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Фаддей (Тадеуш) Бжозовский (; 21 октября 1749 — 5 февраля 1820) — генерал Общества Иисуса (иезуиты), первый глава ордена после его восстановления в 1814 году.

Биография
Фаддей Бжозовский родился в 1749 году в Кёнигсберге, в семье польского происхождения. В 1765 году вступил в орден иезуитов. Образование получил в иезуитских колледжах в Слуцке (1767—1770) и Несвиже (1770—1773). После того, как в 1773 году Общество Иисуса было распущено, переехал в Вильнюс, изучал теологию. В 1775 году рукоположён во священники.

После того, как императрица Екатерина II отказалась публиковать в России буллу о роспуске иезуитов и разрешила их существование в Российской империи, Бжозовский переехал в Полоцк, где вновь вступил в ряды иезуитов. Занимался теологическими изысканиями, много переводил богословской литературы (кроме родного польского он свободно владел русским, немецким, французским и латынью). Получил известность как способный проповедник. Преподавал в Орше (1784—1785), префект школы и преподаватель французского языка в Полоцком иезуитском коллегиуме (1785—1789); префект школы в Витебске (1789—1791), проповедник в Полоцке (1791—1797). В 1797 году был назначен секретарём Общества, работал в тесном контакте с Габриэлем Ленкевичем, Франциском Каре и Габриэлем Грубером, которые с 1782 по 1805 год последовательно занимали пост генерального викария иезуитов в России.

В 1801 году папа Пий VII официально разрешил орден иезуитов на территории России, занимавший в этот момент пост генерального викария Франциск Каре получил право именоваться «генералом Общества Иисуса в России». В 1802 году Бжозовский был назначен помощником вновь избранного генерала Габриэля Грубера. После гибели последнего в 1805 году Бжозовский был избран генералом, в 1805—1815 годах проживал в резиденции ордена в Санкт-Петербурге.

К моменту его избрания Общество вело активную работу в России, в первую очередь в области образования (иезуитам принадлежало 7 колледжей), а общее число членов ордена составляло 333 человека. Под руководством Бжозовского Общество продолжило расширение своей деятельности, были основаны миссии в Моздоке (1806), Иркутске (1810) и Томске (1814). В 1812 году после ходатайств Бжозовского царь Александр I преобразовал иезуитский колледж в Полоцке в академию, которой даровал права университета.

Буллой от 7 августа 1814 года «Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum» папа Пий VII восстановил Общество Иисуса во всех его правах и привилегиях. Фаддей Бжозовский, таким образом, стал возглавлять не только иезуитов России, но и руководить всем восстановленным орденом, став его девятнадцатым генералом. Это вызвало охлаждение в отношениях между иезуитами и императорским двором, которое только усиливали жалобы православного духовенства на возросшее число обращений в католичество, которое связывали с деятельностью иезуитов. Как итог, 20 декабря 1815 года Александр I издал указ, согласно которому все иезуиты во главе с генералом высылались из Санкт-Петербурга, а самому Бжозовскому было запрещено покидать пределы России.

С 1815 по 1820 год жил в Полоцке. Фаддей Бжозовский скончался 5 февраля 1820 года, похоронен в Полоцке. Вскоре после его смерти иезуиты были изгнаны из России, орденские коллегии и академии упразднены, а имущество передано в казну. Преемником Бжозовского на посту генерала ордена стал итальянец Луиджи Фортис, избранный 18 октября 1820 года в Риме.

Примечания

Литература
 Морошкин М. Иезуиты в России, СПб, 1870, ч.2
 Католическая энциклопедия. Изд. францисканцев. Т.1. М.:2002.
 Pierling, P. G.Gruber et les jésuites réfugiés en Russie, Meudon, 1999.

Ссылки
 История Общества Иисуса в России на сайте иезуитов
 «Бжозовский» // Православная энциклопедия
 «The Jesuits After the Restoration (1814—1912)» //Catholic Encyclopedia

Генералы Общества Иисуса
Иезуиты России
Похороненные в Полоцке
Преподаватели Полоцкого иезуитского коллегиума


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Armadillo infuscatus är en kräftdjursart som beskrevs av Gustav Budde-Lund 1902. Armadillo infuscatus ingår i släktet Armadillo och familjen Armadillidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Ship Chartering Process – The Ultimate guide
When a ship is taken on rent, it is known as ship chartering. Just as people take an apartment or a car for rent, some people may rent a ship based on their requirements. It could be to transport passengers or cargo.
Renting a ship is known as ship chartering and it begins with the shipowner and a second party entering into an agreement. In shipping parlance, this agreement is known as a charter party.
The party that rents out the ship is the shipowner and the second party who is taking the ship on rent is known as the charterer.
Who brings these two parties together?
Shipbrokers play an important role in bringing the right shipowner and charterer together and in finalizing the terms of the agreement between them.
Typically, someone who wants to take a ship on a lease would approach a shipbroker to find the right vessel that suits their purpose.
As we can see here, there are three parties in the process of ship chartering:
– the shipowner who owns the vessel being rented,
– the charterer who requires the ship on rent, and
– the shipbroker who has helped to bring them together.
Let us take a quick look at the roles of each of these parties.
Shipowner
A shipowner may be an individual or an organization who owns merchant ships that are registered under their name with a ship registry. Merchant ships carry cargo or passengers for a charge.
Shipowners are usually members of the regional chamber of shipping or the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS). This global body is responsible for all regulatory and operational issues to do with shipping. Legal issues that crop up in the shipping business are also handled by the ICS.
Charterer
Someone who wants to rent a ship, either to transport cargo or passengers, is called a charterer. The cargo may or may not belong to the charterer. The charterer may be transporting it on behalf of a different party.
Sometimes a charterer may take a vessel on lease and re-rent it to another party for the transport of cargo or passengers, for a profit.
The charterer plans the ship's voyage and the arrangements for the handling of cargo during loading and unloading. As such, he is responsible for the safety of the ship, its crew, and the cargo.
The charter party is signed between the shipowner and the charterer.
Shipbroker
Like all other brokers, shipbrokers also help to identify the right customer for a shipowner who wants to rent his ship or vice versa. For their services, they charge a fee or a commission to the shipowner. The commission may be a percentage of the total freight paid to the shipowner by the charterer.
Sometimes, a shipowner might appoint a full-time shipbroker for getting business. In the ship chartering business, it is common to find brokers who specialize in the chartering of certain types of vessels. It could be for the transportation of goods such as dry bulk, liquid bulk, etc.
A shipbroker is not liable for the ship, its operations, or the cargo that it carries. He is just the intermediary between the shipowner and the charterer.
The Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers
The Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers (ICS) founded in 1911 is a professional body that is recognized worldwide among the shipping fraternity. It was brought under the British Royal Charter in 1920.
Based in London, the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers is considered the representative body of the many shipbrokers and ship managers on a global level. Through its various courses, it certifies qualified and experienced individuals to become professional shipbrokers.
Ship Registry
The authority or body that registers a merchant ship is known as a ship registry. It may be a government ship registry or a registry owned by private organizations such as the Lloyds Registry, Bureau Veritas, Indian Register of Shipping (IRS), etc.
Every ship has to be registered whereby it gets its nationality and confirmation of ownership. Each registered ship comes under the jurisdiction of the law of the country where it is registered, known as the flag state. Some countries or organizations may register only the ships of that particular country. Such organizations are known as National Registries.
Organizations that are open to register both national, as well as ships of other countries, are called Open Registries.
The 3 Main Types of Ship Charters
Voyage Charter
This is the most common type of ship charter. A voyage charter normally involves renting the vessel as well as its crew for a particular voyage between two or more ports. The rent will be based on the quantity or weight of the cargo that is carried on the voyage or it could be a fixed amount that is agreed upon between the parties.
Time Charter
When a ship is hired for a certain period, it is known as a time charter. As in the other types of charters, the vessel is rented along with the crew but for a stipulated period. The charter party will clearly state the terms and conditions of the voyage, the agreed period of hiring, the type of cargo to be carried, etc.
In a time charter, the charterer may pay a daily or a monthly rate based on the deadweight ton.
In the bareboat charter, the vessel is operated and managed by the charterer's crew and vessel management staff. The shipowner will only be looking after the ship's technical management and matters relating to port operations.
Responsibility for the safety of the ship and all the financial settlements with outside parties will be with the charterer for the duration of the charter party. A bareboat charter is also known as a demise charter.
Charterparty
The charter party is a contract between the shipowner and the charterer. It states the responsibilities of both these parties with regard to the ship charter.
The charter party must be detailed and cover all aspects of the charter, especially points like re-renting of the vessel by the charterer, the type of cargo to be loaded on the ship, and ports of call.
In ship chartering, all the parties involved should be aware of the various details that go into the making of a successful charter party or fixture.
The shipowner, as well as the charterer, must be aware of the background of the other, their financial standing, and business reputation.
Just as the shipowner must know the type of cargo that is to be carried on the ship and its date of sailing etc. the charterer should be aware of the cargo-handling capacity of the vessel and its flag.
It would do the shipbroker good if he knew all these details before approaching a prospective client.
Source: Marine Insight
Ship Chartering Process
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Prince Frederick Charles of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (7 June 1736 – 13 April 1793) was a German Natural History collector, and from 1790 until his death the reigning Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.

Life
Frederick Charles of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was born in Rudolstadt, the son of Prince Louis Günther II of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and his wife Sophie Henriette, born Countess Reuss of Untergreiz (1711–1771).  As a child, he began his natural history collection, which later went to the Natural History Museum of Rudolstadt.  In 1757, he created the Princely Natural History Collection at the Ludwigsburg Castle in Rudolstadt.  The collection was later enlarged, and in the 19th century, it occupied seven rooms in the castle.  One of the first supervisors of the collection was Christoph Ludwig Kämmerer.  In 1919, the collection was moved to Heidecksburg Castle.

Frederick Charles of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt corresponded with Johann Heinrich Merck, among others, and let him have some rhinoceros bones and other pieces from his collection for research.  Frederick Charles also corresponded with Johann August Ephraim Goeze (1731–1793), with the physician Friedrich Martini, with the vicar Johann Samuel Schröter (1735–1808) and with Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch (1725–1778).  He had personal and scientific relationships with his correspondents and kept their writings in the library of his Cabinet.  Some of these writings were dedicated to him, for example the third volume of Martini's conchology text, published in 1777, was dedicated to His Princely Highness, the Crown Prince Frederick Charles of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, dedicated by his humble subject, the author.  The second edition of Jacob Theodor Klein's Naturalis Dispositio; Echinodermatum was edited and revised by Nathaniel Gottfried Leske and was also dedicated to Frederick Charles.

In 1792, Frederick Charles built a theatre on the green in Rudolstadt.  It was inaugurated a few weeks after his death.  Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was its director from 1793 to 1803.  It later evolved to form the Thuringia State Theatre in Rudolstadt.

Marriage and issue

Frederick Charles married his first wife, Princess Friederike Sophie Auguste of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1745–1778), in 1763.  They had six children:
 Frederika (1765–1767)
 Louis Frederick II (1767–1807), Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
 Henrietta (1770–1783)
 Charles Günther (1771–1825), married Louise Ulrike of Hesse-Homburg, daughter of Landgrave Frederick V; their daughter Karoline married Prince George Bernhard of Anhalt-Dessau
 Caroline (1774–1854), married Prince Günther Frederick Charles I of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
 Louise (1775–1808), married Landgrave Ernest Constantine of Hesse-Philippsthal

In 1780, Frederick Charles married his second wife, Princess Louise Friederike Auguste (1752–1805), the daughter of Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.  This marriage was childless.

Ancestry

References
 Rudolf Möller, Friedrich Carl von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1736-1790-1793). Beiträge zur Biographie des Gründers des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Rudolstadt, in: Rudolstädter naturhistorische Schriften 4, 1992, p. 5-11

Footnotes

House of Schwarzburg
Princes of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Collectors
1736 births
1793 deaths
18th-century German people


Understanding what a green job or green career entails requires a little more digging than you may think.
With the technology boom that the internet brought about behind us, many economists are looking towards the green job sector to become the next big thing for the economy. Going green is a trend among consumers, businesses, government and nearly all other sectors, providing a platform of growth that is expansive. With terms such as green-collar jobs, eco-friendly jobs, renewable energy jobs and similar being thrown around synonymously, we felt it was time to get everyone on the same page as to what a green job really is. We knew this was going to be a challenge since even Wikipedia claims their definition and examples may not represent a worldwide view.
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Environmental compliance, education and training and public awareness: A green career in this group would help enforce the environmental protections and laws, educate and provide green job training or increase awareness about environmental issues.
Natural Resource Conservation: Choosing a green job in the natural resource conservation group will provide you with the opportunity to work with areas such as sustainable forestry, organic agriculture, land management and conservation of water, soil or wildlife.
Whether you are working to help homeowners reduce their monthly energy bill or helping implement pollution control methods at a manufacturing facility, a green job may leave you with a sense of accomplishment and money in your pocket. There is high demand for people with green job training in careers like wind energy technicians, photovoltaic installers and designers among many others and that global demand is increasing each day. A recent study completed by MIT indicated that a majority of companies are now investing in sustainability programs to keep up and maintain a competitive edge. Whether you are looking to change careers or are just starting out, a green job may be the right choice for you and the planet.


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Skunk Radio Live Profile: Idrise - R&B Artist - California, Usa | SRL Networks London Music PR
[EXPLICIT]
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Idrise is Fluent in 4 languages, is a Staff Sergeant in the US Air Force, and has a degree in Arabic studies.
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Pulling on a glove to preserve the scene, even though her gut told her she didn't need to, she touched the nape of the muse's neck. She felt for bumps, pressing just hard enough to feel the contours in the sinew and bone.
There. An anomaly in the shape of a circle, nearly imperceptible. She pressed it.
The angel gave a small gasp and stirred, first an arm, then a shoulder. She sat up slightly and listened first to the quick, shallow breaths of the Detective. Then she blinked to clear her sight and set her crystalline eyes upon her revivist.
"Who put you to sleep?" breathed Hawk.
A classic murder mystery! This promises to be great.


A Work in Progress: Happy Holidays!
Happy Holidays to those who celebrate. I hope you have a safe holiday and find many good things under your tree this year! As I am in the Midwest I am assured of a white Christmas! As a matter of fact it's snowing now and due to continue through to Saturday. Fingers crossed I have no problems getting to my family's house tomorrow to enjoy the day. Very best wishes everyone!
A little update: I'm afraid I'm snowed in today. As you can see we got a little snow overnight (of course this is on top of what we got a week and a half ago) and it's still snowing and blowing, so I'm in hibernation mode this Christmas. My family celebrations are postponed a day or so until everyone can safely get around. So I've been trying to stay warm under fleecy blankets and am reading the afternoon away. I guess Mother Nature doesn't take holidays off, eh?
Check out this drift on my neighbor's house. It's looking pretty precarious, isn't it! Most of my windows are iced over, so I can't even look outside, but maybe that's a good thing. I hope everyone is somewhere warm and cozy and indoors!


"The best time to plant a tree is twenty years ago.
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Buttercup is an unrestored but loved 1946 CJ2A.
My father bought her in 1973 to use as a work truck on our family farm, which happens to be on an island in New England.
We used her for twenty years and it was decided she was getting a little tired and was replaced by a John Deere tractor.
After a while she was sold to a gentleman with the agreement that my father would get "right of first refusal" if she was ever put up for sale.
Well, three winters ago that man kept his word and sold Buttercup back to us and she is now back on the island, going back together once again.
We don't plan on restoring her, just make her better (like putting her wire wheels back on) and painting her yellow again.
Larry's Comment: Great story William on your '46 Willys CJ2A.
Question: Just curious as to where the wire wheels came from?
I always wanted to put Ford wire wheels on my CJ2A, but never seemed to find 4 of them. Thanks for sharing!


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KABUL - Afghan President Hamid Karzai accused the United States on Sunday of breaching a pact to hand over the main US military prison at Bagram Airbase and its inmates to Afghan control, after meeting Washington's top envoy to the region.
In a row which could complicate already thorny negotiations over the future US military presence in the country, Karzai told US Special Envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan Marc Grossman any delay to the handover was "a serious violation" of a strategic agreement between the allies. "The people of Afghanistan consider the issue of prisons and detention of their fellow citizens a matter of their national sovereignty," said a statement released by Karzai's office after the president met Grossman at his garden palace in Kabul.
The US handed over the high-security prison and around 3,000 suspected Taliban fighters to Afghan control over a six-month period ending on September 10, but did not transfer 600 or so detainees captured after the memorandum was signed. The prisons deal, which took almost a year to conclude, helped lay the ground for a separate strategic pact framing US development aid and support to Afghanistan for a decade after the withdrawal of most foreign combat troops in 2014. It also prepared the way for yet another round of negotiations on a status-of-forces deal covering US basing and troop numbers in Afghanistan after the NATO pullout, likely including more military advisers and special forces.
But Karzai's unhappiness with progress on the Bagram deal could put a chill over those talks, undermining public support for Karzai and his already unpopular government. "The continued holding of Afghans in American custody runs in contradiction with the spirit of mutual friendship and the provisions of the bilateral strategic partnership agreement," Karzai's office said.
Afghanistan has long sought control of the sprawling prison, which has been likened to Guantanamo in Cuba and Abu Ghraib in Iraq for its association with abuse of inmates. "Ambassador Grossman made clear in his discussion with the President that the United States fully respects Afghan," the US embassy in Kabul said in a statement.
US troop numbers in Afghanistan have fallen from a peak of nearly 100,000 at the start of this year to around 68,000 by October. Around 100,000 foreign troops remain in the country.


This Cream Leather Star Placemats Set of 2 will perfectly compliment any classic dining room styles.
Whether using everyday or for special occasions, these placemats add a vintage style to any dining table.
Cream placemats with a classic leather star and stripes design.
Machine washable at 60 degrees, made from 100% cotton.


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text:
package com.twu.biblioteca;

import org.json.simple.JSONObject;

/**
 * Created by mayw on 14/12/2015.
 */
public class ProjectGenerator {
    public JSONObject initializeBooks(boolean firstCheckoutStatus, boolean secondCheckoutStatus, String firstBorrower, String secondBorrower){
        return initialize(firstCheckoutStatus,secondCheckoutStatus,false,true, firstBorrower, secondBorrower, null, "123-1234");
    }

    public JSONObject initializeMovies(boolean firstCheckoutStatus, boolean secondCheckoutStatus,String firstBorrower, String secondBorrower){
        return initialize(false,true,firstCheckoutStatus,secondCheckoutStatus, null, "123-1234",firstBorrower, secondBorrower );
    }

    public JSONObject initialize(boolean checkoutStatus1, boolean checkoutStatus2, boolean checkoutStatus3, boolean checkoutStatus4, String borrower1,String borrower2,String borrower3,String borrower4) {
        JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();

        //Created booksObject with three book objects;
        JSONObject booksObj = new JSONObject();
        JSONObject bookDetail1 = new JSONObject();
        bookDetail1.put("Checkout", checkoutStatus1);
        bookDetail1.put("Borrower", borrower1);
        bookDetail1.put("Author", "Johanna Basford");
        bookDetail1.put("PublicationYear", "2015");
        booksObj.put("SECRET GARDEN", bookDetail1);
        JSONObject bookDetail2 = new JSONObject();
        bookDetail2.put("Checkout", false);
        bookDetail2.put("Borrower", null);
        bookDetail2.put("Author", "Warner Brothers");
        bookDetail2.put("PublicationYear", "2015");
        booksObj.put("HARRY POTTER COLOURING BOOK", bookDetail2);
        JSONObject bookDetail3 = new JSONObject();
        bookDetail3.put("Checkout", checkoutStatus2);
        bookDetail3.put("Borrower", borrower2);
        bookDetail3.put("Author", "Drew Daywal");
        bookDetail3.put("PublicationYear", "2015");
        booksObj.put("THE DAY THE CRAYONS QUIT", bookDetail3);

        //Created moviesObject with two movie objects;
        JSONObject movieObj = new JSONObject();
        JSONObject movieDetail1 = new JSONObject();
        movieDetail1.put("Checkout",checkoutStatus3);
        movieDetail1.put("Borrower", borrower3);
        movieDetail1.put("Year", "2011");
        movieDetail1.put("Director", "Director1");
        movieDetail1.put("Rate", "1");
        movieObj.put("Movie1", movieDetail1);
        JSONObject movieDetail2 = new JSONObject();
        movieDetail2.put("Checkout",checkoutStatus4);
        movieDetail2.put("Borrower", borrower4);
        movieDetail2.put("Year", "2012");
        movieDetail2.put("Director", "Director2");
        movieDetail2.put("Rate", "2");
        movieObj.put("Movie2", movieDetail2);

        //put booksObject and moviesObject to one object
        obj.put("Book",booksObj);
        obj.put("Movie",movieObj);

        return obj;

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Michelin Guide 2020: Restaurants With Views
Features 2 minutes 22 October 2019
From landmark-dotted skylines to gorgeous natural-beauty vistas
Michelin Guide GBI 2020 Views Top Ten
We're here primarily for the food, but an easy-on-the-eye accompaniment - in the form of a stunning view - can be the je ne sais quoi that truly elevates a dining experience. From landmark-dotted skylines to gorgeous natural-beauty vistas, towering top-floor vantage points to lush rolling parkland, explore these MICHELIN guide restaurants offering impressive views.
Restaurant Coworth Park, Ascot
A beautiful country house set amid 240 acres, Coworth Park is home to an intimate restaurant, where Chef Adam Smith presents modern interpretations of classic British dishes. Local sourcing remains a key focus here, with ingredients selected from as close by as the estate's own grounds. From beneath the dining room's dramatic oak leaf chandelier, take in views of the terrace and manicured gardens via floor-to-ceiling windows.
Book 7-course tasting, a glass of champagne, signed menu & truffles to take home £110 per person
City Social, Liverpool Street
Renowned chef Jason Atherton brings his signature European cooking to the 24th floor of the Tower 42 building. From the slick, understated dining room at City Social, look out across London's bustling financial district and beyond, with some of the Square Mile's most famous silhouettes visible from the tables. The diverse menu is weaved with international accents, and steaks are served from the Josper grill.
Fenchurch, City of London
Found at the top of London's 'Walkie Talkie' building, Fenchurch boasts a postcard-worthy view onto the capital, as well as overlooking the foliage-filled Sky Garden. Served against a panoramic backdrop of iconic landmarks, the largely British menu is crafted using modern cooking techniques, served in a sleek and minimalist space.
Book 5-course lunch tasting menu with a glass of bubbles & handmade chocolates £55 per person
Cottage in the Wood, Braithwaite
A 17th-Century building nestled amid England's only mountain forest, Cottage in the Wood presents elegant British cuisine in a stunning Lake District setting. The curved, window-lined dining room allows for a range of vantage points: look out through Whinlatter Forest and catch glimpses of Skiddaw's peak. Beautifully presented dishes feature carefully sourced local ingredients, celebrating the rich larder of the surrounding Cumbrian countryside.
Lympstone Manor, Lympstone
From Chef-owner Michael Caines, the flawless dining room at Lympstone Manor overlooks the Exe Estuary and the Jurassic Coast. Set amid 28 acres of grounds and boasting its own vineyard, the restaurant serves a regularly changing menu which adapts to the season's freshest local produce – an approach exemplified by the Taste of the Estuary tasting menu.
OXO Tower Brasserie, South Bank
Set within the South Bank's iconic OXO Tower, OXO Tower Brasserie's Thames-side location needs little introduction. With an open kitchen on one side, and the expansive terrace on the other, the dining room provides an impressive backdrop for the kitchen's blend of simple Mediterranean cooking and Josper-grilled meat dishes.
20 Stories, Manchester
Set on the 19th floor of the No. 1 Spinningfields building, 20 Stories is an ultra-modern cocktail bar and restaurant with panoramic views of the city. Staying true to its Manchester heritage, most ingredients are sourced from within 50 miles of the restaurant, and make up a homely yet inventive menu. Dine in the glitzy glass-enveloped space, or at parasol-covered outdoor tables.
The Pompadour, Edinburgh
Modelled on a French salon, The Pompadour demonstrates classic modern British cooking, with dishes crafted using carefully sourced Scottish produce. Served in a pristine Renaissance-inspired dining room overlooking Edinburgh Castle, the menu is fittingly sophisticated: expect delicately crafted seasonal dishes from an experienced kitchen.
Galvin at Windows, Mayfair
Boasting uninterrupted views of London via every-angle windows, fittingly named Galvin at Windows is found on the 28th floor of the London Hilton on Park Lane. In the serene dining room, floor-to-ceiling panes frame unrivalled views over Hyde Park, while Head Chef Joo Won's cooking brings Korean influences to classic French flavours.
Book 5-course tasting menu with a Bellini & a kitchen tour £60 per person
Le Pont de la Tour, Bermondsey
Overlooking the capital's world-famous Tower Bridge, Le Pont de la Tour evokes a relaxed feel with its Thames-side al fresco terrace. Watch boats drift past and listen to the gentle lapping of the water while enjoying a French-influenced menu led by rich, seasonal flavour combinations, and a complementing list of world wines.
For the full list of Distinctions for 2020 click here


Here is a summary of some of the major river surfing waves in Colorado, along with their current flows. A couple biggies are missing because they don't have accurate USGS gauges, and other lesser-known waves are omitted for the sake of clarity. If you want the full list of waves, check here.


text:
package org.apache.commons.compress.compressors;

import java.io.InputStream;

public abstract class CompressorInputStream extends InputStream {
    private long bytesRead;

    /**
     * Increments the counter of already read bytes.
     * Doesn't increment if the EOF has been hit (read == -1)
     *
     * @param read the number of bytes read
     *
     * @since 1.1
     */
    protected void count(final int read) {
        count((long) read);
    }

    /**
     * Increments the counter of already read bytes.
     * Doesn't increment if the EOF has been hit (read == -1)
     *
     * @param read the number of bytes read
     */
    protected void count(final long read) {
        if (read != -1) {
            bytesRead = bytesRead + read;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Decrements the counter of already read bytes.
     *
     * @param pushedBack the number of bytes pushed back.
     * @since 1.7
     */
    protected void pushedBackBytes(final long pushedBack) {
        bytesRead -= pushedBack;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current number of bytes read from this stream.
     * @return the number of read bytes
     * @deprecated this method may yield wrong results for large
     * archives, use #getBytesRead instead
     */
    @Deprecated
    public int getCount() {
        return (int) bytesRead;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current number of bytes read from this stream.
     * @return the number of read bytes
     *
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public long getBytesRead() {
        return bytesRead;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the amount of raw or compressed bytes read by the stream.
     *
     *
This implementation invokes {@link #getBytesRead}.

     *
     *
Provides half of {@link
     * org.apache.commons.compress.utils.InputStreamStatistics}
     * without forcing subclasses to implement the other half.

     *
     * @return the amount of decompressed bytes returned by the stream
     * @since 1.17
     */
    public long getUncompressedCount() {
        return getBytesRead();
    }
}


Tips to help the right message get to the right target in the next millennium.
We are about to enter one of the most exhilarating periods of our careers. It is the one time when what we do today will dictate what will become of us tomorrow. Yesterday we were in our youth, carefree and willing to take the chances of the naive. Today we are adults hoping that we have learned enough from our elders to take advantage of the future as we see it. Because tomorrow is what we make of today.
During the next few years, home furnishings will enter it's most critical phase. Up until this point, we survived because of the post Second World War population explosion and an upward trending economy. We prospered because we were smarter than the rest and able to take advantage of every nuance in business. We survived because there was no other alternative. But that does not mean that we can continue to survive as we enter the new Millennium.
Today, we must begin to once again direct our selling efforts to the "need" of the target audience... the consumer who could, would or should buy our products. Yes these products have to be inviting and fresh, alive with innovation of design and fashion. Yes the presentation of the product must be such that it appeals to the target customer when she enters the store. Yes the product must be attractively priced so that she can feel as though she can afford the product without mortgaging her future. And yes, the product and the service must be guaranteed against defects and faulty delivery. That is what the target expects. That is what the target demands. However, as we continue headlong into the remainder of the decade determined to give the product away with no payments and no interest until the year 1999, there won't be a target who will not have the product when we try to sell it to her in the year 2000!
We have to go back and begin all over again. We have to go back and note how to sell... how to sell to the "need"... not just the ability to enjoy the product tonight, at no cost to the target. And to do this we must first dedicate ourselves to create new and exciting advertising. And second, we must demand of ourselves a dedication to the art of selling, including on-going sales education and sales training of our sales staffs.
This task is not just the responsibility of the retailer. The manufacturer must insist that they have an opportunity to assist in these training efforts. After all, nobody knows the product better then the people who made the product. Many manufacturers provide this service to their retailers. Retailers should use this service (see Peter A. Marino's article in the November issue of FURNITURE WORLD). And not just at Saturday morning sales meetings. However, too many manufacturers do not provide this service. It should be mandatory that if you sell a product to a retailer, you should provide sales education and sales training along with that product. It should be every manufacturer's policy to follow-up with a sales education call at least twice each year. With the large turnover in staffs these days, good manufacturer's sales reps should demand pre-set dates for such efforts when retailers order new product. Setting the sales education and sales training dates at Market is also a good idea.
But what about advertising? Keep It Simple, Stupid. If it's upholstery, advertise comfort and style. These satisfy your customers' needs. If its casegoods, again, advertise the features and functions which you believe best satisfy your customers' needs. The more creative you become, the better chance you have to break through the clutter to reach the target audience with your message.
But again, remember to sell the "need". From the "need" we can sell the "want". The automotive industry has been selling the "need" and then the "want" for decades. And their selling success has steamrolled their messages to the target audience. Perhaps the most unique creative message in automotive this year has been Nissan's extraordinary campaign featuring the smiling older gentleman who says, "Life is but a journey." And during each commercial, a sign appears that simply states "smile"
In one brilliant bit of creative, they have sold both the "need"...you need a car to go and partake in the journey of life...and "want"...you want to buy this car because it makes you smile. And if you don't buy into one or the other, you will at least consider Nissan during your next purchase. But maybe Saturn has taken it even a step further. In their homey style, Saturn features people who collectively consider themselves as commercials, an older lady from the West calls her Saturn dealer. In order to get to the dealer to buy a car, she has to take an airplane. In one of the best lines of the year, she says: "I don't know how I would have gotten back home if I didn't like the car". Talk about selling "need" and "want". But first, she needed a car. She didn't even have a car to go down to the dealer, located in another State, and buy a new one. She had to fly there.
Where are all of the great furniture commercials? Where are all of the furniture commercials selling "need"? Where are all of the great furniture commercials selling "want"?
Perhaps we think that "No No" is building need. Perhaps we think that "No No" is building want. Perhaps we are not thinking.
Of course, a dealer told me that "No No" is what sells. "I need to move my product. I need to make sales. I need to keep the lights on," he said. To that I said, "And you need to make money".
Too often, chasing the "No No" trail is leading us into selling finances...not furniture. We are becoming the Second National Bank of Your Hometown. And very few of us are qualified to run a bank. That is the scary part of this whole endeavor. And, the second scary part is that we are doing nothing to promote the "need" of furniture. We are doing very little to sell the "want" of owning furniture. We are only filling the customer's credit ability and we are taking them out of the buying cycle for the next three years. That is bad business. The best customer we have is a former customer. And if we can't sell them for another three years, we have to hope that there are enough like them to fill the void while we have just taken our best prospect out of the buying cycle.
It is "need" ladies and gentlemen, that will fuel the true growth of our industry. It is "need" that will shape our futures. And how we attack that creatively is our biggest task in front of us. That is why the next four years are so important to all of us in this industry.
Yes, it's harder to be a little creative. Yes it takes guts to test the waters with original ideas. Yes it can scare the heck out of you when you begin to educate and demand more out of your sales staff. But that is what business is all about. It takes courage. It takes intelligence. It takes fortitude. It takes desire. It takes a strong constitution. But when it works, it is magic. It is magic because you helped create it. It is magic not just because you sold a product that your manufacturing partner made. It is magic because it was your customer, and you actually made a good margin on the sale because you created a "need" and then a "want".
Business is all about handling problems. The problem we must continue to address through the year 2000 is that we are not selling furniture. We are not selling the "need". Let's begin right now.
And remember, when you are contemplating your advertising budget: People don't read the newspaper anymore!


text:
What Is a Pedestrian E-Device Law?
If someone asked if you knew what constituted an "E-device law," one common answer might involve a discussion of an Illinois statute that requires drivers to use a cell phone only through use of a hands-free program. However, a growing number of cities throughout the United States are expanding these laws to pedestrians as well as drivers by making it illegal for pedestrians to cross the street while looking at the screen of their cell phone, tablet, or other electronic device.
Helping Keep Pedestrians Safe
Over the past few years, more municipalities across the country, as well as around the world, are taking steps to protect pedestrians who become distracted by their handheld electronic devices. Most recently, Honolulu, Hawaii became the largest U.S. city to pass such a law.
Honolulu enacted its Distracted Walking Law on July 6th, 2017, in response to the increasingly high rate of pedestrians being hit by cars. The only exception to the law would be if the user were dialing 911 to report an emergency requiring a police, fire department, or emergency medical response. Fines for violating the law increase exponentially with each subsequent offense.
Similar laws have been passed or are currently receiving consideration in other jurisdictions, including:
•	Stamford, CT, is considering a law that would make it illegal to cross a street while texting.
•	A recent survey reported that as many as two-thirds of Canadian citizens favored some measure of distracted walking laws in their city.
•	A New Jersey proposal that would outlaw texting while walking in a roadway includes a 15-day jail term as one possible punishment.
What About Illinois?
At this time, there is no law that prohibits pedestrians from simultaneously using a handheld device while crossing a street on the books in Illinois. In fact, Illinois is one of the states that failed in an attempt to pass legislation that would control distracted walking.
However, the city of Chicago is considering a distracted walking ordinance that could result in fines as high as $500 for pedestrians who cross city streets while talking or texting on a cell phone. Ticketing would be left to the discretion of police.
When You Face Criminal Charges, Rely On an Experienced Joliet Traffic Defense Attorney
Before you appear in court in response to a ticket, summons, or traffic offense, it is important to retain knowledgeable and reliable legal counsel. Trust an experienced Will County defense lawyer to provide a thorough review of your case and thoughtful advice on the best way to proceed. The Law Office of Jack L. Zaremba will create an aggressive and appropriate defense for you. Contact our offices today at 815-740-4025 for an initial consultation.


When you need to File a Claim against the bond to meet the requirements of Florida Statute 255.O5, we will assist you in filing your Notice of Non-Payment. With our help, these notices are filed within the statutory time limits in order to protect your rights and enable you to collect your money from the bonding company in a more timely fashion. Fees are 1.5% of the face amount of your Lien - $75 minimum, $300 maximum, plus costs (recording fees, courier charges and postage fees).
A Notice of Non-payment indicates that a potential lienor has an unpaid balance and helps to preserve the right to enforce a lien against the property if the potential lienor is not paid. If you receive a Notice of Non-Payment, you should not ignore it; to do so may result in your paying twice for the same work. If you receive a Notice of Non-Payment, you should consider consulting an attorney.


Technology What does 5G mean for the NBN?
Technology The NBN has blamed one particular group of internet users.
Technology The cost of that incremental capacity starts to double, quadruple.
News OPTUS will have to cough up $1.5 million for misleading customers.
Crime Never send money, credit card or personal info to cold callers.


text:
Cienfuegosia es un género con 58 especies de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia  Malvaceae. Es originario de Brasil. Fue descrito por Antonio José de Cavanilles y publicado en  Monadelphiae Classis Dissertationes Decem  3: 174-175, 185, en el año 1787. Su especie tipo es Cienfuegosia digitata Cav.

Su nombre hace honor a Bernardo de Cienfuegos.

Especies seleccionadas

Sinonimia
 Fugosia

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Gossypieae


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text:
package de.openknowledge.jaxrs.versioning.conversion;

import javax.ws.rs.container.DynamicFeature;
import javax.ws.rs.container.ResourceInfo;
import javax.ws.rs.core.FeatureContext;
import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider;

import de.openknowledge.jaxrs.versioning.VersionMediaTypeParameter;

/**
 * @author Arne Limburg - open knowledge GmbH
 */
@Provider
public class VersionMediaTypeParameterFeature implements DynamicFeature {

  @Override
  public void configure(ResourceInfo resource, FeatureContext context) {
    VersionMediaTypeParameter versionParameter = resource.getResourceMethod().getAnnotation(VersionMediaTypeParameter.class);
    if (versionParameter == null) {
      versionParameter = resource.getResourceClass().getAnnotation(VersionMediaTypeParameter.class);
    }

    if (versionParameter != null) {
      context.register(new VersionMediaTypeParameterFilter(versionParameter.value()));
    }
  }
}


The policy of trade liberalization and free-market economy in the 1980s has created both challenges and opportunities for Bangladesh economy. The creation of the World Trade Organization has created new ways of enjoying the comparative advantage for Bangladesh. At the same time, the globalize trade scenario has opened up the structural limitations of Bangladesh economy, which needs immediate attention through the formulation of appropriate policy and actions. Bangladesh continues to suffer from a low-growth, high-poverty syndrome. However, Bangladesh has a large labor force willing to work for low wages resulting in a very competitive position for labor-intensive manufacturing exports.
It has a large number of entrepreneurial businessmen who are able to develop and run small and medium scale enterprises.
It has a sufficient amount of natural gas reserves which can potentially provide low-cost energy for a downstream industrial structure. With amicable and mutually beneficial regional cooperation, Bangladesh can be an ideal location for huge foreign direct investments, which can serve as a huge market for goods and services in the South Asia. The growth potential of Bangladesh is, however, limited by a high population density and limited availability of land, which results in a continuing pressure on food supply. The low-income level makes it difficult for households to save, thus constraining the domestic development efforts. The education and health levels are low, resulting in a labor force lacking the skills needed for a modern economy. In addition, the traditions of central control of the economy and the awkwardness of government policy continue to work as a deterrent against private sector investment.
Within this global and regional trade scenario, this paper attempts to provide a synopsis of Bangladesh trade with the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries and of its policies regarding bilateral and global trade. The common structure of the economies and the same intensive price competitiveness could lead to a great deal of formal trade between Bangladesh and the SAARC countries, but this potential is yet to be realized. Bangladesh suffers from a huge trade deficit with India. This paper will lay special emphasis on the trade relations with India and the proposed South Asian Growth Quadrangle consisting of seven north-eastern states of India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. This paper will also examine the impact of GDP and of the exchange rate and its variability on the export and import growth of Bangladesh.
This study will also examine the trade policies of Bangladesh with special reference to both nominal and effective tariff levels, and non-tariff barriers that hinder the growth of Bangladesh global trade with its neighboring countries. Intra-SAARC trade is very negligible. This study will estimate a gravity model of international trade to examine whether intra-SAARC trade is lower or higher than what is predicated by the economic model. The results of this model will help us understand the possibilities of trade creation and diversion effects resulting from the South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangements (SAPTA) among SAARC member countries.
Gravity models of international trade estimate the trade flow as a function of variables that directly or indirectly affect the determinants of normal trade flow. The typical gravity model specification relates bilateral trade to income, population (or per capita income) and distance between the trading partners. If one finds a positive coefficient on the dummy variable indicating that two countries, both of which participate in the same preferential arrangement, trade more with one another than predicted by their incomes and distance, then the conclusion drawn is that the arrangement is trade-creating for its members. This paper will review the tariff concessions agreed upon by the SAARC member countries.
As it would appear, a significant part of the literature on the state of bilateral and regional economic and trade cooperation in South Asia deals with factors contributing to weak state of integration in the region. According to Sawhney and Kumar (2008), the underlying reasons originate from a combination of political, economic and institutional factors. A large segment of relevant literature deals with identifying opportunities that could emerge from closer cooperation among countries in the region.
Three strands of discourse are commonly discernible in this context: firstly, identification of challenges and opportunities of cooperation through regional and bilateral trade and other agreements with participation of SAARC member countries; secondly, quantitative assessments of economic gains, welfare losses which could potentially originate from such cooperation; and thirdly, evidence‐based assessments of trade potentialities at sect oral levels. Along with analysis at the regional level, some part of the literature has explored the relevant issues at the bilateral level. A number of studies have attempted to assess whether a bilateral route is more preferable to a regional one in advancing the level of trade and economic cooperation in the context of South Asia.
n contrast to the multilateral arrangements, bilateral FTAs could be fast‐tracked and would offer additional preferential treatment to the partner countries. Based on a review of bilateral FTAs, they conclude that this mode of trading arrangement has shown a better record of success in expanding trade between countries, and stimulates investment compared to regional or sub‐regional integration schemes. De and Bhattacharyay (2007) argue that a bilateral FTA with India would enable Bangladesh to strengthen her foothold in the Indian market.
for all member countries. The authors also conclude that regional cooperation through FTAs such as SAFTA could lead to higher volume of trade in goods and services through allocative efficiency and enhanced production capacity.
Rahman (2001) identifies a number of issues which would need urgent attention if Bangladesh-India bilateral economic relation is to gain momentum including multilateralism versus bilateralism, sectoral versus comprehensive approach, duty‐free market access, rules of origin (RoO), removal of NTBs and the need for policy coordination to stimulate investment. A number of studies have argued in favour of taking a holistic approach embracing cooperation in areas of trade, investment, transport and infrastructure in order to realise the potential opportunities of bilateral economic cooperation involving SAARC member countries (CPD 2004).
However, in articulating a contrasting view, Baysan et al. (2006) argue that the SAFTA makes sense only in the context of a much broader strategy of creating a larger preferential trade area in the region that would need to encompass China and also members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Assuming that the SAFTA agreement was there to stay, the authors recommend a number of steps towards promotion of intra‐regional trade in a manner that minimizes likely trade diversion costs and maximizes potential benefits. In this context, some studies have highlighted the positive impact in terms of growth and poverty reduction through regional cooperation by citing other RTAs such as South East Asian and European regional entries (Sawhney and Kumar 2008).
In recent times, a number of studies have tried to quantify the potential benefits arising from cooperation among SAARC countries, both at regional and bilateral levels. A number of studies have tried to estimate the degree of market access under the preferential treatment. Mukherji (2000) estimates that the annual value of all imports that entered the SAARC member countries under SAPTA preferences amounted to approximately USD 480 million at the end of the 1990s.
In a more recent study undertaken to evaluate the performance of SAPTA that also explored the prospects of the then proposed SAFTA, Hirantha (2004) applied the well- known gravity model to estimate potential benefits of an FTA in South Asia.11 The study finds that there will be substantial trade creation in the region under SAPTA with no significant trade diversion impact. The estimated results for 2002 showed that bilateral trade between any two pairs of SAARC member countries would be about 10.5 times higher under the SAPTA compared to two otherwise similar countries in absence of an RTA.
Moreover, according to estimated coefficients, not only would intra‐regional trade be enhanced, but this would also lead to increased bilateral trade with non‐members. This result contradicted earlier study of (Hassan 2001) which indicated that lowering of trade among SAARC countries would not result in substantial benefits and would lead result in reduced trade with non‐members.12 Rahman et al. (2006) supported the earlier findings of Hirantha (2004) and argued that there would be significant intra-bloc export creation as a result of SAPTA; though there would be net export diversion.13 However, results of this study showed that Bangladesh, India and Pakistan were expected to gain by joining the RTA, while Nepal, Maldives and Sri Lanka would be negatively affected.
Given the fact of Bangladesh's export opportunities in India, a number of studies have tried to identify potential market opportunities for Bangladeshi sectors/products particularly in the Indian market. Based on analysis of secondary data and stakeholders' perception, Bhuyan and Ray (2006) identify a set of potential exportable products from Bangladesh that could enjoy export potential in the Indian market. These were fish products (including shrimp), leather goods, cement, light engineering items, jute products, pharmaceutical products, ceramic products and processed agro‐products.
The authors recommended that an FTA with India would enable Bangladeshi producers and exporters to have access to the much needed raw materials and semi-finished products at competitive price. In yet another study, applying a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework, Siriwardana and Yang (2007) estimate that a number of Bangladeshi items, including beverages and tobacco, fabricated metal products, textile and leather, petroleum and other minerals, food manufactures, and vegetables and fruits sector, will gain substantially in the Indian market both in the short‐run as well as long‐run, if import duties are abolished by India.
In a recent study, the World Bank (2006), however, finds that the prospect for trade between Bangladesh and India, through a bilateral FTA, to be rather limited. Analysis undertaken for a number of items including cement, light bulbs, bicycle rickshaw tyres and sugar indicate that if a bilateral FTA is signed with India it will be India which would be able to expand her exports to Bangladesh; Bangladesh's export potential in the Indian market is rather limited. The study points out the reasons being (a) faster productivity growth in India bolstering India's comparative advantage in competing goods, and/or (b) tariff and NTBs constraining Bangladesh's major exports (RMG) as well as minor exports which have experienced rapid growth in other markets.
The study argues that in a situation where an Indian supplier gets advantage of captive protected market under the bilateral FTA with Bangladesh, there was likelihood of collusion amongst Indian producers or between them and Bangladeshi importers which would reduce some of the welfare gains. According to this study, Bangladesh's interests would be better served through multilateral liberalization. In similar vein, Bandara and Yu (2003) also conclude that SAFTA would lead to a marginal 0.21 per cent gain in real income for India, 0.03 per cent gain for Sri Lanka, 0.10 per cent loss for Bangladesh, while the rest of South Asia would gain 0.08 per cent in terms of real income.
More recently, Raihan (2008) used the WITS/SMART model and carried out simulation exercise in view of various scenarios under the SAFTA accord (removal of intra‐regional tariff for all countries). The study makes an attempt to quantify export potentials of Bangladesh in the Indian market. The modeling exercise identifies export items of Bangladesh at disaggregated HS 6 digit level which were likely to expand in the Indian market under the SAFTA. The study finds that under the SAFTA Bangladesh's exports to Indian market would rise by only about USD 78 million. Top 30 products (at the 6 digit HS code), together, account for 83 per cent of the increase in Bangladesh's export earnings (USD 64.9 million).
A review of literature indicates that the majority of studies have tended to focus on tariff barriers and the impact of removal of duties on regional and bilateral trade. However, the presence of large number of NTBs was also recognised as a major constraint in these and other studies. Rahman (2010) identifies salient features of the NTBs prevailing in South Asian trade, and examined cross‐country experiences in addressing the NTBs. The study also documented how the NTBs are being addressed within the SAFTA architecture. Particularly, an in‐depth look at NTB‐related issues has become even more necessary in view of the recent debates, and the modalities that are being put in place to address those. An important recent study by Razzaque (2010), which combines qualitative analysis with three different types of quantitative analyses (gravity model, CGE model and GTAP) argues that the weaker economies in the SAARC region are expected to lose significantly from the SAFTA agreement, at least in its current form.
The study shows that the losses for the weaker economies, particularly for Bangladesh and Nepal, arise from increased imports from regional partners, nominal increase in exports within the region and loss of tariff revenue. Results of estimation carried out in this study based on WITS/SMART simulation, are similar to that of Bandra and Yu (2003), and shows that SAFTA will lead to an increase in Bangladesh imports from the region of about USD 400 million compared to rise in regional exports of only about USD 33 million. Results of the study also show that only India stands to experience regional export gains that would be higher than imports from regional sources.
The gravity simulation results suggest that SAFTA would influence regional trade flows mainly by increasing India's exports, and Bangladesh and Nepal's imports. For every USD 100 worth of new export trade almost USD 78 would accrue to India, whereas share of Bangladesh, Maldives and Bhutan would be insignificant. The authors recommend that LDC members of the SAFTA should continue with their respective policy reforms, and will need to address supply-side bottlenecks in order to benefit from the increasingly larger regional market.
In another study, Raihan and Razzaque (2007) ran two different simulations using the GTAP model and database. In the first scenario, the authors depict a case in which all member countries eliminate their intra-regional tariffs but retain their respective tariffs with the rest of the world intact. In the second scenario, in addition to SAFTA tariff cuts, the authors let Bangladesh slash its tariffs against the rest of the world by 50 per cent. Comparisons of the various scenarios give an opportunity to examine trade diversion effects when determining the overall welfare effects for Bangladesh. The results show that full tariff liberalisation under SAFTA alone would lead to a net welfare loss of USD 184 million for Bangladesh India, Sri Lanka, and the rest of South Asia in this scenario register welfare gains, as trade creation effects dominate trade diversion effects.
However, when Bangladesh undertakes MFN (most favoured nation) tariff cuts by 50 per cent along with the full tariff liberalisation for SAFTA members, it stands to gain by USD 84.1 million. In the latter exercise, the positive welfare gains of other countries were maintained. ADB and UNCTAD (2008) finds that the welfare gains, based on CGE analysis, for Bangladesh are likely to be one of the highest. According to the study, export gains for Bangladesh in SAFTA market under the phase‐I of liberalisation (2008-09) would be significant (38.08 per cent to South Asia), but not as high as the peak export growth to SAFTA seen by other countries. The study further contends that Bangladesh will be able to increase her global exports by about 4.3 per cent by 2016 on account of SAFTA. A number of authors have highlighted the importance of better regional connectivity to foster and promote intra-regional trade and deepen economic cooperation among the regional countries.
Rahmatullah (2010) points out in this connection that due to lack of integration of the transport system in South Asia, logistics costs are very high and ranges between 13‐14 per cent of GDP, compared to 8 per cent in the US. Whilst many studies have focused on aggregate level gains and losses originating from regional cooperation among SAARC countries, those focusing on identifying potential opportunities of bilateral trade between Bangladesh and India, at a disaggregated level, as was pointed out above are few. Additionally, in view of the rapid changes in the structure of bilateral trade in recent times, a closer look at the relevant issues has become even more urgent. Since the sensitive lists have emerged as a major area of concern, an in‐depth look at the Indian sensitive list, from the Bangladesh perspective, is also called for in order to identify the fall opportunities of market access by Bangladesh in the Indian market.
The issue of signing bilateral FTA as a more comprehensive and speedier tool of enhancing trade among SAARC countries has been highlighted by a number of authors. de Mel (2010) points out in this connection that negative lists of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are substantially larger than those in the respective bilateral trade agreements. Echoing this, Weerakoon (2010) observes that SAFTA has already been overtaken by bilateral process in many instances, and would appear to be in danger of being further upstaged by bilateral and other regional initiatives.
A review of literature thus, in general indicates that under the existing scenarios the potential benefits originating from regional trade cooperation among the SAARC countries would not be substantial. Bangladesh's gains also appear to be inconsequential. The idea of bilateral FTA has been examined by some, but here also the positive impact in terms of additional trade flows is rather limit. However, one common limitation of most of these studies had been that these are based on static analysis. One way of addressing this is to examine and analyse the data with regard to the dynamics of trade, its composition and putting under scrutiny factors contributing to and factors constraining the trade flows.


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Home > Counsel Fees > When Mortgaging the Marital Residence Is Necessary to Pay Temporary Support
When Mortgaging the Marital Residence Is Necessary to Pay Temporary Support
By Neil Cahn on July 18, 2011
Posted in Counsel Fees, Maintenance, Temporary (Pendente Lite) Relief
The May, 2011 decision of the Appellate Division, Second Department, in Many v. Many, seems, at first blush, to be a rather routine matter. While their divorce action is pending, the interests of the parties are balanced. However, below the surface lurk issues which highlight the frustration and anxiety which spouses must feel as their case is squired through the judicial process.
By Order to Show Cause issued June 13, 2009, two years before this decision, the wife sought interim support. She also sought a restraint against her husband refinancing the marital residence. One may surmise that Mr. Many was sole owner of the home; it was his "separate property," subject to his wife's claim to an equitable share.
Ms. Many received her award of temporary maintenance. However, by his Order of April, 2010, Supreme Court, Westchester County, Justice Edgar G. Walker, denied that branch of Ms. Many's motion which was to restrain her husband from encumbering the marital residence. In effect, Mr. Many was authorized to refinance the equity in the marital residence, but restricted from using the funds for any purpose other than paying his pendente lite maintenance obligation.
Restraints on borrowing against or other disposition outside the "ordinary course of business," have been a common subject in divorce actions. They often had been included routinely in the Preliminary Conference Order. Effective September, 2009, just two months after Ms. Many made her motion, Domestic Relations Law §236(B)(2)(b) was amended to put certain "automatic orders" into effect immediately upon the commencement of a divorce action. Those orders now remain in effect unless terminated, modified or amended by order of the court.
Among the automatic orders, neither party may now borrow against any property (including real estate) whether individually or jointly held, except in the usual course of business, for customary and usual household expenses or for reasonable attorney's fees in connection with this action. Further, for actions commenced in or after September, 2009, it is automatically ordered that neither party may incur "unreasonable" debts, including, but not limited to further borrowing against any credit line secured by the family residence, further encumbrancing any assets, or unreasonably using credit cards or cash advances against credit cards, except in the usual course of business or for customary or usual household expenses, or for reasonable attorney's fees in connection with this action.
In Many, the Appellate Division affirmed the Justice Walker's year-old decision to allow Mr. Many to refinance the parties' home to pay is temporary support obligation. It also affirmed the award to Ms. Many of $15,000.00 in interim counsel fees, as her husband was the "monied spouse."
Thus, it took two years for these interim financial issues to be resolved.
Justice Walker and the appellate court believed it was necessary for the marital residence to be further encumbered so that Mr. Many could afford to pay his temporary support obligation.
However, if the only way for the parties to pay their living expenses while their divorce is pending is to borrow against their home, why would only one party (here, Mr. Many) be obligated to access his assets to pay those expenses as temporary support.
The Second Department noted that it will be Mr. Many shares of assets which will be charged with the burden of supporting the family while the action is pending.
At a later date, the Supreme Court will be able to ensure that the plaintiff is reimbursed for her equitable share of any funds used by the defendant as a result of the sale or refinancing of the marital residence to meet his pendente lite maintenance obligation.
Isn't an award of temporary support which cannot be paid out of current income per se excessive? If it is necessary to access assets to pay interim living expenses, shouldn't both parties' shares presumptively be charged?
So, too, with the award of interim counsel fees. If Mr. Many has to borrow money to make a payment to his wife's lawyer, even if that award is subject to reallocation after trial, why is the presumption that it is he who is responsible? If an award can only be paid by accessing the assets of the parties, why label, now, the party who is paying the award?
Justice Walker and the Second Department did keep priorities in focus: both parties must be enabled to live and to meet the the necessary expenses of the litigation so that the action can be made ready for resolution. However, labeling responsibilities in a sea of conflicting sworn statements, is not necessary. While the mechanism for survival must be determined, beyond that, labeling responsibilities may only encourage delay by the party favored by the interim order.
It took two years to resolve these interim issues. Both parties must be encouraged by the "rules of the game" to bring the game to a swift conclusion. After all, it's not a game.
Tags: Automatic Orders, Credit Line, Edgar G. Walker, Many v. Many, Monied Spouse, Mortgage, Ordinary Course of Business, Refinance, Usual Course of Business
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Attorney-Draftsman of Prenuptial Agreement Not Disqualified; No Interim Counsel Fee


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Home > Films
Brie Larson now owns Mace Windu's lightsaber
May the force Brie with you
By Alan Martin
Bear with us, because this will sound like extremely trashy fan fiction at first, but it's apparently genuine. Avengers: Endgame star Brie Larson now owns the lightsaber that belonged to Jedi Master Mace Windu – Samuel L Jackson's character from the Star Wars prequels.
Apparently Jackson, who plays Nick Fury in the box office smash, paid a visit to Larson on Star Wars Day with the unexpected gift. "He walked in and just dropped this bag in my lap," Larson told Jimmy Fallon. "It was a beautiful kind of silk bag. I was like, 'What is this?' and I opened it and it was his lightsaber.
"And I just immediately burst into tears." She was probably holding out for Obi Wan's.
"It's amazing. I don't think he's supposed to have it," Larson continued, adding that Jackson is unlikely to get into trouble for taking it out of the galaxy far, far away. "I feel like he's got cinematic immunity in a way, he does whatever he wants."
Apparently the prop is "super heavy" – no wonder Jackson wanted rid of it – and it has a hidden message that would make an ewok blush. "It's engraved with something on it that I can't say on TV," she explained. Fallon assured her that the censors would do their job, and Larson gleefully revealed all: "Great, bleep this out: it says 'bad motherf**ker'."
That just makes us wonder what secrets other Star Wars characters are hiding. A tenner says Darth Maul's robes are hiding an embarassing tattoo he can't get rid of.
This is how to watch Star Wars in order
Make sure you are watching Star Wars the right way, with this guide.
30 best movies on Amazon Prime Video, ranked
Great movies you can stream on Amazon Prime Video now.
The 20 greatest martial arts stars of all time, ranked
Get a kick out of the best martial arts stars.
30 best '80s movies: the greatest films of the 1980s
UPDATED: There's more to the '80s than shoulder pads and hair metal.


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FAN LETTERS!
Fan Letters: Criticisms of Sunderland's streaming offering - is the quality worth £10 per game?
RR reader Steve McPharlane isn't happy about Sunderland's streaming offering for the forthcoming season, and worries that the quality of the service is not worth £10 per game. What do you think? Email us: RokerReport@yahoo.co.uk!
By Editor Gav Sep 3, 2020, 10:00am BST
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Dear Roker Report,
Like most people, I can't wait for the start of the season, and for some (perhaps delusional) reason, I am feeling strangely optimistic.
I am a bit disappointed, however, at the offering for non-season ticket holders in terms of streaming. I live in London so would try to go to as many games as possible every season, home or away, but couldn't justify a season ticket.
For this season, before we're allowed back, it's £10 a game to stream online. I'm really surprised that there hasn't been more of a reaction to this, as it's a complete rip off. Every time I've used it before the quality has been awful - BBC Radio Newcastle commentary, often out of sync, dreadful camera angles and generally poor production quality. A Sky Sports pass is £8.99!
Steve McPharlane
Ed's Note [Gav]: Yeah, it's a strange one. Whilst ten pounds per game seems steep, they've introduced this across the board, presumably to help offset the losses in ticket revenue. One thing it doesn't take into account is the quality of the offering. Like you say, you can get content from the very best out there for less than what the club want for one game.
I know that these are strange times, but it's going to be tough for people to part with potentially £30 in a week to watch bad quality streams.
What I suspect will happen is people will turn towards using IPTV services that offer the same product but for far less. The club won't see a penny of it, but if there's something better value out there, what are you going to do?
Photo by Chris Vaughan - CameraSport via Getty Images
Phil Parkinson goes on about giving the youngsters their chance - what, to then sell for peanuts to Premier League clubs?
What about the lad from Sweden? They should have tied him down long ago.
Joseph Heggie
Ed's Note [Gav]: For clubs like ours we need to get used to the idea that we'll sell players to bigger clubs. Admittedly, we've done a terrible job of this in recent times - look at what Peterborough just got for Ivan Toney and compare it to what we got for Josh Maja, perhaps - but the academy needs to become self-sufficient, just as the football club must.
Regarding Kimpioka - I think that's on him, really. He's sat home doing nothing.
He either signs a deal with us or he and his representatives convince a club he's worth parting with a few hundred grand for. Personally I don't see that he has many options, but I guess time will tell there.


Enough is enough. Kids for Cash scam is over.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on January 31, 2016 by AMother'sHeartSongsUnsilenced.
Abusers are careful to show the public only what they want them to see.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on January 29, 2016 by AMother'sHeartSongsUnsilenced.
DUE PROCESS OR STAR CHAMBERS?
Source: DUE PROCESS OR STAR CHAMBERS?
his ability to manipulate and intimidate the children regarding their statements to the custody evaluator.
There is also evidence that gender bias in family courts works to the batterer's advantage. (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Gender Bias Study) Even if the batterer does not win custody, his attempt can be among the most intimidating acts possible from the victim's perspective, and can lead to financial ruin for her and her children.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged child abuse, Court Corruption, Custody, Domestic Abuse, domestic violence, legal abuse, Lundy Bancroft on January 28, 2016 by AMother'sHeartSongsUnsilenced.