There can't be many biology professors who hated science in high school. But that's exactly how Kevin Padian puts it, and with passion–"I hated it." When he was growing up in a small New Jersey farming town, he didn't even take high school biology; and by the time he entered his second semester at Colgate University in 1968 he was getting ready to "settle down to another D" in his required science course.
He got his teaching credential from Colgate in 1973 and taught high school science for two years; he then decided he needed to go back to school himself because he felt he "didn't really know enough science to be a good teacher." He attended graduate school at Yale, where one of his advisers was John Ostrom, the paleontologist who first made a convincing case that birds are descended from dinosaurs. Padian wrote his dissertation on the origin of flight in pterosaurs, flying reptiles that lived at the time of the dinosaurs.
When he finished his Ph.D. in 1980, he says it dawned on him: "I know how to be a scientist now." Instead of returning to teach high school, he was lured to the West Coast with an offer to join Berkeley's Department of Paleontology (now part of Integrative Biology). His current research focuses on the evolution of flight in birds, but also covers dinosaur growth and metabolism–work, he says, that shows that dinosaurs were probably warm-blooded–as well as how those animals walked and ran. He is also a curator of the campus's Museum of Paleontology, where Berkeley's famous T. rex is housed.
He frequently reviews books on paleontology and the history of science for national and international journals and is a strong believer in the power of writing, which he calls "a great stimulus to thinking." He has just finished a three-year tenure as director of the College Writing Program at Berkeley–"one of the really great programs on campus," he says.
Padian remains involved in science education at the pre-college level. He was one of the main authors of California's K-12 Science Framework (1990) and has served on a number of committees evaluating textbooks for the state. Despite his early difficulties with classroom science, Padian is now among its staunchest advocates, particularly in his role as president of the National Center for Science Education, a nonprofit whose aim, he says, is to "keep evolution in the science classroom and 'intelligent design' and other pseudoscience out." He is a fellow of the California Academy of Sciences, a recent visiting professor at both the Collège de France and the Museum of Natural History in Paris, and the recipient of the 2003 Carl Sagan Prize for Science Popularization.
As the new school year began, we sat down with him in his office in the Valley Life Sciences Building to find out what everyone should know about science.
Why did you hate science when you were younger?
I grew up in the age of Sputnik. When the Russians got ahead of us, everyone started to think science had to be much more rigorous, much more oriented towards physics, chemistry, cell biology–"hard science." And so, in seventh grade, we were learning about plasma and osmoregulation and other 25-cent words, but not why the sky is blue or how dinosaurs evolved or why we had an ice age. I never learned about the things that interested me, so it was just dull. It wasn't aimed toward giving students a full appreciation of the natural world.
For me, like many students at Berkeley today, science was something I would have never taken a course in if I hadn't had to. Then I met Bob Linsley, a paleontologist at Colgate who worked on Devonian snails. He was just great. He not only knew everything about his subject, he was also a kind person and a fabulous teacher. People would come from other universities to observe him so that they could become better teachers. It was his infectiousness, his enthusiasm for science.
Is that your philosophy of teaching, too?
Absolutely. I don't try to make explanations technical, I try to make them full. One thing I learned from teaching kids is that if you can't explain it to a sixth-grader, it's probably not a very clear idea. I'd prefer people leave my classes with stimulating ideas rather than crammed with too many facts. They can always get more facts later.
Berkeley has the best faculty in the country, the best graduate students in the country–it should have the best undergraduate training in the country. And you get that, I think, by teaching critical thinking. Students should learn how ideas were formed, how they fit with other ideas, what the controversies are, and what we still need to know. But, especially, it's important to learn the standards of evidence and the methods, because science rests on these. In other words, people should be scientifically literate–in the voting booth, in the political arena, in the social arena. If people in the best universities in the state don't teach that, who's going to do it?
Yes, we do. But there's an interesting imbalance, for example, when all science majors have to take physics and chemistry, but not all have to take biology and geology–not to mention learning a bit about why the philosophy and history of science matter. This is the case in virtually all universities, not just Berkeley. But why shouldn't all science majors receive a broad science education?
What about science education at the K-12 level?
Science should be taught for literacy there, too. There are certain central theories that are very important in science that people should know about. I don't think they should necessarily know how to do intricate chemical equations–most people won't ever have to calculate how many moles of sodium chloride you need to make x liters of some kind of molar solution. Yet people have no idea what's in the food they eat. Why shouldn't that be in a chemistry class? I'm not saying it all needs to be applied science or dumbed down; I mean that you have to take concepts and use them to make people literate about what they're encountering in the world. But, in some respects, we're still teaching for the Sputnik generation.
What are the central theories we should know in order to be scientifically literate?
When we were designing the science curriculum for California public schools, we took earth science, life science, and physical science, and we said there are three main theories that hold these sciences together. In earth sciences, it's plate tectonics. In biology, it's evolution, because nothing makes sense without it. And in the physical sciences, it's energy, because energy is the basis of chemistry and physics, and people need to understand the different forms of energy and its transformations. All of these concepts are broken down into simpler building blocks for the K-3 level, the 3-6 level, the 6-9 level. Then you interweave them, make them more complex, and start to relate them to other fields.
One of those central theories–evolution–is your area of expertise, yet many people still oppose its teaching in public schools.
That's true. It's a little disconcerting. People are entitled to their beliefs, but to be educated they have to be open to learning about other ideas. We even have a lot of biology majors here at Berkeley who have been told not to accept evolution.
That seems extraordinary. Are they taught this in school?
Generally, students learn this in their churches. Of course, most religions don't have a problem with evolution, and scientists of all sorts of religious persuasions see no conflict between evolution and their personal beliefs. But the face of Christianity has changed in the U.S. over the past 50 years or so. The proportion of conservative and fundamentalist sects has grown, and our students reflect this. Our business isn't to change their belief systems, but to educate them about what science really does. The misconceptions that some students have been given about science are really appalling.
Opponents of evolution have been trying to change what's taught in schools. Have they had much success?
Interestingly enough, they haven't made much headway at the state and national levels, and this is because the courts have always sided with good science. But that doesn't stop them; they simply try a different tack, intimidating teachers and principals at the local level, where their influence is less visible. A great deal of the work that our nonprofit [the National Center for Science Education] does is to advise teachers and principals and school board members about what the science is and what the legal decisions about the science have been. The difficulty is that when a subject is criticized in school, for whatever reason, it becomes "controversial," and many teachers shy away from teaching it. So the effect is the same as getting it legislated out.
On the public side, for some decades there's been a tremendous campaign of disinformation about evolution, which comes largely from various conservative Christian groups. These people basically misrepresent what science does and doesn't do, and then they demonize that as a way of trying to get their theological position into American institutions as an alternative. This is exactly what the so-called "intelligent design" movement is all about. This is a sociopolitical movement begun by our own emeritus law professor Philip Johnson.
It's the idea that evidence of a supernatural creator can be found in the intricate design of living things. It goes back to a middlebrow theological movement in late 18th-century England. The modern version of I.D. has three self-described aims: science research, changing American institutions, and public relations. They've done a lot of public relations, and they've done a lot to try to institutionalize their views–such as testifying in front of state boards of education to include bogus "evidence against evolution" in curricula. But they haven't done any science. Proponents of intelligent design haven't published a single peer-reviewed paper in the ten years since they announced their plan, but they're already getting on the field and claiming they've won the game and that they should be in classrooms along with everybody else in science. Whether the universe is intelligently designed by a creator may or may not be true; but it's not a scientific question, and it doesn't belong in science classrooms.
Why do so many people find it difficult to reconcile evolution with their religious beliefs?
One thing that scares a lot of people is the notion of randomness. They fear that if the processes that shape the evolution are "random," there's no purpose or direction to life. Both those statements are wrong–first of all, because that's not what "random" means in science and, second, because I think you can find purpose and direction in the evolution of life, just not a religious one.
This is really the fault of scientists for using common words in specialized ways and not explaining them very well to the public. We need to take the rap for this misunderstanding. Randomness in evolution, or in science in general, is just a statistical term. It means that we can't individuate specific cases in advance. We may know that six out of a thousand fruitflies in every generation will have a particular mutation, but we can't say which six. That's what we mean when we say that this stuff is random. And mutations themselves are not random changes. They are changes in the genetic material–the genetic material does certain things but not other things. We know, for example, that a duck's head is not going to suddenly appear on a horse. In fact, Darwin's great idea was natural selection, which is the very opposite of randomness. Think of it this way: Were our students selected to get into Berkeley, or did they just get in at random?
You said there is a purpose and direction to evolution.
Well, I would say that there is an obvious direction to evolution. It's called time. Time and inherited change give us evolution. There's also a purpose to evolution, in a secular sense: life's purpose is to sustain life, to procreate and survive. That "purpose" is manifest in the scientific evidence itself. It's not a philosophical or religious idea. If you want that, you have to bring it in from elsewhere, and people do. It's not science to do that, and that's fine. Science is just one corner of human knowledge.
You've also been on panels evaluating science textbooks. What sort of problems do you find there?
Most writers of K-12 science texts, we found out, aren't scientists; they don't get the difference between inductive and deductive science and they don't understand historical versus nonhistorical sciences. So when you open a textbook there will be the "Scientific Method" and it will be the five steps: state your hypothesis, gather your material, design your experiment, then state your results, and form your conclusions. Well, that leaves out the half of science that's not subject to direct experimentation.
Including your own field of paleontology.
Right. We can't reproduce the past or control its variables. Neither can geologists or astronomers. We can only "experiment" with the past by doing simulations and models. We're dealing with natural phenomena that happened only once.
Paleontology is the most historical of sciences in many ways. We study the evolution of the earth as well as the evolution of life; the study of evolution in the large sense is to uncover the history of life–the "begats" of the Bible writ large. So we're steeped in history all the time. My interest has always been in looking at a particular aspect of the history of life–how large-scale adaptations occur, how major groups evolve, how big changes get started in evolution.
You're also interested in the history of evolution as an idea. What can we learn from Darwin and his contemporaries?
Patience. And humility. When you look at what those people figured out, knowing so much less than we know now–whether their answers agree with what we think today or whether they were gloriously wrong–it really makes you think how incredible it was that they were able to make any progress at all. It was so much more time-consuming and difficult to get information. And they thought about problems in such different terms than we do today.
You've written quite a bit about the work of the staunch anti-evolutionist Richard Owen. Why is he interesting?
Richard Owen is the only man Darwin is ever said to have hated. He was Professor Moriarty to Darwin's Sherlock Holmes. His worldview was so different from Darwin's thatThe Origin of Species is in some respects a response to Owen. Owen did accept evolution after a fashion–he could not avoid the conclusion that life had evolved through time–but he didn't accept natural selection because he felt it was so purely mechanistic.
Owen was also the leading biologist of his day. He had his hand in everything–he tutored the royal children, he named the Dinosauria, he produced the first reasonable classification of the mammals. Even today, when you pick up a typical seventh-grade life-science textbook, you'll find that they still teach fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals as very separate groups of animals. They often say, for example, that animals are classified first by whether they're warm-blooded or cold-blooded. Well, that's Owen.
So children today are taught Owen's way of classifying animals, not Darwin's?
Exactly. It's an old, pre-evolutionary classification system. We have these anciently known categories–amphibians, reptiles, and so on–but they're pictured almost as fixed categories, not related by descent. Darwin's idea of classification based on descent was very important. He said classification has to be driven by some sort of principle. And since we understand evolution to be descent with modification, classification should be based on that. In the old school, people would contest vigorously that birds should be included in dinosaurs and reptiles because birds are so different from typical reptiles. Well, yes, they're different. But everybody comes from somewhere. The point is that birds and dinosaurs share evolutionary features.
Some scientists still contest the idea that birds are descended from dinosaurs.
Science doesn't require unanimity. The fact that some people disagree is normal, but it's not a scientific question. This "controversy" is accepted as settled by the scientific community because there have been dozens of phylogenetic analyses of this question [which use the principle of classification based on descent] and they all come to the same conclusion. In contrast, the opponents have no phylogenetic analyses on their side, so there's nothing positive for other scientists to evaluate.
What is the evidence that birds are descended from dinosaurs?
In the early 1970s, John Ostrom, one of my advisers at Yale, figured out that there were a lot of detailed similarities between Archaeopteryx, the first known bird, and the small carnivorous dinosaurs he'd been studying, called theropods. In the intervening years, people kept finding more and more evidence of an evolutionary link, and every new discovery supported that idea, right down to the recent findings of feathered dinosaurs sitting on nests with eggs.
Jacques Gauthier, who was one of my grad students in the '80s, and I wrote a paper describing the action that these little carnivorous dinosaurs used for reaching out and grabbing. It's a very unusual motion. They're the only animals that can do this; they have a funny wrist joint that only these dinosaurs and birds have. We showed how it evolved and how that grabbing motion is kinematically equivalent to a flight stroke. To me, this business with the wrist and the hand is really important. It's both the key to the adaptation of flight and another piece of evidence for their evolutionary relationship.
The discovery that birds came from dinosaurs is really one of the more important discoveries in biology in the 20th century. Moreover, birds are not just evolved from dinosaurs; by inclusion they are dinosaurs.
Why should we care where birds came from?


Pausing from closet doors to share with you some frame redos. Since I have all of the paint materials out and set up I thought I would take the time to update some of the frames I have laying around, waiting for some love. For all of these updates I used paint that I had on hand already so nothing was purchased just for these projects. Free updates = Happy Us. First frame up is actually a mirror.
This frame needed an update and my first thought was to spray paint it white. After I did, I just wasn't sold and decided to try a bolder color. I have recently bought some really great teal paint that I haven't used yet but I thought would work perfect for this project. So teal it was. Oh, and I also got some spray paint on the mirror (whoops) - but some nail polish remover rubbed it right off - no biggie.
This project I subbed out to my lovely niece Mya. She is up for hire - her current going rate is a Popsicle and a handful of cherry tomatoes. Not to bad if you ask me. She only does one coat though because anything longer than that gets boring.
All in all it was a great deal, it was fun and entertaining for her for the first coat and I worked on other things and she did an excellent job.
Here's our finished product, Mya was digging the new color and excited to see it finished. I think I know the perfect place to hang it.
Next up, an old frame that houses my beloved NC light houses print.
You know from days long before that I once went a little crazy with a themed light house bathroom and promised that never again. But, it's just one little print and I happen to love it...and I got it on our honeymoon to the Outer banks so it has sentimental value. I wanted a black frame and I just happen to have black chalkboard paint leftover - so a little splash of paint and now the frame really pops.
Lastly, Is a little different redo. Instead of changing the frame I'm changing what's inside. I have several frames I bought way back when we first got married, the frames aren't bad at all but it's the inside prints that are hideous.
Instead of replacing it with a picture or different print I opted to replace it with a fabric I have that I got on a trip to Ecuador. I haven't decided where this one is going yet but I love the framed fabric. It makes me happy.
So no money, new frames, new artwork and we're good to go. Sometimes it doesn't take much to revamp and old item that you're not so keen on anymore into something that you love!
I really like the framed fabric. And I have some Cherry Tomatoes for Mya. Wonder what I can get her to paint for me?
I love the framed fabric from Ecuador! The vibrant colors remind me of the secretary you just painted in the kitchen. :) Gorgeous!


24 Ranch Inc is a Carrier truck company located in Summer Lake, OR. 24 Ranch Inc's United States DOT (Department of Transportation) number is 969554, and it's current operating status is ACTIVE. 24 Ranch Incpresently employs one truck driver as either a company driver or owner operator. Leasing opportunities may be available. 24 Ranch Inc's commercial over-the-road transportation services may include specialized, flatbed, or heavy haul driving. 1 of 24 Ranch Inc's trucks include auxiliary power units. The last MCS-150 form date is listed as 7/2/2014. The listed MCS-150 Mileage and year for 24 Ranch Inc is 5,000 (2013).


text:
import BlackSail from './ship/black-sail-part';
import Back from './ship/back-part';
import Cannon from './ship/cannon-part';
import Front from './ship/front-part';
import Ship from './ship';
import {SinkEffect} from './ship';

export default class PirateShip extends Ship {
    constructor(state) {
        super(state);
        this.parts = [
            new Front(state, {x: 4, y: 4}, {x: 3, y: 4}, {x: 5, y: 4}),
            new BlackSail(state, {x: 5, y: 4}, {x: 4, y: 4}, {x: 6, y: 4}),
            new Back(state, {x: 6, y: 4}, {x: 5, y: 4}, {x: 7, y: 4})
        ];
        this.direction = {x: -1, y: 0};
        this.shooting = false;
        this.paused = false;
    }

    update() {
        this.animationStep = (this.animationStep + 1) % 12;
        if (this.animationStep !== 0) {
            return;
        }

        const collectedDebris = this.state.debris.find((debris) => {
            if (debris.position.x == this.parts[0].position.x && debris.position.y == this.parts[0].position.y) {
                debris.alive = false;
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        });

        let newPart;
        if (collectedDebris) {
            this.state.increaseScore(this.parts.length * 10);
            if (this.parts.length == 3) {
                this.state.showMessage('cannon');
                newPart = Cannon;
            } else {
                newPart = this.state.rollReward();
            }
        }

        if (!this.paused && this.state.isOutOfBounds(this.parts[0].position)) {
            this.die(true, 'falling');
        }

        this.move(!!newPart);

        if (newPart) {
            this.parts.splice(1, 0, new newPart(this.state, collectedDebris.position, this.parts[0].position, null));
        }

        this.parts.forEach((part) => {
            part.update(this.shooting);
        });
    }

    addOccupied(occupied) {
        this.parts.forEach((part, index) => {
            if (index > 1 && part.next) {
                occupied.push(part.next);
            }
        });
    }

    die(sink = false, deathMessage) {
        if (this.paused) {
            return;
        }
        this.paused = true;
        if (sink) {
            this.state.effects.push(new SinkEffect(this, () => {
                this.state.showMessage(deathMessage, 'Press space to try again.', false);
                this.alive = false;
            }));
        } else {
            this.state.showMessage(deathMessage, 'Press space to try again.', false);
            this.alive = false;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Connective Tissue: How The Force Awakens' Characters Inform The Last Jedi – and Vice Versa
Posted on July 18, 2018by Matthew Borgard Guest Editorials
Reviews and reactions to The Last Jedi—a film released seven months, and also an eternity ago—have become well-worn by this point. But beneath heaps of praise, as well as tiresome accusations of feminist cabals destroying the Galaxy Far, Far Away, a curious middle ground has emerged—the notion that The Last Jedi, while a perfectly competent film, was a bad follow-up to The Force Awakens.
To be clear, Episode VII and VIII are very different films, but I've been irked by how often "TLJ ignored TFA" is accepted as fact. Other writers have addressed TLJ's solutions to TFA's supposed "mystery boxes", but I find discussions surrounding TFA's new Big Three much more interesting. While much of the common wisdom around this film holds that TLJ jettisoned the character arcs of TFA to tell its own story, evidence shows the opposite is true.
More than I expected on first viewing, TLJ sticks to TFA's character arcs with near reverence, often relying on subtle moments from TFA to ground interactions. And on the flip side, after watching TLJ, TFA's characters feel incomplete without the resolutions provided by the trilogy's second volume.
Rey – Becoming a Hero
In The Force Awakens, Rey is defined primarily by two traits. The first is physicality. Far from a novice in need of training, TFA establishes Rey as proficient enough in combat to impress a man trained in combat since childhood. This may seem like basic hero stuff, but contrast her with Luke, who swings his lightsaber like a flashlight in A New Hope, and Rey comes out on top. This isn't because of some Mary Sue nonsense. On Jakku, fighting for your life is an everyday occurrence. Rey and violence are inextricably linked.
The Last Jedi carries this trait forward, placing Rey in the film's only major fight scene (incidentally pairing her up with Kylo Ren, a character also defined by violence). Her success in this battle should not be surprising; it is informed by an already-established aptitude. Simply put, Rey knows how to smack a dude.
Rey's second major attribute in TFA is optimism. Unlike young Luke, Rey's optimism does not include her own agency. Throughout TFA, Rey declines a role in the story far past the required rejection of the mythological call-to-action. Her climactic summoning of the lightsaber would seem to complete her heroic journey, except that minutes later, the film ends with her offering that power to someone else.
Many fans assumed Rey would seek training, but it is instead Luke who insists she needs a teacher, perfectly in line with her insistence in the second act of TFA that she is "no one."
Indeed, it's not until The Last Jedi that this character arc is completed. Kylo brings her greatest fear out into the open: "You have no place in this story." And once she's forced to face it, plainly, truthfully, she's freed from it. The self-confidence on her face as she lifts the rocks on Crait shows us she's accepted her agency. And if we needed any more evidence, Poe's greeting makes it clear:
"I'm Poe."
"Rey.
Rey isn't "no one" anymore.
Finn – Becoming a Rebel
In the leadup to The Last Jedi, much of the speculation revolved around Finn. Other than his friendship with Rose, his arc was something of a mystery. Would he be revealed to be Force-sensitive after his duel with Kylo? Would he volunteer for a super-secret spy mission to give the Resistance the victory they desperately needed?
Not quite. Instead, he tries to jump ship at the first opportunity—which is exactly his strategy at the end of TFA before Rey's kidnapping interrupts him.
It's underappreciated how novel this decision is. It would have been easy for the filmmakers to heal Finn offscreen, jump his character development forward a few months and make him a full-fledged member of the Resistance. This is precisely what The Empire Strikes Back did with Han Solo, and while it's an exaggeration to call that decision a "betrayal" of the character, it's a shortcut at the very least.
Finn's storyline, more than any other in TLJ, belies the assertion that the film was written in a vacuum. His entire arc is dependent on the fact that he never technically joined the Resistance, a subtle development in TFA even many passionate fans failed to notice. In the scene on the Resistance base in TFA, note how he asks Poe for help in rescuing Rey, rather than offering his own in taking down the First Order.
Viewed this way, Finn's TFA arc is wholly incomplete. He begins the film disillusioned with the First Order and trying to get as far away from them as possible, and ends the film with much the same attitude. One could imagine TFA ending with Finn's triumphant self-identification as "Rebel Scum", but it's the sequel that gives the audience this resolution and makes Finn the insurgent many assumed him to be.
Poe – Becoming a Character
Poe Dameron is the first major character portrayed in The Force Awakens, and yet he's more of a MacGuffin jumpstart than a dynamic character. That's not a criticism; most side characters are plot devices (Rose in TLJ serves this role. Why her character got more criticism than Poe did after TFA is an exercise left to the reader).
To give Poe an actual narrative arc, TLJ relied on four major character traits established by Episode VII:
One, Poe is one helluva pilot.
Two, he's cocky and a little bit reckless, as evidenced by his conversation with Kylo Ren on Jakku. Even Han Solo dropped the comedy routine in the presence of Darth Vader.
Three, Leia trusts him more than anyone in the galaxy, possibly excepting Luke.
And four, he's hopelessly in love with Finn. (Fine, this one might be speculation.)
Johnson had a huge blank canvas on which to paint Poe's character. He could have easily made Poe Force-sensitive, skeptical of the Resistance, a deadbeat dad, and none of this would have contradicted TFA, because there was nothing much to contradict.
But instead of upending Poe's TFA attributes, Johnson bases his entire arc around them. He's cocky, and a great pilot? Okay, make hotshot piloting his catch-all solution, to a fault. He's Leia's most trusted soldier? Okay, let's have him take that trust for granted and push it to its breaking point.
One of the most common criticisms of TLJ is that Poe's story is an out-of-the-blue commentary on toxic masculinity that isn't relevant to his character, but on the contrary, Poe's actions in TLJ build directly on his character in TFA. While valid criticisms of the Poe/Holdo storyline exist, the claim that it dropped the ball passed by TFA is not one of them.
After the mistakes caused by taking these traits to extremes, Leia's trust of Poe implied by TFA proves crucial to his redemption. Assuming everyone trusts him the way Leia does catalyzes his conflict with Holdo. But accepting the responsibility bundled with that trust, instead of merely the privileges, transforms him into the leader the Resistance needs. Talented, cocky, a little bit reckless, and ultimately cognizant of how to find the balance in himself.
None of this to say that The Last Jedi isn't mold-breaking. If you consider lightsaber duels and Sith Lords requirements for a Star War, character discussion matters little. But if the criticism offered revolves around character or thematic consistency, consider how much of that is consistency between the film and fan speculation as opposed to the film and its predecessor. Examining the evidence shows that, when placed side by side, the characters in The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi flow together so seamlessly that the individual films feel incomplete without the other.
13 thoughts to "Connective Tissue: How The Force Awakens' Characters Inform The Last Jedi – and Vice Versa"
Leo Charles M. says:
Nearly every conclusion you make goes unexplained or requires illogical leaps, but you're using terms like perfect, seamlessly and "breaks the mold."
Jedi need training. There is nothing else to it. Until Rey, every single Jedi needed to be trained. That's why Luke said she needed training, because she wanted to be a Jedi and that's how you did it until Rian Johnson changed the rules.
But the real point is that it is the 2nd installment of a 3 part series: None, and I repeat none, of the character arcs should be complete. You've written an entire essay about how fleshed out these characters are by the end of TLJ, but it's only the second movie. These characters shouldn't be full circle already.
Think about this: The 2nd movie in the trilogy is over and Luke, Snoke, Carrie Fisher, and Han are all dead. If Rian Johnson failed to make Rey, Poe and Finn strong enough characters to post billion dollar ticket sales for JJ in ep 9, then they better hope Billy Dee Williams saves their asses.
You've also failed to note that all of your conclusions are drawn by the characters as they are established in the opening shots of TLJ, NOT in TFA. Poe was not a pigheaded dick in TFA–that started in the opening scene of TLJ, the Poe of TLJ has nothing to do with the Poe of TFA. Finn has the exact same storyline in TLJ as TFA with very minor changes in detail, all that made Kylo's story interesting and unique is effectively over, and Rey has had "all she'll ever need" all along so development or training be damned. (Luke literally says he's not going to teach her how to lift rocks with the Force, then she does it to save the day, like, smdh)
And I find it disingenuous to write an article about character development in TLJ without mentioning what Rian Johnson did to Luke. Not only has Luke fallen from friends and family and his faith, but he's a coward who refused to face down the evil he some-crazy-how created in the first place. What a horrible, terrible, awful way to treat Luke and his legacy, and Mark Hamill for that matter. All to do what? To make Kylo a little more conflicted? (which actually hurts his origin story because if he's so conflicted, what the hell did Luke see in his vision?)
Or is it to make Rey more likable by comparison to a 60 year old grandpa telling stories about the time he almost murdered his nephew in cold blood? It is shameful what Rian did to Luke's legacy, and the characters he was trusted with.
I think most of your points are either addressed in the piece or don't really need to be relitigated here and now, but as the piece's editor I do want do note one thing—the entire premise here is character arcs being carried over from TFA to TLJ, and Luke is only in TFA for ten seconds, so he doesn't apply. Whether one approves or disapproves of Luke's TLJ characterization is beside the point the piece is making.
JediDuck says:
So many of the comments on this sharp, really good piece are buck wild
PatrickH says:
I think Rey's "temptation" in TLJ has been mishandled by Rian Johnson. My takeaway from TFA is that Rey wanted to be reunited with her family, but there was no indication that she cared about whether they were important people or not. So Kylo Ren saying that Rey was a nobody was weak in terms of temptation. A stronger temptation would have been for Kylo to say to Rey "I know who your parents are. They are still alive. Join me, and I will take you to them."
Also, other than a vague notion of Rey being a counter to Kylo, there was no explanation for why Rey was so connected to the Skywalkers. Why did the light saber "called out" to Rey in TFA?
Matthew Borgard says:
I can definitely see your point re: her parents being nobody. I saw it as a more nuanced point about her view of her role in the universe, and more specifically, "the story." But I think you're definitely right that, plot-wise, TFA-Rey's obsession with finding a family vs. the revelation that her family wasn't special is a bit mismatched.
I don't quite agree with her lack of Skywalker heritage being a story fumble, though. I know a lot of people wanted to see Rey Skywalker because of what it represented: a woman in the "mystical hero of legend" role. And while I totally respect that, and think it could have been done well, I personally loved TLJ's criticism of the idea that having "good genes" [dat midichlorian count!!] and a famous family is the most important thing in the galaxy, especially since it ties into Luke's assertion that a large number of Jedi tenets were totally wrong.
For me, the lightsaber calling to her over Kylo wasn't because she was a Skywalker; it was because, even though she's *not* a Skywalker, whatever Force woo-woo energy is still linked to the saber recognizes her as closer to the light embodied by its former masters. A fact which, of course, enrages Ben, who sees himself as inheritor of the Super Cool Skywalker Genes and therefore the most powerful badass in the universe.
Sannom says:
"Why did the light saber "called out" to Rey in TFA?"
She is the new Chosen One and that lightsaber was wielded by the last 2 of those.
"Rose in TLJ serves this role. Why her character got more criticism than Poe did after TFA is an exercise left to the reader"
Aside from the obvious, I would say that a good answer to "why" is because Rose had a bigger role and a more defined character. As you said yourself, Poe was a blank canvas in the first movie and so the worst he got was "Is he really supposed to be part of the new Big 3?" and after reading that he originally wasn't supposed to be, with his survival tacked on at the last minute, people simply went "Oh. That makes sense!".
Jamon Winegar says:
I wanted to tackle Finn here, because I think the most damage was done to his character in TLJ. I actually agree with your interpretation of Finn about 90%. I think the ending of TFA reveals just a LITTLE rebel in him. Like, he went back for Rey and that's it. But he also took care of the shields first. He could've ditched Han and Chewy to find Rey on his own. They could've found a ship she could pilot, so it's not like he was doing it for a ride. He recognized the need to stop Starkiller, too. Rebel.
Secondly, something you left out in your recap of TFA Finn is his best traits, his use of agency, his tactical genius, and his natural moral compass.
Finally, I'm not sure that it's a part of his "become a rebel" arc, but the way he faced down Kylo at the end did a WHOLE lot for his "Run vs. fight" arc. He didn't just fight him because it was the only option. He wanted to fight back. He was done running.
And this is why TLJ was so disappointing to me–not because Rey was still his priority. That much is obvious from TFA. No, my biggest problem with TLJ is the way they framed his character at every turn–and Rose is a huge part of this, perhaps contributing to people's dislike of the character. (There are much bigger and more toxic reasons that need to be done away with, but there's valid ones, too)
When Rose takes a taser to Finn, this is messed up on so many levels. 1. He never joined the Resistance, he should be free to leave. 2. Even if he had joined the Resistance, isn't it a volunteer organization? Aren't all of them free to leave until this movie? 3.She never gave him a real chance to explain himself, an all too real reaction in our own world with a black man. 4. She calls him a coward for trying to save someone he loves instead of fighting what he hates (interesting, that).
Now, you can tell me that Rose was in the wrong, fine. But the movie doesn't say that, and that's far more important. Rose never apologizes. Finn feels guilty for his reasons for wanting to leave and is relieved when Poe doesn't find out. And beyond that, Rose then spends the rest of the movie treating Finn like a little child who needs to be told why this place with child slavery is bad (I mean, come on, to a child slave who freed himself??), and how he needs to save what he loves instead of fighting what he hates (as if she didn't call him a coward for it earlier, and as if they can't both be true)
So, Finn's greatest traits in TFA are taken away in this movie by Rose. Agency: he never makes a single choice in this movie–Rose tases him, the FO catches him, Rose runs into his speeder. Tactical genius: Rose magically knows everything he does about the potential tracking system, Rose is the one who comes up with the last-minute horse-plan (Finn used to be the one to come up with those, and they were successful back then, too), fails spectacularly at Canto Bight and on the Supremacy. Moral compass: Is told he's a coward for wanting to save a friend, needs to be rose-splained about why Canto Bight is bad, and is called a dummy when he tried to blow up a gun, because apparently the only explanation for that is he hates the gun, and that's a bad reason to fight it.
That final scene on the speeder shows the great damage done to Finn's character. He was going to be a hero. And then Rose comes in, taking away his agency. She then makes him (and the audience!) think Finn was a "dummy" for trying to blow up the gun, and then spews moral nonsense at him that he already knew at the beginning of the movie!!
I loved Finn's interactions with DJ. THAT is the character arc Finn needed. To see his foil, a guy who doesn't pick a side and just goes through life. Standing up to Phasma was the Finn arc we needed, and shame on Rian Johnson for not building it up appropriately, and then cutting the fight and additional confrontation for time (it's clear whose story he cared about).
Everything with Rose is insane, and a complete misunderstanding of the character of Finn. If the movie had framed her as poorly dealing with her sister's death and taking it out on Finn, I could've let it slide. Instead, the movie acted like Rose was the angel on Finn's shoulder, and thank goodness she's there to help this poor baby grow up.
It was a disservice to Finn and his fans. I was sick leaving the theater. I can't believe I can write as much as I just wrote about it, but that just goes to show how much this hurt. We could've had more hints at Force-sensitivity. We could've had a build-up of the Phasma conflict. We could've had a second Kylo/Finn conflict to further illustrate that Finn is the co-protagonist with Rey, and the perfect foil of the main antagonist.
Instead, we got a B-plot that only affected the overall story in a negative way. We got a hamstrung climactic battle that was over before we remembered who Phasma was. We got a Finn who isn't heroic save for one line "Rebel Scum." People left the theater, and you know what they didn't do? They didn't talk about Finn. And that's a tragedy.
That's…a pretty fair take, actually. I don't agree with a lot of it but I can understand how you'd see it that way.
Yeah…wish I didn't see it this way. I love Star Wars. Right after the movie, I contacted some people to convince me TLJ wasn't terrible. Unfortunately, I see what I see. And I saw a neutered Finn whose development was overshadowed by a meaningless storyline that effectively removed him from the Force plot and hid his character growth behind a character who could have gone through the exact same plot without Finn and not changed the movie one bit. Great way to treat the first black lead of Star Wars, who was already used as a bit of a Red Herring in the marketing of the first movie. At least in that one he was given a hero's journey to mirror Rey's and drove the meaningful plot forward at every turn.
But I'll hang on to his interactions with DJ and his fight with Phasma, and, as you wonderfully point out, his growth from caring about Rey to caring about Rey AND a cause. Even if that only made up about 15% of his screen time.
Master Ki-Aaron-Mundi says:
Given how much longer the Finn/Rose storyline was originally intended to be and the way Canto Bight featured in a lot of early press, my perception is Rian thought he'd written a major arc for the story, only to discover in the editing room that it was in fact a B plot.
I'll also note most of the characters' actions affected the story in a negative way–Finn's and Poe's plans both went awry, and Rey's confrontation with Kylo did not go "the way you think." Much of the story structure was about subverting the traditional expectations for what makes a hero's narrative and how a hero succeeds.
That doesn't mean your complaints aren't valid, but I wanted to point that out.
I don't disagree with you. If anything, that's my point. It sucks for Finn and Poe (and Rey and Luke) fans that Mr. Subversion himself, Rian Johnson, was in charge of their character arcs. They don't get to be traditional heroes. And while many will shout from the rooftops how wonderful it is that it didn't go as expected, those of us who wanted a heroic Finn were left shafted. What did the subversion accomplish, beyond splitting the fanbase, leaving half of the fans vehemently defending the movie while the other half just feels sick about it all? I mean, at the end of the movie, he unsubverted everything anyway–Rey is the new Jedi, the Rebellion is just being born, and the war is just beginning. He could have accomplished that end without dragging Finn's character (and Poe and Rey and Luke) through the mud, giving fans almost nothing to cheer for and be happy about.
The fact that he found out Finn's storyline could be cut to pieces in the editing bay just goes to show how little care he put in to it relative to Kylo Ren's fake sob story. He made Finn and Poe (and Rey and Luke) lesser so that he could make Kylo the star of the movie. This was supposed to be Finn and Rey's trilogy, but now all everyone talks about is Ben Solo. Some subversion.
That's why I appreciated this piece so much–it finally put the focus back on Finn and Rey, and even added Poe for good measure. Sadly, in doing so, I still can't help but realize how little the movie did for them.
Pingback: Tejido conectivo: como los personajes de The Force Awakens alimentan a The Last Jedi y viceversa – La Fuerza Noticias
Souls, Reprogrammed: The Complicated Droids of the New Canon
The (New) Last Jedi: How Buddhism Could Inspire Rey's New Jedi Order

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our smallest is pad ideal for light flow days, daily discharge, spotting, incontinence, or backup with a menstrual cup. Soft cotton outer layer with ultra absorbent cotton flannel layers inside. Available without PUL lining in Purple or Brown for a plastic-free pad. Nickel-free press studs close around underwear. Hand or machine wash; air/sun dry. Use natural detergent for longevity of pad and your personal health. Lasts 5+ years. Pack of 3. 7in length x 2.5in width when snapped.


Lil Wayne, Future, 2Chainz, Rick Ross, Young Jeezy, Ace Hood, Wiz Khalifa, Young Scooter, Trinidad James, Drake, Cap 1, Tyga, Yo Gotti, Rich Homie Quan, Fuco Bunkin, Bedo, RudeBoi, Smitto Bang, P.A.T.
Young Jeezy, August Alsina, Meek Mill, Drumma Boy, Yo Gotti, 2 Chainz, Rico Love, Future, Young Thug, Snootie Wild, French Montana, Schoolboy Q, Gorilla Zoe, Que, 4-4 Cannon, OG Boo Dirty & MORE!!
U Gon Fuxx Wit It Vol.5 "breakin While Breakin"


When it comes to online marketing strategies that can help companies grow, a lot of customers have trusted eMarket Elite. We are a Montreal, Canada based consulting firm that uses interactive online marketing tools to increase the income of our clients. The SEO management workforce here at eMarket Elite has many years of experience with professional online marketing. We focus on creating online marketing campaigns that are designed to increase your business's return of investment.
Seeing that industrial sectors move about and beyond traditional advertising and put a much better concentration on more specific and considerable methods for attaining new clients, business companies should change their objectives and implement web based strategies intended to attain them. That's generally where eMarket Elite comes in!
One of the most significant long term investments that a business can make to improve their customer base and brand awareness is through investments into search engine optimization. As more and more people are using search engines to find information, it is increasingly important to appear first in popular search queries. eMarket Elite is one of the most highly regarded Montreal SEO firms roundabouts. We are working with major brands and our teams include professional experts as well as key speakers at very important conferences. We do everything to deliver the best and remain the number one in all latest updates in internet marketing.
eMarket Elite has continued to develop many websites for business organizations throughout various industrial sectors. We implement the most effective practices and build websites that are absolutely search engine friendly (SEO optimized) and which are intended to convert new viewers into clients.
eMarket Elite is providing innovative online reputation management services to small and mid-sized businesses and organizations in most industrial sectors. Our verified strategies comprise of a completely unique combination of website development, social media, video optimization, content distribution, PR and of course search engine optimization. We integrate all of these campaigns to generate structured ORM tactics for every client.
Our company specializes in email marketing promotions, email design, tracking, reporting services and list acquisition. We harmonize our customers email marketing campaigns with their CRM database so that they can keep track of results and return of investments.
Pay-per-click advertising is an effective strategy to maximize instantaneous website visitors. When effectively supervised along with good techniques, PPC will generate a highly optimistic return on investment. eMarket Elite analyses competitors to research into their online marketing strategies which allows us to plan a superior strategy to overtake your competitors. By using that critical information together with highly effective bid management methods, we make sure that your advertising campaign will generate more significant volumes of eligible traffic.
Another internet based marketing strategy is online affiliate marketing wherein an organization compensates a number of affiliates for every single website viewer or client as a result of the affiliate's marketing campaigns. Affiliate marketing will join other internet marketing campaigns to form a stronger approach to online business success. Affiliates typically promote your products and services through natural search engine optimization, paid search engine campaigns, e-mail campaigns, along with some banner advertising. Affiliate marketing offers a very powerful method to reach your potential clients and increase sales to attain your business objectives.
Being a topnotch online marketing firm, eMarket Elite packages SEO, Pay-per-click advertising management and consultation services for big eCommerce sites. Our services regarding eCommerce internet marketing are formulated to escalate top quality website visitors and conversion rates as slashing the CPA (Cost per Acquisition). Send us an email now to find out more pertaining to the way we have helped major eCommerce enterprises become market leaders!
Social network and media is considered the most effective online techniques for organizations to increase PR, marketing, and client interaction. Many organizations still do not take advantage of the power of the social networking sites and remain up-to-date with ongoing and prospective clients. Our committed workforce of social media specialists provide consulting and training or deal with all of your social media portfolios.
Were you aware that 97% of visitors leave a site without any conversion? eMarket Elite goes and gets them back! Making use of proprietary techniques, we are capable of delivering your message to site visitors once they have left your website as they browse the net. Your displayed ads will be seen by them during their internet browsing – on social networking sites, news sites, blogs and informative sites. Allow us to show you the way it works!
Being a Montreal based enterprise investing considerable amounts of money into internet marketing, it is your duty to be aware of what is functioning and what is not. The main reason why a large number of organizations are augmenting their online marketing budget is because so much data can be extrapolated from all the various campaigns. The information gathered is absolutely vital to businesses telling them in which direction to aim to go get those extra clients and ensure business continuity.


text:
package org.jboss.pnc.spi.datastore.predicates;

import org.jboss.pnc.model.*;
import org.jboss.pnc.spi.datastore.repositories.api.Predicate;

import javax.persistence.criteria.Join;
import java.util.Collection;

/**
 * Predicates for {@link org.jboss.pnc.model.BuildRecord} entity.
 */
public class BuildRecordPredicates {

    public static Predicate<BuildRecord> withBuildRecordId(Integer buildRecordId) {
        return (root, query, cb) -> cb.equal(root.get(org.jboss.pnc.model.BuildRecord_.id), buildRecordId);
    }

    public static Predicate<BuildRecord> withBuildConfigurationId(Integer configurationId) {
        return (root, query, cb) -> {
            Join<BuildRecord, BuildConfigurationAudited> buildConfigurationAudited = root.join(BuildRecord_.buildConfigurationAudited);
            return cb.equal(buildConfigurationAudited.get(org.jboss.pnc.model.BuildConfigurationAudited_.id), configurationId);
        };
    }

    public static Predicate<BuildRecord> withSuccess() {
        return (root, query, cb) -> cb.equal(root.get(BuildRecord_.status), BuildStatus.SUCCESS);
    }

    public static Predicate<BuildRecord> withBuildConfigSetId(Integer buildConfigSetId) {
        return (root, query, cb) -> {
            Join<BuildRecord, BuildConfigSetRecord> joinedConfiguSet = root.join(BuildRecord_.buildConfigSetRecord);
            return cb.equal(joinedConfiguSet.get(org.jboss.pnc.model.BuildConfigSetRecord_.id), buildConfigSetId);
        };
    }

    public static Predicate<BuildRecord> withBuildConfigurationIdInSet(Collection<Integer> buildConfigurationIds) {
        if (buildConfigurationIds.isEmpty()) {
            // return an always false predicate if there are no build config ids
            return (root, query, cb) -> cb.disjunction();
        } else {
            return (root, query, cb) -> {
                Join<BuildRecord, BuildConfigurationAudited> buildConfigurationAudited = root
                        .join(BuildRecord_.buildConfigurationAudited);
                return buildConfigurationAudited.get(org.jboss.pnc.model.BuildConfigurationAudited_.id)
                        .in(buildConfigurationIds);
            };
        }
    }

    public static Predicate<BuildRecord> withProjectId(Integer projectId) {
        return (root, query, cb) -> {
            Join<BuildRecord, BuildConfigurationAudited> buildConfigurationAudited = root.join(BuildRecord_.buildConfigurationAudited);
            Join<BuildConfigurationAudited, Project> project = buildConfigurationAudited.join(
                    org.jboss.pnc.model.BuildConfigurationAudited_.project);
            return cb.equal(project.get(org.jboss.pnc.model.Project_.id), projectId);
        };
    }

}


WORKSPACES THAT WORK! Servcorp's mission is to deliver happiness in business by providing our clients with flexible workspaces backed by a team to delegate to, powerful IT solutions made simple and a global Community of 40,000+ clients to market to, collaborate and network with. Our clients' business success is at the heart of everything we do. From the marble floors, amazing views, beautiful workspaces, private offices, dedicated team, receptionists to answer all your vital calls, leading-edge IT solutions and flexible leases - everything has been carefully crafted to ensure our clients have the best business presence possible to make their mark on the world, without the associated costs. Servcorp Octagon Building is an A-Grade Office building in Parramatta's CBD. Easy access to casual and street parking and minutes from transport options. 5-Star serviced offices, virtual offices, coworking spaces and meeting faciltiies and facilities including boardroom, meeting rooms and executive lounge seats.


Finally! The kids are in bed, the dog and cat are napping in the living room while I type, and I have a chance to put together a post about the new house.
We began house hunting a couple of months ago. The first house we went to see was a beautiful old farm house surrounded by lovely red outbuildings and a huge barn. Patch loved the barn.
Unfortunately, while the one hundred thirty year old house had obviously had many renovations, there was one problem that we couldn't ignore... none of the floors were level.
After seeing many others that often reminded me of the stereotypical stories you hear about online dating ("This looks absolutely nothing like it did in the pictures! Were those pictures taken twenty years ago?"), we came across a newer house and fell in love.
And it has central air. Do you know how hard it is to find houses for sale with central air here? Amid the houses we saw, houses with central air were few and far between. After almost four years in a house with one air conditioned room (downstairs) that central air was a major selling point.
I've been formulating a to do list that'll start next week if all goes smoothly with closing. The glass shelves in the dining room will be taken down ASAP. All the walls are getting a coat of protective clear coat because Maggie is hard on walls and nothing I've done seems to change that. And we're meeting with a fence company at the end of the week to discuss the massive fence that is going to go up around the backyard.
It needs to be Maggie proof. If that's physically possible.
Looks great! And, please tell me that the deer head mount conveys. Bet the kiddos love that!
I guess those glass shelves may get a rethink?
I guess those glass shelves may get a rethink? I like the clear coating the walls; what do you use? Love the deer's head!
I'm so happy for you and your beautiful family! Your new home is just lovely!!!
Imagine! No basement flooding! And space down there for the kids and animals to bounce off the walls! It looks so nice.
I don't know what kind of fence will be "Maggie proof" but I image she'd be able to figure out a way to even climb a privacy fence. Hope you find a solution.
But the house looks wonderful, and I hope you'll be very happy there.
I am SO happy for you and your new home, it is lovely...YAY! How will it work for all your children's therapies and appointments? Hope it's not too far away from them! May God bless you...HUGS!
I recommend you check out the methods used to keep dogs from going over the fences. One I like is the bar running above the fence with a large PVC pipe on it, when you grab it to climb over it rolls and your dog or kid will find it almost impossible to go over-- nothing is totally perfect, but the rollers help. At the base you can drive rebar in to make a barrier that overlaps the base of the fence and fills the space between it and the ground-- width depends on how small a space the dog or kid can get out of. Having lived with climbing dogs, I can say the only fence that worked all the time with my dog was the one that was hot, but I don't think we want to use a hot wire on a fence for children. On the rebar, make sure you know where all buried things are located BEFORE you begin sledge hammering it into the ground.
I'd put all tall play areas in the very center of the yard. All that lovely space, you will be able to have a fabulous play area.
I am simply thrilled for you! The house is lovely, and the yard perfect for playing. Happy times ahead, there.
Congratulations on your new home. Take it easy with the move and being pregnant - mind you, haven't you moved whilst pregnant before?
What a beautiful house, and is seems like it's perfect for you guys! Best of luck with the closing and move-in!
Oh my goodness! The place is amazing! I am so happy for you guys!


text:
import sys
import os
import re

HEADER = '''#!/usr/bin/env python
### This file automatically generated by tools/dev/gen-py-errors.py,
### which see for more information
###
### It is versioned for convenience.
'''

# Established by svn 1.0. May as well hard-code these.
APR_OS_START_ERROR = 20000
APR_OS_START_USERERR = APR_OS_START_ERROR + 50000 * 2
SVN_ERR_CATEGORY_SIZE = 5000

RE_CAT_NAME = re.compile(r'SVN_ERR_([A-Z_]+)_CATEG')
RE_CAT_VALUE = re.compile(r'\d+')

RE_DEF_NAME = re.compile(r'SVN_ERRDEF\(([A-Z0-9_]+)')
RE_DEF_VALUE = re.compile(r'SVN_ERR_([A-Z_]+)_CATEG[^0-9]*([0-9]+)')

def write_output(codes):
  print(HEADER)

  for name, value in codes:
    # skip SVN_ERR_ on the name
    print('%s = %d' % (name[8:], value))

def main(codes_fname):
  categ = { }
  codes = [ ]

  f = open(codes_fname)

  # Parse all the category start values
  while True:
    line = f.next()
    m = RE_CAT_NAME.search(line)
    if m:
      name = m.group(1)
      m = RE_CAT_VALUE.search(f.next())
      assert m
      value = int(m.group(0))
      categ[name] = APR_OS_START_USERERR + value * SVN_ERR_CATEGORY_SIZE

    elif line.strip() == 'SVN_ERROR_START':
      break

  # Parse each of the error values
  while True:
    line = f.next()
    m = RE_DEF_NAME.search(line)
    if m:
      name = m.group(1)
      line = f.next()
      m = RE_DEF_VALUE.search(line)
      if not m:
        # SVN_ERR_WC_NOT_DIRECTORY is defined as equal to NOT_WORKING_COPY
        # rather than relative to SVN_ERR_WC_CATEGORY_START
        #print 'SKIP:', line
        continue
      cat = m.group(1)
      value = int(m.group(2))
      codes.append((name, categ[cat] + value))

    elif line.strip() == 'SVN_ERROR_END':
      break

  write_output(sorted(codes))

if __name__ == '__main__':
  this_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
  codes_fname = os.path.join(this_dir, os.path.pardir, os.path.pardir,
                             'subversion', 'include', 'svn_error_codes.h')
  main(codes_fname)


text:
package cmput301.textbookhub.Views;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ListView;

import cmput301.textbookhub.R;

/**
 * Created by Fred on 2016/4/2.
 */
public class EmbeddedListView extends ListView{

    private final int maxHeight;

    public EmbeddedListView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    public EmbeddedListView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public EmbeddedListView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        if (attrs != null) {
            TypedArray a = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ListViewMaxHeight);
            maxHeight = a.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.ListViewMaxHeight_maxHeight, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            a.recycle();
        } else {
            maxHeight = 0;
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        int expandSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(Integer.MAX_VALUE >> 2,
                MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, expandSpec);
    }

}


text:
This Week: Identity In Flames
July 08, 2013 | General news
Tom Hundley, Senior Editor
Kurds celebrate Newruz in Diyarbakir. Image by Jenna Krajeski. Turkey, 2013.
IT TAKES TIME
The best journalism takes time — time to report, time to write. We urge you to take time to read two examples of long-form magazine journalism of the highest order. In one, Pulitzer Center grantee Jeff Bartholet, writing for The New Yorker, explores the recent wave of self-immolations that has swept Tibet: "Last year, more than eighty Tibetans—monks and nuns, farmers, nomads, students, restaurant workers, and at least one writer—burned to death. The oldest was in his early sixties; the youngest was just fifteen."
According to Jeff, "the protests are a form of political theatre designed to attract sympathetic attention to the cause of a free Tibet, but their immediate aim is harder to pin down." The Dalai Lama, Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, has always advocated dialogue over confrontation, and while he has not taken a clear position on the immolations, people close to him say they are certain he wants them to cease. As Jeff notes, "[t]he self-immolations have placed exiled Tibetan leaders in an awkward position: they must pay their respects to the self-immolators without being seen to have encouraged them."
Jeff's piece is a thoughtful examination of the history behind the immolations, the dilemma they pose for both Chinese and Tibetan authorities, and why they are likely to continue.
The second piece is about another group that has long struggled to preserve its national identity: the Kurds of Turkey. Pulitzer Center grantee Jenna Krajeski moved to Istanbul about a year ago and set about immersing herself in the deep history of the conflict between the Turkish state and its Kurdish minority. Looking at the literature, song, and everyday lives of Kurds, Jenna's piece in The Nation paints a richly detailed landscape of Kurdish resistance:
"When Kurdish was banned, so was dengbej, and many of the traditional songs died along with those who had memorized them. New songs became both a historical record and the code in which to relate that history. Most of the dengbej sung in Diyarbakir today are not about ancient Kurdish history; they are about the PKK [Kurdistan Workers' Party].
"Hilmi Akyol, a poet and historian of dengbej, met me in the Dengbej Evi in March, the day before Newruz. Akyol is styled like an old Kurdish rebel, with a few modern touches: his gray hair is tucked into a turban, his beard groomed to a healthy inch. The endlessly roomy fabric of traditional Kurdish pants cinches around his thick waist, and on top he wears a practical blue windbreaker. Outside the Dengbej Evi office, where we talk, men take turns in an unrelenting chorus of dengbej. The words are sung so slowly and forlornly they seem to thicken the courtyard air like flour in soup."
AN EPIDEMIC OF IGNORANCE
"Russia is dying," Pulitzer Center grantee Greg Gilderman writes for The Daily Beast. "Much has been written about the country's demographic crisis—the declining population, the low birth rate, the life expectancy that puts the country on par with the world's poorest—but bleak as those figures are, they don't yet include masses of people dying as a result of the country's HIV/AIDS epidemic. The World Bank estimates that in 2020, Russia will lose 20,000 people per month to AIDS."
The spread of AIDS can be halted, especially in a modern industrialized nation like Russia. But Russia chooses to ignore the crisis. Greg and photographer Misha Friedman document the reasons behind Russia's willful neglect of its most vulnerable citizens.
Related Lesson Plans
Is There Really Religious Conflict?
Language and Nationalism
Language Matters!
See more lesson plans
This Pulitzer Center Update is a part of:
Tibet Burning: Behind the Wave of Self-Immolations
See more in this project
Opportunity and Oppression in a Divided Kurdistan
How to Lose a Drug War: Heroin, HIV, and the Russian Federation
Tom Hundley
Pulitzer Center staff
Before joining the Pulitzer Center, Tom Hundley was a newspaper journalist for 36 years, including nearly two decades as a foreign correspondent for the Chicago Tribune. During that time he...
Asia, Europe, Middle East
China, Russia, Turkey
Conflict, Culture, Economy, Human Rights, Politics, Poverty, Public Health, Outbreaks and Epidemics
Pulitzer Center Update:
Conflict and Peace Building