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Archive for category: India
information and stories about India.
Drought, Farming, India, Water
India Water Crisis Threatens Lives and Agriculture
India's dry season has been notably harsh in 2019, and the country is suffering its lowest rainfall before a monsoon season in six decades. Just under half the population is facing a drought and dozens have died from the combination of a heat wave and a lack of water. The India water crisis is also causing evacuations as the drought is forcing families to leave their homes in search of water.
Chennai, India's sixth largest city, is facing extreme water scarcity. The reservoir water supply shrank between 2018 and 2019 and is almost entirely drained of water.
Effect of the Drought
Experts blame the severe drought on mismanaged resources along with industrial and human waste, bad policy decisions and climate change. Thirty-two states have organized a State Action Plan on Climate Change in order to achieve national as well as regional priorities. But many farmers claim the government plan has not been carried out. "There is a lack of interest among politicians and the bureaucracy, which is keen to look for temporary solutions to drought and climate change impacts," stated agricultural and climate change researcher Atul Deulgaonkar.
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the drought has not only affected the monsoon and winter crops but also destroyed supplementary crops. Because agriculture is the most important sector of its economy, India is heavily reliant on monsoon rains. The drought is particularly dangerous for marginalized farmers in rural areas. Approximately 80 percent of districts in Karnataka and 72 percent in Maharashtra are faced with crop failure, which has put the livelihood of eight million farmers in jeopardy.
Solutions to the Crisis
However, there are solutions to the crisis such as reducing the need for the enormous amounts of water used for crops. Because agriculture accounts for nearly 90 percent of India's water consumption, reducing the dependence on water-intensive crops and agricultural methods would substantially increase water for drinking and make farmers less vulnerable to water shortages. Environmental scientist Kyle Davis stated, "Diversifying the crops that a country grows can be an effective way to adapt its food-production systems to the growing influence of climate change." In addition, the use of alternative grains can improve nutrition and reduce greenhouse emissions from agriculture.
Other steps are currently underway for alleviating the water crisis. In 2017, Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed an $87 billion plan to reduce flooding and improve irrigation by linking 60 rivers across India. So far only 16 rivers have been linked and the effect of this plan is yet to be determined. Some Indian states such as Maharashtra have followed the example of Israel and implemented a drip irrigation method, which involves dripping water onto individual plants through tubes or pipes rather than flooding whole fields.
Whatever the means, the India water crisis must come to an end. One-hundred million children in India lack water and one out of every two are underfed. Water security must be guaranteed in India amidst rising temperatures and falling water tables so families can raise their children with dignity and health in the upcoming century. A slew of solutions indicate hope for the future, though.
– Kiran Matthias
July 12, 2019 /by Kim Thelwell
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Kim Thelwell https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Kim Thelwell2019-07-12 17:55:212019-07-12 17:55:21India Water Crisis Threatens Lives and Agriculture
Global Poverty, India, Water, Water Sanitation
How the Zimba Chlorinator Reduces Waterborne Diseases
Nearly 780 million people lack access to clean drinking water. People living in third-world countries have no choice but to drink unclean water, which can lead to diseases such as cholera, Guinea worm disease, typhoid, and dysentery. Upward of 3.5 million people, most of whom are children, pass away annually as a result of these waterborne illnesses.
As Zimba's website reports, "Most developing countries do not have the infrastructure required for the supply of treated piped water to each and every household." The lack of proper plumbing drives consumers to use alternate methods of water purification. Adding chlorine to unsafe water can make it drinkable, but a lot of guesswork may be involved in deciding just how much chlorine is needed to make the water safe to drink. Zimba, a point-of-use water chlorinator, eliminates the need for guessing.
Suprio Das and the Zimba Chlorinator
Prior to his invention of the Zimba chlorinator, Suprio Das had been working as an electrical engineer in Kolkata, where he witnessed the devastation caused by drinking contaminated water. In India, about 1,600 children die daily from drinking contaminated water. He decided to create something that could help people gain access to clean drinking water.
He knew he needed to design a chlorinator that is easy to use as well as durable. The final product weighs 12 kilograms (approximately 26 pounds). The exterior is composed of fiberglass, which helps it withstand years of use and weathering, while the interior is made of virgin polypropylene plastic. Another impressive trait about the chlorinator is that it can be placed on preexisting water sources like hand pumps, taps or faucets, with installation time being less than thirty minutes. Rather than relying on electricity, the chlorinator is gravity-powered, and it can purify thousands of liters of water a day.
How the Chlorinator Works
The purification process begins when water is filled in the top of the device. The pressure triggers the release of a premeasured dose of liquid chlorine (sodium hypochlorite) into the water being held in a storage tank. There, the water is exposed to the chlorine for about thirty minutes, which is the amount of time the World Health Organization recommends. The clean water then flows into the main tank and awaits retrieval from the tap.
Impact of the Chlorinator
As of 2018, Zimba chlorinators are being used in India, Bangladesh, Kenya and the Dominican Republic. And Zimba experts believe that the use of the chlorinator can help save the lives of 1.5 million children between 2015 and 2030. It has even been included in PATH's Innovation Countdown 2030 report as a product that promises to contribute to health improvements in the next fifteen years.
In a country that has unlimited access to clean drinking water by way of public water fountains, water filtration systems and proper plumbing, it is hard to imagine the difficulties people face just to get a sip of water that is safe to consume. With the help of the Zimba chlorinator, people living in underdeveloped nations have easier access to purified water.
— Sareen Mekhitarian
July 11, 2019 /by Allegra Upton
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Allegra Upton https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Allegra Upton2019-07-11 07:30:272019-07-08 13:53:08How the Zimba Chlorinator Reduces Waterborne Diseases
Child Labor, Global Poverty, India, Mining
Blood Mica: How Glittery Makeup Supports Child Labor
If you've ever used glittery lipstick or eyeshadow, there's a good chance the products used contained mica, a brittle, shiny mineral which creates a glittering effect in everything from makeup to paint to toothpaste. According to the Responsible Mica Initiative, there's a one in four chance that the glitter in that makeup came from an illegal mine that supported child labor.
Where does Mica come from?
Approximately 90 percent of the world's mica comes from India, particularly from region of Jharkhand where the world's largest mica deposits can be found. Despite its mineral wealth, the region is plagued by poverty and hunger. Of the 33 million people who live in Jharkhand, 13 million are living below the poverty line. This makes Jharkhand one of the poorest regions in India.
Almost half of the children there are underweight while nearly half of its children under the age of five suffer from stunted growth. In addition, illiteracy is also common. In the rural areas of Jharkhand, the percentage of women who are literate is barely more than 45 percent. Because of this poverty, child labor has become common. Having no other options, many families allow their children to find work instead of going to school.
The mica mines in the region, many of which are run by cartels, are more than willing to take advantage of this. While employing miners under the age of eighteen is illegal, it is estimated that around 20,000 children and teenagers in Jharkhand are working for mica mines. However, it's hard to say if this is the true number, given that all of these children are working for mines that do not officially exist.
The Dangers of Mica Mining
Some of these children are as young as five, and the nature of their work leaves them completely unprotected from the danger of the mines. These "ghost" mines, as the illegal mines are sometimes called, operate without any sort of safety regulations. The hollowed-out caves often collapse, frequently crushing miners or trapping them underground.
While the true number can't be found, some estimates claim that at least two to five children die in the mica mines each month. Many of these deaths are never reported because of the risk they would pose to the mica industry. One mica miner recalled the story of a woman who had fallen into the mines and died, but her death certificate claimed that the cause of death was a fall from a two-story building.
Even without that risk, other dangers include the risk of being stung by scorpions that hide under the rocks and cutting themselves. In addition, many miners end up breathing in silica dust, which can lead to silicosis, a chronic respiratory condition that leads to breathing difficulties and eventual scarring in the lungs. Many workers also run a high risk of contracting asthma or black lung disease.
To add insult to injury, miners usually receive a pittance for their work, especially underage miners. One child reported that his usual daily pay was about 50 rupees or less than $1. Worst of all, reports on illegal mica mining show that ghost mines aren't an anomaly in Jharkhand. Some claim that at least 70 percent of the region's exported mica is illegally mined.
How will the makeup industry and makeup buyers distance themselves from the cruelty and corruption that supplies so much mica? One answer is to stop using mica or to ensure that the mica they use is ethically sourced. As the world becomes aware of the plight of the Jharkhand miners, this is what many makeup companies are doing. In January 2018, the company Lush began using synthetic mica, which is produced in a lab.
Other companies are calling for a more ethical supply chain. The Responsible Mica Initiative, an alliance formed between cosmetics companies including l'Oreal, Chanel and Estee Lauder, has the goal of eradicating child labor in mica production within the next five years. Along with their efforts to ensure that their companies only use ethically sourced mica, the Initiative is working with the Indian government and local authorities to empower communities in the Jharkhand region in hopes of cutting off the region's dependence on predatory mica mines.
Cracking Down on Illigal Mines
Meanwhile, the Indian government has been doing what they can to crack down on illegal mines. After an ongoing investigation, including the investigation of several unreported deaths in the Jharkhand region, the Indian government has begun pushing to legalize mica mining again. If more mines become legal, the logic goes, they would have to allow for accountability regarding how they treat their workers and they wouldn't be able to employ children or teenagers.
Many experts agree, however, that the key to stopping predatory illegal mines is ensuring that the people of Jharkhand do not have to depend on those mines to survive. This is what the Responsible Mica Initiative is aiming to do by empowering villages in rural Jharkhand. Its empowerment programs involve efforts to have more children enrolled in school, to educate people on alternate sources of income, to improve healthcare in villages and to strengthen local institutions.
In a region afflicted with poverty and crippled by its dependence on mica, the issue goes far deeper than simply eradicating illegal mines. However, with the persistance of makeup companies and organizations like the Responsible Mica Initiative, the region may be able to climb out of poverty and break the cycle of child exploitation that has plagued it for so long.
– Keira Charles
July 9, 2019 /by Emi Cormier
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Emi Cormier https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Emi Cormier2019-07-09 01:30:252019-07-07 16:48:14Blood Mica: How Glittery Makeup Supports Child Labor
Elections, Global Poverty, India, Poverty Reduction
2019 Elections in India
The 2019 elections in India represent the largest displays of democracy around the world. Because of the number of eligible constituents, more than seven phases of the election took place throughout the country. The same rules that apply in America apply in India; you have to be at least 18 years old and register to vote. The casting of votes ended on May 19, and the counted votes were revealed on May 23.
There were two primary candidates in the running for the elections. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who won the 2014 elections, ran as part of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The opposing candidate was Rahul Gandhi, a member of the Congress Party.
"Together with All, Progress for All" was Narendra Modi's campaign slogan for the 2019 elections in India. But, what does this statement mean for the country as a whole? India is one of the poorest countries in the world, even though its economy is rapidly growing. According to Forbes, "The GDP per capita of Delhi, the National Capital Territory with a population of 20-25 million, is roughly equal to that of Indonesia at around $4,000." Although some provinces come in even lower.
The wealthiest territory in India is Delhi, and the poorest states are Bihar and Uttar. The disparity is so great that Delhi's GDP per capita is over four times that of each of the poorest states in India. So, what does Modi plan to do with such variety within one nation? He plans on reducing internal trade barriers between states and constructing a highway that would connect most of the country.
Modi also plans to continue the reform of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) that was implemented to reduce complications between different state taxes. The goal of the GST is to level the playing field for businesses, bringing about a common rule of taxation.
Reducing the internal trader barrier, implementing the construction of a national highway and continuing the reform of the GST will all help move India toward a reduction in national poverty. Uniting a scattered and diverse country through general taxation and a major roadway could help diminish chaos and confusion.
Rahul Gandhi is part of the National Congress Party and has spent much of his life in politics. The Congress Party's slogan for the 2019 elections in India was, "Now, There will be Justice." Gandhi claimed that, if elected, he could assure the people of India "truth, freedom, dignity, self-respect, and prosperity for our people." Gandhi believes the injustice that ruled during Modi's previous regime has left the countryside of India scattered and depraved.
He his plan was to create job sustainability throughout the country by deferring application fees for government jobs and other work. He also hoped to bring growth to the manufactoring businesses and to encourage people to take up entrepreneur endeavors through the Enterprise Support Agency.
Furthermore, Gandhi planned to push for incentives for businesses to hire women and broaden diversity among the workplace. He wanted to abolish the law that states women are unable to work night shifts and to reinstate the Equal Remuneration Act of 1976, which demanded men and women have equal pay.
The votes for the 2019 elections in Indian were counted on May 23. The nation reelected Modi who must continue to address the issue of regional disparity between states. If the government focuses on unifying its nation and bringing the people to one comprehensive understanding of law and regulation, India's economic gain could be substantial.
– Hannah Vaughn
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
July 6, 2019 /by Maja Stamenkovska
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Maja Stamenkovska https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Maja Stamenkovska2019-07-06 07:30:162019-07-04 11:49:082019 Elections in India
Global Poverty, India, NGO, Pollution, USAID, Water, Water Sanitation
Sanitizing Wastewater in India
India is not only one of the most populated countries in the world, but it is also one of the poorest. In addition to poverty, India is grappling with a lack of access to clean water and increasing pollution. This not only takes a toll on households but also affects industrial and agricultural demands. Urban runoff is an issue when domestic waste and untreated water go into storm drains, polluting lakes and rivers. Approximately only 30 percent of the wastewater in India is cleaned and filtered.
The U.S. Agency for International Development teamed up with a nongovernmental organization, Agra Municipal Corporation, to formulate a treatment plan to clean the wastewater in India.
What is Being Done?
North of the Taj Mahal runs the Yamuna River, one of the most polluted waterways in India. Agra, the city through which the river runs, is a slum community. As of 2009, this community has had no access to sanitation facilities, disposal systems or waste collection. At least 85 percent of the residents in Agra have resorted to open defecation that ultimately pollutes the Yamuna River, where residents collect drinking water. This lack of sanitation has left the community vulnerable to diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid and polio.
USAID-supported NGO Center for Urban and Regional Excellence decided to reverse the state of Agra and come up with a treatment plan. In 2011, they built a wastewater treatment plant to clean the water, leading to healthier community members. Instead of chemicals, the treatment plant uses natural methods to sanitize the water. Moreover, they designed the plant to be low-maintenance, thus keeping it cost-efficient. After filtering and sanitizing the water, it flows back into the community for residents to collect.
As of 2017, the Agra Municipal Corporation, who initially teamed up with USAID, took over operating the plant. And they made it their mission to continue working to improve the lives of the residents.
The Center for Urban and Regional Excellence's transformation of Agra influenced the government to also act. As a result, the government planned to cleanse the entire country by the end of 2019. On Oct. 2, 2014, the Prime Minister of India declared the Swachh Bharat Mission. At the time, only 38.7 percent of the country was clean—less than half. As of 2019, India's government reported 98.9 percent of the country is now clean. Since the mission began, they built 9,023,034,753 household toilets and established
5,054,745 open defecation-free villages,
4,468 open defecation-free villages in Namami Gange,
613 open defecation-free districts, and
29 open defecation-free states.
Less than 2 percent away from meeting their goal, India has made big improvements to better the lives of its citizens by providing clean water for domestic and industrial purposes.
– Lari'onna Green
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Zach Locy https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Zach Locy2019-06-24 09:35:232019-06-25 12:19:18Sanitizing Wastewater in India
Global Poverty, Healthcare, India, New Technology
Five Improvements for Health Care in India
Technical advancements are revolutionizing the health care industry in India. The country is now experiencing a rise of entrepreneurs and start-up culture, with a promising GDP that is expected to expand to 7.5 percent by 2020. In return, the health care industry of India can expect to see more personalized and accessible health options as well as better infrastructure. Below are five recent improvements for health care in India worth noting.
The National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS), also called the Ayushman Bharat, is one of the biggest advances in Indian health care to date. The initiative provides health care coverage for 100 million low-income families in India — nearly 40 percent of the population will have secondary and tertiary care procedures handled for them. Priority is given to women, children and senior citizens. Another component of the NHPS involves setting up 150,000 wellness centers to take care of primary health. In poor regions of India where people have remained dependent on government hospitals, their lives should improve as the NHPS improves health care infrastructure and creates more job opportunities.
In March 2019, Esri, a global company developing location intelligence software, opened its latest research and development center in New Delhi. Esri is bringing improvements for health care in India through geospatial mapping technologies with the software ArcGIS, which can assist health organizations in making decisions that impact the health of India's population. In developing countries, the demand for health service can outweigh the availability of service. As a result, geospatial intelligence has not been a priority in India's government policies. The infrastructure for health care networking in India is limited, but there is a possibility for growth with Esri building a hub in India. Medical mapping, or health geo-information, is an efficient way for countries to monitor disease outbreaks, flood risks, and many other functions that improve overall public wellness. For example, in 2013, African organizations used ArcGIS to find the regions of Africa most afflicted by the eye disease known as trachoma; health workers were then able to reach out and provide antibiotics and corrective surgery to these areas.
The startup company Niramai is developing an affordable screening tool called Thermalytix to counter the high rate of breast cancer-related deaths in India. According to WHO, one in every 12 women have the risk of a breast cancer abnormality, and Indian women have a 50 percent chance of survival. By using thermography for early detection, the screening tool is radiation-free, non-invasive, privacy-sensitive and accurate. Thermography reading has been around for a while, especially in the world of holistic medicine, but Niramai's device uses machine learning algorithms to ensure an accurate result, making it one of the most innovative improvements for health care in India yet.
Phillips and GE Health care have made it possible for doctors in urban cities to see rural patients through an apparatus called Tele-ICU. Since most hospitals in India are not equipped with high-quality intensive care units to handle the high demand, Tele-ICU provides a new option and eliminates transportation risks for patients. It uses video cameras, microphones, alarms and other tools to monitor patients in need of intensive care. By establishing an intensivist and a nurse within a command center, doctors can review patients' records electronically through Phillips' Clinical Decision Support software. Through the InTeleEye Mobile Cart, the command center can enter the ICU and oversee a patient's physical condition through a screen. Tele-ICU thus upgrades the care and reduces the length of stay, therefore diminishing overall hospital costs, too.
Several phone apps have made improvements for health care in India with the goal of helping women. Maya, a comprehensive health tracker app, provides a tool for women to manage their menstrual health. The developer, Plackal Tech, claims that only 12 percent of women at reproductive age in India use sanitary napkins, likely due to the country's stigma of menstruation. To combat this stigma, Maya helps educate and empower women to understand and nurture their bodies. Another app, Celes Care, has become India's first virtual health clinic for women. In 2015, the World Bank found that 174 women died per 100,000 live births, which is an improvement from the 215-figure in 2010. This number is still high, however, compared to developed countries where the mother's mortality rate stays in the single digits range. Apps like Celes Care are necessary to provide long-distance preventative health care and deliver prescriptions to women in India. Within a minute, users can connect privately with a female physician who will address issues concerning fertility, pregnancy, thyroid, PCOS, weight control and menopause.
Such innovative solutions provide hope for reducing health risks and increasing access to health care in India.
– Isadora Savage
June 22, 2019 /by Allegra Upton
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Allegra Upton https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Allegra Upton2019-06-22 13:54:292019-06-22 13:58:04Five Improvements for Health Care in India
Development Projects, Global Poverty, India, Informal Economy, Slums
The Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project
The Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project was approved by the state government of Maharashtra on October 16, 2018. The new proposal plans to renovate the entire slum as a whole while previous failed attempts planned to divide the slum into 12 parts. The new plan must take into account the previous failures in order to succeed in the redevelopment of such a populated area.
About Dharavi
Dharavi is considered Asia's largest slum, spanning almost 600 acres of land. Located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, it is a long stretch of shanty houses, dirt roads and open sewage. It is estimated that the percentage of people in Greater Mumbai living in slums may be as high as 41.3 percent. Dharavi has a population of around one million people. Because Mumbai has some of the highest rental prices in the world, Dharavi has become a more affordable option for those moving to the city.
The slum was founded in 1882 during the time of British rule during the country's urbanization. When the plague spread through India, the British government transferred much of its industry to Dharavi. What began as a fishing village has since grown into a densely populated, culturally rich and diverse area. It has an active informal economy where businesses will employ many slum residents for leather, textiles and pottery products.
About the Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project
Redevelopment plans for Dharavi have been on hold for the past 15 years, beginning in February 2004. There is hope now that the Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project will follow through after a Dubai-based firm called Sec-Link Technology Corporation (STC) won the global tender to renovate Dharavi for good.
Sec-Link Group is a special purpose organization working to redevelop slum around the world. This project is largely backed by the UAE. The Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project will cost around Rs 22,000 crore, which is over $3 billion. However, if the project continues to be delayed, the cost could grow to Rs 40,000 crore. STC proposed that slum residents will have larger, carpeted homes with 350 square feet as a minimum. Those above 300 square feet will get 400 square feet, and those over 500 will get an additional area of 35 percent.
The Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project includes using 200 acres to rehabilitate residents and build commercial units, 100 acres for a community garden and the remaining 300 acres will be for sale and commercial complexes. This also means that new infrastructures will be implemented, such as water systems and container housing.
The reason that past redevelopment projects have failed is largely due to resistance from slum residents who felt the plans were not in their interest. Because Dharavi is so condensed, it has grown into its own ecosystem. Residents rely on the micro-enterprises in the slum, some of which take part in homes and outdoor spaces being used for places of work and social interaction. It is important to residents that the economy of Dharavi and their own livelihoods are supported during this change.
In order for a housing upgrade to work for all residents, it's important the Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project allows for the economic and social activities that thrive in slums. By converting slum buildings into industrial centers, Dharavi can grow from deprivation into a magnet of commerce. STC will begin working on the project in 2019 and plan to finish it in nine years.
June 5, 2019 /by Allegra Upton
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Allegra Upton https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Allegra Upton2019-06-05 01:30:422019-06-05 04:49:16The Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project
Female Students, Girls' Education, Global Poverty, Hygiene, India, Women
Top Five Facts About Period Poverty in India
Period poverty is often described as a lack of access to menstrual education and sanitary products. With 800 million women and girls menstruating daily, this is a subject that concerns half the population around the world. However, the issue is particularly prevalent in India where only 42 percent of women have access to sanitary pads. What is being done to alleviate this common problem? Here are the top five facts about period poverty in India.
Increased risk of disease: In India, an estimated 70 percent of all reproductive diseases are caused by poor menstrual hygiene. Women often use dirty rags as a replacement for sanitary pads. Even rags that are cleaned can still develop bacteria if not dried properly. Furthermore, 63 million adolescent girls in India, do not have access to a toilet in their homes. Without a clean and private space to change menstrual products, girls are less likely to properly manage their own hygiene
Cultural stereotypes have a huge impact: Menstruation in India is often seen as a shameful conversation. Studies estimate that 71 percent of girls have no knowledge about menstrual health until after their first period. Women are often described as "dirty" while menstruating and are commonly separated in the home when dining, praying or participating in other activities. Some studies suggest that this is due to gender norms that become more prevalent at puberty. In addition, there is no required curriculum surrounding menstrual health in school.
The high cost of sanitation facilities: Third on the list for the top five facts about period poverty in India is the expense of menstrual products. Approximately 70.62 million people in India live in extreme poverty on less than $1.90 dollars per day. The average Indian woman needs 300 rupees ($4.20) per month for menstrual products. For low-income households, the cost of sanitary pads is often unattainable. Furthermore, Since most adolescents do not have access to toilets at home, girls are more likely to pay for restrooms in public, which is another unaffordable expense.
Period poverty in India affects education: On average, girls miss six days of class each month due to shame surrounding their periods or a lack of sanitary products. This contributes to the number of girls in India who drop out of school each year, around 23 percent. Girls that leave school are stunted in their careers and are more likely to become child brides. India has the highest number of child brides in the world, with 15.5 million children being married by the age of 18.
Removal of taxes: While some parts of period poverty seem daunting, other parts seem hopeful. In 2017, the Indian government labeled menstrual products as luxury goods. Quickly after the announcement of the new tax, the public gathered to campaign against it. In July of 2018, the government removed the tax, thus making sanitary products more accessible to low-income households.
Working to Improve Conditions
The good news doesn't end with the removal of taxes. Many positive strides have been taken to address the issues of period poverty. Binti is one organization in India (as well as 11 other countries) aiming to minimize the issue. The nonprofit is fighting for menstrual equality through education, distribution of sanitary products and government advocacy. The World Bank and WASH partnered together to create Menstrual Hygiene Day to spread awareness about the importance of sanitary products for women and girls around the world.
Documentaries have also aided in global education surrounding period poverty. For example, "Period. End of Sentence." partnered with Action India (a nonprofit aiming to create gender equality) to create a documentary about the situation. The Netflix original was successful in fundraising enough money to install a vending machine of menstrual products in Hapur, India. It was also awarded an Oscar for "best documentary short film, gaining public recognition for its efforts.
Ultimately, when looking at the top five facts about period poverty in India, one can see it is a very prevalent issue. Menstrual inequality is often caused by shame around the conversation as well as the high cost of feminine products. This creates challenges in education and an increased risk of disease. However, many positive strides are being made, and governments are starting to see that this is a cause worth advocating for.
– Anna Melnik
June 3, 2019 /by Zach Locy
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Zach Locy https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Zach Locy2019-06-03 01:30:382019-06-17 09:50:45Top Five Facts About Period Poverty in India
Global Poverty, Health, India, Pollution, Renewable Energy, Solar Energy
How Companies Will Help Lower Kanpur's Pollution
The rising amount of pollution on Earth is something that almost everyone is well aware of. Pollution is something that continues to increase daily and can often remain in an area for years. It can be seen in the Arctic, the oceans, the forests and the most populated cities. In Kanpur, for example, the population is so dense that it has become nearly impossible to keep pollution to a minimum, especially in the winter time. Kanpur sees this pollution as a problem and is seeking out innovative solutions to help lower Kanpur's pollution.
Health Problems From Pollution
Kanpur is home to 3 million people and contains a hazardous amount of pollution that is gradually killing the city. This can lead to health problems for its citizens as well as create a more difficult environment for the vulnerable population. Kanpur generates 400 tonnes of waste that often contaminates underground water sources, which leads to disease. In 2015, 40,000 patients were seen at the Murari Lal Chest Hospital, but in 2016 this number jumped to 64,000. The people seen are those who are able to afford healthcare, but many are not able to seek out medical help for pollution-related health problems.
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has recently come up with a solution to help lower Kanpur's pollution. It's called cloud seeding, it's a process that involved a mixture of salt and silver iodide. These two substances are transported and dispersed through flares in an aircraft. Although these chemicals sound harmful, it actually is a very beneficial process that creates artificial rain. Artificial rain can be used in numerous ways, like providing relief during a severe drought, but in the case, it's used to cleanse the air in a sense, thus reducing pollution.
Important Renewable Energy
Kanpur is working harder to put renewable energy to use. The city plans on ramping up clean energies daily through the use of solar energy. Clean energy is a great way to leave a smaller carbon footprint but have a bigger impact on reducing pollution. This power will be generated through a power grid to be used by the people on a regular basis. This method of reducing pollution is fairly new for those residing in Kanpur. Kanpur's electric company, Kesco, will be taking the lead on this project with the solar power plants. This energy project will supply energy to 7.44 million homes and also improve employment in the area through the creation of new jobs in the solar energy field.
As we can see, Kanpur is finally taking the initiative when it comes to reducing pollution in the city. Not only is the city providing employment opportunities for its residents but it is also working to protect the environment by implementing a clean energy source. The CPCB is also working hard to create artificial rain to make sure that the air stays clean. These creative solutions are definitely working towards a major overall goal of making sure to help lower Kanpur's pollution.
– Emme Chadwick
Photo: Unsplash
May 31, 2019 /by Jenna Chrol
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Jenna Chrol https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Jenna Chrol2019-05-31 01:30:182019-05-28 14:02:55How Companies Will Help Lower Kanpur's Pollution
digital poverty, Global Poverty, India, Information, Mobile Technology
Digital Bangladesh Is Making Progress
Bangladesh has embarked on a journey to digitize itself and transition to a middle-income country by 2021. This goal is known as Digital Bangladesh. Incorporating digital technology in almost every sector of the country is an ambitious target for Bangladesh, yet it has already made progress with more initiatives on the way.
By 2021, the government aims to integrate Information & Communication Technology (ICT) as a key tool in eradicating poverty and establishing good governance as well as improving the quality of education, healthcare and law enforcement. The government has already laid out some of the foundation work for realizing Digital Bangladesh, such as preparing the National ICT Policy 2009 and the Right to Information Act 2009.
Some of the strategies being used to implement Digital Bangladesh include increasing the coverage of broadband internet connection and cellphone communication throughout the country in order to exchange information and access different types of services, integrating ICT into the school curriculum and improving the capacity and management of healthcare services. Other important areas Digital Bangladesh will improve are increased efficiency in judicial processes, improved coverage of social safety-net programs, reduced environmental impact as well as increased access to banking and financial services.
The Benefits of Digitizing
With more than 120 million cellphone subscribers and 43 million internet subscribers, the population of Bangladesh has been able to enjoy the benefits of digitizing different services around the country. Some examples of these digital services include admission registration to academic institutions, the publication of exam results online, online submission of tax returns, online banking systems and bill payments and filing complaints to police stations. Even video conferencing and telemedicine services are now available in rural areas of the country.
The Access to Information (a2i) Program, supported by UNDP and USAID since 2007, has been the driving force for Digital Bangladesh with the aim of increasing transparency, improving governance and reducing inefficiency in providing public services around the country. On average, six million e-services are provided per month to rural and remote areas through the 407 City Corporation Digital Centers, 321 Municipality Digital Centers and 4,547 Union Digital Centers.
Digitizing is helping to streamline government affairs. More than 25,000 websites of different unions, sub-districts, districts, departments and ministries are connected through the National Web Portal. This portal contains information for more than 43,000 government offices. Furthermore, activities are much more environmentally friendly now that the Prime Minister's Office as well as around 20 ministries, 4 departments, 64 Deputy Commissioner's offices and 7 Divisional Commissioner's offices are using e-filing system. This created an efficient paper-less environment in offices.
In terms of digital payments, as of December 2015, 18 banks are now operating mobile financial services in Bangladesh. Transactions have risen significantly to 120 percent on average since 2011. This amounts to $1.3 billion on average per month. Although these transactions are a small portion of the entire economy, it is still a notable shift towards digital services, thus a step closer to Digital Bangladesh.
More than one billion transactions in 2015, worth around $20 billion, were done digitally. Furthermore, 70 percent of government payments were also digital. As of 2016, around 38 million people in Bangladesh had utilized mobile money services, reflecting the shift from a cash-dominant economy to a more digital payment economy. The availability of mobile money orders has also been a remarkable stride towards Digital Bangladesh, especially for the rural areas in the country.
Furthermore, around 300 of the Digital Centers have been involved with rural e-Commerce, allowing people to purchase items that are not easily available in remote areas. It has also allowed small-scale women entrepreneurs to participate with 5000 women entrepreneurs who are involved with the e-Commerce platform called "ejoyeeta.com," which consists of goods produced by these women.
Improvements Still Needed
Bangladesh still has a long way to go in terms of fully digitizing itself. The National Identification System needs to be fully implemented and incorporated with important services in order to improve access to digital financial services. Since human capital is an essential element when it comes to adopting new technology, programs aimed at incorporating ICT-based education from primary to tertiary level schools should be prioritized. Finally, having political stability is a necessity in realizing Digital Bangladesh, given how political turmoil is often a setback when it comes to the development of different sectors in the country, including ICT.
The progress Bangladesh has made so far in realizing its 2021 goal cannot be overlooked despite its lacking in certain areas. However, with the increase in different digital services and activities around the country, Bangladesh is gradually lifting itself up and shifting towards a more ICT based economy, making Digital Bangladesh a potential reality.
– Farihah Tasneem
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Jenna Chrol https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Jenna Chrol2019-05-28 01:30:582019-05-27 14:44:30Digital Bangladesh Is Making Progress


Props are a great presentation tool.
Both Donald Trump and Sean Spicer recently used props in presentations. Donald Trump's prop was probably effective, at least among his supporters. But in my opinion it was misleading and therefore not honest. We don't want to be dishonest in our presentations, or sales processes even unintentionally.
I believe Sean Spicer's use of a prop was both misleading and ineffective. It's unlikely he intended either of those results.
They can make a point concrete.
They can have an emotional impact.
They can be effective metaphors.
They can inject humour into a presentation.
They focus the audience's attention and interest.
There are many ways to tell a story. But one extremely effective – and underutilized – technique is to use 3D props. Props break the pattern of what's expected – and can make the prospect sit up and pay attention. Props make a metaphor or analogy tangible. Props create a physical reminder and can continue selling even when you've left the room.
In President Trump's speech to congress on February 28, he effectively used a powerful 3D prop – People.
Four of Mr. Trump's guests were family members of people who, authorities said, were killed by immigrants living in the United States illegally.
Regardless of the fact that immigrants are statistically less likely to commit crimes than native-born Americans (Pérez-Peña, 2017), no families of people killed by Americans were guests. If they had been, their numbers would have been proportionately much greater than Mr. and Mrs. Trump's chosen guests. Now this can be taken as a political opinion; but here it's meant as an evaluation of a powerful presentation tool – props.
When you use props in your presentations, you will naturally use those that are likely to be most effective. That just makes sense. And from Trump's perspective, his props (guests) probably did just that. But I believe it gave an inaccurate visual to the audience.
Was Mr. Trump's use of a prop inaccurate to the point of misleading? And how dangerous can that be?
Well, there's the possibility of hate being generated against immigrants. Fear is a powerful motivator, as is a 'common enemy'. The presentation of these guests as props could contribute to a view of immigrants as the enemy, and potentially even hate crimes. Mr. Trump would not have intended that.
Even if a prop is accidentally inaccurate, the results can be significant. The poor use of a 2D visual aid, or prop may have had a significant causal effect on the Challenger disaster. Information designer Edward Tufte has claimed that the Challenger accident is an example of the problems that can occur from the lack of clarity in the presentation of information.
leading to the deaths of its seven crew members, which included five NASA astronauts and two Payload Specialists. (from Wikipedia).
Why did the space shuttle Challenger explode? Many people assume it was because of poorly-functioning O rings on the booster rocket. However, those O rings didn't send that ship up on a cold winter's morn.
People did, and those people drew their most critical information from two simple charts, screened by an overhead projector.
The graphs displayed tiny pictures of each shuttle booster, lined up in chronological order, showing launch temperatures and any O ring damage.
They looked like so many crayons in a box, and when the engineers and managers finished looking at them, they didn't know any more than they had before.
The launch was made and seven people died.
Per Tufte, if the engineers' presentation charts had been done a different way, the Challenger would not have been sent up and the disaster would never have occurred. That's a pretty serious result of a poorly chosen or presented prop (the charts). A chart is a 2D prop and Trump used 3D, but points out the importance of what people see during our presentations.
So, whether our presentation tools present inaccurate facts deliberately or by accident, it is incumbent on us when we present to be accurate and ethical. The effectiveness of a very good prop doesn't always make it the right tool.
Mr. Spicer used a tall stack of papers and short stack of papers to illustrate why the Republican replacement of the Affordable Care Act is better. Because of the size of the document. Not only did reports of the press briefing ridicule this as a measure of value (Jimmy Kimmel On Sean Spicer Health Care Pitch: "It's Like He's Writing Melissa McCarthy's Sketches") the Republican policy is a work in progress (Rascoe, New York Times). So, one could expect that stack of papers to grow as well. That hurt Mr. Spicer's credibility. Credibility is critical in firmly anchoring a presentation's message.
Mr. Spicer also used a guest as a prop; but in that case the prop was most likely effective. Secretary of Health and Human Services seems a strong voice for healthcare. So not all bad.
But the stack-of-papers prop just wasn't convincing; and eroded Mr. Spicer's credibility. We don't want either of those things to happen in our business presentations.
Often, you can skip the PowerPoint presentation (What?!!!) and use only stories and props, or visual aids.
When you're using a 2D or 3D prop, choose wisely. A prop should be relevant to your presentation or conversation.
Sometimes that gets a little creative. One of my favourite uses of props was in a software sales presentation and demo. Throughout the presentation the sales team used Easy as Pie as a theme, or recurrent phrase to anchor their message. At the end of the presentation, they placed several fresh apple pies on the boardroom table, and served them to the audience. The audience loved it! And they remembered the Easy as Pie presentation.
You don't always have to be super creative with your props. Something that shows visually what you're talking about is powerful. Years ago, I worked with a smart, successful man who was a truly terrible presenter. He made me think of Dean Martin or some other 'drunk' making a presentation. He wasn't inebriated – he just sounded that way and was as coherent as drunks usually are. We took a presentation skills course that included the use of 3D props. Shortly after that, Jim had to make a presentation about his product line – Plasticizers. A plasticizer is a chemical substance which when added to a material, usually a plastic, makes it flexible, resilient and easier to handle. Not a fascinating topic. And he wanted to talk about the use of plasticizers in cars. Not an easy prop to bring to a meeting.
But he actually brought a car bumper. That was close to 20 years ago and I still remember how easy it was to understand how plasticizers can be useful. Because of the prop.
Go ahead and use PowerPoint. Used correctly it can be effective and interesting. But also use 2D props – Pictures, Chart, Videos. Visual messages are more quickly understood and remembered longer. The use of visuals can break up a presentation so your audience remains alert. A sleepy audience is never a good audience.
Too many props can be distracting. Too many 3D props can be hard to manage, so you become more involved in handling your props than in getting your message across. No props can result in a boring presentation that isn't clear; but that doesn't mean you always need them. So, consider your message, your audience and your total presentation. When needed, go to a prop. When not useful, don't.
You must be very comfortable with your prop, including 2D. Charts must be accurate, videos must work. And you have to be able to properly handle and use any 3D prop you have. Even if it's people, you should practice introducing them, pointing to them or bringing them up on stage. When the Easy as Pie team did their presentation, they rehearsed getting the pies into the room unseen, and the best way to bring them out and serve them.
You use props all the time already. Have you ever lined up glasses to explain a point at dinner? You were using props. So, know you can use this tool and go for it.


text:
Ненад Новакович (; 14 июля 1981, Ужице, СФРЮ) — сербский футболист, вратарь.

Карьера
Новакович начинал карьеру профессионального футболиста в Сербии. С 2001 по 2002 годы он провёл один сезон в клубе «Раднички» из Крагуеваца, затем два сезона выступал за «Напредак». В 2005 году вратарь подписал контракт с командой «Кёге» из 1 дивизиона Дании (вторая по значимости лига страны). В декабре 2006 года Новакович перебрался в «Оденсе», но не провёл за него ни одного матча.

31 января 2007 года Ненад Новакович перешёл в итальянский клуб «Реджина». В сезоне 2006/07 серб был вторым вратарём в команде после Андреа Кампаджноло. В новом сезоне 2007/08 Новакович официально дебютировал за клуб: 29 августа 2007 года он вышел на поле в матче третьего раунда Кубка Италии против «Пьяченцы» (итоговый счёт 3:2 в пользу «Реджины»). В декабре 2007 года основной голкипер команды получил травму, и Ненад занимает его место в основном составе. Дебют сербского вратаря в Серии А состоялся 16 декабря 2007 года в матче с «Пармой», в котором «Реджина» потерпела поражение со счётом 0:3. В следующем матче с «Катанией» Новакович пропустил обидный гол от Хуана Варгаса: Варгас удачно выполнил штрафной с 40 метров, закрутив мяч слева от стенки, а вратарь «Реджины» пропустил мяч между ног. После этого сербский футболист появлялся в Серии А только 4 раза.

В 2008 году Новакович был арендован датским «Олесунном», а в следующем сезоне перешёл в «Норшелланн». В 2010 году он подписал контракт с клубом «Дебрецен» из чемпионата Венгрии. 4 марта 2011 года дебютировал в составе новой команды в матче с «Кечкеметом»

Достижения
 Чемпион Венгрии (2): 2011/12, 2013/14
 Обладатель Кубка Венгрии (2): 2011/12, 2012/13

Примечания

Ссылки

 Профиль игрока на сайте ФК «Норшелланн»
 Статистика на сайте Gazzetta

Футболисты Сербии и Черногории
Футболисты Сербии
Игроки ФК «Раднички» Крагуевац
Игроки ФК «Напредак»
Игроки ФК «Кёге»
Игроки ФК «Реджина»
Игроки ФК «Олесунн»
Игроки ФК «Норшелланн»
Игроки ФК «Дебрецен»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Flame Thrower, by Rezwan Razzaq
Award Winner | Photo of the Day | March 23rd | 0 Reviews
This photograph of a flame thrower was taken at the event of Poush Shongkranti, a festival observed by the old town people of Dhaka celebrated with kite flying and fireworks. This was at Shakhari Bazar, one of the oldest areas in Old Dhaka that stretches along a narrow lane, at around 6pm.
Nikon D90 | 1/1600sec @ f/2.8 | ISO 640 | Focal Length 80mm
Award Winner: Photo of the Day | March 23
Award Score: 70 (Value 13, Clarity 13, Composition 18, Style 13, Skill 13)
Photo of the Day Award Category: Artistic Photography
Photograph Location: Shakhari Bazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Photographer: Rezwan Razzaq (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Originally from Dhaka, Bangladesh, Rezwan Razzaq lives in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia now. He graduated in Software Engineering from Abertay University, UK and currently working at a renowned multinational tech company as a Software Engineer in Malaysia. He has been doing photography with Film SLR (Nikon N75) since his teenage but his interest in this media took a major turn in 2009 when he started out with DSLR (Nikon D90).
Rezwan has a keen eye for the tiny details on the streets and people. Although he does glamour and portraits for commercial purpose, his primary interest lies in storytelling through his photographs. He has won numerous National Awards and some honourable recognition internationally. His works have been featured in various online blogs and photo journals.
Website: https://www.rezwanrazzaq.com
Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rezwanrazzaq/
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/rezwanrazzaqphotography
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/weddingbd
Tags: Classic, Kuakata, Rezwan Razzaq, Artistic Photography, Bangladesh
A Little Hand
Childhood Days, by Joy Acharyya
Stop! One at a time, by Nirmal Harindran
Invisible Ties
The Inner Colour of Ahsan Manjil, by Tanmoy Saha
A Face in the Crowd, by Shirren Lim
Too Old to Survive, by Tanmoy Saha
Photo of the Month | 67th Month
Making Way through the Throng, by Sudeep Mehta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Efforts to reform fisheries in the present just got a boost from the past. Two quantitative studies of prehistoric fisheries show that some early cultures figured out how to get high yields without overexploitation.
Jack Kittinger of the University of Hawaii in Honolulu and Loren McClenachan of Simon Fraser University (SFU) in Vancouver, Canada, studied the reef fisheries in Hawaii since the islands were first colonised 700 years ago.
With little archaeological evidence of farming, the earliest Hawaiians were reliant on the sea for much of their food. Previous estimates suggest they each consumed about 182.5 kilograms of seafood per year – similar to levels in Pacific island countries which rely on seafood today. Kittinger and McClenachan worked out the total annual catch, assuming a conservative estimate that Hawaiian population reached 160,000 before contact with European settlers. It is thought that the population was probably more like 250,000 at its pre-settler peak.
Historical accounts and ethnographic studies suggest why the Hawaiian fishing operations were so successful. The pre-European society had a complex set of rules that saw reefs regularly closed to fishing, strict regulations on fishing gear, and restrictions on eating vulnerable species – all remarkably prescient of modern regulations.
There is also archaeological evidence that they built extensive fish ponds stocked with juvenile mullet and milkfish as insurance against famine. The regulations make sense, given that Hawaii is at the mercy of tsunamis, floods, hurricanes and droughts, requiring sophisticated risk management strategies.
The Hawaiians were not the only Pacific community to fish sustainably. SFU researchers Anne Salomon and Amy Groesbeck have been studying the ancient "clam gardens" in the territory of the Kwakwak'awakw and K'ómoks First Nations along the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Such structures were built and maintained for 2000 years, from Washington State to Alaska, until European settlers disrupted the practice.
Clams are filter feeders and thrive on pebbly beaches that trap nutrients brought in with the tide. The gardens provide them with these preferred conditions. They are walled structures built in the intertidal zone of shores. As the tide rises, water cascades over the walls and washes nutrients into the beach behind, which has been artificially extended to create a clam-friendly pebbly habitat. At low tide, the area is exposed and easy to harvest.
The terraced beaches are extensive platforms that provide the clams with perfect living conditions, so in theory the shellfish there should grow faster and live longer, allowing for more sustainable cultivation. To test the claim, Salomon and Groesbeck seeded 11 walled and unwalled beaches with clams in the spring and then in the autumn dug them up to compare growth.
Their as-yet-unpublished work shows that the gardens work, says Salomon. "Our experimental data shows quantitatively that you get more clams from clam gardens, with higher survival rates and higher growth rates." She adds that it is clear that the people heavily exploited this method – the bay under study has over 50 original clam gardens.
Not all early societies had sustainable practices, though. Kittinger and McClenachan also looked at ancient fishing in the Florida Keys. Lack of freshwater probably limited the pre-European population to around 1000 people, and so they did not face food shortages – and the locals had strong trade connections with the Caribbean. They had little need for Hawaiian-style regulations or sustainable fishing practices. Once European settlers arrived, however, an unsustainable fish export economy quickly emerged.


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text:
Robert Melvin "Bob" Carpenter (nacido el  y fallecido el ) fue un jugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó seis temporadas en la NBL y dos más en la NBA. Con 1,96 metros de estatura, jugaba en la posición de ala-pívot.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante su etapa universitaria en la Universidad Estatal del Este de Texas, actualmente Texas A&M University–Commerce, siendo junto a Jake Carter los primeros jugadores de dicha institución en llegar a jugar en la NBA.

Profesional
Debutó como profesional con los Oshkosh All-Stars de la NBL, con los que se proclamó campeón en su primera temporada, colaborando con 5,0 puntos por partido. Tras esa temporada, tuvo que cumplir con el servicio militar durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, no regresando al equipo hasta 1945. En su temporada de retorno fue incluido en el mejor quinteto de la liga, tras liderar la misma en anotación, con 13,9 puntos por partido.

Al año siguiente promedió 11,7 puntos por partido, siendo incluido en el segundo mejor quinteto de la NBL. Jugó dos años más en la liga, incluido un breve paso por los Hammond Calumet Buccaneers, hasta que en  fichó por los Fort Wayne Pistons de la NBA. Ya con 32 años, en su primera temporada promedió 9,3 puntos y 1,4 asistencias por partido, sólo superado dentro de su equipo por Fred Schaus y Charlie Black. Mediada la temporada siguiente fue traspasado a Tri-Cities Blackhawks, donde acabó su carrera profesional.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la NBA

Temporada regular

Playoffs

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Estadísticas en la NBL
 Ficha de Carpenter en NBA.com
 Ficha de Bob Carpenter en ultimatenba.com
 Ficha de Carpenter en justsportsstats.com
 Ficha en probasketballencyclopedia.com

Baloncestistas de Texas
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de los Texas A&M–Commerce Lions
Baloncestistas de los Oshkosh All-Stars
Baloncestistas de los Hammond Calumet Buccaneers
Baloncestistas de los Fort Wayne Pistons
Baloncestistas de los Tri-Cities Blackhawks
Nacidos en Wisconsin


Burning Building Comix is the graphic novel collection based on the Ignatz nominated mini comic series by Jeff Zwirek. Presented for the first time under one cover and in full color, Burning Building Comix is a comics art object and reading experience like no other. The innovative format of this book allows readers to follow the plight of the trapped tenants in a ten story burning apartment building, with each tier of panels representing 1 "story" in the building.
Stand-up comic is a comic about Stand-up comedian Buster Guts. Buster tells jokes about his horrible life in excruciating detail. Warning, it gets a little blue.
Comic comes with an easel on the back to literaly "stand-up".
8 pages Black and White interiors. Comes with easel attached to back suitable for standing.
Self Published Mini-Comic in Color and Black and White.
A series of Illustrations for Slate.com's book review section.
Anthology of gangland violence by Chicago cartoonists. Edited by Jeff Zwirek featuring comics by Jeremy Tinder, Bernie McGovern, Neil Brideau, Rickey Gonzalez, Nate Beaty, Neil Fitzpatrick, and Sam Sharpe.
Silk screened, hand cut cover. Black and white interior.
All books designs by the author.
A series of Illustrations made to promote CAKE, the Chicago Alternative Comics Expo.
A Series of drawings of the first season of the cast of M*A*S*H.
Various Birthday Cards, Birth Announcements, and Wedding Invitations for my family.
Portraits done in Ink, guache and water color.


38. A feasy for the three days of the writingof the Book of the Law.
66. Write, & find ecstasy in writing! Work, & be our bed in working! Thrill with the joy of life & death! Ah! thy death shall be lovely: whososeeth it shall be glad. Thy death shall be the seal of the promise of our agelong love. Come! lift up thine heart & rejoice! We are one; we are none.


In biology, "Convergent Evolution" is the idea that different species independently evolve the same features because they are the best solutions to a common problem–for example; birds, bats, bugs, and pterosaurs all evolved flight separately from one another.
Scientific breakthroughs are often achieved by multiple people at the same time. Newton and Leibniz, for instance, both developed calculus at roughly the same time.
And so in my adult life I've noticed that smart people often cluster around the same sets of ideas in seemingly unrelated domains of life. We are all seeking the best solutions to surviving and thriving in this world and often reach the same conclusions.
I've met an uncanny number of people who are interested in location independence afforded by online businesses, paleo diet and strength training for optimal health, improving relationships with science rooted in human nature, and forms of spirituality that don't rely on superficial notions of supernatural beings and religious dogma.
If you are part of my tribe and these topics appeal to you, then I invite you to join me in my quest to get the most out of this adventure called life.
In many ways I grew up as just an ordinary meat and potatoes guy from Des Moines, Iowa. And in many ways, I've also taken on the flavors of the different places and cultures I've lived in since then.
A recurring theme in my life is that I've constantly had to find ways of using my brains to overcome my general lack of natural talent in other areas. I have discovered that most skills in life are learn-able.
Nearly anything you might want to do in life can be broken down into it's constituent parts and learned to a high enough level to put you in the top 20%–even things you might not think like sports or being successful at attracting a high quality significant other.
I've also learned that meaningful wins in life don't always just come from busting your hump as hard as possible. It's equally, if not more important, to become good at identifying opportunities.
Travel many places. I've lived in Iowa, California, New York, Texas, Japan, and Korea. I've also traveled to Mexico, Puerto Rico, England, Ireland, Sweden, China, Thailand and Germany.
Graduate from Stanford University. Going to Stanford actually had the opposite effect on me that you might think. After graduation I thought here I was coming out of this great school, I must have the knowledge for what it takes to succeed in the world. My first few years out of school I realized that school really doesn't prepare you for anything, and now you are faced with the challenge of discovering what kind of life you want to live and learning the necessary skills to make it a reality.
Compete in triathlons. I joined my high school swim team in order to learn how to swim for triathlons. I was so bad my coach joked that he thought I might drown the first day of practice. Learning to swim for triathlons was a key lesson in my life on the learnability of skills.
Learn Japanese. Asian languages are one of my passions. I spent about two years combined living in Japan and passed the highest level of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test.
Learn Korean. My second love in Asian languages. I have also spent several years living in Korea and learned to speak Korean fluently.
Set a powerlifting national record. In March 2011 I broke the 100% RAW Powerlifting Federation national record for the squat in the 25-29 age group, 132 lb weight class.
Appear in a fashion magazine (upper left photo). While living in New York, I really got into dressing sharp. I was on the way to work one day and photographers from Gainer Magazine (a Japanese men's fashion magazine) approached me and took a few photos right there on the street.
Eat a Paleo Diet. I had struggled with an on and off cold most of my life. In the summer of 2008 I decided I'd had enough. Inspired by a Korean saying that "food is medicine," I set out to learn about nutrition and health. The science and principles behind "eating what our genes evolved to eat" made sense, and have made a dramatic improvement in my health.


Although many people work hard to keep their body in shape and maintain a healthy weight and levels of blood pressure and cholesterol, it's easy to assume that your brain doesn't need much maintenance. After all—it works just fine on its own, right?
There are many factors that affect your risk for cognitive disorders like these, but a healthy lifestyle can help reduce your risk. Below, Dr. Liporace explores what you can do today.
Remember: what you feed your body, you feed your brain; make sure it's healthy. For optimum brain health, maintain a low-fat diet that focuses on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
While no diet in particular can guarantee a healthy brain or body, many physicians recommend following the Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes healthy fats, flavoring foods with sodium alternatives like lemon and herbs, and limiting red meat intake.
Foods and nutrients like blueberries, turmeric, and omega-3 fatty acids have also been shown to support neurogenesis, the process by which new brain cells are produced in the adult brain. Look for opportunities to work nutrients like these into your diet.
Physical activity won't just benefit your body—it has benefits for your brain, too. Regular cardiovascular exercise results in an elevated heart rate and increased blood flow to the brain and body, which can reduce dementia risk factors like high blood pressure and cholesterol, and has also been shown to help with neurogenesis.
Now, you'll have a new excuse to make dinner plans: it's good for your health.
"Social engagement—whether it's joining a club, volunteering, or just meeting up with a group of friends—may reduce the risk for depression and delay the risk of dementia in older adults," says Dr. Liporace.
Keep your brain healthy by looking for social engagement opportunities in your community or connecting with family and friends.
While spending time with others it's important, you can strengthen your cognitive skills alone, too. Mental health exercises like crossword puzzles and Sudoku, learning new skills, or taking a class can stimulate your brain and help maintain brain function.
If you're a smoker, now is the time to quit. Research published earlier this year found that smoking can damage the brain's cortex, the area of the brain where memory, language, and perception occur. As a result, a thinner cortex is associated with mental decline.
Not getting enough sleep at night means more than just an extra coffee the next day. Those hours you spend recharging each night are important for creating memories, making sense of your day, and allowing your brain time to rid itself of toxins. Without those precious eight hours, you could be putting your brain at risk for problems like poor memory and cognitive function.
Are you wearing seatbelts? Helmets? Knowing the depths of water before you jump in? Taking precautions to prevent spinal cord and head injuries are key to keeping your brain safe. If you are affected by a head injury or a concussion, be sure you're medically cleared before you return to activity.
Although taking steps like these can help keep improve your cognitive health, age and other factors may still affect your dementia risk. If you begin to notice signs of dementia, like feeling disoriented, difficulty communicating, or memory loss, make an appointment with your physician.


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Picture Past
Getting On Track
Picture Past aileen jacobson | November 21, 2014
Photo courtesy of the collection of David Morrison
The Long Island Rail Road is used as a daily necessity for many Long Islanders who commute to the city for work, but its place in our region's history is significant as well. Trains helped transform open land into fertile farms, then turned farmland into suburbia. They colonized the middle ground between north and south shores and, along the way, spawned such colorful characters as Mile-a-Minute Murphy, Dashing Dan and Dashing Dottie.
Sure, Robert Moses and the highway system he built in the early 20th century shaped Long Island, too, "but the railroad goes back many years before that," said Michael Charles, the Long Island Rail Road's official historian. The railroad, he said, "led to the development of areas that were fishing villages and farms into suburban and nearly urban areas."
But that was not the intention, at least not at first. In fact, the original Long Island Rail Road Company was not even conceived to serve Long Island. It was built to provide the period's fastest route between New York and Boston. Rail links from South Carolina to Brooklyn already existed. However, the technology for building tracks over the rivers of Connecticut wasn't advanced enough yet. The idea was that people (and, more importantly, documents, money, packages and other goods) would travel by rail from Atlantic Avenue to Greenport, board a ship to Stonington, CT, then take another train to Boston. The LIRR's Main Line, as it is still called, traveled mostly through the fl at, empty middle part of the Island.
"It was basically a three-seat ride," said Don Fisher,president of the Railroad Museum of Long Island, which has locations in Greenport and Riverhead. The journey took 11 hours, but that was fast compared to riding a horse or stagecoach. "For those people, it was like rocket travel," Fisher said.
Though the LIRR was chartered in 1834, there were delays in completing the tracks (no surprise) and it didn't start operating until 1844. Only four years later, improved technology allowed tracks to be laid on bridges over rivers in New England and the Boston link was forever lost. "That was the end of a profitable Long Island Rail Road," said Fisher.
Among the famous names connected with the LIRR in those days was Cornelius Vanderbilt, an early trustee who also provided the steamboats to Stonington, and Valentine Hicks, a founder of Hicksville, who was one of the original investors and the LIRR's second president.
Hicksville was a major stop on the Main Line. In fact, it was the eastern terminal from 1837 until the track work beyond it resumed in 1841, said David D. Morrison, a retired LIRR branch manager who has written several books about the railroad's history.
In the 1800s and the first half of the 1900s, the train transported more cargo than people. "It helped Long Island to thrive agriculturally, taking potatoes, cauliflower and other goods off the Island," Morrison said. (And it brought ash and horse manure back to fertilize those crops, Charles noted: "It was very green in that sense… ecologically correct.") During World Wars I and II, Morrison said, the LIRR "transported a lot of soldiers and planes and plane parts," made by companies like Grumman and Fairfield.
There were a few small regional train companies operating even before the 1834 charter and from 1850 to around 1880, there was competition. Among the companies operating then was the Central Railroad of Long Island, founded by Alexander T. Stewart to bolster his creation of the village of Garden City. The rails eventually extended to Babylon before the company was absorbed by the LIRR in 1876.
The South Side Railroad of Long Island was another competitor and stretched from Hunterspoint Avenue in Queens to Patchogue. Its routes became part of the LIRR in 1879. In 1897, the LIRR made one of its best moves. It hired Hal B. Fullerton, a 40-year-old business executive, to lure more visitors and settlers to Long Island, which would produce more train users. During the next 30 years Fullerton published dozens of books and pamphlets extolling Long Island as a great place to visit or settle, took thousands of photographs showing off its beauty, rigged colorful promotional events and started two experimental farms to demonstrate how fertile "the blessed isle" could be. "He was a marketing genius," said Charles.
The most famous stunt he engineered was arranging to have Charles M. Murphy, a national cycling champion, follow a specially outfitted steam engine and coach at the then unheard-of speed of 60mph. The coach shielded Murphy from wind, and planks laid between the tracks allowed him to pedal smoothly. On June 30, 1899, he covered a mile near Farmingdale in 57.8 seconds, according to Charles L. Sachs in his book on Fullerton, The Blessed Isle. Press from around the world covered the ride of "Mile-a- Minute Murphy," which rewarded the LIRR with "wild public relations value."
Fullerton took about 10,000 photos in all and about 2,500 of his glass-plate negatives now belong to the Suffolk County Historical Society in Riverhead, according to the society's reference librarian Wendy Polhemus-Annibell. During his tenure as chief Long Island promoter, Fullerton also teamed up with President Theodore Roosevelt, who helped him publicize his farm program. Train cars full of reporters from New York followed Roosevelt on his visit in 1910 to the farm in Medford, followed by a car ride to another farm in Wading River.
Theodore Roosevelt was a frequent train traveler
"Theodore Roosevelt loved traveling by train," said John Specce, president of the Oyster Bay Railroad Museum, which has a storefront in the village. Specce and his group are currently restoring the defunct train station (built in 1889) that Roosevelt used when he traveled from his home, Sagamore Hill, to Washington, D.C. The railroad museum is also restoring an old steam locomotive, a boxcar, two cabooses and other equipment including a turntable that rotated trains so they could head back west.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the LIRR became part of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Aided by tunnels under the Hudson River, the LIRR grew—and then the Pennsylvania Railroad cut it loose in 1949, leaving it to flounder financially. In 1955, the last steam locomotive ran on Long Island, replaced by electric and diesel trains. By 1965, New York State came through with a plan to save the railroad from its financial difficulties and eventually it became part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
Meanwhile, returning World War II soldiers and their families had started moving out to Long Island and, in the 1950s, images of Dashing Dan and Dashing Dottie (added in 1963), began appearing on cars and on timetables. The age of the commuter was upon us. And hasn't left.
Tracking Train History
Oyster Bay Railroad Museum
102 Audrey Avenue, Oyster Bay
Storefront museum open weekends in December with child-friendly holiday-themed exhibits and a party with Santa. Museum, historic train station and outdoor area with historic railroad cars (climb-ins allowed) to reopen weekends in the spring. Information: (516) 558-7036, OBRM.org.
Railroad Museum of Long Island
440 4th Street Greenport and 416 Griffing Avenue, Riverhead
Open Dec 6 and 7 in Greenport, Dec 13 and 14 in Riverhead for holiday celebrations and Santa visits. Reopens weekends in the spring, with guided tours and miniature train ride. Information: (631) 477-0439, (631) 727-7920, rmli.us.
Suffolk County Historical Society Museum
300 West Main Street, Riverhead
Old schedules, brochures and books may be requested in the library; Hal B. Fullerton photos may be viewed on a computer. Research library is open 12:30-4:30pm, Wednesday-Saturday. Information: (631) 727-2881, suffolkcountyhistoricalsociety.org
Wantagh Preservation Society Museum
1700 Wantagh Avenue, Wantagh
Historic station, photos, parlor car. Open house with Santa and songs 2-4pm, Dec 7, otherwise open for groups by appointment and from mid-April through mid-November on Sundays 2-4pm. Information: (516) 826-8767, www.wantagh.li/museum.
Irmish Park
South 3rd Street and South Broadway, Lindenhurst
Restored 1901 depot and freight house with artifacts, and a caboose, open June-September. Information: (631) 957-7500, villageoflindenhurst.com.
aileen jacobson
Aileen Jacobson writes about the arts for the New York Times and other publications. A former arts and media writer for Newsday, she is also the author of two books.
'Three Identical Strangers' Explores ...
Garance Werthmuller
Beauty in simplicity
Steady Beats
Nada's Notes
The Best Week


In this piece Mandela has drawn the courtyard that his cell looked onto. It was a grim wasteland where he was eventually able to cultivate vegetables which he, cut off from his family, took special pleasure in nourishing.
The courtyard in Robben Island was an unfriendly, empty and barren place. It was a sombre reminder of where I was. From the beginning of my imprisonment I asked to start a garden in the courtyard, to change this sad looking place. After years of refusing my request, we were finally given permission to plant a small garden on a narrow patch of earth against a wall. Being able to plant and nourish life in this prison courtyard offered me a sense of freedom and satisfaction that is hard to put into words even today. A garden is one of the few things in prison that one could control.
A powerful memory that I have is of a beautiful tomato plant that I coaxed from tiny seed to tender seedling to a strong plant that gave plump bright red juicy tomatoes. Despite my efforts the plant began to wither and die and nothing I did would heal it. When it died I took it carefully from the soil, washed its roots and buried it in a corner of the garden. I felt sad. It once again reminded me of where I was, and the hopeless mess I felt at being unable to nourish other relationships in my life. My wife, my children, my family and my friends. It made me realise the beauty, simplicity and sacred value of family, of loved ones or friends. I swore to myself that I would never take another human being, their friendship or their love for granted ever again.


text:
Aglaodiaptomus kingsburyae é uma espécie de crustáceo da família Diaptomidae.

É endémica dos Estados Unidos da América.

Referências

Aglaodiaptomus
Crustáceos descritos em 1975


Bayka Logistics is having the capacity to store the products of its customers in the various existing export warehouse in the Marmara region. In addition to our storage service, we offer packaging services also. As is known, marine products to be shipped to overseas packaging special packaging is required. Shipping literature, this is called the shape of packing seaworthy packing.
Want your address our packaging services our experts in their field, we can provide also a lot of ports you want.
Our customer service representatives prior to your moving subject can about our shipping and packaging services, you can get detail information about our service.


Over the years our building has experienced many changes in terms of layout and design.
Here are just a selection of photos from over the years.
Do you have any photos from what the church used to look like?
Do you have any testimonies or memories from the church over the years?


This circuit board has a total of 16 easy to wire inputs (4 directions and 12 buttons) and connects to an USB port, implementing a standard USB HID joystick.
16 inputs: 4 Directional, 12 Buttons.
HID USB interface. Works as-is without installing special drivers on most platforms. (Linux, WinXP, Win7 32 and 64 bit).
Through-hole solder points for easy wire installation.
Widely spaced solder points helps prevent accidental bridging while soldering.
Dedicated GND signal for each button for easier wiring. No need to connect all common wires together.
Double layer PCB, 101.6mm X 54.86mm (4" x 2.160"). 4.5mm (0.177") diameter mounting holes.
Arcade style controller box, or integration in a PC-based arcade cabinet.
With supporting software on the PC side, button inputs can serve other purposes than game control. The inputs can be connected to switches, limit-switch, alarm sensors. In any case, using a dedicated board such as this one is cleaner than modifying an off the shelf USB game controller.
Only the assembled and programmed PCB is provided. Buttons, cables and wires are not provided.


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Market Watch: A stumble at the first hurdle?
InvestSMART Chief Market Strategist Evan Lucas runs us through potential hurdles for 2019, with the first one being this week.
By Evan Lucas ·
We will encounter several major geo-political and economic hurdles in 2019. There's the Australian Federal election in May, the European Parliamentary elections also in May, and the tightening of monetary policy in the US, Europe and Canada. We also face global growth deteriorating, possible increases in financial regulation worldwide, and, the US-China trade war to continue rolling on.
The first hurdle for 2019 is the final stage of Brexit. However, the final stage is already showing signs of faltering.
On the floor of the UK Parliament on January 15, the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement is scheduled to be voted on. This is the same Withdrawal Agreement handed down by Brussels and agreed upon by Prime Minister Theresa May in late November, that was never voted on in December after it became apparent it would overwhelmingly be rejected by the House. The expectation is that it will fail come Wednesday – markets are pricing this as the base case.
Further to the risk of a failed Agreement vote, last week Prime Minister May suffered two humiliating defeats on the floor of Parliament with up to 19 Tory MPs crossing the floor to vote against several actions that would have allowed the PM to almost force her deal on MPs. The result of these two actions was for the UK pound to fall to its lowest level since November 2018 and for the FTSE to be one of the only developed markets to falter last week.
The second vote was most telling for another reason. If Wednesday morning's vote fails, the PM has three days to amend the Agreement before it must be voted on again. If this fails, Parliament can effectively take control of the Brexit Agreement agenda, basically making May a lame duck. Parliament would manufacture a new Agreement proposal, which, I might add, has not been agreed upon by Brussels.
Interestingly enough, if this scenario was to pan out there appears to be more support across Parliament at large for 'no Brexit' than for 'no deal'. This would be a market positive considering the economic upside for both the UK and the EU on the UK remaining part of the single market.
From an Australian-centric viewpoint, Brexit could actually set the agenda for trade. Considering we capped off 2018 with pessimism, a stumble at the first hurdle (a Brexit crash-out) would all but confirm global growth will slow further and risk-off trading will take greater hold.
More articles from Evan Lucas


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Pedro Tintorer y Segura (en catalan, Pere Tintorer i Sagarra, né à Palma de Majorque le  et décédé à Barcelone en ) est un pianiste, compositeur et professeur espagnol.

Biographie
Fils de parents catalans qui avaient émigré de Barcelone à cause de l'invasion française, il retourne en 1822 à Barcelone où va étudier le solfège, le piano et la composition avec le maître Ramon Vilanova en tant que membre du chœur de la Cathédrale de Barcelone.
En 1823 il entre au conservatoire de Barcelone. En 1830, il va à Madrid où il entre au Real Conservatorio Superior de Música pour travailler le piano avec Pedro Albéniz et la composition avec Ramón Carnicer. En 1834, devenu élève du Conservatoire de Paris, il se perfectionne sous la direction de Pierre Zimmermann durant deux ans.

En 1836, il s'établit à Lyon où il est professeur de musique au collège municipal durant 14 ans. Il semble qu'il ait également été l'élève de Liszt.

En 1849 Tintorer retourne ensuite à Barcelone où il fonde la première école de piano de la ville. En 1883, il devient directeur principal pour les cours de piano au Conservatoire du Liceu, poste qui couronne sa vie consacrée à l'enseignement et qu'il abandonne quelques mois avant sa mort. Parmi ses élèves, on trouve Claudi Martínez-Imbert, Maria Luisa Guerra, Ernest Marraco, Joan Baptista Pujol, Baudili Sabater et Agustí Salvans.

En 1853, l'impératrice Eugénie lui accorde la médaille d'argent pour la composition de la messe pour célébrer le jour de l'Assomption. Il a également reçu la croix d'Isabelle la Catholique des mains de la reine Isabelle II pour la composition de son Stabat Mater qui lui est dédié. Il a été nommé chevalier de la Légion d'honneur.

Œuvres

 Compositions
 2 Messes à 4 voix, chœur et orchestre
 Stabat Mater, à 4 voix, chœur et orchestre
 2 Symphonies
 Quatuor avec piano (composé vers 1860 ? ; éd. Richault, Paris ; éd. Costallat, Paris)
 2 Quatuors avec piano (composés vers 1860 ? ; éd. Richault, Paris ; éd. Costallat, Paris)
 Quatuor à cordes (? éd. Gérard, Paris)
 Trio avec piano (composé vers 1850 ? ; éd. Gérard, Paris)
 Grand Duo en mi majeur, op. 53, pour violon & piano (composé vers 1865 ? ; éd. Hamelle, Paris)
 Duo pour violon & piano
 Duo pour violoncelle & piano
 Divers morceaux de genre pour piano

 Œuvres didactiques
 25 Études, op. 100
 Grandes études, op. 101
 25 Études de mécanisme et de style, op. 102 (éd. Vidal y Roger)
 20 Études de vélocité, op. 103
 Méthode théorique et pratique du piano, op. 104.

Notes

Liens externes

Compositeur espagnol de la période romantique
Pianiste classique espagnol
Naissance en février 1814
Naissance à Palma
Décès en mars 1891
Décès à Barcelone
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
Ordre d'Isabelle la Catholique
Décès à 77 ans
Personnalité liée à la musique classique décorée de la Légion d'honneur
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière du Poblenou


text:
MAKING NO-SHOWS SHOW YOU THE MONEY: TIPS FOR ADDRESSING THE MISSED APPOINTMENT PROBLEM
Posted In Health Care Law
Medical school teaches physicians how to treat patients when they show up, but does not address how to treat patients when they do not. No-shows are money losers and a frequent problem for physician offices. Not only do missed appointments disrupt patient flow, but no-shows also equate to lost revenue. Further, when a patient misses an appointment, the overhead related to that no-show remains on the books because the costs of office space, equipment, staff and supplies accumulate regardless of whether or not a patient is seen and treated. Fortunately, there are ways to limit the loss caused by missed appointments.
According to studies conducted by the Medical Group Management Association, a membership association for improved medical practice management, the average no-show rate for physician offices ranges from 5% to 8%, and even greater depending on office size and share of new patients. Patients who miss appointments can be more than a nuisance; they can be a risk management problem. By developing a reasonable missed appointment policy that is consistent, clear, and fair, patients will be aware of the consequences of not showing up. The policy can be implemented as a part of the practice policies, which new patients are given to review and acknowledge by signature. Signage in the waiting room can also serve as a reminder to patients of the importance of appointment keeping. Important points to address in the policy include: how patients will be notified of their upcoming appointment, how to cancel an appointment, if the office charges patients for missed appointments, and how many missed appointments constitute grounds for dismissal.
The American Medical Association's Code of Ethics allows physicians to charge patients for missed appointments and/or appointments cancelled less than 24 hours in advance, so long as patients are properly advised and the policy is applied to all patient groups. Ethics Opinion 8.01 states: "A physician may charge a patient for a missed appointment or for one cancelled 24 hours in advance if the patient is fully advised that the physician will make such a charge." Reasonable charges often range from $10 to $25, which indicates charges are usually used as a deterrent rather than an attempt to generate revenue. Of course, this charge must comply with state and federal law.
Historically, physicians have been able to charge Medicare beneficiaries for missed appointments so long as the physician office's missed appointment policy applies to all patients and the charges for Medicare and non-Medicare patients are the same. This policy was clarified in Transmittal 1279, which added section 30.3.13, "Charges for Missed Appointments," to the Medicare Claims Processing Manual. In the Transmittal, CMS emphasizes that the charge is for a missed business opportunity, not a charge for a service itself (to which the assignment and limiting charge provisions apply). Because Medicare does not make any payments for missed appointment charges imposed by physicians, claims for missed appointments sent to Medicare will be denied with the reason code 204—This service/equipment/drug is not covered under the patient's current benefit plan. Accordingly, the physician must bill the Medicare beneficiary directly.
Unfortunately for physicians, this clarification from CMS seems to raise more questions than it answers. In order to charge all patients equally, the physician must first determine that he can charge all patients. Many third party payors do not permit missed appointment charges. These prohibitions can be found in the provider's contract, listed separately in a manual, addressed in billing policies, or any number of other places. To be certain, it is advisable that physician offices contact each third-party payor for verification that this practice is allowed. Further, CMS has clarified that Medicaid providers are not permitted to bill recipients for missed appointments. Federal regulations prohibit the imposition of cost-sharing on traditional Medicaid populations and suggest that billing a Medicaid recipient directly would violate the physician's provider agreement. This clarification has been reiterated by Kentucky's Department for Medicaid Services.
Of course, physicians should be sensitive in determining whether or not missed appointment charges are appropriate for their patients. Missed appointment charges can make patients feel alienated and in some instances, the cost of collection exceeds the charge itself. If no shows are a problem, consider patterns in practice administration that may contribute to no shows. For example, the more time the patient spends in the waiting room, the more likely the patient will seek care from another physician and not bother to cancel his appointment. Additionally, research shows no-show rates are lowest when patients receive appointment reminders from office staff, rather than automated services. As the lead author of a study tracking no-shows published in the June 2010 American Journal of Medicine, Amay Parikh, M.D., concluded, "Connecting to a live person, they may feel more of a responsibility to show up."[1] Minor administrative adjustments to improve patient access may reduce no-shows without having to resort to missed appointment charges.
If it is determined, however, that imposing a missed appointment policy is appropriate for a particular physician office, then consider how the policy will work. Will there be warnings for the first missed appointment or will penalties be assessed immediately? How will patients be notified of a missed appointment? What is a reasonable amount to charge for a missed appointment? How will the charge be collected? Under what circumstances will the charge be waived, if at all? When is dismissal of a chronic offender appropriate? At first glance, the considerations seem limitless when developing a policy that will reduce both missed appointments and lost revenue while not driving patients away. On the other hand, the concept is far from novel. If airlines, masseuses, and hairdressers do it, then why can't doctors?
Lisa English Hinkle, Member of the Lexington office, also contributed to this article and can be reached at lhinkle@mcbrayerfirm.com or (859) 231-8780, ext. 1256.
[1] "The Effectiveness of Outpatient Appointment Reminder Systems in Reducing No-Show Rates," abstract, American Journal of Medicine, June (www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(10)00108-7).
Tags: Health Care Law


This is Beth Edmondson's entry to the Christmas Creativity Competition we ran in 2011.
This cute felt gingerbread man decoration just missed out on one of our top prizes. It's quick and easy to make and you can hand sew it in front of the telly in the evening. With supervision this quick and easy seasonal sewing project would be ideal for older children to make too. You will need some felt and ric-rac as well as hand sewing equipment.
The full step by step instructions with accompanying images can be found in the document below, the template is in a separate file below that. Have fun making it.
If you have enjoyed this project, please see our other Christmas sewing projects here.