Mutations, portmanteaus, or rabbits that are just too frisky?!
As I researched the cabbit and jackalope, I was surprised by the similarities. Not only are they both part rabbit, but they have those self-asserting names. What is it about rabbits that make such great hybrids?
This mythological hybrid is a combination of a cat and rabbit. Cabbits earn their place in the fictional world as many people have reported seeing them, but based on the impossibility that rabbits and cats can't breed, they're merely a fictional creature. Cabbits have existed since the dawn of mutation. These cats with chromosome abnormality are just lucky enough to stand out from the crowd of normal looking cats.
A jackrabbit and an antelope make up the anatomy of the Jackalope—the head and body of the rabbit and the horns of an antelope (in some cases, like the Herrick brother's original 1930's design, the creature has deer antlers).
This fictional creature has fooled minds across America for generations. What started as a piece of fictional work in the 13th century Europe, turned into a hoax for many people. However, this lore and the sightings of wild and alive jackrabbits may be explained by a disease called Shope Papilloma Virus in which tumors grown from the skin on the rabbit making it appear as if the animal has horns.
Regan stood at the glass door and stared into the cutest little face she'd ever seen. Well, okay, maybe nothing compared to a baby Orangutan, but this was pretty darn cute. The little guy was no bigger than the palm of her hand. What looked like a series of vent holes wrapped around a squarish head in a permanent smile. Eyes resembled peppermint candies, only gray with black stripes instead of white with red. Four legs stretched out, each individual toe pressed against the glass. Suction cups weren't even visible. How did they make it so he could stick to the glass?
The bot's head moved up then down. Regan pulled back. Did he just answer her? Regan slipped outside. "What are you doing over here?" She glanced at Link's house. Lights on, curtains drawn, she couldn't tell if anyone was home. The bot side-stepped to the edge of the door.
Oh, no! She couldn't let him get away. Regan clamped a hand around it. "You won't hurt me, will you?" She imagined being shocked or sprayed with mace.
The buzzing wings continued to move as she stepped into her room and closed the door. Restraining him might damage whatever controls they designed, but she couldn't let go. What if he freaked trying to get away and broke something, or worse, broke himself? But it'd be so awesome to see what he could do.
Link must have dropped the transmitter in her backpack when they bumped heads. Regan smiled, remembering the way his eyes had fixed on hers. After homeroom, she'd stuffed the backpack in her locker. No wonder Link seemed anxious last period. If only she'd known.
"Okay, you." Regan turned him so they faced each other. "I'm taking you back to Link, okay?" The bot lifted and lowered its head, eyes focused on her face.
Using one hand, she dumped the books out of the blue and white striped bag, then picked up the flashing beacon. "Is this what you're after?" The bot stared at the light, still smiling.
"No answer, well, we'll get to the bottom of this." She placed the transmitter inside the large opening. "Okay, in you go." Carefully positioning the robot inside, Regan didn't let go until she'd zipped all but a hand hole. Then she quickly pulled out her hand and zipped the rest. Immediately, the wings stopped buzzing.
"Bet you'll get a tracking chip if you don't already have one." She slipped the bag over her shoulder and hurried downstairs. Her parents sat at the dining room table off to the left, part of a large open floor plan with high ceilings and white walls.
While they ate soup out of the same two coffee mugs they used for this morning's coffee, Regan filled them in on the invention.
"And it flew from their house over to your room?" Dad eyed the backpack.
Stepping outside, Regan glanced at Link's house. Her curiosity over the robot shifted to a nervous excitement. A bit of a mystery, Link was smart and interested in something beyond football. What else did he care about? Family? Sports? Traveling? Would he even talk to her? She barely knew him. Was she crushing on him the first day she met him? For real?
When she and Noah had dated, the only butterflies she experienced came the first time they kissed. Maybe because they'd known each other since junior high. Both athletes, they shared similar friends and hung out in the same circles. It wasn't until a weekend between sophomore and junior year, when they participated in the same rock climbing excursion, that he started flirting. Then he asked her to homecoming, and they'd been exclusive until he broke up.
None of that mattered now. Once the reality sank in that Noah preferred the ease of moving on versus the discipline in waiting, Regan knew he wasn't that into her. And maybe she wasn't that into him. Maybe that's why there had been few butterflies. No excitement over what sort of conversation would take place, or what tingly sensation she might feel when a pair of attractive eyes met hers. What if she had only imagined the interest in Link's eyes?
Regan lifted her eyes to the light fixture hanging from a chain. How did she get herself into awkward situations like this? Because you chose to focus on a boy instead of the business at hand. And you wanted a new adventure.
"Shut up. This is hardly an adventure," she told herself as the door opened.
Link took it and pulled on the zipper.
Link placed the backpack on a bench inside the front door. This house mirrored hers with the open living room and foyer with tall ceilings and white walls. But the flooring was a gray tile with a beige rug covering most of it.
Link looked from her to the bag and back. His hair, a half-bedraggled mess, fell in waves around his face. Interesting, he didn't have the typical suit and tie vibe. Yet he didn't come across free-spirited either. So, mad scientist?
"Open it." Regan said to keep from chuckling over her observation. "I think it belongs to you." Noticing his socked feet, she kicked off her lace-ups.
His face went dead serious, and he practically ripped off the zipper.
"Sorry." He lifted out the robot. The eyes moved and settled on Link's face. Curious, Regan watched the robot focus then lift and drop its head.
Link's mouth fell open, and he looked at her, confused. "You had this the entire day? I was looking everywhere for it. Reese is about to kill me." He went back to texting.
"Intriguing." Link stashed his phone and picked up the robot.
Link's gaze met hers as Mrs. Davies disappeared around the corner.
"That's amazing. What else can he do … besides track his friend?" Regan pointed at the beacon.
"Anything. Walk, fly…" He stared at the control in his hand, contemplative. "Hey, Roxy…" Link called then placed the dragon-bot on the coffee table, opened a center drawer, and pulled out a small box.
"Who's Roxy?" Regan walked around the coffee table and sat at the very end of the couch.
The bot's tail and head moved side-to-side as it stood up.
"Ox 150. That's his name?" Regan folded her arms on top of her knees and studied the little guy who stood motionless as if waiting for orders.
He offered a shy, half-smile before shaking the container. Maybe he wasn't completely annoyed by her presence. An orange-striped manx came running down the open stairway at supersonic speed and slid on the hard floor, fighting for traction. Regan laughed as it regained footing and pranced toward Link, circling his socked feet.
The robot's wings opened fully and began to rotate and move up and down. Roxy immediately jumped on the table. 0x lifted into the air and turned. With a visual on the cat, he backed out of reach.
The robot zipped across the room and lowered to the floor. Roxy slipped off the table and attempted to meld into the shag carpet. She crept closer. At the edge of the remnant, the cat paused. Regan and Link both leaned forward. 0x flipped his tail.
The bot lifted into the air and zoomed across the room.
"That's the goal." No wonder Sasha was after him. Looks, humility, a brain. Now, a hidden sense of humor. He was so refreshingly different from the guys back home.
They dissolved in laughter as Mrs. Davies brought out a tray with two coffees and a small plate of cookies. "Regan, is your family adjusting well?" She set the tray on the coffee table.
Link blinked. "Uh…" He opened the robot's underbelly door and flipped a small switch.
"Of course he does. It's a beautiful night." Mrs. Davies winked then walked back toward the kitchen. Heat flooded Regan's face. Geesh. Was her crush that noticeable?
Regan grabbed her coffee, placed a cookie between her teeth, then picked up her shoes as she followed him outside. "So, what made you and Reese decide to make 0x150?" She spoke around the cookie, sat on the top step, and worked her feet into her shoes.
"Why? Can't you go to Stanford without a scholarship?" She shoved the rest of the cookie in her mouth.
He rolled his eyes and blushed. "What are your plans after high school?" He ate the remainder of his cookie.
She sipped her coffee. Surely there was something else to talk about. "Haven't you ever thought about just experiencing life? Have fun before you have to get so serious?" Dumb question since she was talking to the most serious guy she'd ever met.
Regan's face lit up. Link didn't know any other person who expressed themselves so openly, and he liked it. Most girls were puzzles he didn't have time to figure out, but Regan wore her emotions on the surface.
Link wanted to ask Regan more questions, dig into her life, but his best friend's face kept infiltrating his thoughts. Right after Physics class, Reese made it clear he was into her. Link studied the transmitter. He should call Reese, but he wasn't ready to end his time with Regan. It probably wouldn't happen again. Especially when she learned Reese was into hiking and all that outdoors stuff.
"You don't seem like a person who allows others to dictate her life." He draped his arms over his knees.
"Glad I could help." Too bad he couldn't talk about what was on his mind. The nightmares, the ghosts, the ever elusive—. The transmitter beeped and then a button on top blinked red.
"You should call him. I'm very sorry about the mix up." Regan drained her cup and handed it to him as she stood.
Wait. Why was she leaving? He didn't need to call Reese yet. She didn't need to go.
Do you want to come back for coffee again tomorrow? Want to see what else 0x150 can do? The words were ready to spill out, but she hurried down the steps.
Definitely. But how would he explain it to Reese? Regan obviously took his hesitation as a no, stuffed her hands in her back pockets, and backed up a step.
She took off at a fast walk, climbed her porch steps, and without a wave or second glance, disappeared inside her house.
Link pushed himself off the step. He made the right decision. His friendship with Reese was too important to jeopardize over a girl. Especially a girl who'd eventually find him boring. He closed the door a little harder than normal.
"Regan seems nice." His mom came from the kitchen area, toting a laundry basket.
"She is." Link picked up 0x and walked toward the stairs.
"Fine." He didn't stick around for more questioning. In his room, he dropped into his desk chair and fired up his computer as he called Reese.
"You're not going to believe what happened." Link filled him in on the details he couldn't fit in the earlier text. "I left the balcony door open." He stood and walked over to it. "I have a curtain hanging over it, but 0x maneuvered around it." Link examined the curtain then shut the sliding glass door and locked it.
The silence was deafening and Link understood. There was so much to assess. This meant 0x's potential was limitless.


text:
Tag: neem karoli baba
Psychedelics in Light of the Yoga Sutras
On October 14, 2013 October 14, 2013 By Yoga UniversityIn awakening, psychedelics, yoga, yoga sutrasLeave a comment
by Allowah
[Reader's Note: This piece was originally posted on the Reality Sandwich website and you can go there to read the many comments posted on this piece. Here's the link: http://www.realitysandwich.com/psychedelics_light_yoga_sutras .
I feel ok about posting it here because I am the piece's author : ) ]
"In addition to the LSD there were a number of other pills for this and that–diarrhea, fever, a sleeping pill, and so forth. He asked about each of these. He asked if they gave powers. I didn't understand at the time and thought that by "powers" perhaps he meant physical strength. I said, "No." Later, of course, I came to understand that the word he had used, "siddhis," means psychic powers."
~ Ram Dass on Neem Karoli Baba, from Be Here Now
"The beatific vision, Sat Chit Ananda, Being-Awareness-Bliss, for the first time I understood, not on the verbal level, not by inchoate hints or at a distance, but precisely and completely what those prodigious syllables referred to …"
~ Aldous Huxley, Doors of Perception
I never heard any of my teachers mention the Yoga Sutras, a collection of aphorisms on Yoga dating anywhere from 200 BCE to 500 CE and attributed to a sage named Patanjali. In the West today, the text has become the primary source on Yoga and is highly quoted and referenced, but it just didn't seem to be all that important to my Indian gurus. That said, much of what my traditional teachers were imparting to their disciples certainly meshed with what is found in the Sutras.
First and foremost, what is known as Raja Yoga, or Ashtanga Yoga, which is laid out in the Sutras, was assumed by all of my teachers. The Sanskrit word "Ashtanga" translates as "8 limbs," and these limbs are as follows:
1) Yama refers to the five abstentions.
* Ahimsa: non-violence,
* Satya: truth in word & thought.
* Asteya: Non-stealing
* Brahmacharya: Conservation of Sexual Energy.
* Aparigraha: Non-possessiveness
2) Niyama refers to the five observances.
* Shaucha: cleanliness of body & mind.
* Santosha: satisfaction/contentment.
* Tapas: austerity/physical & mental discipline.
* Svadhyaya: Self-study (Introspection), and Study of Sacred Texts.
* Ishvarapranidhana: surrender to (or worship of) God.
3) Asana: Discipline of the body: rules and postures to keep it disease-free and for preserving vital energy. Correct postures are a physical aid to meditation, for they control the limbs and nervous system and prevent them from producing disturbances.
4) Pranayama: control of breath.
5) Pratyahara: withdrawal of senses from their external objects.
The last three levels are called internal aids to Yoga (antaranga sadhana)
6) Dharana: Concentration of Mind.
7) Dhyana: steadfast meditation. Undisturbed flow of thought around the object of meditation (pratyayaikatanata).
8) Samadhi: oneness with the object of meditation.
My teachers all implicitly followed the above "8-fold Path" (Raja/Ashtanga Yoga), because they all assumed the primacy of meditation and Samadhi (meditation resulting in mystical union, or "cosmic consciousness"), seeing the other 6 limbs as a means to arrive at these last two. Meditation, in particular, was stressed repeatedly, especially by my main teacher, Amma, who would often exhort us to "Meditate, meditate, meditate!"; and if she had her way, we would all be meditating all day and night long. Once her Swami told us of how Amma had put him into a state of Samadhi for 24 hours straight, and Amma added: "Children, the day will come when you, too, will be absorbed in meditation for 24 hours in a day." I'm sure a lot of us were wondering, "Really? Which lifetime?," but we took the point that meditation is the most important of all practices.
If I am honest, I will tell you that I never had an experience of Samadhi beyond a taste of the lower Samadhis, such as "Bhava Samadhi," which is a trance state involving feelings of ecstasy and bliss. Most of these experiences came in the first couple years of my exposure to Yoga, and it was largely due to them that I continued on the path. Spiritual experiences that occur early on, I have always heard, are gifts of grace that are signs to the seeker that something is indeed happening, and serve to draw the aspirant more and more inward. Certainly this was the case with me, but over time these experiences became fewer and farther between, so that I was left wondering if perhaps I should try harder, or if they were just a passing stage in the journey.
Besides spiritual experiences, another milestone/by-product of meditation and other spiritual practices is what are known as "siddhis," often translated as "yogic powers," and sometimes "psychic powers." When I originally began the practice of yoga, I was attracted to the idea of gaining such special powers through my training. This was partly because I desired physical proof that my practices were bearing fruit, and I wasn't just wasting time and struggling in vain. Of course, with my experiences, with all of the little "aha" moments, and with all of the positive changes — indeed, the transformation — that yoga brought to my life, no further proof was needed, really. The only problem was that even though I knew I was a completely different person on the inside, it appeared that it was not always so obvious on the outside. My family, especially, wondered and worried about my somewhat cultish and cloistered behavior, concerned that I was wasting my precious Twenties doing impractical things like meditation that were inconsequential in terms of real world values.
My eldest brother, for example, would sometimes say things to me like, "Instead of meditating so much, I would like to see you really begin to develop a body of work as a singer/songwriter," to which I would respond, "Well, meditation is about going to the Source of all creativity, so it may seem like a waste of time, but it's actually a very wise investment of my time." I was heard, but not really understood or believed. So a part of me felt that once I was able to show my family that this wasn't all just airy fairy nonsense, then they would think differently about me. Certainly this was not the best reason for practicing (nor was the drive to have spiritual experiences), but I was green and can put it down to spiritual ignorance at that point.
Now the reader may wonder: Did I ever attain any siddhis? I cannot say for certain. I feel that I began to see glimpses of them (such as clairvoyance), and had I continued with my intense sadhana (yogic practice), who knows? At this point, I feel like I've lost much of whatever I had, but that's due to the choice I made to come back down to earth a bit. I did come into the presence of teachers, like Amma, who possessed such siddhis, and would sometimes display their powers, though usually only along the lines of clairvoyance (often referred to as "omniscience").
Returning now to the Yoga Sutras, there is a relevant sutra regarding the siddhis that begins the 4th and final chapter (pada) of the text, known as "Kaivalya Pada," or the chapter on liberation. The sutra reads as follows:
JANMAUSHADHI MANTRA TAPAH
SAMAADHI JAAH SIDDHAYAH
Janma = birth; aushadhi = herb, medicinal plant, drug, incense, elixir; mantra = incantation, charm, spell; tapah = heat, burning, shining, an ascetic devotional practice, burning desire to reach perfection, that which burns all impurities; samadhi = profound meditation, total absorption; jah = born; siddhayah = perfections, accomplishments, fulfilments, attainments, psychic powers.
Translation: "Siddhis are born of practices performed in previous births, or by herbs, mantra repetition, asceticism, or by samadhi." (Sutra 4.1) [i]
Essentially, for our purposes, this sutra says that via "aushadha," or herbs/drugs/plants, yogic powers can be attained. While this is fascinating information, unfortunately the sutras say nothing more about the subject, leaving us with many possible questions. Questions such as: 1) To what does "aushadhi" refer exactly?; 2) To which yogic powers do these herbs, aushadha , give rise? 3) How, exactly, do aushadha give rise to siddhis? 4) Is this sutra suggesting that it is permissible for a yogic aspirant to make use of aushadha as a means toward attaining success in Yoga? 5) Are all of the methods of attaining siddhis — past lives, herbs, mantra, tapas, and samadhi — of equal value, or are some better than others? 6) Why is the term "aushadhi" suddenly mentioned at the outset of the 4th and final chapter of the Yoga Sutras, and then not referred to again? These are some of the more basic questions that could be asked.
Fortunately, while we don't have much of a way of finding what the original meaning of sutra 4.1 is, we can at least refer to the considerable body of commentary on the sutras, in addition to contemporary teachers in the yoga tradition. As for the latter, let's consider first Neem Karoli Baba's words to Ram Dass, already quoted above.
"In addition to the LSD there were a number of other pills for this and that — diarrhea, fever, a sleeping pill, and so forth. He asked about each of these. He asked if they gave powers. I didn't understand at the time and thought that by "powers" perhaps he meant physical strength. I said, "No." Later, of course, I came to understand that the word he had used, "siddhis," means psychic powers."[ii]
Neem Karoli Baba, a highly advanced yogi and guru, is asking his disciple, Ram Dass, if his LSD (and other pills) gives the consumer of them siddhis. Now, many of those who followed Neem Karoli Baba or were around him felt/believed/knew that he himself possessed such yogic powers, but as far as anyone knows, they were not derived from any kind of pill or drug, but from his sadhana andtapasya, meaning his yogic practice and discipline. In fact, one of the siddhis he was believed to possess was the ability to know anything that he chose to know at any time (again clairvoyance/omniscience), in which case perhaps he already knew the answer to the question he put to Ram Dass (apparently he was a bit of a trickster).
Whatever may be the case, for our purposes, it is enough to know that Neem Karoli Baba connected Ram Dass's drugs to siddhis, because that is exactly what Sutra 4.1 appears to do. From this we would not be amiss in thinking that yogis like Neem Karoli Baba are well aware of this passage in the Yoga Sutras; or even if they are not aware of the specific passage, there is no doubt an understanding among yogis that yogic powers can obtained via herbs and/or drugs. It should also be well noted that Neem Karoli Baba ultimately told Ram Dass that "yogi medicine" such as LSD can give one a glimpse of Samadhi, but not the "highest Samadhi," as he put it.
Turning now to our questions raised regarding Sutra 4.1, what do the traditional commentators on the Yoga Sutras have to say?
First, let us consider the words of Vyasa, a great rishi, or seer-sage who is credited as the author of the "Yoga Bhashya," which is a highly regarded and referenced commentary on the Yoga Sutras. Though Vyasa's comments on Sutra 4:1 regarding aushadha are cursory and ambiguous, like the sutra itself, we can still get some sense of his general approach. The text reads as follows:
"By herbs, as for example with chemicals in an Asura's (demon's) abode, medicinal powers are acquired."
Swami Hariharananda Aranya notes the difficulty in Vyasa's passage:
"The commentator has mentioned about the abode of demons but nobody knows where it is, but it is certain that supernormal powers on a small scale can be acquired by the application of drugs." [iii]
That said, Swami Hariharananda notes, the "supernormal powers" acquired through drugs "have nothing to do with Yoga," and are "insignificant."
"Some in a state of stupor through the application of anaesthetics like chloroform etc. acquire the power of going out of the body. It has also been reported that by the application of hemlock all over the body similar power is acquired. Witches were supposed to practise this method. These powers are "insignificant." [iv]
Swami Satyananda Saraswati of the Bihar School differs slightly with Swami Hariharananda Aranya's view. He holds that the herbs to which "aushadhi" refers do indeed produce powerful siddhis, and such "psychic powers" are true siddhis, not insignificant or inferior. However, these herbs do not include LSD or ganja (marijuana), which have a deleterious effect on the body (and it is this to which Swami H. might have been referring). In his own words:
"Psychic powers can be obtained in five ways … Siddhis can also be had from herbs, but things like LSD and ganja are not to be included here because they cause disease and nervous disorders. These things cause depression of certain nerve centers and give rise to effects like samadhi, but they are not to be included in the herbs causing siddhis because they are of a lower type. Traditionally, aushadhi means the juice of certain herbs, such as anjana, rosayana, etc., but not LSD or ganja. The method of preparation is known to only a few responsible persons. These herbs are available in the Himalayas and nowhere else and bring about supramental states of consciousness.
"The effects of these herbs can be controlled through higher mental phenomena. There are certain preparations of mercury which are of great importance." [v]
Swami Satchidananda (the so-called "Woodstock Guru," who was wise to what his hippie yogi devotees were up to) differs from the above view in that he suggests that LSD and marijuana are indeed to be classed among the aushadha, and he agrees with Swami Hariharananda that siddhis obtained via herbs — any herbs — are of inferior value. He says:
"Patanjali…gives us some clues about the people who get some experiences through their LSD and marijuana. The so-called "grass" is an herb, is it not? Mushrooms could be considered herbs also … So, there are various ways of accomplishing the psychic powers. But normally it is recognized that all the others except samadhi are not natural. For example, using herbs means inducing siddhis by the use of certain external stimuli. It's not an "organic" siddhi. It may come and then fade away. So, siddhis should come in the regular process of Yoga, not through external stimuli." [vi]
Swami Satchidananda's point is that the siddhis acquired through unnatural, non-organic means such as herbs is only temporary, and thus should not be taken seriously by the yoga aspirant. This is a point that would be good to be taken to heart by many of those who dabble in psychedelics, for it is clear that for most such persons, both experiences and psychic powers fade once the effects of the drug wear off. On the other hand, let us not discount the report of shamans who are capable of retaining the powers obtained from their plant medicine.
BKS Iyengar echoes Swami Satchidananda's view somewhat in that he regards those siddhis gained via aushadha as inferior in that they can be lost due to a fall from grace. Writing his commentary on the Yoga Sutras in the mid-Sixties, Iyengar first spells out in greater detail the five ways of becoming an accomplished yogi (siddha):
1. By birth with aspiration to become perfect (janma);
2. By spiritual experience gained through herbs (or as prescribed in the Vedas),
drugs or elixir (aushadha)
3) By incantation of the name of one's desired deity (mantra);
4) By ascetic devotional practice (tapas);
5) By profound meditation (samadhi)
Iyengar then goes on to note why all five of these classes of siddhas are not equal:
"There is an important distinction between these means of spiritual accomplishment. Followers of the first three may fall from the grace of Yoga through pride or negligence. The others, whose spiritual gains are through tapas and samadhi, do not. They become masters, standing alone as divine, liberated souls, shining examples to mankind…
"Sage Mandavya and King Yayati developed supernatural powers through an elixir of life. Today many drug users employ mescalin, LSD, hashish, heroin, etc. to experience the so-called spiritual visions investigated by Aldous Huxley and others. Artists and poets in the past have also relied on drugs to bring about supernormal states to enhance their art." [vii]
Iyengar's mention of Huxley is interesting here, particularly as Huxley referred to the psychedelics as "moksha medicine" [viii], and had he lived to have read Iyengar's commentary, he no doubt would have been chagrined by Iyengar's "so-called spiritual visions" put-down. We will be considering Huxley's life and work shortly, but for now, let Iyengar's view be noted well, that the truly great yogis do not attain their high status through the medium of aushadha.
Let us also take note that Iyengar's point has been made and echoed by numerous other commentators. I.K. Taimni, whose commentary on the Yoga Sutras entitled "The Science of Yoga" has become one of the most well-regarded in the english language, translates "aushadhi" as "drugs," and similarly notes that
"Of the five methods given only the last based upon Samadhi is used by advanced Yogis in their work because it is based upon direct knowledge of the higher laws of Nature and is, therefore, under complete control of the will." [ix]
Taimni's point is that the Yoga Sutras, after all, are all about attaining Samadhi through yogic discipline, not via aushadha (this is not the "Aushadha Sutras," after all); indeed, he notes that all of the siddhis mentioned in the third chapter of the Sutras are obtained via what is known as "Samyama," which is the combination of concentration (dharana), meditation (dhyana), and absorption (samadhi). Like Iyengar, Taimni privileges the siddhis attained via Samyama above those obtained otherwise:
"The Siddhis which are developed as a result of the practice of Samyama belong to a different category and are far superior to those developed in other ways. They are the product of the natural unfoldment of consciousness in its evolution towards perfection and thus become permanent possessions of the soul, although a little effort may be needed in each new incarnation to revive them in the early stages of Yogic training. Being based upon knowledge of the higher laws of Nature operating in her subtler realms they can be exercised with complete confidence and effectiveness, much in the same way as a trained scientist can bring about extraordinary results in the field of physical Science." [xii]
As with Swami Hariharananda, Taimni concurs that such yogic powers in any case are of not much importance, even when they are "remarkable":
"Psychic powers of a low grade can often be developed by the use of certain drugs. Many fakirs in India use certain herbs like Ganja for developing clairvoyance of a low order. Others can bring about very remarkable chemical changes by the use of certain drugs or herbs, but those who know these secrets do not generally impart them to others. Needless to say that the powers obtained in this manner are not of much consequence and should be classed with the innumerable powers which modern Science has placed at our disposal." [xiii]
This reminds me of the story of the guru who chides his student for showing off how he can walk on water. "Why would you bother yourself with that," the guru laughs, "when the ferry works just as well, and might even be quicker?!!" Needless to say, perhaps, displaying one's powers was/is generally not considered a wise course of action.
Two slightly more contemporary commentators have something quite similar to say regarding sutra 4:1. Krishnamacharya's son, TVK Desikachar, in his relatively more recent book, The Heart of Yoga, remarks:
"The Vedas describe various rituals whereby the taking of herbal preparations in a prescribed way can change one's personality … Only the practices described in earlier chapters [of the Yoga Sutras] to reduce and render the five obstacles [to yoga] ineffective can guarantee the end of these tendencies. Genetic inheritance, the use of herbs, and other means cannot be as effective." [xiv]
The well-known scholar of Yoga, Georg Feuerstein, likewise mentions the ancient Vedic rituals, implicitly accepting their validity, though downplaying their ultimate value:
"The use of herbal concoctions may seem surprising. Yet this tradition goes right back to vedic times and ritual quaffing of the soma (fly-agaric?). At any rate, nowhere in the Yoga-Sutra or any other Yogic scripture do we find the claim that drugs can replace the years of self-discipline and commitment demanded of the yogin." [xv]
One other traditional teacher who added to this overall consensus on the superiority of Samadhi was Swami Prabhavananda, who commented on Sutra 4:1 as follows:
"Certain drugs may produce visions but these are invariably psychic — not spiritual, as is commonly believed. Furthermore, they may cause prolonged spiritual dryness and disbelief and may even do permanent damage to the brain…Concentration [samadhi] is the surest of all the means of obtaining the psychic powers." [xvi]
Swami Prabhavananda makes an interesting point, and one well worth considering. We are all familiar with the phenomenon of "chemical burnout," which generally comes from years of taking psychedelics (and perhaps other drugs), usually in a less than disciplined way. So while the long-term effects of psychedelics are still not fully known, it is clear that for some they do seem to have a deleterious effect. Even for myself, who have almost exclusively ingested or smoked plant medicines (Ayahuasca, San Pedro, Marijuana) and done so but a handful of times, I wonder whether the expansive, ecstatic experiences are a corrective to my own spiritual dryness and jadedness, or are in fact adding to them. Were the experiences even real (if anything is)? Where was God? Won't I be spoiled now for all of the beautiful little gifts of grace the universe throws my way every moment of every day? Etc., ad nauseum.
What is needed, it seems to me, is a constant connection with Source, one that is not dependent on any outside factor, such as a drug or herb or elixir or other concoction. On this, I am in agreement with the traditional commentators above. True, the path of aushadha might just be a viable one for some already advanced souls, but they also could be a trap or distraction for others, including myself.
That said, the fact that herbs that give rise to siddhis are mentioned at all in the Yoga Sutras is significant, and should give us pause. One wonders what the traditions around the use of aushadha are, and if it in reality is a real, viable yogic path, on equal par with the practice of "Samyama" that the Yoga Sutras privileges? What about the preparations of the juice of the herbs "anjana" and "rosayana" which Swami Satyananda Saraswati mentioned? To answer these and other questions I turned to the work of some of the more recent commentators on these subjects, including my Yoga and Ayurveda teacher, Dr. David Frawley, as well as Dr. Robert Svoboda and Pandit Rajmani Tigunait (current head of the Himalayan Institute).
In his book, Inner Quest: Yoga's Answers to Life's Questions, Pandit Rajmani Tigunait discusses at some length the use of herbs in connection with spiritual practice. Among other things, he notes the connection of herbs not so much with the path of Raja/Ashtanga Yoga, but of Tantra and Kundalini:
"According to Ayurveda, especially the tantric version, herbs are the embodiment of the living goddess. If applied properly they release divine energies — to heal not only the physical aspect of our being, but the mental and spiritual aspects as well…[Using herbs as part of one's spiritual practice] is briefly introduced in the first sutra of chapter four of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. It is greatly elaborated in the tantric scriptures, as herbs play a significant role in the advanced practices of Tantra and kundalini yoga." [xv]
Admittedly, I know very little of Tantra, much less the tantric scriptures. Again, this is as a result of who my gurus were, which was decidedly not tantric gurus. Amma would on occasion strongly caution us against reading any tantric books, and my other teachers also never had anything to say about Tantra, and if they had, it probably wouldn't have been anything good. Like many others, I had only heard of "tantric sex," and hints of other forbidden things, and somehow it seemed to me to be a path for the wild, impure ones. And at that point, at least, I was not too tempted to take a walk on the wild side.
Interestingly enough, though, on my first trip to India to see Amma, my Australian friend Billy advised me to purchase a copy of Dr. Robert Svoboda's Aghora: At the Left Hand of God, which is all about the tantric path, and it served as my first real introduction to the subject.
One of the first and most important things I learned from Svoboda's book is that just as there is white and black magic, similarly, Tantra is divided into "righthanded" Tantra (Dakshinachara), and "lefthanded" Tantra (Vamachara). It is really only the latter which involves the "5 m's," namely: 1) Madya (wine); 2) Mansa (meat); 3) Matsya (fish); 4) Mudra (gesture); and 5) Maithuna (sexual intercourse). Still, both right and left-handed Tantra are legitimate paths, though both Drs. Frawley and Svoboda suggest that the Vamachara path is but a means to the Dakshinachara path, and not an end in itself.
Dr. Frawley has put it this way:
"Tantra is divided into the right handed and left handed Tantras. The right handed or Dakshinachara adheres to the Yamas and Niyamas of the Yoga system, including following a vegetarian diet. The left handed or Vamachara system includes the use of intoxicants, including alcohol and psychedelic or mind-altering drugs, and the eating of meat, but sanctified in a ritualistic context to make them spiritually beneficial. The Vamachara system uses the more overt sexual Yogas, though the Dakshinachara tradition is not opposed to sex in a sanctified relationship.
"Generally speaking, the right-handed Tantra is more for those in whom Sattva guna predominates. The left-handed Tantra is for those in whom Rajas and Tamas predominate.
"There are some Tantric teachers today who do claim that a meat diet and other Vamachara practices are a better and quicker way to reach Self-realization. They may claim that the Dakshinachara or sattvic approaches are not possible for people to really do today and only result in repression. This tradition does exist for those who want to follow it. Yet while the Vamachara done sincerely can be a valid path, particularly in the modern cultural context, it is a stepping stone to Dakshinachara, not a substitute for it." [xvi]
Dr. Svoboda's teacher, Swami Vimalananda, likewise suggests that the goal of Vamachara Tantra is Sattva. In a section on the subject of intoxicants and the "Left Hand Path," Swami Vimalanda says:
"This is the true test of an Aghori: From full-blown Tamas he must graduate to pure Sattva, love for all." [xvii]
In the end, Swami Vimalananda says he gave up intoxicants when he
"realized that the greatest intoxicant there is exists within me at all times. It is free, easy to use, harmless, and never gives me a hangover. It is the name of God. It gives the best concentration of mind. The effects of alcohol or marijuana or whatever will wear off by the next day, but the intoxication caused by God's name just goes on increasing; there is no end to it. I use it all the time, and it always works for me. No matter what has been my problem, the holy name of God has always been my solution. This is true Aghora. Forget all the externals; only when your heart melts and is consumed in the flames of your desire for your Beloved will you ever come close to qualifying to learn the true Aghora." [xviii]
In other words, in our context, this means that psychedelics are not the end-all and be-all of yoga, but a stepping stone to arrive at a clearer, purer realm of being and experiencing. This would involve ultimately graduating from psychedelics to a more Sattvic path involving vegetarianism, sexual moderation, austerity, meditation, and other "chemical-free" practices. [xxi]
Some are under the misconception that the yoga path absolutely forbids intoxicants, and perhaps especially mind-altering drugs, but here we see that this is not the case; rather, it is more a matter of more ideal vs. less ideal, where the path of chemically-enhancing one's practice is not considered the most ideal. This misconception is fairly widespread, such that even I was a bit surprised when Dr. Frawley wrote to me the following:
"Intoxicants may be helpful on an outer level for some yoga practitioners, particularly to open them up to higher possibilities. Many ancient and tribal cultures have their sacred plants that can be used for such purposes. However, there is a tendency to abuse such plants or use them in a non-sacred way, so one should be very cautious in their application."
I really thought that Dr. Frawley would give me more of a hard-line, like, "Psychelics and Yoga do not mix — period!" But clearly, thankfully, it's all in one's intent, and if one's intent is to use the given plant or chemical in a sacramental way, then that is permissible. But again, the user must remember that once one is "opened up to higher possibilities," as Dr. Frawley put it, then it is advisable to move on to a slower, but steadier and more reliable practice, such as "the name of God," as Swami Vimalananda suggested (and "mantra," we will recall from Yoga Sutra 4:1, is also a legitimate path to perfection/siddhi).
Now it might be asked: Although this all makes perfect sense on paper, how does it actually all play out in real, postmodern, hurtling-toward-2012 life? Because if I look at my own experience, according to this model, I actually started out on a fairly Sattvic path, and maintained it for years, but more recently I have taken a decided turn towards left-handed Tantra, including the use of psychedelics. Did I fall from the path? Or did I just become a bit impatient to have certain experiences of other realities that I was losing faith that I ever would? Put another way: Have I digressed and devolved, or is this somehow all a necessary step in my own "soulular" evolution?
And what about someone like Terrence McKenna, who went as far as to say that practices like chanting and meditation don't even make much sense except in the context of the shamanic journey? [See previous footnote] Would McKenna have found his way to in any way accept that to further his evolution he might have to forgo his psychedelic sessions in favor of, say, vipassana meditation? For now, let it be remembered that the Yoga Sutras do say that aushadhais one path to the attainment of "siddha-hood"; or, we might say, psychedelics are their own path, their own discipline, and Terrence was faithfully following it.
Now what about these "siddhis," or yogic powers? I had often heard and read that such powers are "milestones" along the path to enlightenment or Self/God-realization — they are not to be sought or abused, but rather to be seen as mere by-products along the journey of awakening. Yogananda, for example, discusses this point in Autobiography of a Yogi, noting that some yogis abuse such powers, demonstrating them for the sake of fame or fortune (as does Paul Brunton in a contemporary work to Yogananda's, A Search in Secret India). More recently, however, in his book on the Yoga Sutras entitled Yoga, Power, and Spirit: Patanjali the Shaman, Alberto Villodo, Ph.D. maintains that according to Patanjali,
"the siddhis are essential to achieving samadhi, which is the true power … to deny them [the siddhis] is to deny your ultimate freedom. You can only step beyond these powers once you've acquired them. Renouncing them beforehand, as many practitioners of yoga do, mimics yet forestalls the true liberation… In addition, renouncing the siddhis, as some yoga teachers today advocate, keeps you powerless, and perpetuates your suffering as a victim." [xxii]
This is a point well-taken, considering that the Yoga Sutras do describe a number of these siddhis, ranging from clairvoyance, knowledge of past and future events (including one's past lives), the power to make oneself minute or even invisibile, superhuman strength, conquest of hunger and thirst, among others. Again, these all result from the practice of "Samyama." But what of siddhis that arise through other means, such as use of aushadha — are they comparable?
As we have seen, Iyengar and others note that while such siddhis might indeed be equivalent to those gained via Samyama, they are generally not permanent acquisitions of the aspirant, but are rather subject to loss due to a "fall from grace," or by some other means. This is an interesting point, and to really check its validity would perhaps require a very careful study of shamanism. For the time being, perhaps, we can at least consider anecdotal evidence.
For my part, I recently met a woman who had a quite harrowing LSD trip in the early Seventies and was never the same afterwards, not only because of the trauma, but because the LSD seems to have given her the ability to perceive unseen levels of reality. Today in her work she offers the shamanic healing technique of "soul retrieval," as well as working in other therapeutic modalities that require access to these hidden dimensions. For her, at least, the effects of her psychedelic experience have lasted for more than 3 decades. Dr. Rick Strassman told me via email that he knows of a similar case, but here the woman's psychic powers went away once she became a Christian. Dr. Strassman wrote,
I recently got an e-mail from a Christian woman, who when younger, was slipped some PCP, which "opened the portals" for her to have all kinds of paranormal, psychic, experiences. She's a reasonable sounding woman, so I don't think she was psychotic. She and her husband became serious Christians and the portals seem to have closed. How exactly do you mean "clairvoyant"? This woman wasn't seeing things from a distance, for example.
It might be helpful to look into other "accidental" ways of acquiring such powers, such as through Near-Death Experiences (NDE's). It seems a significant portion of those claiming to have had such experiences also maintain the experience left them with such powers (the movie "Resurrection" deals with this). Astral projection, or out-of-body experiences, are also another avenue for exploring this issue. In general, however, we can say that such claims remain difficult to prove or disprove; and in most cases of psychedelic use, the experience, and whatever psi powers attend it during the "trip," generally disappear once the experience fades, or if not all at once, then eventually.
Such has been my experience thus far: As real and as powerful and transformational as my psychedelic experiences have been, it is amazing that so little of it actually has stayed with me. Perhaps if I did them more often, and in an even more disciplined way, the case would be different, but for right now, I am left with the sense that these things are so transitory to the point of being almost unhelpful as far as gaining siddhis, or attaining to Samadhi. This is not to diminish the value of having a glimpse, however paltry it might be, of Samadhi, as well as all of the other lessons that went along with that, don't get me wrong; it is just to suggest that unless approached in a disciplined way as a discipline, the deeper lessons of these plant teachers might be missed.
Postscript: Since writing this essay, I read Padmani's interesting piece, "Insects, Yoga, and Ayahuasca," published by Reality Sandwich. One thing which is certainly applicable here is Padmani's mentioning that "practices such as pranayama (breath control) and asana (physical exercise) — the two most important components of modern yoga practice in the West — are considered chemical means ["aushadhi"], according to Shri Brahmananda Sarasvati, because they work by causing biochemical changes in the body and mind." While I have not yet located the primary source for this (maybe Padmani could help?), I feel this to be a very important point — that we are indeed inducing changes in brain chemistry via the practice of Hatha Yoga, which is one reason why more and more people are becoming "addicted" — for better and/or for worse. I should also note that I thought to send this piece to RS because of Padmani's piece, hoping that this might clarify some points she made, as well as move the discussion a bit further along.
[i] This is largely based on BKS Iyengar's translation of the Yoga Sutras in "Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali," ("Patanjala Yoga Pradipika), Thorsons, Hammersmith, 1966/1996, p. 230.
[ii] A paraprhrase of the story told by Ram Dass in "Be Here Now," Lama Foundation, New Mexico, 1971 (no page number listed).
[iii] As quoted in Swami Hariharananda Aranya, "Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali," SUNY Press, 1983, p. 346.
[iv] Ibid, pp. 346-347.
[v] Ibid.
[vi] Ibid, p. 346.
[vii] Swami Satyananda Saraswati, "Four Chapters on Freedom: Commentary on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali," Yoga Publications Trust, Munger, Bihar, India, 1976, 2000, pp. 307-308.
[viii] Swami Satchidananda, "The Yoga Sutras of Patanajali: Commentary on the Raja Yoga Sutras," Integral Yoga Publications, 1990, p. 207.
[ix] Unfortunately, most of this evidence is anecdotal. For more on this, see Roger Walsh, M.D., Ph.D., "The World of Shamanism: New Views of an Ancient Tradition," Llewellyn Publications, 2007, pp. 223-234.
[x] BKS Iyengar, op. cit., pp. 230-231.
[xi] In his last book, the utopian novel, "Island," which we will be discussing at greater length in a later chapter.
[xii] I.K. Taimni, "The Science of Yoga." The Theosophical Publishing House, Wheaton, Illinois 1961/1999, p. 378.
[xiii]Ibid, pp. 382-383.
[xiv] T.K.V. Desikachar, "The Heart of Yoga: Developing a Personal Practice," Inner Traditions International, Rochester, Vermont, 1995, pp. 203, 206.
[xv] . Georg Feuerstein, "Yoga-Sutra of Patanjali: A New Translation and Commentary." Inner Traditions International, 1979, 1989, p. 126.
[xvi] Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood, "How to Know God: The Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali," p. 203.
[xvii] Pandit Rajmani Tigunait, Ph.D. "Inner Quest: Yoga's Answers to Life's Questions." Himalayan Institute Press, Honesdale, Pa, 1995/2002, pp. 112-117.
[xviii] Dr. David Frawley, "Advanced Yoga and Ayurveda Course," pp. 116-117.
[xix] Dr. Robert Svoboda, "Aghora: At the Left Hand of God," p. 184.
[xx] Ibid, pp. 185-186.
[xxi] Krystle Cole, who started the popular "Neurosoup," says as much in her YouTube videos, though she and most will admit that practices such as meditation, chanting, breathing, etc., are not as powerful as a relatively high dose of a psychedelic. Terrence McKenna suggested that "mantra, yantra, tantra" in addition to psychedelics could be very effective, and not nearly so much on their own.
[xxii] Alberto Villodo, Ph.D., "Yoga, Power, and Spirit: Patanjali the Shaman," xxv.
Image by autan, courtesy of Creative Commons license.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1) When is news not really news?
The Newseum – a museum devoted to the news business – recently held an event to honor journalists killed in the line of duty. Included in that honor members of Hamas who were killed by Israel this past November.
May said that a decision would not be made before speaking with the CEO of the Newseum.
Does the New York Times know the difference between a reporter and propagandist?
Hamas leadership raised the initial capital for the station shortly after the January 2006 Palestinian elections. At that time, donors contributed half a million dollars for the channel, which was to be headed by members of Hamas, and shortly thereafter, Hamas leaders negotiated broadcasting arrangements with a satellite television provider. As of late 2009, the Hamas headquarters in Damascus, Syria, allocated hundreds of thousands of dollars for Al-Aqsa TV's budget, and senior Hamas officials continued to control the station's operations.
Fathi Hammad, the former director of Al-Aqsa TV, currently serves as the Hamas interior minister in Gaza, is a former senior member of Hamas's military wing in Gaza, and as of 2007, was a member of the Hamas Shura Council. Hammad has supervised the construction of smuggling tunnels for Hamas and has encouraged the building and use of homemade weapons for use against Israel. In May 2009, Dr. Mahmud Abu-Daf replaced Hammad as the head of Al-Aqsa TV. Abu-Daf is a senior Hamas figure who served as a member of the Hamas Shura Council and Political Bureau.
Hamas, a Specially Designated Global Terrorist backed by Iran, has intentionally killed hundreds of civilians, including U.S. citizens. Its violent takeover of Gaza in 2007 has allowed continued rocket attacks against Israeli cities and civilians within range of the territory. As of this year, Hamas has continued to ignore demands from the international community to renounce violence and accept the other Quartet principles, including the recognition of Israel and a commitment to abide by past diplomatic agreements. Moreover, statements by Hamas leader Khaled Mish'al indicate that the group continues to produce and smuggle weapons into Gaza.
The interior ministry in thugocracies like that of Hamas in charge of internal security, in other words, the police and security forces. These are the people who enforce the rule of Hamas.
Last week Jonathan Tobin had more about the topsy turvy moral world of the news business.
The Newseum made the announcement just minutes before the induction of several new reporters into its Journalist Memorial, which honors members of the media who have been killed in the line of duty.
"Serious questions have been raised as to whether two of the individuals included on our initial list of journalists who died covering the news this past year were truly journalists or whether they were engaged in terrorist activities," the museum said in a statement posted to its website.
"We take the concerns raised about these two men seriously and have decided to re-evaluate their inclusion as journalists on our memorial wall pending further investigation," the statement said.
I give BuzzFeed credit for promoting this story, but what was troublesome about BuzzFeed's coverage was its framing of the controversy as between the Newseum and a pro-Israel group, the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. This should have been an issue taken up by anyone who cares about democracy and freedom of the press. That the Newseum would choose to honor members of Hamas (or, for that matter, the Syrian and Iranian regimes) as members of the press calls into question whether it understand the values it claims to champion.
Wednesday, Prof. Jacobson covered the on-again/off-again controversy of Stephen Hawking's canceled trip to Israel.
Organizers of the fifth annual Israeli Presidential Conference, held under the auspices of President Shimon Peres, said they had received a letter over the weekend from Dr. Hawking, a longtime Cambridge professor, announcing his decision.
Cambridge issued a statement indicating that Dr. Hawking had told the Israelis that he would not be attending "based on advice from Palestinian academics that he should respect the boycott," according to The Associated Press.
I wonder who Dr. Hawking's interlocutors are among "Palestinian academics?" Are they professors who can freely explore new ideas without fear of losing their jobs or freedom? Israel Maimon is correct. The problem inst not just that Hawking, in embracing the boycott of Israel, denies "the spirit of liberty." He came to his decision in consultation with those who operate in an environment that deprives them of their liberty to do their jobs and pursue inquiries without official interference.
The irony is sharpened by the fact that Israel's openness fostered the creation of technology that allows Hawking to communicate and develop therapies to fight the illness that has robbed him (and others) of so much.
Simon Plosker offers additional thoughts on the controversy.
Hamas has the same kind of journalists that are found in the MSM: propagandists. So, of course the Hamas brand will be included!
A museum to dead journalists?


text:
انعكاس اخبار علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي در مطبوعات كشور: مطالعهي موردي روزنامه ايران
: Reflection of knowledge and information science's news in the press: A case study of Iran newspaper
Yazdan Mansourian, Omid Alipour
Libraries Research Group
Ageing Well Research Group
Environmental and Social Justice Research Group
Information and Communication Studies
Islamic Azad University
Background and Aim: The present study aims to explore the coverage and reflection of Knowledge and Information Science news in the Iranian press. Iran Newspaper which is one of the main public newspapers in the country has been selected as the case for this study. Method: This study used content analysis as its research methodology and adopted an inductive approach in data analysis. All the pages of this newspaper during a year (from March 2011 to March 2012), were downloaded from the newspaper website and their contents were inductively analyzed to identify Knowledge and Information Science related news. Results: Iran Newspaper, as one of the most well-known and public press in the country, hascovered the Knowledge and Information Science news with a reasonable coverage and comprehensiveness. However, the reports are mainly descriptive with less analytic perspective and there is a gap for more analytical news. The collected data were categorized into seven categories and all the concepts and subcategories were presented in the tables. The main identified categories in this study include: Tehran International Book events, other book exhibitions and cultural events, meetings and book awards, reflection of the news related to book and publication industry, scientometrics, reading and its promotion and hinders.Conclusion: There is a gap of the news from ILISA (Iranian Library and Information Science Association) and also popular notes written by Knowledge and Information Science scholars,librarians and Knowledge and Information Science students. As a result it seems ILISA could be more active in publishing its news and use popular press to introduce this area to the public and promotes its activities in the public domains.
Reflection of knowledge and information science's news in the press: A case study of Iran newspaper
Human Information Interaction
https://hii.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2455-en.html
Dive into the research topics of 'Reflection of knowledge and information science's news in the press: A case study of Iran newspaper'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Knowledge Social Sciences 100%
News Flow Social Sciences 66%
Information Science Social Sciences 50%
Newspapers Social Sciences 50%
Books Social Sciences 33%
Iran Social Sciences 25%
Press Social Sciences 25%
Associations Social Sciences 16%
Mansourian, Y., & Alipour, O. (2014). انعكاس اخبار علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي در مطبوعات كشور: مطالعهي موردي روزنامه ايران. Human Information Interaction, 1(1), 1-9. https://hii.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2455-en.html
Mansourian, Yazdan ; Alipour, Omid. / انعكاس اخبار علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي در مطبوعات كشور: مطالعهي موردي روزنامه ايران. In: Human Information Interaction. 2014 ; Vol. 1, No. 1. pp. 1-9.
@article{707c52a1027e429fb25cb98665ae6e1a,
title = "انعكاس اخبار علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي در مطبوعات كشور: مطالعهي موردي روزنامه ايران",
abstract = "Background and Aim: The present study aims to explore the coverage and reflection of Knowledge and Information Science news in the Iranian press. Iran Newspaper which is one of the main public newspapers in the country has been selected as the case for this study. Method: This study used content analysis as its research methodology and adopted an inductive approach in data analysis. All the pages of this newspaper during a year (from March 2011 to March 2012), were downloaded from the newspaper website and their contents were inductively analyzed to identify Knowledge and Information Science related news. Results: Iran Newspaper, as one of the most well-known and public press in the country, hascovered the Knowledge and Information Science news with a reasonable coverage and comprehensiveness. However, the reports are mainly descriptive with less analytic perspective and there is a gap for more analytical news. The collected data were categorized into seven categories and all the concepts and subcategories were presented in the tables. The main identified categories in this study include: Tehran International Book events, other book exhibitions and cultural events, meetings and book awards, reflection of the news related to book and publication industry, scientometrics, reading and its promotion and hinders.Conclusion: There is a gap of the news from ILISA (Iranian Library and Information Science Association) and also popular notes written by Knowledge and Information Science scholars,librarians and Knowledge and Information Science students. As a result it seems ILISA could be more active in publishing its news and use popular press to introduce this area to the public and promotes its activities in the public domains. ",
keywords = "Qualitative content analysis, Newspapers, Library and Information Science (LIS), Public newspapers, The press",
author = "Yazdan Mansourian and Omid Alipour",
note = "Includes bibliographical references.",
language = "Other",
journal = "Human Information Interaction",
Mansourian, Y & Alipour, O 2014, 'انعكاس اخبار علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي در مطبوعات كشور: مطالعهي موردي روزنامه ايران', Human Information Interaction, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-9. <https://hii.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2455-en.html>
انعكاس اخبار علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي در مطبوعات كشور: مطالعهي موردي روزنامه ايران. / Mansourian, Yazdan; Alipour, Omid.
In: Human Information Interaction, Vol. 1, No. 1, 01.2014, p. 1-9.
T1 - انعكاس اخبار علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي در مطبوعات كشور: مطالعهي موردي روزنامه ايران
AU - Mansourian, Yazdan
AU - Alipour, Omid
N1 - Includes bibliographical references.
N2 - Background and Aim: The present study aims to explore the coverage and reflection of Knowledge and Information Science news in the Iranian press. Iran Newspaper which is one of the main public newspapers in the country has been selected as the case for this study. Method: This study used content analysis as its research methodology and adopted an inductive approach in data analysis. All the pages of this newspaper during a year (from March 2011 to March 2012), were downloaded from the newspaper website and their contents were inductively analyzed to identify Knowledge and Information Science related news. Results: Iran Newspaper, as one of the most well-known and public press in the country, hascovered the Knowledge and Information Science news with a reasonable coverage and comprehensiveness. However, the reports are mainly descriptive with less analytic perspective and there is a gap for more analytical news. The collected data were categorized into seven categories and all the concepts and subcategories were presented in the tables. The main identified categories in this study include: Tehran International Book events, other book exhibitions and cultural events, meetings and book awards, reflection of the news related to book and publication industry, scientometrics, reading and its promotion and hinders.Conclusion: There is a gap of the news from ILISA (Iranian Library and Information Science Association) and also popular notes written by Knowledge and Information Science scholars,librarians and Knowledge and Information Science students. As a result it seems ILISA could be more active in publishing its news and use popular press to introduce this area to the public and promotes its activities in the public domains.
AB - Background and Aim: The present study aims to explore the coverage and reflection of Knowledge and Information Science news in the Iranian press. Iran Newspaper which is one of the main public newspapers in the country has been selected as the case for this study. Method: This study used content analysis as its research methodology and adopted an inductive approach in data analysis. All the pages of this newspaper during a year (from March 2011 to March 2012), were downloaded from the newspaper website and their contents were inductively analyzed to identify Knowledge and Information Science related news. Results: Iran Newspaper, as one of the most well-known and public press in the country, hascovered the Knowledge and Information Science news with a reasonable coverage and comprehensiveness. However, the reports are mainly descriptive with less analytic perspective and there is a gap for more analytical news. The collected data were categorized into seven categories and all the concepts and subcategories were presented in the tables. The main identified categories in this study include: Tehran International Book events, other book exhibitions and cultural events, meetings and book awards, reflection of the news related to book and publication industry, scientometrics, reading and its promotion and hinders.Conclusion: There is a gap of the news from ILISA (Iranian Library and Information Science Association) and also popular notes written by Knowledge and Information Science scholars,librarians and Knowledge and Information Science students. As a result it seems ILISA could be more active in publishing its news and use popular press to introduce this area to the public and promotes its activities in the public domains.
KW - Qualitative content analysis
KW - Newspapers
KW - Library and Information Science (LIS)
KW - Public newspapers
KW - The press
JO - Human Information Interaction
JF - Human Information Interaction
Mansourian Y, Alipour O. انعكاس اخبار علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي در مطبوعات كشور: مطالعهي موردي روزنامه ايران. Human Information Interaction. 2014 Jan;1(1):1-9.


Diamonds are precious stones that every one of us always wants to get our hands on. Little wonder that diamond tattoos have become trendy in recent years. We have seen various shapes of diamond on the bodies of men and women.
Diamond tattoos are well recognized tattoos that have been associated with beauty and wealth. These tattoos are seen in many areas of the body and also used as adornments. The tattoo of #diamond can be used to talk about invincible. This is the right depiction that the #tattoo gives because it cannot be destroyed.
The internet has made it possible for you to have the gorgeous diamond tattoo. You can see that the process that was involved in the diamond tattoo was not something that a novice could have done with ease.
Diamond tattoo has a lot of things to tell us. It depends on the story that you want to tell with your diamond tattoo.
For those who are looking for this diamond tattoo, do not worry because there is someone out there to help you with your drawing.
Just do your homework and ensure that your artist is well vast in what he or she is doing. If your artist is good as he or she claims, then having this diamond tattoo would not be a challenge.
No matter how long it would take for you to get this lovely diamond tattoo.
There was a time, diamond tattoo was rare and extremely painful to draw. With the number of innovations out there for people to experiment with, the process of getting diamond tattoo has become simpler. The pain of getting diamond tattoo varies.
The part of the body where the diamond tattoo is to be placed and the size of the diamond tattoo can go a long way in determining how painful the process of drawing diamond tattoo can be. Some people are scared with the pain of a diamond tattoo.
The modern machines for inking have been designed to minimize pain.
Professional diamond tattooists are seen in parlors and online. You can choose to meet them in any venue you feel deem.
Before you hire an expert to give you that drawing, do not make the mistake of assuming that the person is skilled until you confirm.
Sometimes, getting this diamond tattoo can take you minutes or hours depending on the angle or the size of the diamond tattoo.
The risk of having infections during drawing of diamond tattoo has been reduced drastically. When you are ready to get this diamond tattoo, make sure that everything is ready including your state of mind. If your mind is not settled and relaxed during the drawing, it may be difficult to have that drawing you ever desire.


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Premier Gladys Berejiklian has set out 14 new social Priorities that aims to tackle tough community challenges, lift the quality of life for all New South Welshmen and put people at the heart of everything the NSW Government does.
The 14 new Premier's Priorities across six key areas will allow the Government to measure and deliver in areas where it needs to do better:
Lifting education standards
Bumping up education results for children
Increase the proportion of public school students in the top two NAPLAN bands (or equivalent) for literacy and numeracy by 15 per cent by 2023, including through a state-wide rollout of Bump it Up.
Increase the number of Aboriginal young people reaching their learning potential
Increase the proportion of Aboriginal students attaining Year 12 by 50 per cent by 2023, while maintaining their cultural identity.
Protecting our most vulnerable children
Decrease the proportion of children and young people re-reported at risk of significant harm by 20 per cent by 2023.
Increasing permanency for children in out-of-home care
Double the number of children in safe and permanent homes by 2023 for children in, or at risk of entering, out-of-home care.
Reducing domestic violence reoffending
Reduce the number of domestic violence reoffenders by 25 per cent by 2023.
Reducing recidivism in the prison population
Reduce adult reoffending following release from prison by 5 per cent by 2023.
Reducing homelessness
Reduce street homelessness across NSW by 50 per cent by 2025.
Improving the health system
Improving service levels in hospitals
100 per cent of all triage category 1, 95 per cent of triage category 2 and 85 per cent of triage category 3 patients commencing treatment on time by 2023.
Improving outpatient and community care
Reduce preventable hospital visits by 5 per cent through to 2023 by caring for people in the community.
Towards zero suicides
Reduce the rate of suicide deaths in NSW by 20 per cent by 2023.
Better environment
Greener public spaces
Increase the proportion of homes in urban areas within 10 minutes' walk of quality green, open and public space by 10 per cent by 2023.
Greening our city
Increase the tree canopy and green cover across Greater Sydney by planting 1 million trees by 2022.
Better customer service
Government made easy
Increase the number of government services where the citizens of NSW only need to "Tell Us Once" by 2023.
World class public service
Implement best practice productivity and digital capability in the NSW public sector; and drive public sector diversity through:
50 per cent of senior leadership roles held by women;
Increase the number of Aboriginal people in senior leadership roles; and
5.6 per cent of government sector roles held by people with a disability by 2025.
We are proud to see that the strong economic management that has been in place since the 2011 NSW election is paying dividends.
Budget surpluses allow governments to put focus on these issues and make long lasting change.
Newcastle Liberal Students particularly supports the Premiers objective to reduce the rate of suicide deaths in NSW by 20 per cent by 2023. Suicide has touched all parts of our community and in particular young people, real action has been needed and we pleased to see some progress.


John Lewis & Partners today announced that it will close Knight & Lee & Partners in Southsea, which at 35,000 sq ft is the smallest full line shop in its estate, in July 2019.
At the end of last year, a unique commercial opportunity presented itself to sell the freehold of the building and close Knight & Lee.
John Lewis has a small, high quality shop estate and its shops play a critical role in its relationship with customers. As announced last year, as part of its strategy update and plan to prioritise differentiation, the focus in property is on maintaining the existing estate, with some resizing, repurposing or relocating over time. It keeps its estate under review to ensure these shops are offering customers inspiration, are in the right locations and of the right size to deliver financial returns. John Lewis is not planning other closures at this time.
The closure puts all 127 shop Partners at risk of redundancy. Every effort will be made to find them roles in John Lewis and Waitrose shops in the surrounding area.
Dino Rocos, Partner & Operations Director said: 'We have not taken this decision lightly and we considered every implication for our Partners, customers and the community. However, a unique combination of factors, including the significant investment required and the opportunity to sell the property freehold, makes this the right decision for the financial sustainability of our business.
'We also want to bring the very best of what John Lewis & Partners has to offer to all of our customers and, in Southsea, we believe we can better serve them through our Southampton and Chichester shops, and online with an improved Click & Collect offer at Waitrose & Partners Southsea.
'Our team at Knight & Lee are a loyal and long-serving team of Partners. We are doing everything we can to offer them roles elsewhere in our business and finding suitable roles for as many Partners as possible is an absolute priority. Nevertheless, there will unfortunately be some redundancies and we will work hard to support all the Partners affected.
As part of its strategy to increase productivity, the John Lewis Partnership today announced it will restructure its maintenance function, moving the majority of activity and service provision to a single maintenance provider - CBRE. This will create a Partnership-wide maintenance function, driving greater efficiency while improving maintenance service levels across its John Lewis & Partners and Waitrose & Partners shops, distribution network and head offices.
The announcement comes following an 18-month review of the Partnership's maintenance function and will see 365 maintenance Partners move to the new provider in July 2019 under the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations (TUPE).
The John Lewis Partnership johnlewispartnership.co.uk owns and operates two of Britain's best-loved retail brands - John Lewis & Partners and Waitrose & Partners. Started as a radical idea nearly a century ago, the Partnership is now the largest employee-owned business in the UK, with 83,000 employees who are all Partners in the business and share in its profits. The Partnership operates on strong democratic principles, which means that every Partner has a say in how the organisation is run. The business has annual gross sales of over £11.5bn, 400 shops and a leading online business. Its commercial strategy is focused on differentiation rather than scale, through investment in innovation and Partner led service.


This stunning red lamp has a metal frame which is wrapped with red fabric and will add ambience to your home. It is 50cm from the tip to the ground 31cm across the front and 12cm wide. It comes complete with an electrical lead with an on/off switch and a 40 watt small screw in bulb.


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Reductions in Deaths and Hospitalizations Associated with COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Medicare Beneficiaries: Full Year 2021 Estimates
This study updates ASPE's previous analysis of the associations between COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths among Medicare beneficiaries and COVID-19 vaccination rates, with full year data through the end of 2021.
ASPE Issue Brief, Research Brief
Nursing Home Staffing and the COVID-19 Pandemic
It is well known that in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States much of the devastation was concentrated in nursing homes. In addition to the staggering death toll, isolation and suffering from COVID-19 among nursing home residents, the pandemic introduced new challenges for nursing home staff and exacerbated ongoing challenges.
Trends in Prescription Drug Spending, 2016-2021
High prescription drug costs are a leading concern among Americans. Americans pay higher prices for prescription drugs than any other country in the world, with prescription drug prices in the U.S. more than 2.5 times as high as those in other similar high-income nations.
Price Increases for Prescription Drugs, 2016-2022
Prescription drug price increases create affordability challenges for patients and for the government. This report tracks drug price changes from 2016-2022. There were 1,216 products whose price increases during the twelve-month period from July 2021 to July 2022 exceeded the inflation rate of 8.5 percent for that time period. The average price increase for these drugs was 31.6 percent.
Resident and Facility Factors Associated with High Risk of Discharge from Nursing Facilities, 2012-2017: Issue Brief
This project tracked resident and facility factors associated with high risk of live discharges from nursing facilities.
Resident and Facility Factors Associated with High Risk of Discharge from Nursing Facilities, 2012-2017: Final Report
ASPE Issue Brief, Report
High Risk of Discharge from Nursing Facilities
People can be discharged from nursing homes for many reasons. Discharges may be a positive outcome and at an individual's choice. In other cases, discharges may be at the direction of the facility and against the will of the resident. There are strict rules about when involuntary facility-initiated discharges (FIDs) are allowed.
Many Children in HHS Safety Net Programs Are Eligible for Nutrition Assistance But Are Not Enrolled
Nutrition assistance programs have been shown to increase children's health and well-being and decrease the risk of child maltreatment. At the same time, food insecurity rose in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Landscape of Area-Level Deprivation Measures and Other Approaches to Account for Social Risk and Social Determinants of Health in Health Care Payments
Improving health equity in the United States is a priority for the Biden-Harris Administration in order to address longstanding disparities in health outcomes. Health inequities can be conceptualized and measured as drivers of differences in health outcomes.
HHS Roadmap for Behavioral Health Integration
This brief introduces the HHS Roadmap for Behavioral Health Integration, which advances the President's Strategy to Address our National Mental Health Crisis. It provides a general overview of the approach HHS is taking to drive toward integrated care within the three pillars of the President's Strategy and highlights selected programs and policy actions that will get us there.


A & D Healthcare is located at 9200 Wardwood Cir E, Theodore, AL. This location is in the Bellfontaine neighborhood. This business specializes in Doctors & Clinics.
A & D Healthcare can be found at Wardwood Cir E 9200. The following is offered: Medical Equipment Repair. The entry is present with us since Sep 8, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Theodore there are 1 other Medical Equipment Repair. An overview can be found here.


Jersey Shore star Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi and Younger's Nico Tortorella have been tapped to host the U.S. version of Just Tattoo of Us, based on the hit MTV international format.
Just Tattoo of Us is the second MTV International-originated format to be localized by MTV in the U.S., following Ex on the Beach.
Polizzi has been a staple on MTV since its hit Jersey Shore premiered in 2009 and currently stars on revival series Jersey Shore: Family Vacation. The revival's April 5 premiere was the highest rated series premiere in MTV history, reaching nearly 10 million total unique viewers. Its second season premieres August 23. Polizzi is also is a bestselling author, fashion designer, and recently launched her podcast It's Happening With Snooki & Joey. Polizzi is represented by WME and Mortar Media.
Tortorella stars as Josh on TV Land's Younger. His other notable credits include the starring role of Lyle Menendez in Lifetime's movie Menendez: Blood Brothers and Fox's The Following, and feature Scream 4. He's repped by Gersh.


The Crazy blog of Crazydiamond: What were you doing at 11:11:11?
My patient was so glad I reminded him of 11/11/2011 and 11:11:11. He took a photo of himself getting his teeth worked on. Awesome!!!
Wish I would have thought to do that... I was chatting with Joe and my dad I think.
I am not sure at 11:00 am what I was doing but at 11:00 pm I was asleep! I did get some fuzzy photos of a holiday party we went to at Jim's boss's home that evening. I love him and his family. Unfortunately the photos were pretty bad. Oh well, I have some documentation of the day! LOVE your reminder!


Axel Hütte was a student of Bernd and Hilla Becher (dusseldorf) who were highly influential figures in shaping deadpan photography. The deadpan aesthetic is known as a 'germanic' new objectivity with an encyclopedic approach to typologies (nature, industry, architecture, and human society). Hütte introduced a new element to deadpan by taking long exposure night photos of cities. He would then present the photos as transparencies framed in front of reflective surfaces which illuminated the photos and made the image seem to "emanate from the city." He is known as a "landscape painter" because of his night shooting.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Axel Hutte by brittherring. Bookmark the permalink.


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Gossett Printing, Inc.
Home · Events & Marketing · Napkins & Coasters ·Aqua Beverage Napkin
Gossett Printing is located half a mile west of
Super Walmart in Salem, IL.
Kelly King, Stationery Consultant 618-548-2583
Aqua Beverage Napkin
Item Number:TWSQASB
Select Your Color Option:
Aqua Berry Coral Ecru Wine Black Blush Claret Gold Hunter Lavender Magenta Marine Navy Orange Sand Silver Slate Violet White
Select a Quantity Select a Quantity 100 for $41.00 200 for $72.00 300 for $88.00 400 for $104.00 500 for $120.00 600 for $136.00 700 for $152.00 800 for $168.00 900 for $184.00 1000 for $200.00 1100 for $216.00 1200 for $232.00 1300 for $248.00 1400 for $264.00 1500 for $280.00 1600 for $296.00 1700 for $312.00 1800 for $328.00 1900 for $344.00 2000 for $360.00 2100 for $376.00 2200 for $392.00 2300 for $408.00 2400 for $424.00 2500 for $440.00 2600 for $456.00 2700 for $472.00 2800 for $488.00 2900 for $504.00 3000 for $520.00 3100 for $536.00 3200 for $552.00 3300 for $568.00 3400 for $584.00 3500 for $600.00 3600 for $616.00 3700 for $632.00 3800 for $648.00 3900 for $664.00 4000 for $680.00 4100 for $696.00 4200 for $712.00 4300 for $728.00 4400 for $744.00 4500 for $760.00 4600 for $776.00 4700 for $792.00 4800 for $808.00 4900 for $824.00 5000 for $840.00
Item Number TWSQASB
Add a special touch to any occasion with these soft, three-ply aqua napkins.
Dimensions: 4 3/4" x 4 3/4"
Price Includes: Printed napkin
Share on facebook Share on pisterest
Gossett Printing, Inc. Affordable Wedding Invitations
2100 Old Texas Lane, PO BOX 631 SALEM, IL 628815835
sales@gossettprinting.com (618) 548-2583 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. CST, Monday - Friday http://www.affordableweddinginvites.com


"It's the most beautiful section of my 2 orders. I have purchased from Navabi a little by chance and without much confidence..."
Simple and elegant, this Baylis & May top is shaped in a flattering flared cut and detailed with narrow cut-outs on the sleeves. It's made from soft crêpe and shaped with V-neck and central pleat that creates movement.
It's the most beautiful section of my 2 orders. I have purchased from Navabi a little by chance and without much confidence but their explanations about the measures, the quality, the composition of the material, especially their distinction according to the silhouette and recommended articles helped me a lot. The reason why I keep all items and in particular this falling by its magnitude and the front fold impeccably. The color is beautiful.
C'est le plus bel article de mes 2 commandes. J'ai acheté chez Navabi un peu par hasard et sans trop avoir confiance mais leurs explications sur les mesures, la qualité, la composition des matières, surtout leur distinction selon la silhouette et les articles conseillés m'ont beaucoup aidé. Raison pour laquelle je garde tous les articles et en particulier celui-ci qui par son ampleur et le pli de devant tombe impeccablement. La couleur est belle.
Easy and flowing, makes a good Figir. However the color differs from something, in the photo, it is significantly brighter.
Leicht und fließend, macht eine gute Figir. Allerdings weicht die Farbe etwas ab, auf dem Foto ist es deutlich heller.
The tunic is very soft and flattering. Side open sleeves make it something special. The color is as shown.
Die Tunika fällt sehr weich und schmeichelnd. Die seitlich offenen Ärmel machen sie zu etwas besonderem. Die Farbe ist wie abgebildet.
The tunic is very soft and flattering. Side open sleeves make it something special. The color is as shown. The V-neck optimal. The tunic is not transparent.
Die Tunika fällt sehr weich und schmeichelnd. Die seitlich offenen Ärmel machen sie zu etwas besonderem. Die Farbe ist wie abgebildet. Der V-Ausschnitt optimal. Die Tunika ist nicht durchsichtig.
Very nice part, just unfortunately slightly too long for me.
Ein sehr schönes Teil, nur leider etwas zu lang für mich.
Too bad, actually Schön...Aber too long slots in the sleeves for me.
Schade, eigentlich schön...aber zu lange Schlitze in den Ärmeln für mich.


The Delta is a true legend in the Scarpa range, built to be tough and supportive for carrying a heavy backpack or long distance trekking.
The Delta is a traditional bonded and lasted walking boot using a thick full grain leather upper which is tough and durable, with a softer nubuck leather ankle cuff and tongue for long distance walking comfort. The Gore-Tex membrane backs up the leather and guarantees waterproof protection. The Delta is built around the same BD last as Ranger, and is one of the broadest fitting Scarpa models, ideal for a slightly wider foot shape.
The Vibram Biometric sole is one of the toughest and most supportive Scarpa use, with a highly durable "trek" compound and two layers of PU for cushioning. The additional TPU insert gives even greater torsional support, reducing foot fatigue especially when traversing.


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AboutEventsHistoryLinks
sunday serviceSermonsblogcetf magazinecontactBOOKSHOP
Israeli v Palestinian
At Christ's Checkpoint
Tattoos - Part 3 (Final)
The Israeli v Palestinian Conflict
I will give to you and to your seed after you, the land wherein you are a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God - Genesis 17:8.
Behold, I will make you fruitful, and multiply you, and I will make of you a multitude of people; and will give this land to your seed after you for an everlasting possession - Genesis 48:4.
Origins of the name "Palestine"
Though the definite origins of the word "Palestine" have been debated for years and are still not known for sure, the name is believed to be derived from the Egyptian and Hebrew word peleshet. Roughly translated to mean "rolling" or "migratory," the term was used to describe the inhabitants of the land to the northeast of Egypt - the Philistines. The Philistines were an Aegean people - more closely related to the Greeks and with no connection ethnically, linguistically or historically with Arabia - who conquered in the 12th Century BC the Mediterranean coastal plain that is now Israel and Gaza.
A derivative of the name "Palestine" first appears in Greek literature in the 5th Century BC when the historian Herodotus called the area "Palaistine" (Greek - Παλαιστίνη). In the 2nd century A.D., the Romans crushed the revolt of Shimon Bar Kokhba (132 CE), during which Jerusalem and Judea were regained and the area of Judea was renamed Palaestina in an attempt to minimize Jewish identification with the land of Israel.
Under the Ottoman Empire (1517- 1917), the term Palestine was used as a general term to describe the land south of Syria; it was not an official designation. In fact, many Ottomans and Arabs who lived in Palestine during this time period referred to the area as "Southern Syria" and not as "Palestine."
After World War I, the name "Palestine" was applied to the territory that was placed under British Mandate; this area included not only present-day Israel but also present-day Jordan.
Leading up to Israel's independence in 1948, it was common for the international press to label Jews, not Arabs, living in the mandate as Palestinians. It was not until years after Israeli independence that the Arabs living in the West Bank and Gaza Strip were called Palestinians. In fact, Arabs cannot even correctly pronounce the word Palestine in their native tongue, referring to [the] area rather as "Filastin."
The word Palestine or Filastin does not appear in the Koran. The term peleshet appears in the Jewish Tanakh no fewer than 250 times.[1]
The name "Palestine" has been highjacked by the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO), which was established in Jordon in May 1964.
The PLO is now recognised
.... as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed observer status at the United Nations since 1974. The PLO was considered by the United States and Israel to be a terrorist organization until the Madrid Conference in 1991. In 1993, [the] PLO recognized Israel's right to exist in peace, accepted UN Security Council resolutions 242 and 338, and rejected "violence and terrorism"; in response, Israel officially recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people.[2]
Both the world and the "church" in general have bought the two outrageous lies sold by the PLO:
that Palestine was never "owned" by Israel, and;
that those presently laying claim to it, do so by right of prior inheritance.
I am reminded of a joke about the previous Israeli Prime Minister meeting with the late Yasser Arafat to discuss the ownership of the land. The Israeli Prime Minister began with a story of how the Israelites complained about the disappearance of their clothes after swimming in the waters "created" by Moses after he struck the rock. "It's those Palestinians up to their usual tricks. They've stolen our clothes when our backs were turned." "Now wait a minute" chimed in the PLO leader, "the Palestinians were NOT around at that time." "Well, now that we've settled that, let's begin our talks."
Palestine is a borrowed term of convenience to create lies.
The Middle East like most parts of the world suffered warfare resulting in dispossession and dispersal, throughout history. In 1948 Israel regained what was part of her rightful possession, which was rightfully extended in 1967. It is all part and parcel of the above prophecies to Abraham (Genesis 17:8) and to Jacob (Genesis 48:4). The land is the rightful inheritance of the descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob as an EVERLASTING bequest by God Almighty who owns the whole earth and can assign it as He determines. He made a promise and in the final analysis He will keep it. It is impossible that the promises relating to "the land" can in any way be transferred to Christ or to the Church. For this reason Replacement Theology is absurd as the main guest speaker at our Conference has ably proven in his long article about his encounter at the ecumenical Church gatherings in Bethlehem earlier this year and previously, when he caused a sensation by accusing those gathered of anti - Semitism - see pages 3 to 33 herein.
CWM – Brisbane Conference – September 13 - 16, 2012
The Church at Christ's Checkpoint.
Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem - Zechariah 12:2.
The world cannot and never will be "redeemed". Only people can be redeemed, individually as they personally surrender to Christ. When that happens, those people become part of "the company of the redeemed" —the Church of Jesus Christ. It's a sad state when the so called "church" joins the ranks of the enemy and supports those who deny the promises of God and the truth of His Word. This is the issue we plan to confront in the forthcoming Conference in Brisbane in September and we invite you to join us. Please do your utmost to be with us. IT IS IMPORTANT – possibly the most important Conference CWM has ever conducted. We are ALL standing at "Christ's Checkpoint" on many issues, including the use of our time.
With this in mind we have dedicated this particular issue of CETF to publicising the Conference with its speakers and theme. Please see also the end of this magazine, pages 38 to 40 – especially page 39 which details a special accommodation arrangement in Brisbane Gateway Resort which is close to the CWMFellowship property. You can obtain a 20% discount by inserting the code "CWMCONF" when you make your booking on-line.
Changes with CETF
Andrew (Drew) Caswell who has done a remarkable job over the past several years as Graphic Designer has reluctantly stood aside, mainly for health reasons and other pressures. Please pray for Drew and his family. As editor and on behalf of all involved I personally place on record my deepest thanks and appreciation for the great job he has done. How we will proceed long term has yet to be determined. This CETF was produced under the pressure of time constraints with the involvement of a professional Graphic artist. If we are to continue it is likely that we will have to pay for the work done, which will place considerable extra financial pressure on us. Currently we exist on a financial knife edge in Australia, New Zealand and UK, meeting only print and postage costs. We commend this matter to your prayers as you consider the annual financial appeal – see page 21 herein. (This issue of the magazine will cost an estimated extra $1000 to produce in Australia.)
Standing @ the Checkpoint
While a major thrust of the Conference will be the Israeli v Palestinian issue with two notable speakers focussing on Bible prophecy in respect of the End Times, it will not be the only emphasis. Christ is checking His people out in respect of TRUTH - that's my topic at the first meeting; EVANGELISM – that's the topic Lionel Letcher will address; LEARNING & TEACHING – Lawrie Cornish; WORSHIP & WITNESS – Mark Mullins; GETTING TO & CROSSING THE FINISHING LINE – Bob Bailey. I am excited and trust that a whole bunch of excited people will join the Conference.
Feel free to photocopy the publicity material and pass it around. Alternatively we will gladly mail extra copies of this CETF to you upon request. At this stage there's plenty of room for more bookings.
We are grateful to the Lord's people for their prayerful and practical support that enables CWM to continue publishing and distributing CETF. People tell us that in some cases it's their only spiritual life line in these days of great departure from the faith. Thank you in the Name of the Lord. May Jesus Christ be PRAISED
CETF Magazine
Thank you! You are now Subscribed.
introduction to CWMF
sundays 9:30am
view our cETF Issues


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Q: Проверить ключ на соответствие массиву ключей через PHP В скрипт извне приходит строка, например "crab"
Также имеется массив стоп слов
$stopwords = ["auto", "scrabing", "road"]

Как проверить пришедшую строку на соответствие ключам массива $stopwords средствами PHP ?
Например в случае строки "crab" должно быть найдено соответствие со значением элемента массива "scrabing"
Есть вариант сделать это без регулярных выражений? Нужен максимально быстрый и наименее ресурсоёмкий для процессора вариант.

A: По скорости не тестировал, но вариант без регулярок:
$need = 'crab';
$stopwords = ["auto", "scrabing", "road"];

$result = array_filter($stopwords, function($item) use($need) {
    return (strpos($item, $need) !== false);
});

if ($result) {
    echo "Найдено совпадение подстроки '$need' : ". join(', ', $result);
}

UPD: Если вам не нужно получение элемента массива, с которым совпала подстрока, то можно записать так:
$need = 'crab';
$stopwords = ['auto', 'scrabing', 'road'];

echo strpos(join(', ', $stopwords), $need) !== false ? 'Найдено совпадение!' : '';

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Rapsodie espagnole, pour deux pianos ou orchestre de Maurice Ravel (1907)
 Rhapsodie espagnole, pour piano solo de Franz Liszt (1863)
 Rapsodia española, pour piano et orchestre de Isaac Albéniz (1887)
 España, une rhapsodie pour orchestre de Emmanuel Chabrier (1883)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Magnificent all brick, two story home located on 2nd row north ocean boulevard in the dunes club with beautiful ocean views!! Lot is 0. 84 acre and sits 20 feet above sea level. Beautiful marble columns, hard wood floors, lutron lighting system, 3 fireplaces, elevator, invisible yard fence, jetted tubs and towel warmers in bathrooms, large closets in upstairs bedrooms with pullout drawers, front balconies upstairs and beautiful front, side & rear porches! Listing agent is related to seller.
Oceanfront and the beautiful dunes club community - the perfect combination. Build your dream home on this direct ocean front property featuring 100 feet ocean frontage. Located in the exclusive and prestigious dunes club and enjoy the lifestyle of having your morning coffee overlooking the sunrise, the white sandy beaches and the awesome atlantic ocean. Take a short walk or golf cart ride to the prestigious dunes golf and beach club while enjoying golf, tennis and pool. Membership is available. This is an amazing opportunity to build an extraordinary home having fabulous views from all directions. Imagine building a new home where the outside becomes part of the inside using fresh designs to feature your ocean view. Located between the dunes club and grande dunes ocean club and less than a half mile to many restaurants, close to shopping, entertainment and grand strand regional hospital.