Feasibility of a dyadic intervention for management of osteoarthritis: a pilot study with older patients and their spousal caregivers.
This study evaluated a novel intervention for older osteoarthritis (OA) patients and their spousal caregivers that consisted of standard patient education supplemented by information related to effectively managing arthritis as a couple. Twenty-four female OA patients and their husbands were randomly assigned to either an educational intervention that was targeted at both patient and spouse or to a patient education intervention that was targeted at only the patient. Findings revealed that both interventions were evaluated favorably but the couple intervention was better attended than the patient intervention. In addition, patients in the couple intervention experienced greater increased efficacy in managing arthritis pain and other symptoms. The findings of this pilot study point to the utility of a dyadic intervention approach to management of OA in late life.


"LIMP BIZKIT regretfully confirm the South Africa tour dates have been postponed until a later date due to an unforeseen scheduling conflict. Also LIMP BIZKIT will not be joining the plannedLIMP BIZKIT/KISS dates in Australia. The dates of the planned event were changed from April to May therefore creating another scheduling conflict, but we assure our fans in Australia LIMP BIZKIT are looking for future alternate opportunities to play 'Down Under'."


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text:
All Ministers performing abysmally would be reshuffled in 2024 – NPP
The General Secretary of the ruling New Patriotic Party (NPP), Justin Frimpong Kodua, has asked government appointees to work hard in 2023 or risk being reshuffled.
The party's chief scribe said the party would make recommendations to the President to reshuffle appointees who have been performing abysmally.
"The party worked so hard in 2016 for us to win the election; therefore, we will also work hard to win in 2024. But at this point, if a Minister, a CEO or an MMDCE is not committed to the task ahead just reshuffle or be reshuffled by the party. It is important that we remind ourselves that whichever position we are occupying, is not because of our titles, but it is because the NPP is in power."
The General Secretary made these comments when he recently addressed the student wing of the party, Tertiary Students Confederacy (TESCON), in Kumasi.
"The NPP is not going to give up the mantle of government now and so all our efforts should be aimed at working to retain it in power and soon all underperforming ministers including MMDCEs would be pencilled for a reshuffle by the President," he said.
"The party is doing an evaluation and assessment of all the appointees and once we are done with that we shall discuss it with the President for immediate action," Mr. Kodua added.
By: Rainbowrafdioonline.com/Ghana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
layout: post
title: Oui chef !
categories:
- Personnel
tags:
- Armée
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Bttr Art 1/1

Je ne serrais pas trop là les 3 prochaines semaines. Vous l'avez deviné, je suis en vacances fédérales au Simplon. Cela sous-entend faire plein de trucs utiles comme tirer des obus sur les glaciers, boire du rouge et jouer au chibre. À ce qu'il parait, on va même faire des petits tours par Bure et Bière. Ça s'annonce épique.

Pour l'instant, j'en suis à faire le topo de mes affaires et d'aller changer la moitié de mes pantalons. Et oui, on a plus vingt ans.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Bike Trip Update - Day 9 - San Marcos to Austin, TX
Another bike tour comes to an end. We are in Austin.
Today was cool, overcast, and humid, with a wind from the southeast, which was almost a tailwind. We had nice back roads past Kyle and through Mountain City (elevation 840. Please.) We stopped for breakfast here in scenic Buda.
The breakfast place didn't actually serve breakfast, so we had lunch.
I thought Buda was just a regular small town. But boy was I mistaken! When we got to the outside of town by the exit off I-35, there was a Cabelas! I asked Jim if he'd every been to Cabelas. He said no. I asked him if he'd ever been to the Bass Pro Shops in the Arundel Mills Mall. He said he'd been there. I explained that Bass Pro Shops is to Cabela's what Wal-Mart is to Neiman Marcus.
And this Cabela's did not disappoint. Look at the incredible variety of dead animal heads on the wall!
In the antelope room they had lots of antelope and deer...
Plus, I think just for Texas, a variety of swine like this Russian boar...
and local favorites, javalena.
They also have a former employee on display in his native habitat.
The arctic display had the biggest polar bear I've ever seen.
Along with moose and *two* grizzly bears.
In the Africa room, there is a pride of lions and an elephant like you would expect,
plus obscurities like this bongo!
That rhino is really going to be cool when they are extinct. I wonder if it still has the original horn?
Unfortunately this Cabela's does not have stuffed vultures and stuffed hyenas fighting over a stuffed, dismembered zebra carcass like some other Cabela's do, but we do have a crocodile lunging after some kind of antelope.
And extending the swine theme to a third continent, here's a wart hog frolicking with the cape buffalo.
Cabela's was too much. All that time we spent gawking around in there cost us. As soon as we set out, started raining and continued the whole rest of the way to Austin.
Here's the campsite at our very nice hostel.
And our scenic common area overlooking the lake.
This is quite the contrast to the lousy hostel in San Antonio. The lady who runs the Austin hostel says the San Antonio hostel got kicked out of Hosteling International for being so crappy. We reported that they still have the HI sign out. Austin is so nice.
Here's the route for today.
Here's the MotionBased link.
Bike Trip Update - Day 8 - San Antonio to San Marcos, TX
Today was an easy 50 miles, on nice smooth back roads once we got out of strip mall hell leaving San Antonio. We took Nacadoches (sp?) Rd, which looked promising because it paralleled I-35, and it was great except in the suburban areas where it was congested and shoulderless.
It was 85 degrees out today, and brilliantly sunny, with a moderate tailwind. There were some hills at the start, including an 11% grade climbing out of a valley after New Braunfels. Jim is still riding a three-speed, except he won't use the small chainring because he would be cross-geared, so he wound up walking on the 11% grade.
The landscape here has a lot more trees than there used to be. It's mostly live oak and mesquite. There are still plenty of cacti. South of San Antonio it was cacti and scrubby bushes, but mostly open.
I had one big disappointment today. According to my maps, part of the route today was on Farm Road 1337. I kid you not. I was so excited because I was going to take a picture of myself next to the road sign and make it my Google Talk avatar. But I couldn't find any road signs when we were on FM 1337! Hax0rz must have stolen all the signs!
We had breakfast in north San Antonio, at a cafe with Jim's name on it.
Lunch was BBQ 30 miles later in New Braunfels. The Thursday lunch special was sausage. It was OK, but not great.
We got into San Marcos just after 3. San Marcos is a college town with a vibrant downtown centered on a classic Texas square with the courthouse in the middle. Unfortunately all the motels are alongside I-35 a mile from downtown. Tonight it's the Econolodge. $56. Including a totally gratuitous iron and ironing board. The wifi works, so it's better than the last motel. And the hostel didn't have wifi at all.
After we got cleaned up and rested, we walked up into town to find food. There were many choices, but we settled on this very nice tavern claiming to be an Irish pub with Texas grub. Those are all neon beer signs in the windows.
This turned out to be the BBQ Bonanza. This massive portion was $12.00. Jim had to help me finish it.
Here's the map for today's nice easy ride.
Posted by Mr. Drew at 9:25 PM 2 comments:
Bike Trip Update - Day 7 - Floresville to San Antonio, TX
Today was a short day, only 30 miles, so we would have time to explore San Antonio. We stayed in the hostel, and I had called ahead and learned that they close from 12 to 4, so if we want to get checked in and showered before we go hang out in San Antonio, we'd better hop to it and get cracking and hit the road no dawdling around.
You know what that means.
Here's Jim fixing his flat tire at 11:20, eight miles from the hostel.
We got there at 12:01, and annoyed the hostel lady who was late for lunch because of us.
Here is what you see when you roll up to the hostel. This is the Bullas Mansion. General Bullas ran the Indians out of Texas.
It's a fancy Bed and Breakfast. Oh, you want the hostel? That's the shed next door.
Here's our bunks.
As far as hostels go, it wasn't so great. It's not near anything, the common areas are minimal, and they lock everything up tight at 10:00 PM. There are cheap motels closer to downtown that would have been a better choice.
After we got showered, we set off on our mission of discovery of San Antonio.
First, there was lunch at Sam's Burger Joint, where the burgers are very large and the buns are branded with a branding iron like a cow.
Just up the street from Sam's is the Pearl Brewery. They have a big Pabst neon sign on the top of it.
(Quick aside: I saw a Lone Star beer truck the other day. It had this slogan on the side: "Lone Star - the National Beer of Texas". How true.)
We caught a bus downtown and wandered over to the Alamo!
We walked all over the Alamo. The Alamo does not in fact have a basement with stolen bicycles. What was once the chapel is rebuilt as a "Memorial to Texas Liberty". There are some walls remaining from the original mission compound.
And there is a big memorial obelisk with a barbie-doll crotch.
With the names of all the martyrs to liberty. Did you know James Brown was at the Alamo? HUNH!
I think there is an interesting lesson in the Alamo. A bunch of guys from rural America, places like Kentucky and Tennessee and Texas, figure they can go invading and push around the brown guys, and wind up getting massacred. Hmmmm. I'm surprised the Alamo is not more popular among our Middle Eastern friends.
After the Alamo visit, we went to the Riverwalk and pursued electrolyte replenishment therapy.
We did a couple more quests. First, there was Jim's mission, which to me was a blatant exercise in futility, but I have a great appreciation for futile quests. It seems he has this T-shirt that a former girlfriend gave him 15 years ago, and she got it in San Antonio. It's falling apart and he wants another one. She e-mailed him last week and said just exactly where the T-shirt shop was. Fifteen years ago. So we went on a 20 block walk to establish that the T-shirt shop is no longer there, and no stores currently there remember anything about a T-shirt shop.
Next was my quest. I left my bike flag in the motel in Floresville. I was not concerned. Jim pointed it out, and I said "Oh well. I don't think it was doing much anyway." Jim was very appalled and described how many times cars have been slamming on their brakes when they come over a hill and see me and suggested it would be a very good idea to find a new flag. No problem, the bike shop was about three blocks from Riverwalk, and I now have a new bright red flag.
Here is the route for today. We now have hills, but nothing bad. A good chunk of this was on Old Corpus Christi road, which is smooth, scenic, and traffic free. There might be a few loose dogs, though. Like one every house. Jim was ranting about how everybody has a fence around their house with a gate, which is always wide open, so the dogs can run and chase bikes.
Bike Trip Update - Day 6 - Beeville to Floresville
It was a pretty easy day today. 60 miles with no headwinds. There was lots of bad pavement, which kept our speed down.
We're riding away from the coast, paralleling the abandoned railroad right of way of the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railroad. I looked up on the net what right of way we were next to. The track is long gone, the only signs that trains ran there are the grading and wooden trestles over every stream. According to various web sites the SA&AP ceased to exist as an independent company in the 1890s, and was a puppet of the Southern Pacific until the 1930s, when the SP took overt control. It's not clear when the tracks were taken up, but it was a long time ago. The trestles look pretty rickety.
As you might expect, it was totally flat today.
We knocked off half the ride before stopping for a late breakfast/early lunch at Barth's. They have a buffet, and a devoted clientele of very old people who get there right when the doors open.
It was pretty good. They have fried chicken and ultra-tender pot roast.
Jim insisted that I get photographed in my normal state of repose.
I take little naps like this while he assembles all his gear and iPod thingies before setting off to ride.
15 miles later we came upon Shorty's Place, and since it was very early and we had little riding left, we stopped for a drink and a snack. The cute waitress took our picture with the cow.
Shorty's has deep-fried crawfish tails. Jim was aghast.
Here's the campsite for the night, at the RDOQ Roadside Inn Motel in Floresville. Their Internet access was sporadic, and I am behind on my blog updates as a result.
Dining options were few in Floresville, we had to settle for the slut. It was revolting.
But between the slut and the RDOQ, was a bar with pool, darts, sports on TV, and electrolyte therapy. I took care of those electrolytes real good. What was really great was out front:
That's six full-sized pickups in a row in the parking lot, and four of them have full brush guards.
Here's the map for the day, there's no MotionBased page because the battery was dead on the heart rate monitor for half the day.
Bike Trip Update - Day 5 - Port Aransas to Beeville, TX
Today our fortunes changed. The Evil Shark of Headwinds and Rough Pavement stayed behind in Port Aransas.
Today it was zipping along on wide glassy smooth shoulders with a strong wind at our back. Not that there were not some challenges. The past four days of rough pavement has put a pounding on our bikes and gear. I had one of my seat mounts come loose, and my Garmin eTrex turns itself off when left in its mount. It only works if I put it in my pocket. I think it has loose connection.
Jim has bigger troubles. His rear shifter fell apart in Aransas Pass. He is now riding a three speed. Good thing it's not hilly.
On the positive side of things, we are now in a more civilized area where not every restaurant is Mexican. For breakfast, I had grits and sausage and gravy over biscuits!
For lunch, we had a nice buffet. I had a whole plate piled high of nothing but puddings.
The Butter Churn was pretty cool. They let us bring our bikes inside.
They have this big mural on the wall in the park next door. This is in Sinton, TX. I think there should be a Truth in Mural law. If you are going to have a mural with the Confederate Flag, the Truth in Mural law requires there to be a bunch of guys in white robes standing around a lynching.
Further along the road in Skidmore, it was deja vu for Key West. We didn't eat at Dalia's, but I bet they have fresh eggs.
Our destination for today is Beeville. Beeville is a pretty cool town. It has a very picturesque downtown with lots of interesting buildings and a very cool courthouse, which looks like a beehive.
Here is our very posh campsite for the night. It is in the Red Dot of Quality, which is a very high quality Red Dot of Quality because it is newly renovated and has high speed wireless Internet.
We walked up the street to dinner at K-Bobs.
It was K-Bobs or the China Buffet. We chose K-Bobs because we thought it was more likely to have booze. We were disappointed. K-Bobs had lost its liquor license. We had an exceptionally ditzy waitress, who never brought us silverware (we stole some from another table) and she got my order wrong and brought me a baked potato with my slab instead of fried okra. I asked her if they lost their liquor licensed because she was selling beer to her underage friends. She denied responsibility.
Here is the map for today. 68 miles, still flat, winds from the souteast.
Posted by Mr. Drew at 11:00 PM 1 comment:
Bike Trip Update - Day 9 - San Marcos to Austin, T...
Bike Trip Update - Day 8 - San Antonio to San Marc...
Bike Trip Update - Day 7 - Floresville to San Anto...
Bike Trip Update - Day 6 - Beeville to Floresville...
Bike Trip Update - Day 5 - Port Aransas to Beevill...
Bike Trip Video Highlight
Bike Trip Update - Day 4 - Kingsville to Port Aran...
Bike Trip Update - Day 3 - Raymondville to Kingsvi...
Bike Trip Update - Day 2 - Port Isabel to Raymondv...
Bike Trip Update - Day 1 - Harlingen to Port Isabe...
Max and I discuss football
Max and Monkey the Sleeping Whippet
The Cutie Pie Guy gets an Amazing Contraption


text:
Valenta Kabo
Lecturer III
vhardima@umich.edu
Valenta Kabo is a lecturer at the Ford School. Her fields of interest are comparative law, law and economics, and property rights and development. She earned her PhD in political science and public policy from the University of Michigan. She also has an MPP and a JD from the University of Michigan, and was a postdoctoral research fellow and program director at the Center for Public Policy in Diverse Societies. Prior to beginning her doctorate program, she practiced immigration law and worked as a researcher for an employee assessment organization.
pubpol 510.001
The Politics of Public Policy
Course Section:
UM Class#:
Policy Seminar: Supreme Court
Topics: Comparative Law and Policy
Comparative Law and Public Policy
Engaged learning in Ford School classrooms--beyond the big-ticket experiences
The Ford School has a long history of emphasizing engaged learning. Many of the big-ticket experiences, like the ...
Four Ford School faculty members nominated by students for this year's Golden Apple Award
Ford School professors John Ciorciari, Yazier Henry, Valenta Kabo, and Megan Tompkins-Stange were nominated for the University of...
Economics and finance, Gender race and ethnicity, International development, Valenta Kabo
Center for Public Policy in Diverse Societies
Supports policy relevant research and educational programs to address the challenges, and embrace the opportunities, of diversity.
View Center Website


text:
https://www.motleyrice.com/article/cessna-citation-525-crash-lake-erie
Recovery Efforts underway on Lake Erie for Cessna Citation 525
Authorities are searching for a small plane, a Cessna Citation 525, which went missing over Lake Erie on Thursday evening after taking off from Cleveland's lakefront airport.
The plane is believed to have been carrying 3 adults and 3 children including John Fleming, the CEO of Superior Beverage Group, and his family, who were traveling home from the Cleveland Cavaliers' game. According to the FAA, the aircraft's anticipated destination was The Ohio State University in Columbus, but the aircraft disappeared from radar about two miles over Lake Erie.
Recovery operations began on Sunday after multiple reports of debris and a bag with an identification card washed ashore. Efforts are being led by the City of Cleveland, along with private divers that began searching the lake Monday once weather conditions became favorable.
Motley Rice aviation attorneys have experience with small plane crashes, including the 2007 crash of a Cessna Citation II into Lake Michigan. In that case, our private investigation revealed electrical flight control failures, a conclusion which differed from that of the National Transportation Safety Board.
3 National Guard members killed in Black Hawk helicopter crash in New York
Boeing 737-524 crashes into Java Sea
Peacekeepers killed in Black Hawk helicopter crash on Sinai Peninsula
Southwest Airlines engine explosion – Why it could happen again
by: Mary F. Schiavo
If you live in one of these nine states, you'll soon need a passport to fly domestically or enter a federal courthouse


Successful insurance agents have learned that the key to increasing sales without running yourself ragged is to develop a robust referral program. After all, other than yourself, happy clients really are the best ambassadors for your insurance agency. However, it's up to you to help your clients succeed by making the process second nature.
The best referrals come from clients that are 100 percent happy with your business and customer service. When they contact you to let you know how happy they are, ask them to post that recommendation on your agency's LinkedIn profile. This recommendation not only shows up on your page but also on theirs. That means that their entire network of contacts see that they recommend you for insurance needs. This allows your clients to refer people without really trying. Similarly, if your agency has a Facebook page, enable the star rating system and encourage clients to rate you there as well.
While encouraging year-round referrals is a necessity, agents often get better results if they concentrate their efforts in a short time period. Consider running a referral contest for a single month. The rewards can be a dollar amount for each referral that results in business, or it can be a larger raffle-type prize. For example, for every referral that a client sends, they get an entry to win a new iPad.
A modern twist on the referral contest is conducting it on Facebook. This can actually be more effective because you leverage not only your existing clients but their networks as well. All you have to do is get clients to like your referral contest page or repost it and Facebook will automatically show it to others as content that they may be interested in. Using Facebook apps, you can both collect lead information and run the contest giveaway at the same time.
Sometimes, even a non-client can be a great source of referral businesses for your agency. Start networking and making friends with local real estate agents, mortgage brokers, car salesmen and even bankers. Tell them about the services you offer, your referral program and the rewards. Make sure that they have plenty of your business cards to hand out to their clients. You may even want to create a second referral program just for these high-profile clients with a larger reward.
Existing insurance clients who own businesses can be further leveraged to gain large numbers of referrals. When you run a referral contest, give out gift cards purchased from your existing clients who own businesses. Then, print up posters or flyers that these businesses can place in their own offices. This allows area restaurants, entertainment venues, even printers to promote your insurance company as a way to win a gift card from their business.


The Akshaya Patra Foundation is the world's largest NGO-run midday meal programme, feeding over 1. 76 million disadvantaged children daily across 12 states in India and tackling holiday hunger.
At The Akshaya Patra Foundation, our mission is to provide hot, nutritious food to children at school; encouraging them into education and giving them and their families the best possible chance of escaping the cycle of poverty.
In India, over 45 million children do not go to school because they have to support themselves and their families through work or begging. Our meals give the poorest families an incentive to send their children to school and keep them there. We only work in government or government-aided schools, ensuring that we reach the most disadvantaged children.
Since our inception in 2000, we have grown from feeding 1,500 children in Bangalore, to feeding 1. 76 million children across 12 states in India. For one in four of our beneficiaries, this is their only meal of the day.
Our meals have far reaching benefits; breaking down class and caste divides amongst children when they share a meal, employing local women to prepare food and supporting local economies through sourcing produce from local markets and suppliers.
We have won prestigious awards including the Microsoft Education Award for our innovative use of technology and recognition from the World Bank for innovation in services to the world's poor.
Our vision is for an India where no child is denied an education because of hunger and to end hunger in the UK via sustained nutrition.
No child should be deprived of learning because of hunger in UK or India.
Advance education by giving children the nutrition they need to learn effectively and an incentive to come to school.


text:
(, Hwaryeohan hyuga) est un film historique sud-coréen de 2007, réalisé par Kim Ji-hoon. Le film reporte les évènements du soulèvement de Gwangju en 1980.

Synopsis
Le film se déroule lorsque le président Chun Doo-hwan tente d'éliminer tous les rebelles en utilisant l'armée.

Min Woo mène une vie relativement paisible avec son jeune frère Jin Woo jusqu'au jour où des soldats exécutent des citoyens au cours d'une manifestation pacifique. Les citoyens montent une milice dans le but de protéger leurs familles et leur ville, Min-woo se retrouve parmi les chefs de cette milice.

Fiche technique

Distribution
 Ahn Sung-ki : Park Heung-su
 Kim Sang-kyung : Kang Min-woo
 Lee Joon-gi : Kang Jin-woo
 Lee Yo-won : Park Shin-ae
 Song Jae-ho : le prêtre
 Park Won-sang
 Jung In-gi
 Lee Eol
 Park Cheol-min
 Choi Jae-han
 Park Yong-su
 Im Hyun-sung
 Kwon Tae-won : le général Choi
 Heo Hyun-hwa
 Uhm Hyo-su

Récompenses
2007 Korea Movie Star Awards
Meilleur film
Meilleur directeur
Meilleur second rôle féminin - Na Moon-hee
 - Kim Sang-kyung

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens internes
 Soulèvement de Gwangju

Liens externes

Film sud-coréen sorti en 2007
Film dramatique sud-coréen
Film historique sud-coréen
Film de CJ Entertainment
Film se déroulant dans les années 1980
Film réalisé par Kim Ji-hoon
Rébellion au cinéma
Film en coréen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ken's Honeydew is a fantastic medical strain that is a cross of Humboldt Honeydew (Himalayan Hashplant x Cambodian Golden Hashplant) and Ken's Kush (OG Kush x Grand Daddy Purple).
You can expect a truly incredible high which has profound implications for the relief of pain, anxiety and stress.
It is a very hardy strain that is difficult to mess up and although flowering takes a lengthy 10 - 11 weeks the rewards are great with enormous yields of up to 20% THC marijuana. Growers can expect great results both indoors and outdoors. This indica/sativa hybrid has a flavour as sweet as honey with a slightly earthy Kush note. Prepare to be amazed.


We all know we should be spending less money than we make and building up savings, but there are a lot of different types of savings and investments. How do you know what should be a priority?
Saving money is great, but you want to be saving money in a smart way that will help you to reach your financial goals. Saving for the wrong things at the wrong stages of life can have bad consequences.
Of course, everyone's financial situation is unique. But this article provides a general look at how you can prioritize.
Your first financial priority should be to build up a sufficient savings fund for emergencies. Most experts recommend that your emergency savings account has enough money to cover 3-6 months of living expenses, but the specifics can vary depending on your situation. If you are self-employed or a family living on a single income, you'll probably want to be more conservative and have at least 6 months of expenses saved up.
No one wants to think about something bad happening, but there are plenty of scenarios where you would need some savings to fall back on. Unexpected layoffs are common, unfortunately. Emergency medical bills, a car that dies on you, or major home repairs can all happen at any time.
I would recommend getting your emergency fund in place before moving on to any other savings or investments, especially if you have a family. It's not only important to build up the emergency savings, but it's equally important that you don't touch this money unless it is a true emergency and it's necessary. If you're always dipping into your emergency savings, you will be in a constant position of trying to put money back into that fund.
My wife and I use online savings accounts with CIT Bank, mainly because they have some of the best interest rates you'll find anywhere. You can earn an excellent return with a CIT savings account or a CIT money market account. We use the Savings Builder accounts because they offer the highest interest rate. You can create multiple accounts for different purposes. Name one of them "emergency", put enough money in it, and leave it there unless a true emergency arises.
If you have your savings or an emergency fund in a local bank, I highly suggest that you check what interest rate you're earning. CIT Bank pays more than 20x the national average savings account!
If you have high-interest debt, like credit cards, you should pay that off as soon as possible. Low-interest debt like a mortgage would not fall into this category.
Dave Ramsey recommends a different approach. He says you should list the outstanding balance of each debt and start by paying off the smallest debt first (known as the "debt snowball"). The reason he suggests this approach is because it gives you the motivation to see debts being erased, even if they are small. You'll be encouraged and more motivated to keep eliminating debt. You can read about Dave Ramsey's snowball approach here.
After you've saved up enough for emergencies and paid off high-interest debt, now it's time to start thinking about retirement. If you're young it may seem boring and unnecessary to save for retirement already, but the earlier the better. If you start early you'll have much more time for compounding and growth, and you'll be in a much better spot as you get closer to retirement.
Not all retirement savings is equal. There are several different options, so let's look at how you should prioritize your retirement savings.
Get a free check up of your 401k to make sure you are getting the best results with your retirement savings.
If you have a 401(k) plan through your employer, most likely that employer will provide some sort of match to your contributions. The specifics will vary from one employer to the next, but something like a 4% match would be pretty common.
My first recommendation for retirement savings is to make sure you are contributing enough to get ALL of the employer's match. So if your employer matches contributions up to 5% of your salary, be sure that you are contributing at least 5% of each paycheck. If you're not doing this, you are essentially passing on a raise from your employer.
The money that you contribute to your 401(k) reduces your taxable income, which is another huge benefit. Between the employer match and the tax benefits, contributing to a 401(k) is a must.
If you still have money to set aside for retirement after your 401(k) contributions, the next priority should be a Roth IRA. Unlike the 401(k) contributions, the money that you invest in a Roth IRA will not reduce your taxable income. However, the Roth IRA comes with an even more powerful benefit: you won't pay taxes on the growth or when you get the money out of the Roth IRA in your retirement.
As of 2019, you can contribute up to $6,000 per year if you are under 50 years old, or $7,000 per year if you are 50 or over. That contribution limit is a combined total that applies to all IRAs, both Roth and Traditional. You can split the $6,000 however you want ($6,000 in Roth and $0 in Traditional. $0 in Roth and $6,000 in Traditional. Or any other combination up to the maximum).
Single individuals with income over $137,000 are not eligible.
Single individuals with income between $122,000 and $137,000 can contribute a reduced amount.
Married couples filing jointly with income over $203,000 are not eligible.
Married couples filing jointly with income between $193,00 and $203,000 can contribute a reduced amount.
Married couples filing separately are less likely to be able to contribute to a Roth IRA. See this page for details.
The next option for retirement savings is to invest in a Traditional IRA or to make additional contributions to your 401(k). Employees can contribute up to $19,000 in a 401(k) per year (as of 2019), not including the employer match.
As mentioned in the previous section, total contributions to IRAs are capped at $6,000 or $7,000, depending on your age.
If you have kids, it's never too early to start saving for college. Tuition is ridiculously expensive these days, so if you don't start early, you will be behind. You can use a 529 plan, which has some benefits. The IRS doesn't give you a tax deduction for your 529 contributions (your state might), but the distributions are tax-free.
One word of caution here is that you will face some penalties if the money is not used for qualified education expenses. While you want to have something saved up, it's best not to go overboard and put more than is needed in a 529 plan, as it will just lead to penalties later.
If you've made it through all of these things and still have more money that you can save, you can start thinking about some other goals for you and your family. Maybe you want to save for a wedding, a vacation, major home improvements, a new house, a vacation home, or something else. You could put this money in a conservative account, like a savings account, or you could be more aggressive and put it in a mutual fund. My preference is to use a high-yield savings account if I plan to use the money within the next 12 months, and put longer-term savings in mutual funds or ETFs. My wife and I use Vanguard, but there are plenty of other companies you could use if you prefer.
Should I Pay Off My Car Loans and Mortgage Early?
A lot of people wonder if it is a good idea to pay off other debt like a car loan or mortgage. My answer is "yes!". Most car loans and mortgage loans are not high interest, so this is really a matter of opinion or preference. But there is a lot of benefit to being debt free.
If you're talking about a car loan, you can start saving for your next car once your current car is completely paid off. Not having expenses like a car loan or a mortgage every month will obviously reduce your monthly expenses, and it can help to reduce stress and make you more stable financially. As someone who is self-employed and has an unpredictable income, I can tell you that not having debt makes me feel a lot more comfortable about the financial security of my family.
→ Related reading: See how we paid off our mortgage in 4 years.
Of course, not everyone will feel the same way. I don't think it is a bad decision to prioritize other savings an investments over this type of low-interest debt if that is what makes you feel more comfortable.
Looking back, savings has turned out to be a pretty big deal in my life so far. These priorities are pretty close to mine. I have felt the value of this.
One note: I found that I need to be careful with how much I put into IRAs. My understanding is that there's a pretty hard limit of about $5,500. Your Roth IRA and Traditional IRA, together, would have to add up to that number and no higher (unless you are over 50 then it's $6,500). If you're a high-earner, you might not even be allowed to put much in one at all.
Workplace 401k's and 403b's are a different story and they do go up to that higher amount. You can even get Roth 401k's! Those are really awesome.
Thanks for the great post. I agree it's really important to consider our savings.
Thanks for your comment. Yes, you are correct, the IRA limit is a combined total. I changed the wording on the article to make that more clear.
This is my first time on your blog and I'm so loving it.
The emergency savings you talked about is something I love so much.
I did it last year November and my result was incredible but along the line, I stopped. I think this is a huge reminder that investment shouldn't make me dabble into my emergency fund so deeply. The embarrassment it could cause one is out of this world.
I have 6 bank accounts now and I think it's time to start naming them for different purposes.
Thanks for visiting and for your comment. I use several different saving accounts and have them named for different purposes. That is a really great approach that works well for me and my wife, so I think it could work well for you too.
Great post! I especially like the point about "passing on a free raise" if you don't get the full employer match on your 401 (k). I'm a payroll administrator and it drives me nuts when people don't max that out—it's free money!
Thanks for your comment. Glad to hear that you feel the same!


Time Critical are able to offer you retraining for $65 per person (minimum of 6 people). They can train at your premises or if you have less than 6 people we can put them with one of our public courses.
Time Critical run courses for optometrists if there is enough demand to form a group. If you require further details on the courses offered, contact Fleur at Time Critical on (08) 9207 2900.
www.timecritical.com.au You don't have to use this provider, there are many others available, but the courses are run on Sundays to hopefully suit our members who can't get out of the office during the week or Saturday's. This course is presented in accordance with the current guidelines of the Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC). The course covers all aspects of resuscitation and basic life support. Participants train on resuscitation manikins and demonstrate competency in Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Automated External Defibrillation (AED) is demonstrated during the course in accordance with the "D.R.A.B.C."


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Q: How to get a website out of iframe First I'm sorry for my basic english
I need to know how to get my website out of an iframe
Here is the case
If someone came and put my website http://example.com
In an iframe in he is website , is there any possibility to automatically redirect  to my website
Thanks

A: Yes but in your site you need to put javascript for redirect
so when anyone place your site into that blog or site with iframe they will redirect as per your condtion in javascript.
Try this for redirecting parent page.
window.top.location.href = "http://www.yoursite.com";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


So I was going through some information I had today and thought I would share this useful information.
I hope this helps with some of the confusion.
Breakfast may be the most important meal of the day, but lunch is what gets you through until dinner time. The price of school lunches rises each year and it is hard for some parents to keep up. This is besides the fact that many lunch menus, not just in schools either, are not as nutritious as they could be. Most kids don't like what they are serving on the lunch menu at school anyway. They are "trying" to make them more healthy, but in doing so they are making it so kids don't want to eat them. Here are some money saving lunch ideas for frugal families.
Take your lunch. This goes for parents as well as kids. We are tempted to eat out with the group everyday, too. That adds up after awhile. Those cute insulated lunch bags make it easier to carry hot and cold items. We can throw even throw out the brown bags in favor of reusable options which are more environmentally friendly. When you pack your own lunch, you know what is in it so it is easier to avoid a lot of unhealthy fats and junk food.
Make a sandwich. I'm not talking about just any sandwich. This can be a wrap, pita, crust less bread, or bun sandwich. Varying the bread each day will help you decide what ingredients to put on it. You may want turkey with alfalfa sprouts, tomato, and onion on a pita or chicken strips with barbecue sauce, lettuce, and shredded cheese in a tortilla wrap. Many kids like bread without crust for peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. This makes lunch fun and your kids are more likely to eat it if they have a creative variety. Invest in single packs of condiments. They can be used in lunches as opposed to putting them on the sandwich and saturating the bread before lunchtime rolls around.
Bottled water and drink crystals. Water has never been the same since they came out with those handy packs of flavorings. You can find them everywhere. Best of all they have five calories or less. You can turn a bottle of water into a drink that is better than soda. Kids love them too.
Dessert courtesy of home. Stop! Put down that candy bar and walk away from the vending machine. Instead, choose a better option. Homemade granola can be shaped into bars and used as an after lunch snack. How about dried fruit pieces? They are sweeter than candy bars and won't spike your blood sugar. It's okay to have a naughty treat every now and then, but even at those times you can choose a healthier option than chips or candy. Make a batch of homemade chocolate chip cookies and pack a few in your lunch.
Ice packs. These nifty items will keep lunch from spoiling. The perfect complement to an insulated bag, they allow you to take yogurt or a sandwich with meat and not have to worry about it getting warm before it's time to eat.
Veggie sticks. Eat them with your sandwich and add some Ranch dressing for dipping.
Lunch doesn't have to come from the school cafeteria or the fast food joint around the corner to be good. Coming from home, it can be healthier, taste better and cost less. Now that's a combination you can't beat.
1. Have a piece of casserole. It takes time to cook eggs and bacon for breakfast. No one wants to ruin their clothes with the mess it can create. On Sunday night, get breakfast done early. Put together a casserole using your favorite ingredients. Fewer eggs are needed in a casserole than when frying or scrambling them for breakfast each morning. Depending on the size of your family, the casserole may last two to three mornings.
2. Yogurt. Yogurt is a healthy and economical breakfast choice. When you are eating on the run, grab a container of yogurt and some dried or fresh fruit. Cutting up fruit on top of the yogurt adds carbohydrates to fuel you for the morning in addition to the calcium and protein in the yogurt itself.
4. Pigs in a blanket. This is the homemade version. Whip up a batch of pancakes and freeze them in short stacks of three. A package or two of frozen link sausage is needed to create this quick and economical meal idea. Thaw out a stack of pancakes. Heat up three sausages in the microwave. Wrap a pancake around each sausage. Voila! You've got an instant pig in a blanket. Eat it as you watch the last of your favorite morning show or as you walk to the bus stop. It can be eaten in the car without too much fuss or mess. For a sweeter taste and less mess, add a little maple syrup or honey to the batter when making the pancakes.
We try to save money on our food bills but with a family, that is a trick in itself. Fresh fruits and veggies seem to cost more and spoil sooner. If you and your family love to eat fresh fruits, one way to be sure they won't spoil is to dry them.
Dried fruits can serve as a healthy alternative to candy. Instead of reaching for chocolate or a piece of hard candy, the kids will reach for a dried pineapple or apple slices. The sweetness of the fruit is concentrated when it is dried and bursts forth with every bite.
Learning to dry fruit is a fairly easy process. You don't need to buy any fancy equipment. Investing in a few sealing jars would be nice so that storing the fruit will be easier, but it isn't a necessity. Sealing jars can be found fairly inexpensive at many supermarkets.
To start, gather all of the fruits you want to dry. Most fruits make good choices. Some of the more common ones are: pineapples, apples, plums, grapes, apricots, and tomatoes (yes they are a fruit!). If you favor lemons, limes, or other citrus fruits, you will be drying the peels and not the fruit itself.
All fruit and equipment need to be clean and thoroughly dried before beginning. Drying racks are needed if you plan on air drying outside or using an oven. Some pieces may be done before others so rotating the trays in the oven gives you a chance to remove any fruit that is already dried and replace with another.
Slice the fruit into small pieces. Apples need to be cored and peeled before slicing. Tomatoes can be cut into slices or quarters and salted before drying. Grapes and plums are okay as is because the skin doesn't affect their taste.
If you prefer to use the microwave to dry your fruit, place small batches in the microwave on the turntable tray. Fruit pieces should be evenly spaced to allow for air circulation while drying. Set the microwave to the defrost setting in order to dry the fruit. It will take about thirty to forty-five minutes. Check after thirty minutes and gradually add time as needed. It is not recommended that tomatoes be dried via the microwave because they should be dried at approximately 120 degrees for about twenty-four hours.
You can eat some of these tasty treats as soon as they are dried or you can save some for later. If storing for later, let the fruit cool before placing in sealing jars or plastic bags. Dried fruits will keep for up to two weeks in a cool dark place. However, these fruit treats are so scrumptious they may not even last for that long.
Dried fruit has a multitude of uses. It can be eaten as is or as a flavorful addition to ice cream, salads, pizzas, and more. Drying your fruits will save you money because it makes the fruit last longer than normal, avoid spoilage and gives you a reason to eat more of it.
What do you do when a meal is finished? Most of us wash the dishes and wrap up the leftovers, but what happens to the leftover portions not eaten? Do they get consumed later or do they sit in the refrigerator until they start to smell and you finally throw them out? If you tend to do the latter, how about saving some time and money by learning how to use those leftovers in new ways to surprise your family at dinner time.
Some people like leftovers and some do not. Still then, many will eat them one day out, but quickly get tired of eating the same thing over and over. Here's a way to fix the problem if you or someone in your family is the same way. Let's start with an example.
You prepare a Chicken and rice for dinner one night. The family wants something else for dinner the following night so the Chicken pushed to the back of the refrigerator. Normally, that's where it will stay until you clean out the fridge, right? Not anymore. Let's do something to keep that Chicken from going to waste.
Eating leftovers the way they were originally served, is probably what's turning family members off from wanting it again the next night. Your family doesn't have to eat the Chicken as is. So, chop that Chicken up into bite size pieces.
Now you're probably thinking, OK that's great, but what do I do with it now? In a large skillet or wok, stir fry the leftover rice with a bag of frozen veggies, an egg, and some of the chopped Chicken to make Chicken fried rice. Add a little soy sauce and you've got a whole new dinner for your hungry family.
This is just one way that leftovers can be turned into a new dish with a new flavor. The same can also be done using chicken, seafood, or beef. Let's take a look at beef.
If you have hamburgers left from dinner, chop them up until they resemble ground beef again. The meat can be combined with chili powder and taco sauce to make beef tacos. Or, add some beans, chopped peppers and tomatoes, and sauce to create a pot of chili. If you have the imagination, there are an unlimited number of possibilities of what you can do with meats and side dishes from a previous night's dinner.
Using a little leftover magic can make one meal last for two, three, or even four more days. But, you don't have to eat it all in the same week. Fix a new meal with the leftovers and freeze it until you are ready to have that particular meat again. On that day, dinner will already be made, all you'll need to do is heat it up. Yes, it really can be just that simple.
Your family will be amazed at your ability to transform any meal into a new creation they will enjoy. Besides that, you will save money on your grocery bill and won't be throwing it away in the trash can as spoiled leftovers. Try these and similar ideas to expand your family's palate.


The long-awaited contribution from Big Boi has finally arrived, Rap Radar's Elliott Wilson had the honor of premiering the record during his #KeepItThoro mixshow Saturday night. The addition really completes this track for me, it's always nice to hear some new OutKast. Hopefully this marks the beginning of what will be another OutKast era, stay tuned.
Listen to "Pink Matter" (Remix) right here, below.
Music: Frank Ocean ft. OutKast – Pink Matter (Remix) is a post by Brian Farmer on Highsnobiety.


When I first got married to my California Hippy Farmer, Dale, my life changed dramatically. I had been living in big cities for the last 20 years of my life, I married for the first time at the age of 40, and moved to the prairie life of southeast Minnesota. My closest neighbors were a mile away, you had to drive 35 miles to get a decent cup of coffee, and it was quiet, really really quiet. I was up for the adventure and very happy with my new farm life. In that time period my friends back in Appleton, WI loved to hear my "Stories from the Farm". So, here on my blog, I would like to rewrite those wonderful stories of a city girls experiences of culture shock of moving to the farm. Hope you enjoy!


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Home / Blogs / Savi Hensman's blog / Many more to fund own social care if Conservatives win
Many more to fund own social care if Conservatives win
By Savi Hensman
Many people will lose the right to council help to pay for their social care if the Conservatives win the general election. A bold manifesto pledge would deal a heavy blow to numerous low and middle income families and further undermine social security principles.
While some would be better off, thousands of people receiving care in homes they own, along with their younger relatives, would be badly affected. Social inequality would be likely to increase. At the same time a proposed extra levy on staff from overseas (also in the Conservative manifesto) would almost certainly drive up care costs, while the right to a year's unpaid leave from work for carers would help only a few.
The worsening crisis in social care has not only caused misery to those not getting desperately-needed help. It has also had intensified the chaos in the NHS by making hospital discharge harder. But according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies, "the Conservative plan makes no attempt to deal with the fundamental challenge of social care funding." The King's Fund and Nuffield Trust were also critical.
The National Pensioners Convention was even more blunt. "The Conservative's manifesto pledge on social care offers the worst of all possible worlds for millions of older people and their families. It's a Frankenstein's monster of a plan which bolts lots of bad policies together and still fails to tackle the real unfairness in the care system," said Jan Shortt, the General Secretary.
"What makes it worse is that to pay for this proposal, around nine million pensioners are going to lose their winter fuel allowance and all pensioners will see the value of their state pension fall once the triple lock is removed."
Despite widespread criticism, Damian Green, the work and pensions secretary, has told the BBC that the Conservatives will not "look again" at these plans.
Originally, people paid National Insurance and other taxes when able to do so and contributed to society in other ways. They expected that they and their families would, when needed, get healthcare and support with personal care and basic tasks.
This was not only just and humane but also practical, even from the viewpoint of more enlightened sections of the ruling class. Those entering the workforce, or returning after being unemployed or ill, were more likely to be fit and healthy. Employees need not be distracted by worry about frail older or other relatives needing assistance or their own future survival.
However, from the outset, while NHS services were mostly free, social care was part of a separate system, in which local authorities had a key role. Various attempts to integrate these were not very successful. However charges tended to be modest.
Having social care arrangements in place in community settings also made it easier for disabled people to become independent, including not being trapped in institutions. This involved changing outdated practices and often overcoming patronising attitudes. While the notion of 'care in the community' could be misused, the availability of support in or near people's own homes was valuable. This also meant that, while families and friends might offer extensive support, there was less strain on relationships and greater equality and freedom.
This has gradually been eroded. The number of people needing support grew as life expectancy increased, but local authorities did not have funding to match, especially against a background of tax cuts and loopholes for the rich. It became increasingly socially acceptable to treat social care users seeking council help as a drain on public funds.
Meanwhile, the NHS increasingly refused to meet the support costs resulting from long-term health conditions such as dementia. This applied even to people who at one time might have been in non-acute hospitals. Some still managed to get NHS continuing care, especially if they or their advocates were articulate and knowledgeable. But many did not.
Local authority-subsidised support, most often delivered at home (domiciliary care) or via centres, has been increasingly restricted to those with the highest levels of need and even then is often inadequate. Those with more than £23,250 in assets are expected to fund their own care, though – apart from the third or so in residential care – their property is not taken into account. According to a recent Aviva report, typical savings and investments for UK families are only £3,134, but 64 per cent own their own home.
It was widely felt to be deeply unfair that those unfortunate enough to have to move into a care home should risk losing almost all their savings, with their homes having to be sold after they died, to recover costs. The government pledged to set a cap on how much anyone would pay, after which their care would become free.
The Conservatives have reversed this in their new manifesto. Indeed, those cared for at home too will have their property value taken into account, though the notional amount left will be at least £100,000 when their house or flat is sold after death.
This might seem a generous legacy. But the actual cost of care is often considerably higher than that funded by cash-strapped local authorities, if extra support is bought to make life more tolerable. And householders may need to borrow against property to pay for adaptations, as well as compensating for low pensions.
In addition, housing and education costs have soared while wages have largely stood still or fallen in real terms. So older people are often using equity release to help pay for their children's housing or grandchildren's education. Far from having £100,000 to pass on to their heirs, pensioners may be left with hardly anything.
Those worst hit might be carers living with disabled relatives. For instance, a daughter providing about 50 hours' care a week, on top of 20 hours' council-funded support, to enable her mother to stay at home, could find herself homeless as well as coping with bereavement.
Another immediate effect might be to reduce local authority influence over home care costs, which might rise steeply. Hospital discharge might become even harder, as patients feared that even modest home care costs could result in their property having to be sold. The longer-term impact, as numerous ordinary families stopped owning property and ended up at landlords' mercy, would be harder to predict.
In some ways it is admirable that a major party should propose a measure likely to upset their core voter base as well as many to whom they hope to appeal. However the direction in which this seeks to move the UK is worrying.
The further erosion of government commitment to social security principles, including that of National Insurance, is also significant. Low and middle income households would increasingly risk stark financial hardship if a member became ill or disabled. If this proposal goes through, it will cast a dismal light on society's values.
© Savitri Hensman is an Ekklesia associate and respected commentator on welfare and other issues. She is author of the book Sexuality, struggle and saintliness: same-sex love and the church (Ekklesia, 2016): http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/22613 and has been involved in seeking greater inclusion.
Ekklesia's General Election theme for 2017 is #Vote4CommonGood. This will be explored by writers and researchers from different perspectives and backgrounds, as well as analysis of the different party manifestos in relation to the principles and policies we have advocated for many years.
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Home » Equity & Inclusion » Women in leadership roles: Fighting implicit bias
Women in leadership roles: Fighting implicit bias
March 8, 2018 ACSA Writer
Women in the workplace contend with more than the direct, obvious sexism of decades past. But gender-based, culturally-instilled bias still quietly holds back millions of women from potential achievements. Confronting these mental setbacks is just as important as protesting the fact that American women still receive 80 cents to the dollar. Women are also more likely to work in education or education administration, yet earn less and are less likely to become principals or superintendents. You can see the latest Department of Labor data on their website.
Internalized oppression, or implicit bias, is the shadowy, partly-unconscious process of an oppressed group coming to believe that the prejudices and stereotypes about them are true. These individuals end up putting this bias back out into the world by means of their speech, their treatment of other people, their lowered self-confidence, and the way they raise their children. Implicit bias is common partly because the human brain seeks to assimilate to the dominant culture while also categorizing, validating, and rationalizing its own experiences.
Without realizing it, you might be assuming that male coworkers are more objective, strong-willed, decisive, practical, and assertive than women. Too often, when women display these same characteristics, they are viewed as angry or bossy by their female colleagues. And when colleagues disagree or are upset with female employees or administrators, they tend to bring gender into their critique of the person, unconsciously punishing women for not being warm, accommodating, or unobtrusive.
This type of bias can begin even before you meet a person. In a controlled study, groups of employers, when shown the exact same resume with only the gender of the applicant changed, rated the male applicant as more capable and even offered him a higher starting salary. Similarly,
A 2005 study by Heilman and collaborator Michelle Haynes asked test participants to read a description of investment portfolio work (read: traditionally male) performed by a male-female team. In the absence of information about individual contributions to the work, participants rated the women as having been less influential and playing a more minor role. - FastCompany
Women at the top do not face any less prejudice. The plethora of advice articles from reputable sources with titles like "How to work for a female boss," "How to treat a female boss," and "Why your boss has queen bee syndrome," only reinforce the perception that women in charge tend to be domineering, angry, cutthroat, and/or unwilling to help other women. Are there bad female bosses in the world? Of course. But it becomes a problem when dozens of articles take the "bad female boss" stand, overtly implying that gender makes someone bad at their job. Meanwhile, you will be hard-pressed to find even a few articles on why "men make bad bosses."
Ways to better understand and expel implicit bias in the workplace:
Challenge yourself to think critically in the workplace - are you judging others fairly? Reverse the roles. Would you critique or appreciate their traits in the same ways if they were of another gender, or nonbinary? Take implicit bias tests online to get started on thinking through these complex forms of judgement.
Advocate for yourself as a woman. If you do a great job, make it known. One great tactic is having a female co-worker who can highlight and point out your accomplishments while you do the same for her. Behavioral scientist Shannon L. Goodson told Reuters:
Being able to draw attention to your contributions and competencies at work has become an important part of modern career management, and it is something most women are still unwilling or unable to do as consistently as their male counterparts… they [tend to] believe that hard work alone is sufficient to put them on salary and status on par with their male counterparts.
Advocate beyond yourself. Be willing to educate yourself and be a true ally to this issue. This is especially relevant if you have not read much about workplace bias, which varies in the way that it affects women of color, disabled women, trans women, female immigrants, and others. Intersectionality means that a combination of marginalized characteristics can compound the bias or lack of respect a person encounters.
Invite women or gender non-binary people to speak about their own experiences facing implicit bias, and try to expand the speaker demographic past white women. Learning from others and getting the definitions and nuances of feminist issues out into the open for staff can lead to a healthier workplace culture.
Lay the groundwork for the next generation. Teach children that girls are not "bossy" if they speak up, that young girls can be just as capable, competitive, and strong as boys. Try not to reinforce traditional gender stereotypes that pressure children into accepting lifelong roles that do not necessarily fit with who they are or who they will become.
Expose moments of implicit bias. This can be done gently with a thoughtful conversation over a cup of coffee, or, more in the moment, by asking someone to repeat something awkward, sexist, or otherwise problematic that they just said. Often, this causes the speaker to pause and consider the validity of their words. In other cases, a man might repeat and rephrase exactly what you, or another woman, just said - point out that you or she just said it. Another common and odd occurrence is men "proving" that they understand the terrible implications of sexual harassment or other issues because they define themselves as a "brother" or "father." This implies that if a man has no ties to women whom he loves, that he would see female strangers on the street as undeserving of equality and human rights.
Provide and participate in regular personal and professional development training in areas that will educate staff on the importance of confronting bias and bringing more women into positions of power.
As education leaders, we must strive to be at the forefront of fixing harmful societal issues and modeling positive, equitable values for students, beginning by examining our own potential biases.
We hope that you can join ACSA at our next Women in School Leadership Forum and attend our training sessions, including "Opening Doors for Women in Leadership" and "Making Schools Better for LGBT Students." Or check out our ongoing #LadiesWhoLead Twitter chats. ACSA also offers an Exemplary Woman in Education Award - we urge you to nominate a passionate leader who radiates a commitment to growth and development, gives back through public or community service, and advocates for the value of school administrators.
ACSA Regional Women's Leadership Network chapters schedule stellar events throughout the year, including the upcoming Region 2-4 WLN Event, April 23, 5-8 p.m. at the McClellan Conference Center near Sacramento. The deadline to register is April 13. Contact Patches Kolb at (916) 286-5103 or patches.kolb@gcccharters.org or visit www.acsa.org and click on Regions and Charters to find events in your area.
ACSA celebrates Women's History Month
ACSA members and staff celebrate notable female firsts and milestones in history for Women's History Month ...
Immigration enforcement actions in California
Lozano Smith provides information on recent legislative actions and their real-world implications.


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At The Gates + The Haunted New Zealand Shows Announced
Tuesday 22nd January, 2019 12:30PM
Scandinavian extreme metal masters At The Gates and The Haunted are bringing their Swedish Slaughter tour to Aotearoa this Autumn, to pummel local punters into submission at Wellington's Valhalla and Auckland's Whammy Bar. A pioneering force in melodic death metal since their formation in 1990, At the Gates are currently touring the globe in celebration of their 2018 album To Drink from the Night Itself. The Haunted share bassist Jonas Björler and drummer Adrian Erlandsson with At The Gates, they're here packing a two decade-strong back catalogue including 2017's Strength in Numbers. Both groups hail from their homeland's metal stronghold Gothenburg and will be supported by our very own Dark Divinity, take in the details here...
At The Gates + The Haunted w/ Dark Divinity
Tuesday 30th April - Valhalla, Wellington
Wednesday 1st May - Whammy Bar, Auckland
Tickets available HERE via UTR
Watch the clip for At The Gates' head-hammering title track to their 2018 album To Drink From The Night Itself...
Experience the intensity of The Haunted's 'Spark', from their 2017 album Strength In Numbers...
AT THE GATES are innovators. From debut album, The Red In The Sky Is Ours, through comeback stunner, At War With Reality, the Gothenburg-based death metal act have always traversed the left-hand path on their own terms. The Swedes are keenly aware of who they are, where they come from, and how they got to where they are today. In the '90s, AT THE GATES spearheaded The New Wave of Swedish Death Metal. Then-swansong album, Slaughter Of The Soul, served as a feature-rich treasure chest for a host of upstarts to plunder. When AT THE GATES returned in 2008 — a full 12 years after they disbanded —their return was celebrated and the follow-up to Slaughter Of The Soul. Now, four years after At War with Reality, the Swedes recently unleashed their indomitable spirit, ceaseless ingenuity, and raw power on new album, To Drink From The Night Itself.
Launched in 1996 by guitarist Jensen, bassist Jonas Björler and drummer Adrian Erlandsson, THE HAUNTED enjoy a cult status in the metal world, boasting a diverse catalogue of material that would have left other bands digging their own grave. Whether the bands continued success is due to an open-minded fanbase, stellar musicianship, or an infallible sense of timing when it comes to releasing new material - perhaps a combination of all three. THE HAUNTED'S legacy of remaining diverse without diluting the sound that seeded a loyal fanbase two decades and is continuing to bring in new listeners not only by its compositional class and performance prowess, but also by its relentless heaviness, the displayed atmospheric intensity and the material's consequential imminent impact.
facebook.com/AtTheGatesOfficial/
facebook.com/hauntedofficial/
Related Gigs
2019-04-30 Tue 30th Apr
At the Gates and The Haunted - Swedish Slaughter NZ Tour
Valhalla, Wellington
2019-05-01 Wed 1st May
Whammy Bar, Auckland


The British television company Associated-Rediffusion had expressed interest in a Beatles television special and when Brian Epstein was in New York with The Beatles in February 1964 he had a meeting with Jack Good and suggested that Good produce the show. During negotiations with Vyvienne Moynihan of Rediffusion, Epstein insisted that Good be the producer.
He also demanded that his own artists Cilla Black and Sounds Incorporated be included in the show, that Murray the K be hired as compere, that NEMS would retain world distribution rights and that he would be credited as co-producer.
Rediffusion agreed to all his terms and the sixty minutes special, provisionally called 'John, Paul, George and Ringo', then had a name change to 'Around the Beatles' – possibly a reference to the fact that the audience sat in a semi-circle around The Beatles as they performed.
The special was filmed at Rediffusion's Studio 5 in Wembley on Thursday 28th April 1964 between 9pm and 10.15pm, following rehearsals on Monday April 18th, Monday 25th and Wednesday 27th and networked a week later on Wednesday 6th May. It was repeated the following month on Monday 8th June and ABC TV in America screened excerpts from the show on Sunday 24th May.
The Beatles performed 'She Loves You', 'I Want To Hold Your Hand', 'Can't Buy Me Love', 'Twist And Shout', 'Roll Over Beethoven', 'I Wanna Be Your Man', 'Long Tall Sally' and 'Shout'. They also sang a medley of 'Love Me Do', 'Please Please Me' and 'From Me To You' and presented an excerpt from Shakespeare's 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'.
John, Paul and George first appear miming to a trumpet fanfare while Ringo waves a flag with the wording 'Around the Beatles' before setting off a cannon. All four are dressed in Shakespearian costume and the audience enter the studio to the sound of the song 'We Love You Beatles.
This amusing sketch, in which the group appeared in costume, featured John as Thisbe, Paul as Pyramus, George as Moonshine and Ringo as the Lion, although the group were at first reluctant to appear in the sketch. Trevor Peacock also joined them as Wall.
Following the seven minute sketch, John announced "Enough of this rubbish! We'd like to bring on something good now – some girls! Hee-hee! We'd like to bring on the Vernons Girls and two of the girls from the film 'West Side Story', The Jets" (The Jets were an American dance troupe). The girls enter, initially also in medieval costume, before throwing off their outer garments to reveal Sixties fashion underneath as they dance to an instrumental by Sounds Incorporated.
The audience joined The Beatles in song as the credits rolled.


'You just can't ban it outright,' says Lt.-Gen. Chuck Lamarre.
The Canadian military will not be in a position to impose an outright ban on the use of recreational marijuana, but its restrictions will be more wide-ranging than its policy governing alcohol, says a senior commander.
A draft policy is waiting in the wings for the Liberal government to pass C-45, the cannabis legalization bill, which was sent back from the Senate to the House of Commons with a long list of amendments last week.
The new policy "allows us to respect the law," Lt.-Gen. Chuck Lamarre, chief of military personnel, said in a recent interview.


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Lee Leonhart was Appointed as Managing Director Executive Recruiting at Charles Schwab Corporation
Date of management change: August 22, 2010
You can see the Charles Schwab's new
Managing Director Executive Recruiting here
San Francisco , CA-based Charles Schwab Corporation hired Lee Leonhart as Managing Director Executive Recruiting
Charles Schwab is a different kind of investment services firm – one that strives to disrupt the status quo of the traditional Wall Street approach on behalf of our clients. We believe today, as we did on Day 1, that when you find ways to improve the investing experience for your clients, then business results will follow. The Charles Schwab Corporation provides a full range of brokerage, banking and financial advisory services through its operating subsidiaries. Its broker-dealer subsidiary, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (member SIPC), and its affiliates offer investment services and products. Its banking subsidiary, Charles Schwab Bank (member FDIC and an Equal Housing Lender), provides deposit and lending services and products. Access to Electronic Services may be limited or unavailable during periods of peak demand, market volatility, systems upgrade, maintenance, or for other reasons. The Charles Schwab Corporation does not endorse third-party comments.
Lee Leonhart is Managing Director Executive Recruiting at Charles Schwab Corporation. Leonhart is responsible for various aspects of Human Resources function at Charles Schwab Corporation. Previously, Leonhart held various HR leadership roles in the industry.
Name: Lee Leonhart
Title: Managing Director Executive Recruiting
Company: Charles Schwab
Industry: Financial Services Other
Email: ************@schwab.com
Other IT executives who recently changed jobs as well: Rivas Guido, Bantz Connie, Weidauer Shannon, Donalson Julie, Liscano Lucy, Polmanteer Tami, Donohue Marianna, Thomas Andrea, Pasieka Lidia, Williams Bruce, Golodryga Zhanna


text:
Хрисостомос Папагеоргиу () е гръцки андартски капитан, деец на Гръцката въоръжена пропаганда в Македония от ІІ ред.

Биография
Хрисостомос Папагеоргиу е роден в Драма, тогава Османската империя, днес Гърция. В 1903 година се присъединява към гръцките борби срещу дейци на Вътрешната македоно-одринска революционна организация. Действа до 1908 година.

Бележки

Македонски гърци
Дейци на гръцката въоръжена пропаганда в Македония
Родени в Драма


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Fibrations, Cleavages, and Lenses
In category theory, as in life, you spend half of your time trying to forget things, and half of the time trying to recover them. A morphism, the basic building block of every category, is like a defective isomorphism. It maps the initial state to the final state, but it provides no guarantees that you can recover the original. But it seems like this lossiness is what makes morphisms useful.
There are people who can memorize mathematical formulas perfectly but have no idea what they mean. And there are those who get just the gist of it, but can derive the rest when needed. Somehow understanding is related to lossy compression.
We can't recover lost information. Once it's gone, it's gone. All we can do is to try to figure out what the original might have been like. In fact, knowing how the information was lost, we might be able to generate all possible inputs that could have led to a given output. It's the closest we can get to inverting the uninvertible. This is the main idea behind fibrations.
Let me illustrate this concept with an example. Consider the function isEven:
isEven :: Integer -> Bool
isEven n = n `mod` 2 == 0
This function is definitely not invertible. If I only told you that the output was True, you couldn't tell me what the input was. You could, however, give me the set of all inputs that could have produced this output: it's the set of even numbers. We often call this set, which is the inverse image of True, a fiber over True. Similarly, the fiber over False is the set of odd numbers. In this case we only have only two fibers and they happen to be isomorphic.
Here's a more interesting example. Consider a set of all lists of integers and a function that returns the length of a list: a natural number:
length :: [Integer] -> Nat
This function is not invertible, but it defines fibers over natural numbers. The fiber over zero is a one-element set that contains only the empty list. The fiber over 1 is the set of lists of length one (which is isomorphic to the set of integers). The fiber over 2 is a set of 2-element lists, or pairs of integers, and so on. You may recognize these fibers as length-indexed lists, or vectors. You can find them, for instance, in the Haskell Vec library or as Vect in Idris. These are not your typical data types, though. They are examples of dependent types–types that depend on values (here, natural numbers).
Notice that the name "length-indexed lists" suggests a slightly different interpretation of these types. You may think of them as families of types parameterized by natural numbers. This would suggest a mapping from elements of a set (natural numbers) to types. These two views are equivalent, but in category theory we try to avoid, if possible, talking about sets (and set elements in particular). The interpretation of dependent types as fibrations is more general, so let's dig into fibrations.
As a generalization of functions like isEven or length, we'll consider a morphism , and call it a projection, since it projects each fiber down to one element. Our goal, though, is to define a fiber as the pre-image of an element in . But what's an element? The closest we can get to defining an element in category theory is to consider a morphism from the terminal object . Such morphism is called a global element and, in it really picks a single element from a (non-empty) set. Now we have two morphisms converging on : and . Conceptually, a fiber is a subobject of , which means that there must be a morphism that embeds in . Moreover, when this embedding is followed by the projection , it must produce the same element as . The best such object is given by a universal construction which, in this case, is a pullback.
(The exclamation mark stands for the unique morphism to the terminal object.) Incidentally, this is why a pullback is sometimes called a fiber product.
If fibers over all elements are isomorphic, the pair is, quite fittingly, called a fiber bundle. The object , from which the fibers sprout, is called the base. (Notice that lenght-indexed lists don't form a bundle.)
Anything you can do with functions, you can do with functors, only better. So we can have a category , another category , and a functor . Since a functor acts as a function on objects (modulo size issues), we can define a fiber as a set of objects in that are mapped to a single object in . The big question is, what do we do with morphisms? We have potentially lots of morphisms in that go between any two fibers, and which get projected down to a single hom-set in . If we want to invert , we have to design a procedure for lifting morphisms from to .
Here's the idea: We would like each fiber to form a subcategory of , and we'd like to pick morphisms between fibers in such a way that becomes a functor from to . In other words, we want to map objects of to categories (the fibers), and morphisms of to functors between those categories. If this is too much to ask (which it often is), we'll settle for to be a pseudo-functor, which is a functor that preserves unit and composition only up to isomorphism. In fact the original construction (attributed to Grothendieck) produces a contravariant pseudo-functor. In this post I'll describe the covariant version of this construction, which is called opfibration, and which is easier to explain.
The starting point of Grothendieck fibration is the recipe for lifting morphisms from the base category to the total category . There is a universal construction for doing that. The resulting morphisms are called opcartesian.
Let's start with a morphism in the base category and pick an arbitrary object (source) in the fiber over (hence ). This will be the source of our opcartesian morphism. We have a lot of choices for the target. Strictly speaking, the target should be one of the objects over , and that's what we are aiming for. However, a universal construction should look at a much larger pool of candidates, some of them with targets in other fibers. This pool enlargement helps narrow down the final choice with greater accuracy. (Remember, universal constructions are unique only up to isomorphism.)
The opcartesian morphism over , with the specified source , is a morphism , such that .
It must satisfy a universal property that I'm about to describe.
First, we pick an arbitrary object and a morphism . This is supposed to be the competition for . When projected down to , it becomes .
We are interested in the case when factorizes through , that is, there is a morphism such that . Whenever such factorization is possible in , we demand that there be a unique lifting of it to .
In other words, there exists a unique such that and .
If you find this definition a little confusing, you're in good company. So let's try a slightly different imagery that has more to do with the original ideas from algebraic topology. Think of objects as shapes. A morphism is a proof that is a proper subset of , or that contains . A functor between two categories of shapes must map shapes to shapes in a way that preserves inclusion. It may map many shapes to one, so imagine that the shapes in the category are three-dimensional, and their projections using the functor are their flat shadows. Functoriality means that, if contains , then its shadow contains . Next, we introduce a new object that is contained inside , and the proof of that is . It follows from functoriality that contains the shadow of .
Now suppose that this shadow falls inside the smaller (with the proof ).
Normally, this would not imply that is inside . It's possible that (parts of) are sticking out below or above . Our universal condition demands that this cannot happen. There can be no room above or below — it's a cylinder carved into . Universality guarantees that we get the absolutely optimal shape.
Now that we know what an opcartesian morphism is, we might ask the question, does it always exist? Given an arbitrary morphism in and an object over , can we always find an opcartesian morphism such that is over ? If we can, then we call the pair an opfibration.
Here's an interesting observation. You might wonder whether the definition of an opcartesian morphism isn't overly complicated. Wouldn't it be enough to restrict the pool of possible candidates to those morphisms whose target, the in our picture, was over , the target of ? This was, in fact, the original idea in the Grothendieck construction. The problem was that, with such definition, there was no guarantee that a composition of two opcartesian morphisms would be again opcartesian. The current definition makes that automatic.
Given an opfibration, we now face the opposite problem: there may be too many opcartesian morphisms. Remember, we wanted to (a) make fibers into subcategories of and (b) use opcartesian morphisms to define functors between them. The first part is relatively easy: a fiber has, as objects, those objects of whose projection is . We select as morphisms in those morphisms that project down to identity, (notice that we ignore other endomorphism ). These are called vertical morphisms. But to define functors between fibers we need to map each object of one fiber to exactly one object in the other fiber (and the same for vertical morphisms). Think of this as transporting objects between fibers. In a fibered category, we could use opcartesian morphisms for transport. Any time two objects are connected in the base by a morphism, we have a bunch of opcartesian morphisms over it starting from every single object in the source fiber. We could use them to try to define a functor between fibers.
But in general we have more than one opcartesian morphism between a source object in one fiber and candidate target objects in the other fiber. But we can design a procedure to pick one (if you're into set theory, you'll notice that we have to use the Axiom of Choice). Such choice is called an opcleavage, and the resulting construction is called cloven opfibration.
Formally, an opcleavage is described by a function
It takes a morphism and an object (such that ), and produces an object (such that ), which is the target of some opcartesian morphism . This is exactly the morphism selected by opcleavage.
The universal construction of opcartesian morphisms can then be used to define the mapping of vertical morphisms thus completing the definition of a functor between fibers.
A geometric intuition is that an opcleavage provides a way of transporting objects in the horizontal direction. Vertical morphisms transport objects vertically, and the functors defined by the opcleavage transport them horizontally, in such a way that their shadows follow the arrows in the base. The origin of this intuition goes back to differential geometry, where one is able to define continuous paths in the base manifold and use them to transport objects, such as vectors, between fibers. Category theory lets us abstract away continuity (and differentiability) from this picture. You might also see transport used in homotopy type theory, with paths standing for equality proofs.
Now, remember what I said about the composition of opcartesian morphisms resulting in an opcartesian morphism? Unfortunately, once we start picking individual morphisms to construct an opcleavage, this compositionality might be lost. The composition of any two morphisms from the selected pool is still opcartesian, but it's not necessarily part of the opcleveage. This is why we might have to relax compositionality and embrace pseudofunctors.
But sometimes an opcleavage preserves compositionality. We call this situation split opfibration. It must satisfy these two conditions:
for any and .
A split opfibration defines a functor , which maps objects from the base category to fibers seen as categories; and morphisms from the base category to functors between those fibers. So defined functor may be interpreted as an attempt at inverting the original projection .
If the splitting conditions are satisfied only up to isomorphism, we get a pseudofunctor . This makes things more complicated but also more interesting. It means that horizontal transport depends on the path. In particular, transport along a closed path–a chain of morphisms in the base that compose to identity–may produce an object that's different from (albeit isomorphic to) the starting object. In differential geometry we would say that the space has non-zero curvature.
Interestingly, this procedure of generating split opfibrations has its inverse. Given a functor it's possible to reconstruct the total category and a projection . This is called the Grothendieck construction.
Since our new slogan is "lenses are everywhere," it should come as no big surprise that a split opfibration may be seen as a type of a lens. The projection corresponds to view or get. It extracts , the focus of the lens, out of . The opcleavage part of opfibration, corresponds to put or, more precisely to over. It takes a morphism that modifies the focus from to and it takes the object , and produces the new object . In programming, get and put are just functions between sets, here they are object mappings of two functors, but the similarity is hard to ignore.
Acknowledment
I'm grateful to Bryce Clarke for reading the draft and helpful comments.
Papers to read
Johnson, Rosebrugh, and Wood, Lenses, fibrations and universal translations
Johnson and Rosebrugh, Delta lenses and opfibrations


I bet you didn't see this one coming! I mean, no flowers, no Christmas, but a motorbike? Have zombies or aliens taken over me?No,not really (maybe they did, but I don't know it?).
Anyway, I found this jewel in Geneva and really liked it, it did look more like a piece of art than just a machine. And I wouldn't mind taking it for a ride. Or two.


Sean Cubitt is Director of the Program in Media and Communications at the University of Melbourne. His publications include Timeshift, Videography, Digital Aesthetics, Simulation and Social Theory, The Cinema Effect and EcoMedia. He is series editor for Leonardo Books at MIT Press.
Digital cinema is not free of the chains of the past. Constructing the impression of space on two-dimensional surfaces has fascinated artists, designers and engineers for centuries. Sean Cubitt's article provides a fascinating historical overview of what digital technology has inherited from the Cartesian grid of two-dimensional geometry.


A hand-picked, annotated list of Web resources about Free will.
O'Connor, Timothy (Oct 29, 2010). Edward N. Zalta, ed:Free Will. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). "A particular sort of capacity of rational agents to choose a course of action from among various alternatives. Which sort is the free will sort is what all the fuss is about."
Hoefer, Carl (Jan 21, 2010). Edward N. Zalta, ed:Causal Determinism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). "The claim that everything that happens is determined by antecedent conditions together with the natural laws."
Vihvelin, Kadri (Mar 1, 2011). Edward N. Zalta, ed:Arguments for Incompatibilism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). Incompatibilism is concerned with "the relevance of determinism to free will: if determinism turned out to be true, incompatibilism holds it would also be true that we don't have, and have never had, free will." Quotation is a close paraphrase.
McKenna, Michael (Oct 5, 2009). Edward N. Zalta, ed:Compatibilism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). "Compatibilism is the thesis that free will is compatible with determinism."
Clarke, Randolph (Sep 12, 2008). Edward N. Zalta, ed:Incompatibilist (Nondeterministic) Theories of Free Will. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). "The incompatibilist theories that have been offered fall into three main groups, depending on which type of indeterminism (uncaused events, nondeterministically caused events, agent- [or substance-] caused events) they require. Further variations among accounts concern where in the processes leading to decisions or other actions they require indeterminism and what other conditions besides indeterminism they require."
Cole, David (Sep 22, 2009). Edward N. Zalta, ed:The Chinese Room Argument. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). "While suitably programmed computers may appear to converse in natural language, they are not capable of understanding language, even in principle."
Thomason, Richmond (May 9, 2008). Edward N. Zalta, ed:Logic and Artificial Intelligence. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). "Whatever causality is, causal relations should be inferrable in everyday common sense settings. Whatever belief is, it should be possible for rational agents to make plausible inferences about the beliefs of other agents....Compatibility with an acceptable account of the relevant reasoning is essential for a successful philosophical theory. But the methods in the contemporary philosophical inventory are too crude to provide anything like an adequate account of reasoning that is this complex."
Allen, Colin (Oct 13, 2010). Edward N. Zalta, ed:Animal Consciousness. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). "While theories of consciousness are frequently developed without special regard to questions about animal consciousness, the plausibility of such theories has sometimes been assessed against the results of their application to animal consciousness. ...Questions about animal consciousness are just one corner of a more general set of questions about animal cognition and mind."
Atmanspacher, Harald (May 19, 2011). Edward N. Zalta, ed:Quantum Approaches to Consciousness. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). "Since quantum theory is the most fundamental theory of matter that is currently available, it is a legitimate question to ask whether quantum theory can help us to understand consciousness."
Norman Bearrentine. New Millennium/New Mind: Life After the Death of Free Will. Light & Dark Inc. normbear.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-27. A thoughtful essay with a few references.
Michael Shermer (July 26, 2012). How Free Will Collides with Unconscious Impulses: Volition as self-control exerts veto power over impulses. Scientific American. Retrieved on 2012-07-27. A claim that experiments by Marcel Brass and Patrick Haggard in 2007 demonstrate "free won't", supporting the idea humans control their decisions.
Tim Black (Spring 2004). Lecture XIII: Mental Causation/Consciousness. Philosophy of Mind and Metaphysics. California State University, Northridge. Retrieved on 2012-08-25. A lecture outlining various positions on how the mind might cause a change in a material body.
Tiago V Maia, Axel Cleeremans (August 2005). "Consciousness: converging insights from connectionist modeling and neuroscience". TRENDS in cognitive science 9 (8). DOI:10.1016/j.tics.2005.06.016. Research Blogging.
"...working memory and cognitive control involve competition between widely distributed representations. This competition is biased by top-down projections (notably from prefrontal cortex), which can selectively enhance some representations over others." Other links found here.
This page was last modified 11:57, 1 September 2012.