A home warranty is a 12-month service agreement whereby a company meets the expenses of repairs or replacement of broken home systems and appliances. As a homeowner, various items in your house are likely to break at one time or another. However, if it's covered by this policy you don't have to worry since the company will promptly send a technician to handle the matter on your behalf.
A warranty only applies for cases where damage has been caused due to regular wear and tear, or standard usage. Generally, it will cover major components in your home such as the HVAC, water heaters, electrical and plumbing among other systems.
Depending on your policy it might also include regular appliances like washers, refrigerators, stoves and dryers. Moreover, some plans permit you to buy optional add-on coverage for your swimming pool, spa, pumps, second refrigerator and so on.
When your home appliance breaks down unexpectedly, you'll need to call your home warranty firm so that they can arrange an appointment with a certified, pre-screened service provider in your local area. Upon arrival of the licensed technician, they will review the situation and your coverage, then recommend the appropriate course of action to mend your appliance.
You'll need to then pay a service call charge of up to $125 dollars, based on the kind of policy that you have taken. The rest of the expenses will fully be met by the home-warranty company.
When do you buy a home warranty?
A warranty can be bought when you first purchase your home, or at whichever stage of your ownership. Sometimes, relocating and adapting to a new environment can be stressful for you and the family. Nonetheless, knowing that your home items are fully covered by a warranty can help alleviate some of the worry.
Most warranties last for one year and are renewable on an annual basis. Depending on your service provider and locality, the cost of this policy can run up to $75 a month for a cover that includes various appliances and home systems. You can also add coverage for additional larger units like pools and spas. Companies like American Home Guardian have different plans for different needs.
Statistics show that around 5.1 million or 4% of homes in America have a pool, though the percentage might be higher in warmer states. While a pool is ideally meant to be a place of relaxation, if it develops a major technical problem, then it can rapidly become a headache. Not only will you be required to arrange for repairs, but you may have to spend on a sudden bill that can shatter your home budget and upset your plans.
However, if you are protected by a warranty, the outcome will be completely different. The burden of sudden, expensive repairs shall be lifted off your shoulders.
Studies show that many tepid-weather American states, where pools are more common, have soil conditions that are prone to shifting. Which is why residences in these states usually have foundation issues, and the outdoor pool isn't immune to such problems.
You will only need to pay a small service call fee for the warranty provider to locate a suitable repairman, schedule the visit and cover most of the costs. It won't be long until you are back to relaxing in the pool that you've invested a lot in. If you own a pool, a home warranty will definitely make your life much simpler when things go bad.
A home warranty insures that you are financially safe if something ever breaks in your house. Most homeowners are familiar with the unplanned expenses of broken systems, repairing them can be quite costly if you don't have any warranty plan.
However, with this policy you can easily meet the costs of fixing or even replacing a major appliance that has been damaged.
Buying a warranty is entirely optional and is a sure way to protect stuff that you've spent your hard-earned cash on, there are different packages offered by companies depending on your budget and needs.
To conclude, you should consider getting a home warranty for your family in order to avoid the inconvenience of costly appliance/system repairs and replacement.
Everyone in the world who has access to television, and the Internet knows that only one percent of the 70% of water that's on the earth's surface is safe to use. Unfortunately, as populations in all corners of the world keep increasing, that one percent will eventually be insufficient for the entire human race. Because of this, it's important that we ensure that the children in our household are also capable of conserving water.
You cannot expect the children in your household to be able to save water if you do not show that water is a limited resource that cannot be replenished immediately and end up wasted if not used the way it should be used. So demonstrate the proper use of water as you explain, in terms your child can understand, the results of irresponsible use of water. One good way to explain the effects of using water irresponsibly is by telling them how every liter of water wasted will eventually fill up a container the size of a swimming pool. By doing so, the kid will know his or her impact of the world early on.
Once you've explained the impact of wasting water and demonstrated proper use of water, the next thing to do is to show how else water that runs from a tap is used. To do this, turn a tap on and let water flow into a bucket or jug until it's full. Then show that the same water used to water plants can be used to wash parts of a car or clean windows. Once you've done this, you can expect the child to have learned early in life how to conserve water in the bathroom.
By letting the child play under or with the rain with a pail or dipper on hand, he will learn right away that rain is clean, and can be used for various household tasks ranging from car washing to drinking.
Use the same pail you handed him for use in playing under / with the rain to teach him that you can collect rain for use in other tasks later. Place the pail under an open downspout—or just about any spot under the roof where rainwater falls steady, and let the child observe the pail getting filled with water.
Once the pail has been filled with rainwater, take it to a garden and/or your car (which, ideally, should be exposed to the rain for this exercise). Once the rain has stopped, pour the contents on the plants, your car, or both.
After having done the above exercise, you can expect your child to be excited the moment he knows of your plans to purchase a rainwater storage tank for your home.
By letting your child be actively involved in the planting drought-resistant plants in your garden; he learns early on that just because water needs to be saved, a garden that thrives and adds life cannot be established in your home.
Ways your child can participate in the planting of drought-resistant plants includes letting him select plants which he believes is appealing. Let him assist with planting and caring, and as you both do the former, inform him that the addition of mulch and compost, as well as the removal of weeds boosts soil, and this, in turn, helps in water retention.
If you want to keep your home nice and warm when the weather becomes frigid, you need to make sure that the HVAC system in your space is fully operational. A great way to keep your system functional is by providing routine maintenance to its various components throughout the year. When you focus on the right tasks and bring in professionals for extra help when needed, you are more likely to see years of use out of your system before you need to replace any key components. To get the ball rolling, you may need some help.
There are many common problems that can develop with your heating system. Many of them are focused in the furnace, which plays a big part in keeping your home warm. To take care of your home in the best way possible, take a moment to focus on some of these commonplace furnace problems and how to respond to them.
Old homes tend to make a lot of funny noises in the middle of the night. Pipes will clang in the walls, floorboards will creak, and the wind can make the entire space sound like a cavern. While some sounds might be par for the course in your home, there are some noises that can come about that will stand out as strange. A furnace that is in need of repairs tends to make loud and awkward sounds. When you hear banging coming from your furnace, it is time to take action.
The best way to respond to this kind of situation is by contacting the professionals for assistance. Though you might feel inclined to tackle the issue by yourself, there are many reasons why this might be a bad idea. A furnace often requires the careful attention of someone with experience, meaning you are likely to see a better outcome by calling experts who specialize in furnace repairs. The moment you start to hear these sounds, reach out and contact the right help so you can discover the exact cause of the trouble and find a solution.
A failing furnace is also going to have a lot of problems performing its main function. When this piece begins to falter, it will become apparent in your home. A furnace in need of repairs usually will not be able to maintain the right temperature within a space. When you start to crank up the heat on a particularly chilly day and do not sense a difference in the way your house feels, it could mean that the furnace needs to be looked at by experts as soon as possible.
A furnace can begin to fail for a number of reasons. The longer it has been around, the more likely it is that it will need repairs. When you begin to notice that the furnace is not providing its main function, you should reach out and call the professionals. Bring in an expert and you will get a better feel for what you are dealing with. The sooner you have someone look at your furnace, the sooner you can get back to enjoying the warmth of your home.
While a furnace that fails to perform is one sign of a problem, the opposite can also be a cause for concern. If the vents in your house continuously blow hot air out, even when the heat is off, then you might be dealing with a serious issue with your furnace. When the heat will not stop pumping out no matter what you attempt, it can be wise to figure out a solution right away.
Maintaining the HVAC system in your home can help you to stay comfortable throughout the year. Take time to learn about more basic problems and you will have an easier time responding to a problem at the first signs of trouble.
Choosing a new home is an intriguing and overwhelming experience. Naturally, you want a dream house that makes you happy. When searching for your dream home you can decide to make your first-time home-buying experience not so intimidating.
What's your idea of a perfect home? Maybe you want to downsize and move from the suburbs to the city center. Most importantly, you need to understand what sacrifices you have to make like distance to work, parking or the number of bedrooms. When you put down the requirements then you can begin your search.
During a search process, a professional agent will be able to point out specifics in a home that are actually favorable. In the process touring homes, you need to feel fully supported and educated properly. Once the search is over you need to ascertain that it goes for a price you can afford. Home-buyers can use remax 3D Virtual Tours to make an informed choice before physically visiting the property. It makes you cut down on searches. And another thing, you can picture yourself inside the home.
Imagine what it would be like to live in a home in the location of your choice? Check what's around the home. Think of the distance to social amenities like schools, hospitals or groceries. How long will it take you to reach your workplace?
Your intuition will be helpful throughout the entire process. Buyers can form an impression the minute that they walk into a property. Even long-serving home agents can formulate an opinion as soon as they walk into a house. Do you feel excited or depressed while in that house? Perhaps unsurprisingly, a buyer may start talking about where they would love to place furniture. Please listen to yourself.
Inspecting a home is important to evaluate if it takes care of your interests. A move-in home is fair enough but you can get a better deal when purchasing a home that requires some cosmetic repairs. Suppose you are interested in a larger garden you have to compromise your need for the location of the home. Unbiased and independent Real Estate agent will help you with a rich source of information to reach that comprise never leaving any stone unturned.
Have a budget when searching for a new home to make buying process much easier. You can go to the negotiating table once you have figured out how much you are willing to spend. Sum up all your income per month. If you are paying cash you must do it from your savings. You can partner with remax a fantastic real estate agency in Philadelphia PA to provide you with innovative experiences that will help you save your hard-earned money.


text:
Q: Bokeh: how to disable left mouse click scrolling? A basic example of code with empty grid but it can be applied to all figures:
from bokeh.plotting import figure, show, output_file

output_file('test.html')

p = figure(x_range=(0,1), y_range=(0,1), toolbar_location=None)
show(p)

When I move mouse cursor while left click left pressed, x and y axis move. In my project, I place figures in the grid but it's annoying that the figures move when I move them with the mouse, I would like the grid to stay still. Thank you for your help.

A: The solution is here: https://docs.bokeh.org/en/latest/docs/user_guide/tools.html#setting-the-active-tools
I add this line:
p.toolbar.active_drag = None

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
FireEye Breach Fallout Yet to Be Felt
Aftermath of the FireEye breach by Russia's foreign service agency raises concerns over what the attackers could do next - and how to defend against it.
Kelly Jackson Higgins
Editor-in-Chief, Dark Reading
FireEye's revelation earlier this week that it had been infiltrated by a nation-state hacking operation that stole its red-team hacking tools served as a chilling reminder to the security industry that no one is impermeable to an attack — not even a major incident response company more accustomed to probing and cleaning up the breaches of other high-profile organizations.
Several reports and sources say Russia's SVR foreign service agency, aka APT 29 or Cozy Bear, was the perpetrator. There are still plenty of unknowns about the attack: how the attackers got initial access to FireEye's systems, what defenses they bypassed and how, whether any Windows zero-days were used, and just what if any internal information they accessed on what FireEye CEO Kevin Mandia described as their ultimate target: "certain government customers" of the company.
While FireEye attempted to defang the attacker's ability to use its tools in attacks by publishing detailed mitigations, experts say APT29/Cozy Bear could use the purloined red-team tools to glean intel on its clients' weaknesses or even as a means to cause confusion and sow distrust — trademarks of Russian intelligence — of FireEye and the tools themselves, experts say.
Mandia: Tipping Point Now Here for Rules of Cyber Engagement
Building an Effective Cybersecurity Incident Response Team
New From The Edge: Next-Gen Firewalls 101: Not Just a Buzzword
There's also a risk of organizations that are not tuned into the FireEye breach mistaking Russian intel-controlled red-team maneuvers as legitimate FireEye red-team activity, for example, notes Steve Ryan, former deputy director of the National Security Agency's Threat Operations Center, and now CEO and co-founder of security startup Trinity Cyber.
"That puts everything into question. That's Russia's game," he says. "Sowing distrust on their [FireEye's] name and the concept of red teaming," he says, is another potential way they could inflict pain if concerns rise over FireEye's exposure.
"Then there's the risk of the weaponization of those tools: if these tools can be turned in a way to cause damage in some way and have it put back to FireEye, or succeed [in attacks] because it looks like a FireEye tool," Ryan says.
There's also an intel-gathering opportunity for the attackers with the stolen tools. Sounil Yu, CISO-in-residence at VC firm YL Ventures, says there is the possibility that the attackers could glean some intel about the FireEye clients whose networks have been probed by FireEye in red-team exercises. "They're [FireEye] going to have tools that work" on those government agencies who hire them for red teaming, he says.
"The presumption [is] that these tools are effective" against the targets, he says. "This [information] gives them [the attackers] an opportunity to target more efficiently" now, he says.
Dmitri Alperovitch, former CTO and co-founder of CrowdStrike, says he believes the red-team tool theft likely wasn't part of the original plan by the attackers. "I actually think the red-team tools were probably an opportunistic grab: 'While we're there, we might as well download them.'"
He says it's not surprising that the Russian SVR would employ previously unseen, novel attack methods and tactics for the FireEye attack operation. "The infrastructure they set up for this attack was done exclusively for [targeting] FireEye," he says. "SVR is very good — they are one of the best in Russian intel and they're always very stealthy. In this particular case, they have a very high-profile target, a very hard target, and to succeed ... they need to bring in their A game."
The specifics of the methods used in the attack remains a key missing piece that Alperovitch and other security experts hope FireEye eventually will reveal publicly.
"I hope they would share them," Alperovitch says, adding that FireEye's mitigation disclosure was important too. "They [FireEye] deserve a lot of credit for the mitigations for the stolen tools. ... That was a very good step."
FireEye's Mandia indeed has gotten plenty of props from security experts, even those from rival companies, for his relatively detailed disclosure of the attack. "What was really cool is they not only published the red-team tools the Russians stole, but the countermeasures of those tools," Trinity Cyber's Ryan says. That wasn't the case with the NSA's tool breach, he notes. "Everybody was kind of on their own" to defend against attacks using them, including the infamous EternalBlue exploit.
It's still unclear whether APT29 accessed any sensitive product information or FireEye intel on other threat actors. YL Ventures' Yu says access to FireEye's product suites could allow APT29 to find ways to bypass the technology, for example. "And FireEye spends a lot of time gathering information and tactics of other threat actor groups. That would be like a playbook of all of your competitors" for the attackers, he says.
Any security company is a big target of determined attackers. "Security companies are always one of top targets because of how much information they have and how much access they have to customer networks. Obviously, the ability to get into a security vendor can give you insight into the countermeasures they have, and [then] you can evade them to break into their customers' networks," Alperovitch says.
For its part, FireEye says it currently cannot provide any additional information about the attack beyond Mandia's disclosure post.
"We're actively investigating this incident with our partners at Microsoft and coordinating with the FBI. Please know that there may be some delay in our ability to share that information, as we do not want to do anything to interfere with the ability of the FBI to conduct its separate, ongoing investigation," a FireEye spokesperson said. "We want to be absolutely certain we obtain all the evidence available to us to further advance this case, and some disclosures at this point would jeopardize that collection."
FireEye isn't alone. Several security companies have been breached over the past 10 years, including Bit9 (now part of VMware), Kaspersky, McAfee, RSA, and Symantec.
"Every security company now is hopefully on notice and thinking hard about how to protect themselves and how to be watchful. How you respond is indicative of how good you are," Alperovitch says.
Enterprise organizations, especially FireEye customers, should apply the mitigations FireEye released, as well as ensure they've applied security patches. Then there's the possibility of an upcoming Microsoft patch if indeed there was a zero-day involved, experts say.
"The fact that Microsoft is involved" indicates the attack could have employed a previously unknown Windows vulnerability, notes Peter Firstbrook, vice president of research at Gartner. "I suspect we're going to find out there was a zero-day."
Vulnerabilities/ThreatsAttacks/BreachesAdvanced Threats
2021 Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR)
Defending Against Critical Threats

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Recently, hyperspectral image classification has become a hot topic due to the plentiful information from the hundreds of spectral channels contained in the image \cite{zhong2018}. However, the great similarity occurred in the spectral bands of different objects makes the task be a challenge one. Moreover, the limited number of labelled samples in real-world applications increases the difficulty to obtain discriminative spectral features from the image. To overcome this problem, spatial information is usually incorporated into the representation to provide discriminative features. However, modelling the spatial and spectral directly with usual handcrafted features cannot capture the complex structure and high-level information within the image.

Deep models have shown powerful ability in describing the abstract and high-level information and presented remarkable performance in many computer vision tasks, such as the object detection, face recognition, as well as in the literature of hyperspectral image classification \cite{chen2015,chen2016}. Many deep models, such as the deep belief networks \cite{chen2015} and the convolutional neural networks \cite{chen2016,gong2019}, have been applied for the hyperspectral image processing tasks. However, due to the limited  and unbalanced  training samples in the hyperspectral image, general training process of deep model for the hyperspectral image usually makes the learned models be sub-optimal.

To overcome this problem, metric learning which tries to maximize the inter-class variance while minimizing the intra-class variance is usually applied in the training process of the deep model for the hyperspectral image \cite{gong2019}. Generally, the metric learning constructs the image pairs or triplet data to penalize the inter-class distance and the intra-class distance. By increasing the variance between samples from the same class and decreasing the variance between samples from different classes, the learned features can be more discriminative to separate different objects. However, general methods to implement the metric learning should construct the image pairs. Besides, the training process would be unbalanced due to the unbalance of training samples.

This work develops a novel statistical metric learning (SML) which increases the inter-class variance and decreases the intra-class variance from the statistical view. All the samples from the same class are looked as a distribution. The variance from each class is used to formulate the intra-class variance. The Euclidean distances between the sample means from different classes are used to measure the inter-class variance. Moreover, the variance between different sample means is added as a diversity regularization to repulse different classes from each other. The SML is easy to implement. Moreover, under the SML, the variance is measured from the class view which can balance the training process with unbalanced training samples.

Just as \cite{wen2016}, this work jointly learns the developed SML and the softmax loss for hyperspectral image classification. The softmax loss tries to take advantage of the point-to-point information while the SML makes use of the class-wise information and further improves the representational ability of the learned features. Experimental results over two commonly used hyperspectral image have demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed method.

\begin{figure*}[htp]

\begin{minipage}[b]{.98\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=architecture.pdf,width=16cm}}

\end{minipage}
\hfill
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\caption{Flowchart of the proposed method for hyperspectral image classification. $a\times b@c$ describes the dimension of the data where a, b, and c represent the width, height and the channel of the data. $\mu$ denotes the loss weight of the proposed SML in the training process.}
\label{fig:flowchart}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\end{figure*}

\section{Proposed Method}
\label{sec:format}

Let us denote $X=\{{\bf x}_1,{\bf x}_2,\cdots,{\bf x}_N\}$ as the set of training samples of the hyperspectral image where $N$ is the number of training samples and $y_i$ as the label of the sample ${\bf x}_i$.
$y_i \in Y=\{y_{m_1},y_{m_2},\cdots,y_{m_\Lambda}\}$ where $\Lambda$ is the number of the sample classes.

\subsection{General metric learning}
Since convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have presented impressive results in hyperspectral image classification \cite{li2017},
as Fig. \ref{fig:flowchart} shows, this work will choose the CNN model as \cite{gong2019} to extract features from the hyperspectral image.
To further improve the representational ability of the hyperspectral image, the metric learning is incorporated in the deep learning process. Generally, metric learning calculates the loss to measure the inter-class difference and intra-class similarity to decrease the intra-class variance and penalize the inter-class variance, simultaneously. Therefore, the loss can be formulated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:01}
  L_0=L_{inter}+L_{intra},
\end{equation}
where $L_{inter}$ measures the penalization between different classes and $L_{intra}$ calculates the penalization within each class. Contrastive loss and triplet loss are the commonly used metric learning methods.

Contrastive loss constructs the image pairs $({\bf x}_i,{\bf x}_j)$ (including the positive pairs and the negative pairs) where the positive pair denotes images from the same class and the negative pair denotes images from different classes. The contrastive loss decreases the distances of the positive pairs and penalizes the negative pairs. It can be formulated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  L_0=\sum_{({\bf x}_i, {\bf x}_j)}\{I(y_i=y_j)D({\bf x}_i, {\bf x}_j)+I(y_i\neq y_j)[\kappa-D({\bf x}_i, {\bf x}_j)]\}
\end{equation}
where $D({\bf x}_i, {\bf x}_j)=\|f({\bf x}_i)-f({\bf x}_j)\|$ and $f({\bf x}_i)$ is the feature of sample ${\bf x}_i$. $\kappa$ is the margin. $I(\cdot)$ represents the indicative function.

Triplet loss constructs the triplet data $({\bf x}_a,{\bf x}_p,{\bf x}_n)$ where $({\bf x}_a,{\bf x}_p)$ comes from the same class and $({\bf x}_a,{\bf x}_n)$ is from different classes. The loss is formulated based on the triplet data,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  L_0=\sum_{({\bf x}_a, {\bf x}_p, {\bf x}_n)}\{D({\bf x}_a, {\bf x}_p)+\kappa-D({\bf x}_a, {\bf x}_n)\}
\end{equation}

These former metric learning methods usually require data preprocessing to construct the image pairs or triplet data. Besides, these methods commonly consider the sample correlation and ignore the class correlation. This would negatively affected the classification performance over unbalanced data especially for hyperspectral image. Therefore, to overcome these problems, this work will develop a novel statistical metric learning.

\subsection{Statistical metric learning}

Given a training batch $B$. This work looks each class as a distribution and we will implement the metric learning from the statistical view.
Denote ${\bf z}_i$ as the feature of ${\bf x}_i$ extracted from the deep model.
$X^B_{k}=\{{\bf x}_{s_1},{\bf x}_{s_2},\cdots,{\bf x}_{s_{n_k}}\}$ represents the samples of the $k$-th class in the batch. Then, $C^B_k=\{{\bf z}_{s_1},{\bf z}_{s_2},\cdots,{\bf z}_{s_{n_k}}\}$ denotes the extracted features of the $k$-th class where $n_k$ is the number of the samples in the class.

The sample mean $\bar{C}_k$ of the $k$-th class in $B$ is calculated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:04}
  \bar{C}_k=\frac{1}{n_k}\sum_{i=1}^{n_k}{\bf z}_{s_{i}}
\end{equation}
Then, the variance $I_k$ of the samples of  the $k$-th class in $B$ can be calculated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:02}
  I_k=\frac{1}{n_k}\sum_{j=1}^{n_k}(\bar{{C}}_k-{\bf z}_j)^2
\end{equation}

Since the variance is a measure of how spread out  a data set is, this work will take advantage of
the variance of different classes in the batch $B$ to formulate the intra-class variance of the training batch. Then, $L_{intra}$ can be formulated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  L_{intra}=\frac{1}{\Lambda}\sum_{k=1}^{\Lambda}I_k=\frac{1}{\Lambda}\sum_{k=1}^{\Lambda}\frac{1}{n_k}\sum_{j=1}^{n_k}(\bar{{C}}_k-{\bf z}_j)^2
\end{equation}
Besides, this work tries to enlarge the Euclidean distance between the sample means of different classes to enlarge the inter-class variance.
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  L_{inter}=\frac{2}{\Lambda^2}\sum_{i\neq j}^{\Lambda}(\bar{C}_i-\bar{C}_j)^2
\end{equation}

Moreover,
denote $C_0$ as the center of all the classes in the batch
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  C_0=\frac{1}{\Lambda}\sum_{k=1}^{\Lambda}\bar{C}_k
\end{equation}
The variance of all the means of different classes is calculated as a diversity regularization to repulse different classes to each other. It can be formulated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  L_{diversity}=\frac{1}{\Lambda}\sum_{k=1}^{\Lambda}(C_0-\bar{C}_k)^2
\end{equation}

The statistical metric learning (SML) penalizes the variance of each class and the Euclidean distance between the sample means of different classes. Besides, the SML penalizes the variance between the sample means of different classes as the diversity term to repulse different classes from each other. Then, the loss can be formulated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  L=\alpha L_{intra} - \beta L_{inter} - \lambda L_{diversity}
\end{equation}

The SML calculates the inter-class and intra-class variance between the samples in the training batch and is easy to implement. Moreover, the SML measures the difference from the class view which can solve the unbalanced training from unbalanced data.
It should also be noted that, as Fig. \ref{fig:flowchart} shows, this work jointly learns the softmax loss and the proposed SML to take advantage of both the point-to-point correlation and the class-wise correlation.

\subsection{Implementation of the proposed method}

The model is trained by the stochastic gradient descent method and back propagation is used for the training process of the proposed method \cite{back_propagation}. Generally, the main problem for the training process is to compute the learning loss w.r.t. the training samples.

The partial of the softmax loss w.r.t. ${\bf x}_i$ can be computed as Caffe which is the deep framework used in this work (see \cite{caffe} for details). The partial of $L_{intra}$ w.r.t. ${\bf x}_i$ can be computed by
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  \frac{\partial L_{intra}}{\partial {\bf x}_i}=\frac{2}{\Lambda}\sum_{k=1}^{\Lambda}\frac{1}{n_k}I({\bf x}_i\in X^B_{k})({\bf x}_i-\bar{C}_k)
\end{equation}
Besides, the partial of $L_{inter}$ w.r.t. ${\bf x}_i$ can be calculated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  \frac{\partial L_{inter}}{\partial {\bf x}_i}=\frac{4}{\Lambda^2} \sum_{k=1}^{\Lambda}\frac{1}{n_k}I({\bf x}_i\in X^B_{k})\sum_{l\neq k}^{\Lambda}(\bar{C}_k-\bar{C}_l)
\end{equation}
The partial of $L_{diversity}$ w.r.t. ${\bf x}_i$ can be calculated as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:03}
  \frac{\partial L_{diversity}}{\partial {\bf x}_i}=\frac{2}{\Lambda}\sum_{k=1}^{\Lambda}\frac{1}{n_k}I({\bf x}_i\in X^B_{k})(\bar{C}_k-C_0)
\end{equation}
Through back propagation with the former equations, the CNN model can be trained and discriminative features can be learned from the hyperspectral image.

\section{Experiments}\label{sec:pagestyle}

\begin{figure}[t]

\begin{minipage}[b]{.36\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=1.png,width=3cm}}

  \centerline{(a)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.36\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=groundtruth.jpg,width=3cm}}

  \centerline{(b)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{.24\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=3.pdf,width=2cm}}

  \centerline{(c)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill

\vspace{-0.5cm}
\caption{Pavia university dataset. (a) False color composite (band 10, 60, 90); (b) ground truth; (c) map color.}
\label{fig:pavia}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]

\begin{minipage}[b]{.36\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=2.png,width=3cm}}

  \centerline{(a)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.36\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=indian_groundtruth.png,width=3cm}}

  \centerline{(b)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{.24\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=4.pdf,width=2cm}}

  \centerline{(c)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill

\vspace{-0.5cm}
\caption{Indian Pines dataset. (a) False color composite (band 30, 60, 90); (b) ground truth; (c) map color.}
\label{fig:indian}
\vspace{-0.6cm}
\end{figure}

To further validate the effectiveness of the proposed statistical metric learning, this work conducts experiments over commonly used hyperspectral images, namely the Pavia University and the Indian Pines, and further compares the developed metric learning with other methods.
Pavia University \cite{pavia} consists of $610 \times 340$ pixels with 115 bands ranging from 0.43 to 0.86 ${\mu}m$ (See Fig. \ref{fig:pavia} for details). 103 channels are used for experiments due to the noise. 42,776 labelled samples which are divided into nine classes are selected.
Indian Pines \cite{indian} consists of $145 \times 145$ pixels with 224 spectral channels raning from 0.4 to 2.45 ${\mu}m$ (See Fig. \ref{fig:indian} for details). 24 spectral bands are removed due to the noise and the remainder are used for experiments. A total of 8598 labelled samples from eight classes are chosen from the image. In the experiments, 200 samples of each class are used for training and the remainder for testing.

Caffe \cite{caffe} is chosen to implement the deep learning framework. In the experiments, the learning rate and the training epoch is set to 0.001 and 40000, respectively. The tradeoff parameters $\alpha, \beta,$ and $\lambda$ are set to 1, 0.01 and 0.001, separately. The loss weight of SML in the training process is set to 0.0002.
The experimental results in the paper are from the mean and standard variance of ten runs of training and testing.

\subsection{Classification Results}

The classification results of the proposed method over Pavia University and Indian Pines are shown in table \ref{table:pavia} and \ref{table:indian}, respectively. From table \ref{table:pavia}, we can find that the CNN model which trained with general softmax loss can obtain $98.72\pm 0.27$ over Pavia University dataset while the performance can achieve $99.39\pm 0.09$ when trained with the proposed SML. As table \ref{table:indian} shows, for Indian Pines dataset, the CNN model can provide an accuracy of $98.46\pm 0.20$ and $98.94\pm 0.30$, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed method can significantly improve the representational ability of the CNN model for hyperspectral image classification.

\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\caption{Classification accuracies (\%) of CNN and the proposed method over Pavia University. The results from CNN are trained with only Softmax loss.}
\label{table:pavia}
\vspace{1ex}
\begin{tabular}{c | c | c c}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\bf Methods}     &  {\bf CNN} &  {\bf Proposed Method}  \\
\hline\hline
\multirow{9}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{\tabincell{c}{\textbf{Classification} \\ \textbf{Accuracies (\%)}}}}          & C1   &  $98.59\pm 0.26$  &  $99.31\pm 0.37$ \\
                                                                                & C2   &  $98.84\pm 0.62$  &  $99.80\pm 0.11$ \\
                                                                                & C3   &  $95.57\pm 1.43$  &  $96.58\pm 1.05$ \\
                                                                                & C4   &  $98.76\pm 1.28$  &  $99.08\pm 0.64$ \\
                                                                                & C5   &  $100.0\pm 0.00$  &  $100.0\pm 0.00$ \\
                                                                                & C6   &  $99.81\pm 0.25$  &  $99.59\pm 0.53$ \\
                                                                                & C7   &  $99.15\pm 0.21$  &  $99.82\pm 0.27$ \\
                                                                                & C8   &  $97.62\pm 1.20$  &  $98.48\pm 0.70$ \\
                                                                                & C9   &  $100.0\pm 0.00$  &  $100.0\pm 0.00$ \\
 \hline
 \multicolumn{2}{c|}{{\bf OA}  (\%)}      &  $98.72\pm 0.27$ &  $99.39\pm 0.09$  \\
 \hline
 \multicolumn{2}{c|}{{\bf AA}  (\%)}      &  $98.70\pm 0.17$ &  $99.19\pm 0.16$  \\
 \hline
 \multicolumn{2}{c|}{{\bf KAPPA} (\%)}    &  $98.27\pm 0.36$ &  $99.19\pm 0.12$  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\vspace{-1cm}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htp]
\vspace{-0.6cm}
\begin{center}
\caption{Classification accuracies (\%) of CNN and the proposed method over Indian Pines.}
\label{table:indian}
\vspace{1ex}
\begin{tabular}{c | c | c c}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\bf Methods}       &  {\bf CNN} &  Proposed Method  \\
\hline\hline
\multirow{9}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{\tabincell{c}{\textbf{Classification} \\ \textbf{Accuracies (\%)}}}}          & C1   &  $98.12\pm 0.87$  &  $98.20\pm 0.59$ \\
                                                                                & C2   &  $99.84\pm 0.19$  &  $99.81\pm 0.30$ \\
                                                                                & C3   &  $100.0\pm 0.00$  &  $99.93\pm 0.14$ \\
                                                                                & C4   &  $100.0\pm 0.00$  &  $100.0\pm 0.00$ \\
                                                                                & C5   &  $99.40\pm 0.57$  &  $99.23\pm 0.51$ \\
                                                                                & C6   &  $96.57\pm 0.96$  &  $98.11\pm 0.79$ \\
                                                                                & C7   &  $99.71\pm 0.49$  &  $99.90\pm 0.17$ \\
                                                                                & C8   &  $99.98\pm 0.04$  &  $99.88\pm 0.22$ \\
 \hline
 \multicolumn{2}{c|}{{\bf OA}  (\%)}      &  $98.46\pm 0.20$ &  $98.94\pm 0.30$  \\
 \hline
 \multicolumn{2}{c|}{{\bf AA}  (\%)}      &  $99.22\pm 0.02$ &  $99.38\pm 0.15$  \\
 \hline
 \multicolumn{2}{c|}{{\bf KAPPA} (\%)}    &  $98.10\pm 0.24$ &  $98.70\pm 0.36$  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.8cm}
\end{table}

Besides, Fig. \ref{fig:pavia_maps} and \ref{fig:indian_maps} also show the classification maps of SVM, CNN, and the proposed method over Pavia University and Indian Pines, separately. By comparisons of Figs. \ref{fig:pavia_maps} and \ref{fig:indian_maps}, it can be noted that, the deep model can significantly improve the performance. Besides, the proposed method can further improve the representational ability of the CNN model and discriminate the objects with highly overlappings.

\begin{figure}[htp]

\begin{minipage}[b]{0.32\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=svm_pavia.jpg,width=2.6cm}}

  \centerline{(a)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{.32\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=cnn_pavia.jpg,width=2.6cm}}

  \centerline{(b)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.32\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=sml_pavia.jpg,width=2.6cm}}

  \centerline{(c)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\caption{Classification maps of Pavia University obtained by (a) SVM;  (b) CNN; (c) Proposed Method.}
\label{fig:pavia_maps}
\vspace{-0.6cm}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htp]

\begin{minipage}[b]{0.32\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=svm_indian.jpg,width=2.6cm}}

  \centerline{(a)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{.32\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=cnn_indian.jpg,width=2.6cm}}

  \centerline{(b)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.32\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=sml_indian.jpg,width=2.6cm}}

  \centerline{(c)}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\caption{Classification maps of Indian Pines obtained by (a) SVM;  (b) CNN; (c) Proposed Method.}
\label{fig:indian_maps}
\vspace{-0.8cm}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Classification Performance With Different Number of Training Samples}

To further validate the performance of the proposed method, in Fig. \ref{fig:number} we provide the classification accuracies of the CNN model with general softmax loss and the proposed SML over Pavia University and Indian Pines, respectively. It can be noted that the proposed SML method obtains better performance with different number of training samples. Interestingly, the proposed SML can provide a large improvement when compared with model trained with general softmax loss with less training samples. Since the SML considers the correlation from the class view, the number of samples shows less effects on the performance of SML. However, less samples can significantly affect the performance of softmax loss. Therefore, the SML can play a more important role in the performance with less training samples.

\begin{figure}[htp]

\begin{minipage}[b]{.48\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=Ucmerced.pdf,width=4.0cm}}

  \centerline{(a) Ucmerced Land Use}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.48\linewidth}
  \centering
 \centerline{\epsfig{figure=indian_pines.pdf,width=4.0cm}}

  \centerline{(b) Indian Pines}\medskip
\end{minipage}
\vspace{-0.6cm}
\caption{Classification Results of the Proposed method with different number of training samples per classification over different datasets.}
\label{fig:number}
\vspace{-0.6cm}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Comparisons with other State-of-the-Art Methods}

To comprehensively show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we compare the developed method with several state-of-the-art methods.

Compared with shallow methods, we can find that the proposed method shows better performance than SIFT \cite{zhong2018}. Compared with deep methods, it can be noted from table \ref{table:comparison_pavia} that the proposed method obtains better performance over Pavia University when compared with D-DBN-PF ($93.11\pm 0.06$) \cite{zhong2018} and CNN ($98.72\pm 0.27$) \cite{gong2019} which are generally used deep model. Besides, from table \ref{table:comparison_indian}, we can also find that the proposed method achieve better performance over Indian Pines when compared with D-DBN-PF ($91.03\pm 0.12$)\cite{zhong2018} and CNN ($98.46\pm 0.20$)\cite{gong2019}. In conclusion, the proposed method can provide better performance when compared with both the shallow and deep methods over the hyperspectral image.

\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\caption{Classification accuracy (Mean $\pm$ SD) obtained by different methods on Pavia University.}
\label{table:comparison_pavia}
\vspace{1ex}
\begin{tabular}{l c}
\hline
{\bf Method}     &    {\bf Accuracy (\%)}  \\
\hline\hline
SIFT\cite{zhong2018}    &  $90.73\pm 0.16$   \\
D-DBN-PF\cite{zhong2018} &  $93.11\pm 0.06$  \\
CNN\cite{gong2019}  &  $98.72\pm 0.27$  \\
{\bf Proposed Method}   &    $99.39\pm 0.09 $      \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.8cm}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\vspace{-0.8cm}
\caption{Classification accuracy (Mean $\pm$ SD) obtained by different methods on Indian Pines.}
\label{table:comparison_indian}
\vspace{1ex}
\begin{tabular}{l c}
\hline
{\bf Method}     &    {\bf Accuracy (\%)}  \\
\hline\hline
SIFT\cite{zhong2018}    &  $87.65\pm 0.15$   \\
D-DBN-PF\cite{zhong2018} &  $91.03\pm 0.12$  \\
CNN\cite{gong2019}  &   $98.46\pm 0.20$ \\
{\bf Proposed Method}   &    $98.94\pm 0.30$      \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.8cm}
\end{table}

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:typestyle}

This work develops a novel statistical metric learning for hyperspectral image classification. The developed SML takes advantage of the sample variance of each class to calculate the intra-class variance. Moreover, the distances between the mean value of samples of each class are used to penalize the inter-class variance. In addition, the variance of the  means of different classes is added as additional  diversity regularization to repulse different classes from each other. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method achieves better performance when compared with other state-of-the-art methods.

In further work, we would like to apply the proposed method to other remote sensing datasets. Moreover, other statistics which can measure the variance of the distribution is another direction to improve the performance of general deep learning.

\bibliographystyle{IEEEbib}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Die Trophée Raymond Dewas ist eine ehemalige Eishockeytrophäe der Ligue Magnus, der höchsten französischen Eishockeyspielklasse. Die Trophäe wurde von 1984 bis 1998 an den fairsten Spieler der Ligue Magnus vergeben. Rekordgewinner der Trophäe war mit fünf Auszeichnungen Claude Verret.

Gewinner

Weblinks
 Die Trophée Raymond Dewas auf der Website der Ligue Magnus

Eishockey (Frankreich)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Someday that's how we'll talk about these times. So far there's been no game where it didn't happen.
Nobody knows the future ofc so I'll just store this selfie here. Just in case.
Didn't even notice this little happening while I was recording the video.


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text:
Q: The POM of my spring boot microservice project won't stop showing parent error I have this project pom:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.2</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>AVLA.prueba</groupId>
<artifactId>Registros</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Registros</name>
<description>Registros de movimientos de bienes</description>
<properties>
    <java.version>11</java.version>
    <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
        <artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
        <artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
            <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
        <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>spring-milestones</id>
        <name>Spring Milestones</name>
        <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
    </repository>
</repositories>

Where the parent won't stop showing an error. I'm doing a microservice with eureka server and clients.
This is a client. Any guesses?
I've tried adding the javax dependencies which are needed in java 11, and adding the springcloud version, the project has only a pair of models.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--

    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.

-->
<beans xmlns:sm="http://servicemix.apache.org/config/1.0"
       xmlns:http="http://servicemix.apache.org/http/1.0"
       xmlns:eip="http://servicemix.apache.org/eip/1.0"
       xmlns:ping="urn:/Ping.wsdl"
       xmlns:pong="urn:/Pong.wsdl"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       >

    <util:map id="jndiEntries">
        <entry key="java:comp/env/jdbc/ode" value-ref="odeDS"/>
    </util:map>

    <sm:container
        id="jbi"
        embedded="true"
        rootDir="target/test/smx"
        transactionManager="#transactionManager"
        depends-on="jndi"
        >
        <sm:activationSpecs>
            <sm:activationSpec id="pingpong-eip">
                <sm:component>
                    <eip:component>
                        <eip:endpoints>
              <eip:content-based-router service="pong:PongServiceFwd" endpoint="PongPort" forwardOperation="true">
                <eip:rules>
                  <eip:routing-rule>
                <eip:target>
                  <eip:exchange-target service="pong:PongService"/>
                </eip:target>
                  </eip:routing-rule>
                </eip:rules>
              </eip:content-based-router>
                        </eip:endpoints>
                    </eip:component>
                </sm:component>
            </sm:activationSpec>
            <sm:activationSpec id="pingpong-http">
                <sm:component>
                    <http:component>
                        <http:endpoints>
                            <http:endpoint
                                service="ping:PingService"
                                endpoint="http"
                targetService="ping:PingService"
                targetEndpoint="PingPort"
                                defaultOperation="Ping"
                                role="consumer"
                                locationURI="http://localhost:8198/PingHttp/"
                                defaultMep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-out"
                wsdlResource="classpath:EmptyRespJbiTest/Ping.wsdl"
                soapVersion="1.1"
                                soap="true" />
                        </http:endpoints>
                    </http:component>
                </sm:component>
            </sm:activationSpec>
        </sm:activationSpecs>
    </sm:container>
</beans>

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Venice Star, Wenecja, Włochy : Rezerwuj teraz!
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A central b&b where you can relax after visiting Venice. We are at the first floor of a wonderful building, no lift is needed.
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Biblical economics leave everybody blind and toothless – Interviewed by Johanna Jaufer
Campaigning English European Crisis Greek Crisis Interviews Media Politics and Economics Uncategorized
Am Sonntag wählt Griechenland ein neues Parlament. In den Umfragen liegt das Linksbündnis SYRIZA an erster Stelle. Die Partei rund um Alexis Tsipras wirbt mit der Ankündigung, sich um einen Schuldenerlass für Griechenland zu bemühen. Schon lange informeller Berater der Partei, ist der Ökonom Yanis Varoufakis seit kurzem offizieller Kandidat und wird immer wieder als möglicher zukünftiger Finanzminister gehandelt.
You have been a politician for only three weeks now…
Two weeks.
Have you had to think it over very much? In your blog you wrote that you were frightened, too.
It was a major decision. Primarily, because I entered politics in order to do a job that I always thought should be done and I was offered the opportunity to do it. It has to do with the negotiations between Greece and the European Union if Syriza wins, which is an extremely scary project and prospect. At the same time I am an academic, I am a citizen, an active citizen, so I am used to dialogue where the point of the conversation really should be that I learn from you and you learn from me – we are going to have disagreements, but through these disagreements we enrich each other's points of view.
It's not about winning the other one over…
That's right – actually in politics, it is worse: each side tries to destroy the other side – in the eyes of the public – and that is something that is completely alien to me and something that I didn't want to get used to.
What about your university job? Have you put it on hold?
Yes, indeed. I have resigned from University of Texas. I still retain my chair at the University of Athens – without pay – and hopefully it won't be too long before I return to it.
Wouldn't you be ready to stay in a government for a longer time?
No, I don't want to make a career out of politics. Ideally, I would like somebody else to do it, and to do it better than I. It's just that this was a window of opportunity, because Syriza rising to power is a precedence. So, it was a small window of opportunity to get something done that would not have been done otherwise. I'm not a prophet, so I can't tell you where I will be in two, three, five, ten years. But if you're asking me now, my ideal outcome would be that our government succeeds in renegotiating a deal with Europe that renders Greece sustainable, and then other people, you know… power should be rotated, no one should grow particularly fond of it.
Something that has been brought up quite a few times in Germany and in Austria as well, is the thing about the reparation payments – because Germany had been chickening out of paying proper reparations after World War 2 – how, in your opinion, did that happen? Was it because they said "oh, Germany is split, we will wait until it will be reunited again", or was it also the Americans saying "ah, now we need Germany to build our military bases as well, so we will let you off the hook" – or was it a combination?
It was a combination. Back in the 1940s, the Allies had decided to turn Germany into a peasant country again. They were about to dismantle 700 industrial plants and it was the Americans who stopped that plan – so, they did destroy 700, but then they changed their mind. They changed their mind for reasons that had to do with the way that the United States was designing global capitalism and they needed a strong currency in Europe and a strong currency in Asia – it was going to be the Deutsche Mark and the Yen – and the whole of the European union project was built around that plan. We in Europe like to think that the European union was our own creation. It wasn't. It was an American design which then we adopted and which of course was consistent with what we wanted, our aspirations. Part of that design meant bolstering the German economy, bringing it out of depression, bringing it out of the mire in which it found itself in the 40s, and, as always, one important component of such an attempt to revive an economy includes debt relief, a serious haircut of debt, debt write off. So in 1953 there was the debt conference in London which savagely cut the debt of Germany to many nations including Greece. But Greece is a special case, because there was another debt that Germany didn't have to any other country, because in 1943, the Kommandantur here in Athens imposed upon the Bank of Greece a deal according to which the Bank of Greece will print a lot of Drachmes – war time Drachmes – and provide them to the German authorities so the German authorities could buy materials and finance their war efforts and stock up on agricultural goods for the Wehrmacht and so on. But interestingly, the German authorities wrote a contract up. So they actually wrote down the sum of money that they borrowed. They promised to pay interest. So it was a formal loan. The document exists until this day in the (Central) Bank of Greece. That never happened with any other country. So, this is like an official debt, like in a bond, of the wartime German Nazi state towards Greece.
You can really trace it down to exact numbers?
Exact numbers. Of course, the difficulty is to translate that wartime currency which became absolutely inflationary very soon because so many Drachmes were printed. So, effectively, the German authorities, buy accepting that loan from the Bank of Greece, debased the currency, and that had secondary huge social costs throughout Greece. So, it is very difficult to compute exactly what this loan means in today's terms, how do you compound the interest, how do you convert, how do you count the cost of the hyper-inflation that was created. I mean, supposedly, our German friends are very sensitive to hyper-inflation, so they should understand that their own authorities created one in Greece as a result of that debt. My view is that we are partners, we should stop moralizing, we should stop pointing fingers at each other. Biblical economics, "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth", leave everybody blind and toothless. We should simply sit down in exact the same spirit as the United States sat down in 1953 and didn't ask the question, "do the Germans deserve to be punished?", "is it guilt or is it sin?", whereas debt, I know that in German there is a conflation of these words – it's the same word, sin and debt – as opposed to credit, for instance. We should just ask the very simple question, "how can we render the Greek social economy sustainable again so that the costs to the average German, to the average Austrian, to the average European, of the Greek crisis are minimized.
Why aren't very many Northern European people afraid that cutting down labor rights in the 1990s could have been a foresight of exactly the same thing that is happening here (in Greece)?
I think it's all Isop's fault. Because he came up with the parable of the ant and the grasshopper, where the ant works hard, never enjoyed life, kept putting money – or value – aside, and the grasshopper simply lazed in the sun, sang and did nothing and then the winter came and retribution followed. This is a good parable: Unfortunately, in Europe there is this very strange notion, that all the grasshoppers live in the South and all the ants live in the North, when in reality you have ants and grasshoppers everywhere. What has happened before the crisis – that is my re-telling of the Isop tale – is that the grasshoppers of the North and the grasshoppers of the South combined to create a bubble, a financial bubble, bankers from the North and bankers from the South, for instance – which enriched them greatly, and allowed to sing and laze in the sun, while the ants of the North and the ants of the South worked, under increasingly difficult conditions, even during the good times, making ends meet in 2003, in 2004, was not easy for the ants of the North or of the South, and then when the bubble that the grasshoppers of the North and the grasshoppers of the South created, burst, the grasshoppers of the North and the South got together and decided that it is the fault of the ants of the North and the ants of the South. The best way of doing that was to turn the ants of the North against the ants of the South, telling them that the South was inhabited only with grasshoppers. Thus, the European Union started to fragment and the average German hates the average Greek, the average Greek hates the average German. Very soon, the average German will hate the average German and the average Greek the average Greek.
It already began, hasn't it?
It already began. And this is exactly what happened in the 1930s, and Karl Marx was completely wrong when he said that history repeats itself as farce. Here, history just repeats itself.
Concerning Mr. Draghi's recent decision to flood the market with trillions of Euros: You had been quoted saying that it is kind of using a water pistol against a bushfire.
I think that Draghi is well-meaning. Draghi wants to keep the Euro zone together, and he is quite skilled, actually. He is doing his best, given the constraints that he is facing. I have no doubt – he will never admit to this – but I have no doubt that he understands that what he is doing it is too little and too late – the water pistol against the bushfire. But he thinks that even a water pistol is better than nothing. If there is a fire raging, he would like to use a water canon, and he would have liked to use it earlier, but he was not allowed to, because in Europe, we have a charta of the ECB that is binding its arms behind its back and sends it into the ring to fight against the monster of deflation, which is very unfair to the ECB, and until and unless Europe understands what is necessary from an economical point of view in order to sustain a monetary union, and why this fragmentation and the increasing renationalization of everything, including now with QE (80% of bond purchases will be carried out by National Central Banks – as if they exist separately from the ECB), this fragmentation and renationalization is exactly the opposite of what we should be doing which is getting together, consolidating. How did the United States get formed? Because every time they had a crisis – the Civil War, the Great Depression – they got further together. We claim to be doing that, like "banking unions", like the "ESM", but we don't. We create a banking union which is not a banking union, it is a banking disunion, and we called it in an Orwellian fashion "banking union". So, Europe has not learned the lessons of history and until we change course, it is very unlikely we will manage to hold the whole thing together.
About SYRIZA's plans on how to revive industry in Greece, Theodoros Paraskevopoulos said that it is also about getting the pharmaceutical sector within Greece bigger again because it has a good basis. How come?
I don't know! For some reason, we have good pharmaceutical companies that have solid exports. We need to help them and we need to create such industries in other sectors, too.
For example?
I think that we have excellent computer coders and software engineers, so we should aim doing something similar to what Israel has done. To create a network of small startup companies which are extroverted and export-oriented. If some of them get bought out by Google or so on, that is not a bad thing. This is the kind of thing that we should try to support, if we can.
In terms of also getting foreign investors to like engage in Greece, is there also a thought about something like Private Public Partnerships, a thing which Northern European Countries have got many problems with in the past?
I am not keen on public private enterprises. Wherever they have been tried, they ended up being a drain on the state, without producing any value added of significance. They were mostly cost-cutting exercises and in the end had no developmental effect. But where I believe we should be aiming at, is the development of existing public assets, without selling them – we are conducting a fire sale simply to collect revenue – so that private sector money, investment funds, can come in and develop in a way that is mutually beneficial. That is a kind of PPE, but not in a way that it was tried in Britain or elsewhere.
Getting back to the memorandum discussion: Between what factors do you believe is Mrs. Merkel stuck in?
I believe that Germany is divided. The interests of the Bank of Frankfurt are not the same as those of the Mittelstand, as those of the small and medium sized enterprises in Middle Germany, which are not the same as Siemens and Volkswagen and so on. It makes a difference whether you have your productive capacity only in Germany, as the small and medium sized enterprises do, or whether you are globalizing, have factories in China and Mexico. And Mrs. Merkel is an astute politician who realizes or thinks she has realized that there is no consensus amongst those clashing interests as to what they want to do with the Euro, with our Central Bank, with the periphery and so on. Mrs. Merkel will simply not move until there is a consensus that will guarantee her survival, politically.
But that consensus will not be possible.
Well, for instance – what happened in 2012, with Draghi's own OMT announcement, and yesterday with QE, you can see that once there were voices that started saying, "folks, deflation is killing us, do something about it", then she could use those voices against the Bundesbank to easy, "I am going to support Draghi – whatever you do". So, it's not a "consensus-consensus", but she is gauging the shifting tectonic plates under her feet. And she is very astude in the way she does it. What I would like to invite her to do is to think of her legacy beyond just mere survival, and I would like her to consider the possibility, that in 10, 20, 100 years' time, Europe could be speaking not only about the Marshall plan that saved Germany, but also the Merkel plan that saved the Euro.
Interview, Jan. 12th: "Greece will neither want to leave the euro nor threaten to do so"
economist.com, Jan. 20th: "A SYRIZA candidate speaks"
Interview, Jan. 23th: "We are going to destroy the Greek oligarchy system"
Interview, Jan. 24th: "The Greek canary in the European coalmine"
Attacking oligarchy, poverty and unreason for European democracy's sake – interviewed for Channel 4 by Paul Mason
Yesterday Greek democracy raged against the dying of the light. Europe and the World should join us
Debate Digital Economies/Money English Politics and Economics Theatre Video
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Should electricity markets be reformed or disbanded? My debate with Michael Liebreich on Cleaning Up
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Zombie capitalism is unravelling – THE NEW STATESMAN
English Interviews North America Politics and Economics TV Ukraine
Why energy markets should be dismantled, especially during and after the war in Ukraine – On Democracy Now!
English FORTUNE magazine Politics and Economics
Inflation, socialism' for corporations & austerity for workers: FORTUNE comments on Yanis Varoufakis' take
Box0_TOP_ENG English Op-ed Politics and Economics Project Syndicate
Inflation as a Political Power Play Gone Wrong – Project Syndicate op-e
English Interviews mέta - Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation Postcapitalism Technofeudalism University Video
Technofeudalism and Cloud Capital – a conversation hosted by Stanford in Government
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Summary and book reviews of Did You Ever Have A Family by Bill Clegg
Did You Ever Have A Family
by Bill Clegg
Sep 2015, 304 pages
May 2016, 320 pages
Bradley Sides Buy This Book
The stunning debut novel from bestselling author Bill Clegg is a magnificently powerful story about a circle of people who find solace in the least likely of places as they cope with a horrific tragedy.
On the eve of her daughter's wedding, June Reid's life is completely devastated when a shocking disaster takes the lives of her daughter, her daughter's fiancé, her ex-husband, and her boyfriend, Luke - her entire family, all gone in a moment. And June is the only survivor.
Alone and directionless, June drives across the country, away from her small Connecticut town. In her wake, a community emerges, weaving a beautiful and surprising web of connections through shared heartbreak.
From the couple running a motel on the Pacific Ocean where June eventually settles into a quiet half-life, to the wedding's caterer whose bill has been forgotten, to Luke's mother, the shattered outcast of the town - everyone touched by the tragedy is changed as truths about their near and far histories finally come to light.
Elegant and heartrending, and one of the most accomplished fiction debuts of the year, Did You Ever Have a Family is an absorbing, unforgettable tale that reveals humanity at its best through forgiveness and hope. At its core is a celebration of family - the ones we are born with and the ones we create.
My mom made Lolly Reid's wedding cake. She got the recipe from a Brazilian restaurant in the city where she went one night after going in with her friends to see a show. It was a coconut cake made with fresh oranges. She prepared for days. It didn't have any pillars or platforms or fancy decorations; just a big sheet cake with a scattering of those tiny, silver edible balls and a few purple orchids she had special-ordered from Edith Tobin's shop. She was proud of that cake. She bakes and decorates cakes for all the birthdays in our family, and she made the wedding cake for my sister's wedding, and mine; so when June Reid hired us to cater her daughter Lolly's wedding, I thought, Why not?
Unfortunately, she never got paid. I didn't either. Not a cent. And if June Reid had tried to pay me, I would have torn up the check. I couldn't accept money from that woman after what she'd been through. My wife, Sandy, saw it differently, still does, ...
Read Full Excerpt
After June has had an argument with her daughter, Lolly, the night before Lolly's wedding, "Pru asked if she was okay, and June answered with a question that seemed to Pru more of a comment on June's struggles with Lolly: Did you ever have a family?" (p. 131) Why do you think Clegg choose this line as the title of his novel? What does being part of a family mean to each of the characters in the novel? Do any of their perspectives change?
When a particularly pushy news anchor asks June how she is "surviving" the loss of her loved ones following a house fire, she answers, "No one has survived" (p. 12). Explain June's statement. Do you agree with June that, although she is alive, she has not survived? How are June and the ...
BookBrowse Review
...the quick and episodic structure of Clegg's novel doesn't allow for enough development. That said, I don't actually think Clegg intentionally neglects his characters. Rather, it seems like the emotional separation he gives us is intentional. It feels as if the overwhelming density of characters and circumstances is supposed to be a metaphor for the larger loss of life that pervades the novel, a sort of suffocation in grief. (Reviewed by Bradley Sides).
Full Review (644 words).
This review is available to non-members for a limited time. For full access, become a member today.
Starred Review. [It's] Clegg's deft handling of all the parsed details - missed opportunities, harbored regrets, and unspoken good intentions - that make the journey toward redemption and forgiveness so memorable.
Starred Review. Clegg is both delicately lyrical and emotionally direct in this masterful novel, which strives to show how people make bearable what is unbearable, offering consolation in small but meaningful gestures. Both ineffably sad and deeply inspiring, this mesmerizing novel makes for a powerful debut.
Starred Review. Readers may come to this debut novel because of agent/memoirist Clegg's reputation, but they'll stay for the stellar language and storytelling. Highly recommended.
Starred Review. An attempt to map how the unbearable is borne, elegantly written and bravely imagined.
Elinor Lipman, author of The View from Penthouse B
I marveled my way through Did You Ever Have a Family, at not just the masterful writing and storytelling, but at the emotional authenticities of every persuasion. It's a wondrous thing when a writer gets things this right, this absorbing, and this beautiful. Bravo, Bill Clegg, and thank you.
Anne Enright, Man Booker Prize winner for The Gathering
Full of small-town secrets and whispers, Bill Clegg has woven a richly textured tale of loss and healing. This is a deeply optimistic book about the power of human sympathy to pull us from the wreckage of our fate.
Darin Strauss, author of Chang & Eng
Like the question it poses, Did You Ever Have a Family is brutally direct yet it's got an enormous symbolic power...It's been a lot of years since a novel has so moved me. Number Bill Clegg among that endangered species: major American writer.
Michael Cunningham, author of The Hours
The force, range, and scope of Bill Clegg's Did You Ever Have a Family will grab you with its opening lines, and won't let go until its final one. I can't recall another novel that so effortlessly weds a nuanced, lyrical voice to an unflinching vision of just how badly things can go for people.
DJ Butler
Truly Excellent Debut
I almost passed on reading this book because of the tragedy involved in the story. So glad I didn't. This is one of the best pieces of fiction I've read in awhile. Great storytelling and really wonderful character development. I highly recommend it.
Grief in Contemporary Literature
Bill Clegg's Did You Ever Have A Family tells the story of different characters whose lives intersect as they deal with the struggles (and few successes) of life. One character stands out among the large cast: June Reid, a middle-aged woman, who is dealing with the loss of her entire family from a tragic fire.
As you might guess by June's situation, Clegg's novel does not hold back from covering the unpleasant aspects of life. This is a work that touches on a lot of big, and often dark, themes. We see struggle and guilt and loneliness. The most prevalent feeling throughout the book, though, is the intense sensation of profound grief. How might we recover from such a deep, tough place? And, even then, are we ever able to ...
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If you liked Did You Ever Have A Family, try these:
Night Film
by Marisha Pessl
Brilliant, haunting, breathtakingly suspenseful, Night Film is a superb literary thriller by the New York Times bestselling author of the blockbuster debut Special Topics in Calamity Physics.
by Elizabeth Strout
Winner of the Pulitzer Prize, Olive Kitteridge offers profound insights into the human condition – its conflicts, its tragedies and joys, and the endurance it requires.
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← (Jan-17) Did You Know That?
Sharing a link to the KDNuggets article with thoughts provided by a few data scientists on main 2016 developments and what the trends for 2017 look like. Reinforcement Learning is mentioned more than once!
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Savas Ozyigit
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North Cyprus – The Safest Country in the World During the Covid-19 Pandemic!
by Asst. Prof. Dr Ahmet Ozyigit, MD
06/01/2020 - Updated on 07/24/2020
Why North Cyprus?
It has been a tough couple of months for the entire world population. While some countries are relaxing their restrictions and lockdown protocols, some countries are only beginning their fight with the pandemic.
North Cyprus has been one of the luckiest countries in the world with total local elimination of the epidemic as of April 20th. There have been no new cases of SARS CoV-2 as of this date and the last patient was discharged from the hospital as of May 11th, marking the end of the local epidemic.
Success of North Cyprus is nothing short of an extraordinary effort on the part of local population and the government. Early lockdown protocols, curfews, permit requirements as well as mask and glove requirements when going shopping have been a few reasons why North Cyprus was able to eliminate the outbreak fairly quickly. As of June 1st, curfews and lockdown protocols have been eased and the public is back to its normal activities, more or less.
It is important to stress that while the local epidemic has been eliminated, it is not yet eradicated and the risk of future outbreak is still a reality. This is simply because the rest of the world is still fighting the disease and with air traffic restrictions to be eased off, there is still a small possibility that traveling passengers could harbor the disease, leading to further outbreaks. Testing requirements will be in place prior to accepting travelers, and masks and gloves are the new norm in Northern Cyprus, therefore, with tight controls and continued social distancing along with other precautions, virologists and epidemiologists are fairly confident that a second wave is highly unlikely not just in North Cyprus, but on the whole island.
As of July 1st, air traffic is planned to resume from a number of countries on track to disease elimination. This includes most European countries and some others to be named by the ministry of health soon and we will also keep updating our patients as we know more.
North Cyprus IVF Center and its patients have also been deeply affected with the current pandemic with hundreds of couples unable to receive their planned treatments in March, April, May and June. However, as of July 1st, with the ease of travel restrictions, we will resume our treatments accordingly.
We also understand that a large number of people have been affected by wage cuts and even loss of wages and jobs. Therefore, at North Cyprus IVF Clinic, we have decided to offer a 15% discount to all of our patients regardless of when they were planning their IVF treatments. This applies to patients who had already purchased their plane tickets and had to defer their dates or patients planning to receive treatment moving forward.
This is not only for our IVF patients, but the entire hospital is offering similar discounts in all specialties. We hope that this discount at least compensates for some of the loss that many of our patients have had to face during these difficult times.
We are also happy to announce that our hospital will offer accommodation in our inpatient department to our patients who are unable to afford hotel rates. The fee charged will be set at 30 Euros per night, including breakfast.
Given these measures, we will be working a bit harder to accommodate as many patients as we can. However, we are limited by space and time. Therefore, we are only able to accept 90 patients per month with accommodation capacity of 50 per month. In order to secure a spot for our patients, we will be charging a small deposit before treatment. This is necessitated for an optimal allocation of time and space for all our patients hoping to complete their treatments as soon as possible. This deposit is to be later deduced from your treatment fees.
For couples receiving IVF treatment with the use of donor eggs, there are procedures involved in selection and preparation of an egg donor. Therefore, in order to plan an egg donation cycle in the upcoming months (unless already in communication with your patient coordinator), we will need to begin planning very shortly.
Couples using their own eggs in their IVF cycles, who have not yet confirmed their treatments in July or August will need to contact their patient coordinators for timely planning as we may be looking at a waiting list shortly after this announcement.
As the very first fertility clinic in North Cyprus, and a pioneer in many ground breaking treatments such as PRP treatment for ovarian rejuvenation, stem cell treatment for non-obstructive azoospermia and gender selection for family balancing, we continue to remain a patient-oriented medical facility with a biopsychosocial approach in healthcare service provision.
Please do not hesitate to contact our team with any questions you may have.
Tags: Covid-19Egg Donation IVFGender Selection IVFIVF Treatment AbroadIVF Treatment in CyprusStem Cell Therapy For Azoospermia
Stem Cell Therapy for Patients Suffering from Non-Obstructive Azoospermia
Ovarian PRP Treatment
Asst. Prof. Dr Ahmet Ozyigit, MD
More recently, I have found my passion in health care where I first started off in a managing position and gradually integrated myself into the medical delivery of health care. Despite having a doctoral degree in social sciences, I have decided that being a medical doctor and being able to make a difference in provision of healthcare is something that I would like to do for the rest of my life.
Director & IVF Specialist
Medically Reviewed by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Savas Ozyigit
What is MicroSort and How is it done?
Covid-19 Vaccination and IVF
+40 IVF Treatment
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North Cyprus IVF Centre
North Cyprus IVF Centre is a patient focused fertility clinic, located within "Elite Research and Surgical Hospital" in Nicosia, Cyprus.
Our clinic is one of the most advanced fertility clinics in the world, offering a wider selection of treatment options at affordable prices.
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English: +90 548 882 8000
Spanish: +90 548 876 8000
Turkish: +90 548 830 1699
info@northcyprusivf.net
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Our Sites in Other Languages:
If your native language is other than English and is listed below, we recommend you to visit that site as well. Links will open on a new window.
https://www.ivfzypern.com
https://www.fivenchipre.com
http://www.fivaletranger.com
https://www.kktctupbebek.com
https://www.ekokipre.com
https://www.atfalanabib.com


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