Clicking the "Load from Task Library" button will take you to the repository browser for that task type. There you'll find a list of all the tasks you've created for previous courses as well as courses in which you've been a co-instructor.
From your task list, you have two options – you can access the task details, or you can load the task into your course.
Task details – you may wish to review the details of a given task before moving forward. To do that, just click on the name of that task and you'll be taken to the task detail view.
Loading Tasks: Once you've decided that you want to reuse a particular task, just click the "Load" button in the repository or the "Load This Task" button from the task detail view. This will open either the Create a Writing Task display or the Create a Review Task display (depending on the type of task you chose to load) with the details of the loaded task pre-entered.
Once you've editing the details, you can save your reused task as a draft or assign to students, just like you would with any new task. It will also be available as a new task in your repository that you'll be able to reuse for other courses.


So if you've followed me on insta this month, you've seen all of Violet's designer knock off threads. There are soooo many cute shops but they are hard to find.
So I figured, why not pass on this valuable information? I'll short list my 5 fav shops for Feb-March.
But let's have a little laugh first, shall we?
Pre-baby: What are your hobbies?
Two weeks into motherhood: What are your hobbies?
Mignonandmignon– A couple of weeks before V was born, I decided I needed a little token of hope to wear around my neck. Something to remind me of his promises when I started to fear the unknown. This little handmade shop delivered just that for $20. I chose a "V" and a "J" in rose gold. Their bar necklaces are calling my name too.
Hudson Baby Company– I haven't ordered here yet but I'm swooning over these milestone blankets and Boppy covers. Help me choose which of the two milestone blankets pictured below.
Canis– They have the cutest baby girl rompers in all the land but their baby boy threads are adorable too.
Meiliy– I remember lying in bed the night we found out about Violet, one of the last things that flashed through my mind before I finally drifted off to sleep was a vision of us in flower crowns. So of course I searched high and low for the perfect ones.


So this is the first of my Christmas Dinner sides and is pretty much a suped up byproduct of yesterdays Mushroom Pate. So start by following the steps in that recipe (apart from the garlic roasting) until the recipe tells you to keep the liquid for gravy (at this point you might as well make the pate too, cause why waste good food)!
Add in all the ingredients apart from the cornflour to the pan and cook on a medium high heat until it reduces down a bit and mixed well.
Take 1/4 cup of the liquid from the pan and mix it with the cornflour in a bowl until smooth.
Add back into the pan and stir well, while on the heat, until your gravy thickens and is glossy. You can repeat the cornflour step if youprefer it thicker, or add a bit of water if it's too thick.
And there you have it, a quick and easy way to use up leftover flavour from a previous recipe to add flavour to your Christmas dinner! Takes about 10 minutes!
Check back tomorrow for this weeks main. Make sure to follow my blog to be notified when I post the next recipe!
Let me know if you try this recipe by commenting down below and tagging me on Instagram! If you have any suggestions on ways you improved this recipe or your own little additions, please share! Also feel free to share/pin this recipe on Pinterest!


THE Sky Bet League One table-toppers left Home Park with their lead extended by a scoreline that was arguably more emphatic than their display.
Certainly, Argyle contributed to their own downfall, gifting Peterborough two chances to score before they had an attack of their own, which Posh duly took through Matt Godden and Siriki Demeble.
The Pilgrims responded well to the early setback and gave their visitors plenty to cope with for most of the remainder of the first half before a similar rocky start to the second period allowed Peterborough to double their lead: Jason Cummings first finishing off a breakaway and then profiting from some more self-inflicted damage when he converted a penalty given away by Graham Carey.
Substitute Ryan Edwards gave Argyle's fans a modicum of reward for sticking with them until the bitter end when he headed home Conor Grant's injury-time free-kick to become the Pilgrims' leading scorer this season.
Even then, they were not allowed the last word, with Godden subsequently adding a fifth to Peterborough's impressive scoreline.
Argyle manager Derek Adams had recalled Jamie Ness, after his one-match suspension, and Yann Songo'o to bolster the Pilgrims midfield, with Carey coming back into the centre and playing off in-form forward Freddie Ladapo.
Ness re-took the captain's armband from David Fox, who started on a substitutes' bench that also contained Joel Grant but – and here is a measure of the Pilgrims' strength in depth this season – had no berth for Ruben Lameiras.
For their part, Peterborough manager Steve Evans unsurprisingly stayed faithful to the same 11 players that had started all four of Posh's previous League One matches. Strength in blue, too, with Marcus Maddison, George Cooper and Ivan Toney among those among the Boro replacements.
If the Argyle pre-game strategy involved thoughts of containment, then the blueprints were in shreds by the 11th minute, largely because of individual errors of which no amount of planning can, or, indeed, should, take account.
Peterborough were handed the opportunity for their opener after eight minutes when goalkeeper Matt Macey miskicked his clearance of Scott Wootton's routine pass back. With the Pilgrims' defence on the front foot, Cummings had plenty of time to make ground and cross for Godden to volley home.
Cummings, on loan at Boro from Nottingham Forest, then profited from another misplaced pass, this time by Niall Canavan. Cummings teased in Dembele, whose shot across Macey from the left-hand side was nudged in by the goalpost.
From not conceding a goal in open play in the first seven hours and 15 minutes of this season, the Pilgrims' defence had shipped three in the subsequent 16 minutes.
Argyle needed a response and they nearly found it from Carey, whose downward header from Ashley Smith-Brown's cross was powerful and well directed, to the foot of the post, where United goalkeeper Aaron Chapman scrambled clear.
Carey then went solo, driving into Peterborough penalty area before unleashing a strong left-foot shot that was kept out by a combination of Chapman and the post, before the Pilgrims survived a shout for what would have been the fourth penalty awarded against them this season when Smith-Brown tussled with Joe Ward.
Another unforced defensive error handed Cummings a chance to add a goal to his two assists, with Canavan miscontrolling. The slip allowed United's Scottish international to bear down on Macey unfettered, but his shot across the goal drifted just wide.
However, Canavan's slip came in the middle of period of play in which Argyle played the sort of flowing, confident football which would not have been out of place had they been 2-0 up, and not 2-0 down.
Some good attacking play put the United defenders and goal under sustained pressure. Ladapo headed Grant's precise delivery goalwards but only into Chapman's arms, before Carey tricked his way to the right-hand bye-line and hung up a cross which met Canavan's head before being blocked on the way to goal – from the loose, Smith-Brown fed Ladapo, whose rising shot on the turn only just cleared the cross bar.
Such was the onslaught that Peterborough were reduced to engage in time-consuming tactics before the half was over, referee Chris Sarginson reminding their captain Alex Woodyard of their obligations.
Argyle emerged for the second half without Canavan and with Ryan Taylor and immediately went back on the attack.
They were denied plausible claims for a penalty when Taylor's shot struck a raised Peterborough arm, and the Pilgrims' sense of injustice was heightened when, from the breakdown, the opposition launched their first attack in some while and promptly scored when Cummings converted Godden's spot-on pass.
Cummings celebrated childishly, thumb to nose and wiggling his fingers to the Lyndhurst Road stand. However, Sarginson, who famously did not see an assault on a ballboy on a previous visit to Home Park, presumably did not see the ill-considered gesture. He certainly saw no reason for a yellow card.
Scott Wootton and Songo'o were still in the getting-to-know-you stage of their new centre-back partnership when Godden broke against them, but he shot wastefully wide.
The fourth goal was not long in coming, though. A fourth penalty conceded this season and the second given away by Carey, for a foul on Ward, was despatched by Cummings, who this time, celebrated properly in front of his own rightfully delirious supporters.
Adams' response was to immediately replace Songo'o and Wootton with Sawyer and Edwards, to form a third different centre-back pairing in less than an hour, indication, surely, of where he felt the core of the Pilgrims' problems lay.
Inevitably, the result now a foregone conclusion, the game meandered to its somewhat dramatic end, with both sides having at least one eye on future engagements.
For Argyle, after a midweek Carabao Cup tie at Millwall, that is a Dockyard Derby away to Portsmouth.
Argyle (4-4-1-1): 1 Matt Macey; 22 Tafari Moore, 25 Scott Wootton (5 Ryan Edwards 56), 14 Niall Canavan (9 Ryan Taylor half-time), 23 Ashley Smith-Brown; 7 Antoni Sarcevic, 4 Yann Songo'o (3 Gary Sawyer 56), 6 Jamie Ness (capt), 15 Conor Grant; 10 Graham Carey; 19 Freddie Ladapo. Substitutes (not used): 8 David Fox, 16 Joel Grant, 20 Gregg Wylde, 21 Kyle Letheren (gk).
Peterborough United (4-4-2): 1 Aaron Chapman; 2 Jason Naismith, 5 Ryan Tafazolli, 16 Rhys Bennett, 3 Colin Daniel; 10 Siriki Dembele (21 Marcus Maddison 85), 8 Mark O'Hara (11 Louis Reed 89), 4 Alex Woodyard (capt), 15 Joe Ward; 35 Jason Cummings (17 Ivan Toney 75) 9 Matt Godden. Substitutes (not used): 14 Callum Cooke, 19 George Cooper, 20 Josh Yorwerth, 40 Mark Tyler (gk).


Description: We provide a professional service to you 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Our main telephone number is redirected as required to guarantee a single point of contact. We pride ourselves in the personal service we provide, acting professionally at all times, and conducting ourselves with kindness and understanding. This web site is an extension to the specialist information that the funeral director will discuss with you. It allows you to sit in the privacy of your own home and reflect on the information you have been given, and to raise any further questions you may have about the complementary or additional services we can provide.


It be required to you: a key, a face head «on 10».
2. Remove a mudguard and forward подкрылок (Removal and installation of mudguards of wheels and Lockers »see«).
3. Remove a block headlight («block headlight Replacement» see).
4. Remove a lateral lantern of the index of turn («Replacement of a lateral lantern of the index of turn» see).
5. Open a forward door and turn out the screw of fastening of a wing to a forward rack.
7. … and forward fastening to a skeleton of a motor compartment.
8. Turn out four screws of the top fastening of a wing to a skeleton of a motor compartment and remove a wing.
9. Establish a forward wing and all removed details in an order, the return to removal.


8 I resolve to make better use of my employees' time.
Phil Palmieri resolves to be clear and concise on the council floor; in other words, to try something new.
Mediation offers great promise to help resolve conflict in health care organizations.
The Fast Track Dispute Resolution Program provides a great opportunity to taxpayers to resolve issues at the lowest possible level within the IRS.
Once the issues of the conflict are identified and understood, an identified decision maker must be able to evaluate information in light of resolution policies and to make the decision to resolve the conflict in a specific way that is acceptable to the agency and the client.
He said, third force always took advantage whenever issues were tried to resolve through agitating politics.
The campus police at Worcester State University resolve to bring their lunch to work.
Can we suffer any more fools in 2012?
REsolve will continue to market and support its flag-.
2002-44) is a nonbinding program that uses a mediator, either an IRS Appeals Officer who has not been involved in the case or a team consisting of an independent Appeals Officer and a non-IRS mediator, to facilitate communications between the Appeals Officer and the taxpayer to resolve a case.
Under Fast Track Mediation, an Appeals Officer or Appeals Team Case Leader will serve as mediator to help the parties resolve factual issues.
I resolve to get Laidlaw to donate more buses to the Northeast Valley so people actually have a way to get to work.


Home – Arab Building Materials Co.
Welcome To Arab Building Materials Co.
Arab Building Materials Co. is one of the leading companies which deal in trading the building materials, specially the Deformed Steel Bars, White Wood, Commercial Plywood, Marine Plywood & Joinery Timbers.
Arab Building materials co. UAE branches are members of the Arab Building Materials Group which is spread in Jordan and GCC.
Arab Building Materials co. enjoys an excellent reputation for quality, flexibility, and reliability in its unceasing drive to ensure complete customer satisfaction in all areas.
Arab Building Materials Co. aims to provide its customers with high quality materials, at the right time, at the most competitive prices in order to satisfy its customers' needs in all areas.
Arab Building Materials Co. is committed to continually improve its products, processes, and services.
Arab Building Materials Groups' managements' systems are driven by the philosophy of trading in high quality products to meet the international standards, principled behavior, and treating our customers as business associates.
Arab Building Materials Group started in 1965 as a joint venture of the biggest building materials traders in Jordan. Its operation started as Jordan Construction Materials Co. [The Head Office] of which is located in Amman, Jordan.
Arab Building Materials Co. has a wide range of products which are available all round the year in vast quantities to serve our customers on demand.
© 2009 Arab Building Materials Group. All rights reserved.


Lester Pearson was Prime Minister. We flew the red ensign as our national flag. Rock and roll music was in its infancy. Non-white faces were still a rare sight on the streets of our cities.
This was Canada, circa 1963. But beneath the surface of Canadian society, something unique was stirring: a movement to extend the Gospel's Good News well beyond church walls and into the very fabric of our life, including political life. And so, a baby was born, today known as Citizens for Public Justice.
It's gone through many permutations over the years. The article below sketches the early days, and following issues of The Catalyst will continue the saga as we celebrate our 40th anniversary.
MUCH OF the inspiration for CPJ's formation came from Alberta, where a small group of Christians had launched the Christian Action Foundation in 1962. It pushed for Christian action in politics, labour and education, energized by the vision of a radically different society based on Gospel values.
"Men must come to see that God's Word speaks to politics, labour, education, social behaviour and, in short, all human behaviour," said CAF leaders Jim Visser and John Olthuis in a 1966 report.
Ernest Manning, Alberta's premier at the time, was well known as a Christian, with a popular radio program. But the CAF was critical of his millenialist approach, conservative values and focus on individual salvation.
1962: The Christian Action Foundation begins publishing the Christian Vanguard in Alberta.
1963: The Committee for Justice in Liberty is incorporated as the CJL Foundation. It focuses on defending minority rights in education and labour. Gerald Vandezande begins working as CJL's first staffperson.
Education was a key concern for the Christian Action Foundation. The government of Alberta did not recognize the legitimacy of independent schools, including Christian schools. Meanwhile many Reformed people were making major sacrifices to keep their Christian schools open.
After writing letters and briefs, lobbying MLAs, visiting cabinet ministers and Ernest Manning, premier of the time, in 1966 the CAF won public funding for independent schools in Alberta.
But educational justice was only one of the organization's goals. Another major project involved publishing The Christian Vanguard, a monthly magazine about social and political issues from a Christian perspective. It spoke out on a wide range of issues: the danger of nuclear arms, the role and task of government, the commercialization of Sunday, communism, lotteries, alcoholism, abortion, the risks posed by television, and much more.
Slowly and steadily, the Ontario organization gathered support and was officially incorporated as the CJL Foundation in 1963, the date we celebrate as CPJ's birthday. Its initial focus was around labour issues, based on respect for pluralism in labour relations. CJL petitioned the provincial government asking for freedom of association and an end to compulsory unionism, based on religious beliefs. In 1962 it supported the right of a union member to send dues to a charity, instead of to a union deemed unacceptable. Ontario and Manitoba introduced legislation in the late 1960s allowing this.
CPJ has always depended on its supporters in terms of financial support and in these early days this was more true than ever. The fledgling organizations owed their very existence to committed Christians who backed them with their volunteer time and their donations. Longtime public affairs director Gerald Vandezande served as a paid staffperson for CJL, but only on a part-time basis, until 1972 when he began working full-time and was joined by John Olthuis in the Toronto office.
That set the stage for the "marriage" of both organizations in 1971, leading CJL into even more growth, and political impact, during the 1970s.


Intense ruby red colour with light garnet hues.
Aromas of vanilla, chocolate and coffee. A very lingering sweet flavour with hints of blackberries and plums.
Strikingly weighty structure expressed in well-rounded and balanced tannins.
Order within 11 hrs and 40 mins to receive it Friday, 03 May 2019 in United Kingdom.
Location Badia a Passignano Riserva is produced exclusively from the finest, most highly selected grapes grown on the estate of the same name situated in the Chianti Classico area. The abbey, which is located in an area that has been inhabited at least since the Etruscan period, is one of the finest fortified abbeys in the area. It has been renowned for its wine production for over 1,000 years.
Composition of the land The vineyards are situated at altitudes between 45 - 60 metres a.s.l. on rocky, slightly limestone soil.
Harvest The selected grapes, grown in the vineyards surrounding Badia di Passignano, were harvested about two weeks later than usual for Sangiovese.
Temperature fermentation After destemming and soft crushing, the grapes were placed in stainless steel vats where alcoholic fermentation took place. The phenolic and aromatic components were slower to be extracted than in the hot dry 2003, and in the cellar this meant longer maceration, slightly higher fermentation temperatures and more frequent racking and délestage.
Period fermentation After malolactic fermentation the wines were selected, blended and replaced in the same barriques for about 14 months.
Production technique After alcoholic fermentation, malolactic fermentation took place spontaneously by the end of the year when the wine was in new Hungarian oak barriques (300 and 225l ) and a small part in new French 225-litre barriques.
Matching First plates to the gravy, red and white meats, mannered and cheeses, wine from meditation.


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Posts Tagged 'RNA Biology'
Dysregulation of ncRNAs in association with Neurodegenerative Disorders
Posted in Alzheimer's Disease, Biomarkers & Medical Diagnostics, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Etiology, Molecular Genetics & Pharmaceutical, mRNA, mRNA Therapeutics, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurological Diseases, RNA Biology, RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic, tagged Alzheimers Disease, neurodegenerative disorders, Neurological Disorders, Non-coding RNA, Parkinsons disease, RNA Biology, RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic on January 11, 2021| Leave a Comment »
Curator: Amandeep Kaur
Research over the years has added evidences to the hypothesis of "RNA world" which explains the evolution of DNA and protein from a simple RNA molecule. Our understanding of RNA biology has dramatically changed over the last 50 years and rendered the scientists with the conclusion that apart from coding for protein synthesis, RNA also plays an important role in regulation of gene expression.
Figure: Overall Taxonomy of ncRNAs
The universe of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is transcending the margins of preconception and altered the traditional thought that the coding RNAs or messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are more prevalent in our cells. Research on the potential use of ncRNAs in therapeutic relevance increased greatly after the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) and provided important insights into our further understanding of etiology of complex disorders.
Figure: Atomic Structure of Non-coding RNA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding_RNA
Latest research on neurodegenerative disorders has shown the perturbed expression of ncRNAs which provides the functional association between neurodegeneration and ncRNAs dysfunction. Due to the diversity of functions and abundance of ncRNAs, they are classified into Housekeeping RNAs and Regulatory ncRNAs.
The best known classes of ncRNAs are the microRNAs (miRNAs) which are extensively studied and are of research focus. miRNAs are present in both intronic and exonic regions of matured RNA (mRNA) and are crucial for development of CNS. The reduction of Dicer-1, a miRNA biogenesis-related protein affects neural development and the elimination of Dicer in specifically dopaminergic neurons causes progressive degeneration of these neuronal cells in striatum of mice.
A new class of regulatory ncRNAs, tRNAs-derived fragments (tRFs) is superabundantly present in brain cells. tRFs are considered as risk factors in conditions of neural degeneration because of accumulation with aging. tRFs have heterogenous functions with regulation of gene expression at multiple layers including regulation of mRNA processing and translation, inducing the activity of silencing of target genes, controlling cell growth and differentiation processes.
The existence of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was comfirmed by the ENCODE project. Numerous studies reported that approximately 40% of lncRNAs are involved in gene expression, imprinting and pluripotency regulation in the CNS. lncRNA H19 is of paramount significance in neural viability and contribute in epilepsy condition by activating glial cells. Other lncRNAs are highly bountiful in neurons including Evf2 and MALAT1 which play important function in regulating neural differentiation and synapse formation and development of dendritic cells respectively.
Recently, a review article in Nature mentioned about the complex mechanisms of ncRNAs contributing to neurodegenerative conditions. The ncRNA-mediated mechanisms of regulation are as follows:
Epigenetic regulation: Various lncRNAs such as BDNF-AS, TUG1, MEG3, NEAT1 and TUNA are differentially expressed in brain tissue and act as epigenetic regulators.
RNAi: RNA interference includes post-transcriptional repression by small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and binding of miRNAs to target genes. In a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Fragile X syndrome, Frontotemporal dementia, and Spinocerebellar ataxia, have shown perturbed expression of miRNA.
Alternative splicing: Variation in splicing of transcripts of ncRNAs has shown adverse affects in neuropathology of degenerative diseases.
mRNA stability: The stability of mRNA may be affected by RNA-RNA duplex formation which leads to the degradation of sense mRNA or blocking the access to proteins involved in RNA turnover and modify the progression of neurodegenerative disorders.
Translational regulation: Numerous ncRNAs including BC200 directly control the translational process of transcripts of mRNAs and effect human brain of Alzheimer's disease.
Molecular decoys: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) dilute the expression of other RNAs by molecular trapping, also known as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) which hinder the normal functioning of RNAs. The ceRNAs proportion must be equivalent to the number of target miRNAs that can be sequestered by each ncRNAs in order to induce consequential de-repression of the target molecules.
Table: ncRNAs and related processes involved in neurodegenerative disorders
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn.2017.90
The unknown functions of numerous annotated ncRNAs may explain the underlying complexity in neurodegenerative disorders. The profiling of ncRNAs of patients suffering from neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions are required to outline the changes in ncRNAs and their role in specific regions of brain and cells. Analysis of Large-scale gene expression and functional studies of ncRNAs may contribute to our understanding of these diseases and their remarkable connections. Therefore, targeting ncRNAs may provide effective therapeutic perspective for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
References https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/rna-functions-352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6035743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7695195/ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13670-012-0023-4 https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn.2017.90
Other related articles were published in this Open Access Online Scientific Journal, including the following:
RNA in synthetic biology
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/03/26/rna-in-synthetic-biology/
mRNA Data Survival Analysis
Curators: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/06/18/mrna-data-survival-analysis/
Recent progress in neurodegenerative diseases and gliomas
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/05/28/recent-progress-in-neurodegenerative-diseases-and-gliomas/
Genomic Promise for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dementias, Autism Spectrum, Schizophrenia, and Serious Depression
Reporter and writer: Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/02/19/genomic-promise-for-neurodegenerative-diseases-dementias-autism-spectrum-schizophrenia-and-serious-depression/

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Must see in Bosnia and Herzegovina
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
[ November 23, 2017 ] Statehood Day in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 25 November	Bosnia and Herzegovina
[ November 15, 2017 ] Best places to spend Christmas in the Balkans in 2017	Holiday Travel
[ October 16, 2017 ] EXIT TEAM IS STARTING A WINTER FESTIVAL AT THE OLYMPIC JAHORINA MOUNTAIN!	Bosnia and Herzegovina
[ October 15, 2017 ] World's Longest Sarma Cooked in Croatia Entered The Guinness Book of Records	Gastronomy
[ October 15, 2017 ] Guiness World Record Book : World's Biggest Burek & Largest Ćevapi Ever Prepared in Tuzla	Gastronomy
HomeArt and HistoryThe Bruce Lee statue in Mostar
The Bruce Lee statue in Mostar
October 13, 2016 Tour Guide Mostar Art and History, People&Pets 0
bruce-lee-in-mostar
The Old Bridge is the most magnificent monument of time in Mostar and it has become the worldwide known symbol of Mostar but that is not all that this city has to offer.
While taking a stroll through the green Park Zrinjevac in Mostar, you might find a life-sized statue of Bruce Lee with nunchuks in hand.
As you all must know Bruce Lee was a Hong Kong and American actor, martial artist, philosopher, filmmaker and founder of the martial art Jeet Kune Do.
This unusual statue was erected on November 26, 2005, right around the time of the martial arts star's 65th birthday, and was the world's very first Bruce Lee statue. Standing 1.68 metres high, it's only slightly shorter than the real man who measured in at 1.72 metres.
The statue was by Croatian sculptor Ivan Fijolic and oddly funded by the German government, the statue was a symbol of solidarity to an ethnically divided Mostar.
The project of the statue was spearheaded by the youth group Mostar Urban Movement, who saw the statue as "an attempt to question symbols, old and new, by mixing up high grandeur with mass culture and kung fu."
Bruce Lee was chosen by organizers as a symbol of the fight against ethnic divisions. Lee, who was an American of Chinese descent and famous martial arts actor, represented to the residents of Mostar a bridging of cultures. "One thing we all have in common is Bruce Lee."
Just like the Mostar Street Art Festival also organized by young population, the statue was intended to bring a message of peace in a fun and lighthearted way.
It was originally placed in the Spanish Square but was vandalized shortly thereafter. Sadly, the statue had to be removed and was only returned in 2013, when it was placed in the city park.
The statue was the first public monument to Bruce Lee unveiled in the world, with a statue in Hong Kong being revealed one day later marking what would have been the Chinese star's 65th birthday.
The unveiling ceremony of the statue saw the attendance of local Bruce Lee fans, representatives of the German government, which had bankrolled the project, as well as Chinese officials.
Martial arts is popular among the youth population in Herzegovina, especially competitive Mixed Martial Arts where Croatian Mirko Filipović is an international star.
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December 16, 2016 Tour Guide Mostar 0
A photo is worth a thousand words, they say. For Dzenad Dzino the heart and mind are the true lens of the camera. Related
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UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, is a specialised agency of the United Nations system. The World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and […]
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When traveling around the world for most destinations summer is the perfect moment to travel and enjoy. Such is the case with lots of luxury tropical locations but for other locations of historical significance, you […]
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1) First find out when women in the United States achieved the right to vote in national elections.
Identify the obstacles to women's political participation as shown by these cartoons.
Cartoon about Indian proposal to reserve Parliament seats for women.
How many countries gave women the right to vote before the U.S.?
Why did the biggest surge in voting rights come during the late 1950s?
What nation granted female suffrage in the 19th century?
Name some countries where women won the vote directly after WWII.
If you were for women's right to vote, what arguments would you use?
If you were against women's suffrage, what arguments might you use?
4) What is your Opinion?
Worldwide, women tend to vote less than men.What do you think would happen if women began to vote in equal proportion to men? Do you think women's vote would significantly change national policies? Would women world wide vote differently than men? Why or why not?
What are some of the reasons why women do not get elected to office in equal numbers to men?
What is a more powerful tool for women, suffrage or winning political office? Will a simple increase in women's representation increase women's political power?
To be seen as politically powerful in the traditional sense, do women have to become "like men." Why or why not?
In our book, I Will Not Bow My Head, there is a lesson on the suffrage movement in England.
1) The World's Women 2000, The Trends and Statistics - U.N. Publications.
2) The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World: Revised and Updated - by Joni Seager, Penguin Books, New York, ©2003.
Heads of State: 20th Century: Links to female presidents, prime ministers, and queens.
Women and Politics: Links to sites such as GENDER AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, information on women's roles in politics.
Women World Leaders: 1945-2004: Listing with some biographic information of reigning queens, presidents, prime ministers, governors-general, and rulers currently in office.


Available in packs of 10 data loggers, the ultra low cost EL-CC-1-002 PK10 Frozen Goods data logger comes pre-configured with sample High -16°C, Low -20°C Alarms - simply press the button to start logging. During a logging session, pressing the button will light up the status LEDs to give a quick indication as to whether the temperature has exceeded an alarm condition at any point. Once your session has been completed, tear open the IP67-rated plastic wallet to reveal the USB connector and plug it in to your PC. Use the free EasyLog CC software for Windows to download and graph the data, and then prime your logger for its next use.


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Q: Drupal 6 input filter is missing I've just taken over a Drupal 6 installation and the img tags are being stripped out from FAQ display, although they remain visible in edit mode. I understand that this can be controlled via the Input Filter, however the Input filter is not showing in the Administer > Site configuration menu. How do I enable this menu item?

A: What you need to look for is Text formats. Something like this admin/config/content/formats.

A: What do you see at - <yoursite>/admin/settings/filters? Are the input formats listed there?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Volker Schlappner (* 18. Februar 1964) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Karriere
Volker Schlappner ist der Sohn des Fußballtrainers Klaus Schlappner. Er begann seine Karriere als Jugendlicher beim FV Biblis. 1979 wechselt er in die Jugend zu SV Darmstadt 98 und wurde mit der Hessenauswahl 1981 Deutscher Meister im Länderpokal. Ab 1982 spielte er die DFB-Nachwuchsrunde und war parallel im Profikader.
Das einzige Spiel in der 2. Bundesliga absolvierte er am 28. März 1983 im Spiel gegen den MSV Duisburg (6:2) unter Trainer Manfred Krafft.

Nach der Saison holte ihn Präsident Wilhelm Grüber zum SV Waldhof Mannheim.
Volker Schlappner stand von 1984 bis 1986 im Profikader des SV Waldhof und spielte in der DFB-Nachwuchsrunde.

1986 verabschiedete er sich vom Profifußball und schloss sich Olympia Lampertheim an.

Nach der Spielerkarriere
1989 übernahm Volker Schlappner den elterlichen Betrieb und wurde Geschäftsführer der Schlappner Elektro GmbH, die sein Vater 1970 gegründet hatte. Von 1995 bis 2000 war er mit eigener Firma und Büro in Peking als Consultant und Projektausstatter tätig. Seit 2007 ist er Mitglied des Lions-Club Lampertheim und 2012/2013 dessen Präsident. 2011 wurde Volker Schlappner in die Gemeindevertretung seines Wohnorts Biblis gewählt.

Dem Fußball ist er treu geblieben und ist als Spielervermittler tätig.

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (SV Darmstadt 98)
Fußballspieler (SV Waldhof Mannheim)
Deutscher
Geboren 1964
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: python-pptx change font size in a Table Hello Community Members,
I am using python-pptx module to generate a table with some data. The table comes out with data as expected , but due to the font, it just goes out of the slide in all directions.
I am trying to reduce the font size of the text in table to make it fit into the slide,
the python-pptx documentation does mention that it can be done, but gives emphasis only on shapes, and not much on Tables,
from the Documentation here,
https://python-pptx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/text.html#applying-character-formatting
Does it mean that a table cell is also considered a shape ?
If it does , how can I use the same example below into my code at Bottom. Any Help in this regards is appreciated.
SNIPPET from DOCUMENTATION
=========================
Applying text frame-level formatting
The following produces a shape with a single paragraph, a slightly wider bottom than top margin (these default to 0.05"), no left margin, text aligned top, and word wrapping turned off. In addition, the auto-size behavior is set to adjust the width and height of the shape to fit its text. Note that vertical alignment is set on the text frame. Horizontal alignment is set on each paragraph:
from pptx.util import Inches
from pptx.enum.text import MSO_ANCHOR, MSO_AUTO_SIZE

text_frame = shape.text_frame
text_frame.text = 'Spam, eggs, and spam'
text_frame.margin_bottom = Inches(0.08)
text_frame.margin_left = 0
text_frame.vertical_anchor = MSO_ANCHOR.TOP
text_frame.word_wrap = False
text_frame.auto_size = MSO_AUTO_SIZE.SHAPE_TO_FIT_TEXT

The possible values for TextFrame.auto_size and TextFrame.vertical_anchor are specified by the enumeration MSO_AUTO_SIZE and MSO_VERTICAL_ANCHOR respectively.
========================================================================
MY CODE :
import pandas as pd
from pptx import Presentation
from pptx.util import Inches
from PIL import Image

prs = Presentation()
title_only_slide_layout = prs.slide_layouts[5]
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(title_only_slide_layout)
shapes = slide.shapes

data =pd.read_csv('dest_file2.csv', sep=',',skiprows=[0],nrows=11)
shapes.title.text = 'Inbound Traffic'
rows = 6
cols = 7
left = top = Inches(2.0)
width = Inches(6.0)
height = Inches(0.8)

table = shapes.add_table(rows, cols, left, top, width, height).table

# set column widths
table.columns[0].width = Inches(2.0)
table.columns[1].width = Inches(1.0)

# write column headings
table.cell(0, 0).text = 'Server'
table.cell(0, 1).text = 'Client'
table.cell(0, 2).text = 'Port'
table.cell(0, 3).text = 'Avg Bits/s'
table.cell(0, 4).text = 'Avg Packets/s'
table.cell(0, 5).text = 'Total Bytes'
table.cell(0, 6).text = 'Total Packets'

print(data)

a = data['Server']
b = data['Client']
c = data['Port']
d = data['Avg Bits/s']
e = data['Avg Packets/s']
f = data['Total Bytes']
g = data['Total Packets']
i=1
j=0
size = len(a)-1
while j < size:
    # write body cells
    table.cell(i, 0).text = a[j]
    table.cell(i, 1).text = b[j]
    table.cell(i, 2).text = c[j]
    table.cell(i, 3).text = str(d[j])
    table.cell(i, 4).text = str(e[j])
    table.cell(i, 5).text = str(f[j])
    table.cell(i, 6).text = str(g[j])
    print(a[j],b[j],c[j],d[j],e[j],f[j],g[j])
    i=i+1
    j=j+1

prs.save('test.pptx')

A: You need to know that table cells contain text frames which contain paragraphs which contain runs. A run has a font object and you can specify the size for the font there.


E Customer Care is a growing company in the Provo Utah area, looking for positive and motivated individuals to join our team. We are looking for individuals to help field customer service calls. This is not a sales position. This is a great opportunity to work for a company with a great culture and atmosphere. We have both full and part-time positions available. We look forward to working with you.
If interested please send resume and contact info to blaine@edgepest.com and we will be happy to set up an interview.


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CBS21 anchor Robb Hanrahan announces retirement
CBS21 news anchor Robb Hanrahan announced his retirement on air Sunday night, ending his 38-year career.
Hanrahan cited a need to focus on his health and a desire to spend more time with his family as reasons for his decision.
Last summer, Hanrahan suffered a "massive heart attack" that left him dead briefly, an experience he recently shared with his viewers.
"I have been through an extraordinary and life changing experience. It has truly opened my eyes as to what is most important to me," Hanrahan said in a statement. "Although TV news has always been, and will always be, a part of who I am, I know this is the right time to step back. I will miss all my friends and co-workers at CBS 21 and I remind them that I am not going anywhere. I still live in the market, my wife, Stacey, is still doing the weather and CBS 21 will always be my station."
Hanrahan was the weeknight evening and late news anchor at CBS21 for more than 10 years, according to a statement from the station. He covered two presidential elections, the great flood of 2011, the closing of Three Mile Island and was the anchor for the political news program Face the State where he interviewed top state lawmakers.
As a staple of the community, Hanrahan also hosted numerous town halls on subjects like legalizing marijuana and raising the minimum wage.
During his career, Hanrahan won many broadcasting and journalism honors, including a National Edward R. Murrow Award, along with numerous Emmy Awards and Associated Press awards.
"It's been a real honor to work side by side with a true professional like Robb Hanrahan," CBS 21 News Director, Bryan Queen said in a statement. "Robb is the ultimate 'news guy,' and we wish him the best as he starts this new chapter in his life. He will always be a part of the CBS 21 family."
Hanrahan previously worked in Miami and New York, as well as working for WHTM (ABC27) from 1989 until 1992.
"Robb is a great anchor, reporter, and leader and will be truly missed in the CBS 21 newsroom," CBS 21 Vice President and General Manger, Bill Bradley said. "The positive impact that Robb has had both on our news coverage and our news team has been instrumental in our continued growth. Robb will be missed by the entire CBS 21 family."
Read more on PennLive:
CBS 21 anchor Robb Hanrahan 'unexpectedly' released from hospital after heart attack, surgeries
See Bruce Springsteen in Super Bowl commercial for Jeep touting 'ReUnited States of America'
Retirement planning | Seven mistakes that can ruin your retirement planning and goals
U.S. Supreme Court: Courts Can Review Railroad Retirement Board's Refusal to Reopen Claims


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Arizona's Controversial Refusal of Service to Gays Bill Gets Vetoed
After a week of heated debate, Arizona Governor Jan Brewer put an end to bill SB 1062, which would have allowed businesses to legally reject gay and lesbian customers on account of the company's religious beliefs. Gov. Brewer shared her headline-making decision with a tweet saying, "Moments ago, I vetoed #SB1062."
By Marlisse Cepeda
Passed by state legislature last week, the bill sparked nationwide attention and opinions from political leaders, big businesses and civil rights groups. Corporations ranging from the National Football League to American Airlines publicly denounced the bill and reached out to Governor Brewer, hoping for a veto. Early this week, the Arizona Super Bowl Host Committee expressed their disapproval saying, "[W]e have heard loud and clear from our various stakeholders that adoption of this legislation would…deal a significant blow to the state's economic growth potential. We do not support this legislation."
The governor ended the week-long frenzy by saying, "I sincerely believe that Senate Bill 1062 has the potential to create more problems than it purports to solve. It could divide Arizona in ways we cannot even imagine and no one would ever want."
Those who opposed the decision spoke up, as would be expected. Cathi Herrod, the president of the Center for Arizona Policy who helped create the bill, said, "The religious beliefs of all Arizonans must be respected and this bill did nothing more than affirm that." On the other hand, Alessandra Soler, executive director of American Civil Liberties Union of Arizona, was satisfied with the outcome. "We're grateful that the governor has stopped this disgraceful law from taking effect, and that Arizona will remain open for business to everyone."
Did you expect Gov. Brewer to veto the bill? Sound off in the comments below.
Marlisse Cepeda Web Editor Marlisse is the Web Editor of WomansDay.com, and she hails from Bronx, NY.
At-Home Haircolor Done Right
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Carolina Rain by Nancy Brewer
Life Lessons From The Humans Of New York


The beginning verses in this week's Torah portion are rather challenging to our current understanding of spirituality. They define an impossibly strict code of holiness for the priestly caste. In reading these verses we get a sense that, in order to perform his sacrificial duties, a priest had to be a perfected being; absolutely pure in mind, body and spirit. What may be most disturbing to our modern sensitivities is the physical requirement for priesthood: "No man who is blind, or lame, or has a limb too short or too long… or who is a hunchback, or a dwarf, or has a growth in his eye, or who has a boil-scar, or scurvy, or crushed testes… No man…who has a defect shall be qualified to offer the Eternal's offering by fire…the food of his God." [Lev. 21:18-20] What human being can meet such standard? Who among us can claim to be defect-free?
The next chapter, however, might help shed light to this passage. There we read: "And when a person offers, from the herd or the flock, a sacrifice… to the Eternal… it must be acceptable, be without blemish; there must be no defect in it. Anything blind or injured, or maimed, or with… a boil-scar, or scurvy—such you shall not offer to the Eternal… anything with its testes bruised or crushed…" [Lev. 22:21-24] As we read here, the Torah makes a perplexing analogy between the priest and the animal he was to sacrifice. How come? Perhaps because this need for holiness is not about the priest as a person, not about the priest's ego. In fact, one might suspect that, for the priest, this continuous drive for holiness, this strict way of life, was a stringent holistic spiritual practice to realize self-less-ness. For this, indeed, was about function; not about personhood. Both the animal and the priest's only reason for being was to serve a purpose; to be instruments of a greater end: the relationship between the awestruck "offerer" and his God. The ideal of purity—which, our rabbis are quick to explain, was never a reality—stems from the notion that the priest (with the sacrificed animal) served as conduit, as channel through which a connection took place between God and His people. For this to work in the mind of the "offerer" of the ancient world, he needed to maintain the belief, the illusion of an unattainable perfection embodied both by his animal and his priest.
But how do we, spiritual wrestlers of the 21st century—having long left behind the sacrificial cult—enter in relationship with the Divine? The Book of Psalm offers a window into new possibilities: "You do not want me to bring sacrifices; You do not desire burnt offerings; the sacrifice acceptable to God is a broken spirit; a humbled and broken heart." [Psalm 51:18-19] The paradox is compelling. Once the practice is no longer directed to the outside but awakening instead on the inside, the need for perfection dissolves and human fallibility is embraced. Suddenly we are asked to acknowledge and accept not only our natural human limitations, but our inherent defectiveness. What we are asked to sacrifice is the illusion of the impossible standards of perfection we hold ourselves, our loved ones and our world to. We are limited beings who do the best we can facing every moment, living every day. Though we would like to think we are in control of our life, we are not. Though we would like to mold our life, our world, and our loved ones in our image/vision, to create a world that would be an expression of our will, we can't. Perhaps the prerequisite to knowing God is to stop playing God; and live, instead, with a humbled and broken heart. The Kabbalists tell us that the heart itself doesn't need to be broken, rather it is the klippot— the husks of illusion—that encircle it that need to be "sacrificed," to be surrendered; for only at the center of the heart, God's dwelling place, can we find our own True Self.


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Tag Archives: Burt Kennedy
Savant Blu-ray Review: "The Killers" (1964)
March 11, 2014 Glenn Erickson 1 Comment
Here's a real achievement, a new Blu-ray that makes a feature film look far better than it ever has before, even on a big screen. Eleven years ago the Criterion Collection released an impressive double bill of both film adaptations of Ernest Hemingway's The Killers. The very brief short story was successfully expanded to feature length in 1946, with the use of Citizen Kane- like flashbacks to a highly romantic, fateful story of crime and betrayal. The Robert Siodmak movie made stars of Burt Lancaster and Ava Gardner. I've seen the 1964 remake several times, but Arrow Films' new disc is so much of an improvement that I feel I've seen it for the first time.
As a general rule classic films noir resist remake efforts: much of what works about them is endemic to the time they were made. Restage 1945′s Detour in the present, and Al Roberts' self-pitying pessimism wouldn't work for a minute. But noir veteran Don Siegel had been a central figure in the evolution of '50s noir, in pictures like Private Hell 36 (1954), Baby Face Nelson (1957) and The Lineup (1958). The romanticism of noir was breaking down in Siegel's films, as the level of cynicism and violence steadily climbed.
Gene L. Coon's progressive screenplay for Siegel's The Killers remake flips the original storyline like a pancake. The '46 version followed an insurance investigator obsessed with finding out why the target of paid killers didn't make an effort to save himself. Siegel's version has no reassuring cops tracking down the truth, and instead gives the investigating duties to a pair of chatty Pulp Fiction- like hit men, in search of a big payday that will allow them to retire. Siegel develops the hit man ethos more than any other director: Robert Keith and Eli Wallach in his The Lineup may be the real original protagonist hit men, with quirky personalities.
As opposed to classic noir, The Killers takes place almost completely in broad daylight. Brutal hit men Charlie Strom (Lee Marvin) and Lee (Clu Gulager) track down their contract target Johnny North (John Cassavetes) to a school for the blind, where he teaches an auto shop class. To their surprise, North passively accepts his fate. Charlie is intrigued by this fact. He and Lee crisscross the country to ferret out North's backstory, both to quench Charlie's curiosity and to profit from whatever crime their victim was a part of. As it turns out, North was a promising race car driver until a debilitating accident that may have been caused by the distraction of his flashy new girlfriend, Sheila Farr (Angie Dickinson). Starting with the testimony of mechanic Earl Sylvester (Claude Akins), Charlie and Lee learn about North's involvement in an armored car robbery, for Sheila and her new boyfriend, crook Jack Browning (Ronald Reagan). If the hit men can find Sheila and Jack, the loot can't be far away.
The Killers rewrites the rules for screen crime. Almost as if the production code no longer existed, "nice" characters are nowhere to be seen, and the cops are mostly absent as well. The obsessed Charlie and the wisecracking health nut Lee are our protagonists. They terrorize innocent people for information, just like Hemingway's original Al and Max but with an essential difference of of expedience. In the hepped-up, speed-obsessed sixties, Charlie and Lee have no time to mess around. Rudely cornering their prey, they immediately go for the hard sell, whether it means hanging a woman out of a high window, or driving a helpless blind lady into hysterics. They carry their pistols in a valise, as if they were businessmen paying a sales call.
Making the film seem even more modern, Charlie and Lee already display the "look" that dominates hit man characters to this day. They woudn't be caught dead without the heavy dark glasses that make them look ominous, almost faceless. Director Don Siegel nails a prime visual that's become an icon: when Charlie points his gun to take a shot, a wide-angle lens frames his oversized silencer in huge close-up. Charlie's on the trigger but the gun is given equal graphic emphasis.
Johnny North's role as an existential loser is basically the same as in the '46 version. John Cassavetes received a big career boost when he played a twisted juvenlie delinquent back in Don Siegel's excellent Crime in the Streets (1956) (which incidentally also seems to have influenced the gang action in the play and movie West Side Story). Here Cassavetes is the cocky driver of a Cobra race car. His stomping ground is the former Riverside International Raceway, which had already seen screen time in the violent car race action scenes in 1959′s On the Beach. One of the hottest actresses of her time, Angie Dickinson is the new brand of amoral thrill-seeker. She's attracted to Johnny when he's a winner and quickly abandons him when he's injured. There's no longer any romantic mystique with this femme fatale, as she immediately goes where the money is. Cassavetes' North is already defeated when he agrees to drive a vehicle in Jack Browning's robbery scheme. This part of the movie seems lifted intact from Richard Quine's 1954 noir Drive a Crooked Road. Just like Mickey Rooney in the earlier picture, North is hired because he can cover a mile or so of twisting country road in less than a minute. Sheila tempts North with a promise of a mutual getaway when the job's done… a sucker play if there ever was one.
It's quite a surprise to see Ronald Reagan playing a humorless crook in the picture, his final feature film before becoming Governor of California. Perhaps the man most hated by U.C.L.A. students in 1970-71, Reagan sent in an army of cops to teach a lesson to demonstrators against the invasion of Cambodia. The amazing thing about Reagan's performance in The Killers is that he has the same permanent scowl on his face that he showed in newsreels when he promised to deal out punishment to Berkeley and U.C.L.A.. A one-dimensional heavy with no redeeming qualities, Reagan is as rigid as a washboard. But his Jack Browning has a jaw-dropping moment of violence when he slaps Angie Dickinson across a room. It's a classic piece of film, just on content alone: Burt Bacharach's woman recoils backward, hair flying, and our cool liberal Cassavetes, Machine Gun McCain himself, decks Reagan with a retaliatory right cross. This utterly priceless scene got standing ovations at UCLA; why doesn't it show up in Oscar montages, I ask you?
Lee Marvin nails the buttoned-down shark patter that Charlie lays on his victims, defining the star persona he'd nurture for the next two decades. Clu Gulager affects a giggling hipster cruel streak. He primps like Ed 'Kookie' Byrnes of TV's 77 Sunset Strip a behavior that hasn't aged well. Gulager comes off as the weak sister to Marvin's cold menace, sort of a hit man's Sancho Panza. Angie Dickinson, the modern man's woman of choice from China Gate (1957) and Ocean's Eleven (1960), has an essential toughness that would later make her a perfect mobster's foil when she reunited with Marvin in 1967′s Point Blank. John Cassavetes contributes his reliable intensity. At this time he was concentrating on his directing career, and reportedly acting to gather production money.
Cassavetes even obtained a brief bit part for his Faces star Seymour Cassell. Familiar actor Norman Fell has a smallish supporting roll. Helping to get The Killers off to a shocking start is the wonderful actress Virginia Christine. In the 1946 original she played a charming cop's wife. Here she has a brief but strong role as a blind woman manhandled and threatened by Lee Marvin. For viewers old enough to remember, Christine's television fame as the "Folger's coffee lady" greatly enhances the scene's impact.
Don Siegel bounced around for most of the 1960s, trying to stay active in big-screen work but often collecting a paycheck for TV jobs. Initially produced as a TV movie, The Killers ended up being something of a stumbling block for the director. Not long after it was completed John F. Kennedy was assassinated, and the film's nihilistic violence — which includes a pair of sniper killings from atop a tall building — was deemed far too brutal for television. It was instead released directly to theaters in July of '64. When film critics of the 1970s discovered genre studies, the JFK connection helped The Killers become a standout title in articles and books seeking a conncection between the movies and the accelerating violence in modern life. Lee Marvin and his gun graced the cover of English fine art critic Lawrence Alloway's rambling essay-book Violent America: The Movies, 1946-1964. Anyone concerned about screen violence in 1964 was surely in for a rude shock when pictures like Bonnie & Clyde came along a couple of years later.
Don Siegel and Gene L. Coon's conclusion makes a strong statement about the culture in general. A main character gets what he wants yet ends up drained of blood on a neat green lawn in suburbia, defeated by the everyday, square consumer life he held in contempt. Several other pictures convey this notion of dissatisfaction with the value system, such as Burt Kennedy's The Money Trap. But Siegel's final shot gives us the iconic image to remember.
Arrow Academy's Region B Blu-ray of The Killers is a huge improvement over Criterion's 2003 DVD. At the time, the best Universal could provide was a grainy flat transfer of the film. The Killers always looked like a fairly ratty TV production until now. Arrow's grain-free image is as sharp as a tack and colors are bright and accurate; clearly Universal did a bang-up remastering job. The Blu-ray has both television and cinema aspect ratio versions of the movie, which in this case is a terrific choice. Although planned for TV, the picture was composed for theatrical widescreen use, as TV movies (and some series, re-edited) of the time were commonly distributed theatrically in Europe.
The wide screen version is the way to go, as the images look beautiful when framed to exclude extraneous ceilings and floors. Although it's surely an illusion, the image even looks a bit wider. The cropping also helps minimize the impact of some cost-cutting in the production, which was done on a TV budget. Rear projection driving scenes look less awkward, for one example. Some painted backdrops are also on the weak side, especially the incredibly fake view from Jack Browning's office window. It somehow seems appropriate, though, to see Ronald Reagan staring blankly at such a phony backdrop.
Arrow's extras include a couple of presentations by authors with books to sell. Marc Eliot's coverage of Reagan's involvement is welcome, as the man did have longevity as an actor. Dwayne Epstein's remarks on his subject, Lee Marvin, go awry from the start with the unsupported assertion that Marvin was the catalyst for screen violence in the '60s. The fine actor was more successful during these years in comic roles, for which he was rewarded with an acting Oscar.
The best piece on the disc is a 1984 interview with Don Siegel by a French TV crew. Siegel is marvelously candid about his work and the business. We're intrigued to hear a couple of remarks that his acolyte Sam Peckinpah would adopt as his own, namely the statement that film directors are whores that work where they're told (or kicked). We immediately like Mr. Siegel — he's not the kind of self-promoter that considers himself the star of his movies. Luckily, Siegel's other pupil Clint Eastwood was more generous, and 1971′s Dirty Harry returmed him to the top rank of directors for a few years.
The disc extras also contain a thorough still gallery. My check disc did not include Arrow's illustrated insert booklet, which is said to contain an essay by Mike Sutton, interview excerpts with Siegel and contemporary reviews. Final product discs also come with a choice of reversible package artwork.
Reviewed by Glenn Erickson
Arrow Academy (UK)
1964 / Color / 1:78 widescreen and 1:37 flat full frame / Street Date February 24, 2014 / £ 15.09
Starring Lee Marvin, Angie Dickinson, John Cassavetes, Clu Gulager,
Claude Akins, Norman Fell, Ronald Reagan
Cinematography Richard L. Rawlings
Art directors Frank Arrigo, George Chan
Editor Richard Belding
Original Music Johnny Williams, Henry Mancini, Don Raye
Written by Gene L. Coon from the short story by Ernest Hemingway
Produced and Directed by Donald Siegel
Packaging: Keep case
Reviewed: March 8, 2014
77 Sunset StripAngie DickinsonArrow FilmsAva GardnerBaby Face Nelson (film)Bonnie and Clyde (1967)Burt KennedyBurt LancasterClaude AkinsClint EastwoodClu GulagerCrime in the StreetsCriterion CollectionDetour (1945 film)Dirty HarryDon SiegelDrive a Crooked RoadDwayne EpsteinErnest Hemingwayfilm noirGene L. CoonJohn CassavetesLawrence AllowayLee MarvinMachine Gun McCainMarc EliotMickey RooneyMike SuttonNorman FellOn the Beach (1959)Point BlankPrivate Hell 36Pulp Fiction (film)Richard QuineRobert SiodmakRonald ReaganSam PeckinpahSeymour CassellThe Killers (1946 film)The LineupThe Trap (film)TV movieUCLAUniversal PicturesViolent America: The Movies 1946-1964Virginia ChristineWest Side Story
Budd Boetticher: A Maverick Voice from the Past
January 8, 2014 Dwayne Epstein 2 Comments
It never occurred to me when I began working on my book Lee Marvin: Point Blank back in 1994, that it would take almost 20 years to get published. That may have proven to be a good thing as I was lucky enough to encounter many of the greats who worked with Marvin but, are no longer with us. Case in point, maverick director Budd Boetticher who passed away in 2001.
Sadly overlooked for many years by Hollywood, toward the end of his life cinephiles rediscovered his gritty brilliance. Filmmakers as diverse as Clint Eastwood, Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino have paid homage to him (Michael Madsen's character in Kill Bill is named Budd). Boetticher's films, especially the Westerns, had a special sparse quality. Not as taut as Sam Fuller, nor as grandiose as John Ford, his style fit comfortably somewhere in between. His personal life would make a fascinating film itself as it included athletics, bullfighting, brushes with the law, and a self-imposed exile to Mexico. What is most amazing is that in spite of undeniable setbacks that would weaken a lesser man, Boetticher's indefatigable spirit and optimism remained intact to the end of his life.
I interviewed him by phonefor my book on October 30, 1994, and as will be seen, his anecdotes go beyond his work with Lee Marvin and are compelling in their own right. World Cinema Paradise thought so as well and agreed to run the interview here. It is intact, and, it is the first time it has ever seen the light of the day in its entirety.
Dwayne Epstein: Good morning, Mr. Boetticher.
Budd Boetticher: Hello, Dwayne. You're up bright and early.
DE: Actually, I thought I was calling a little late.
BB: Sounds like you forgot to set your clock back.
DE: (Pause) Geez, I forgot all about it! I guess I'm on time, then [both laugh]
BB: You wanted to talk about Lee Marvin, right?
DE: Absolutely. You made two films with Lee Marvin, right? Seminole (1953) and 7 Men from Now (1956)?
BB: Yes, I did. The films I made with Randy (Scott), four or five are back in theaters, and not just on video. In Europe, they've been re-released on the big screen where they belong.
DE: Do you recall which ones?
BB: Sure. Ride Lonesome (1959), Buchanan Rides Alone (1958), The Tall T (1957), and Comanche Station (1960). I haven't seen them in a while and the Director's Guild held a retrospective recently. I must say they're pretty damn good.
DE: That's terrific! Before we go any further, I just wanted to tell you that the gangster film you made is one of my favorites…
BB: Oh yeah, The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond (1960). with Ray Danton. That also had a young Warren Oates and Dyan Cannon making their debuts.
DE: Very cool. So, the first picture you used Lee in was Seminole, right?
BB: Right. He played Sgt. Magruder and he was very, very good. [Screenwriter] Burt Kennedy brought him in. He suggested Lee to play the second lead on my next picture with Randy [Scott]. Now Duke Wayne [as producer], and you can quote me on this, Duke was either a son-of-a-bitch or the best friend you ever had, depending on the mood he was in. Burt asked Duke, "Who should we use?" Duke said, "Let's use Randy. He's through."
DE: [laughs] Well, that was nice of him.
BB: Yes, well in every Randolph Scott movie there was always a breakout star because Randy didn't really care. But Duke…he was another story.
DE: How was Lee Marvin to work with on 7 Men from Now?
BB: He was wonderful. He was an ex-Marine. He was one of the few actors who really knew how to handle a gun. I wanted to try something I had never seen in a Western before. I've never seen in a Western, while a gunfighter was urinating or whatever, I've never seen him practicing his draw. So, what I did was every chance I could, I had Lee draw and practice. His death was so dramatic when Randy shot him because of that. He just stood there for a minute and stared at his gun in his hand in disbelief. The audience loved it. The reaction, when we previewed it at the Pantages, was something I had never seen before. They stopped the film and reran the scene.
DE: Wow, I've never heard of that being done before.
BB: Yeah, the sneak preview — if you can believe it — it was a double bill with Serenade (1956) starring Mario Lanza. Nobody in the audience was under forty. The marquee outside the theater only mentioned Serenade. I turned to John Wayne and said, "Jesus Kee-rist, Duke!" People started to walk out when they saw it was a Western starring Randy. Once it started, and people started watching it, though, they stayed and really enjoyed it. Yeah, but Lee was great.
DE: Did you ever want to work with him after that?
BB: Actually, I wrote Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970) with him in mind. What happened was I went and saw Lee in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) and thought to myself that he was drunk. Be careful how you write this part. Anyway…
DE: Well, I spoke with Woody Strode who told me Lee was drunk.
BB: How's Woody doing? I worked with him on City Beneath the Sea (1953).
DE: Well, he's doing fine, considering. He's a very sweet man and was forthcoming with a lot of information. He still lives in Glendora but he's alone a lot now.
BB: Well, would you do me a favor and give him my number? I'd love to talk to him again.
DE: I sure will. So you thought Lee was drunk in Liberty Valance?
BB: Well, that was the rumor. I asked around. I checked him out through others and they said he was. I thought he drank too much and couldn't work with him.
DE: What happened to the script?
BB: Universal eventually made it and they screwed it up. I tell you, you can't quote me, but Eastwood's character has to be an idiot not to smell liquor and cigars on her breath. In my version she was a courtesan not a prostitute [Shirley MacLaine's character is a prostitute disguised as a nun]. Anyway, I found out years later that Martin Scorsese was a big fan of my work and wanted some memorabilia. I found the original screenplay to Sister Sara. It was over twenty years old and falling apart. I had to Xerox it because it was falling apart. I sent the original and a copy to Scorsese and made a copy for myself. I read it again and thought it was just great. I'll tell you a funny story about that. A few years back they were showing it on late night TV and I got a call about 1 a.m. This gruff voice asked me, "I missed all the credits. Did you direct this piece of shit Sister Sarah I just watched?" I said, "No, I only wrote screenplay…" The voice said, "Good!" and slammed down the phone. It was John Ford. [Both laugh]. Okay, what else do you want to know about Lee Marvin?
DE: You said you didn't want to work with Marvin?
BB: Well, I heard he drank too much.
DE: [Stuntman] Tony Epper referred to him as a bottle actor. He thought he did his best work when he drank.
BB: I don't believe that. You can work hard without drinking and then relax after five, like everyone else. Duke had a [screenwriter] friend named James Edward Grant. He wanted to direct but he believed that if he couldn't drink, he couldn't direct. That's a lot of crap. No actor is better unless you catch him on the third drink. But he's usually on the fifth drink and by then he can't finish the picture.
DE: Did you ever consider him for anything else?
BB: No, not really. I've been working on this book about bullfighting called When, in Disgrace. You should read it sometime. I think it's available at Samuel French or Larry Edmunds Bookstore. It's all about bullfighting. See, I started in the business with a job most women would kill for. I had to show Tyrone Power how to move as a bullfighter for Blood and Sand (1941). When I started making westerns with Randy, I gave them what they wanted. If they wanted a movie to run an hour and 26 minutes, I brought it in at an hour and 27 minutes. It usually only took 18 days. The great things about those movies were the scripts. Burt Kennedy worked on most of them and we had Lucien Ballard as a cinematographer. Lucien did great work for us. They held a retrospective of my work in Dallas, recently, and they gave me some kind of pretentious award. I had not seen some of my films in years and was quite surprised they were so good. We didn't have any dirty words. There was no open mouth kissing. The films they make today…I went to Mexico and stopped making films. I went to Mexico for seven years and worked on the book about [bullfighter Carlos] Arruza. I finally got a screenplay out of it and we're going to filming it soon.
DE: Well, I'm glad it paid off for you.
BB: See, the great thing about my career is that I never won an Academy Award, or an Emmy, or any of that shit. The Los Angeles Film Critics Association gave me the Career Achievement Award in 1992. That meant something because you can't fool around with it. [Laughs] They can't agree on anything but they voted unanimously on the Career Achievement Award.
DE: That's quite an honor. Interesting how you weren't appreciated before but now…
BB: Yeah, if you stick around long enough. It's funny. I made 37 pictures and only ten were westerns, so they call me a western director. I made a couple of gangster pictures and they call me a gangster director.
DE: What made you stop directing?
BB: I don't believe a lady should say "fuck" to establish a character. I didn't want to be involved in that kind of filmmaking. But, I am working again. I just waited until the right project came along. I'm going to be directing A Horse for Mr. Barnum.
DE: What's it about?
BB: It's a true story about P.T. Barnum picking up several Andalusian horses and the cowboys he hires to bring them back.
DE: That sounds interesting. Is a cast lined up?
BB: Well, we got Robert Mitchum as Barnum and Jorge Rivero, who's the biggest star in Mexico, as one of the cowboys. James Coburn is in it, too. We'll be using Lippizans.
DE: I'll be looking forward to it.
BB: I'm delighted you're writing this book on Lee Marvin. He was a great actor. He gave more to a director than you could ask for.
DE: How did he get along with Randolph Scott?
BB: He got along with everybody.
DE: How did Scott get along with him? Did they establish a good rapport?
BB: Scott had very little report with anybody. He wasn't the guy wearing white all the time type of hero.
DE: With the square jaw.
BB: Right. He just kept to himself. When Burt and I were having dinner one night, after shooting that day, he said, "What's the kid in the red underwear?" I said, "James Coburn. He said, "He's pretty good. Write him some more lyrics." In six of the seven pictures I made with Randy, the second lead stole the show. If the second lead killed Randy, no one would care, not like in a John Wayne picture. The second lead often made it very big after working with Randy. We had Richard Boone, Pernell Roberts, James Coburn; a whole bunch of good actors.
DE: It sure sounds like it.
BB: I'll tell you a funny story about Richard Boone. He was starring on the TV show Medic and I wanted to use him in the picture I was doing with Randy called The Tall T. Now, if Harry Cohn was still there, I wouldn't have had a problem. But Sam Briskin was running Columbia, and he said to me, "You don't want Boone. He's got no sense of humor and he's got all kinds of pock marks…" I had to find out for myself. I called Boone and told him I wanted him for a film. I said Briskin didn't think he had a sense of humor. Boone said, "I guess he doesn't think heart operations are pretty fucking funny."
DE: [Laughing] Sounds like he had a sense humor, to me. You know, your career is a lot like Sam Fuller's in that you both got recognition later in your career.
BB: My agent, who's Jewish — that's probably why he's so good at it — he got me a three-picture deal. He told me, "You know, you're the Gentile Sam Fuller." I told him, "I'd rather be the Jewish John Ford."
7 Men from NowA Horse for Mr. BarnumalcoholalcoholismBlood and Sand (1941)Buchanan Rides AloneBudd BoetticherbullfightingBurt KennedyCity Beneath the SeaComanche Station (film)Directors Guild of America (DGA)Dyan CannonHarry CohnJames CoburnJames Edward GrantJohn FordJohn WayneJorge RiveroKill BillLee MarvinLos Angeles Film Critics AssociationLucien BallardMario LanzaMartin ScorseseMedic (TV series)P.T. BarnumPantages Theater (Hollywood)Randolph ScottRay DantonRichard BooneRide LonesomeRobert MitchumSamuel BriskinSamuel FullerSeminole (film)Serenade (1956 film)The Man Who Shot Liberty ValanceThe Rise and Fall of Legs DiamondThe Tall TTony EpperTwo Mules for Sister SaraTyrone PowerWarren OatesWhen in Disgrace (book)Woody Strode


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Foresight takes a more well-rounded approach to its multivitamin Re-Vitalise
Foresight Nutrition, the brand from the UK supplement distributor Insight Supps, has introduced its third more advanced product this week, with its other two being Re-Store and the pre-workout Re-Ignite. Re-Vitalise is the brand's newest supplement, which is a premium multivitamin featuring more than your average competitor in the essential category.
Foresight Nutrition's Re-Vitalise does come with a full blend of vitamins and minerals for general health and wellbeing, including zinc, biotin, several other B vitamins, and magnesium. As mentioned, there is a lot more to the product than a typical combination of vitamins and minerals, as the brand has included several other ingredients for additional benefits.
You can see the full formula behind Re-Vitalise in the facts panel above with the likes of theanine, coQ10, grape seed, taurine, rhodiola, and AstraGin to enhance absorption. Altogether, the Foresight Nutrition supplement hopes to support cognition, organ health, and hydration, on top of the health benefits from its blend of vitamins and minerals.
Foresight Nutrition's Re-Vitalise is actually a flavored product, unlike most multivitamins that come in capsules, with just the one taste to choose from to start in Pineapple Mango. You can grab the brand's multi-benefit health supplement beginning this week through its website at £34.99 (43.74 USD) for slightly fewer servings than the usual 30 at 25.
In this post: Foresight Nutrition, Multivitamin, Bergamot, Grape Seed, Rhodiola, Theanine, Vitamins and Minerals
Core shares the first look at its gummy bear multivitamin for kids
Naughty Boy gives fans the ideal health supplement for the Winter season
Five new supplements named and coming soon to Australia's Athletic Sport


A direct, nonstop flight between Car Nicobar Air Force Base (CBD), Car Nicobar, India and Samui International Airport (USM), Ko Samui, Surat Thani, Thailand would travel a Great Circle distance of 495 miles (or 796 kilometers).
A Great Circle is the shortest distance between 2 points on a sphere. Because most world maps are flat (but the Earth is round), the route of the shortest distance between 2 points on the Earth will often appear curved when viewed on a flat map, especially for long distances. If you were to simply draw a straight line on a flat map and measure a very long distance, it would likely be much further than if you were to lay a string between those two points on a globe. Because of the relatively short distance between Car Nicobar Air Force Base and Samui International Airport, the route shown on this map most likely still appears to be a straight line.
The furthest airport from Samui International Airport (USM) is Teniente FAP Jaime Montreuil Morales Airport (CHM), which is nearly antipodal to Samui International Airport (meaning Samui International Airport is almost on the exact opposite side of the Earth from Teniente FAP Jaime Montreuil Morales Airport), and is located 12,337 miles (19,854 kilometers) away in Chimbote, Ancash Region, Peru.
Samui International Airport (USM) currently has only 1 runway.
In addition to being known as "Samui International Airport", another name for USM is "ท่าอากาศยานสมุย".
Because of Samui International Airport's relatively low elevation of 64 feet, planes can take off or land at Samui International Airport at a lower air speed than at airports located at a higher elevation. This is because the air density is higher closer to sea level than it would otherwise be at higher elevations.
The closest airport to Samui International Airport (USM) is Surat Thani International Airport (URT), which is located 69 miles (112 kilometers) WSW of USM.


The US Open is one of the four tournaments within the Grand Slam. In fact, it is the fourth and last tournament in it, after the Australian Open, then the French Open, and then the Wimbledon.
The tournament is held in August, starting on the last Monday of that month, and continues for two weeks, also in September. The 2017 event kicks off on 28 August and ends on 10 September.
The organiser is the United States Tennis Association.
This is the only tournament within the Grand Slam in which tiebreakers are used in each match set. In the other Grand Slam events.
In the other Grand Slam events, the rules are as follows. When a match goes to the last set possible (the number differs: that is the third set for women, and the fifth set for men), and the result is a 6-6 tie, then the match is played further until one of the players wins by 2 games. But when a set before the last set finishes at 6-6, there are always tiebreakers.
The tournament is played at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. The Center is located in Queens, New York City. The total number of courts is 22, out of which there are four main ones, plus 13 field courts, and 5 courts for practice. The main courts, the so called show courts, are Arthur Ashe, Louis Armstrong, the Grandstand, and Court 17.
All the courts have illumination, so TV coverage of the tennis tournaments can be extended to go into the prime time. Furthermore, since 2005 all the courts have had blue colour inside the lines, which facilitates the tracing of the ball on TV, and that facilitates tracing it for fans who are spectators.
That is the main court, with a capacity of 23,771 seats, which bears the name of an American tennis player who won the final for men in the first US Open in 1968. It is famous as the largest stadium worldwide specifically used for tennis. The venue was fitted with a retractable roof in 2016.
That is the next largest venue at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and formerly it was the largest one. The venue bears the name of the famous musician Louis Armstrong who lived in the vicinity. Initially having 18,000 seats, it then had the number reduced to 10,200 seats, after the upper seats tiers were removed following the opening of Arthur Ashe Stadium.
There is construction under way of a new Louis Armstrong Stadium, which is due to open in time for the US Open in 2018. It will also be fitted with a retractable roof. But for the 2017 tournament, because the construction is ongoing, a temporary stadium having 8,800 seats will be built on Parking Lot B.
That is the third largest court. When the Singer Bowl, which was rectangular in shape, was transformed to shape the square Armstrong Stadium, the remainder was used to create this venue. The transformation was implemented in 2916, in time for the 2016 US Open. The seating capacity of the Grandstand is 8,125 seats. Like Court 17, the Grandstand is sunken into the ground. Its design is asymmetrical, and there is a sun canopy roof.
This venue was open in 2011. It has a capacity for 3,000 spectators. There are large TV screens and electronic line calling to allow player challenges.
The other name for Court 17 is The Pit, because it is sunken into the ground.
The courts surface is hard. Since 1978 it has been a material called pro decoturf. The surface determines some peculiarities of the tennis ball's behaviour. The surface of the US open courts is classified as medium fast. That means that its friction is a little lesser, and the ball bounces a bit lower than it would on a hard court with another type of surface. The surfacing of the courts where the US open matches are played is renewed each year, prior to the tournament.
When making your decisions on online bets, you should take the peculiarities of the courts surface into account as well.
The Hawk Eye is a computer system which the US Open was the first to use out of the Grand Slam tournaments in 2006. It is used for the instant replay reviewing of calls. Three years after its introduction in the tournament, it was renamed and was called Chase Review. The system helps to track the ball trajectory and so it can provide a second opinion on what that trajectory was.
The online bookmaking sites are ready with offers of odds on the tournament. You can check what odds are offered, and make your outright bets, wagering on the winner in the specific event, and on other details of the tournament.
For punters who are beginning to bet, it is recommended to check welcome offers. These offers come with free bets when you register on a bookmaking site. If you find more exciting welcome offers, you can register at two or more online bookies, and grab more bonuses with free bet opportunities. Free bets will come with exciting offers when you make deposits of the amounts pointed out on online bookmaking site. Both registering and checking for offer of free bets for depositing are worth when you start your wagering experience regarding the US Open events.
Wagering on who the tournament winners will be in the specific events of the US Open is exciting. Finding and getting acquainted with tips on online betting on these events will help you achieve greater success.


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Q: Establishing a parent-child-relationship in object oriented design Suppose we want to model students which attend courses. Every student should attend at most one course at a time and a course can contain multiple students (a typical 1-to-n association). Suppose further that this association should be bidirectional, i.e. we should be able to navigate from student to course and vice versa.
So naturally we would have two classes, Student (holding a reference to the assigned course) and Course (containing a collection of students). But how do we compose the object graph? Specifically, which operations on which classes should we define to establish a link between a student and a class? The first obvious option would be to define a generic Add method on the Course class:
class Course
{
    public void Add(Student student) { ... }
}

But you could equally define an operation on the Student class instead:
class Student
{
    public void Attend(Course course) { ... }
}

(Surely there are more options, like passing an instance of the Course class to the constructor of Student, but that is not the point here)
Comparing these two alternatives, personally I find the second option more attractive because student.Attend(course) conveys more information than course.Add(student), since Attend has more meaning than the generic Add. However I have not yet encountered a single API which uses this style of adding an element to a container object, which leads me to the conclusion that I am missing something important.
So, except that the second option is not very common, what are its drawbacks? Or is it not as uncommon as I think it is?

A: In most circumstances it would be rather unrealistic to assume that a Student will be able to attend a Course without fulfilling any requirements established by the Course.
A more complete protocol would start with a Student applying to a Course. Then the Course would accept or reject the application and act accordingly by registering the Student or not and notifying them the decision, whatever it had been.
If the Student receives the acceptance response, they might opt for "taking note" of the Course that accepted the application. This action would be just for the Student's convenience because the formal steps had already been accomplished. Thus, if we agree that it is up to the Student to keep track of the courses they attend (in the present and past) it becomes pretty clear that the attend method is not mandatory and therefore should not be the main one.


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July 29, 2018 July 29, 2018 wkmpxyz Substantive Law
Criminal Conspiracy | Sec 120A- Indian Penal Code, 1860
Author: Mehrul Arora
The offence of criminal conspiracy has been added through the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 1913. Criminal conspiracy is exception to the generallaw where intent alone does not constitute crime. It is intention to commit crime and joining hands with persons having the same intention. Not onlythe intention but there has to be agreement to carry out the object ofthe intention, which is an offence.[1]
Section 120A. Definition of criminal conspiracy –
When two or more persons agree to do, or cause to be done, –
an illegal act, or
an act which is not illegal by illegal means, such an agreement is designated a criminal conspiracy:
Provided that no agreement except an agreement to commit an offence shall amount to a criminal conspiracy unless some act besides the agreement is done by one or more parties to such agreement in pursuance thereof.
Explanation. – It is immaterial whether the illegal act is the ultimate object of such agreement, or is merely incidental to that object.
The essence of criminal conspiracy is an agreement to do an illegal act and such an agreement can be proved either by direct evidence or by circumstantial evidence or by both. Direct evidence to prove conspiracy is rarely available and, therefore, the circumstances proved before, during and after the occurrence have to be considered to decide about the complicity of the accused.[2]There must be a meeting of minds resulting in ultimate decision taken by the conspirators regarding the commission of an offence and where the factum of conspiracy is sought to be inferred from circumstances, the prosecution has to show that the circumstances give rise to a conclusive or irresistible inference of an agreement between two or more persons to commit an offence.[3]
The elements of a criminal conspiracy have been stated to be:
(a) an object to be accomplished,
(b) a plan or scheme embodying means to accomplish that object,
(c) an agreement or understanding between two or more of the accused persons whereby, they; become definitely committed to co-operate for the accomplishment of the object by the means embodied in the agreement. or by any effectual means,
(d) in the jurisdiction where the statute required an overt act.[4]
It is manifest that a conspiracy is always hatched in secrecy and it is impossible to adduce direct evidence of the same. The offence can be only proved largely from the inferences drawn from acts or illegal omission committed by the conspirators in pursuance of a common design.[5]The gist of the offence of conspiracy then lies, not in doing the act, or effecting the purpose for which the conspiracy is formed, nor in attempting to do them, nor in inciting others to do them, but in the forming of the scheme or agreement between the parties. Agreement is essential. Mere knowledge, or even discussion, of the plan is not,per se, enough.[6]
The basic ingredients of the offence of criminal conspiracy are –
an agreement between two or more persons;
the agreement must relate to doing or causing to be done either
an illegal act; or
an act which is not illegal in itself but is done by illegal means.[7]
An agreement between two or more persons –
In Topandas v. State of Bombay[8], which has been cited by the Supreme Court with approval in Haradhan Chakrabarty v. Union of India[9] it was laid down that "two or more persons must be parties to such an agreement and one person alone can never be held guilty of criminal conspiracy for the simple reason that one cannot conspire with oneself."
In the case of Ajay Agarwal v. Union of India and Ors[10]it was held that –
It is not necessary that each conspirator must know all the details of the scheme nor be a participant at every stage. It is necessary that they should agree for design or object of the conspiracy. Conspiracy is conceived as having three elements:
(1) agreement;
(2) between two or more persons by whom the agreement is effected; and
(3) a criminal object, which may be either the ultimate aim of the agreement, or may constitute the means, or one of the means by which that aim is to be accomplished.
In the case of Mohd. Arif v. State of NCT of Delhi[11], the Apex Court found that it was nothing but a well-planned conspiracy, in which apart from the sole appellant, some others were also involved and convicted the sole appellant for criminal conspiracy.
Agreement is the gist of the offence –
The gist of the offence is the bare engagement and association to break the law, whether any act be done in pursuance thereof by the conspirators or not.[12]Thus, the gist of the offence is an agreement to break the law.The parties to suchan agreement willbe guilty of criminal conspiracy, though the illegal act agreed to be done has not been done. So too, it isnot an ingredient of the offence that allthe parties should agree to do a single illegal act. It may comprise the commission of a number of acts. Under s. 43 ofthe Indian Penal Code, an act would be illegal if it is an offence or if it isprohibited bylaw[13].
If pursuant to the criminal conspiracy the conspirators commit several offences, then all of them will be liable for the offences even if some of them had not actively participated in the commission of the offences[14]. Evidence relating to transmission of thoughts leading to sharing of thought relating to the unlawful act is sufficient.[15]There must be unity of object or purpose but there may be plurality of means sometimes even unknown to one another, amongstthe conspirators. In achieving the goal several offences may be committed by some of the conspirators even unknown to the others. The only relevant factor is that all means adopted and illegal acts done must be and purported to be in furtherance of the object of the conspiracy even though there may be sometimes misfire or over-shooting by some of the conspirators.[16]
Section 120B. Punishment for criminal conspiracy –
(1) Whoever is a party to a criminal conspiracy to commit an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment for a term of two years or upwards, shall, where no express provision is made in this Code for the punishment of such a conspiracy, be punished in the same manner as if he had abetted such offence.
(2) Whoever is a party to a criminal conspiracy other than a criminal conspiracy to commit an offence punishable as aforesaid shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding six months, or with fine or with both.
Earlier to the introduction of Section 120-A and B, conspiracy per se was not an offence under the Indian Penal Code except in respect of the offence mentioned in Section 121-A. However, abetment by conspiracy was and still remains to be an ingredient of abetment under clause secondly of Section 107 of IPC. The punishment therefor is provided under various sections viz. Section 108 to 117. Whereas under Section 120A, the essence of the offence of criminal conspiracy is a bare agreement to commit the offence, the abetment under Section 107 requires the commission of some act or illegal omission pursuant to the conspiracy. A charge under Section 107/109 should therefore be in combination with a substantive offence, whereas the charge under Section 120-A/120-B could be an independent charge.[17] This section applies to those who are the members of the conspiracy during its continuance. Conspiracy is intended to be treated as a continuous offence and whoever is a party to the conspiracy during the period for which he is charged is liable under Section 120B.[18]
Thus,one cannot conspire with oneself and in order to bring home the charge of criminal conspiracy there should be an agreement between the parties, that is, an agreement between two or more persons to commit an unlawful act or an act which is not illegal by illegal means and this offence is generally hatched in secrecy and circumstantial evidence is generally used to convict the conspirators under this offence.
[1] State of Tamil Nadu through Superintendent of Police,CBI/SIT v. Nalini, reported in (1999) 5 SCC 253.
[2]PratapbhaiHamirbhaiSolanke v. State of Gujarat, 2012 (10) JT 286: 2012 (10) SCALE 237.
[3] V. C. Shukla vs State (Delhi Administration), AIR 1980 SC 1382.
[4] Ram Narayan Popli v. Central Bureau of Investigation, (2003) 3 SCC 641.
[5]ShivnarayanLaxminarayan Joshi v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1980 SC 439.
[6] Russell on Crime (12 Ed. Vol. I, 202); Kehar Singh &Ors vs State (Delhi Administration), AIR 1988 SC 1883.
[7] Yogesh v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2008 SC 2991: 2008 CrLJ 3872; S. Arul Raja v. State of Tamil Nadu reported in 2010 (8) SCC 233.
[8] AIR 1956 SC 33.
[9] AIR 1990 SC 1210: 1990 CrLJ 1246.
[10]AIR 1993 SC1637.
[11] JT 2011 (9) SC 563.
[12] Mohammad Ismail, (1936) Nag 152.
[13] Major E. G. Barsay v. State of Bombay, AIR 1961 SC 1762.
[14] State of Himachal Pradesh v. Krishan Lal Pardhan and others, (1987) 2 SCC 17.
[15] Esher Singh v. State of A.P., (2004) 11 SCC 585.
[16] Yash Pal Mittal v. State of Punjab, AIR 1977 SC 2433.
[17] State (NCT) of Delhi v. Navjot Sandhu @ Afsan Guru, (2005) 11 SCC 600.
[18] Abdul Kadar Saleh Mohomed And Ors. v. State, (1963) 65 Bom LR 864.
About the Author: Mehrul is a fourth-year law student at Law College Dehradun, Uttranchal University.
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