The Catholic Message Board • View topic - "Total Self-Gift"
The phrase "total self-gift" gets used often in describing the martial act, especially in our age of theology of the body/personalism. I have seen this phrase criticized because one should not make themselves a "total self-gift" to other, but to God alone. Your neighbor, or in this case your spouse, is loved to lesser degree. To give oneself "totally" would exclude any other.
Post subject: Re: "Total Self-Gift"
I think several distinctions are in order.
First, how is it that we give ourselves to God? Scripture is clear that if we say we love God but hate the brethren, then we lie about loving God. And true religion, of course, is to serve, especially those who need it the most. So I would say we love God or give ourselves to Him precisely insofar as we give ourselves to others. Christ is, of course, the best example of that. He gave Himself completely up for us, and in doing so, gave Himself totally over to God.
Second, the question seems to want to presume some sort of division of time or resources insofar as it requires a limited amount of myself to give. And in one sense, that is perfectly true. But taken that way, to give ourselves totally to God would mean that we have no time or resources left for anyone at all, not even our families, and that strikes me as obviously not true and not what God wants. So there must be a sense in which we give ourselves to others that doesn't have to do with time or resources.
Third, specifically with reference to the marital act, I would posit that giving ourselves "totally" doesn't refer to every aspect of ourselves (i.e., our finances, our bodies, our emotions, our time, etc.), but rather has to do with the act itself--that we deny nothing of ourselves in the act to the other. So if a man wears a condom or a woman is taking a pill (to contraceptive ends), then you really are denying an essential part of yourself.
I do not think giving ourselves to others equates to fully giving ourselves to God. If I spend all my time in charitable works, but never give God due worship to Him via prayer and the Holy Sacrifice, then I will be damned.
Your second point is true. Hence, we should drop the language of "total self-gift" because it is horribly inaccurate.
To your third point: it appears that some of those who use this phrase go beyond the martial act and encompass the whole person.
If it was worded something like, "the spouse gives himself to His wife without any reservation in both the martial act and in living out the sacramental marriage, etc…" would be less problematic and more accurate. Or maybe, "the husband should be dedicated to his wife all marriage duties through in a full and total way…" This would confine it to what his responsibilities are in a marriage. Giving the whole person in their totality to the other excludes any other. And if this is merely up to interpretation, then why not simply make the phrase more accurate?
I really find all of this as simply a result of phenomenology meeting Catholicism and degrading theological language.
"Therefore as the church is subject to Christ, so also let the wives be to their husbands in all things."
Now that I think about it, perhaps I need to go to the potential source of all of this; Wojtylism, as found in JPII's earlier works on marriage.
Is there any real confusion here, or just the muddying of the waters by those who want to complicate the obvious?
This is not about confusion so much, at least for the us in this forum. Rather this is an analysis of theological language, which has been muddied and imprecise since the revolutions of the 20th century. In this thread, it's entirely known what the context of the statement means. What I am trying to point out/get input is that such terms do not appear to have proper precision.
What should be accomplished in Catholic theology and in documents of the Church is precision and clarity. The result of good theology are distinctions, terms, and definitions that mean something very specifically, instead of ambiguous and flowery language.
I see nothing ambiguous nor "flowery" here.
If a person is supposed to give themselves "totally," both physical and personally, then this would exclude God. So, instead of praying at night before bed, I should give my wife a massage. Instead of going to Mass on Sunday, I should take my wife out to breakfast. Instead of educating my children, I should spend time with my wife.
If I put God first, as I should, then that is not giving to my wife in a total fashion both physically and personally.
Instead, "total self-gift" it is just something that sounds nice and romantic, but looking at it theologically (i.e. with reality in relation to God), it is not possible.
If a wife is supposed to be subject to their husbands in all things as the church is subject to Christ, both physical and personally, then this would exclude God.... "Being subject to man as though to God" is just something that sounds nice and romantic, but looking at it theologically, it is not possible.
This is nonsense, no one would interpret the teaching of the Church to give yourself so exclusively to another so as to the exclusion of God, save for an idiot, and we don't need to cater to such folks...Seriously, giving yourself "totally" to your spouse simply means to not withhold something selfishly for yourself, context is the key here, just like w/the interpretation of scripture.
This makes no sense as two sentence previous St. Paul explains that wives should obey God. Please explain how one can give himself totally to his wife physically and personally.
Once again, I am not talking about anyone getting confused. I am talking about a certain phrase, which is a part of the bigger picture. I am honing in on the phrase in to better understand it. Again: I am not arguing someone is confused. I am not arguing that this phrase alone is causing issues. I am focusing on this phrase because it is a part of a bigger theological structure of language and presentation, which as a whole is problematic.
Seriously, giving yourself "totally" to your spouse simply means to not withhold something selfishly for yourself, context is the key here, just like w/the interpretation of scripture.
So "total" does not mean "total?" It is one thing to not withhold, it is an entirely different thing to give totally. One can only give themselves totally to God as He is the only being that can incorporate a person totally into Himself. I cannot do this with my wife. So, my point all along: drop the word "total."
Have you tried reading the phrase in a way that it is strongly tied to the context?
Yes, of course. And "total" should be dropped. There is no need for it, and it makes no sense.
Second, the Scripture is clear where we must love God with our whole heart and being, and then our neighbor as ourselves. We love others as ourselves, because God is our primary object of love, because we cannot love ourselves more than God.
From our Lord's words referred to above, it has already been implied that this complete renunciation of marriage frees men from its grave duties and obligations. Writing by divine inspiration, the Apostle of the Gentiles proposes the reason for this freedom in these words: "And I would have you to be without solicitude. . . But he that is with a wife, is solicitous for the things of the world, how he may please his wife; and he is divided." Here however it must be noted that the Apostle is not reproving men because they are concerned about their wives, nor does he reprehend wives because they seek to please their husbands; rather is he asserting clearly that their hearts are divided between love of God and love of their spouse, and beset by gnawing cares, and so by reason of the duties of their married state they can hardly be free to contemplate the divine.
Hence, if a man can be divided (not in a bad sense), then he cannot give himself "totally" to his spouse.
I get what you are saying, but since there is no confusion on this issue, why is it so important to change it?
It a part of the larger picture, a key component in muddying of the waters.
Concupiscence is generally not considered as well as the desire for the other in the martial act, even if not sinful. There is probably a lot of couples who are under concupiscence, or rather, they have not yet overcome this. If there is a total self-gift then where does physical desire or even the provocation of the lower passion fall into this? It does not seem feasible to be a "total self-gift" if there is a component of physical desire; e.g. the husband, while wishing pleasure for his wife, in the context of being open to life, simultaneously desires to obtain pleasure of the act as well. This is not a total self-gift as there is always an element of desire. Part of the secondary purpose of marriage (or sometimes the tetrarchy purpose) is the relief of concupiscence. Unless there is some kind of evidence that the majority of couples in a sacramental marriage never have a wish for sexual pleasure for themselves, I am not sure how "total self-gift" makes much sense. Result: there is less talk about the relief of concupiscence as a proper end of marriage.
Further, it can sometimes be derived from recent documents that the primary goal of the family is procreation, albeit its sometimes ambiguous. This truth of this has deteriorated over the course of the last half century, this is due in part to the mudding of waters, but I would also say due to the over personalization of the conjugal act. The "total self-gift" is paralleled with Christ's total-self-sacrifice on the cross. The couple, therefore, in giving themselves "total" in a personal and physical sense are told they achieve a level of love and intimacy that reflects sacrificial agape love to its highest decree, e.g. the loss of life. This point is pushed rather hard, and the wonderful effects of the primary end, procreation, are unintentionally moved to the backburner.
Conjugal love then becomes the all-encompassing reason for marriage. And within this all-encompassing reason procreation is deemed to be "fundamental," "the crown," or "the fruit." Whereas, in Catholic teaching, procreation is primary and conjugal love and mutual help of the spouse is secondary and is subject to procreation, i.e. conjugal love serves procreation. Present day books, talks, lectures, articles, etc. on marriage appear to be about man and women, joined together, self-gift etc. Procreation, the primary end, is relegated to a status of lesser importance, equal value, or the most important aspect in serving conjugal love as being it's main fruit. Everything is now built about a foundation of total self-gift of conjugal love. From there, everything else is linked to it, including procreation. This is upside down. Marriage should be built upon the foundation of procreation, where conjugal loves serves procreation as subordinate to it.


Roof leaks are a common but costly problem that can be a real pain not only for property owners but for roofing contractors as well. Even the most determined do-it-yourself owner or the most experienced contractor will often struggle to find the source of a leak because water moves. That's right, the source of a leak and its entry point into your home or building are not necessarily obviously linked. And while roof leaks are going to happen over time, there are things you can do to prevent leaks and limit the time and cost associated with fixing these leaks.
A regular roof maintenance program is just as important as maintaining the other aspects of your home including the furnace, landscaping, and everything in between. After your roof is installed, a yearly maintenance and inspection program helps to ensure that your roof stays in the best possible condition throughout its lifespan. So, let's look at some roof maintenance tips that make up a comprehensive maintenance program.
Regular roofing inspections are the main component of any maintenance program. And while the inspection will focus on your roof itself, your roofing contractor will also inspect the roof from ground level to look for signs of damage. S/he should also ask if extreme weather has potentially caused damage because of falling debris or trees and whether you've had any recent satellite or cable work. They should also ask if there are any interior signs of a leak.
Nevertheless, once the actual roof inspection begins, your contractor will climb up onto the roof and have a closer look. First, they'll check any fixtures, penetrations, or installations on the roof to check for signs of damage. Chimneys are among the most common sources for leaks and your contractor will inspect flashings and ensure the chimney is sealed properly. In addition to chimneys, skylights are a common leak source when water gets trapped behind them. Again, your contractor should inspect the flashing and seal and ensure the skylight is not leaking. Likewise, plumbing vents are a common fixture on roofs and need to be inspected.
Your roofer will also inspect the drip edge of your home to ensure water is not damaging fascia. Eaves are a common leak source and a missing drip edge can be a major cause of wood rot. Drip edges also prevent insects, rodents, and other small animals from entering your home. Next you want to ensure your dormers and roof-to-wall transitions are inspected and properly sealed. Gutters are also important and should be regularly inspected to ensure they are sloped properly and clear of debris.
Finally, a proper roofing inspection should include inspecting the interior of your home, especially in the attic. Your roofer will inspect your attic to look for signs of leaks such as algae or mold stains, damp or wet insulation, rust or black rings around nails, and other signs that condensation is forming in the attic.
Your roof is arguably the most important structural component of your home, so take care of it. Regular inspections from a qualified professional can extend the life of your roof considerably and save you money over the long term.


The Ratnest: So...Communism doesn't work?
Havana -- Cuba's communist leaders have already determined what soon-to-be-dismissed workers should do after they get pink slips in sweeping government layoffs, detailing a plan for them to raise rabbits, paint buildings, make bricks, collect garbage and pilot ferries across Havana's bay.
Many of the workers tossed from state jobs into the marketplace could see their new enterprises fail within a year, officials acknowledge.


If you have never heard of this technique here's a quick step by step to get you on your way. The results really do look like flannel and make your card front super soft!
Just a note to let you know that new items have been added to the Clearance Rack in the last couple of days. If your interested in checking it out, click the button at the top left sidebar and it will take you directly there.


text:
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namespace Application\Model;

class Role implements RoleInterface
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	/**
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	 * @var int
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	protected $id;

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	protected $name;

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We are engaged in offering a superior quality range of Z22 Preparator. Our provided products are manufactured under the direction of vendor's skilled professionals as per the international quality standards using avant-garde technology. We provide these products on numerous specifications to choose from. These products are stringently checked on various quality parameters before supplying at customer's end.
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Looking for Automatic Splicer Spares ?


A haunting icon and meditation of today's nerve-wrecked urban humanity, this photo series depict the desperate need to stay afloat -- at all cost. A sense of paranoia pervades; even as the human figures tread on invisible waters in a pool three feet deep, constantly struggling to stay afloat, head above waters. Like them, we also strive ceaselessly to meet the high-water mark of society's expectations. In turn, these too have become the fatal waters we tread upon.
In the video presentation, there is no water in the pool; and therefore no possibility of drowning. But the humans have failed to grasp the obvious, instead they gasp for air. Like a fish out of water, they flounder about in fear of asphyxiation.
A paradox of our human condition surfaces when the photo series is juxtaposed with the video. Overwhelmed by the waters, we fear drowning (photo series). Out of the waters, we gasp for breath - dying (video). Yet in spite of this fear of the future, there lies within us a drive to tread waters - symbolising a remnant of hope to envisage for ourselves a beautiful end.


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About the Estes Park Events Complex
The Estes Park Events Complex is owned by the Town of Estes Park. It is operated by the Events Division of the Community Services Department, and consists of multiple venues and staff members. A majority of our staff works out of the Events Complex office in the newly-constructed Event Center. This building, which includes the silo, is on the same property as the grandstands and equine facilities.
In addition to all venues on this property, our staff also coordinates events occurring at Bond Park, Performance Park, Baldwin Park, and the George Hix Riverside Plaza, all of which are located in or near downtown Estes Park.
Our team is responsible for coordinating several Town-sponsored, "Signature Events" such as Elk Fest and Winter Festival. We also work with event organizers to help them plan and host their events at our venues.
Tranquil Estes Park, Nestled in the Rockies
Located just 90 minutes northwest of Denver, our quaint mountain village is an alpine oasis of natural wonder, outdoor recreation, and postcard-worthy scenery. All this makes Estes Park Village the most popular place for a mountain vacation in Colorado. From skiing and snowshoeing, to fishing, hiking, horseback riding, and wildlife watching, it's all right here.
William Byers, editor of the Rocky Mountain News, first applied the name "Estes Park" to the area in honor of Joel Estes. Arriving in 1859, Estes settled here with his family to raise cattle until 1866 when he moved to seek a more favorable climate.
The Homestead Act of 1862 offered up to 160 acres of land for the cost of filing the paperwork if a house was constructed and the property was labored upon. In the 1870s, surveys of Estes Park brought homesteaders to the area who attempted farming, ranching, logging and mining. Most of the early ranchers (Evans, MacGregor, James, and Sprague) found it more profitable to become proprietors to the growing number of visitors in the area as words of beauty and adventure reached all the way to Europe.
After the 1905 platting of downtown Estes Park, the village thrived and set ground for much of what the town looks like today. Access to the area was vastly increased with the road improvements funded by the Stanley Hotel owner, F.O. Stanley, and the natural surroundings would be protected for posterity with the dedication of Rocky Mountain National Park in 1915. The incorporation of the Town in 1917 formed a local government that regulated large projects like the Colorado-Big Thompson Project in the 1940s and the formation of Lake Estes in 1949, and helped Estes Park recover from disasters such as the Big Thompson Flood of 1976 and Lawn Lake Flood of 1982.
Minutes from World-Famous Rocky Mountain National Park
The low-key charm of Estes Park marries seamlessly with the sprawling wonder of this pristine park, boasting 415 miles of picturesque wilderness. Less than 15 minutes outside of town, it's the untainted heart of every Rocky Mountain getaway.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import React from 'react'
import Helmet from 'react-helmet'
import Layout from '../components/layout'
import ExternalLink from '../components/external-link'

const JWT = () => (
  <Layout>

      <Helmet>
        <meta name="og:title" content="Resources from Sid's JWT talk" />
        <meta name="og:url" content="https://sid.studio/uses" />
      </Helmet>
      ⬅ home

          Getting started with JWT

            <ExternalLink href="https://jwt.io">jwt.io</ExternalLink>

          JWT handbook

            <ExternalLink href="https://auth0.com/resources/ebooks/jwt-handbook">
              auth0.com/resources/ebooks/jwt-handbook
            </ExternalLink>

          Slides

            <ExternalLink href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1S4G6gmw9tHjdty_2q18xR9tZkkdRaU7dJFkD4kt7g7E/edit?usp=sharing">
              Google drive link
            </ExternalLink>

          Follow me on twitter?

            <ExternalLink href="https://twitter.com/siddharthkp">@siddharthkp</ExternalLink>

          More about me:

            <ExternalLink href="https://sid.studio">sid.studio</ExternalLink>

  </Layout>
)
export default JWT


Our exit up left 444 sign is especially helpful to occupants who may not be fully familiar with the layout of your building. The sign informs them that the nearest exit is to be found by heading up and then turning left. To pass this message, the sign features a symbol of a running man, the symbol of an arrow pointing in the direction of the exit, and the word "exit" in a large clear font. To enhance the sign's visibility, the symbols and the text are white set against a green background.
Manufactured in the UK by Jalite, the sign is special AAA photoluminescent. As such, the sign glows in the dark to remain visible in all lighting situations. The exit up left 444 sign is made from highly durable plastic. Easily fixed using simple sticky pads or double-sided tape, this sign is available in a variety of size options.


6 pockets on the chest pack and 4 pockets on the backpack.
Fishing Complete Chest Pack designed for itinerant anglers who need plenty of storage space.
The number of available storage pockets enables you to take plenty of equipment to the waterside. You can also use the front storage pockets without the backpack.
The chest pack can be used with or without the backpack.
Zipper tabs for easy opening and closing.


text:
» Route 422 Business Advisor
I Pick Pottstown — A Vehicle to Tell the Story
Submitted by Peggy Lee-Clark Wed, 08/29/2018 - 23:22
What do leaders do when they know there is a positive story to be told? They collaborate with one another and hire a professional.
The issue for business leaders and stakeholders in the Borough of Pottstown was not that there was lack of economic growth, albeit there is still need for more. It was the fact that we were talking amongst ourselves about all the momentum that we saw. We needed to expand our message to the outside world to encourage other businesses to join in that momentum. So, in the spring of 2017, an RFP for Pro Bono marketing strategy work was put out and Todd Palmer of VFC (formerly Virtual Farm Creative) answered the call. He presented the idea of using "I Pick Pottstown, Pioneers of the Good Life" as a tag line, along with an overview of how the group might tell our story. Several of the leaders present at that meeting stepped up, without hesitation, and agreed to provide seed money to fund the launch of the campaign. It was decided that Pottstown Area Industrial Development (PAID) should coordinate the effort and would serve as the fiscal agent.
We started by wearing our "I Pick Pottstown" buttons and hanging posters in the windows of our downtown. A website was created — www.ipickpottstown.com. PAID's Facebook Page and Twitter Feed were used initially to let people know about the campaign and are now being used to push out positive messaging. In the fall of 2017, video vignettes were produced featuring individuals answering the question as to why they had "picked" Pottstown. And on a beautiful sunny day in October business people, citizens, elected officials, and school mascots all wearing "I Pick Pottstown, Pioneers of the Good Life" t-shirts met at the corners of High and Hanover Streets to be part of the first I Pick Pottstown promotional video.
I'll admit it was not perfect at first. Some people not involved in the effort did not understand who the target audience was, and we learned how we could improve and be more inclusive from feedback we received along the way. However, the campaign has successfully done what it was supposed to do. There is now a coordinated platform to encourage and celebrate economic development within the Borough of Pottstown.
There is strong evidence that Pottstown is getting the recognition it deserves as a great place to operate a business, live and visit. We are experiencing more participants with our social media posts, and the comments are positive. When I'm at meetings and gatherings outside of the Borough, people are commenting on the campaign and are impressed about what is going on in Pottstown.
The work continues. We have transitioned a stakeholder group once responsible for e-zine content to an advisory committee to keep the messaging current. Look for banners and posters in additional locations by year's end. We intend to create videos highlighting business locations, other physical assets and business leaders throughout the Borough in 2019.
Those of us who work and/or live in Pottstown already know what makes Pottstown special. We want the rest of the world to know too!
Contact Peggy Lee-Clark at 610.326.2900 or pleeclark@paidinc.org to learn how you can invest in the "I Pick Pottstown" Campaign for $10 — you'll also receive I Pick Pottstown Swag!
Route 422 Business Advisor


text:
Surya Bonaly: Figure Skating in a league of her own
As the Winter Olympics continue, I'm reminded of the exquisite greatness of World Class Figure Skater Surya Bonaly. The world has never seen a skater like her because she created a league of her own.
She won nine national titles in France, three World silver medals, five European championships, and more.
Photo: Francesco Cavallari
Most notably, she created, and is the only figure skater to do the "Bonaly," a backflip where she lands on only one blade. For folks who just can't seem to get their history right, the backflip was already ruled as an illegal move, but in an effort to fully express her creativity and leave a trademark move in her sport, Surya adjusted the backflip to actually align with the International Skating Union's rules – that all jumps have to land on one blade – by landing on one foot. Although many other skaters were allowed to perform and establish trademark moves, the ISU refused to officially recognize the "Bonaly" by also ruling her version of the backflip illegal.
During her competitive years, she faced a significant amount of body shaming, disdain for her dazzling costumes and makeup, discriminatory scoring that cost her medals and championships and blatant antagonization in an attempt to make her quit figure skating altogether (seen in the video below).
In typical LOUD Girl fashion, and rightfully so, she threw a middle finger to the establishment by continuing to express her creativity in skating, while simultaneously spotlighting – on the world stage – unfair scoring practices by figure skating judges.
During the 1994 World Figure Skating Championships, she courageously rejected being awarded a silver medal, when she knew she deserved gold. She definitely has the highest marks of a LOUD Girl!
Working from Home... LOUD Girl Hacks
Whenever Wherever Whatever
LOUD Girl Movement revisits "The dangers of a single story" by Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie


This consortium has a whole load of car manufacturers in it trying to create a decentralised network of road cars which beam each other driving information using 802.11 built in networks. The idea is to beam information about driving conditions, accidents, traffic jams, etc to cars within a few hundred metres.
Nice idea, but how are you going to limit the spread of messages between cars from the point of interest and limit the flow of conversation? Another one, considering the ease of hacking any 802.11, is how are you going to stop people with laptops from clearing roads for themselves by injecting "road closed for construction" messages into the network from a whole host of fictitious cars?


text:
Navy renders assistance to fishermen of distressed local fishing vessel at sea
Sri Lanka Navy coordinated the arrangements to bring ashore 05 fishermen, rescued by MV LGC Periklis (IMO 9796171), to the Galle Harbour. The fishermen were in distress as their multiday fishing trawler 'Asela Putha II' had capsized due to adverse weather in seas southwestern of Sri Lanka. Having transferred the fishermen ashore, the Navy rushed them to the Karapitiya Hospital, Galle for medical attention (08th January 2022).
The multiday fishing trawler 'Asela Putha II' (Reg. No. IMUL-A-0635 KLT) left the Beruwala Fishery Harbour for fishing on 04th November 2021, with 06 fishermen. As there was no information about this fishing trawler after 01st January 2022, the Beruwala Police and the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources turned to the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC Colombo) at the Navy Headquarters for assistance on 04th and 05th January, to inquire whether it was in any danger. Promptly responding to the request for assistance, the Navy alerted the MRCCs in India and Maldives to watch over the missing Sri Lankan multiday fishing trawler.
Meanwhile, the Captain of the MV LGC Periklis (IMO 9796171) sailing to the Port Blair of India via Maldivian waters off the southwestern coast of Sri Lanka, disseminated a message to the MRCC Colombo about the distressed Sri Lankan fishing trawler 'Asela Putha II' in the morning of 07th January. The ship's Captain has further indicated that 05 fishermen of the local fishing trawler, which had capsized due to adverse weather in Maldivian waters about 332 nautical miles (about 614 km) southwestern of Galle, has been rescued and being brought to Galle and one fisherman is missing in the accident.
Accordingly, the rescued fishermen were brought to Galle this evening by MV LGC Periklis where P 107 Coastal Patrol Craft attached to the Southern Naval Command transferred them ashore in accordance with COVID-19 protocols. Subsequently, the fishermen were rushed to Karapitiya Hospital, Galle for medical attention.
The MRCC Colombo has requested the MRCC Maldives to carry out onward action with regard to the search of the missing fisherman. The Captain of MV LGC Periklis has also informed the MRCC Maldives in the same regard, based on information received from the rescued fishermen.
Meanwhile, Sri Lanka Navy remains vigilant and committed at all times to assist naval and fishing communities victimized by unexpected hazards at sea.
« Outgoing Commander, FMA North - Central Thanks Commander for Support Foreign Minister Prof. G. L. Peiris meets Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education of the Republic of Korea in Seoul »


The ammonia product is recovered in a liquid or gaseous form, depending on whether it will be sold as is or converted further to other products.
The urea contains a mixture of unreacted NH3 and CO2. As the pressure is reduced and heat is applied, the ammonium carbamate decomposes to NH3 and CO2, which are recycled to produce more ammonium carbamate. The urea solution is concentrated and then granulated for use as fertilizer.


Make room in your denim collection for the Rocco Skinny Jean. Designed in our popular skinny fit, this everyday jean for men features natural fading, tying, and light grinding details. Finished with two-tone tonal stitching, clean hardware, and subtle horseshoe stitching across back flap pockets. A must-have for every closet.
SKINNY Front Rise: 10" Back Rise: 14 3/4" Inseam: 34" Leg Opening: 14 1/2"


The poll I put up to find out about interest in a Richard Armitage online fan event had gotten a healthy response by Saturday night when it closed. The next day I received notes from people who wanted to participate. I told them to go ahead. Then on Monday and today there were more.
I've had a hard time turning those people away because I think the more the merrier, and since we're not in a race to solve world hunger or cure cancer, there was no need to break it off in people who may not have known about the poll in time or who forgot it. I suspect most of you are going to be participating in your spare time, so don't sweat that you didn't make the poll. I just extended it. Plus, almost all of the answers regarding when to hold the event do not include February, and I doubt we're going to get a rash of people wanting that month at this point which means there are a few more days to find out what others think.
But when next Saturday comes, it will be done; otherwise, this thing could go on and on and on. And I know some of you organizers are anxious to get started. Note to you coming up shortly with a heads up on what I'm seeing so far in the answers to the poll.
For those just stumbling on this, you can find more information here and here.
Is it just me, or was January about two days long? I have been a bit busy. How about you? Yeah, I hear you.
But before this month ends, just a reminder to those of you who are interested in FanstRAvaganza, a Richard Armitage blogging event, or a Richard Armitage Web Event, or Richard Armitage week on the web, or whatever we end up calling this thing, there is one more day to give me some input via this survey. Thank you if you have already shared your thoughts.
To those who are still thinking about it, I know you're busy. We all are! But you know you want to take a quick break and do something fun.
And that's what an "event" would be, or at least rewarding in some way. Maybe you are overflowing with thoughts and need to express them through writing, or drawing or music, etc., or maybe you just want to get something off your chest. Whatever the case may be, I hope you join the rest of us who want to celebrate or bask, or however some describe it, and you can start by giving some input about how the event would work best for you.
I'll have the results of the survey on Monday and will send a note to those who expressed interest in organizing. Yes, I was going to do that earlier, but I'm glad I waited as a couple of others have volunteered, and that just means I will send the note once.
In case you missed it, here's the link to the survey.
No more than 30 minutes after I published my last post on this subject I had over a dozen communications from people who are interested in this event. Wow. That's a good sign.
With those communications have come questions and comments. Mostly people are wanting to know how it was done in the past and how it should go in the future. I can speak to the past as much as I remember, but all I can say about the future are just my opinions.
How this went in the past is there was one person who coordinated, but a committee (don't let your eyes glaze over when I say that) came up with a theme and a framework for how the event would proceed in a given year. This seemed to work well. What was really helpful was various people brought various skill sets to the event and everyone working together was the key to success. The coordinator of the event kept track of that, so there was not duplication of effort or no efforts in a given area. All of that sounds like work, but I think it really is up to the committee to decide how elaborate or how free form an event can be and thereby how much coordination is needed.
As I said in the last post on this subject, I would love to see the spirit of community manifesting in this event. For me, this is the biggest consideration in being involved. In order to see that happening, it's imperative that the many facets of the fandom be included. This was the aspiration in the past, and today, seems to be more warranted than ever. In order to achieve it, this means bloggers and guest bloggers who cover subjects from vanilla to blue should be part of the event. The truth is we have a diverse fan community. Why hide that? I say let the truth will out that we're not all in lock step on who we are and what we like. This should not be a problem to embrace unless one group wants to eclipse the others. Surely we can rise above that kind of behavior.
One consideration with respect to making it an open community is possibly having a policy statement. I'm thinking something along the lines of "the community is open but discourages the promotion of self-harm." A committee could come up with something much more thought out than this, but I hope any statement would remain broad enough to be inclusive and restrictive enough to head off some potentially explosive situations. Another consideration is providing a courtesy to readers possibly in the form of tagging posts so the reader knows if he/she is about to click on something he/she would rather not. There are ways to handle this so it's clear, and a committee could easily hash this out as well.
But the first order of business is to merely find out how much interest there is, what time of year is best for most, and perhaps getting an idea of how long to run the event. Most important: when pondering these items and envisioning the event as you would like to see it, please remember we do not have to do this as it's been done in the past. It can be changed, but if you want to keep it the same, that's fine too. There is no law that says it has to be done this way or that. It's really up to all of you to figure out how you want it.
In that interest, I have a poll here.
EDIT: Some Qs&As are here.
So is FanstRAvaganza Still Alive?
For four years the Richard Armitage blogosphere held an event in March called FanstRAvaganza, and many of us had a really great time participating. But last year there was no FanstRAvaganza. Hopefully that was just a respite and the blogosphere can and will do something in future. And perhaps it doesn't have to be in March or be called FanstRAvaganza but can be another blogging event. It would just be great to do something as a community if possible. I hope the spirit of community that was originally in the FanstRA event doesn't pass away completely and someone can breathe some life into it in the near future.
In the meantime, there is a Facebook page, a Twitter id and a website called FanstRAvaganza if someone is inclined to take it on. That will mean the parties who set up those three accounts will have to be approached, Luckily, I set up two of them, and I'm really easy to deal with because I don't want to control anything other than to see us come together as community in a way that would be fun and appealing to a large cross-section of fans.
The only advice I would give in order to effect this is that there probably should be a group to run things instead of one person running all of it. It's a drain on a single individual. It's also difficult for the vision of one person to facilitate community since we have such a multifaceted fandom. I could be wrong about this and there's a dynamo out there who's all seeing and all knowing, but I doubt it. LOL! It's also been my experience that someone who does have a knack for managing people and events will welcome a group's input to the process.
Whatever happens, I would love to see us all come together.
edit: I'm getting all sorts of comments and questions, and it's good stuff. I'm in the process of writing a post to cover what's being said. I will also put the link here when I'm done.
second edit: follow-on post is here.
This is a follow-on to my last post with a proposal for a spontaneous FanstRAvaganza to begin on Monday with a theme of "I Saw Something Fine." My thinking was to have a literal tide of posts that are conveying in cyber world what it is that made so many of us ardent fans. I'm going to further suggest we make this really easy, and that there are no rules other than to focus on something you think is fine in relation to Richard Armitage.
1) Aggregate (aka curate) the posts by categories on Fanstra.com. Hopefully, it will be a magazine style. I'm working on that now. As to tags, I or someone(s) can come up with the tag names. I hope someone will take this up, but I'll do it if no one wants to. If you want your site included in the aggregation, then let me know via email if possible. That way I won't miss a request. If you would, put Fanstra in the subject line.
2) Provide badges for people to place on their sites. They can be housed on a page on the Fanstra site for a blogger to save and load to their site. Given this, I'm making a call to all of the wonderful artists out there to provide both badges and/or banners (whatever you want to do) for people to use. The badges should be square or a vertical strip. Banners should be large enough that they can go across the entire top of a page without being blurry. If you want to submit for placement on the Fanstra site, send it to me. If you don't, no biggie. Just do one and pass it around. Whatever is done, it would be great to have badges and banners of some sort, but we do not have to have the same graphic on every site. However, to show solidarity, it would be helpful if we had the same verbiage. Hopefully they would all have FanstRAvaganza 2014 or Fanstra 2014 and perhaps a tagline about "Something Fine," "I Saw Something Fine." I leave that to your discretion.
3) If you don't have all of this together by Monday, don't sweat it. This is supposed to be fun and a celebration of Richard Armitage, his artistry and what that inspires. So just do a post and/or a badge or whatever sometime in the next several days if possible. Which brings me to a point I meant to make in the first post. Can we run this thing longer than a week? I think we could, 'cause I think it can gain some legs. Should it go on and on? I'm not thinking it's perpetual, but it depends on who gets on board and then pushes it. If some of you feel strongly that it should have a definite end, then say so. Say whatever about it 'cause I'm really hard to offend.
All I ask is that you speak up about what you want to see, and I'm thinking about the Fanstra site when I say that. Other than that, everyone is free to do what they want!
That's all I've got for now. Off to get with Traxy to figure out about the FanstRA site.
I've asked myself many times why I entered Richard Armitage Fandom, Armitage World, or RA Universe as I think of it. And the answer is always the same. I saw a man convey thoughts and feelings in a manner that captured my attention so well that it resonated with me for almost a year before I actually began to put my foot in the waters of fandom.
I've been thinking about this a lot for the last year, and I was thinking about FanstRAvaganza yesterday and the essence of it — a celebration of Richard Armitage, and I'm going to propose something.
a) That we spontaneously hold a FanstRAvaganza Flash Fan Event starting Monday. This gives us a chance to pull thoughts together but not so long that it won't stay organic and fresh.
b) That we use this as a way to show our solidarity as a group. Does that mean we all have to be in lock step? No, that would be dull. But to have some basis for unity, I'm suggesting we rally around this theme: I Saw Something Fine.
c) In keeping with the subject, that we answer at least two questions: 1) What did I see? 2) How did it move me? Of course people can go on as long as they like. Some of us have even devoted an entire blog to answering those questions. But I think we can boil it down to a post or two. Also, if anyone wants to start a blog (doesn't have to be devoted to Richard Armitage) to participate, I'll help you, or I can find someone to help you. If you don't want to start a blog and want to just post your thoughts in the blogosphere, I'm willing to run guest posts, and I'm sure other bloggers will be as well.
d) That we aggregate the posts on the Fanstra site. And let me say this about the process, CDoart has done a wonderful job with that in the past. We all owe her a great thank you for keeping track of everything. Thank you! Thank you! CDoart! But to keep her from pulling her hair out on such short notice, I'm suggesting we do it on the Fanstra site. Several of us are very conversant in the fine points of the technical aspects of WordPress, and I believe we can hit the ground running. This could be a campaign to promote participation in FanstRAvaganza in March.
So if you're interested, let me know! Comment, catch me on Twitter or Facebook, or email: rafrenzyATgmailDOTcom.
Based on comments, messages and email, I understand there is a healthy interest in doing FanstRAvaganza in March, and a significant number believe doing something now will kill that. I hear that, so we're making this something different. A Flash Fan Event seems to be the favorite, and I think a post that strictly covers the topic, I Saw Something Fine with the two questions being answered, would be enough to refocus us on why we're here and encourage us as well. Since my initial thought was to encourage, I think that's all this should be. Given that this is a refocus, I think it's entirely appropriate to highlight previously published posts as well.
With regard to the badges, people have contacted me about making them, so they're coming, and they will include the words I Saw Something Fine. I'll post them as soon as I get them. As for how I'm using them on my blog, I'll be placing at least one at a time with an embed to the post or posts which I've written or hosted that are especially good at reminding me what I saw that is so enthralling. This is what some others were thinking in making this something more than a week, but the initial posts should be during one week in order to make it a flash event. If anyone needs some help with manipulating the sidebars of their blog (whether on WordPress or Blogger), I'll be glad to help you.
So bottom line: strike the word FanstRAvaganza from this and make it a Flash Fan Event which refocuses on the topic and using badges to direct people to posts if they do not read it at the time it's first published.


text:
September 19, 2022 October 11, 2022 Catwyton
Becky Bloom doesn't want to go to sleep. She's had terrible nightmares all week. So, instead, she heads out into town to try and do some good; make up for all the years of terrible things she's done. 2,460 words.
mentions of violence and trauma
Becky didn't want to sleep.
She'd had nightmares, every single night this week. And tonight she just… couldn't bring herself to lay down and suffer through them again.
All she seemed able to do was sit at the end of her bed and stare at her old cheerleader baton.
Something so simple. From a time that shouldn't have felt so long ago.
Just a few years ago….
Becky examined the surface, running her hand along the notches she'd scratched into the baton and filled in with nail polished.
Five yellow lines, for noses she'd broken.
Three pink, for times she'd gone out on the field and joined in a fight between the teams.
Two green, for when she'd deliberately knocked over the cheerleading tower and successfully blamed it on Madilynne….
It hurt, how simple things felt back then.
Becky let out a long sigh and stood up, making her way to her bedside table and searching it for her makeup box.
She took out her nail file and two bottles of nail polish, and scratched in a new set of notches.
Two red lines, for the two people she'd killed.
And seven blue ones, for each time she'd fought to save someone.
The incident with Romero attacking her friends, Zombi and the music festival, Portia in the drug den, the vampires at the formal, Danny Hitchcock's kidnapping, the cult who took Malinka, and Guillmero targeting Jezzibeth….
It was no wonder she was so stressed. That was… an incident every month since the start of the school year!
She waited a moment for the nail polish to dry before slipping the baton into her bag of holding and making for the window.
If she wasn't going to sleep, she might as well go out and do something productive.
It was 12:05, so… she was allowed to worry about the town's safety.
She could go keep an eye out for things that seemed off or wrong. Like some sort of… neighbourhood watch.
But not like the town's actual neighbourhood watch, who just gossiped and sat on their butts all night.
She would go out and patrol and help people and prevent things from happening.
Becky's feet hit the ground with a light thwump, and she scanned the window under her own quickly to make sure she hadn't made enough noise to alert anyone to her leaving.
She could see that someone was awake; a few windows down there was a flickering light.
The TV, most likely…. She'd have to sneak past the lounge room window carefully….
Quietly, ducking her head so she'd be harder to see, Becky began to sneak by the window.
It was her father, with Don perched comfortably on his shoulder as he watched….
Becky let out a sigh.
He was watching the fireplace app.
At the sound of Becky's sigh, Don's head turned backwards and he watched Becky curiously.
Becky made a quick motion, telling the mimic to be quiet— But he let out a chirp, which got Ken's attention.
'Hm? Don? What is it?'
Ken started to turn, and Becky held her breath….
Then Don stood to attention, and gave Becky the smartest, most knowing look she'd ever seen on the animal before.
He flopped off Ken's shoulder with a loud honk and landed on the floor with an audible thump.
It was the distraction Becky needed. As Ken hurriedly reached down to help Don, Becky ran the rest of the way past the window and into the street.
Thanks, Don, she thought to herself as she adjusted her mask and pulled her mimic hoodie tight around herself. She'd have to spoil him tomorrow.
Becky let out a long, relieved breath, and headed for the park.
It had been a little over an hour, and Becky thought that coming out into town had been a very good idea.
It was garbage day tomorrow. Which meant there was a lot of animal activity, at least.
Crows had pulled rubbish out of overfilled bins, so she'd picked that up. As well as the bin that had been completely knocked over and spilled onto the road. And there was a raccoon that had gotten trapped in a dumpster— She'd given him a hand getting out.
And she'd untangled a bat from some garden netting. And moved a kid's bike out of the road and onto the sidewalk. And moved away some sticks and leaf-litter that had gathered at the bottom of the curb-cut by the preschool.
She wasn't sure if anyone would actually notice the little things she'd been doing all night, but that was okay. She wasn't looking for thanks; she was fixing things just to know that things would be a little easier for someone else, tomorrow.
Nothing seemed too wrong, though. Which was a relief.
After everything that had been happening in town, and the looming threat of more to come, Becky thought it was good to see that things were mostly-normal. Even if only for a little while.
She might come out again tomorrow; there was a set of stairs that's bottom step could use a good whack back into place to make it more stable. But she didn't have anything to whack it with, tonight.
She could also—
Ooh, lemons!
Becky's ears twitched as she came to a bowl of lemons sitting by someone's front gate. They had a sign saying they were free, too!
Becky picked up one of the lemons, examining it carefully.
It was a good-looking lemon!
Don't mind if I do… she thought, slipping it into her bag. Hmm….
Becky paused for a moment, hesitating to zip up her bag.
She should say thank you, somehow. Shouldn't she?
Hm… ah! She had a sharpie! She could use that, and write on the sign saying "free"!
And that's just what she did; she wrote "Thank U!" on the sign, with a little heart next to it. Just so the person who left the lemons out knew they were appreciated.
Becky put her hands in her pockets as she quickly hurried on from the free lemons, and looked around.
Ah! She knew where she was. She was near Jezzibeth's house—
Jezzibeth.
Her heart sunk as she thought about her friend, and all the drama that had happened to her this month.
It wasn't fair; Jezzibeth was the kindest, sweetest, most loving person she knew, and she didn't deserve anything that happened to her. She didn't…..
Becky took a deep breath, and paused.
Hold on.
Wait a minute.
What was the time?
Becky checked her phone.
1:50am.
Ah. That was okay, then.
It wasn't two yet.
She still had ten more minutes to be miserable.
Where was she, again?
Jezzibeth didn't deserve anything that had happened to her! Jezzibeth was the kindest, sweetest, and most loving person Becky had ever met, and it wasn't fair that Guillmero had gone out of his way to hurt her like that!
Guillmero had gone out of his way to hurt a lot of people.
And then… Becky had gone out of her way to hurt him….
But she didn't really feel like she had a choice, did she?
Guillmero was doing so much harm….
Malinka had said it was the adrenaline that got them through the fight.
And Becky wasn't surprised. She knew about adrenaline; she'd practically lived for it, just a few years ago. It was like a miracle drug….
Becky sighed.
It was good to know she wasn't the only one who felt like this.
She hated knowing Malinka was having a hard time, too, but it was a relief to know she wasn't completely alone.
She should probably check in on the girls and Adam, too….
After all, it was a horrible feeling. Having to kill to survive.
She wouldn't wish that sort of horror on anyone….
But times were getting harder, and it seemed that violence was inevitable.
So… she would take that burden for herself.
She would protect this town.
And the people in it.
And she would do what needed to be done, so that they didn't have to.
Ugh, another bin knocked over!
Becky bent down, straightening the bin, and began to pick up the rubbish that had spilled out—
Headlights shone brightly behind Becky, and she flinched as a car pulled up just behind her.
'Rebecca?' called a familiar voice, and Becky whirled around to see Officer Jackie with his head out the window. 'Rebecca, what are you doing out here?' he asked. 'Please— Don't run! I just want to talk.'
Becky took a step towards his car, opening her mouth… but nothing came out.
I'm fine, just on a walk.
She tried to force the words out. But all that came out was a squeak.
Jackie's eyes softened, then, and he leant over and opened the passenger side door. 'Come on,' he said, gently. 'It's alright. I'll take you home. Save you some walking, hm?'
Slowly, hesitantly, Becky climbed into the car with Jackie.
'There we go,' he mumbled, offering her a friendly nod and some hand sanitiser. 'Are you alright?'
Becky returned Jackie's nod, and rubbed the sanitiser into her hands.
She was mostly fine.
'You weren't running off to try and live in the woods again, were you?' he asked, his concern clear in his voice.
'Just out on another night walk, then?'
Becky gave a nod.
'It's not safe to be out on your own, Rebecca,' he told her, sighing and starting the car slowly down the road. 'You know that.'
The tires ground against the wet asphalt with a sound that sent a tingle up Becky's back as she gave a loud huff, and turned away.
Of course she knew it was dangerous.
That's why she was out here.
'Rebecca,' Jackie groaned. 'Rebecca, look at me.'
Becky didn't. She just stared out the car window at the passing streetlights and crossed her arms to pout.
Jackie didn't understand.
He couldn't understand!
She was trying to keep people safe, just like— Just… like he was.
Maybe he would understand?
'Hmm,' Jackie gave a tired sigh as Becky finally turned to him; a pitiful look on her face. 'You know you're not in trouble, right? You haven't done anything wrong. I'm just worried about you.'
Hadn't done anything wrong?
Jackie had no idea.
She'd killed a man.
Surely that was wrong. Even if it was while protecting people….
'Is everything alright?' Jackie pushed. 'I know a lot has been going on with you and your friends. Portia's been stressed out, as well…. I just want to help. You know you can come to me for help, right?'
Slowly, Becky nodded.
'You know I'm not your enemy?'
She knew.
'Good, good….'
Jackie went quiet, then, as he turned the car around and headed back the way he came.
All Becky could do was watch the clock.
Okay. No more being miserable for tonight.
Becky took a long, deep breath and let it out.
It was time to be a normal girl again.
'You alright?' Jackie asked.
'Yeah,' Becky managed, her voice weak and croaky as she finally found it again. 'It's two.'
'So it is,' said Jackie. 'And on a school night, no less. You should have been in bed hours ago. You're going to have a hard time focusing, tomorrow.'
Becky blew a raspberry, and went back to staring out the window.
'You know…' Jackie started, eyeing Becky with a weak smile. 'It's strange to be driving with you in the front seat. Usually you're kicking and screaming and telling me where I can go in all sorts of colourful ways…. You're not usually so quiet. It's…' his smile fell. 'A little concerning, actually. Are you doing alright?'
'I can call you a slut if you like,' Becky joked, offering her own tired grin. 'But I'm not sure I have the energy to scream and kick, tonight. It's been a busy month.'
'So I've heard…' Jackie gave Becky a sympathetic look, before his smile returned. 'So. Are you the person who's been picking up everyone's bins?'
Becky shrugged.
'That's not like you, at all,' he chuckled, removing a hand from the steering wheel to give Becky a friendly poke. 'Usually you're being an absolute pest, aren't you? Switching people's mail and writing rude words on lamp posts!'
'I still do that, sometimes,' Becky admitted, ignoring Jackie's playful gesture and turning back to the window. 'Well… maybe. Maybe not. I think it's about time I grew up.'
Jackie's smile fell again, into a very soft, worried look as he watched Becky carefully.
He didn't say anything for a moment.
And neither did Becky.
Not until he turned into her street, and let out a long sigh.
'Rebecca…. You're too young to force yourself to grow up,' he said, simply. 'And, now, don't get me wrong— I could definitely get used to this "adult Rebecca" picking up litter and not throwing milkshakes at me when I drive past her…. But only if adult Rebecca is also happy Rebecca.'
'I… I think adult Rebecca could be happier than any other Rebecca's ever been,' Becky answered, genuinely. 'With some work.'
'You think so?' he asked, slowing to a stop just outside Becky's house.
'Yeah,' Becky gave a light chuckle.
Jackie echoed Becky's laugh, and undid his seatbelt. 'Come on,' he said, climbing out of the car. 'I'll walk you to the door…. It looks like your parents are waiting for you.'
'Shit— Are they?!' Becky cast a glance out the car window to her house… sinking into her chair when she saw the front door open and Isa and Ken came out to watch her with concern and disappointment. 'Mm! Fuck! I'm not here!'
'Well. That's very adult, isn't it?' Jackie's laugh grew heartier, and he stood up straight to call across the yard. 'Miss Valstille. Mr Bloom! Everything's alright! Rebecca's not in any trouble tonight. Quite the opposite, actually! She's been doing good things, and just needed a lift home…. Come on, Rebecca.'
The disappointment slowly faded from Isa's face as Jackie urged Becky out of his car and walked with her to the door. She held out a hand as the girl approached her, reaching up to brush Becky's hair out of her eyes when she got close enough.
'You look exhausted,' Isa said to her daughter. 'Where have you been all night? I was worried.'
Becky didn't answer. She just wrapped her arms around Isa and buried her face in her shoulder, letting out a long, exhausted sigh.
'Ooh, okay,' Isa mumbled, putting her own arms around Becky. 'Okay. Let's get you inside— Thank you, Jackie.'
'It's alright,' Jackie tipped his hat politely. 'You all get some sleep.'
Family Group Chat


Fashion in the period 1550–1600 in Western European clothing was characterized by increased opulence. Contrasting fabrics, slashes, embroidery, applied trims, and other forms of surface ornamentation remained prominent. The wide silhouette, conical for women with breadth at the hips and broadly square for men with width at the shoulders had reach its peak in the 1530s, and by mid-century a tall, narrow line with a V-shaped waist was back in fashion. Sleeves and women's skirts then began to widen again, with emphasis at the shoulder that would continue into the next century. The characteristic garment of the period was the ruff, which began as a modest ruffle attached to the neckband of a shirt or smock and grew into a separate garment of fine linen, trimmed with lace, cutwork or embroidery, and shaped into crisp, precise folds with starch and heated irons.
Isaac Oliver's allegorical painting of 1590–95 contrasts virtuous and licentious dress and behavior.
Italian doublet and hose decorated with applied trim and parallel cuts contrast with a severe black jerkin, 1560.
Linen ruffs grew from a narrow frill at neck and wrists to a broad "cartwheel" style that required a wire support by the 1580s. Ruffs were worn throughout Europe, by men and women of all classes, and were made of rectangular lengths of linen as long as 19 yards. Later ruffs were made of delicate reticella, a cutwork lace that evolved into the needlelaces of the seventeenth century.
The general trend toward abundant surface ornamentation in the Elizabethan Era was expressed in clothing, especially amongst the aristocracy in England. Shirts and chemises were embroidered with blackwork and edged in lace. Heavy cut velvets and brocades were further ornamented with applied bobbin lace, gold and silver embroidery, and jewels. Toward the end of the period, polychrome (multicolored) silk embroidery became fashionable.
Spanish fashion: Elizabeth of Valois, Queen of Spain, wears a black gown with floor-length sleeves lined in white, with the cone-shaped skirts created by the Spanish farthingale, 1565.
Elizabeth I wears padded shoulder rolls and an embroidered partlet and sleeves. Her low-necked chemise is just visible above the arched bodice, 1572.
The gown was worn over a kirtle or petticoat (or both, for warmth). Either kirtles or petticoats might have attached bodices or bodies that fastened with lacing or hooks and eyes and most had sleeves that were pinned or laced in place. The parts of the kirtle or petticoat that showed beneath the gown were usually made of richer fabrics, especially the front panel forepart of the skirts.
The bodices of French, Spanish, and English styles were stiffened into a cone or flattened, triangular shape ending in a V at the front of the woman's waist. Italian fashion uniquely featured a broad U-shape rather than a V. Bodices could be high-necked or have a broad, low, square neckline, often with a slight arch at the front early in the period. They fastened with hooks in front or were laced at the side-back seam. High-necked bodices styled like men's doublets might fasten with hooks or buttons. Italian and German fashion retained the front-laced bodice of the previous period, with the ties laced in parallel rows.
The true corset, called a vasquine in Spanish, arose in the first half of the sixteenth century in Spain. The fashion spread from there to Italy, and then to France and (eventually) England, where it was called a pair of bodies, being made in two parts which laced back and front. The corset was restricted to aristocratic fashion, and was a fitted bodice stiffened with reeds called bents, wood, or whalebone.
A low neckline might be filled with an infill (called in English a partlet). Partlets worn over the smock but under the kirtle and gown were typically made of lawn (a fine linen). Partlets were also worn over the kirtle and gown. The colours of "over-parlets" varied, but white and black were the most common. The partlet might be made of the same material as the and richly decorated with lace detailing to compliment it. Embroidered partlet and sleeve sets were frequently given to Elizabeth as New Year's gifts.
Besides keeping warm, Elizabethans cloaks were useful for any type of weather; the Cassock, commonly known as the Dutch cloak, was another kind of cloak. Its name implies some military ideals and has been used since the beginning of the sixteenth century and therefore has many forms. The cloak is identified by its flaring out at the shoulders and the intricacy of decoration. The cloak was worn to the ankle, waist or fork. It also had specific measurements of 3/4 cut. The longer lengths were more popular for travel and came with many variations. These include: taller collars than normal, upturned collar or no collar at all and sleeves. The French cloak was quite the opposite of the Dutch and was worn anywhere from the knees to the ankle. It was typically worn over the left shoulder and included a cape that came to the elbow. It was a highly decorated cloak. The Spanish cloak or cape was well known to be stiff, have a very decorated hood and was worn to the hip or waist. The Over-gown for women was very plain and wornloosely worn and to the floor or ankle length. The Juppe had a relation to the safeguard and they would usually be worn together. The Juppe replaced the Dutch Cloak and was most likely a loose form of the doublet.
In a typical hairstyle of the period, front hair is curled and back hair is worn long, twisted and wound with ribbons and then coiled and pinned up.
Catherine de' Medici in a widow's black hood and veil, after 1559.
Married and grown women covered their hair, as they had in previous periods. Early in the period, hair was parted in the center and fluffed over the temples; later front hair was curled and puffed high over the forehead. Wigs and false hairpieces were used to extend the hair.
A close-fitting linen cap called a coif or biggins was worn, alone or under other hats or hoods, especially in the Netherlands and England; many embroidered and bobbin-lace-trimmed English coifs survive from this period. The French hood was worn throughout the period in both France and England. Another fashionable headdress was a caul or cap of net-work lined in silk attached to a band, which covered the pinned up hair, which had been seen in Germany in the first half of the century. Widows in mourning wore black hoods with sheer black veils.
The typical makeup worn during Elizabethan times enhanced a white complexion with a bright red lip and cheek. A darker skin tone could be covered with the thick makeup, however this did not work in many cases. Working women were obliged to be outside and therefore acquired a suntan, impeding their ability to fashion a pale complexion like the wealthy individuals did because they stayed indoors. Therefore the pale complexion was associated with wealth and nobility, making this makeup popular among Elizabethan society.
This is where the popularity of the pale alabaster face came from. As an association with wealth, all individuals wished to have a pale face, but some could only fashion this by wearing heavy white makeup. Not only did it tell rank and class, but the thick substance hid signs of ageing. The favoured makeup application was ceruse, a combination of vinegar and white lead. This whitened the skin and achieved the desired pale look, although sometimes that was not enough. Women also bled themselves to flush the red from their faces to go pale. Other strategies to obtain the pale look include face paint made from natural resources such as plants.
For the red cheeks and lips, dyes were sometimes used. Cochineal, madder and vermilion were used as dyes to achieve the bright red effects on the face. Not only were the cheeks and lips emphasized; Kohl was used to darken the eyelashes and therefore add more visual interest to Elizabethan women as well.
Italian fashion of the early 1550s features a loose gown of light-weight silk over a bodice and skirt (or kirtle) and an open-necked partlet.
Titian's Lady in White wears Italian fashion of 1555. The front-lacing bodice remained fashionable in Italy and the German States. She appears to be wearing a straight-bodied corset.
Portrait of Elsbeth Lochmann in modest German style: she wears a light-colored petticoat trimmed with a broad band of dark fabric at the hem, with a brown bodice and sleeves and an apron. An elaborate purse hangs fron her belt, and she wears a linen headdress with a sheer veil, 1564.
Horizontal lacing over a stomacher and an open chemise are characteristic of Italian fashion. The skirt is gathered at the waist.
Leonora di Toledo wears a blue gown with a flared collar and tight undersleeves with horizontal trim. The uncorseted S-shaped figure is clearly shown, 1571.
Elizabeth I wears a doublet with fringed braid trim that forms button loops and a matching petticoat. Janet Arnold suggests that this method of trimming may be a Polish fashion (similar trimmings à la hussar were worn in the nineteenth century).
Infanta Catalina Micaela wears an entirely black gown with lace collar and cuffs, with white inner sleeves trimmed with gold embroidery or applied braid. Her jewellery includes a double string of pearls, a necklace, worked golden buttons and a belt.
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester in the narrow fashions of the 1560s: Ruff, doublet, slashed leather jerkin, and paned trunk hose with codpiece.
John III of Sweden wears an embroidered cape with a collar over his doublet.
The Earl of Lincoln wears a stiffened, gathered hat with a jeweled band. He wears the livery collar of the Order of the Garter c. 1575.
Men's fashionable clothing consisted of a linen shirt with collar or ruff and matching wrist ruffs. Over the shirt men wore a doublet with long sleeves sewn or laced in place. Optionally, a jerkin, usually sleeveless and often made of leather, was worn over the doublet. Waistlines dipped V-shape in front, and were padded to hold their shape. Around 1570, this padding was exaggerated into a peascod belly.
Short cloaks or capes, usually hip-length, often with sleeves, or a military jacket like a mandilion, were fashionable. Long cloaks were worn for inclement weather. Gowns were increasingly old-fashioned, and were worn by older men for warmth indoors and out. In this period robes began their transition from general garments to traditional clothing of specific occupations, such as scholars (see Academic dress).
The Spade Beard derives from the design of a spade which belongs in a deck of playing cards. The beard is broad on the higher part of the cheeks which then curves at each side to meet at the tip of the chin. This style was believed to have been popular amongst soldiers at that period, and also to those who wished to show their martial status.
Gloves were often used as a social mediator to recognize the wealthy. Beginning in the second half of the sixteenth century, may men had trimmed tips off of the fingers of gloves in order for the admirer to see the jewels that were being hidden by the glove.
Henry, Duke of Anjou, the future Henry III of France, wears doublet and matching cape with the high collar and figure-of-eight ruff of c. 1573–74.
Fashionable shoes for men and women were similar, with a flat one-piece sole and rounded toes. Shoes were fastened with ribbons, laces or simply slipped on. Thick-soled pattens were worn over delicate indoor shoes to protect them from the muck of the streets. A variant on the patten popular in Venice was the chopine – a platform-soled mule that raised the wearer sometimes as high as two feet off the ground.
Infantas Isabella Clara Eugenia and Catalina Micaela of Spain wear miniature versions of adult costume, including gown with hanging sleeves and Spanish fathingales, c. 1571. Their skirts appear to have tucks to allow them to be let down as the girls grow.
Italian fruit seller wears a front-fastening gown with ties or points for attaching sleeves, a green apron, and a chemise with a ruffled collar. Her uncovered hair is typical of Italian custom, c. 1580. Fruit and vegetable-sellers are often shown with more cleavage exposed than other women, whether reflecting a reality or an iconographic convention is hard to say.
^ Arnold, Janet (2008). Patterns of fashion 4: The cut and construction of linen shirts, smocks, neckwear, headwear and accessories for men and women c.1540-1660. Hollywood, CA: Quite Specific Media Group. p. 10. ISBN 0896762629.
^ Munro, John H. "Medieval Woollens: Textiles, Technology, and Organisation". In Jenkins (2003), pp. 214–215.
^ a b c d e Mikhaila, Ninya; Malcolm-Davies, Jane (2006). The Tudor tailor: Reconstructing 16th-century dress. London: Batsford. p. 20. ISBN 0713489855.
^ a b c d Tortora, Phyllis: A survey of historic costume: A history of Western dress, New York: Fairchild Publications, 1994, ISBN 1563670038, pages 164–165.
^ Arnold, Janet (2008). Patterns of fashion 4: The cut and construction of linen shirts, smocks, neckwear, headwear and accessories for men and women c.1540-1660. Hollywood, CA: Quite Specific Media Group. pp. 13, 50–51. ISBN 0896762629.
^ Steele, Valerie (2001). The Corset: A Cultural History. Yale University Press. pp. 6–12. ISBN 030009071-4.
^ Mikhaila (2006), p. 21.
^ Tammie L. Dupuis. "Recreating 16th and 17th Century Clothing". The Renaissance Tailor. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
^ Elgin, Kathy (2005). Elizabethan England. Infobase Publishing. p. 38.
^ Tortora (1994), p. 157.
^ a b Tortora (1994), pp. 158160.
^ Arnold, Patterns of Fashion...1560–1620, pp. 16–18.
^ Cunnington, C. Willett; Phillis Cunnington and Charles Beard (1960). A Dictionary of English Costume. London: Adam & Charles Black LTD.
^ a b c Cunnington, C. Willett; Phillis Cunnington and Charles Beard (1960). A Dictionary of English Costume. London: Adam & Charles Black.
This page was last modified on 6 December 2013 at 03:57.


text:
30299 Shashkishore è un asteroide della fascia principale. Scoperto nel 2000, presenta un'orbita caratterizzata da un semiasse maggiore pari a 2,2460860 UA e da un'eccentricità di 0,1873386, inclinata di 2,97340° rispetto all'eclittica.

Collegamenti esterni

Shashkishore
Corpi celesti scoperti nel 2000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
from sunpy.net import vso, Fido
from numpy import unique
import glob
from sunpy.sun import carrington_rotation_number
import astropy.units as u
from astropy.io import fits
from datetime import datetime,timedelta
import ftplib
import sys,os
import gzip
import shutil

class download_cms_files:

# inital information about the directoies and time for sigmoid
    def __init__(self,time='2009/02/17 11:44:00',nproc=4,cmsdir='',outdir='%Y/%m/%d/%H%M/',x=None,y=None):
        """Sets up inital variables to pass to rest of download_cms_file functions.
           Really only need to set the input time string "YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS" and full path to the CMS2 directory.
           Then assuming you set up the sigmoid directory to be YYYY/MM/DD/HHMM (can change with outdir variable if needed) you are set."""
        if cmsdir == '': cmsdir = open('cms2_dir','r').readlines()[0][:-1]#read in first line of cms2_dir and format to send to script
        if cmsdir[-1] != '/': cmsdir=cmsdir+'/'
        self.time = time
        self.nproc = nproc
        self.sform = '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'
        self.dttime = datetime.strptime(self.time,self.sform)
        self.basedir = datetime.strftime(self.dttime,outdir)
        self.cmsdir = cmsdir
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

#start date from using sdo data
        self.sdo_start =  datetime(2010,05,01,00,00,00)

#copy hinode synoptic files
    def get_hinode(self):
#Hinode archive
        self.hinode_date = '%Y/%m/%d/'
        self.hinode_arch = '/archive/hinode/xrt/level1/'+datetime.strftime(self.dttime,self.hinode_date)
#look for timeline to get synoptic timelines
        self.find_synoptic_times()

#find times for synoptics
    def find_synoptic_times(self):
        self.hinode_tfmt = self.hinode_date+'%Y%m%d_exported/'#location of hinode timelines
        m = 0 # counter for number of days looking back
        for p in range(2):#dirty way to prevent timeline start day from only returning one set of synoptics
            lookt = True # found the proper timeline
            while lookt:
                self.hinode_time = self.dttime-timedelta(days=m)
                self.hinode_tldr = '/archive/hinode/xrt/timelines/'+datetime.strftime(self.hinode_time,self.hinode_tfmt)
                foundt = os.path.exists(self.hinode_tldr)
                m += 1 #increment by 1 day
                if m >= 14: return #exit downloading hinode data if no timeline found for 14 days
                if foundt:  lookt = False #if find hinode directory exit loop

            self.copy_synoptics()

#copy xrt synoptics to local directory
    def copy_synoptics(self):
        self.read_xrt_timeline()
        self.xrt_file_list()
        for i in self.xrt_files: shutil.copy(i,self.cmsdir+self.basedir)

#get list of files in timerange
    def xrt_file_list(self):

        #get formatted list of hours
        self.xrt_hours = []
        for i in self.xrt_beg: self.xrt_hours.append('H{0:%H}00'.format(i))
        for i in self.xrt_end: self.xrt_hours.append('H{0:%H}00'.format(i))

        #get unique hours
        self.xrt_hours = unique(self.xrt_hours)

        #get all files in hours and their associated times
        self.xrt_files = []

        #loop over unique hours
        for i in self.xrt_hours:
            tempfiles = glob.glob('{0}/{1}/*fits'.format(self.hinode_arch,i))
            for j in tempfiles:
                temptime = datetime.strptime(j.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0],'L1_XRT%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
                #check if time is in range
                for k in range(len(self.xrt_beg)):
                   if ((temptime >= self.xrt_beg[k]) & (temptime <= self.xrt_end[k])):
                       #check if header information is compatible with a syntopic
                       dat = fits.open(j)
                       hdr = dat[0].header

                       #check for acceptable filters
                       fil_check = (((hdr['EC_FW2_'] == 'Ti_poly') | (hdr['EC_FW1_'] == 'Al_poly') | (hdr['EC_FW2_'] == 'Al_mesh') | (hdr['EC_FW1_'] == 'Be_thin') | (hdr['EC_FW2_'] != 'Gband')))
                       #check header information on fits files to get just synoptics
                       if ((hdr['NAXIS1'] == 1024) & (hdr['NAXIS2'] == 1024) & (fil_check)):
                           self.xrt_files.append(j)
                       #check to make sure self.x and self.y are defined
                       if ((self.x != None) & (self.y != None)):
                            #Also check to see if there are any small FOV XRT files within 100'' of y and x
                           dist = (((hdr['CRVAL1']-self.x)**2.+(hdr['CRVAL2']-self.y)**2.))**.5
                           if ((dist  <= 100) & (fil_check)):
                               self.xrt_files.append(j)

#read timeline and return synoptic times
    def read_xrt_timeline(self):
        fmtrept = self.hinode_tldr+'re-point_{0:%Y%m%d}*.txt'.format(self.hinode_time)
        repfile = glob.glob(fmtrept)
        repoint = open(repfile[-1],'r') # read the repoint file
        #list of beginning and end time for synoptics
        self.xrt_beg = []
        self.xrt_end = []
        ender = False #gets the end time for synoptic
        timefmt = '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S' #format of time in pointing file

        #do not start with an end
        end = False
        #get the begging and end times of xrt syntopics
        #loop through repoint file lines
        for i in repoint:
            if end:
                end = False
                try:
                    self.xrt_end.append(datetime.strptime(i[20:39],timefmt))
                except:
                    self.xrt_end.append(self.xrt_beg[-1]+timedelta(minutes=20)) #if syntopic is last pointing just add 20 minutes
            #look for lines containing the word synoptic
            if 'synoptic' in i.lower():
                end = True
                self.xrt_beg.append(datetime.strptime(i[20:39],timefmt))
                #Add continue to prevent errors when synoptic pointing is close to observed AR
                continue

            #if you want to look for local AR files
            if ((self.x != None) & (self.y != None)):
                #check for nearby pointings with small FoV J. Prchlik 2018/01/24
                try:
                    p_x = float(i[72:78])
                    p_y = float(i[79:87])
                #if values are not floats continue
                except:
                    continue

                #distance from pointing to planned AR
                dist = (((p_x-self.x)**2.+(p_y-self.y)**2.))**.5
                #if distance less than 100'' from AR add to list to look for XRT files
                if dist < 100:
                    end = True
                    self.xrt_beg.append(datetime.strptime(i[20:39],timefmt))

#find carrington rotation number and as politely for the files
    def get_carrington(self):
        self.rotnum = carrington_rotation_number(self.time)
#connect to ftp directory
        self.ftp = ftplib.FTP('solis.nso.edu','anonymous')
#change to carrigoton rotation number directory
        self.ftp.cwd('synoptic/level3/vsm/merged/carr-rot/')
#format of the fits file
        self.forfil = "svsm_m21lr_B3_cr{0:4d}.fts.gz"

        try:
            self.grab_car()
            self.ftp.close()
        except:
            print('Failed unexpectedly, closing ftp access',sys.exc_info()[0])
            self.ftp.close()
            raise

#get carrington roation  files
    def grab_car(self):

        #primary rotation number
        prot = int(self.rotnum)
        #rotation number +/- 1
        brot = prot-1
        arot = prot+1

        #only get 3 carrington rotations
        rot_list = [brot,prot,arot]
        #only get exact carrington rotation number
        #rot_list = [prot]

        #NSO synoptic maps only go until 2166
        if self.rotnum > 2166:
           #Use HMI synoptics
           import urllib2
           fname = 'hmi.Synoptic_Mr_small.{0:1.0f}.fits'.format(self.rotnum)
           hmi_url = 'http://jsoc.stanford.edu/data/hmi/synoptic/'+fname
           res = urllib2.urlopen(hmi_url)
           #read binary fits file
           f_carrot = res.read()

           #write fits file locally
           with open(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+fname,'wb') as f:
               f.write(f_carrot)
            #print("Carrington rotation {0:1.0f} is beyond NSO archive".format(self.rotnum))

        else:
            for rot in rot_list:
                fname = self.forfil.format(rot)

                #see if file exists with or without .gz
                testfile = ((os.path.isfile(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+fname)) | (os.path.isfile(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+fname[:-3])))

                #if file does not exist download new file
                if testfile == False:
                    try:
                        fhandle = open(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+fname,'wb')
                        self.ftp.retrbinary('RETR {0}'.format(fname),fhandle.write)
                        fhandle.close()
                        self.unzip_fil(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+fname)
                    except:
                        print("Unable to download carrington rotation map at {0}".format(fname))

#unzip carrington file
    def unzip_fil(self,fname):
        oname = fname[:-3]

        with gzip.open(fname,'rb') as infile:
            with open(oname,'wb') as outfile:
                for line in infile:
                    outfile.write(line)

    #Get AIA 1024x1024  synoptics from Stanford, since CMS2 cannot handle 4096x4096 files
    def get_aia_syn(self):
        import urllib

        #synoptic archive location
        syn_arch = 'http://jsoc.stanford.edu/data/aia/synoptic/'

        #check if current minute is even, since synoptics are every 2 minutes
        if self.dttime.minute % 2 == 0:
            inp_time = self.dttime
        #otherwise add 1 minute to current time
        else:
            inp_time = self.dttime+timedelta(minutes=1)

        #reduced time to 12 seconds for AIA observation download J. Prchlik 2018/01/24
        dt = timedelta(minutes=2)
        start = inp_time-dt
        end   = inp_time

        #wavelengths to download
        d_wav = [131,171,193,211,304]

        #create directory path minus the wavelength
        f_dir = '{0:%Y/%m/%d/H%H00/AIA%Y%m%d_%H%M_}'
        s_dir = f_dir.format(start)
        e_dir = f_dir.format(end)

        #wavelength format
        w_fmt = '{0:04d}.fits'

        #download files from archive for each wavelength
        for i in d_wav:
           #format wavelength
           w_fil = w_fmt.format(i)
           urllib.urlretrieve(syn_arch+s_dir+w_fil,self.cmsdir+self.basedir+s_dir.split('/')[-1]+w_fil)
           urllib.urlretrieve(syn_arch+e_dir+w_fil,self.cmsdir+self.basedir+e_dir.split('/')[-1]+w_fil)

    #Get aia files from VSO
    def get_aia(self):
        #Get Stereo observations
        client = vso.VSOClient()
        #reduced time to 12 seconds for AIA observation download J. Prchlik 2018/01/18
        dt = timedelta(seconds=12)
        start = datetime.strftime(self.dttime-dt,self.sform)
        end = datetime.strftime(self.dttime+dt,self.sform)

        #set time span
        time = vso.attrs.Time(start,end)
        #grabs both stereo a and b
        ins = vso.attrs.Instrument('aia')
        #grab particular (UV) wavelengths
        wave = vso.attrs.Wavelength(171*u.AA,171*u.AA)
        qr1 = client.query(time,ins,wave)
        res1 = client.get(qr1,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}').wait()
        #grab particular (UV) wavelengths
        wave = vso.attrs.Wavelength(193*u.AA,193*u.AA)
        qr2 = client.query(time,ins,wave)
        res2 = client.get(qr2,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}').wait()
        #grab particular (UV) wavelengths
        wave = vso.attrs.Wavelength(304*u.AA,304*u.AA)
        qr3 = client.query(time,ins,wave)
        res3 = client.get(qr3,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}').wait()
        #grab particular (UV) wavelengths
        wave = vso.attrs.Wavelength(211*u.AA,211*u.AA)
        qr4 = client.query(time,ins,wave)
        res4 = client.get(qr4,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}').wait()

    #grab stereo files from stereo archive
    def grab_stereo(self):
        #look in both stereo ahead and behind
        beacons = ['ahead','behind']

        #set time range around to look for stereo files
        dt = timedelta(minutes=30)
        start = self.dttime-dt
        end = self.dttime+dt

        #base directory for start and end directory
        f_bdir = '{0:%Y%m%d}/*fts'
        s_bdir = f_bdir.format(start)
        e_bdir = f_bdir.format(end)

        #loop over subdirectories if start and end time cross days
        if s_bdir == e_bdir:
            l_dir = [s_bdir]
        else:
            l_dir = [s_bdir,e_bdir]

        #loop over stereo ahead and behind
        for bea in beacons:
            #change to stereo ahead and behind directory continue if directories do not exist
            try:
                self.s_ftp.cwd('/pub/beacon/{0}/secchi/img/euvi/'.format(bea))
            except:
                print('No STEREO {0} OBS'.format(bea))
                continue

            #get list of files in subdirectory
            fit_list = []
            try:
                for days in l_dir: fit_list.append(self.s_ftp.nlst(days))
            except:
                print('No STEREO {0} OBS at {1}'.format(bea,days))
                continue

            #flatten the list
            flat_list = [item for sublist in fit_list for item in sublist]

            #list of files to download
            d_list = []

            #time reange for looping
            t_r = 1
            #try expanding the time search range
            loop = True
            #make sure you get at least 4 files
            while ((len(d_list) <= 4) & (loop)):
                #check datetime in list is between start and end
                for fil in flat_list:
                    #get datetime from list
                    obs_time = datetime.strptime(fil.split('/')[-1][:15],'%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
                    #if in time range add to download list
                    if ((obs_time >= self.dttime-(dt*t_r)) & (obs_time <= self.dttime+(dt*t_r))): d_list.append(fil)
                #increment index
                t_r += 1
                #don't loop more than 5 times
                if t_r > 6: loop = False

            #finally download stereo files
            for fil in d_list:
                fname = fil.split('/')[-1]
                testfile = os.path.isfile(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+fname)

                #if file does not exist download new file
                if testfile == False:
                    try:
                        fhandle = open(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+fname,'wb')
                        self.s_ftp.retrbinary('RETR {0}'.format(fil),fhandle.write)
                        fhandle.close()
                    except:
                        print("Unable to download STEREO observation at {0}".format(fil))
                        continue

#unzip carrington file
    def unzip_fil(self,fname):
        oname = fname[:-3]

    #get stereo files directly from archive
    def get_stereo(self):

        #connect to ftp directory
        self.s_ftp = ftplib.FTP('stereoftp.nascom.nasa.gov','anonymous')

        try:
            self.grab_stereo()
        except:
            print('Unable to download STEREO files')

        #close ftp connection
        self.s_ftp.close()

    def get_stereo_vso(self):
        #Get Stereo observations
        client = vso.VSOClient()
        dt = timedelta(minutes=6)
        start = datetime.strftime(self.dttime-dt,self.sform)
        end = datetime.strftime(self.dttime+dt,self.sform)

        #set time span
        time = vso.attrs.Time(start,end)
        #grabs both stereo a and b
        ins = vso.attrs.Instrument('secchi')
        #grab particular (UV) wavelengths
        wave = vso.attrs.Wavelength(100*u.AA,3000*u.AA)
        #qr = client.query(time,ins,wave)
        qr = client.search(time,ins,wave)
        #res = client.get(qr,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}')
        res = client.fetch(qr,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}').wait()

        #Move file to a file name with wavelength time included
        for k in qr:
            swave = k['wave']['wavemin']
            sfile = k['fileid'].split('/')[-1].lower() #

            shutil.move(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+sfile,self.cmsdir+self.basedir+sfile.replace('.fts','_'+swave+'.fits'))

#Download EUV images
    def get_euv(self):
        if self.dttime >= self.sdo_start:
            #self.get_aia()
            self.get_aia_syn()
            #include get stereo on recent observaitons J. Prchlik (2018/01/18)
            self.get_stereo_vso()
        else:
            self.get_stereo_vso()

#dowload magnetograms
    def get_magnetogram(self):
        if self.dttime >= self.sdo_start:
            self.get_hmi()
        else:
            self.get_mdi()

#get mdi magnetogram
    def get_mdi(self):
        client = vso.VSOClient()
        dt = timedelta(minutes=96)
        start = datetime.strftime(self.dttime-dt,self.sform)
        end = datetime.strftime(self.dttime+dt,self.sform)

        #set time span
        time = vso.attrs.Time(start,end)
        #set instrument
        ins = vso.attrs.Instrument('mdi')
        #set provider which reduces to just 96m magnetograms
        #prov = vso.attrs.Provider('SDAC')
        #query vso
        #qr = client.query(time,ins,prov)
        qr = client.search(time,ins)#,prov)
        self.qr = qr

        #res = client.get(qr,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}').wait()
        res = client.fetch(qr,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}').wait()

#Move file to a file name with start time included
        for k in qr:
            stime = k['time']['start']
            stime = stime[:8]+'_'+stime[8:]
            sfile = k['fileid'].split('/')[-1].lower().replace('.','_').replace('_fits','.fits')

            shutil.move(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+sfile,self.cmsdir+self.basedir+stime+'_'+sfile)

    #Get AIA 1024x1024  synoptics from Stanford, since CMS2 cannot handle 4096x4096 files
    def get_hmi(self):
        import urllib

        #hmi archive location
        hmi_arch = 'http://jsoc.stanford.edu/data/hmi/fits/'

        #check if current minute is even, since synoptics are every 2 minutes
        if self.dttime.minute == 0:
            inp_time = self.dttime
        #otherwise add 1 minute to current time
        else:
            inp_time = self.dttime+timedelta(minutes=60)

        #reduced time to 12 seconds for AIA observation download J. Prchlik 2018/01/24
        dt = timedelta(minutes=60)
        start = inp_time-dt
        end   = inp_time

        #create full file path hmi
        f_dir = '{0:%Y/%m/%d/hmi.M_720s.%Y%m%d_%H0000_TAI.fits}'
        s_fil = f_dir.format(start)
        e_fil = f_dir.format(end)

        #see if files already exsist
        s_tst = os.path.isfile(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+s_fil.split('/')[-1]) == False
        e_tst = os.path.isfile(self.cmsdir+self.basedir+e_fil.split('/')[-1]) == False

        #download files from archive
        if s_tst: urllib.urlretrieve(hmi_arch+s_fil,self.cmsdir+self.basedir+s_fil.split('/')[-1])
        if e_tst: urllib.urlretrieve(hmi_arch+e_fil,self.cmsdir+self.basedir+e_fil.split('/')[-1])

#get hmi magnetogram
    def get_hmi_vso(self):
        client = vso.VSOClient()
        dt = timedelta(minutes=1)
        start = datetime.strftime(self.dttime-dt,self.sform)
        end = datetime.strftime(self.dttime+dt,self.sform)
        phys = vso.attrs.Physobs('LOS_magnetic_field')

        #set time span
        time = vso.attrs.Time(start,end)
        #set instrument
        ins = vso.attrs.Instrument('hmi')
        #query vso
        qr = client.query(time,ins,phys)
        res = client.get(qr,path=self.cmsdir+self.basedir+'{file}',methods=("URL-FILE_Rice","URL-FILE")).wait()

#download all
    def download_all(self):
        self.get_hinode()
        try:
            self.get_euv()
        except:
            print('Could not retrieve EUV images')
        try:
            self.get_carrington()
        except:
            print('Could not retrieve Carrington Rotation Mag.')
        try:
           self.get_magnetogram()
        except:
            print('Could not retrieve High Resoution Mag.')

#create subdirectory tree
    def build_subtree(self):

        try:
            os.makedirs(self.cmsdir+self.basedir)
        except:
            print('Directory {0} already exists. Proceeding'.format(self.cmsdir+self.basedir))


In order to monitor conditions in and around the Charleston Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site and its potential impact on surrounding hard bottom reef habitats a large monitoring effort has been ongoing. The current hard bottom reef monitoring study is part of a larger program to monitor conditions in and around the Charleston ODMDS. Specific objectives of the current hard bottom reef monitoring project described here were to document any changes in sedimentation rates, sponge/coral density, sponge/coral condition, finfish assemblages, and areal extent of six hard bottom reef areas over a five year period.
Crowe, Stacie E.; Jutte, Pamela C.; Van Dolah, Robert F.
Creator Van Dolah, Robert F.
Description In order to monitor conditions in and around the Charleston Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site and its potential impact on surrounding hard bottom reef habitats a large monitoring effort has been ongoing. The current hard bottom reef monitoring study is part of a larger program to monitor conditions in and around the Charleston ODMDS. Specific objectives of the current hard bottom reef monitoring project described here were to document any changes in sedimentation rates, sponge/coral density, sponge/coral condition, finfish assemblages, and areal extent of six hard bottom reef areas over a five year period.