
Harold Jeffreys, London (England)
Karl-Rudolf Koch, Bonn (Germany)
Mikhail Sergeevich Molodenskii 1909-1991 (Russia)
John A. O'Keefe 1916-2000 (USA)
Karl Ramsayer, Stuttgart (Germany)
Hellmut Schmid, (Switzerland)
Petr Vaníček, Fredericton (Canada)
Yrjö Väisälä 1889-1971, (Finland)
Felix Andries Vening-Meinesz 1887-1966 (Netherlands)
Thaddeus Vincenty, (Poland)
Alfred Wegener 1880-1930, (Germany & Greenland)
[edit] International organizations
International Association of Geodesy (IAG)
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
Fédération Internationale des Géomètres (FIG)
European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) (which despite being officially disbanded in 2005 continues to refine a well tested set of Geodetic Parameters)
[edit] Governmental agencies
National Geodetic Survey (NGS), Silver Spring MD, USA
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), Bethesda MD, USA (Previously National Imagery and Mapping Agency NIMA, previously Defense Mapping Agency DMA)
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reston VA, USA
Institut Géographique National (IGN), Saint-Mandé, France
Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG), Frankfurt a. M., Germany (Previously Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie, IfAG)
Central Research Institute for Geodesy, Remote Sensing and Cartography (CNIIGAIK), Moscow, Russia
Geodetic Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Geoscience Australia, Australian Federal Agency
Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI), Masala, Finland
Portuguese Geographic Institute (IGEO), Lisbon, Portugal
Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics - IBGE
Spanish National Geographic Institute (IGN), Madrid, Spain
Land Information New Zealand.
Geodesy Division of Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Note: This list is still largely incomplete.
Wikibooks has more on the topic of
Physical geodesy
Geographical distance
ETRS89
Important publications in geodesy
History of geodesy
Space techniques
World Geodetic System, WGS 84
Geodesic (in mathematics)
Geodesic (in physics)
Geodetic system
[edit] Notes
^ OED
^ DEFENSE MAPPING AGENCY TECHNICAL REPORT 80-003
^ H. Mowlana (2001). "Information in the Arab World", Cooperation South Journal 1.
^ A. S. Ahmed (1984). "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist", RAIN 60, p. 9-10.
[edit] References
B. Hofmann-Wellenhof and H. Moritz, Physical Geodesy, Springer-Verlag Wien, 2005. (This text is an updated edition of the 1967 classic by W.A. Heiskanen and H. Moritz).
Vaníček P. and E.J. Krakiwsky, Geodesy: the Concepts, pp.714, Elsevier, 1986.
Thomas H. Meyer, Daniel R. Roman, and David B. Zilkoski. "What does height really mean?" (This is a series of four articles published in Surveying and Land Information Science, SaLIS.)
"Part I: Introduction" SaLIS Vol. 64, No. 4, pages 223-233, December 2004.
"Part II: Physics and gravity" SaLIS Vol. 65, No. 1, pages 5-15, March 2005.
"Part III: Height systems" SaLIS Vol. 66, No. 2, pages 149-160, June 2006.
"Part IV: GPS heighting" SaLIS Vol. 66, No. 3, pages 165-183, September 2006.
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Geodesy
International Association of Geodesy (IAG).
The Geodesy Page.
Geodesy and Geomatics Home Page
Welcome to Geodesy
MapRef.org: The Collection of Map Projections and Reference Systems for Europe
GeometricalGeodesy software for Geodesy calculations
Pennsylvania Geospatial Data Sharing Standard - Geodesy and Geodetic Monumentation
References on Absolute Gravimeters
Geodesy tutorial at University of New Brunswick
Vincenty's Direct and Inverse Solutions of Geodesics on the Ellipsoid, in JavaScript
Vincenty's Solution of Geodesics on the Ellipsoid, in C#
Vincenty's Solution of Geodesics on the Ellipsoid, in Java
EarthScope Project
UNAVCO - EarthScope - Plate Boundary Observatory
Polish Internet Informant of Geodesy
Atmospheric science · Environmental science · Geodesy · Geology · Geophysics · Glaciology
Hydrology · Oceanography · Physical geography · Soil science
Category · Portal
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesy"
Categories: Geodesy | Earth sciences | Surveying | Civil engineering | Navigation | Geophysics | Cartography | Greek loanwords
Hidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2009 | Articles needing more detailed references


Property taxes owed to Cook County, and to a third party who bought a portion of the tax debt, are piling up on a car wash in Elgin owned by state GOP chairman and former Cook County Commissioner Tim Schneider.
Two of the Chicago area's leading black pastors are not thrilled with Evanston/Skokie District 65's instituting of "Black Lives Matter (BLM) Week of Action" in all 18 of its schools this week.
A presentation at an upcoming summit on adolescent health originally entitled "Race & White Privilege" has been changed to "Race & Well-being," and the co-chair of group sponsoring the summit says that the change was requested by presenters.
Former state Rep. Lou Lang's selection of lobbyist Yehiel Mark Kalish to replace him in the 16th House District was set even before Lang, a Democrat of Skokie, interviewed nearly 20 vying for the position, a source told North Cook News.
Northbrook village government taking on broader agenda?
Some officials and residents day signs of a more partisan political environment in Northbrook were evident last week with the village board's consent to reconsider last year's vote to opt out of Cook County's minimum wage ordinance.
Opponents of the building of an access road on the Canal Shores Golf Course are now looking to the Cook County Board of Commissioners and the courts after yesterday's 5-4 vote by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District (MWRD) to approve an easement for the building of the road.
Sam McCann, Conservative Party candidate for governor, has leveraged whatever political base he has to stab fellow conservative state Rep. Tom Morrison (R-Palatine) in the back, as part of a bid by the public sector unions to oust any opposition in Springfield, conservative leaders say.
Brigette Evans, a language arts teacher at Nichols Middle School, sent a politically charged email to her colleagues using the school's email server, a practice that government watchdog groups say is an "abuse of taxpayer resources," and a violation of the Illinois Constitution.
Illinois State Board of Elections records show that between 2012 and 2018, Moylan received nearly $1 million from three Madigan campaign committees, both in direct donations and in-kind contributions (where the donor covers the cost of mailers or other services).
The news that an investigation into sexual harassment charges against Maine Township Trustee Dave Carrabotta had cleared him of any wrongdoing is expected to intensify a fight between a group of reformers in the township and an old guard resistant to change.
Maine Township Trustee Dave Carrabotta has been exonerated of allegations that he sexually harassed fellow board member Kimberly Jones after a two-month investigation by the board's law firm.


Yesterday I took both girls to the doctor and today I took both girls for hair cuts.
And now I need a nap. And a diet coke.
The girls just got a good trim. I was trying to take a picture of their fresh hair cuts and this is the series of how it went. ha!
I picked three winners for the Princess clippies! I have emailed the winners so if you don't hear from me - I'm sorry. Polkadotposies is sold out of these right now (ha!) but they should be back in stock in two weeks if you are looking for any!
I wanted to share that I CAN NOT THANK YOU ENOUGH!!!! My friend Timesia who I told you about got enough money raised that she started the process for her procedure yesterday. It's a ten week process and it's risky - but if it works - it should cure her! I don't know how to thank each of you for giving. Seriously - God bless you SO much!
7. We get a LOT more single girls than guys posting which TOTALLY makes sense BUT remember - I doubt I have many single guys reading my blog unless someone directs them to check out the Singles day. So just don't be upset if you don't get a lot of response. The thing we need most is for people to share their single brothers/co-workers, BIL's, dad's, friends here. So if you know ANY single GOOD guys - please share them with us!!!
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The girls are back but not all is well. Mr Huggles is sick from eating cookies so Will takes him to the Pet shop where Matt's grandfather offers her a job.
Irma's astral drop promised to go out with Martin, so now she has to. He takes her to the museum. Irma finds a creature from Meridian there and the day after Hay Lin shows that on the map it says that there is a portal open at the museum.
They decide to "break in" but find Elyon waiting for them. The girls are trapped in a painting.
In the painting another is trapped. Mr. Van Dahl who is the original painter. He was from Meridian but fled to earth when Phobos began to hunt him. Phobos tacked him down and imprisoned him in his own painting.
To break the spell that keeps the girls from using magic inside the painting as well as preventing Van Dahl from painting, they have to break into the cathedral where the last tear is kept. Cedric sends Frost to try to stop them.
Back at the museum, the Uriah gang have also broken in but triggered the alarm after a running with Vathek. They are caught by the police and are put before Judge Cook.
The girls enter the cathedral and manage to get the tear before Frost can stop them. They can return home but Van Dahl choses to stay inside the painting.
If you look closly at the statue inside the museum when the girls arrive at night. You will see that it looks alot like medusa killed by Perseus a famous greek lekend and statue.
Next we see a symbol that looks like a sun on the hilt of the sword the gang is waving around and that Vathek throws at a painting. The same symbol or one that looks alot like it is also inside the Van Dahl painting. Just above the door to the cathedral.
Next is the friut painting that Vathek cuts with the sword. This painting looks a bit like the famous italian painting Basket of Fruit(Caravaggio) from the year 1599 just about the time Van Dahl came to earth.
The painting that Van Dahl and the girls are trapped in loks alot like the square and cathedral form the Disneys version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
The Last Tear may originate from the bible where a bottle of tears is mentioned a few times.


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text:
Return to Castle Ravenloft in Curse of Strahd Revamped, a new edition of the classic D&D adventure
Dungeons & Dracula.
About Dungeons & Dragons 5E
The invitations from Castle Ravenloft have arrived and the Count awaits his guests once more in Curse of Strahd Revamped, a revised edition of the fan-favourite Dungeons & Dragons adventure releasing later this year.
Curse of Strahd was adapted from a first-edition D&D module originally called Ravenloft, released back in 1983, which followed the story of a vampire called Strahd von Zarovich. The modern adaptation of the classic tabletop roleplaying game module updated the original to work with Dungeons & Dragons 5E, and added entirely new story elements created by Ravenloft writers Tracy and Laura Hickman.
The horror-themed adventure based in the Forgotten Realms, the original setting for Dungeons & Dragons, saw players receiving an invitation to Castle Ravenloft in order to dine with the Count himself. Looming over the little village of Barovia, Castle Ravenloft is an imposing structure housing all manner of creatures and - of course - its vampiric host. The gothic horror-inspired adventure has players exploring the foreboding castle in order to defeat the Count and stop his villainous plan.
Since its re-release in 2016, Curse of Strahd has become one of the most iconic D&D 5E sourcebooks, earning an ENnie award for Best Adventure.
The upcoming Curse of Strahd Revamped will contain an adventure book designed to take characters from first level to 10th, a Creatures of Horror booklet featuring the new monsters introduced in this version and a Tarokka deck and booklet - designed to help the DM decide the players' fates throughout the story.
Also included in the set will be an illustrated dungeon master screen and a double-sided map of Barovia and Castle Ravenloft, as well as a series of postcards with artwork from the various locations featured throughout the adventure.
Besides some additional enemies and other changes, Curse of Strahd Revamped includes a revised version of the Vistani people, a human variant first introduced in the Ravenloft module who were described as being travellers with dark skin, chaotic natures and a fondness for lavish jewelry. The revised depiction of the Vistani is seemingly designed to be more in-line with Wizards of the Coast's latest initiative to address the more problematic elements of D&D.
Curse of Strahd Revamped is a standalone adventure set to be released on October 20th at a retail price of $100 (£77).
More On Dungeons & Dragons 5E
European RPG Studios Union emerges from dust of D&D's OGL storm to 'promote RPGs as art and protect creators'
Roll20, Deadlands and Numenera RPG makers join Pathfinder studio's open game licence as D&D OGL rival gathers momentum
D&D's latest OGL playtest releases core rules to Creative Commons but deauthorizes past version
D&D maker apologises for OGL, will publicly playtest future versions of legal document
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Award-winning RPG monster series launches werewolf supplement for D&D 5E
Pathfinder maker announces its own Open RPG Creative License in response to controversial D&D OGL changes


text:
Carmelo Arden Quin
Jesús Rafael Soto
Museum of Latin American Art
Geometric Abstraction at MOLAA
Carlos Cruz-Diez, Physichromie no. 1.015, 1975. Duker Collection, Pasadena
Hard-edge Latin American abstraction is experiencing a resurgence of interest among scholars and museums. It was not much to the taste of MOLAA founder Robert Gumbiner, but his foundation acquired some examples, and this holding has been augmented since his 2009 death. MOLAA is now surveying the field with a one-room exhibition, "Abstract Art Beyond the Frame." Largely drawn from the permanent collection, the selection is augmented by several key loans from the Duker Collection, Pasadena, and a group of works donated by the family trust of Argentinian artist, novelist, and playwright Jorge Albertella, who lives in Palos Verdes. The show brings together well-known mid-century figures and younger artists working in this idiom from Argentina, Colombia, Honduras, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
Installation view with sculptures by Alejandro Otero on the island
Carmelo Arden Quin, Laby, 1950. Duker Collection, Pasadena
The earliest object in the show is a hipster abstraction by the Uruguayan artist Carmelo Arden Quin, co-founder of the Grupo Madí movement in Buenos Aires. Quin was among the first to use shaped canvases. LACMA bought an example in 2018, but the artist's work remains a rarity in U.S. museums.
Jesús Rafael Soto, Homage to the Human Being, 1971
Silvana Lacarra, untitled, 2003
A work by Argentinian artist Silvana Lacarro is made of Formica. Lacarro wrote of the countertop laminate: "This material was born as an economic simile of wood; the middle class adopted it not because of its imitative quality, but because of its claim to solidarity. Artistic work is the opposite of what is considered solid: It grasps without reaching its destination or, in the best of cases, simulates its arrival…"
Jorge Albertella, Ars Metallica 15a, 2006. Gift of the Albertella Family Trust
Edgar Guzmanruiz, Cut, 2006
Labels: Carlos Cruz-Diez Carmelo Arden Quin Jesús Rafael Soto Museum of Latin American Art
I like a more international survey of contemporary art, which is why I prefer the non-national nature of a Broad Museum compared with the American-themed nature of the Whitney Museum.
^^^Huh? ...
The majority of the artists in the Broad collection are US artists.
The majority are, but not totally.
By contrast, a museum that's devoted (and themed) to American art/artists is pretty much a case of totally.
Ted Gallagher NYC said…
Jesús Rafael Soto is a kinetic genius.
He's a huge fave.
Freak Flags at the Broad
Carter Still Lifes at the Getty
UC Irvine Museum Adds a Pashgian
Murakami Meditates in an Emergency
Stolen de Kooning Restored
Mario Moore at CAAM
Shirin Neshat Acquisitions at the Broad
Two Shows Ponder Movie Backdrops as Art
Report: Lucas Outbid for "Sugar Shack"
Quote of the Day: Bendor Grosvenor
Pinkie is "Better Call Saul" Easter Egg
Academy Museum's Black Cinema Show Will Include Co...
Getty Adds an Uncanny Double Portrait
Confederate Monuments Show Scores Hank Willis Thom...
Pashgian's "Primavera" Is a Sculpture That Can't B...


text:
Watch: Distracted Driver Causes Six-Vehicle Crash Near Ann Arbor
George McIntyre Published: October 23, 2022
MSP First District via Twitter
The video below will show you just how dangerous distracted driving can be.
Did that opening line sound preachy? I didn't mean it to sound preachy or imply that you are guilty of distracted driving... (Although there certainly are a lot of distracted drivers - accidents waiting to happen - out on the road as of late.)
Distracted Driving Near Ann Arbor
Michigan State Police Officers were called to the scene of an accident involving six cars on M-14 westbound near the US 23 interchange near Ann Arbor. In the video below, you'll see the silver car on the left edge of your screen rear-end another car which causes that vehicle to lose control and swerve into the path of a semi-truck that hit that vehicle and another truck.
The video was recorded by the semi-truck driver who was recording the dash-cam video.
From MSP First District via Twitter:
The accident happened Thursday (10/20), around 3 pm.
"MULTIPLE VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH: This video clip is an excellent example of being distracted and speeding while driving. The silver vehicle in the left lane was the at fault driver."
The Michigan State Police went on to say that no one was killed or received life-threatening injuries, but two people were taken to the hospital.
They went on to note that the driver of the silver car that started the chain-reaction wreck was ticketed, and they reiterated how dangerous distracted driving can be.
See Genesee County, Michigan's Most Famous Historic Places
These Genesee County buildings are part of the National Historic Places Registry
Inside the Spectacular $18M Walloon Lake Retreat in Petoskey
Consider it all Pure Michigan is the form of a home. This spectacular home situated on the iconic Walloon Lake is currently on the market for $18M making it the most expensive home for sale in the state. Although it shares those bragging rights with a rustic Alpena lodge, there is nothing rustic about this 14,000+ square foot home.
From the massive master suite with a drool-worthy closet to the lower level entertainment area with indoor golf, gym, gaming area, and bunk room/ theater room, the home has everything you can dream of. There is even a guest suite with its own kitchen area and private entrance. The outside is just as mesmerizing with a lakeside gazebo, manicured grounds, and a boat house for 2 nautical toys. Round it all out with a garage with space for 4 cars with its automatic lift and heated driveway.
Take a look inside!
The Oldest Residence in Michigan
Categories: Michigan News, Newsletter, Videos


Why can't people just be nice? Why do they have to resort violence?
This wasn't at all the kind of birthday present I'd hoped for. It was a cruel way to enter into adulthood. To see people tearing my city apart, hurting the people in it and filling the air with gunpowder and smoke, it makes me want to be child, where the world stays simple and violence on that scale is something that cannot be comprehended and can never be justified.
In the world of a child, where all you need and want are the basics, food, shelter, clothing and love. To know that you're safe and protected with the belief that everyone is inherently good.
I know that there are some children who don't get to experience childhoods like this, and that's why I am thankful that my parents made my childhood as wonderful as it was. I know that in some parts of the world violence is a daily part of life and children are the innocent victims and witnesses of horrific acts of war and terrorism. I pray that no child ever had to face a childhood like that and that violence ceases and peace blankets the world.
This Christmas, let's all pray, really pray for 'Peace on Earth'!