text:
Commercial Tires
Consumer Tires
Tire Talk with Mike
Joy Riding
Tire Dealer of the Year
Current Issue January
PREMIUM CONTENT FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY
SubscribeDigital EditionOnline Edition
Exclusive: What's Ahead for Tire Pricing and Tariffs
Exclusive: 3 Top Issues Tire Dealers Should Track in 2022
TPMS Instructions: Acura RLX (Except Hybrid) 2016-2020
Continuous Tweaking Helps Biscan Hit Seven Figures
Decoding the Value of D2C - Why Direct-to-Consumer Businesses Are Fetching Top Dollar
How to Be Debt-Free in 2022
Sell-Out Trends Inched Upward as 2021 Ended
Home » Hankook: More market share!
Commercial Business Retail Suppliers Wholesale Distribution
Hankook: More market share!
In photo: Shawn Denlein, left, senior vice president of sales, and Byeong Jin Lee, president, say the new Ventus S1 noble2 ultra-high performance all-season tire is the major product launch for Hankook Tire America Corp. this year.
"In the long-term, we want to have 12% to 15% market share in North America." That was the key point Hyun Bum Cho, chief marketing officer of Hankook Tire Co. Ltd., delivered to Hankook Tire America Corp. dealers who gathered in Cancun, Mexico, last month for the company's annual dealer meeting.
Cho's candid presentation set a positive tone for the dealer meeting. Cho said he currently believes Hankook has about 5% share of market in the United States.
His company has been adding capacity at a rate of 5% to 6% per annum, which he believes is well above the industry average. Cho also said the company is 80% certain it will build a plant soon in the U.S, and it is talking with various state governments in this regard.
Cho pointed out that Hankook views original equipment tire placements as very crucial to growth and to building Hankook's brand. He told dealers that OE fitments are a better investment than running a $250 million consumer advertising campaign for brand development.
New OE fitments are in the works, with the company interested in "German premium car fitments to increase our shares. We want to be a global brand and want drivers to use our tires. We do not want to be a niche (Ferrari) tire maker."
Cho ended his remarks with a bold statement of intended growth: "We will become a global brand, and I might sound cocky, but I truly believe this."
The Hankook meeting, which was attended by roughly 200 people from 65 dealerships in the U.S. and another 11 dealerships from Canada, took place shortly after the parent company had posted corporate sales of $6.4 billion for 2012, a 13.7% increase over 2011. Overall, the company had operating income of $836.8 million, up 65.7% from 2011.
Shawn Denlein, Hankook Tire America's senior vice president of sales, was also upbeat in his comments to dealers. He said the company just had a 20% sales increase to $1.2 billion in 2012; the company also increased its market share.
Denlein said the company has set the following goals for 2013:
1. deciding on the U.S. plant;
2. enhancing the company's "One" dealer program — although no details are being revealed at this time;
3. increasing Hankook's share of market to 5.4%; and
4. increasing sales to $1.4 billion.
The company is investing heavily in the launch of its Ventus S1 noble2 ultra-high performance all-season tire. The tire debuted at the 2012 SEMA (Specialty Equipment Market Association) Show, but it wouldn't become available to dealers until March 2013. The tire is W-rated, and will be available in 40 16- through 20-inch, 30- to 55-series sizes. The line has a UTQG rating of 500/AA/A.
Hankook is also looking to increase its presence in the winter tire market. It is launching a Winter i*cept iZ T-rated tire in 14- to 18-inch rim diameters. The studless tire will come in 24 sizes.
The company also announced a second winter tire, the Winter i*Pike RS performance tire. It is T-rated and will come in 13- to 18-inch rim diameters with widths of 45- to 75-series. This studdable tire will come in 37 sizes.
Denlein echoed Cho's comments about OE fitments. He pointed out a strong partnership with Ford and Lincoln brands in the U.S., along with Hyundai, Kia, VW, Chevrolet, GMC and Chrysler vehicles.
In a private meeting with MTD, Denlein said OE fitments currently represent about 35% of Hankook's total business in the U.S. The intent of the company is to keep the ratio at this level.
Hankook is continuing to expand its "behind the plate" signage program with major league baseball teams. Denlein announced that Hankook will be at 28 different ballparks, with the new additions for 2013 being the Boston Red Sox and the Chicago White Sox. Continuing with sports marketing, Hankook is sponsoring "Fox College Football" and "NFL on Fox" on television to deliver its consumer message.
Denlein said the further addition of court-side signage at NCAA basketball events will help the company target younger consumers.
Hankook is still working out the details for distribution of its new value-driven brand, Kingstar, which gives the company three brands (Hankook and Aurora are the other two). Current Hankook dealers can purchase Kingstar from the warehouse, but the company is evaluating the distribution of it to see who will be best to carry the brand.
Commercial Tire Group
Turning to the truck tire side of the business, Brian Sheehey, director of sales and marketing for Hankook's Commercial Tire Group, discussed new OE fitments at Freightliner Trucks (a division of Daimler Trucks North America LLC), Navistar Inc. and Blue Bird Corp. Even as the company grows its OE fitment business, Sheehey was quick to state that "we are not going to ship tires from replacement to OEM."
Sheehey said the company has three goals for the commercial business in 2013. The first is to increase personnel by 50% in sales, thus allowing the company to develop closer relationships with customers.
Secondly, the company wants to increase its growth through its dealers, and lastly, it wants to have a 30-day back order fulfillment.
The company announced several new truck tires. The DL12 is a multi-application drive tire due out late this year. The AH15 and AM15 tires feature rib and all-position designs, respectively. The other two are size 445/50R22.5 wide-base tires: the DL07 and TL07. ■
A 36-year veteran of automotive trade publishing, Greg Smith has held various publishing positions at the management level. He has worked extensively on both the editorial and publishing sides of the business and is a recognized expert in the aftermarket and tire industries. As such, he is a frequent speaker at many industry events. He has traveled internationally as an advocate for the industries he serves.
Currently as publisher of Modern Tire Dealer, Greg is responsible for the brand's business operations. MTD is where Greg got his start, and through most of the last three decades, has led it to tire market prominence.
To support education in the tire industry, Greg leads MTD in its sponsorship of the Tire Industry Association's Certified Instructor Training Tour, a program designed to train the trainer in proper safety and step-by-step procedures for proper wheel installation. As further reinforcement, Greg created the Performance Handbook, a how-to publication on proper ways to mount, balance and work with performance tires.
To help recognize outstanding tire dealers, Greg helped establish the MTD Dealer of the Year award over 20 years ago. The award provides a deserving tire dealer with recognition for accomplishments both within the industry and in the dealer's local community.
Greg helped launch Auto Service Professional magazine in 2010. The primary focus of Auto Service Professional is to provide high-level information to an audience of more than 150,000 automotive professional technicians whether they are business owners or technicians.
From his early years in the market, Greg has been active participating on industry committees and boards. Among the early ones were APAA and ASIA, and has since participated in AWDA, SEMA, NTDRA, TIA and TANA.
Recent Articles by Greg Smith
OTR Conference: AI, Tire/Equipment Connectivity and More Will Impact Dealers
But Wait – There's More! Musings on Ulrich, Manges and M&A Activities
Sailun Showcases All-Season Touring and LT Tires, Discusses Next Growth Steps
Podcast: How to Manage Online Reviews
Goodyear Names New Senior Director of Investor Relations
Pirelli Makes P Zero for Electric Ford Mustang
Truck OEMs Taking 'Cautious Approach,' Says ACT Research
Nominate a Candidate for MTD's Tire Dealer of the Year Award
MTD Community
About 10 Missions Media LLC
AUTO JOB CENTRAL
Auto Service Professional
FENDERBENDER
NOLN
Ratchet+Wrench
© 2022. 10 Missions Media, LLC. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Movie Review | Ali | 22nd May 2013
I've seen my fair share of wedding movies over the years but the damn things all melt into one in my head afterwards. Once you've established your wacky line-up of one-note characters, the screenplay practically writes itself. Having forced myself to sit through marital comedy The Big Wedding, I thought I'd take a similar approach with my review and just write an exhaustive list of every single wedding cliché I spotted. That's the bare minimum, but in this genre, the bare minimum is all you need.
Movie Review | Rob | 8th December 2011
New Year's Eve; the one night of the year when you feel obliged to have fun, but if truth be told, you usually can't be arsed. Fittingly, that's how Garry Marshall's follow-up to Valentine's Day makes you feel.
Killers poster: I want you both to die
Movie News | Ali | 12th April 2010
Behold the new poster and the latest trailer for Killers: the 'hit' romantic comedy that proves Osama and friends were right about the West all along.
Killers trailer aka Two Lousy Shitheads In A Hitman Comedy
Movie Trailer | Ali | 11th February 2010
Who needs Mr. And Mrs. Smith when you've got Katherine Heigl and Ashton Kutcher? I literally couldn't have screen-capped this any better. "DURRRRR!" I hope she blows her own head off.
Movie Review | Ali | 2nd August 2009
Put down that well-thumbed copy of Cosmo, gentlemen: here we have a rom-com that finally promises to preach 'the truth' about love. Thank goodness! It's a well-known fact that, until Richard Curtis invented the romantic comedy, men and women didn't have the first clue how to pro-create - they basically just walked around with th...
Movie Review | Ali | 2nd April 2008
Romantic comedies like 27 Dresses are the filmic equivalents of fashion magazines that devote whole pages to pictures of pretty people wearing expensive outfits - the star and the clothes are the real draw here, the movie itself is almost an afterthought. You may or may not care that Katherine Heigl plays a perennial bridesmaid ...
Movie Review | Ali | 5th September 2007
Comedy is the most fickle of genres - so many comedians have been called the Next Big Thing� only to be outed as one trick ponies a few films down the line. There's a constant shift in comedy that swirls round every few years and it looks like 2007 is a time for change; Ben Stiller is looking more like a monkey than ever; Will...
Movie Review | Ali | 3rd April 2006
It's Saturday night, you've got an hour or so to kill before you go out; what else are you going to do but crack open a few beers and watch the Disabled Commonwealth Games? I assumed that watching disabled competitors would humble my able ass - these guys have no use of their legs/arms/eyes [delete as applicable] and yet they s...
"I just feel like everyone tries to do something different, but you always wind up doing the same damn thing." The Beach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


First of All i want to thanks ALL the members of the FB group (Symbian Touch Screen (s60v5 and s'3) users Tambayan) where i am a member and admin. thanks guyzz for boosting up my knowledge in terms modification. you help me a lot in this release guyzzz!
I am planning to try this CFW on my 5800, any bugs noted so far?
what of nokia 5230 rm588?


text:
The Essential Directors
The Art and Impact of Cinema's Most Influential Filmmakers
Sloan De Forest
From Turner Classic Movies, this is the essential guide to all the must-know detail on the style, achievements, and landmark films of the most influential directors in cinema history from the silent era through the 1970s.
For well over a century, those who create motion pictures have touched our hearts and souls; they have transported and transformed our minds, intoxicated and entranced our senses. One artist's vision is the single most prominent force behind the scenes: the director. The Essential Directors illuminates the unseen forces behind some of the most notable screen triumphs from the aesthetic peak of silent cinema through the New Hollywood of the 1970s. Considering each artist's influence on the medium, cultural impact, and degree of achievement, Turner Classic Movies presents a compendium of Hollywood's most influential filmmakers, with profiles offering history and insight on the filmmaker's narrative style, unique touches, contributions to the medium, key films, and distinctive movie moments to watch for. The work of these game-changing artists is illustrated throughout by more than 200 full-color and black-and-white photographs.
In The Essential Directors you'll read how Cecil B. DeMille revamped religion to define an era, and how Oscar Micheaux broke barriers to become the most influential Black filmmaker of the 1920s. You'll marvel at the efficient artistry of "One-Take Woody" Van Dyke and fall in love again with the sophisticated studio-era classics
of George Cukor. You'll gain insight into how women like Dorothy Arzner and Ida Lupino built thriving careers in an industry ruled by men and discover what drove Mike Nichols to mix comedy with tragedy, becoming the highest-paid director of his day in the the process. The Essential Directors presents the work of these game-changing artists and dozens more in this stunning volume.
Sloan De Forest:
Sloan De Forest is an actress, film historian, and the author of Turner Classic Movies: Must-See Sci-fi and Dynamic Dames. She lives in Hollywood, CA.
Turner Classic Movies is the definitive resource for the greatest movies of all time. We entertain and enlighten to show how the entire spectrum of classic movies, movie history, and movie-making touches us all and influences how we think and live today.
Publisher Name Running Press
Imprint Running Press Adult
Publication Date Nov 23, 2021
Biography & Memoir » Biography & non-fiction prose » Biography: general » Biography: arts & entertainment
The Arts » Performing arts » Films, cinema
The Arts » Performing arts » Films, cinema » Film history, theory & criticism
The Arts » Performing arts » Films, cinema » Individual film directors, film-makers
The Arts » Performing arts » Films, cinema » Film guides & reviews


text:
Our Pastor and Staff
Facilities Policy
September 2022 at the United Methodist Church of Santa Cruz
September 1, 2022 /in News /by Trish Neilsen
Welcome to the United Methodist Church of Santa Cruz, as we seek to be faithful to God by being fully inclusive. We have open hearts, open minds, and open doors. Join us as we deepen our resolve to share love generously. This is a time for sharing the love of Jesus Christ with our neighbors and the world as we grow deeply in our faith.
Join us as we Worship in September.
We remain committed to offering a healthy and safe ministry in the midst of this COVID Pandemic, offering Hybrid Worship and Hybrid/Zoom Small Groups. Check out our website for the latest information, and "Like Us" on Facebook! Donate to the Kentucky Flood Relief via Pay Pal on our website.
Whoever you are and wherever you are on your spiritual journey, you are welcome to grow with us.
September 4th – Communion – Jeremiah 18:1-11
Imagine yourself being shaped by the Beloved into the best possible human being!!! How are you shaping up to be the spiritual image God intended? Work with God to help shape the broken pieces of our world into a beautiful mosaic of loving possibilities! Help address the atrocities of our current age . . . and bring to completion what God envisioned for the world . . .
September 11th – Luke 15:1-10
Imagine being able to reimage the world after 'The Fall' (i.e. 911). How might you be imaging the world since that time? How are you being the change you desire to experience in the world? Are you finding joy by sweeping away the destructive nature of our current world evils . . . and finding your passion for the lost and broken realities we are living? Join with others to creation a celebrate of a world restored!
Imagine yourself as one of the characters in this parable. Remember that each character, like us, has a redeeming side and a shadow side! Do you find yourself serving two masters . . . and who are they? What are the changes you are willing to make to become "spiritually solid" . . . and how will you help make the necessary changes in our world that will welcome grace?
September 25th – Luke 16:19-31
Imagine yourself once again as a character in this parable. Whom do you identify most? Are you leading with your spiritual senses, and practicing your faith from the very depths of your soul? Are you working to have your ego be 'less onery', and allowing your spiritual light to shine? Practice peace.
May we find the welcoming place of God as we invite others to share in this journey of the Spirit!
https://umcsantacruz.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/090422_Picture1Potter.jpg 338 602 Trish Neilsen https://umcsantacruz.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/UMCSC-Rainbos-Logo-med.png Trish Neilsen2022-09-01 17:21:002022-09-01 17:22:27September 2022 at the United Methodist Church of Santa Cruz
United Methodist Church Links
El Camino Real District UMC
California Nevada Conference UMC
Western Jurisdiction UMC
United Methodist Church Info
Reconciling Ministries Network
The UMC Committee on Relief
January 2023 at the United Methodist Church of Santa CruzDecember 27, 2022 - 1:43 pm
Advent and Christmas at the United Methodist Church of Santa CruzNovember 26, 2022 - 6:06 pm
November 2022 at the United Methodist Church of Santa CruzNovember 4, 2022 - 4:00 pm
October 2022 at the United Methodist Church of Santa CruzSeptember 28, 2022 - 3:46 pm
September 2022 at the United Methodist Church of Santa CruzSeptember 1, 2022 - 5:21 pm
Donate to the Church
© Copyright - United Methodist Church of Santa Cruz
August 2022 at the United Methodist Church of Santa Cruz October 2022 at the United Methodist Church of Santa Cruz


What does harassment look and feel like? How can you safely intervene?
Join Debjani Roy and Agunda Okeyo, Bystander Intervention Program educators & trainers at Hollaback!, and Yasmin Safdié, Senior Manager of Organizing and Advocacy at the New York City Anti-Violence Project, in an intersectional, LGBTQi-inclusive discussion about what being a 'good bystander' means, and the work that is being done to monitor hate groups and hate crimes in America.


This property specifies the format of the name that the PostgreSQL plug-in assigns to auto-discovered PostgreSQL Table and vPostgreSQL Table table types.
The auto-discovered name of the table.
To use a different naming convention, define postgresql.table.name.format. The variable data you use must be available from the PostgreSQL plug-in.
The table name in PostgreSQL.


So there's the soothing blue above, and the bright, spring inspired pink below!
This entry was posted in Bed Posts, Decorating, Home DIY and Decor and tagged bed, bedlinen, bedroom, blue, bohemian, boho, bright, cat, Cats, color, colour, cushion, decor, decorating, diy, fabric, floral, flowers, furniture, home, home decor, house, inspiration, interior, interiors, op shop, op shopping, paisley, patchwork, pillow, Pink, second hand, thrift, thrift store, thrifted, thrifting, upcycle, upcycled, upcycling, vintage. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Dating true hermaphrodites ethiopia
Various compounds, including hashish and hash oil, are extracted from the plant. as a wild or escaped variety of the high-intoxicant type.The first pair of leaves usually have a single leaflet, the number gradually increasing up to a maximum of about thirteen leaflets per leaf (usually seven or nine), depending on variety and growing conditions. This classification was based on several factors including interfertility, chromosome uniformity, chemotype, and numerical analysis of phenotypic characters. According to Schultes' and Anderson's descriptions, C.
Linnaeus was familiar with European hemp, which was widely cultivated at the time. Additional Cannabis species were proposed in the 19th century, including strains from China and Vietnam (Indo-China) assigned the names Cannabis chinensis Delile, and Cannabis gigantea Delile ex Vilmorin. ruderalis Janisch, and Cannabis ruderalis Janisch, as alternative names. kafiristanica Vav., and ruderal populations in Europe to C. However, hemp can refer to any industrial or foodstuff product that is not intended for use as a drug.In 1545 cannabis spread to the western hemisphere where Spaniards imported it to Chile for its use as fiber. Cannabis is used to reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, to improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS, and to treat chronic pain and muscle spasms.In North America cannabis, in the form of hemp, was grown for use in rope, clothing and paper. In 1940, Russian botanists Serebriakova and Sizov proposed a complex classification in which they also recognized C. The term hemp is used to name the durable soft fiber from the Cannabis plant stem (stalk).Cannabis has long been used for hemp fibre, for hemp oils, for medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug.
Industrial hemp products are made from cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fiber.
To satisfy the UN Narcotics Convention, some cannabis strains have been bred to produce minimal levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive constituent.
Dating true hermaphrodites ethiopia comments
Why northern Europeans are taller than. - Gene Expression
In part, genes. Luke Jostins reported this from a conference last year, so not too surprising. Evidence of widespread selection on standing variation in Europe at height-associated SNPs. Let me jump to the summary In summary, we have provided an empirical example of widespread weak selection on.…
Ossetian boys. This post needs to published mostly to clarify some issues in relation to terminology. The genetics is moving fast, and people are going to get overwhelmed.…
sundaytimes dating buzz -
japanese dating trends -
Legitamate online sex sites -


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
As the demand for advanced wireless communications rapidly rises, such as supporting high transmission speed, low latency, and massive connectivity, it is important to secure available spectrum resources. In this sense, efficient and flexible spectrum management systems that can help utilize unoccupied and under-utilized spectrum resources are needed. A radio dynamic zone (RDZ) is an area or a volume with automatic spectrum management mechanisms that control electromagnetic energy entering, escaping, or occupying the zone. RDZs can help develop, test, and improve spectrum technologies in the future. In an RDZ, spectrum should be monitored and controlled in real-time to share the spectrum resources with incumbent users outside of the zone~\cite{NSF_SIINRDZ_Solicitation,9814648}.

Spectrum sensing and monitoring across the whole RDZ volume is challenging and complicated, as it is not feasible to deploy sensor nodes at every location across a large RDZ area. However, spectrum measurements obtained at sparsely located sensor nodes can be a reasonable approach for monitoring spectrum occupancy across an RDZ. For example, in~\cite{yilmaz2013radio}, radio environment maps (REMs) have been used for monitoring the coverage of cellular networks. In~\cite{sato2017kriging,7542153}, Kriging has been studied to spatially interpolate the signal power by using spectrum measurements from nearby locations. In~\cite{xue2014cooperative,jin2018privacy,thilina2013machine}, cooperative and crowd-sourced spectrum sensing have been investigated. In \cite{maeng2021out}, a signal leakage power monitoring technique is proposed for RDZs using sparsely deployed ground sensor nodes.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{post_processing_block_diagram.pdf}
	\caption{Block diagram for  post-processing of LTE I/Q samples collected at an SDR that is carried by a UAV.}\label{fig:block_diagram}
\end{figure}

In order to have real-time volumetric spectrum awareness in an RDZ, it is critical to understand the propagation characteristics throughout that RDZ, such as time, frequency, and spatial correlation  for various communications scenarios, transmitter/receiver configurations, and environmental conditions. In particular, an accurate understanding of the characteristics of air-to-ground channel propagation is critical to generate a real-time and volumetric radio map for spectrum monitoring. In the literature, \cite{8108204} measures and models air-to-ground path loss at an open rural area with 5 different heights from 20~m to 100~m using a cellular smartphone-mounted UAV, and Qualipoc software is used to obtain reference signal received power (RSRP). In \cite{8369158}, The LTE uplink cellular network is tested and analyzed by using a UAV carrying a smartphone with QualiPoc software from Rohde \& Schwarz at two heights, 1.5~m, and 100~m. In \cite{8746290}, two different heights of smartphone-mounted UAVs are used to collect measurements from public LTE networks. Three different measurement software, namely, Keysight NEMO Outdoor, Rohde \& Schwarz QualiPoc, and InfoVista TEMS are utilized to obtain four different key parameters of interest (KPIs):  physical resource blocks (PRBs) utilization, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level, throughput, and transmit power. Data collected through such commercial smartphone software is limited to the set of KPIs that are supported by those software and it is not possible to extract any additional information. Collecting raw I/Q samples in the desired band and frequency of interest would allow flexibility to extract any KPIs and test new approaches for receiver processing.

In this paper, we propose AERIQ: a software-defined radio (SDR) based I/Q measurement and analysis framework that is flexible, repeatable, and provides raw I/Q samples for post-processing the data to extract various KPIs. We conduct  experiments at the NSF Aerial Experimentation and Research Platform for Advanced Wireless (AERPAW) Lake Wheeler Field Labs site~\cite{marojevic2020advanced} in an open rural area. Using SDRs, we collect I/Q data with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) flying at various different altitudes in an RDZ-like outdoor environment, from a 4G LTE eNB that we configure to operate at 3.51 GHz. Using the raw I/Q samples, and using Matlab's LTE Toolbox, we provide a step-by-step description for the following post-processing stages of an aerial receiver: frequency offset estimation/correction, synchronization, cell search, channel estimation, and RSRP calculation (see Fig.~\ref{fig:block_diagram}).
We provide various representative results for each step, such as RSRP measurements and corresponding analytical approximation at different UAV altitudes and the coherence bandwidth of the channel at different UAV altitudes and link distances.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section~\ref{sec:measurement_campaign}, we describe a measurement environment and setup and elaborate on a UAV architecture and trajectory design. In Section~\ref{sec:CFO_est}, we evaluate estimated carrier frequency offset (CFO) in different RSRP levels. In Section~\ref{sec:TO_Cellsearch}, timing offset (TO) detection and the cell search process are carried out using LTE synchronization sequences. In Section~\ref{sec:chan_est}, we show the estimated frequency channel response obtained by cell-specific reference signals (CRSs) in different heights and RSRPs. In Section~\ref{sec:RSRP}, we analyze and fit RSRPs with different heights by two-ray path loss model and antenna radiation patterns. In Section~\ref{sec:coh_bw}, the coherence bandwidth with different heights is shown, which is obtained by the channel estimation results. In Section~\ref{sec:spatial_cor}, we analyze and fit shadowing components and spatial correlation. In Section~\ref{sec:conclusion}, we summarize the air-to-ground channel measurements and analysis results.

\section{Measurement Campaign} \label{sec:measurement_campaign}

In the following subsection, we first briefly review the concept of RDZs and describe conducted experiments to measure and analyze the channel propagation between the transmitter on the ground and the aerial sensor node. Fig.~\ref{fig:block_diagram} describes how I/Q samples from measurements are proceeded by a block diagram in AERIQ. First, the CFO is estimated by a cyclic prefix (CP). Then, the timing offset and the physical cell identities (PCIs) are jointly estimated by the correlation of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS). After PCI is obtained, CRSs can be extracted and they are used in the channel estimation and the RSRP calculation.

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{NRDZ_illu.pdf}
	\caption{The illustration of an RDZ with aerial and ground sensors and users. The experiments carried out within an RDZ should not interfere with the users outside of the RDZ.}\label{fig:illu_RDZ}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Measurement Environment}

Before we describe our measurement setup, we will first overview our measurement environment. In this work, we consider an RDZ-like outdoor environment for advanced wireless and UAV experimentation as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:illu_RDZ} and Fig.~\ref{fig:exp_site}. RDZs are the geographical areas where the spectrum is monitored continuously to facilitate spectrum sharing with other transmissions within and outside of the RDZ. To achieve that, spectrum sensing results across the RDZ and in the frequencies of interest are aggregated at a central processing unit, to determine whether the signal leakage from the zone results in interference problems with licensed receivers outside and potentially inside the RDZ. For instance, if the signal leakage power level at the boundary of an RDZ exceeds a predefined threshold level, a transmission inside the zone is automatically terminated.
For continuous spectrum monitoring in the 3D space, ground and aerial spectrum sensor nodes are deployed in RDZ. In this paper, we consider measurements at one such monitoring node that is carried at a UAV at different altitudes.

\subsection{Measurement Setup}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{AERPAW_site.pdf}
	\caption{AERPAW's Lake Wheeler Field Labs site where air-to-ground I/Q samples have been collected.}\label{fig:exp_site}
\end{figure}
The measurement campaign is executed at the NSF AERPAW Lake Wheeler Road Field Labs site in Raleigh NC, USA, which is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:exp_site}. A fixed BS tower with a single dipole transmit antenna is deployed, and the flying UAV is equipped with a vertically oriented single dipole receiver antenna and a GPS receiver. LTE eNB is realized by the srsRAN open-source SDR software at the BS tower that transmits the LTE downlink signal. The SDR is mounted on the UAV to collect raw I/Q data samples. The UAV collects 20~ms segments of data out of every 100 ms, and out of that recording, and extracts a full LTE frame that is of length 10~ms. In other words, in every 100 ms, we capture one full LTE frame. The SDR of USRP B205mini from NI is adopted at both the tower and the UAV. The detailed specifications of the BS tower and the UAV receiver are listed in Table~I.

\subsection{UAV Architecture and Trajectory}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{drone_architecture.png}
	\caption{Illustration of the AERPAW UAV  that carries a portable node including an SDR~\cite{funderburk2022aerpaw}.}\label{fig:drone_architecture}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{trajectory.pdf}
	\caption{Trajectory and RSRP at UAV altitude of  70 m.}\label{fig:trajectory}
\end{figure}

In the experiments, we use a custom built UAV that carries a portable node as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:drone_architecture}~\cite{funderburk2022aerpaw}. The portable node includes an NI USRP B205mini SDR that executes a Python script~\cite{AERPAW_site} to collect I/Q samples at the desired center frequency with the desired sampling rate.
The UAV that carries the portable node flies on a predesigned trajectory at a fixed height. In particular, the UAV moves on a \emph{zig-zag} path through the experiment site and flies back to the starting position. The flights are conducted multiple times by increasing the height of the UAV (30~m, 50~m, 70~m, 90~m, 110~m), following an identical horizontal trajectory at each altitude. As an example, the UAV trajectory at an altitude of 70~m as well as the RSRP observed at each UAV location is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:trajectory}.

\begin{table}[t]
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\caption{Measurement Setup for Experiments}
\label{table:settings}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lc}
\hline
\textbf{BS Tower (Transmitter)} \\
\hline
Technology & LTE\\
Tower height & 10~m\\
Transmit power & 10~dBm\\
Carrier frequency & 3.51~GHz\\
Bandwidth & 1.4~MHz\\
Antenna & Dipole antenna (RM-WB1)\\
\hline
\hline
\textbf{UAV (Receiver)} \\
\hline
Antenna & Dipole antenna (SA-1400-5900)\\
UAV heights & \{30,~50,~70,~90,~110\}~m\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace{-0.15in}
\end{table}

\subsection{Altitude and Speed of the UAV by GPS Reading}

\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{altitude.pdf}
	\caption{Altitude of the UAV from GPS logs versus time  for the five different experiments.}\label{fig:altitude}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{UAV_speed.pdf}
	\caption{UAV speed versus time from GPS logs at UAV altitude 70~m.}\label{fig:UAV_speed}
\end{figure}

During the flight, the UAV flies up to the predefined altitude and flies horizontally at that altitude until landing. Fig.~\ref{fig:altitude} shows the change of the UAV altitude versus time for experiments at  different altitudes, which is obtained from the log of the GPS mounted on the UAV. Fig.~\ref{fig:UAV_speed} shows the UAV speed during the flight. The UAV speed can be obtained by the GPS locations and timestamps. It is shown that the UAV flies with constant speed and the UAV quickly slows down the speed when it changes direction at a certain waypoint, and it quickly recovers the speed right after that.

The GPS logs give information on the timestamp, the latitude, the longitude, and the altitude during flights, which is used to generate the UAV trajectory in Fig.~\ref{fig:trajectory} as well.

After we collect raw I/Q samples from the experiments, we process data to analyze the characteristic of the channel propagation by using MATLAB LTE Toolbox~\cite{LTE_Toolbox,vasudeva2020vehicular}. The post-processing includes cell ID search,  synchronization, and channel estimation as well as obtaining the RSRP.

\section{Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation}\label{sec:CFO_est}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\subfloat[70 m height at 380 s (70~m, RSRP high).]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{CFO_corr_1.pdf}}

        \subfloat[70 m height at 520 s (70~m, RSRP low).]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{CFO_corr_2.pdf}}
	\caption{Moving correlation with CP length window for 1 slot length (7 OFDM symbols, 0.5 ms). The peak position indicates the starting of the CP.}\label{fig:CFO_corr}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{cfo_est.pdf}
	\caption{Estimated CFO (fracton of subcarrier spacing) versus time at UAV altitude of 70~m.}\label{fig:CFO_est}
\end{figure}

The CFO can occur from the instability of the oscillators between Tx and Rx, or Doppler shift(s) that occur due to the velocity difference between a transmitter and a receiver. In an LTE system, the CFO can be estimated in the time-domain waveform by using the CP, which is the repeated version of the fraction of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols attached in front of the OFDM symbols. The time-domain OFDM signal of the CP with CFO can be represented as follows:
\begin{align}
    y[n]&=x[n]e^{j2\pi n\delta/N},
\end{align}
where $\delta$, $N$ denotes CFO and the number of subcarriers. Note that the unit for the CFO $\delta$ is subcarrier spacing. The repeated OFDM signal corresponding to the CP is given by
\begin{align}
    y[n+N]&=x[n+N]e^{j2\pi (n+N)\delta/N}=x[n]e^{j2\pi\delta + j2\pi n\delta/N}.
\end{align}
The CFO can be obtained by the correlation between CP and the corresponding OFDM symbol, as
\begin{align}\label{eq:cfo_est}
    \hat{\delta}&=\frac{1}{2\pi}\arg\left(\frac{1}{{\rm L}_{\rm cp}}\sum_{n=0}^{{\rm L}_{\rm cp}-1}x[n]^{\star}x[n+N]\right),
\end{align}
where ${\rm L}_{\rm cp}$ is the length of the CP and $(\cdot)^{\star}$ indicates the complex conjugate operation.

We use collected LTE I/Q samples from experiments to evaluate the reliability of the CFO estimation. We consider the I/Q  measurements at the UAV altitude of 70~m for evaluation. Fig.~\ref{fig:CFO_corr} shows the $N$-shifted moving auto-correlation of the time-domain received signal with the ${\rm L}_{\rm cp}$ window size for 1 slot length to estimate the CFO $\delta$. The peak position indicates the starting of the CP. We show the correlations at two different UAV locations, where the  RSRP is high and low, as marked in Fig.~\ref{fig:RSRP_time_all}. It is observed that the correlation peaks for each OFDM symbol are clearly visible at high RSRP, while they are not as easy to distinguish at low RSRP.

Fig.~\ref{fig:CFO_est} shows the estimated CFO versus time using \eqref{eq:cfo_est} at the UAV altitude of 70~m in Fig.~\ref{fig:trajectory} and Fig.~\ref{fig:altitude}. It is observed that the estimated CFO ($\hat{\delta}$) fluctuates between -0.13 and -0.09 during a whole flight, which shows that the trend of the estimated CFO is matched with the contant UAV speed in Fig.~\ref{fig:UAV_speed}, while high sparks are also observed many times, which results from the estimation error at low RSRP. The estimated CFO is compensated before the timing synchronization and cell search stage which is dicusssed in next section.

\section{Timing Offset Detection and Cell Search}\label{sec:TO_Cellsearch}
\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\subfloat[Correlation by PSS (RSRP high, 70~m, 380 s).]{\includegraphics[width=0.46\textwidth]{PSS_corr_1.pdf}}

        \subfloat[Correlation with both  PSS, SSS subframe 0, 5 (RSRP high, 70~m, 380 s).]{\includegraphics[width=0.46\textwidth]{SSS_corr_1.pdf}}

        \subfloat[Correlation by PSS (RSRP low, 70~m, 520 s).]{\includegraphics[width=0.46\textwidth]{PSS_corr_2.pdf}}

        \subfloat[Correlation with both PSS and SSS subframe 0, 5 (RSRP low, 70~m, 520 s).]{\includegraphics[width=0.46\textwidth]{SSS_corr_2.pdf}}
	\caption{The correlation of synchronization sequences to detect the timing offset at high RSRP ((a) and (b)) and low RSRP ((c) and (d)) locations.}\label{fig:sync_corr}
\end{figure}

The time offset from the received signal can be detected by using LTE synchronization sequences:  PSS and SSS. The PSS is generated from Zadoff–Chu sequences and the SSS is designed using M-sequences, both of which have good auto-correlation properties~\cite{sesia2011lte}. The correlation peak location indicates the position of the received PSS and SSS, both of which are always carried at the first slot of subframes 0 and 5 within a frame for FDD-based LTE transmission. Timing offset can be found by the correlation of PSS as well as the combination of the correlation of the PSS, the SSS subframe 0, and subframe 5 to improve the accuracy of the detection. More specifically, individual correlations of the incoming received signal with the PSS and the SSS subframe 0, and subframe 5 can be added to improve the detection performance. The correlation of the SSS subframe 5 is cyclic-shifted to align with the SSS subframe 0 correlation when three different correlations are summed. The timing offset detection from synchronization signals can be expressed as
\begin{align}
    \hat{m}&=\arg\max_{m}\left(\frac{1}{{\rm L}_{\rm ss}}\sum_{n=0}^{{\rm L}_{\rm ss}-1}y[n+m]s[n]^{\star}\right),
\end{align}
where $s[n]$ and ${\rm L}_{\rm ss}$ denote the synchronization signal and the length of the synchronization signal, respectively. Note that while we consider non-coherent detection for both the PSS and the SSS in this work, the SSS can be  detected by coherent detection as well as discussed in~\cite[Ch.~7]{sesia2011lte}.

The PSS and SSS distinguish 504 unique PCIs, which can be estimated by the combination of two different ID groups from PSS and SSS. The physical layer ID 0 - 2 is given by the PSS, and another physical layer group ID 0 - 167 is provided by the SSS. Among all possible physical layer ID cases, the physical layer ID that achieves the highest correlation peak of the synchronization signals is chosen as the correct physical layer ID. The PCI (${\rm N}_{\rm pci}$) is estimated by
\begin{align}
    \hat{{\rm N}}_{\rm pci}&= \hat{{\rm N}}_{\rm ID}^{\rm pss} + 3\hat{{\rm N}}_{\rm ID}^{\rm sss},\label{Eq:PCI}
\end{align}
where $\hat{{\rm N}}_{\rm ID}^{\rm pss}$, $\hat{{\rm N}}_{\rm ID}^{\rm sss}$ indicate the estimated physical layer ID and group ID, from the PSS and the SSS, respectively.

Fig.~\ref{fig:sync_corr} shows the correlation of the synchronization sequences to detect the timing offset. We observe correlations at high and low RSRP at 70~m height measurement. We can observe that the peak is relatively high and clear when we find the timing offset combing PSS and SSSs. Furthermore, it is observed that the peaks are detected at low RSRP as well, which implies that the timing offset is properly detected at low RSRP.

\section{Channel Estimation}\label{sec:chan_est}

\begin{figure}[t]

	\hspace{-2mm}\subfloat[70~m height at 380~s (RSRP high)]{\includegraphics[width=0.54\textwidth]{resource_grid_1.pdf}}

        \hspace{-2mm}\subfloat[70~m height at 520~s (RSRP low)]{\includegraphics[width=0.54\textwidth]{resource_grid_2.pdf}}
	\caption{Received signal power in LTE resource grid of duration six subframes and having a bandwidth of 1.08~MHz.}\label{fig:res_grid}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\subfloat[70~m height at 380~s (RSRP high)]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{chan_est_70_2.pdf}\label{fig:chan_est_1}}

        \subfloat[110~m height at  380~s (RSRP high)]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{chan_est_110_2.pdf}\label{fig:chan_est_2}}

        \subfloat[70~m height at 520~s (RSRP low)]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{chan_est_70_3.pdf}\label{fig:chan_est_3}}

        \subfloat[110~m height at 520~s (RSRP low)]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{chan_est_110_3.pdf}\label{fig:chan_est_4}}
	\caption{The estimated channel of 70~m and 110~m height flights at the time that RSRP is low and high.}\label{fig:chan_est}
\end{figure}

After the synchronization and the cell search procedures end, the LTE CRS, which is sparsely allocated in the resource grid, can be extracted in the frequency domain to estimate the channel. The CRS transmitted by a certain eNB is uniquely connected to the PCI of that eNB, calculated in~\eqref{Eq:PCI}. In particular, the CRS location is shifted by $\hat{{\rm N}}_{\rm pci}~\textrm{mod}~6$ in the frequency domain. Moreover, the CRS  for a given cell is generated from a Gold sequence that is uniquely characterized by the PCI of that cell.

The channel coefficients of the CRS locations can be estimated by the least square (LS) method and then channel coefficients of the unknown locations can be interpolated by cubic interpolation~\cite[Ch.~8]{sesia2011lte}. Fig.~\ref{fig:res_grid} shows the received signal power in the frequency domain over the LTE resource grid that has a bandwidth of $1.08$~MHz and is observed over $6$~subframes. It can be seen that the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) is transmitted at subframe 0, the synchronization signals are allocated at subframe 0 and 5, and the CRSs are continuously transmitted across the whole grid with a specific pattern. Note that we set up the experiments so that other LTE data and control channels are not transmitted during flights, which can be observed by the unoccupied resources in the received signal in Fig.~\ref{fig:res_grid}.

The estimated time and frequency domain channel for UAV altitudes of 70~m and 110~m are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:chan_est}. After the UAV reaches the desired height and the UAV is located close to the BS tower, the RSRP is high and the channel in the frequency domain varies only slightly for both altitudes of 70~m and 90~m as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:chan_est_1} and Fig.~\ref{fig:chan_est_2}, respectively. However, when the UAV is far away from the BS tower in Fig.~\ref{fig:chan_est_3} and Fig.~\ref{fig:chan_est_4},  RSRP is low and the channel in both time and frequency domains fluctuate, which is more visible for the 70~m UAV height when compared with the 90~m UAV height.

\section{RSRP Calculation from CRS}\label{sec:RSRP}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{RSRP_time_all.pdf}
	\caption{Change of the RSRP over time at different altitudes.}\label{fig:RSRP_time_all}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\subfloat[Tx antenna (2.6 GHz)]{\includegraphics[width=0.24\textwidth]{ant_pat_tx.pdf}}~
        \subfloat[Rx antenna (2.4 GHz)]{\includegraphics[width=0.24\textwidth]{ant_pat_rx.pdf}}
	\caption{The dipole antenna radiation patterns.}\label{fig:ant_pat}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
	\centering
	\subfloat[30~m height]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{RSRP_PL_30m.pdf}}

        \subfloat[70~m height]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{RSRP_PL_70m.pdf}}

        \subfloat[90~m height]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{RSRP_PL_90m.pdf}}
	\caption{The RSRP fitting using free-space and two-ray path loss models.}\label{fig:RSRP_PL}
\end{figure}

RSRP indicates the average signal strength that is calculated over the CRS and it averages out the effects of interference.  Fig.~\ref{fig:RSRP_time_all} shows the RSRP obtained during the experiments at different UAV altitudes. It is observed that the RSRP changing tendency is similar at all heights, which results from using identical horizontal trajectories for different flights. Because of the pattern of the UAV trajectory, the RSRP increases and decreases multiple times during the flights, based on  the distance between the Tx tower and the UAV. We consider two extremes, 380 seconds and 520 seconds as marked on Fig.~\ref{fig:RSRP_time_all}, to correspond to high-RSRP and low-RSRP locations, respectively. Representative results on CFO estimation, timing offset estimation, received power over the resource grid, and channel estimation have been provided at these two locations earlier in this paper.

We also analyze the measured RSRP by fitting it to different path loss models. In particular, we consider the free-space path loss model and the two-ray path loss model with  3D antenna radiation pattern for the Tx and the Rx. The antenna patterns at the elevation angle domain, which are provided by the antennas specification sheets~\cite{rm_wb1,sa_1400}, are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:ant_pat}. Since the antenna specification sheets do not provide the data at 3.5~GHz carrier frequency that we carried the experiments at, we used radiation patterns from other carrier frequencies available in the specifications.  Since we use dipole antennas for both the Tx and the Rx, the omni-directional antenna radiation can be assumed at the azimuth plane. The two-ray path loss model considers the line-of-sight and the strong ground reflected paths which are combined at the received signal. The two-ray path loss model is given as
\begin{align}\label{eq:PL_two}
    &\mathsf{PL}=\left(\frac{\lambda}{4\pi}\right)^2\nonumber\\
    &\times\left|\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{G}_{\rm bs}(\theta_l)\mathsf{G}_{\rm uav}(\theta_l)}}{d_{\rm 3D}}+\frac{\Gamma(\theta_r)\sqrt{\mathsf{G}_{\rm bs}(\theta_r)\mathsf{G}_{\rm uav}(\theta_r)}e^{-j\Delta\tau}}{r_1+r_2}\right|^2,
\end{align}
where $\mathsf{G}_{\rm bs}(\theta)$, $\mathsf{G}_{\rm uav}(\theta)$, $\lambda$ denote the Tx antenna gain, the Rx antenna gain, and the wave-length, respectively, $\theta_r$ represents ground reflection angle, $\Delta\tau$ indicates the phase difference between two paths, and $\Gamma(\theta_r)$ denotes the ground reflection coefficient that is dependent on the material on the ground. In addition, $d_{\rm 3D}$, $r_1$, $r_2$ respectively represent the LoS distance from Tx to Rx, the distance from Tx to the ground of the ground reflection path, and the distance from the ground to the Rx of the ground reflection path. The fitted curves from the different heights of RSRP measurements are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:RSRP_PL}. It is observed that the fitted path loss curves follow the measured RSRP property for all height measurements. We also observe that the RSRP fluctuation from the ground reflected signal in the two-ray path loss model clearly is captured in 30~m height, while the fluctuation is small in 70~m and 90~m heights. This is because higher height reduces Tx and Rx antenna gains of the ground reflection path.

\section{Coherence Bandwidth Analysis}\label{sec:coh_bw}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{coh_bw.pdf}
	\caption{The coherence bandwidth depends on the 3D distance and the flight height.}\label{fig:coh_bw}
\end{figure}
We calculate the coherence bandwidth during different flights using the estimated channels in Section~\ref{sec:chan_est} and evaluate its dependency on link distance and UAV height. Fig.~\ref{fig:coh_bw} shows the change in the coherence bandwidth. We obtain the coherence bandwidth every 20~ms and rearrange it according to the 3D distance. Then, we apply the moving average with 1000 samples of the window size. The coherence bandwidth is calculated by finding the frequency shift where the frequency correlation coefficient becomes 0.9. The frequency correlation coefficient is calculated as
\begin{align}
    R(\Delta f)&=\frac{1}{M}\sum_{i=1}^{M}H(f_i)H(f_i+\Delta f)^{\star},
\end{align}
where $H(f)$ is the frequency domain channel response, $\Delta f$ indicates the frequency shift, and M is the number of available samples. The obtained frequency correlation coefficient $R(\Delta f)$ is normalized by $R(0)$.

Since we configure 72 subcarriers with 15~kHz subcarrier spacing, the maximum coherence bandwidth is clipped by 1.08~MHz. We observe that the coherence bandwidth decreases as the 3D distance increases. This is because the effect of the multi-path coming from the ground reflection and other objects become stronger as the distance increases. It is also observed that the coherence bandwidth is slightly larger at higher flight heights, especially for small and large link distance regions for this particular experiment.

\section{Shadowing Distribution and Spatial Correlation Analysis}\label{sec:spatial_cor}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{shad_dist.pdf}
	\caption{Probability density function of the shadowing component at 70~m UAV height where it is fitted by Gaussian and left-skewed Gaussian.}\label{fig:shad_dist}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
	\centering
	\subfloat[Correlation of horizontal distance]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{corr_dh.pdf}}

    \subfloat[Correlation of vertical distance]{\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{corr_dv.pdf}}
	\caption{Correlation of horizontal and vertical distance where it is fitted by bi-exponential and exponential functions }\label{fig:corr}
\end{figure}
In this section, we analyze shadowing and spatial correlation in terms of horizontal distance and vertical distance. We obtain the shadowing component from measured RSRP by subtracting Tx power and two-ray path loss, which is obtained from Section~\ref{sec:RSRP}. Fig.~\ref{fig:shad_dist} shows the probability density function (PDF) of the shadowing component which is fitted by Gaussian and left-skewed Gaussian distributions. It is observed that the shadowing component is better fitted to Left-skewed Gaussian compared with Gaussian. The PDF of the skewed Gaussian distribution is given by
\begin{align}\label{eq:skew_Gau}
    f(x)=2\phi\left(\frac{x-\xi}{\omega}\right)\Phi\left(\alpha\left(\frac{x-\xi}{\omega}\right)\right),
\end{align}
where $\phi(\cdot)$ and $\Phi(\cdot)$ indicate the PDF and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of Gaussian distribution, respectively. The parameter $\alpha$ in \eqref{eq:skew_Gau} decides the skewness of the distribution.

We also analyze the spatial correlation as a function of the horizontal and vertical distance between the locations that the RSRP is calculated. Since height is fixed throughout a certain experiment, and the horizontal trajectory is identical for experiments at different UAV altitudes, we can separately generate vertical and horizontal correlation. The correlation between two different location samples $w_{i}$, $w_{j}$ is calculated by
\begin{align}
    R_{i,j}=\frac{(w_{i}-\nu_i)(w_{j}-\nu_j)}{\sigma_{w,i}\sigma_{w,j}},
\end{align}
where $\nu$, $\sigma_{w}$ denote the mean and the standard deviation of the samples. Fig.~\ref{fig:corr} shows the correlation from the measurements, along with the bi-exponential function fit for horizontal distance correlation and  the exponential function fit for the vertical distance correlation. The exponential function correlation model is also known as the Gudmundson model~\cite{gudmundson1991correlation}.
The bi-exponential function is expressed as
\begin{align}\label{eq:corr_dh}
    R(d_{\rm h})=ae^{-b_1d_{\rm h}}+(1-a)e^{-b_2d_{\rm h}},
\end{align}
where $b_1$, $b_2$ are the fitting parameters.

\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we analyze the channel propagation of air-to-ground LTE links using an experimental dataset of raw LTE I/Q samples at 3.51 GHz. We conduct a measurement campaign by using SDR and GPS receivers mounted on UAVs in a rural environment. The UAV sweeps across the experimental area following the predefined fixed-height trajectories. The I/Q data is collected at altitudes ranging from 30~m to 110~m, at identical horizontal trajectories. We process the measured I/Q samples by using MATLAB LTE Toolbox and analyze the synchronization, cell search, channel estimation, and RSRP measurement procedures. We post-process the received signal power by fitting it with a two-ray path loss model considering the Tx and the Rx antenna patterns. We compare and analyze the results at different UAV heights to observe the height-dependent channel characteristics. Our future work includes repeating a similar study using the I/Q data from 5G wireless transmissions.

\section*{Acknowledgement}
This research is supported in part by the NSF award CNS-1939334 and its associated supplement for studying NRDZs.

\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The School offers an incentive for parents wishing to settle at least 3 terms fees in advance at any one time.
The principle is that a family member, or someone else with the consent of the parents, may make an advance payment of fees by depositing a lump sum in the general funds of the School at any time after registration for entry has been made with the School and the registration fee has been accepted. In exchange for the Advance Payment, the School allows a discount in the fees, calculated at compound rates of interest.
See the document below for full details of the scheme or contact the Bursar for a quotation.


Our Values: It is our desire to honor God. Everything we do at WUCC is to build healthy community for the sake of building the Kingdom on earth as in heaven. To this end, we will do God's work with the qualities that we value most: Integrity, Grace, Excellence, Relevance, Authenticity, Passion, Humility, Faith, Inclusivity, Commitment, Joy, and Love.
Our Purpose: To build a Christian community which helps church members grow in faith in order to reach out to others, encouraging all our relationships to become deeply committed Christians through God's grace.
Our Vision: Our vision is that we will be a light to the world; that those who come and participate in our ministries will be transformed and will do their part to transform the world around them.
Strategies: The following areas of ministry constitute the primary means of accomplishing our purpose and vision: Worship - Discipleship - Nurture - Outreach. We seek to glorify and praise our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ through joyful, Spirit-led worship; to help persons of all ages become deeply committed Christians through ministries of discipleship; to build lasting, caring relationships; to train, equip, inspire and mobilize members to live out their faith outside the walls of the church through ministries of service.


text:
Q: How to query the subcollection of all the users?
Here I have one Firestore database collection "attendance". It contains different documents of each class taken for different classes. And each document has few information along with attendees list.
I want to find the attendees status whether they were present or not in a particular subject.
Is there any possible query for it? or do I need to change my structure?

A:  CollectionReference collectionReferenceImges = firebaseFirestore
                .collection("attandance")
                .document("your attandace document name")
                .collection("attendies");

        Log.d(TAG + "QueryC", String.valueOf(collectionReferenceImges));

        collectionReferenceImges.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot queryDocumentSnapshots,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {

                if (e != null) {
                    Log.d(TAG, String.valueOf(e.getMessage()));
                }
//

                for (DocumentChange documentChange : Objects.requireNonNull(queryDocumentSnapshots).getDocumentChanges()) {

                }

            }

        });

This code is Collection and if you want to access only any particular document then use document reference as similar as collection reference.
Please make sure in collection reference last reference for collection and in document reference last reference is for document.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This is a tricky one to explain, but I'll do my best. In my project, we have resource files that contain reusable components for things like our company name, product name, etc. Until now, this feature has been rock solid: when I insert the variable from the DITA Reusable Components window, it works.
I have no idea where the data-sources prefix came from! It's not in any other topic where the reference works. BUT, when I try inserting the variable in several different topics, they all get inserted with that prefix!
Any ideas how things can suddenly change like this?
Oxygen does not automatically change content that you have not edited yourself. If you have colleagues you may want to ask them if they changed anything. A construct like this "data-sources.strings-prods" usually indicates a reference to a key definied in a DITA key scope.
If you open the main DITA Map in the DITA Maps Manager view and use the "Validate and check for completeness" toolbar action does it report these broken conkeyrefs?
I think I've figured it out. The "correct" product name strings are inserted when "Root map = <current map>". The "incorrect" strings are inserted when I set root map to another ditamap.
I inherited this project where the previous writer created an "overall" ditamap that included both our user guides, as well as separate ditamaps for each individual user guide. I think this was done to accommodate how the "overall" one was meant for creating WebHelp, while the individual ones were for creating PDF. It's all very confusing.
I originally thought that the root map should always be set to the "overall" ditamap, as things seemed to work fine with that. Then I stumble across this issue.
So I think this problem arose when some reuse components were inserted when the root map was set to "<current map>", while others were inserted when root map was set to the "overall" ditamap. The "overall" version added the extra "data_sources." prefix that causes the problems.


text:
Secondary Division Principal
Chris Boyle
Chris is passionate about active pedagogy and experiential learning
Chris graduated from Colorado State University in 2003 with a degree in history and a secondary social studies teaching certification. After teaching for eight years in Fort Collins, Colorado and earning a Master of Science in sport administration from the University of Northern Colorado and a MEd in educational leadership from Colorado State his love of travel brought him overseas. Before joining DAIS in 2014, Chris was the Vice Principal at Pledge Harbor School and Sports Academy outside of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Chris is passionate about active pedagogy and experiential learning and some of his favorite memories as an educator involve taking students out on field studies, adventure trips and on international travel experiences. Chris is a former fastpitch softball coach and loves to play a variety of sports. Chris enjoys cooking, the outdoors and reading nonfiction books about past and present.
Blair Lee
Nathan Burton
Secondary Assistant Principal
Peter Row
Principal of Elementary School
Cushla Jones
Elementary Assistant Principal / Curriculum Coordinator
Audrey Wong
Director of Business Development & Communications
Tiffany Wei
Eddie Chung


text:
Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is spending Christmas in detention
Former President and reelectionist Pampanga Representative Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo will spend Christmas at the Veterans' Memorial Medical Center after the Sandiganbayan anti-graft court turned down a request for her to go home to Pampanga.
Kathrina Alvarez of Sun.Star Online reports the Sandiganbayan turned down the request because doing so would show partiality for Arroyo. "The Court is not persuaded. Curtailment of freedom and confinement in a detention center, prison or jail is a necessary consequence of being charged with a non-bailable offense," the court said in its resolution.
Arroyo has been detained at the VMMC after the court ordered her arrested over the alleged misuse of P366 million in Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office intelligence funds.
House Minority Leader Danilo Suarez, an Arroyo ally, called the decision sad news. "She's only accused and she's not even a security risk," he said.
For more on this story, log on to Sun.Star Online.
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Veterans Christmas
It may be a wet Christmas: Pagasa warns a storm may be coming

It's Christmas Time in the City: Manila's Most Beautiful Christmas Trees


A Girl with a Special Name offers a poignant look at one woman's thirst for unobtainable perfection and the life-threatening repercussions that followed her pursuit. It celebrates a strong woman's renewal and the unexplainable miracles that shaped her life.
This biblical commentary on the re-creation of planet Earth is combined with science which provides a provocative interpretation of the creation story in Genesis and also exposes the Big Bang and Evolution theories to be without credence.
An Aliigator's Hide or Just Come Clean is Adrienne Harrell's second children's book. It relates the further adventures of the alligator and her family. All comes clean in the end.
Politics is mostly about trickery, misinformation and sometimes blatant lies. Pay attention, don't be tricked. Stop voting against your own interest.
You can take control of your health by honoring the body, God's temple, that He gave you. Become aware of what God wants for you with God's Path to Disease-Free Living, the next revolution in Christianity.
Sequins of Hope is a testimony of God's love and plan to redeem our deepest pain. Like the sequins on a fine garment, will you open your heart to the hope that awaits you in the pages of this book?
Historian Peter Northcott is about to discover a secret that will alter humankind's future and it's past. Records of fire, murder, and secrets echo Peter's visions, but can he really be the divine star, the savior of the world?
Life. Love. You! written by Bogdan Nicolae Groza tells the love story between a Romanian emigrant and an American business women. They haven't seen each other and only communicate online. Will they finally meet in person?


text:
function tc = set_default_tcase
% set_default_tcase -- munit test case to test set_default.
%
%****f*  wmtsa.Tests.utils/set_default
%
% NAME
%   set_default_tcase -- munit test case to test set_default.
%
% USAGE
%   run_tcase('set_default_tcase')
%
% INPUTS
%
%
% OUTPUTS
%   tc            = tcase structure for set_default testcase.
%
% SIDE EFFECTS
%
%
% DESCRIPTION
%
%
% SEE ALSO
%   set_default
%

% AUTHOR
%   Charlie Cornish
%
% CREATION DATE
%   2005-07-19
%
% COPYRIGHT
%   (c) 2005 Charles R. Cornish
%
%
% CREDITS
%
%
% REVISION
%   $Revision: 612 $
%
%***

%   $Id: set_default_tcase.m 612 2005-10-28 21:42:24Z ccornish $

tc = MU_tcase_new(mfilename);

tc = MU_tcase_add_test(tc, @test_normal_default);
tc = MU_tcase_add_test(tc, @test_insufficient_num_arguments);

return

function test_normal_default(mode)
  % Test Description:
  %    Smoke test:  Normal execution, default parameters

  set_default('a', 1);

  eval_str = ['exist(''a'', ''var'') & a == 1'];
  MU_assert_expression(eval_str);

return

function test_insufficient_num_arguments(mode)
  % Test Description:
  %    Expected error: WMTSA:InvalidNumArguments
  try
    % Insert function call - no arguments
    set_default;
  catch
    [errmsg, msg_id] = lasterr;
    MU_assert_error('MATLAB:nargchk:notEnoughInputs', msg_id);
  end
return

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Clatsop County Sheriff's Office on Monday released several new photos of the van that sank several feet into the Oregon surf last week, triggering a multi-day saga that came to an end only with the aid of an excavator.
The last vestiges of Rick Langel's Chevrolet 20 Globemaster and an accompanying trailer were removed early Friday, the sheriff's office said.
The 61-year-old's rig had fallen victim to high tide the day before and became stuck in 3 feet of sand at Del Ray Beach near Gearhart.


CCIG wishes everyone a very Happy Easter holiday!
On the 16th of February, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, delivered a powerful speech on the fragile state of global affairs and human rights. Zeid gave his speech, entitled: "The Impossible Diplomacy of Human Rights", at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., upon receiving the annual Trainor Award from the university's Institute for the Study of Diplomacy.
Zeid offered a compelling and fierce denunciation of the rising trend of populist nationalism and a rallying call to the world on the need to uphold international institutions and norms in order to counter the threat of large scale conflict and effectively defend human rights.
Warning against the danger of xenophobic rhetoric and demagoguery, Zeid stated: "time and again, humanity has lost its bearings on the back of half-truths and lies, and the results have been disastrous. And an essential cohesion at the heart of every social fabric, once textured and fluid, is torn apart and replaced by sharp social divisions." He cited historical references, including to the Holocaust and Sarajevo in 1914 , as examples of the potential for social tensions to escalate into severe crimes and brutality.
The High Commissioner concluded by sharing his vision of a rights based movement, that does not discriminate on the basis of faith, nationality, gender, or any other affiliation, unites human beings by their common decency and triumphs over any innate suspicion we might have of one another. He expressed his longing to be a part of such a movement and urged his audience to seek the same. Without this mass campaign, Zeid believes the future of the humanity hangs in the balance.
Please find a transcript of Zeid's speech available, here, and a video of the event, here.
No Comments to "A Powerful Speech by the High Commissioner for Human Rights"


text:
A Chalet School Exchange by Fliss
Len Maynard's first weeks teaching at Glendower House - with apologies to EBD for shameless hacking of New Mistress.
Categories: St Agnes' House Characters: Len Maynard
School Period: Future
School Name: Glendower House
Genre: School Story
Chapters: 12 Completed: No Word count: 17467 Read: 45569 Published: 03 Oct 2011 Updated: 29 Apr 2012
Chapter 4 by Fliss
thanks so much for your comments - hopefully sorted out the spacing issue now.
Len enjoyed her half term weekend with the Christys. The Chalet School had spent a number of happy years at the Big House on St Briavel's, and Len revisited old haunts and took long tramps across the island with Dickie, the sea air blowing fresh colour into her face.
On Sunday afternoon, Len sat quietly with Mrs Christy and Dickie and, prompted to talk about her experiences at the school, told them something of her problems with Jemima.
"If it was just rudeness, it wouldn't be so bad" said Len "but I don't believe any girl is so rude without there being something behind it. Its not only me, she is constantly in trouble with every mistress in the school! All the staff have complained to me about her – I'm her form mistress too – and I believe that she has endless run-ins with the prees."
"Can't the Head do anything?" asked Carey Christy.
"She hasn't had a Head's Report although goodness knows she is going all out to get one" said Len "but Miss Alton was going to speak to her over her half term report next week. But – well – Miss Alton is a dear, and she can be terribly scathing when she likes - "
"I bet she's got nothing on Bill" chuckled Dickie "she – Bill, I mean - was never very sarky with me but some of the things she said just made you want to shrivel into a corner and hope she didn't notice you!"
"I honestly don't think that's what Jemima needs" said Len, thoughtfully. "She seems sad to me – and angry too. Apparently last term she was a perfectly nice, normal girl – I have any number of demons in the fourth, and at staff meeting no-one even mentioned her as a girl to watch! Anna Schmit says she has changed completely over the summer, but when I asked Miss Alton she said that the parents had not told her anything had gone wrong at home."
"I remember Miss Alton teaching Gaynor at Glendower House" said Mrs Christy, thoughtfully "and what she doesn't have is Hilda Annersley's gift for getting under people's skin – your mother's gift Len."
"Mary-Lou does it too," said Len.
"None of them are here though, Len" said Mrs Christy, gently, "and you are your mother's own girl for butting in where its needed".
Len returned to Glendower House on Tuesday of half term week refreshed by her short break. Few girls travelled the great distances to school that the pupils of the Swiss school did, and so most went home for half term. Of those left in school, ten were juniors and junior middles and fifteen were middles. Of the seniors only four were left, and they were those very important people, the prefects.
Len had little to do with the prefects in school. Anna Schmit taught the sixth form in both French and German and beyond Prayers and meal times, Len had really seen little of them. Of the four prefects left at school for half term, two were headed for St Mildred's for a finishing year and the Head Girl and Second Prefect both hoped to take degrees at Oxford. Knowing this, Miss Alton had arranged a trip to Oxford for the four girls and Len found herself assigned as escort mistress.
"You will know better than I do what they will enjoy in Oxford" said Miss Penn, the school secretary when she gave Len her assignment. "I have arranged your hotel and for you to have dinner there but otherwise there are so few of you, you suit yourself. The coach will be ready at half past seven on Wednesday morning and collect you from the hotel at three o'clock on Thursday afternoon so you will be back in nice time for supper."
On Wednesday morning Len entered the dining room to find the four prefects eating a good breakfast. They welcomed the mistress eagerly and Len found herself enjoying their company. These girls were very near to her own age and all were enthusiastic about the trip to a city Len had learned to love in her own university days.
The small coach arrived promptly and the journey passed without event. Arrived in Oxford the girls exclaimed over the beauty of the grey spires in the bright autumn sunshine. They left their bags at the small, central hotel the secretary had arranged and, having quickly washed and ensured they were as trim and trig as became prefects, walked down broad St Giles into the very centre of the city.
Len was keen to introduce the girls to the city's history and to some of her favourite sights. She took the girls past the Bodleian Library where they all wanted to stop and take pictures of the Radcliffe Camera and exclaimed as she explained that the university's libraries extended in endless corridors under the city's pavements. The prefects peered into shops in the Turl then came out onto the High, walking passed All Saints and Queen's Colleges, before coming to Magdalene College.
Laughing and joking, the prefects gathered on Magdalene Bridge and persuaded Len to take a photograph of the four of them. A passing shopper, pausing to look sympathetically at the happy group, offered to take a photograph of them all and Len found herself in the middle of the happy crowd calling "sausages" for the camera.
As the girls thanked the woman Len found her attention caught by a group across the road. A mother and father walked along, each holding the hand of a happy, chattering toddler – clearly twins. Len smiled at the jolly sight, the children reminding her of her own youngest brother and sister, Geoff and Phil, before she saw Jemima following a little distance behind. The woman turned and spoke to Jemima, who caught up with the little group but made no effort to join in their conversation.
"Isn't that that pest Jemima Smallthorne?" Erica asked Ann in an undertone, having noticed the mistress's interest. She coloured, catching Len's eye. "Sorry Miss Maynard!"
Len turned the conversation, feeling quite sure that Jemima would not welcome a meeting with her form mistress and putting the little incident to the back of her mind to consider when she had time.
The sixth formers walked back along the High in a merry group, reaching Christ Church where they were entranced to hear about the great college's connection with Alice in Wonderland and be shown by a college 'scout' the small door in Hall through which the White Rabbit had first disappeared.
After the tour of Christ Church College and wandering in its beautiful grounds Len, wise in her generation, took the girls back to their hotel, insisting that they rest before the evening's entertainment for Miss Penn had booked theatre tickets for them.
Although they protested, all realised that they were tired by the early start and long day and Len relented sufficiently to allow them to enjoy a peep into the great debating chamber of the Oxford Union and to see Oxford's newest college, St Peter's, which they learned occupied a site where students had been educated for six hundred years.
Jemima did not reappear, and Len put her troublesome pupil from her mind as she accompanied the prefects to a performance of A Midsummer Night's Dream.
The following morning, the Glendower House girls awoke to a grey, dismal sky and pouring rain.
"What will we do today, Miss Maynard?" asked Ann eagerly. The prefects were thrilled with their experience of the great university city and, discussing the matter, had been unanimous in their approval of the young mistress.
"I want to take you to the Ashmolean Museum, which I think you will love" explained Len "and then we will find somewhere to eat. After lunch, perhaps you would like to do some shopping and we leave at three o'clock, remember".
"It's been a fabulous trip, Miss Maynard," offered Laura, the head girl, "the rest will be wild with envy when we tell them about it."
"Good!" smiled Len. "Go and tidy yourselves you people, and meet me in the lobby in ten minutes."
Laughing and chattering, the girls went upstairs. Len followed them and was quickly ready and went back down to the lobby to wait for her charges. As she entered the room, she saw Jemima and her parents sat, apparently waiting for the rain to stop.
The girl looked panic stricken for a moment, but, to Len's surprise, rose politely as the mistress approached.
"Hello, Jemima, what a surprise to see you!" she exclaimed "I thought that I had seen you and your parents on the High yesterday, although not near enough to speak to. How do you do, Mrs Smallthorne?" she added, seeing that Jemima appeared speechless. "I am Len Maynard, Jemima's form mistress."
The lady smiled and offered a friendly hand to Len. "How do you do?" she asked. "I'm delighted to meet you Miss Maynard. May I introduce my husband, Dr Smallthorne, and these are our twins, Donny and Daisy."
Len shook hands with the doctor and the twins came forward readily to greet the mistress. "I am here with a group of sixth formers for a half term trip" explained Len.
"We thought that Jemima would enjoy a visit here too" explained Mrs Smallthorne. "Will you join us – we were going to order coffee whilst the rain continues." The doctor had bent down to his small twins who were eagerly showing him a caterpillar they had found on the floor. Len smiled at the children's eagerness as they tumbled over their words but noticed that Jemima paid them no attention.
"Thank you, that's very kind of you but we have a busy day planned and the girls will be – ah, here they are" exclaimed Len, as the prefects entered the lobby and stood waiting quietly for the mistress. "Please excuse me – and I hope that you enjoy the rest of your visit, Mrs Smallthorne, and you too Jemima."
Len purposely included the girl in the conversation. She had remained standing whilst the mistress stood but had scarcely reacted to anything said. Now she managed a wan smile and said "thank you Miss Maynard. I – I hope you have a good time."
"Thank you – I shall look forward to comparing our experiences back at school" smiled the mistress.
The rest of the trip passed pleasantly and the girls clambered onto the coach feeling that the rest would be green with envy at the tale of their visit. They plied Len with questions about Oxford until she protested, laughingly, that she was not the encyclopaedia. "Look up a history of Oxford if you want to know more!" she said. "Change the subject someone – its my holiday too!"
"I will" said Sue, the Second prefect, a quiet girl who was nevertheless a great force of common sense in amongst the prefects. "Miss Maynard, do you know who is writing the Christmas play this year?"
"Madame, I believe" said Len.
"Really? I didn't think she wrote them anymore. I remember her writing one or two when we were juniors but not for ages now" asked Sue.
"Yes, she is back in England now and will be visiting the school some time this term" confirmed Len.
After some discussion about the form the Christmas play might take – the school as a whole was proud that it rarely repeated its plays – Ann changed the subject again. "Miss Maynard, can you tell us something about the Millies – St Mildred's I mean. You know I am going there for my last year?"
"I was never a Millie" said Len, "but we knew them well, of course. St Mildred's itself is on a lower shelf than the school but we used to see the girls on Saturday afternoons and at Church and for things like the sale and the pantomime. You know that they stick to the old ways of the school and are trilingual, don't you?" she added teasingly.
"I know" groaned Ann "it's the only thing that makes me wish mummy and dad did not want to send me there. I like languages well enough but cannot imagine doing lessons in French and German – I mean lessons in other subjects" she added, confusedly.
"It comes with practice" Len reassured her "anyway, I think Frau Schmit means to start a conversation club to help you people who are going to St Mildred's"
"Really, when?" asked Erica eagerly "that would be a huge help".
"Next term I think" explained Len. "We'll be busy with the Christmas play after half term."
It was evening by now and in the interests of the conversation they had all stopped watching the roads some time earlier. They were all surprised when the bus pulled into the school grounds and came to a halt before the front door. The prefects piled out, thanking the driver and entered through the front door as was their right as prefects. Len, delayed slightly by checking that no belongings had been left in the coach, followed them. It was fortunate that the prefects had left the entrance hall before the mistress entered and before they could see her lack of dignity as she saw a slender, dark haired woman coming out of the Head's study. "Auntie Madge!" she shrieked, throwing her arms around her aunt.
This story archived at http://www.sallydennylibrary.co.uk/viewstory.php?sid=395


German art stayed strong, whereas late period Gutai—and a key Damien Hirst—fell flat.
Günther Uecker, Oval (1958). Courtesy Bonhams.
Two sales of contemporary art in London yesterday afternoon showed third- and fourth-place auctioneers, Phillips and Bonhams, closer in competition than one might have previously imagined. Bonhams had the longer sale, but with more lower valued lots, and managed to come out at the high end of the £4.2-5.9 million estimate, with a £6.3 million sale ($7.6 million), including the buyer's premium, in which 63 or 88.7 percent of lots were sold. Phillips had a higher value sale, with estimates in the £13.3-19.2 million range, but it struggled to meet the low estimate with a £14.7 million ($17.9 million) total including the buyer's premium.
The Bonhams sale was one of its strongest to date, and, like Sotheby's recent sale, was heavy on German content. The top lot was Oval 1978 by in vogue Zero group artist Gunther Uecker, which sold within estimate for £557,000 ($677,000). This was closely followed by a 1987, four-foot upside-down portrait, Heisse Ecke, by Georg Baselitz, which attracted competition from the Skarstedt Gallery of London and New York before selling to a phone bidder for a double estimate £497,000 ($604,000).
Yet another strong performance was Anselm Kiefer's Soldat (1974), which sold for a double-estimate £209,000 ($254,000). This must have made the owner, who bought it in 2002 for £31,000, very happy indeed.
The other two strong suits of Bonhams's sale were Op art and Gutai. Some of the Op art had come from the collection of Lee Turner in Kansas, led by a large diptych by resurgent Polish artist Wojciech Fangor which doubled estimates at a record £413,000 ($502,000).
Wojciech Fangor, NJ15 (Diptych) (1964). Courtesy Bonhams.
Similarly strong prices were realized for Op art works by Vasarely and Yaacov Agam from the same collection. A cool, wavy gouache of 1971 by Bridget Riley had British dealers Robin Katz and Offer Waterman in competition, before it fell to the former over estimate for £106,250 ($129,000).
Kazuo Shiraga, Séi (1991). Courtesy Bonhams.
The Gutai market stuttered when a late, 1991, swirling abstract by the group's market leader Kazuo Shiraga failed to sell with a £500,000 ($607,000) estimate. "The market is favoring the earlier work," department head and auctioneer Ralph Taylor hypothesized. But a rare surviving 1951 work on newspaper by fellow Gutai artist Shozo Shimamoto sold far above the £80,000 estimate for £293,000 ($356,000).
Phillips Chairman and CEO Ed Dolman said they had perhaps been a bit cautious on offering guarantees for higher level consignments this time. Nonetheless, guaranteed property, rarely selling above the low estimate, made up a significant proportion of the sale. Some sellers did transparently well out of it. The owner of Rudolf Stingel's Untitled (Plan B) had bought it in Phillips New York for $602,500 in 2010, and was rewarded with a £2.9 million ($3.6 million) price.
Bernd and Hilla Becher, Water Towers (1965-1997). Courtesy Phillips.
Unguaranteed was a sampling of works from the affable Belgian collector, Mark Vanmoerkerke, described as the ABC collection. In relation to pre-sale estimate, the evening best performer was likely a photographic work of 15 images of cooling towers by Bernd and Hilla Becher which doubled estimates to sell for £293,000 ($356,000). In relation to purchase price, the most impressive was possibly Barbara Kruger's Our Time is Your Money (1985), which cost £107,000 at auction in 2008 and sold at Phillips for £269,000 ($327,000).
Perhaps the biggest loser of the night was Damien Hirst's spin painting, Beautiful Intense Cathartic Painting, which had been a star in the famous Damien Hirst sale at Sotheby's in 2008 where it hung behind the auctioneer's head and sold for £668,450. Back on the block with a similar estimate of £350,000-450,000, it sold yesterday for £449,000 ($545,000).


text:
Dean Carmen A. Puliafito speaks to attendees during the Los Angeles Champions of Health Awards ceremony in Long Beach. Courtesy of National Medical Fellowships
Puliafito honored for contributions to physician training and patient care
Keck School of Medicine of USC Dean Carmen A. Puliafito, MD, MBA, has received an award honoring his contributions to medicine from National Medical Fellowships (NMF), an organization founded in 1946 that provides scholarships to underrepresented minority students in medicine and the health professions.
Puliafito was given the NMF Excellence in Academic Medicine Award at the annual Los Angeles Champions of Health Awards ceremony, which was held in June at the Molina Healthcare Event Center in Long Beach.
NMF President and CEO Esther Dyer applauded Puliafito for his leadership in the field of ophthalmology and technical innovations, and his efforts to increase the minority student population in the sciences as dean of the Keck School.
— Douglas Morino
Melissa Masatani	2015-07-13T16:25:18-07:00	July 10th, 2015|Announcements, Keck Net Intranet|


Norman Geras summarizes some opinion on the legality and morality of the action. At conservative blog Ricochet.com, Claire Berlinski lists some of Bin Laden's victims. On Slate, Christopher Hitchens treats the opinionating of Noam Chomsky on the matter with the contempt it deserves. At the Website of he New Republic tries to put the event in historical perspective.


Welcome to Transcript 2. 0 AirPrint, FaceTime, AirPlay, iCloud, Wi- Fi/ Bluetooth OS X. We should all ask for a discounted price since the premium we paid for a Win 10 Pro version is no longer a Pro version but a HOME version.
The selected disk is of the GPT partition style. I lost my downloads folder macbook pro. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for WD My Passport 1.
People pay a premium for Win 10 Pro which is a higher cost than Home. The screen would.
6, a program designed to help you to transcribe the text on digital images of documents. I get a myriad of questions about camera support in Photoshop Lightroom so I thought I' d try answer them in this blog post.
Just recently however, it began freezing randomly during use for no discernable reason. This video & article will show you how to Fix Error: Windows cannot be installed to this disk. A reporter chronicles what it' s like to get by without using Microsoft for one week — Reporter Kashmir Hill spent six weeks blocking Amazon, Facebook, Google, attention, Google, Microsoft, accessing a single product from Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Apple from getting her money, data using a custom- built VPN. For a localized see: Camera Raw Help| Why doesn' t my version of Photoshop , translated version of this document Lightroom support my camera?
I am trying to unlock my sons Verizon Iphone 4 CDMA. Obviously good karma dictates that if you find their ( free/ community hosted) service valuable sending a couple bucks.
With that download the file someplace handy ( like your desktop , downloads folder) we' ll come back to it in a second. Windows Essentials ( Movie Maker Windows Photo Gallery Windows Live Writer) reached end of. I' ve had my Yoga 3 Pro for about a year now so far it' s served me incredibly well. The EFI folder is added to something called the EFI Partition.
More ways to shop: Visit an Apple Store call 1- 800- MY- APPLE find a reseller. Guys, We need to stop them from doing this. One of the cons listed in my review of the Xiaomi Mi Notebook Pro was the NVMe SSD speed was limited not x 4 which it should be, capped to PCIe x 2 speeds well thanks to Ferdinánd for letting me know about this bios fix that will correct the PCIe lane speed to be x4 speed.
I lost my downloads folder macbook pro. Tips How- To Guides for Mac/ OS X/ iOS Users About Thunderbolt, HDMI, Troubleshooting USB 3. The EFI folder contains the hackintosh files necessary to boot macOS on third party hardware using Clover Bootloader.
Locate the Install package ( usually in Downloads folder) and click the download file to open it. Hello James 🙂 there' s a bad news though My Portable hard drive has crashed 🙁 hence i guess. Now that the High Sierra image is on a GUID formatted flash drive the EFI partition of that drive needs to have a modified folder called EFI added to it.
Table of Contents:. How to install ESET Cyber Security Pro. 5TB Portable External Hard Drive Storage USB 3. It provides up to three full years of service and support from the date you purchased your Canon.
Canon CarePAK Extended Service Plan ( CarePAK) is a cost- effective and easy- to- use extended service program. Transcript is free for personal all other cases you need to register Transcript Pro for a fee of $ 19 USD for a one user license.
Step 2 – Transfer Prebuilt EFI Bootloader. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users.
I should point out that there' s a ' Donate' button on that site ( I have no affiliation with it nor do I even know them ever contacted them). Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for WD My Passport 1TB Portable External Hard Drive Storage USB 3. Need a macbook pro unlock we do pro air icloud for all macbook desktop imac models including a1286 a1278 a1502 bios 4 6 digit pin code reset reprogram efi biosnew touch bar model retina located in nyc we have the tools for the job specializing in apple products mail in service available.
I lost my downloads folder macbook pro. Read honest unbiased product reviews from our v 03, · Windows downloads to help personalize protect your PC.
Redsn0w has been at the waiting for reboot for a few hours. Click the Install icon and click Continue to launch the installation wizard. THe Iphone has not displayed the OK screen yet.
More ways to shop: Visit an Apple Store, call 1- 800- MY- APPLE, or find a reseller. efiremove firmware password macbook air or pro bios retina 15 13 reset hack icloud hardware.
Hello James 🙂 there' s a bad news though, My Portable hard drive has crashed 🙁 hence, i have lost the dmg file 🙁, i have given it for recovery but it may take some time, i guess.


Mill-Max is pleased to introduce a line of discrete, insulated spring-loaded pins. There are seven different heights of SMT spring pins to choose from assembled into a durable, high temperature Nylon 46 insulator sleeve. This new series, 807-22-001-30-00X101 (X = 0-6,) utilizes existing Mill-Max spring pins (0965 & 0900-X series) and is the first series produced by Mill-Max dedicated to be a single position insulated spring pin terminal.
The 807 product is for applications where electrical isolation is required. It provides insulation of the spring pin terminal for situations such as passing through a conductive case or housing, or for isolating the pin from surrounding conductive components or elements. The insulators used on the 807 series are cylindrical in shape with two diameters. The larger diameter, the collar, is .094" (2,39 mm) in diameter and acts as a positive stop as the pin passes through an enclosure. The uncompressed height range of the series is from .100" (2,54 mm) to .236" (5,99 mm) with a working travel range from .012" (,3 mm) - .0275" (,7 mm.) [Maximum stroke capability range is from .024" (,61 mm) - .055" (1,4 mm.)] See the attached data sheet for details on the height and stroke of each part.
The 807 series is available in bulk or packaged on tape and reel for automated pick and place assembly; the insulator sleeve keeps the component stable in the pocket to facilitate the pick and place process. The high temperature nylon 46 insulator is suitable for RoHS soldering processes. The 807 series spring pins are constructed of precision-machined, gold-plated components and gold- plated beryllium copper springs. (The 807-22-001-30-000101 has a gold-plated stainless steel spring.) All are rated @ 2 amps and have a mechanical life of 1,000,000 cycles.


I don't know why you keep posting that.
Because that shite is funny when you are doing your thing.
But I'm not crying about objectifying women. Even if I was, I wouldn't make sense because these girls are doing it to themselves.
I only do this because of OPs crying about working too late and his FIL teaching his kid to ride a bike. He gets all melty so it's fun.
He gets all melty so it's fun.
You have a weird definition of "melty".
I wouldn't post half the shite I do here if I didn't get a certain reaction, baw.
wouldn't post half the shite I do here if I didn't get a certain reaction, baw.
Oh I know you do.
Darth, if something happens to me I need you to take over, baw.
Damn dude... Impossible answer...Can I split it up between them?
Alexis is surprisingly ahead of Pauline by a decent amount.
Galina is rolling around the mud with Morgan Reid and is winning bigly.
Liz and Sierra are having a pillow fight in their underwear and Sierra keeps getting feathers in her mouth.
Pauline Jackson! ..... but, wait... what's with that ridiculous back tattoo?
I'll go with Alexis Wren, but any of them would (never be interested in me) do.
Alexis vs. Pauline is mighty close.
Pauline at an obvious disadvantage due to stills vs gifs.
I couldn't find any gifs of her. If you do then please post and I'll update with them.


When Nokia introduced the 808 PureView at this year's MWC, everybody was shocked to hear that the Finnish manufacturer packed a 41-megapixel sensor inside the phone. Of course, Nokia wanted a decent follow-up to the Nokia N8 which was, for a long time, the king of camera phones. Now, the new King is here!
The box contains the 808 PureView, an 1,400mAh battery pack, a wall charger, USB cable for syncing and charging, a wrist-wrap and in-ear noise canceling headphones. The 808 PureView is powered by a 1.3GHz processor, aided by a dedicated Broadcom BCM2763, has a four-inch ClearBlack AMOLED display of 360 x 640 pixels resolution, has 16GB of internal storage (expandable via microSD card), a whopping 41-megapixel image sensor with Carl Zeiss optics and a VGA front-facer (plus all the usual stuff, including FM transmitter options). Check out our unboxing below of the Symbian Belle-powered Nokia 808 PureView!


Ziyadullaev N.S., Lyasnikov N.V., Voronov A.S.
Focusing on Common Geopolitical Interests: Changing the Focus in EU-Russia Dialogue and Communication?
Mitina N.N., Sun Hao, Drozdova E.A.
Bazarkina D.Yu., Damian M., Kolesnikov E., Muratshina Yu.