text:
Hawaiian Bros. brings world-class plate lunch to Kansas City
Martin Cizmar,
In Oregon, the plate lunch scene is competitive.
The Beaver State is a popular mainland destination for transplanted Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, which means you'll find not only L&L Hawaiian Barbecue, Hawaii's answer to In-N-Out Burger, but also a plethora of mom and pop spots serving spam musubi and loco moco.
Cameron and Tyler McNie, the owners of up-and-coming Kansas City chain Hawaiian Bros., are familiar. They are the scions of Oregon's largest plate lunch chain, Hawaiian Time, which opened in 2003 after they bought recipes and training from a Hawaiian who was closing his spot.
Hawiian Time has nine locations across the state, from Eugene to Beaverton. I've had plenty of Hawaiian Time while living there and always found it to satisfy my noontime urge for starch, spice and pork fat.
But there's no question the McNie brothers found a higher gear with Hawaiian Bros., which opened its first location in Belton in 2017 after the McNies followed longtime friends on a reverse trip down the Oregon trail.
"We have a lot of respect for our family business and our time there," Cameron McNie says. "But when my brother and I came out here, we wanted to get out and do our own thing. We had 15 years of experience, but we got brainstorming: What are some of the things we did well with our family business? What are the things we want to change? Let's start from the beginning instead of having to correct it 10 years later. What attention to details do we want to get in place now?"
The goal of the McNies and their partners is to grow the Bros. into a big business with locations all over the Midwest. The quality of this fast-casual chain certainly warrants it — it's the best plate lunch I've had on the mainland thanks to garlicky Honolulu chicken and sticky teriyaki served with round scoops of perfectly peppery mac salad. The Molokai chicken sizzles with spice and herbs. And then there's the smoky pulled pork — rich in fat and flavor and seasoned with Hawaiian sea salt.
Hawaiian Bros. recently opened its third location in Overland Park, with a Northland expansion following fast behind and opening this fall. I've had everything on the menu, and nothing disappoints. Everything other than the pulled pork is made-to-order. But if I'm recommending one big wow, it's the kalua pig, which is slow-cooked for 15 hours using a proprietary process McNie declined to detail.
Even in a town with pork pit on every corner, it's a standout.
"I was a little nervous when we started this, to do barbecue," Cameron McNie says. "The teriyaki, the chicken — that's different than a lot of people are doing out here, so I thought that would be a hit. The pork I was really worried about because it's like, 'Man, barbecue is such a big thing in the Midwest. Pulled pork is everywhere. Are people going to like our version of it?' And people have loved it — and they've loved our barbecue sauce. So we were really, really excited about the response to that."
GO: Hawaiian Bros. has locations in Belton, Lawrence and Overland Park. The Overland Park location is at 12120 College Blvd., Overland Park, Kan. Open 11 am-9:30 pm daily. 913-291-1004, hawaiianbros.com.
Categories: Local Places
Tags: Hawaiin Bros, Hawaiin food, Kansas City, kc, KC Restaurants
Gordon Ramsay's swanky new KC spot is more sizzle than steak
Will classic KC pit ham disappear amidst the rise of pulled pork?
Kansas City places we love this January 2020
Known for their adrenalized performances, original compositions and notorious music videos, Greg Anderson and Elizabeth Joy Roe are revolutionizing the piano duo experience.FacebookTwitter
Art music meets pop, jazz meets classical, lyrics meet pure sound, the avant-garde meets the traditional with this 10-time GRAMMY® winner's sweeping, soulful vocal language.FacebookTwitter
Back by popular demand! Athletic bodies and contemporary costumes combine with explosive, large-scale Japanese drumming, precise choreography, and innovative visuals.FacebookTwitter


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Yara El-Sharkawy (born 11 April 1999) is an Egyptian fencer. She competed in the women's foil event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

She competed at the 2015 African Fencing Championships, 2017 African Fencing Championships, 2018 African Fencing Championships, and 2019 African Fencing Championships.

References

External links

1999 births
Living people
Egyptian female foil fencers
Olympic fencers of Egypt
Fencers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Egyptian women
21st-century Egyptian women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Integrity Toys has announced its exclusive Twilight in Paris Jem / Jerrica Benton Doll for San Diego Comic-Con 2015.
Based on the Jem episode titled Kimber's Rebellion, where Jem and the Holograms head to Paris to record a video for the song Twilight in Paris, the Twilight in Paris Jem / Jerrica Benton Doll comes in special collector packaging styled in the shape of the Parisian landmark, the Eiffel Tower. The set includes two outfits and portraits, which can be displayed as either Jerrica or Jem.
Like in previous years, the Integrity Toys Twilight in Paris Jem / Jerrica Benton Doll will be available for purchase at the Hasbro Toy Shop booth (#3329) on the San Diego Comic-Con showroom floor.


To create a calendar in Visio, start with the calendar template and use shapes to set up the time periods—for example, daily or yearly. Then drag shapes onto the calendar for events, reminders or notes, and configure them to include data about the occasions they represent.
The Calendar template is available in the Schedule category in Visio.
Click File > New, and then in the search box type Calendar.
Click the Calendar template and click Create.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the shape for the type of calendar you want, such as Day, Week or Month.
In the Configure box that appears, specify the date range you want the calendar to cover, and set the other options, and click OK. Configure automatically fills the correct dates into the calendar days.
Click File > New, and then in the Suggested searches list, click the Schedule category.
In the Calendar template description box, click Create.
To change the date range of the calendar, right-click the calendar and click Configure. In the Configure box, change the start or end date.
Note: The Configure box not working for you? See I click Configure for a calendar but nothing happens.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the Appointment shape onto a calendar day.
Right-click the shape and select Configure.
In the Configure box, specify the start and end time, and other information about the appointment, and then click OK.
To change the date, time or other information about an appointment, right-click it and click Configure. Then change the information as needed.
Tip: When you have the Shape Data box open on your drawing, you can also see and change appointment information for any appointment you click. To open the Shape Data box, right-click an appointment and click Shape Data. It stays open on your drawing until you close it or close the drawing.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the Multi-day event shape onto the day on which the event begins.
In the Configure box, specify the details, such as the ending date and place, and then click OK.
From Calendar Shapes, drag a shape, such as Important, Celebration, Pushpin, or a weather shape, onto the day you want to mark.
Double-click any shape on the calendar, including a day, appointment, event or art shape, to automatically create a text box, and add text. To edit the text later, double-click the day or shape again.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the Thumbnail month shape onto your drawing page.
In the Shape Data box, specify the calendar options you want, and then click OK.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the Week or Multiple week shape onto the drawing page.
In the Configure box that appears, specify the calendar options you want and then click OK.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the Year shape onto the day onto the drawing page.
In the Shape Data box that appears, specify the year that you want to display as a calendar, and other additional options and then click OK.
Click the File tab, click New, and then click the Schedule category.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the shape for the type of calendar you want to create onto the page.
In the Configure dialog box that appears, specify the calendar options you want, and then click OK.
In the dialog box, specify the appointment options, and then click OK.
The appointment is associated with the day and moves with the day if you reposition it. To change an appointment, right-click it, and then click Configure.
In the Configure dialog box, specify the options and then click OK.
The event is associated with the day and moves with the day if you reposition it. To change an event, right-click it, and then click Configure.
From Calendar Shapes, drag a shape, such as Important, Celebration, or Pushpin, onto the day you want to mark.
Calendar art doesn't move if you change the date. However, if you delete the calendar, the calendar art shape is also deleted.
In the Shape Data dialog box, specify the calendar options that you want, and then click OK.
Weekly and multi-week calendars offer a lot of flexibility. A weekly calendar can span from 2 to 8 days.
A multi-week calendar includes weeks from the same or adjacent months.
Note: Multi-week calendars spanning more than 35 days will not fit on the standard drawing page. You can resize the calendar shape by selecting it, and then dragging a corner selection handle . If you want to create a multi-week calendar that spans significantly more than 35 days, create a new drawing page, and then add a new multi-week calendar to each page in your drawing.
On the File menu, point to New, point to Schedule, and then click Calendar.
For each weekly calendar that you want to create, on the Insert menu, click New Page.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the Week or Multiple week shape onto each drawing page.
In the Configure dialog box, specify the calendar options that you want, and then click OK.
Change the title by double-clicking it, and then typing the text that you want.
Tip: If the title isn't visible, right-click the week, and then click Configure. In the dialog box, select the Show title check box.
You can add appointments, events, or calendar art.
The appointment is associated with the day and moves with the day if you reposition it.
To change an appointment, right-click it, and then click Configure.
Note: If you change the date of the day, the appointment is deleted.
Note: You can use the Multi-day event shape to create events spanning one or more days.
In the Configure dialog box, specify the subject, location, start date, end date, and date format, and then click OK.
The event is associated with the day and moves with the day if you reposition it.
Note: If you specified a one-day event, the Multi-day event shape snaps to the specified date. If the event spans more than one day, the shape expands across all of the specified dates.
To change an event, right-click it, and then click Configure.
Tip: You can also drag the ends of the Multi-day event shape to expand the date range.
From Calendar Shapes, drag a shape, such as Important, Celebration, or Pushpin, onto the day on which you want it to appear.
You can resize calendar art by dragging a selection handle .
Note: Calendar art associates with the day, not the date you place it on, so if you change the date, the calendar art shape doesn't move to the new date. However, if you delete the calendar, the calendar art shape is also deleted.
You can create a one-year calendar on one page, as in the following illustration, or a multi-year calendar with each year on a different page.
For each yearly calendar you want to create, on the Insert menu click New Page.
From Calendar Shapes, drag the Year shape onto each drawing page.
In the Shape Data dialog box, specify the calendar options you want, and then click OK.
To highlight particular days or months in a year calendar, subselect the day or month that you want to highlight. On the Format toolbar, click the arrow next to the Fill Color button, and then click the color that you want. Repeat for the additional days or months that you want to highlight.
To quickly change the year or the day that weeks begin on, right-click the Year shape, and then click Configure.
To change the color scheme for the year, right-click any empty area on the drawing page, and then click Color Schemes.


Waking up every day knowing I'm working with the most incredible and like-minded souls to help children grow up in loving families instead of shocking overseas orphanages.
Do you think fundraising has changed since you have been involved with it, and how?
Great fundraising hasn't changed, no. Great fundraising is about inspiring people to give their time, money and expertise to create vital change. And where this happens everyone's lives are transformed. The poor fundraising – what I'd consider transactional fundraising – has had its day. And I think that's a positive thing.
What is your charity's main income stream? What are the positive aspects of that, and what are some of the challenges?
We've been able to double our income in the past five years, mainly thanks to a small clutch of highly engaged and loyal supporters. To double our income again, we need to build our community of supporters. Last year our UKAid match-funded End the Silence Appeal kick-started this process. With the support of the government, Google, YouTube and world-renowned musicians including Sir Elton John and Ed Sheeran, our appeal raised £5.2m and vital awareness of the dangers of orphanages among a new and younger audience.
What advice would you give to a new fundraiser just starting out?
Find a cause you feel passionately about, one that speaks to your head as much as your heart, and then soak up as much as you can from those around you who you consider great.
I was inspired by Jerry Jopson of Save the Children when he gave a talk at my school. He told me that if I raised a certain amount of money a woman would not have to walk for water and her children would go to school. I raised the money, had a great time doing it and remember feeling incredibly excited when I realised I might be able to have a career as a fundraiser.
What do you think is the biggest challenge for the sector in the year ahead?
Building trust with the public and closing the huge gap that exists between their perceptions of how charities are run and how they actually are.
What qualities do you believe are important in a good fundraiser?
You need to love people, derive energy from building partnerships, be super curious and able to spot opportunities, and be able to "fail fast" – that is, to rapidly assess a new idea and adapt or kill it if it is not working.
A hug from my two young boys always does the trick.
To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. There's so many reasons why: the fight against injustice, the kindness with which this was tackled and the role of empathy. You must always walk in someone else's shoes to understand why they do what they do.


The road to San Juan has the reputation as being 'the restaurant road' of Ibiza. It's here, among the bucolic hills and umbrageous trees, where Nagai is located – a high-end venue with immaculate Japanese cuisine, traditional Ibicencan design and genuine family feel, open since 2011. This place, equally ideal for vegetarians, seafood lovers and socialites, has a great vibrancy about it, and deserves to be called a true gem of the Northern part of the island.
Being stylish today means being healthy. Eco-conscious guests have a reason to rejoice: Nagai owners try to buy as local and organic as they can, volunteer at alternative healing events and regularly contribute to Ibiza Preservation Fund. Water is taken from their own well, vegetables and herbs – from their own permaculture garden, wines on the list are organic and bio-dynamic.
In Nagai they don't stick to Japanese cuisine as a rule set in stone: sumptuous Mediterranean, Indian and Thai courses are also present in the selection. Mouth-watering rolls, sashimi and sushi in the menu sit alongside Tom yum and Tom kha, Gyoza chicken or prawn, Scallops with pistachio crust in miso and butter sauce, Spicy stir fried beef with vegetables Thai style, and Entrecote tataki marinated in herbs from Ibiza perfume. Depending on the fresh and seasonal produce, the menu is alive and changing here, and that's for the better – who wouldn't welcome a pleasant surprise to their fine-yet-relaxed-dining affair? In a nutshell, a must-go to every foodie's bucket list.


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Formato secondo i canoni della rigida educazione austro-ungarica al Politecnico di Vienna, progetterà poi per tutta la sua lunga vita, memore degli insegnamenti ricevuti in gioventù. Condiscepolo nonché coetaneo di Giovanni Prati e di Giovanni Parisi da Premione, uno dei primi valorizzatori dell'acqua termale delle Terme di Comano: quindi fa parte dell'intellettualità giudicariese più avanzata e progressista, attenta alle condizioni del popolo ma anche al patrimonio culturale locale, che intende salvare e promuovere.

Opere

 Nell'anno 1848 progetta ed esegue il monumento lapideo alla croce, eretto nel sagrato della pieve di Bleggio a seguito di voto popolare, a scioglimento di un voto contratto nel burrascoso Quarantotto (eseguito tra il 1854 e il 1863 con monoliti di granito o tonalite, provenienti da massi erratici).
 Nell'anno 1850 è attivo nel suo paese, Stenico, per la progettazione delle corsie di pavimentazione della Chiesa di San Vigilio.
 Nel 1870 iniziano i lavori di ampliamento della chiesa di Bocenago (conclusi nel 1874, consacrazione il 21 agosto 1877), che riceve la sua forma attuale con pianta a croce greca.
 Per il paese di Seo progetta la piramide di pietra con la croce, eretta a memoria dei numerosi morti di colera durante l'epidemia del 1855.
 Sul finire del secolo XIX progetta la villa Parisi di Premione di Stenico, di forma neoclassica, per l'amico dottor Giovanni Parisi (1815-1900).


Rusty with his new family, Andrew, Gina, Grayson and Anna.
January 18, 2016 update: Rusty went to the Rainbow Bridge.
May 22, 2011 update: Adopted!
May 2, 2011 update: Will Velcro stick to a rusty surface? I think the answer is probably "yes" since Rusty (who is a VERY rust-colored brindle) sticks to me like Velcro.
Rusty's adjustment from track to house has been immediate. Of course, he does have other Greyhounds to show him the ropes. He planted himself on a dog bed immediately. He followed his foster mom around immediately. He did his business outside immediately. He slept through the night immediately. He went into his crate for a cookie immediately. He picked up squeaky toys (well, some don't actually have a squeaker anymore) immediately. He walked well on a leash immediately. He "loaded up" in the car immediately.
Ooops – the one thing he did not do immediately is leave the other dogs' food alone. I still hold his collar while I put down the other dogs' food and tell him to "wait." At last, he gets his food with an "OK Rusty". As you might guess, he always finishes first. In order for him not to try to gobble the others' food, I put him outside as soon as he is finished. This is normal behavior for a dog recently retired from the track or farm. He'll learn.
Rusty does not pull on the leash, which makes him a joy to take to an event. In fact, he likes to go anywhere he can go with a person. He LOVES to be petted – by anybody. He needs to learn to wait his turn.
He's still new to this life of retirement so I'm sure there will be more adventures and more updates.


I've been described as enthusiastic, high energy, inspirational and fun by my clients. Going by the title Personal Branding and Marketing Consultant I have years of experience to get to the core of you, helping to shine a light and get you more of the results that you want and need. As a writer, author and book coach my desire is to help you create a blog or book which demonstrates your personal brand, expertise and credibility in a way that no other 'tool' can.
"I adore people and seeing people discover their aha moments, finding that hidden voice and being able to step up and show up just as they are."
I believe that anyone can change their world with just a pen. Although seemingly simplistic, writing has a way to reach inside the heart of a person and their business like nothing else can. When words are written clarity, direction and results arrive. To know yourself on the inside helps you to find your voice and when you find your voice you can shout out about you in a way that speaks to others' hearts. This is what I do best.
Wherever you find yourself right at this moment, stop, don't question it, just wonder how did I get here? What were the twists and turns of fate that bought me to this point?
Are there songs which keep swirling around your head? Something that starts and won't go away? Or something that you keep playing?
I adore people and seeing people discover their aha moments, finding that hidden voice and being able to step up and show up just as they are.
It was only when I started to work for myself that I felt I fitted in. I thrive on variety and challenge. My quick-thinking mind allows me to find solutions in an innovative and original way. I am adaptable, friendly, highly self motivated, flamboyant and original. As a teacher, I want to pass on what I know to you so that you are empowered to be the best you that you can. Hugs are also available!


At Hope Island Beauty and Medispa, we offer everything from massages and facials, to non-surgical face lift and IPL facial rejuvenation treatments. Whatever you need, our trained beauticians will have you looking and feeling great in no time.
If you want to make a booking with a beauty therapist, give us a call or make a booking online. Based on the Gold Coast, our luxurious boutique spa will relax, refresh and rejuvenate.


A Matter of Memories: :GIVEAWAY WINNER: Scrapbooking Travel Course from Debbie Hodge of Get it Scrapped!
:GIVEAWAY WINNER: Scrapbooking Travel Course from Debbie Hodge of Get it Scrapped!
I can't even begin to tell you just how jealous I am of each and every one of you!!
While I DREAM of traveling far and wide, so far I have only been to ten states...and even more pathetic...they're all connected.
While I know Debbie's course, Scrapbooking Travel, will help me remember all my wonderful nearby weekend getaways, I do hope that one day I'll be able to use what I've learned to scrap adventures of a much wider nature.
In the meantime, one lucky reader is about to benefit from Debbie's instruction as well.
Congrats, Christi! Please watch your inbox for further details on how to claim your prize.
For the rest of you, don't despair...be sure to visit the Get it Scrapped! classroom and you're sure to find a course that's just right for you!


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AALDEF opposes public charge rule change
AALDEF submitted the following comment to the Department of Homeland Security, opposing the proposed rule change to inadmissibility on public charge grounds. You can also download the comment here.
Samantha Deshommes, Chief Regulatory Coordination Division, Office of Policy and Strategy
20 Massachusetts Avenue NW
Re: DHS Docket No. USCIS-2010-0012, RIN 1615-AA22, Comments in Response to Proposed Rulemaking: Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds
Dear Sir/Madam:
The Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF) welcomes the opportunity to submit the following comments on the proposed public charge regulation published in the Federal Register on October 10, 2018.
Founded in 1974, AALDEF is a national organization that protects and promotes the civil rights of Asian Americans. By combining litigation, advocacy, education, and organizing, AALDEF works with Asian American communities across the country to secure human rights for all. AALDEF advocates for fair immigration policies that recognize the human rights of undocumented immigrants in the United States, promote family reunification, enforce worker protections for all, eliminate racial and ethnic profiling, and end other discriminatory practices that violate due process. We represent Asian survivors of trafficking and crime who qualify for T and U visas and assist these individuals with filing their applications for nonimmigrant and immigrant status with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). AALDEF also provides legal services to undocumented immigrant youth who may be or are eligible for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. We primarily serve low-income Asian immigrants—both documented and undocumented—and U.S. citizens of Asian descent.
AALDEF strongly opposes the Department of Homeland Security's proposed regulation regarding public charge. We urge that the rule be withdrawn in its entirety, and that longstanding principles set forth in the 1999 field guidance remain in effect.
The proposed rule will fundamentally change the U.S. immigration system and create barriers that target immigrants with limited English proficiency and working-class immigrants. It is inconsistent with existing law, policy, and practice in interpreting the public charge law. The proposed rule also underestimates its potential harm to immigrant communities.
Following leaked drafts of the proposal to change the definition of public charge, immigrant community members, including lawful permanent residents, asylees, and refugees who would not be affected by the public charge rule, have been reported to be terminating or disenrolling from their current public benefits plans[1]. Since reports of the proposed changes circulated over the past several months, AALDEF has received numerous inquiries from clients and community members. In one instance, a Korean couple living in Queens, who are applying for naturalization with a fee waiver based on the receipt of food stamps for themselves and their U.S. citizen children, asked whether their fee waiver request would negatively impact their applications. A Chinese-American client in Sunset Park who is caring for her elderly mother, a lawful permanent resident who received Medicaid and Medicare at different times, reported attending a community meeting with Chinese-language press that provided misinformation about the proposed public charge regulations' potential effect on green card status. By stigmatizing and penalizing individuals for using government programs and tax credits, the proposed rule will create a "good" vs. "bad" immigrant dichotomy, place extreme financial restraints on new immigrant households, and cause significant harm to the health and well-being of immigrants and their families.
I. AALDEF Opposes the Proposed Public Charge Rule As It Underestimates the Harms and Overall Costs
A. The Proposed Rule Underestimates the Harm to Communities
1. Impact on New York City and New York State
New York is one of the most generous states in terms of providing government resources and is also one of the most ethnically diverse. In New York City, over three million residents are foreign born, with one-quarter arriving in 2000 or later.[2] Asian Americans have the highest poverty rate in New York, with an estimated 24.1 percent living below the poverty threshold in 2016.[3] Additionally, because many of the programs under attack provide for families who earn up to 400% of the federal poverty level, an even higher percentage of Asian immigrants in New York City qualify for and receive public benefits that are included in the public charge rule.
As a result of the radical changes proposed by the public charge rule, it is estimated that approximately 2.1 million people, including 645,000 children, could be adversely impacted.[4]
2. Impact on Asian Americans
This rule clearly is designed to deter family reunification by immigrants. It will have a huge impact on immigrants from Asia, who account for a large proportion of immigrants who immigrate to the U.S. through family reunification.[5] In recent years, three out of every ten individuals obtaining permanent residence status have been from Asia and Pacific Island countries.[6] Forty percent of the millions of individuals and families waiting in long backlogs for family-based immigration are from Asia and Pacific Island nations.[7] All of these potential new Americans would be scrutinized under the new proposed rule, and many would be deterred from participating in programs that they are eligible for and need to improve their health and well-being, as well as the health and well-being of their families. See the below chart for an estimate of the percentage of immigrants from Asian countries who obtained permanent resident ("green card") status through family-based visas:[8]
Furthermore, the Census Bureau estimates that approximately 17.8% of people who participate in government assistance programs are Asians or Pacific Islanders.[9] This definition only includes Medicaid, SNAP (formerly food stamps), Housing, SSI, and TANF. While there is no evidence that the utilization of any government programs by Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders is higher than other populations, the proposed rule would deter many of these individuals and families from continuing to participate in these programs. Progress made since the passage of the Affordable Care Act, which had partially equalized the disparities in uninsured rates between Whites and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders through the expansion of Medicaid and establishment of health insurance marketplaces, could easily be wiped out.[10]
3. Impact on Low-Wage Workers
Despite the millions of jobs created in the private sector since the most recent recession in 2009,[11] most of them were in low-wage occupations with unpredictable schedules, and few benefits.[12] About 65 million Americans are low-wage workers,[13] of whom two-thirds are women.[14] A recent analysis found that up to 30 percent of Americans work in jobs with pay that would barely lift a family above the poverty line, even if they were working full-time, year-round.[15] Further, contrary to popular belief, low-wage workers are older, full-time employees, with children, and hold at least a high school diploma.[16]
Low-wage workers turn to SNAP, Medicare, and Housing Assistance to supplement low and fluctuating pay and to help them get by during periods of unemployment.[17] Additionally, these benefits can lift low-wage families out of poverty by making cash available to pay bills or purchase other necessities.[18]
4. Impact on Small Business Owners
Asian American entrepreneurs have started countless small businesses, which in turn, have helped them move up the economic ladder. Entrepreneurs face many barriers to entry, including credit constraints and uninsured risk. Yet, small businesses make up 99.7 percent of U.S. employer firms and 64 percent of net new private-sector jobs.[19]
In 2010, there were 27.9 million small businesses in America. There were nearly 550,000 small businesses in the State of New York in 2016.[20]
A 2016 Harvard Study found that newly-eligible SNAP households were 20 percent more likely to own a business because of the SNAP expansion in the mid-2000s, driving up new firm births by 12 percent.[21] According to the study, entrepreneurs/small business owners are more capable of opening and maintaining a high-quality business when their risk exposure is reduced; i.e. food, housing, and medical needs are met.[22] Thus, federal benefits such as SNAP, Medicare, and Housing Assistance are important to the security of small business owners and to maintaining the economy.
5. Impact on Children
One in six children in the United States face hunger, and 20 million of those children rely on the food they get from SNAP.[23] As many as 1.5 million families caring for three million children live on less than $2 per person, per day, in cash income.[24] In a given year, one in every 30 children in the United States experience homelessness, a statistic that translates to 2.5 million children.[25] Food and housing insecurities can negatively affect a child's physical and mental well-being.[26]
Offsetting the high cost of housing can help families avoid the trade-off between food or shelter, as well as among other basic needs like transportation and health care.[27] While subsidized housing assistance is not limited to single-parent families, it is one of the most common rental assistance programs available to single mothers and their children.[28] As previously stated, low-income families are typically single mothers with at least one child in the household. Further, SNAP can positively affect children's health and learning.[29] For example, SNAP kept about 10.3 million people out of poverty in 2012, including about 4.9 million children.[30]
Notes: Expenditure quartiles are equal fourths of all households ranked by total spending. Families with affordable housing (severe burdens) devote less than 30% (more than 50%) of monthly expenditures to housing.
Source: JCHS tabulations of US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011 Consumer Expenditure Survey.[31]
B. DHS Analysis Underestimates the Costs of Implementation of the Proposed Rule
Beyond the social, political, and cultural impacts on communities, the proposed rule would impose tremendous financial burdens on the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), as well as applicants for permanent resident (green card) status or individuals seeking to change or extend their temporary status and other stakeholders.
1. Costs to Applicants
For applicants to change immigration status, the costs imposed by the proposed rule would be prohibitive. According to the DHS's own cost analysis, the total new costs to applicants of the proposed rule will range from approximately $45 million to $129 million annually.[32] With an estimated 382,264 applicants annually, the average cost per applicant is $119. This cost is calculated from the opportunity costs of the time it would take for applicants to complete the administrative forms required for change of status, as well as the filing fees for forms and the cost of requests for evidence.
For purposes of calculating opportunity costs, the DHS assumes the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. If this assumption is correct, if only for a majority of applicants, $119 is a prohibitive amount for those earning the federal minimum wage. Because of opportunity costs of time, the $119 figure increases when adjusted for areas where the local minimum wage is higher than the federal minimum wage.
Furthermore, immigrants in the United States tend to be concentrated around major metropolitan areas.[33] In many of these areas, the federal minimum wage is not an adequate living wage. For instance, Los Angeles County and Miami-Dade County, two of the metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of immigrants, the cost of living is significantly higher. According to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Living Wage Calculator, the living wage for a single adult in Los Angeles County and Miami-Dade County are $13.54 per hour and $12.29 per hour, respectively, in 2017.[34] Even assuming each county's minimum wage ($11 per hour and $8.25 per hour, respectively), the disparity between the minimum wage and the living wage is such that the opportunity costs, filing fees, and administrative costs of applying for a change of status are prohibitive even for applicants living on the minimum wage.
In addition to prohibitive opportunity costs, the elevation of the public charge bond regime, under which the applicant or the applicant's sponsor would be required to post at minimum a $10,000 bond for admission, is a similarly insurmountable obstacle. Even for a family of four earning $63,000 annually,[35] who could avoid scrutiny under the public charge test, $10,000 is a prohibitive cost. For those applicants who earn below 250 percent of the federal poverty guidelines and who would actually face scrutiny under the public charge test, $10,000 is an impossible amount to post as a bond, and the potential loss of that bond for using public benefits would be disastrous.
2. Administrative Burdens
In addition, the proposed rule would impose significant administrative burdens on government agencies and all organizations and individuals "associated with regulatory familiarization with the provisions" of the proposed rule.
For DHS, there will be a significant increase in time and labor required for the agency to evaluate adjustment of status applicants based on the new public charge determinations. This will include, but is not limited to, the time and labor associated with retraining and familiarizing personnel with the parameters of the proposed rule, preparing training materials for such, and updating and rewriting all guidance materials and forms used by both applicants and DHS personnel. As DHS analysis itself contemplates, there will be time and labor costs associated with preparation and retraining "[a]t each level of government."[36] Finally, due to an increase in the factors considered in determining who is likely to become a public charge, a corresponding increase in time will be required for processing and adjudicating applications, which is not necessarily captured in the cost-benefit analysis published by DHS.
The rule will impose a substantial new workload on USCIS. It requires the agency to conduct public charge inadmissibility determinations, as well as process a new Form I-944, Declaration of Self-Sufficiency, in connection with an estimated 382,264 adjustment of status applications annually. It also compels public charge assessments of an estimated 511,201 applications for extension or change of nonimmigrant status each year.[37] However, the cost analysis in the rule only addresses the costs to the public, not the administrative costs to DHS of implementing this rule.
All these operational demands will fall on an agency that has already experienced profound capacity shortfalls for over a decade. A review of data just since the 2017 fiscal year indicates lengthening processing times for applications for green cards, employment authorization, travel documents, and green card replacements, among others.[38] By the end of FY 2017, 5,606,818 applications and petitions remained unadjudicated by USCIS—23% more than one year earlier.[39] In February 2018, DHS conceded that "USCIS continues to face capacity challenges."[40]
These case processing delays impact the lives of immigrants and U.S. citizens alike. They often threaten applicants' ability to work,[41] depriving families, including families with U.S. citizen children, of income essential to meeting basic necessities like food and housing. Adjudication delays also lead to expiration of driver's licenses,[42] which immigrants rely upon to access banking, medical treatment, and other indispensable services, as well as for transportation to school and work. In addition, slowdowns prolong the separation of families dependent on case approval for their reunion. Family members waiting to be processed for visas overseas may face danger in their home countries,[43] while stateside children may endure lengthy parental absences. In still other instances, processing delays defer students' education and graduation.[44]
In short, the proposed rule will deepen the agency's case processing delays and make an operational crisis appreciably worse. Individuals and families throughout the United States will suffer the consequences.
With regard to the effect on government agencies, these costs extend far beyond DHS. Any federal agency that provides benefits that fall within the new regime of the proposed rule will incur similar costs in updating guidance materials and forms, as well as retraining agency personnel. DHS analysis states that it is "unable to quantify" such costs,[45] but given how much the proposed rule extends the regulatory regime of what constitutes a public charge, it is likely that such agency costs would be extraordinary.
Other stakeholders, including but not limited to immigration attorneys and advocacy groups, health care providers, non-profit and non-governmental organizations, and religious organizations, will similarly incur direct and indirect costs.[46] DHS analysis estimates that eight to 10 hours per person is necessary to read the proposed rule,[47] which does not capture the time required for individuals and organizations to familiarize themselves sufficiently with the proposed rule in order to incorporate that knowledge into professional practice. It similarly fails to capture costs of the ensuing confusion upon implementation of the proposed rule: the amount of time and money that will be spent correcting errors made in compliance with the current rule, which would then be outdated.
C. The Proposed Rule is Inconsistent with History and Congressional Intent
1. History of the Public Charge Rule
The public charge rule is steeped in U.S. history, dating back to when the term first appeared in the Immigration Act of 1882. "Public charge" has historically referred to a non-citizen who is likely to become primarily dependent on the government for subsistence. Benefits that are considered in the public charge test include cash assistance for income maintenance ("SSI" and "TANF"), food stamps (now known as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or "SNAP"), and government-funded long-term institutional care. Although the public charge rule was used to refuse admission to non-citizens at U.S. ports of entry, until about the 1940s, the public charge rule was used sparingly.
The current public charge rule, which applies to those who are applying to enter the United States and those who are adjusting their status within the U.S. to become LPRs, includes sufficient safeguards to prevent an individual who would become primarily dependent on government benefits for survival from entering the United States. The proposed rule on the other hand would affect a wide swath of not only those without any means to support themselves but also moderate-income families who need only occasional access to certain public benefit programs to meet basic needs.
The public charge rule largely remained the same when the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act ("PRWORA") became law on August 22, 1996.[48] This was the first of two statutory guidelines enacted in 1996. PRWORA made LPRs ineligible for a range of federal public benefits during their initial five years in the country but also introduced guidelines for different immigrant groups of immigrants that should not be subject to public charge. The second statutory guideline was the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act ("IIRIRA"), published that same year on September 30, 1996.[49] The IIRIRA provided that any non-citizen determined by a consular or immigration officer at any time to become a "public charge" was excludable, i.e., ineligible for admission or adjustment of status.
There were several factors to consider in making a determination of whether an individual fell under the public charge rule. Applying a "totality of circumstance" test, these factors included age, health, family status, assets, resources, financial status, education and skills. In order to demonstrate that an individual was not excludable as a public charge, a family-sponsored immigrant and certain employment-sponsored immigrants need to find a sponsor willing to provide an affidavit of support stating that she would provide support to maintain the sponsored immigrant at an annual income at or above 125% of the federal poverty guidelines. Neither of these laws modified the applicable law with regard to deportability based on the likelihood of becoming a public charge. Under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ("INA"), any immigrant who, "within five years after the date of entry [became] a public charge from causes not affirmatively shown to have arisen since entry [was] deportable."[50]
In 1999, the legacy Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) issued field guidance and proposed a rule addressing public charge with regard to inadmissibility and deportability.[51] That proposed rule was never finalized, but the guidance is still currently applied. An individual is subject to public charge if she "primarily depend[s] on the government for subsistence, as demonstrated by either (i) the receipt of public cash assistance for income maintenance or (ii) institutionalization for long-term care at government expense."[52] The rule goes on to clarify that a person must be "primarily dependent" on public cash assistance and that receiving cash assistance is not sufficient. Insurance and non-cash benefits or services are not considered, with the exception of institutionalization for long-term care. Any determination is based on the use of public benefits by an individual, and not other household members or dependents. The receipt of public benefits is not the sole determining factor but one of many factors considered, including age, health, family status, assets, resources, financial status, education and skills. The criteria for public charge also apply to grounds for deportation. Those who receive some type of government-funded long-term care may face deportation if they receive a means-tested benefit from a government agency, the agency seeks reimbursement, and the debt is not repaid.
In January 2018, a revised version of the Foreign Affairs Manual ("FAM") included updated instructions for conducting a public charge determination for non-citizens who apply for permanent or temporary visas to come to the United States. The instructions allow officials to consider the use of non-cash benefits when assessing whether an applicant would be likely to become a public charge.
2. History of Family-Based Immigration
The proposed rule would have a dramatic impact on Asian American and Pacific Islander families. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are among the fastest growing populations in the U.S.,[53] in large part due to changes in U.S. immigration law in the 1960s that finally repealed restrictions on Chinese immigration dating back to the decades before and including the time of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Ironically, the original "public charge" exclusion was enacted in that same year, seeking to restrict Irish immigrants fleeing the potato famine.[54]
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ended the Immigration Law of 1921, which mandated quotas based on national origins. This Act had a profound effect on the flow of immigrants to the U.S. over the next 50 years and changed the demographics of this country.
The 1965 Act introduced a preference for family relationships over other factors and prioritized immigrants with family already in the United States. Since then, family reunification has served as a basis for admitting new immigrants into the United States. Citizens and lawful permanent residents (LPRs) have historically used family ties to bring their close family members to the U.S. As a result, Asian and Latino/a immigrant populations were able to flourish and establish roots in this country.
We note that the Trump administration supported the Republican-sponsored Reforming American Immigration for Strong Employment Act of 2017 (RAISE). This bill would drastically reduce the number of family-sponsored immigrants and favor individuals under a merit-based, skills-based system. It would shift the focus away from family ties and would prioritize education, English proficiency, and job skills. Studies have shown, however, that family-sponsored immigration is good for the economy because it provides a flexible workforce that will adapt to current and future labor demand.[55]
3. History of Public Benefits Programs Subject to Public Charge Scrutiny
Immigrants in the U.S. have access to government-funded programs that include, among others, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and long-term institutionalized care. These programs have been available to immigrants for almost as long as public charge and family-based immigration have existed. Historically, not all immigrants who used these programs were considered to be subject to public charge scrutiny. The "totality of circumstances" test will help determine if an individual is likely to become a public charge.
There are a number of people and programs that are exempt from the public charge rule. Those programs include, but are not limited to, education benefits like Head Start, Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Affordable Care Act subsidies or subsidized insurance, SNAP, Women, Infants, and Children assistance (WIC), housing benefits (Section 8), Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), and transit vouchers. While the public charge rule generally affects immigrants seeking to become lawful permanent residents, those who are currently not affected include refugees and asylees, special immigrant juveniles (many of them unaccompanied minors), trafficking victims (T visa), domestic violence survivors (VAWA), crime victims (U visa), LPRs, naturalization applicants, people who became permanent residents under the Cuban Adjustment Act (CAA), Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) or Haitian Refugee Immigration Fairness Act (HRIFA).
The proposed rule would reverse more than a century of existing law, policy, and practice in interpreting the public charge law, when the receipt of non-cash benefits has never been the determining factor in deciding whether an individual is likely to become a public charge. That case law also includes numerous examples where even decades-long past receipt of cash benefits did not result in a public charge finding due to the "totality of circumstances" test that was used in the applicant's favor, including showing changes in employment history and other life circumstances. For almost two decades, U.S. immigration officials have explicitly reassured, on which immigrant families have relied, that participation in programs like Medicaid and SNAP would not affect their ability to become lawful permanent residents.[56]
When Congress has had opportunities to amend the public charge law, it has only affirmed the existing administrative and judicial interpretations of the law. For example, in 1986, Congress enacted a "special rule" for overcoming the public charge exclusion as part of the legalization program "if the alien demonstrates a history of employment in the United States evidencing self-support without receipt of public cash assistance."[57] The implementing regulation published in 1989 defined "public cash assistance" as "income or needs-based monetary assistance," including programs like SSI, but specifically excluding food stamps, public housing, or other non-cash benefits, including medical assistance programs such as Medicaid.[58] This special rule and its implementing regulation are consistent with the case law on public charge.
II. Conclusion
The Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund opposes this drastic policy change in the interpretation of public charge because it will have a long-term and irreparable adverse impact on our community. For all the reasons outlined above, we oppose implementation of the proposed public charge rule.
[1] Immigrants, fearing Trump crackdown, drop out of nutrition programs, Politico, Sept. 3, 2018, https://www.politico.com/story/2018/09/03/immigrants-nutrition-food-trump-crackdown-806292
[2] https://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/data-maps/nyc-population/population-facts.page
[3] http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/opportunity/pdf/18povertymeasure_report.pdf
[4] Protecting Immigrant Families Campaign, The Trump Administration's Public Charge Proposal Could Impact 2.1Million People in the Empire State, Nov. 2018, available at https://www.clasp.org/sites/default/files/2018_NYpif.pdf
[5] http://aapidata.com/blog/chain-migration-created-todays-asian-america/
[6] Department of Homeland Security, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2016, https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2016
[7] Department of State, Annual Report of Immigrant Visa Applicants (2017) https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/visas/Statistics/Immigrant-Statistics/WaitingList/WaitingListItem_2017.pdf
[9] U.S. Census Bureau, 21.3 Percent of U.S. Population Participates in Government Assistance Programs Each Month (May 28, 2015) available at https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/cb15-97.html.
[10] Park et al., "Health Insurance for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders Under the Affordable Care Act," JAMA Internal Medicine. (April 30, 2018). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2678830?redirect=true
[11] U.S. Gov't Accountability Office, GAO-17-677, Low-Wage Workers: Poverty and Use of Selected Federal Social Safety Net Programs Persist among Working Families (Sep 22, 2017) available at https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-677.
[12] Irina Ivanova, For millions, low-wage work really is a dead end, CBS News, Apr. 20, 2018, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/low-wage-work-really-is-a-dead-end-for-millions/.
[13] Id.
[14] Kayla Patrick, Low-Wage Workers are Women: Three Truths and a Few Misconceptions, Nat'l Women's Law Ctr., https://nwlc.org/blog/low-wage-workers-are-women-three-truths-and-a-few-misconceptions/
[15] Brynne Keith-Jennings et al., SNAP Helps Millions of Low-Wage Workers: Crucial Financial Support Assists Workers in Jobs with Low Wages, Volatile Income, and Few Benefits, Ctr. on Budget and Policy Priorities, May 10, 2017, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/snap-helps-millions-of-low-wage-workers.
[18] Steven Carlson et al., SNAP Works for America's Children, Ctr. on Budget and Policy Priorities, Sept. 10, 2016, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/snap-works-for-americas-children; see also Arloc Sherman et al., Various Supports for Low-Income Families Reduce Poverty and Have Long-Term Positive Effects On Families and Children, Ctr. on Budget and Policy Priorities, July 30, 2013, https://www.cbpp.org/research/various-supports-for-low-income-families-reduce-poverty-and-have-long-term-positive-effects.
[19] U.S. Census Bureau, SUSB, CPS; International Trade Administration; Bureau of Labor Statistics, BED; Advocacy-funded research, Small Business GDP: Update 2002-2010, www.sba.gov/advocacy/7540/42371.
[20] U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Area Series: County Business Patterns by Employment Size Class (Apr. 19, 2018) available at https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=BP201600A3&prodType=table.
[21] Gareth Olds, Food Stamp Entrepreneurs, Harvard Business School, Working Paper 16-143,
https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/16-143_2cf7ba14-5bfa-4c34-85d9-0edc0ddc7ce6.pdf.
[22] Id. See also Kimberly Weisul, How Food Stamps Fuel Entrepreneurship, Inc., Sept. 26, 2014,
https://www.inc.com/kimberly-weisul/the-surprising-connection-between-welfare-and-entrepreneurship.html.
[23] Christy Felling, Five Facts: How SNAP Helps Kids, No Kid Hungry, Feb. 28, 2018, https://www.nokidhungry.org/blog/five-facts-how-snap-helps-kids
[24] Annie Lowrey, How America Treats Its Own Children, The Atlantic, June 21, 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/06/how-america-treats-children/563306/.
[26] U.S. Dep't of Housing and Urban Dev., The Impact of Housing Quality on Health, https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/PMS17OLHCHHSS.PDF; see also Felling, supra note 23.
[27] Felling, supra note 23. See e.g. Susan J. Popkin et al., Can housing assistance help protect children from hunger?, Urban Institute, Feb. 3, 2014, https://www.opportunityhome.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/urban_org.pdf; Ctr. on Budget and Policy Priorities, SNAP Helps Millions of Children,, Apr. 26, 2017, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/snap-helps-millions-of-children; Metrofocus, The Homeless Children Epidemic, Mar. 13, 2018, https://www.thirteen.org/metrofocus/2018/03/homeless-children-epidemic/ ("One in every ten public school students here in New York were caught up in the City's shelter system.").
[28] Jennifer Wolf, Housing Assistance Programs for Single Mothers, Verywell Family, Nov. 1, 2018, https://www.verywellfamily.com/housing-assistance-programs-for-single-mothers-2997420.
[29] Steven Carlson et al., SNAP Works for America's Children, Ctr. on Budget and Policy Priorities, Sept. 10, 2016, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/snap-works-for-americas-children.
[31] Joint Center for Housing Studies, The State of the Nation's Housing: 2013, Harvard University, 2013, http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/son2013.pdf.
[32] Proposed Rule, 8 C.F.R. §§ 103, 212 to 214, 245, 248 (2018) available at https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/180921USCIS_Proposed-Rule-Public-Charge.pdf.
[33] Migration Policy Institute, U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-immigrant-population-state-and-county (last visited October 14, 2018).
[34] Amy K. Glasmeier and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Living Wage Calculation for Los Angeles County, California, http://livingwage.mit.edu/counties/06037 (last visited October 14, 2018); Amy K. Glasmeier and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Living Wage Calculation for Miami-Dade County, Florida, http://livingwage.mit.edu/counties/12086 (last visited October 14, 2018).
[35] Proposed Rule, supra at note 7, at 430.
[36] Id. at 370.
[37] This includes an estimated 336,335 requests for extension of status or change of status through Form I-129, and an estimated 174,866 through Form I-539.
[38] See generally historical processing time data available at: http://www.aila.org/infonet/ processing-time-reports.
[40] DHS, Annual Performance Report: Fiscal Years 2017-2019 (Feb. 5, 2018); https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/DHS%20FY%202017-2019%20APR_0.pdf.
[41] See Deconstructing the Invisible Wall, American Immigration Lawyers Association (Mar. 19, 2018); http://www.aila.org/infonet/aila-report-deconstructing-the-invisible-wall.
[42] See Letter to Director Rodriguez on USCIS Processing Delays, American Immigration Lawyers Association (Mar. 11, 2016), http://www.aila.org/advo-media/aila-correspondence/2016/letter-director-rodriguez-uscisprocessing-delays.
[43] See, e.g., U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman, Annual Report 2016 (Jun. 29, 2016); https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/CISOMB%20Annual%20Report%202016_2.pdf.
[46] Id. at 16-17.
[48] The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104-193, as amended by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105-33.
[49] Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (hereinafter IIRIRA), Pub. L. 104-28.
[50] Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ("INA"), Pub.L. 89-236, § 237(a)(5), as amended by IIRIRA § 305(a)(2).
[51] "Field Guidance on Deportability and Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds," 64 Fed. Reg. 28689 (May 26, 1999) available at https://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/FR/HTML/FR/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-54070/0-0-0-54088/0-0-0-55744.html.
[52] Id. at 28689.
[53] U.S. Census Bureau, The Asian Population: 2010 (2012), https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-11.pdf and U.S. Census Bureau, The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010 (2012), https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-12.pdf
[54] Green E. First, "They Excluded the Irish," The Atlantic. (February 2, 2017) https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-poor-immigrants-public-charge/515397
[55] Harriet Duleep et al., The Immigrant Success Story: How Family-Based Immigrants Thrive in America, American Immigration Council, June 2018, https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrant-success-story
[56] United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, "Public Charge" available at https://www.uscis.gov/greencard/public-charge.
[57] INA §245A(d)(2)(B)(iii). IRCA also created a waiver of the public charge exclusion for applicants who were aged, blind, or disabled (and might be in need of long-term institutional care), INA §245A(d)(2)(B)(ii)(IV).
[58] See 8 CFR § 245a.1(i). There was a similar regulatory interpretation for special agricultural workers at 8 C.F.R. § 210.3(e)(4).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Be A Part Of Dog Files Ep. 12 Pit Proud: The History Of The Pit Bull
Hector, a Vick Dog, playing with his new Dad, Andrew Yori.
Join us the morning of Oct 12, 2010 for the world premiere of Dog Files Episode 12 Pit Proud: The History Of The Pit Bull. An epic and touching telling of story behind the most maligned and abused animal on Planet Earth.
While giving you the history of the pit bull, the video also highlights two responsible, American families that have welcomed pit bulls into their lives, including a Michael Vick dog named Hector.
"This is the single, most important piece of work we've ever created at the Dog Files," says Kenn Bell, Creator of the Dog Files. "I hope Pit Proud opens people's eyes to the injustices and falsities that have been brought against pit bulls. They aren't monsters or land sharks, like the media has portrayed them to be. They're just dogs that want our love."
Please help spread the word Tuesday by embedding the video on your site, linking to the post and getting the word out to all your friends. Together, we can change people's minds about Pits and help make the world a safer place for one of man's best friends!
Luis-2622
Pitbulls are the most loving dogs their is, they are so smart and loyal, mine is always by my side in my house she follows me everywere, my oldest one recently passed away he was 18 years old I love him like a son, they are great dogs mine loves cats and are very friendly like anything it's what you put into it if you give them love they will give back love, then their is those people that abuse them & mistreat them those people are the animals.
The Comet Dog – Raising Money To Help Wounded Troops
If you like The Dog Files please join our Facebook Fan Page at http://www.facebook.com/dogfiles Also, follow us on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/dogfiles Read The Comet Dog Story here.
Fourth-Graders Raise More Than $1,800 For Canine Assistants
By Lori Stabile for masslive.com PALMER, Massachusetts – Fourth-graders at Old Mill Pond Elementary School have raised more than $1,800 for Canine Assistants, a Georgia-based organization that places service dogs
Entertainment Files
Check Out The Trailer For The Sequel To Jurassic World!
Check out this ferocious trailer for Jurassic Weenie, the sequel to Jurassic World… or is it the sequel to Jurassic Park? Whatever it is, we guarantee it will make you


text:
Loose Change Final Cut trailer.
www.911wasrigged.org Mon, 04/09/2007 - 3:11pm
My take on a Loose Change Final Cut trailer.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lB1P2Jt0xpM
Give me some feedback on what you think.
www.911wasrigged.org's blog
In case you missed it in the Opening Post;
This is not an official Loose Change trailer.
Reprehensor on Mon, 04/09/2007 - 6:40pm.
I did...
and one more point.The truth is being told to all those smart enough to research it. This does'nt take long.
So with that i say........The truth needs to be HEARD!
WISDOM on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 7:45am.
I was ok up until the end
where you cut the flow by stopping the music, and inserted the larry quote, amid silence, then ended.
the whole point of a trailer is to end with the viewer wanting to see more. The way you ended it, it was like huh?
Sorry if I am not explaining it properly, just seemed odd. Was good until then tho. I liked how you used the lc music.
Physics/Science/Mathematics do not lie, only people do.
9/11 was an INSIDE JOB
CattleRustler on Mon, 04/09/2007 - 8:22pm.
? Good ?
I can wait for the official trailer though..... I want to hear A taste of Charlie's narration!!!
Together in Truth!
JJJames on Mon, 04/09/2007 - 8:40pm.
I thought it was a GREAT video. GOOD JOB!
sarastruth on Mon, 04/09/2007 - 10:29pm.
Getting to the Real Point
Maybe it's too dry to spend a lot of time on narrative, but it seems to me the most important point of LC FC should be that, above all, a new official investigation is called for.
bgiltner on Mon, 04/09/2007 - 10:52pm.
What, another cover-up? I don't trust the Gov't to honestly
investigate anything, let alone investigating themselves regarding 9/11!
Colombo on Mon, 04/09/2007 - 11:19pm.
That's why we usually say a
That's why we usually say a new INDEPENDENT investigation--which I'm sure is what bg meant.
Impeachment. Accountability. A better world.
olduser_01 on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 3:45pm.
Loose cHangout Final Cuban
I know I'm not the only one, so I figured we should get this out in the open.
I'm going to go on record now questioning the legitimacy of Loose Change as an honest truth film.
We've all heard by now of the admission by the Loose Change kids that their movie is flawed and that they left the errors in to promote debate (lame excuse.) More likely the mistakes were left in to enable the creation of anti-truth sites like Screw Loose Change. I realize a lot of people consider the Loose Change kids heroes of the movement--I remember how great it felt to watch it for the first time thinking FINALLY someone made a 9/11 truth film with real mass appeal. Not the dowdy Dave von Kleist's In Plane Site, or the eccentric Eric Hufschmid's painful deceptions, but instead an agglomeration of the two set to snazzy edits and hip rhythmic tunes. We marvelled at the precocious young filmmaker's ability to produce such a polished film with such fancy graphics. And we wondered what his two tag-along friends' roles were. But in the end it didn't matter--we felt a strong tide rising just after we first saw David Griffin lecture at the University of Wsiconsin.
But we know much more now than we did then.
We've seen the vast reach of disinfo, not just in the obvious caricatures of a Nico Haupt, but in the time-bomb ruthlessness of a Jim Fetzer. We know they are trying to destroy us with a diversity of tactics, heavy on infiltration and misplaced trust.
And so we come to a crossroads. Rosie O'Donnell has sounded the call in the mainstream media as the movement girds its loins for the release of LCFC. No explanation has been forthcoming (to my knowledge) as to the reasoning behind Loose Change's affiliation with anti-truth billionaire Mark Cuban. Criticism of Loose Change is dismissed by the boys and their fans as the griping of jealous player haters. And yet in a seemingly characteristic "debate" the Loose Change boys missed a clear opportunity to put Jim Meigs out of business. How hard would it have been to go through the Popular Mechanics article in order to put Meigs on the spot about any one of its many gross deceptions? Instead we get the boys getting upset and calling Meigs a liar, as left gatekeeper Amy Goodman, clearly having a good time, helps the boys reveal their ignorance of recent history by exposing the fact that they did not know that Dick Cheney was secretary of defense under George Bush.
Unfortunately what the boys revealed in that interview is that they, like their movie, are not really grounded in rigorous analysis of history. It is, as evidenced by the cottage industry of debunkiing sites it spawned, primarily Screw Loose Change, a collection of poorly sourced references to odd factoids peppered with some of the real issues, all receiving the same level of scrutiny which is to say not much. Most astoundingly the film does not include a single instance of the word Israel (go ahead and do a search through a transcript!) You don't have to be anti-semitic to wonder why these boys wouldn't "go there." In an America living under the stranglehold of the Israel lobby, the truth movement must stand up without fear and expose the almost inexhaustible laundry list of leads pointing to Israel--otherwise what's the point? I can understand a balanced approach including references to all the other foreign nations that possibly assisted in planning any aspect of the crime, but the complete omission of Israel in Loose Change is the nail in the coffin for the film's credibility, without even having to bring anti-truth billionaire Mark Cuban into the discussion.
When the time comes, when those who may be reluctant to speak out at this point see where LCFC begins taking the movement, and if that is indeed toward a limited hangout that preserves the evil muslim myth or by its omissions seeks to make bringing up Israel's role make one stick out like an anti-semitic thumb, when the Loose Change boys are screwing up another interview while basking with their shades on under the hot lights of fame and fortune, I hope people will grasp the importance of distancing ourselves from and actively opposing, as we did Nico Haupt and Jim Fetzer, the herd mentality that will no doubt ride roughshod over our efforts.
Yep, you heard me right--it's my opinion that Loose Change is disinfo. I see that some of you are coming towards me with a cross and some nails chanting DIVIDER! HERETIC! Well, do what you must. Some ideas live on precisely because they divide and flourish, even after a crucifixion...
Onward truthers!
Real Truther a.k.a. Verdadero Verdadero
WTCdemolition.com - Harvard Task Force
Real Truther on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 11:27am.
Egad, I hope you have one of these
casseia on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 11:38am.
I share similar concerns....
...why would the perps let this movie be made and distributed? It would seem all too easy to kill in the early stages....I don't really understand why that hasn't happened....
Cuban's actions (extinguishing Halifaxion's sites), remarks (O"Lielly interview) and biography are not reassuring, IMO.
And, I read here recently that the Carlyle Group owns something like 80% of the nation's movie theaters...is that true? Do we really expect them to show an honest 9/11 expose?
LCFC has been pushed back and pushed back...now Aug. 07. Delay is not our friend, it is the perps'.
Personally, at this point, I'd rather look forward to a well-financed extended version of Danse's "The Third Stage".....
I hope my concerns are baseless, and I really love many things about LCSE.....and in that vein....
....I still have tremendous confidence in David Ray Griffin (in spite of his emphasis on the ISI connection) however, and his vetting of the script bodes well...that is one reassuring aspect.
altruist on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 12:47pm.
Carlyle bought Loews
But they may have already sold it... not sure. Dunkin' Donuts is a recent Carlyle acquisition...
I should say that even if I'm right about about LC being some kind of disinfo, it will still raise the visibility of the fact that tehre are many unanswered questions--my concern is that it not become the Loose Change movement--that it be a departing point for much more rigorous and nuanced discussions by the public.
As awareness grows, an dthe debate occurs more and more on our terms, I think we can also afford to ratchet down the vitriol-we should NOT follow the example of Daryl Bradford Smith and Eric Hufschmid, who take criticism of Israel and Zionism to an uncomfortably and unnecessarily accusatory and shrill level. We cannot fault Jewish Americans or Israelis for recoiling in horror from these guys sometimes, particularly when they throw around labels like "crypto-Jew".
One of the things I learned from researching Lucky Larry's activities in trying to force a free trade zone into existence in Israel with his IEDC as the sole concessionaire is that we have more Jewish allies in Israel than many people think. Some leftist Israeli poltiicans went so far as to reasonably suggest that the laissez-faire zone desired by Silverstein could easily serve as a haven for the global drug trade, for example, not to mention the risk to fair labor standards. The concerns over the cheap labor that the free trade zone in the Negev desert would facilitate resonates with working Americans' own concerns over Bush's guest worker program--when it comes down to it, we are ALL natural allies against the corrupt elements who appeal to ethnic or religious bonds to get away with their crimes and pre-empt a united front against them.
By exempting criminal elements from scrutiny because they are either Israeli or Jewish is both wrongheaded and dangerous. Not only are the criminals aided by this but the divisiveness created breeds its own problems. There is a huge difference between preaching the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and pointing out the corrosive effects of blind nationalism disguised as "anti-anti-semitism" as practiced by demagogues like Alan Dershowitz, who has taken the defense of murderers to unparalleled levels in his career. Others, while not nearly as loud or effective, follow his lead when they pretend that the only reason people might have for speaking out against a Jewish mafia is anti-semitism. As if criticism of Al Capone, Lucky Luciano, or any number of other famous mob figures was a sign of anti-Italianism! It is time to call spades spades with impunity. Did Douglas Feith and other Jewish (and non-Jewish) neo-cons conspire to lie us into war in the middle east? Yes they did and it is disingenuous to say that this rabidly pro-Israel crowd was just in it for the oil.
Did Larry Silverstein attempt to strongarm Israeli hawks like Netanyahu and Sharon into giving him a piece of Israel in which to create an Ayn Rand fantasyland of corporate tyranny and criminality? And that among others was hired the wife of right-wing legend Newt Gingrich? Or that this sort of free-market zone was called for by Doug Feith and Richard Perle in their document A Clean Break: Securing the [Israeli] Realm? Are we wrong to think about what it means that this is the man who profited from the demolition of the WTC, an event "documented" by proven Israeli agents working for a Mossad front company owned by a man who imemdiately fled to Israel, leaving the shell company in disarray? And that the release of these agents was secured by none other than Michael Chertoff, a dual American-Israeli national whose relative assisted in the production of Popular Mechanics rambling coverup of 9/11? Does taking notice of these facts and believing them to be important to share with others make one an anti-semite? Obviously not, but anyone who does will be tarred with the same brush used on the likes of David Duke, who is given an inordinate amount of publicity by the same media who call us lunatics for questioning the free fall collapse of building 7.
These are just a few of the things that need to be discussed but are not discussed nearly enough. Can you imagine what would happen if Rosie raised tehse concerns? No offense to Rosie, because she is indeed the bravest of her colleagues, but questioning the collapse of building 7 is quite literally the least one could do with regard to exposing the truth about 9/11.
Will we be up for the challenge ahead? It's not easy to defuse a minefield of hatred maliciously sown by those with everything to lose from unity among peoples.
Real Truther on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 1:10pm.
I don't know about the
I don't know about the honesty of the film, but I do hope people stop expecting "the next big thing" to be the lifeblood of the movement, whether it's the next celebrity, next film, next breakthrough...
No person with a microphone is going to speak with precision accuracy every time, any film will be discredited in some circles if there is so much as an improper punctuation mark, and the release of new information will usually force previous assumptions to be revised.
Things get corrupted in many ways. People get corrupted for many reasons; sometimes they're aware of it and sometimes they're not.
Alex Jones has a big ego (despite his occasional "I'm a humble guy" protestations), and he wants to be known as the guy who "broke the story." That makes him succeptible to running with bad information at the same time he is doing a lot of good things. His radio personality is not everyone's cup of tea, and self-professed martyrs can be problematic. Solution? Don't mentally endow him with an elevated leadership role -- he's just one guy. Besides, the ball is rolling with him or without him.
The LC guys are very young and ill-spoken, and a significant percentage of people just won't take them seriously. They have a very high profile and they're being plied from many sides. Solution? LCFC is just one of many documentaries on 9/11, so whether it makes it into theaters or not doesn't make or break the movement. Another solution? "Hey guys -- how 'bout the next '9/11 Mysteries?' Don't you love Danse's new film? How many people have you sent it to? Got cable access channels in your 'hood? See if they'll show PFT."
Rosie's been great, but to put pressure on her to be an "official spokesperson" is a mistake. Who knows where that will lead? Solution? Celebrate the fact that she's encouraged a new wave of people to research 9/11, support her right to speak out, and get back to work.
No one has a bead on exactly what happened, who did what, and how it all fits together. Focus on the commonalities in all of the efforts --they add up to the fact that the official story is a lie. And that is why the dam is breaking.
LEH on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 1:12pm.
VERY well said
that's what I would write about Loose Change and Alex Jones if I wasn't such a playa hata... :)
seriously though you nailed it. isn't it great that it isn't just the same old same old anymore? doesn't that kind of fertility mean we are indeed a viable growing living movement?
thanks for putting the positive spin on what i feared might be a divisive broadside.
Michael Berger is an excellent representative. He's calm cool and collected. He seems to stay on point with effortless precision.
JJJames on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 3:38pm.
haha, you act like this is
haha, you act like this is the first time you've bashed Loose Change. heretic? not at all, you just fail to see or admit the overall positive impact that Loose Change has had. i dont trust Cuban either(or think that LC2E is perfect.far from it) but that isnt gonna blind me to the fact that LC2E has changed many minds about 9/11. also, considering Loose Change was far and away the most visible 9/11 related documentary on the net, does it surprise you that it has sites devoted to bashing/debunking it? you dont think that would have happened with WHATEVER 9/11 movie happened to make it to the top? as far as "maintaining the muslim myth" goes, i would say that LC2E shouldnt be your biggest target. i can think of at least 2 high profile 9/11 docs off hand that are more guilty of that charge. and as far as ignoring Israel goes, i couldnt agree more, Dylan and the guys were fucking cowards on that one and continue to be, but again that doesnt blind me to the cold hard FACT that the film has opened many many eyes. so the media seeks out the makers of the most visible 9/11 film who happen to be pretty young and therefor not as up on history as maybe they could be. that makes them disinfo?
Chris on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 7:43pm.
HERETIC! HERETIC! I'll light the fires--WITCH! He's a Witch!
Actually I respectfully disagree, but do take some of your points under consideration.
I think it's more likely, --if you are broadly correct, if not in specific cases--their enthusiasm and naivete has gotten them entagled with someone elses program.
Also--re: Amy Goodman interview--and I totally agree it was wince induceing in places--their behavior can just as easily be explained by anger, impatience and inexperience. AND the interview with our Mark and my Ronnie was 10X better--in exactly the way someone improves after having good constructive critizism about the last interview.
So, cards: Loose Change disinfo? Jenny says "no", but has an open mind and will consider new info.
I'm open to being proven wrong
and even would say I hope I'm wrong. to Chris--look man, I've said plenty of times how much Loose Chnage helped to raise awareness. It served a purpose at a point in time. It could just as easily serve a very different purpose at a point in time in the near future.
My purpose here (as it seems to often be) is to go with that nagging feeling because I realize a lot of others have the same nagging feeling but don't enjoy getting crapped on as much as I seem to.
When the time comes, if Loose Change Final Cut proves to live up to the hype, or even just be decent, then I will sing its praises as merited.
I just want people to know where I stand, in case others feel simialrly, so that we don't feel like lepers for having taken down our AJ and LC posters from our walls some time ago....
DRG is still up tehre, of course--man looks GREAT in speedo, for his age!
CONFESSION! He's a WITCH!
"Look at his hair!"
"That PROVES it!"
lol--BTW those are "Black Adder" references, 1st season, "Witch Smeller Pursuivant".
God, I'm such a geek.
Seriously, I respect what you're saying. My paranoi-a-meter is going off all the time--mostly false alarms. I do have questions about how this whole going public in major theaters is going to work. I'd feel less twitchy if they were focusing on art houses first--expecting to be picked up when the sales force theatre owners to go with their greed.
So I remain cautiously optimistic--but still cautious. ;-)
let geekdom reign
OK so I thought you were mangling Monty Python--She LOOKS like one! But I have to say I missed that Black Adder ref, though I've seen em all--and I was very nearly moved to tears by the finale of BA goes forth--the futility and insanity of war as seen from the front by the poor shmucks unlucky or stupid enough to end up there. Beeeh!
As for why the elites/perps find AJ useful/tolerable... I'm starting to think of disinfo as a continuum of sorts, where any and every truth is allowed to be spoken so long as it is muddled with a few choice flavors that limit its appeal. For an example I came across recently, check out www.saneworks.us, their mission and about us links, and tell me that it doesn't somewhat resemble something I would call "Alex Jones for the rabid neocon".
I think we who have had the truth of 9/11 burst our bubble tend to think of the truth as something that is guarded at all costs. In a way it is, but not by not being allowed to be spoken. As someone said, in America we're allowed to believe anything, but to know nothing. It foesn't matter how much AJ reveals, that is his role, in addition to flavoring the facts with a healthy dose of "mainstream joe repellent" in the form of a few extreme views, the bullhorn, etc. The elites/perps/we need a new word for them/people know that you can't possibly hide good information completely, so best to obscure it in an impenetrable fog of other info that makes exposing it problmatic for the would-be truthseeker.
Anything we discover has the potential to be disinfo and make us look like kooks. Think of the reaction of a total mainstream sheeple or whatever to AJ at first glance--damn what a freak! is many if not most poeple's reaction. The fact some of us still think so even after seeing him provide us with so much truth just goes to show that there is something rather "truth containing" about him that is more effective than any "truth vault". You can't deceive without credibility, and as more people discover the extent of the lies it becomes necessary to keep up. So of course the biggest lies AJ won't touch--let's say the fake moon landings or the exagerrated claims about the holocaust--those remain firmly in "REAL moonbat" territory. But are those really such outlandish and incredible claims? They are to AJ fans, but not to Hufschmid fans, who have all kinds of credibility issues to deal with. See what I mean?
AJ groupies make the mistake of thinking that they've found the holy grail (to tie it all back to Jenny's witches, or my confusion about them anyway) and become very defensive and protective of a certain narrative that seems to be telling them the whole truth--but how do they know if they don't know what he's actually intended to hide from them?
Compartmentalizing good knowledge to prevent its synthesis into the "master debunkation of the elites' (or whomevers--AJ would say NWO) would seem to be the goal. It's more managed than we really want to believe I think is the other problem--we like to think we have a fighting chance--and we do, as long as we avoid groupthink and constantly question and challenge our own personal orthodoxies and compare notes with other thoughtful and honest free thinkers, which is why I hold my tongue so as not to get banished from all yous for good!
cheers--RT gets on a plane tomorrow so if you don't see the secret coded message I passed around to everyone on these boards in the next few days, you'll know "they" got me. Whoever "they"is. ;)
Real Truther on Wed, 04/11/2007 - 1:42am.
Beeeh!
This mean you have a dicky bladder and a wooden leg? Or was that a dicky leg and a wooden bladder? Whichever--as long as it keeps you behind the lines and closer to Blightey, eh?
I found this very insightful:
"As someone said, in America we're allowed to believe anything, but to know nothing. "
I would add that the awareness of the difference between "belief" and "knowledge" are completely muddled in the American mind, or at least how it's discussed publically.
IMO, this is due to the historically strong influence organized religon has had on the States, for good or for evil. Unlike the Old World, whose democratic traditions developed out of rabble rousers speaking in town squares and public markets, in the States, even before the colonies suceeded, the habit was to discuss politics inside, and this was usually a church. And somewhere along the line "freedom of belief" turned into "freedom to ignore physical reality", then mutated into a "right to ignore physical reality".
This has made anyone Stateside trying to understand ANYTHING with adegree of mastery almost impossible, by the usual channels. Seriously, some adults should be suing the high ranking administrators of the school system who approve text books for the deliberate indoctrination of ignorance. The only reason I don't push this stronger is I KNOW they will find a way to pass the blame on to individual hardworking teachers. We have instiutionalized ignorance, as well as neglecting to teach people how to think logically--MY GOD--I'M TURNING INTO MY EX-BOYFRIEND! He'll get a laugh if he sees this--it's one of his peeves, that IMHO, he's overstated--but he's still basically right.
Anyway, yeah, --most of what you said. And casseia told me about that "saneworks" tot--I'll check it out when I'm done with the garden.
olduser_01 on Wed, 04/11/2007 - 2:52pm.
hahaha, no AJ or LC posters
hahaha, no AJ or LC posters here man, but i cant in good conscience let you shit on them as much as you always seem to without at least having a say. Alex Jones pisses me off in a lot of ways(obsessing over global warming and illegal immigration, focusing on religious issues too much etc.) and i tend to agree with you that he "fear-mongers" a bit too much, though i wouldnt put it like that. i feel like hes just letting people know about the most extreme possibilities if they dont wake up. personally i never really liked his style and felt he would be more effective if he toned it down. but to call him disinfo? if thats so hes doing one TERRIBLE job and should probably be fired. his website has some original stuff but mainly just links to other alternative news sites and has essays by people like Paul Craig Roberts, Kurt Nimmo and others. all disinfo? thats all my point is. i find it hard to believe that someone who does such a good job of putting such important and suppressed information out there is disinfo. yes, i know, disinfo is usually 90% fact. but tell me what the payoff is for Alex Jones handlers? hes been spreading the same type of info and news for over a decade at least. how many people has he woken up in that time? the (insert agency here) aint getting its moneys worth. as far as Loose Change goes, im not gonna lie, the very fact that its the biggest name in 9/11 truth(for better or worse) has me plenty worried about whats going to happen with it. not to mention the Cuban connection. and RT, seriously, DRG in a speedo? you had to do that? and for the record i usually agree with your "nagging feelings" on this site, haha.
thanks, RT
let the record show, i agree with you. not that i'm building silly alliances to highjack (no pun intended) threads.
as public enemy used to say, "don't believe the hype!"
"Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And when you look long into an abyss, the abyss also looks into you."Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil 89 (1886).
http://anti-neocons.com/
wolfowitz in sh... on Tue, 04/10/2007 - 10:13pm.
public enemy also said
fight the powers that be
that means essentially "subvert the dominant paradigm"
no better way to avoid being taken for a chump. if you doubt EVERYTHING, you'll only be wrong once. if you trust, you'll be wrong many times.
and wolf, it figures you'd agree, since I was lurkin on your own forum at anti-neocons for some validation before "coming out"as a loose change playa hata....


Breach of warranty is a term used for business or legal transactions that turn out to be false or erroneous. Let us take a look at the meaning and legal proceedings related to this term.
When we visit a dealer to buy a product, he makes tall claims about the efficiency of the product. He gives you a warranty deed stating that the product will function as claimed. However, after you bring home the product, within a few days or before the warranty expires, the product ceases to function. When you visit the dealer, he raises his hands and refuses to provide you with any help. When the product does not function according to the claims made by the dealer, and later on, you do not receive the stated service from the dealer, it is called a breach of warranty.
Warranty is the assurance given by one party to another party that the claims related to a particular product, service, etc., are true. It can be expressed or implied. If the claims are found to be false or erroneous, a breach is said to have occurred. The grieving party can seek a remedy from the court of law under this case.
In some transactions, it is understood by the buyer that the product is under warranty from the seller. This is called implied warranty. The seller does not need to express this in terms of statements, but is expressed by operation of law. When the product or service fails to adhere to the standards, it is called breach of implied warranty. If you purchase an inflatable tub that fails to inflate, it falls under this case.
Warranty of merchantability comes under implied warranty. This means the buyer expects the product to be in a particular form or state and if there are any hidden defects, it would lead to breach of merchantability. For example, if you purchase a color TV from a dealer, and he sends you a defective TV, that needs repairing from day one, it is called breach of merchantability. In many states, manufacturers cannot sell household consumer goods with the phrase 'sold as is'. It is illegal to waiver this type of warranty.
When a tenant rents a house, it is implied that the place is safe, livable, and adheres to the basic sanitation requirements. However, if the house is infested with insects, does not provide the tenant with hot and cold water regularly, or is unsafe to live in, it amounts to breach of habitability warranty. All the public areas of the building come under warranty of habitability. If the landlord fails to inform you of the possible hazards of living in the apartment, it amounts to breach of habitability. This includes a leaky gas connection, problems with the drainage, improper or broken fixtures like sinks, bathtubs, taps, etc. This does not apply in case the tenant himself is responsible for uninhabitable conditions.
When a party buys an insurance and the party selling the insurance are obligated to make complete and truthful disclosure regarding the policy, or if either of the party fails to disclose certain facts regarding the insurance or health or vehicle or anything that is insured, it will amount to breach of insurance. For example, if the insurance company claims to provide cashless treatment in case of an emergency, and fails to do so, then it falls under this violation. In case the person buying the insurance gives a warranty that he will keep his house locked, and secure it with the best security systems to avoid burglary. However, if burglary does occur, and it is found the owner did not lock his house and did not use any security system to protect it, the insurance company will not pay, as it appears to have breached warranty.
When a seller guarantees that for a specific period, the quality or performance of a product is assured and if any problem arises, it can be returned, replaced or repaired, it is called express warranty, and is given in writing as a 'Warranty' document. However, when certain components of the product cease to function or fail to operate before the period expires, it amounts to a breached warranty. The dealer is legally obliged or bound to provide replacement or repair of the product for free.
When proven that a breach of contract has occurred, the court may order the party at fault to pay for damages. The damages include refund or replacement of the product or service. If the dealer dishonors the warranty, he may be sued in court and penalized.
Most business or legal contracts, even real estate transactions, come under warranty. This helps safeguard the buyer as well as the seller from being taken for a ride. Speak to your lawyer regarding the case and take proper legal action, if needed.