text:
Shape hyperlink
===============

In addition to hyperlinks in text, PowerPoint supports hyperlinks on shapes.
This feature is a subset of the more general *click action* functionality on
shapes.

A run or shape can have two distinct mouse event behaviors, one for (left)
clicking and another for rolling over with the mouse (hover). These are
independent; a run or shape can have one, the other, both, or neither.

A "true" hyperlink in PowerPoint is indicated by having no `action` attribute
on the `a:hlinkClick` element. The general hyperlink mechanism of storing
a URL in a mapped relationship is used by other verbs such as `hlinkfile` and
`program`, but these are considered distinct from hyperlinks for the sake of
this analysis. That distinction is reflected in the API.

See also: _Run.hyperlink, `pptx.text._Hyperlink`

Candidate Protocol
------------------

.. highlight:: python

* `Shape`

  + `.click_action` - unconditionally returns an `ActionSetting` object,
    regardless of whether a click action is defined. Returns an
    `ActionSetting` object even when the shape type does not support a click
    action (such as a table).

* `ActionSetting`

  + `.action` - returns a member of the `PP_ACTION_TYPE` (`PP_ACTION`)
    enumeration

  + `.action_url` - returns the `ppaction://` URL as a string, in its
    entirety, or None if no action attribute is present. Maybe this should
    do XML character entity decoding.

  + `.action_verb` - returns the verb in the `ppaction://` URL, or None if no
    action URL is present. e.g. `'hlinksldjump'`

  + `.action_fields` - returns a dictionary containing the fields in the query
    string of the action URL.

  + `.hyperlink` - returns a Hyperlink object that represents the hyperlink
    defined for the shape. A Hyperlink object is always returned.

  + `.target_slide` - returns a Slide object when the action is a jump to
    another slide in the same presentation. This is the case when action is
    `FIRST_SLIDE`, `LAST_SLIDE`, `PREVIOUS_SLIDE`, `NEXT_SLIDE`, or
    `NAMED_SLIDE`.

    Supports assignment of a slide object, after which `.action` returns
    `NAMED_SLIDE`.

* Hyperlink

  + `.address` - returns the URL contained in the relationship for this
    hyperlink.

  + `.screen_tip` - tool-tip text displayed on mouse rollover is slideshow
    mode. Put in the XML hooks for this but API call is second priority

Detect that a shape has a hyperlink::

    for shape in shapes:
        click_action = shape.click_action
        if click_action.action == PP_ACTION.HYPERLINK:
            print(click_action.hyperlink)

Add a hyperlink::

    p = shape.text_frame.paragraphs[0]
    r = p.add_run()
    r.text = 'link to python-pptx @ GitHub'
    hlink = r.hyperlink
    hlink.address = 'https://github.com/scanny/python-pptx'

Delete a hyperlink::

    r.hyperlink = None

    # or -----------

    r.hyperlink.address = None  # empty string '' will do it too

A Hyperlink instance is lazy-created on first reference. The object persists
until garbage collected once created. The link XML is not written until
.address is specified. Setting ``hlink.address`` to None or '' causes the
`hlink` entry to be removed if present.

Add "Jump to slide" click action::

    >>> click_action = shape.click_action
    >>> click_action.target_slide = slides[4]
    >>> click_action.action
    NAMED_SLIDE (101)

Future Scope
------------

`ActionSetting.action` supports these alternate assignments::

    # ---Shape.click_action is an ActionSetting object---
    ActionSetting.action = (
        PP_ACTION.FIRST_SLIDE or
        PP_ACTION.LAST_SLIDE or
        PP_ACTION.NEXT_SLIDE or
        PP_ACTION.PREVIOUS_SLIDE
    )

Each of these assignments takes immediate effect and is "self-contained"; no
further assignments are necessary to produce the specified behavior.

Assigning `NAMED_SLIDE` to `ActionSetting.action` raises an exception. This
action is created by assigning a `Slide` object.

Glossary
--------

**click action**
    The behavior to be executed when the user clicks on a shape. There are 14
    possible behaviors, such as navigate to a different slide, open a web
    page, and run a macro. The possible behaviors are described by the
    members of the `PP_ACTION_TYPE` enumeration.

**hover action**
    All click action behaviors can also be triggered by a mouse-over (hover)
    event.

**hyperlink**
    A hyperlink is a particular class of click action that roughly
    corresponds to opening a web page, although it can also be used to send
    an email. While a similar mechanism is used to specify other actions,
    such as open a file, this term here is reserved for the action of
    navigating to a web URL (including `mailto://`).

**action**
    The click or hover action is specified in the XML using a URL on the
    `ppaction://` protocol contained in the `action` attribute of the
    `a:hlinkClick` (or `a:hlinkHover`) element. A hyperlink action is implied
    when no `action` attribute is present.

**action verb**
    The specific action to be performed is contained in the *host* field of
    the `ppaction://` URL. For instance, `customshow` appears in
    `ppaction://customshow?id=0&return=true` to indicate
    a `PP_ACTION.NAMED_SLIDE_SHOW` action.

**OLE verb**
    The term *verb* also appears in this context to indicate an OLE verb such
    as `Open` or `Edit`. This is not to be confused with an `action verb`.

`PP_ACTION_TYPE` mapping logic
------------------------------

::

    # _ClickAction.action property

    hlinkClick = shape_elm.hlinkClick

    if hlinkClick is None:
        return PP_ACTION.NONE

    action_verb = hlinkClick.action_verb

    if action_verb == 'hlinkshowjump':
        relative_target = hlinkClick.action_fields['jump']
        return {
            'firstslide':      PP_ACTION.FIRST_SLIDE,
            'lastslide':       PP_ACTION.LAST_SLIDE,
            'lastslideviewed': PP_ACTION.LAST_SLIDE_VIEWED,
            'nextslide':       PP_ACTION.NEXT_SLIDE,
            'previousslide':   PP_ACTION.PREVIOUS_SLIDE,
            'endshow':         PP_ACTION.END_SHOW,
        }[relative_target]

    return {
        None:           PP_ACTION.HYPERLINK,
        'hlinksldjump': PP_ACTION.NAMED_SLIDE,
        'hlinkpres':    PP_ACTION.PLAY,
        'hlinkfile':    PP_ACTION.OPEN_FILE,
        'customshow':   PP_ACTION.NAMED_SLIDE_SHOW,
        'ole':          PP_ACTION.OLE_VERB,
        'macro':        PP_ACTION.RUN_MACRO,
        'program':      PP_ACTION.RUN_PROGRAM,
    }[action_verb]

PowerPoint® application behavior
--------------------------------

The general domain here is mouse event behaviors, with respect to a shape.
So far, the only two mouse events are (left) click and hover (mouse over).
These can trigger a variety of actions. I'm not sure if all actions can be
triggered by either event, but the XML appears to support it.

Action inventory
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The following behaviors can be triggered by a click:

* Jump to a relative slide in same presentation (first, last, next, previous,
  etc.).
* Jump to specific slide in same presentation (by slide index, perhaps title
  as fallback)
* Jump to a slide in different presentation (by slide index)
* End the slide show
* Jump to bookmark in Microsoft Word document
* Open an arbitrary file on the same computer
* Web link - Open a browser and navigate to a specified web page
* Run a macro
* Run an arbitrary program
* Execute an OLE action

In addition to performing one of these actions, zero, one, or both of two
auxiliary actions can be triggered by clicking:

* Play a sound
* Highlight the shape with a dashed line for a short time

Hyperlinkable shapes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

These shape types can have hyperlinks:

  + `Autoshapes`
  + `Textbox`
  + `Picture`
  + `Connector`
  + `Chart`

These shape types cannot:

  + `Table`
  + `Group Shape`

UI procedures
-------------

Hyperlink autoshape to other slide by title
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Right-click > Hyperlink... (Cmd-K)
* Select Document panel
* Anchor: > Locate... > Slide Titles
* select slide by number and title, e.g. "2

Add Anchor point in a document (or perhaps a slide)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* A hyperlink can link to a bookmark in a Word document
* It appears that maximum granularity in PowerPoint is to an entire slide
  (not to a range of text in a shape, for example)

MS API
------

Shape.ActionSettings(ppMouseClick | ppMouseOver)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Shape object has an ActionSettings property, which is a collection of two
ActionSetting objects, one for click and the other for hover.
https://msdn.microsoft.com/EN-US/library/office/ff745656.aspx

ActionSetting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* Shape.ActionSettings(ppMouseClick | ppMouseOver) => ActionSetting

* ActionSetting.Action

  + one of: ppActionHyperlink, ppActionFirstSlide, ppActionPlay, or several
    others: https://msdn.microsoft.com/EN-US/library/office/ff744511.aspx

* ActionSetting.Hyperlink => Hyperlink

* Hyperlink members:

  + Address
  + SubAddress
  + TextToDisplay
  + ScreenTip
  + EmailSubject
  + Type (read-only, one of msoHyperlinkRange (run) or msoHyperlinkShape)

XML specimens
-------------

.. highlight:: xml

These are representative samples of shape XML showing the hyperlinks
associated the shape (as opposed to text contained by the shape).

* The `a:hlinkClick` element can be present or absent.

* Its parent, `p:cNvPr` is always present (is a required element).

* All of its attributes are optional, but an `a:hlinkClick` having no
  attributes has no meaning (or may trigger an error).

* Its `r:id` element is always present on click actions created by PowerPoint.
  Its value is an empty string when the action is first, last, next, previous,
  macro, and perhaps others.

* Adding a `highlightClick` attribute set True causes the shape to get
  a dashed line border for a short time when it is clicked.

* There are some more obscure attributes like "stop playing sound before
  navigating" that are available on `CT_Hyperlink`, perhaps meant for
  kiosk-style applications.

Summary
~~~~~~~

The action to perform on a mouse click is specified by the `action` attribute
of the `a:hlinkClick` element. Its value is a URL having the `ppaction://`
protocol, a verb, and an optional query string.

Some actions reference a relationship that specifies the target of the
action.

============= ======== =======================================================
verb          rId      behavior
============= ======== =======================================================
none          external Open a browser and navigate to URL in relationship
hlinkshowjump none     Jump to a relative slide in the same presentation
hlinksldjump  internal Jump to a specified slide in the same presentation
hlinkpres     external Jump to a specified slide in another presentation
hlinkfile     external Open an arbitrary file on the same computer
customshow    none     Start a custom slide show, option to return after
ole           none     Execute an OLE action (open, edit)
macro         none     Run an embedded VBA macro
program       external Execute an arbitrary program on same computer
============= ======== =======================================================

Jump to relative slide within presentation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**hlinkshowjump** action

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="7" name="Rounded Rectangle 6">
        <!-- this element does the needful -->
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="" action="ppaction://hlinkshowjump?jump=firstslide"/>
      </p:cNvPr>
      <p:cNvSpPr/>
      <p:nvPr/>
    </p:nvSpPr>
    <p:spPr>
      <a:xfrm>
        <a:off x="1020781" y="1684235"/>
        <a:ext cx="1495562" cy="1775031"/>
      </a:xfrm>
      <a:prstGeom prst="roundRect">
        <a:avLst/>
      </a:prstGeom>
    </p:spPr>
    <p:txBody>
      <a:p>
        <a:pPr algn="ctr"/>
        <a:r>
          <a:rPr lang="en-US" dirty="0" smtClean="0"/>
          <a:t>Click to go to Foobar Slide</a:t>
        </a:r>
        <a:endParaRPr lang="en-US" dirty="0" smtClean="0"/>
      </a:p>
    </p:txBody>
  </p:sp>

* `jump` key can have value `firstslide`, `lastslide`, `previousslide`,
  `nextslide`, `lastslideviewed`, `endshow`.
* Note that `r:id` attribute is empty string; no relationship is required to
  determine target slide.

Jump to specific slide within presentation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**hlinksldjump** action

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="7" name="Rounded Rectangle 6">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="rId2" action="ppaction://hlinksldjump"/>
      </p:cNvPr>
      ...
  </p:sp>

The corresponding `Relationship` element must be of type `slide`, be
internal, and point to the target slide in the package::

  <Relationship
    Id="rId2"
    Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/slide"
    Target="slide1.xml"/>

Jump to slide in another presentation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**hlinkpres** action

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="7" name="Rounded Rectangle 6">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="rId3" action="ppaction://hlinkpres?slideindex=3&slidetitle=Key Questions"/>
      </p:cNvPr>
      ...
  </p:sp>

The corresponding `Relationship` element must be of type `hyperlink`, be
*external*, and point to the target presentation with a URL (using the
`file://` protocol for a local file). The slide number and slide title are
provided in the `ppaction://` URL in the `a:hlinkClick` element::

  <Relationship
    Id="rId3"
    Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/hyperlink"
    Target="file://localhost/Users/scanny/Documents/checksec-prelim-analysis.pptx"
    TargetMode="External"/>

Web link (hyperlink)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Note: The `action` attribute of `a:hlinkClick` has no value in this case.

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="4" name="Rounded Rectangle 3">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="rId3"/>
      ...
  </p:sp>

The corresponding `Relationship` element must be of type `hyperlink`, be
*external*, and point to the target URL (using a web protocol).

The target is often a web URL, such as https://github/scanny/python-pptx,
including an optional anchor (e.g. #sub-heading suffix to jump mid-page). The
target can also be an email address, launching the local email client.
A mailto: URI is used in this case, with subject specifiable using
a '?subject=xyz' suffix.

An optional ScreenTip, a roll-over tool-tip sort of message, can also be
specified for a hyperlink. The XML schema does not limit its use to
hyperlinks, although the PowerPoint UI may not provide access to this field
in non-hyperlink cases.::

  <Relationship
    Id="rId3"
    Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/hyperlink"
    Target="https://www.google.com/"
    TargetMode="External"/>

Open an arbitrary file on the same computer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**hlinkfile** action

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="7" name="Rounded Rectangle 6">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="rId2" action="ppaction://hlinkfile"/>
        ...
  </p:sp>

* PowerPoint opens the file (after a warning dialog) using the default
  application for the file.

The corresponding `Relationship` element must be of type `hyperlink`, be
*external*, and point to the target file with a `file://` protocol URL::

  <Relationship
    Id="rId2"
    Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/hyperlink"
    Target="file:///C:\Install.log"
    TargetMode="External"/>

Run Custom SlideShow
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**customshow** action

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="4" name="Rounded Rectangle 3">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="" action="ppaction://customshow?id=0&return=true"/>
        ...
  </p:sp>

* The `return` query field determines whether focus returns to the current show
  after running the linked show. This field can be omitted, and defaults to
  `false`.

Execute an OLE action
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**ole** action

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="9" name="Object 8">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="" action="ppaction://ole?verb=0"/>
      </p:cNvPr>
    ...
  </p:sp>

This option is only available on an embedded (OLE) object. The verb field is
'0' for Edit and '1' for Open.

Run macro
~~~~~~~~~

**macro** action

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="4" name="Rounded Rectangle 3">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="" action="ppaction://macro?name=Hello"/>
      </p:cNvPr>
    ...
  </p:sp>

Run a program
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**program** action

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="4" name="Rounded Rectangle 3">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="rId2" action="ppaction://program"/>
      ...
  </p:sp>

The corresponding `Relationship` element must be of type `hyperlink`, be
*external*, and point to the target application with a `file://` protocol
URL. ::

  <Relationship
    Id="rId2"
    Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/hyperlink"
    Target="file:///C:\Program%20Files%20(x86)\Vim\vim74\gvim.exe"
    TargetMode="External"/>

Play a sound
~~~~~~~~~~~~

Playing a sound is not a distinct action; rather, like highlighting, it is an
optional additional action to be performed on a click or hover event.

::

  <p:sp>
    <p:nvSpPr>
      <p:cNvPr id="5" name="Rounded Rectangle 4">
        <a:hlinkClick r:id="" action="ppaction://..any..">
          <a:snd r:embed="rId3" name="applause.wav"/>
        </a:hlinkClick>
      ...
  </p:sp>

The corresponding `Relationship` element must be of type `audio`, be
internal, and point to a sound file embedded in the presentation::

  <Relationship
    Id="rId3"
    Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/audio"
    Target="../media/audio1.wav"/>

Related Schema Definitions
--------------------------

.. highlight:: xml

::

  <xsd:complexType name="CT_Shape">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="nvSpPr" type="CT_ShapeNonVisual"/>
      <xsd:element name="spPr"   type="a:CT_ShapeProperties"/>
      <xsd:element name="style"  type="a:CT_ShapeStyle"        minOccurs="0"/>
      <xsd:element name="txBody" type="a:CT_TextBody"          minOccurs="0"/>
      <xsd:element name="extLst" type="CT_ExtensionListModify" minOccurs="0"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
    <xsd:attribute name="useBgFill" type="xsd:boolean" default="false"/>
  </xsd:complexType>

  <xsd:complexType name="CT_ShapeNonVisual">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="cNvPr"   type="a:CT_NonVisualDrawingProps"/>
      <xsd:element name="cNvSpPr" type="a:CT_NonVisualDrawingShapeProps"/>
      <xsd:element name="nvPr"    type="CT_ApplicationNonVisualDrawingProps"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
  </xsd:complexType>

  <xsd:complexType name="CT_NonVisualDrawingProps">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="hlinkClick" type="CT_Hyperlink"              minOccurs="0"/>
      <xsd:element name="hlinkHover" type="CT_Hyperlink"              minOccurs="0"/>
      <xsd:element name="extLst"     type="CT_OfficeArtExtensionList" minOccurs="0"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
    <xsd:attribute name="id"     type="ST_DrawingElementId" use="required"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="name"   type="xsd:string"          use="required"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="descr"  type="xsd:string"          default=""/>
    <xsd:attribute name="hidden" type="xsd:boolean"         default="false"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="title"  type="xsd:string"          default=""/>
  </xsd:complexType>

  <xsd:complexType name="CT_Hyperlink">
    <xsd:sequence>
      <xsd:element name="snd"    type="CT_EmbeddedWAVAudioFile"   minOccurs="0"/>
      <xsd:element name="extLst" type="CT_OfficeArtExtensionList" minOccurs="0"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
    <xsd:attribute ref="r:id"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="invalidUrl"     type="xsd:string"  default=""/>
    <xsd:attribute name="action"         type="xsd:string"  default=""/>
    <xsd:attribute name="tgtFrame"       type="xsd:string"  default=""/>
    <xsd:attribute name="tooltip"        type="xsd:string"  default=""/>
    <xsd:attribute name="history"        type="xsd:boolean" default="true"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="highlightClick" type="xsd:boolean" default="false"/>
    <xsd:attribute name="endSnd"         type="xsd:boolean" default="false"/>
  </xsd:complexType>


Apple green plates, apple green chair cushions, and well, a love of "apple green" was the inspiration for this kitchen remodel in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The home was a traditional colonial, but we bumped out the back of the home by about 4 feet and created space for a nice sized island – a requirement of the homeowner.
All new appliances, cherry cabinets by Brookhaven, Cambria quartz counter tops, and green glass subway tiles are the recipe here for a tasteful kitchen that is not only pleasing to the eye, but functionally works well. She gained more storage and an extra doorway to her dining room, as we made butler doors in and out of her attached dining room.
We also reworked the powder room as we had to relocate it from the existing kitchen space.
I guess you could say that the kitchen is now the apple-of-her-eye and it was "love at first bite!".


text:
Rylsk () is a town and the administrative center of Rylsky District in Kursk Oblast, western Russia, located on the right bank of the Seym River (Dnieper's basin)  southwest of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:    19,000 (1974).

History
Rylsk was first mentioned in a chronicle in 1152 as one of the Severian towns. It had become the seat of an appanage principality by the end of the 12th century before coming into the hands of Lithuanian rulers sometime in the 14th century. The Polish king Casimir IV made a grant of it to Dmitry Shemyaka's son Ivan, who had settled in Lithuania. Ivan's son Vasily defected to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, but Lithuanians held the town until 1522.

During the Time of Troubles, it was one of the first towns to welcome False Dmitry I as the Tsar. After the Ukraine's integration into the Russian Empire, Rylsk capitalized on the trade between Little Russia and Great Russia. Numerous merchants resided in the town. Today its population is the same as it had been about a century before.

Soviet authority in Rylsk was established in November 1917. During World War II, the town was occupied by the German Army from October 5, 1941 to August 31, 1943.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Rylsk serves as the administrative center of Rylsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Rylsky District as the town of district significance of Rylsk. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Rylsk is incorporated within Rylsky Municipal District as Rylsk Urban Settlement.

Attractions
The town does not retain many marks of antiquity. Its oldest buildings are three churches of the monastery of St. Nicholas, all erected in the mid-18th century. Some of the most prominent buildings in the town were commissioned by the Shelikhov merchants who traded with Alaska Natives in North America in the late 18th century, the most famous of whom, Grigory Shelekhov, was born in the town.  A monument was erected to his memory on the central square. The foremost of the town's churches are the Uspensky Cathedral (1811) and the Pokrovsky Cathedral (1822), both designed in a vernacular Neoclassical idiom and furnished with very lofty belltowers.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
 Official website of Rylsk
 Architectural and history guide to Rylsk

Cities and towns in Kursk Oblast
Rylsky Uyezd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Do Friendly Bears Exist?
The S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index: A Standout Performer in a Challenging Year for Equity Markets
Indexing's Evolution in Indian Markets
Latin America in the Long Term: A Potential Application of U.S. Equities
Commodities Outperform for the Second Year in a Row
Blog - Jan 9, 2023
Sherifa Issifu
Senior Analyst, U.S. Equity Indices
Categories Equities, S&P 500 & DJIA
Tags 2022, 2023, bear market, bear markets, core, drawdowns, S&P 500, Sherifa Issifu, U.S., U.S. Core Equities, U.S. Equities, United States, US FA
"Never sell the bear's skin before one has killed the beast."
Jean de La Fontaine.
On Wall Street, bear markets represent declines of at least 20% from their highs. But on Main Street, bears are anthropomorphized as friendly. Here we look at whether bears can also be "friendly" in financial markets, looking at the S&P 500®'s bear markets to assess what periods of pessimism have told us, historically, and whether there may be glimmers of hope.
A tumultuous 2022 resulted in the S&P 500 entering a bear market and posting its worst calendar year performance since 2008, down 18%, bringing an end to its three-year winning streak. The picture could have been grimmer had it not been for an early rally in October and November; the S&P 500 was down more than 25% at its worst point. Exhibit 1 shows that the S&P 500's reached only one all-time high during 2022 (on Jan. 3), the fewest all-time highs in a year since 2012.
Investors may be forgiven for forgetting what it feels like to be in a bear market. The S&P 500's longest bull market, which began after 2008's Global Financial Crisis (GFC), was followed by the shortest bear market in history. Exhibit 3 shows that the current 2022-23 bear market's 20% decline hasn't reached the same magnitude as the 2020 COVID-19 sell-off or 2008 GFC, which recorded declines of 34% and 57%, respectively. However, 2022's bear market is already 11 times the length of 2020's COVID correction.
Overall, the S&P 500's 14 bear markets since 1928 lasted an average of 19 months and were accompanied by an average peak-to-trough performance of -38% (see Exhibit 3).
However, market participants can take one silver lining from history—the S&P 500 has typically rebounded from major drops over medium horizons. For example, Exhibit 4 shows that the S&P 500 gained an average of 15% over the three-year period following the beginning of a bear market, and the index typically exhibited a positive return. While history shows the importance of treading with caution in bear markets, a friendly reminder is that at the end of every bear market, a bull market begins and all things pass in time.
The posts on this blog are opinions, not advice. Please read our Disclaimers.
Equities, S&P 500 & DJIA
2022, 2023, bear market, bear markets, core, drawdowns, S&P 500, Sherifa Issifu, U.S., U.S. Core Equities, U.S. Equities, United States, US FA
Wenli Bill Hao
Senior Lead, Strategy Indices
Categories Factors, Strategy
Tags dividends, high inflation, S&P 900, S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index, strategy, US FA
2022 was a difficult year for equity investors as rising interest rates, increasing geopolitical risks and slowing economic growth put downward pressure on equities. However, factors such as dividend yield and value fared much better than the broader equity market due to their shorter durations. Despite this challenging economic environment, the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index posted an impressive 7.57% in 2022, representing 25.39% outperformance versus its benchmark. In this blog, we will analyze this index's methodology and examine the dividend yield and value tilts, all of which contributed to its outperformance.
To avoid value traps, the methodology begins by excluding the top 5% of stocks based on: (1) the average 12-month trailing dividend yield in the universe; and (2) the last 12-month dividend payout ratio in a GICS® sector. Additionally, only stocks that currently pay a dividend and have had positive revenue over the last 12 months are eligible.
Next, the index selects the top 60 stocks with the highest dividend yield within the eligible universe. These constituents are then weighted by their revenue for the trailing four quarters, with an individual constituent weight cap of 5%. This fundamental weighting approach, rather than a market-cap approach, gives the index a value tilt.
Historical Impact of Dividends on Total Return
Exhibit 2 shows the performance from June 30, 2003, to Dec. 31, 2022. Over this period, the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index posted a total return of 540.75% and a price return of 159.35%. Over the same period, the S&P 900 generated a total return of 489.32% and a price return of 303.49%.
As of Dec. 31, 2022, the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index's trailing one-year dividend yield was 3.99%, versus 1.74% for the S&P 900. Such dividend yield advantage, compounded and reinvested over many years, is a key determinant for the long-term total return outperformance of the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index compared with its benchmark.
Historical Performance in High-Inflation Environments
Given the current inflationary environment, it is important to understand how the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index has historically performed relative to its benchmark in similar economic climates. High-inflation periods are defined as at least 10 consecutive months where the year-over-year CPI rate exceeds 3%. Exhibit 3 shows that the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index outperformed its benchmark in all four recent inflationary environments.
Sector Composition
Over the long term, Exhibit 4 shows that the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index was overweight in the Utilities and Communication Services sectors (driven by the Telecommunication Services and Media industries) and underweight in Information Technology, Industrials and Health Care.
Factor Exposure
From a long-term factor perspective, the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index has demonstrated a value tilt, as shown in Exhibit 5. Using Axioma Risk Model Factor Z-scores from June 30, 2003, to Dec. 31, 2022, the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index had higher exposure to the book-to-price and dividend yield factors, similar exposure to earnings yield and lower exposure to growth factors such as sales and earnings growth when compared with the S&P 900.
The S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index has demonstrated solid outperformance over the long term, as well as in previous and current inflationary environments. Additionally, its emphasis on dividend yield and value could offer investors more protection against rising interest rates relative to its benchmark. For market participants who believe that the current economic environment may persist, the S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index might be an option worth considering.
Factors, Strategy
dividends, high inflation, S&P 900, S&P 900 Dividend Revenue-Weighted Index, strategy, US FA
Head of South Asia
Categories Equities, India
Tags active management, Active vs. Passive, indexing, India, Indian equities, passive investing, passive management, S&P BSE 100, SPIVA, spiva india
Indexing, also known as index-based or passive investing, has been slowly but steadily growing and transforming asset management and financial markets in India. For more than a decade, there has been a strong preference for actively managed funds among Indian investors, and understandably so as historically these were the only financial products that dominated the market for a long time.
However, in recent times, investors' appetites have been shifting to index-based strategies with the increasing availability of independent, transparent, and rules-based global, regional and local indices, along with market benchmarks in the country and, more broadly, the Asia-Pacific region.
Indeed, based on AMFI data, there has been a significant shift in the last few years, and investor interest in index-based or passive strategies is reflected in the growth of assets under management in index-based products such as exchange-traded funds. For example, 294 index-based products with aggregate assets of INR 6.46 lakh crore account for 16% of the total industry as of November 2022. If we compare this to the number from two years ago in 2020, the passive market accounted for only 9% of the total asset management industry, with 136 products and assets totaling INR 2.6 lakh crore.
The number of index-based products has doubled, and assets have increased over 2.5 times. The five-year growth story in assets and products has been exponential; while allocations to passive strategies previously made up a mere 3% of the total asset management industry in 2017—with 67 products and assets totaling INR 0.75 lakh crore—the assets in the market today reveal it has expanded 8 times.1
The benefits of indexing, including transparency, lower costs, and efficiency, have helped fuel the steady growth of indexing in the Indian market. The growth trends are the same in key markets globally, especially in the U.S., where the adoption of indexing is more advanced. In fact, according to S&P Dow Jones Indices' own estimates based on data derived from our core U.S. equities indices—the S&P 500®, S&P MidCap 400® and the S&P SmallCap 600®—indexing has saved investors more than USD 403 billion in active management fees over the past 26 years.
The performance of index-based funds versus actively managed funds is another key growth driver. For two decades now, S&P DJI has been tracking and comparing the performance of actively managed funds versus their respective benchmarks via its biannual S&P Indices Versus Active (SPIVA®) Scorecard, which has been the de facto scorekeeper of the ongoing active versus passive debate since its first publication in 2002. S&P DJI currently tracks performance data and publishes these scorecards in select markets in the Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa and APAC, including India.
While the results are not always the same, SPIVA Scorecards in the key markets S&P DJI follows displayed a common trend of actively managed funds trailing their benchmarks by 50% in the one-, three- and five-year categories in most countries (see Exhibit 1). As per the mid-year 2022 scorecards, this trend was particularly prevalent in the U.S., Mexico, Chile, Brazil, MENA, Europe, Japan, and India. The only exception among the mid-year 2022 reports were Canada, South Africa, and Australia.
More specifically, the SPIVA India Scorecard has provided a semiannual update on the active versus indexing debate in India since 2013. The India scorecard compares the performance of actively managed Indian mutual funds with S&P DJI benchmarks in their respective categories. In the long term, the majority of the active funds have not been able to outperform the benchmark since 2016, as shown by the 10-year data. The three- and five-year categories also displayed the most instances of over 50% underperformance of active funds since 2016. In particular, the year-end 2018 and mid-year 2022 scorecards showed the remarkable outperformance of the S&P BSE 100 compared with active funds of over 80% in the same categories.
The landscape for indexing is shifting rapidly. Not only are assets growing, but the variety of indexing choices is also growing—moving from core equities to market beta products, to sectors and factor-based indices. Factor indices such as low volatility, quality, momentum, and value are picking up wide interest as well. In addition, diversification and exposures to international indices are also making their way into passive or index-based strategies in India. As the understanding and knowledge of the benefits of index-based investing grows, there is further potential for expansion in India and globally.
1 Source: AMFI, https://www.amfiindia.com/research-information/amfi-monthly
Equities, India
active management, Active vs. Passive, indexing, India, Indian equities, passive investing, passive management, S&P BSE 100, SPIVA, spiva india
Cristopher Anguiano
Categories Equities
Tags GICS sectors, Latin America, Latin American equities, S&P Brazil LargeMidCap, S&P Colombia Select Index, S&P Composite 1500, S&P IPSA, S&P MERVAL Index, S&P/BLV Peru General Index, S&P/BMV IRT, U.S. Equities
2022 was a challenging year for equity markets, as central banks around the world hiked interest rates in response to surging inflation. U.S. equities were affected by the souring sentiment, with the S&P Composite 1500® down 17.8% in 2022. More broadly, all 25 countries in the S&P Global Developed BMI declined in U.S. dollar terms since the end of 2021, while 15 out of 24 S&P Emerging BMI countries declined by the same measure. However, Latin American equities had a stronger year than most regional markets: Exhibit 1 shows that equity markets in Argentina, Chile, Brazil and Peru increased in U.S. dollar terms last year.
Sector exposures were a key reason for performance differences in 2022. Exhibit 2 shows that many Latin American countries benefitted from having more (less) exposure to out- (under-) performing GICS® sectors compared to the S&P 1500™. Indeed, Latin American countries typically had greater weight in Energy, Financials, Materials and Consumer Staples, and less exposure to Information Technology and Consumer Discretionary.
Although the outperformance of domestic equity markets may be well received by investors across Latin America, some may wish to take a longer-term perspective. Over long-term horizons, the S&P Composite 1500 showed higher returns and lower risk compared to the country-specific indices. Exhibit 3 shows the rolling five-year risk-adjusted returns, where U.S. equities posted a higher return per unit of risk.
Combined with the less-than-perfect correlation between the performance of the S&P Composite 1500 and various countries in Latin America, it is unsurprising that Exhibit 4 shows that adding a U.S. equity allocation to a domestic equity allocation could have improved risk-adjusted returns, historically.
As a result, Latin American equity indices outperformed in 2022, as they benefitted from having less exposure to sectors that were most affected by higher interest rates. However, U.S. equities may still be relevant to investors in Latin America. Combining U.S. equity exposures with a domestic equity allocation could have improved risk-adjusted returns, historically, and the U.S. market's distinct sector exposures could help mitigate domestic sector biases.
GICS sectors, Latin America, Latin American equities, S&P Brazil LargeMidCap, S&P Colombia Select Index, S&P Composite 1500, S&P IPSA, S&P MERVAL Index, S&P/BLV Peru General Index, S&P/BMV IRT, U.S. Equities
Fiona Boal
Head of Commodities and Real Assets
Categories Commodities
Tags commodities, energy, grains, industrial metals, inflation, oil, real assets, S&P GSCI, S&P GSCI Gold, S&P GSCI Industrial Metals, S&P GSCI Livestock, S&P GSCI Natural Gas, S&P GSCI Petroleum, S&P GSCI Soybean, S&P GSCI Wheat
The market standard commodities benchmark, the S&P GSCI, performed admirably in 2022, rising 26%, outpacing other commodities indices and asset classes, as well as defying higher interest rates and growing fears of a prolonged global economic slowdown, while high inflation provided a solid backdrop for one of the most inflation-sensitive asset classes. Commodities has been the best-performing major asset class for each of the past two years.
It is not surprising that the energy complex enjoyed the strongest performance across commodities markets in 2022, with the S&P GSCI Petroleum rallying 44.6%. Oil prices surged in March as the Russia-Ukraine conflict disrupted global oil trade flows, but prices reversed in the second half of the year as recession risks multiplied. At the end of December, Russia delivered its long-awaited response to the Western price cap, announcing that it would ban the supply of oil and oil products for five months to countries that are party to the cap, starting on Feb. 1, 2023.
It was a wild ride for natural gas in 2022; the S&P GSCI Natural Gas ended the year up 19.8%, following a decline of 33.5% in December. Supply disruptions due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict sent global gas markets into override, but prices have more than halved since their mid-year highs, with stronger U.S. production and milder weather contributing to the reversal.
Despite starting the year with solid gains, industrial metals ended the year in negative territory, with the S&P GSCI Industrial Metals declining 7.6%. Inflation, COVID-19 lockdowns in top consumer China and coordinated interest rate rises hampered economic growth and weakened demand for industrial metals used in the power and construction industries, such as copper. 2022 will also be remembered as the year that the nickel market was rocked by a period of disorderly trade on the LME, leading to elevated periods of volatility and a slump in liquidity.
Performance across the agricultural markets was mixed. An ongoing drought in top soybean meal exporter Argentina and less competition from alternative oils such as sunflower and palm supported soybean prices, with the S&P GSCI Soybean ending the year up 28.9%. Wheat prices jumped to an all-time high following the Russian-Ukraine conflict (both major exporters of wheat). However, Black Sea exports picked up in the second half of the year, helped by a deal to create a safe shipping corridor for Ukrainian wheat and a record Russian harvest, ensuring that the S&P GSCI Wheat ended the year down 2.7%. Sugar racked up its fourth consecutive year of annual gains, while caffeine fans should be heartened by the fact that coffee was the worst performer in the S&P GSCI in 2022, falling 21.9%.
With the USD posting its biggest annual gain since 2015 and interest rates rising, it was no surprise that the yellow metal had a lackluster year. The S&P GSCI Gold ended 2022 down a little less than 1.0%. That said, gold performed admirably in the final few months of the year on expectations that the U.S. Fed could begin to scale back the pace of its interest rate hikes, strong central bank purchases and the ongoing challenges in the cryptocurrency ecosystem.
The S&P GSCI Livestock eked out a gain of 4.8% in 2022. Lean hogs were the best performer, benefitting from tight supplies and less competition from poultry.
To learn more about the S&P GSCI and related indices, check out our Commodities Theme Page.
commodities, energy, grains, industrial metals, inflation, oil, real assets, S&P GSCI, S&P GSCI Gold, S&P GSCI Industrial Metals, S&P GSCI Livestock, S&P GSCI Natural Gas, S&P GSCI Petroleum, S&P GSCI Soybean, S&P GSCI Wheat

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Changing spark standalone master port on windows I am new to spark (as of today). I have just installed in windows and seems to be running fine. The standalone master port for spark is 8080 which I need to change.
My understanding is that the change is made in conf/spark-env.cmd.
I see load-spark-env.cmd in the bin directory. This ends with the following block:
:LoadSparkEnv
if exist "%user_conf_dir%\spark-env.cmd" (
  call "%user_conf_dir%\spark-env.cmd"
 )

But I don't see spark-env.cmd in my conf dir. Nonetheless, spark does seem to start up cleanly when I run it.
Can someone advise me on how to proceed?

A: The answer is here

Cluster Managers Each cluster manager in Spark has additional configuration options. Configurations can be found on the pages for each mode: #### YARN #### Mesos #### Standalone Mode # Environment Variables Certain Spark settings can be configured through environment variables, which are read from the conf/spark-env.sh script in the directory where Spark is installed (or conf/spark-env.cmd on Windows). In Standalone and Mesos modes, this file can give machine specific information such as hostnames. It is also sourced when running local Spark applications or submission scripts. Note that conf/spark-env.sh does not exist by default when Spark is installed. However, you can copy conf/spark-env.sh.template to create it. Make sure you make the copy executable. The following variables can be set in spark-env.sh:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
local ship=Class("miner",res.shipClass.base)

local weapon=Class("sc_w",res.weaponClass.tesla)
weapon.static.damage=2
weapon.static.lines=2
weapon.static.life=30

function weapon:initialize(parent,x,y,rot)
	self.class.super.initialize(self,parent,x,y,rot)
	self.damage=weapon.damage
	self.lines=weapon.lines
	self.life=weapon.life
end

ship.static.energyMax=50
ship.static.armorMax=50
ship.static.price_m=100
ship.static.price_e=50
ship.static.name="miner"
ship.static.skin=70
ship.static.size=2
ship.static.speedMax=3
ship.static.speedAcc=0.3
ship.static.state="mine"
ship.static.isSP=true
ship.static.visualRange=500
ship.static.fireRange=50
ship.static.testRange=5000
ship.static.fireSys={
	{
		posX=3,
		posY=5,
		rot=0,
		wpn=weapon,
		cd=20,
		heat=0,
	},
}
ship.static.engineSys={
	{posX=-9,
	posY=0,
	rot=0,
	anim=2
	}
}
ship.static.abilities={
	["7"]={
		text="exploit", --技能名称
		icon=147, ---技能图标
		func=function(obj,x,y,ship) --技能函数
			local state=ship.state=="mine"  and "battle" or "mine"
			ship:switchState(state)
		end,
	}}

function ship:initialize(side,x,y,rot)
	self.class.super.initialize(self,side,x,y,rot)
	self.energyMax=ship.energyMax
	self.armorMax=ship.armorMax
	self.price_m=ship.price_m
	self.price_e=ship.price_e
	self.name=ship.name
	self.skin=ship.skin
	self.size=ship.size
	self.speedMax=ship.speedMax
	self.speedAcc=ship.speedAcc
	self.state=ship.state
	self.isSP=ship.isSP
	self.visualRange=ship.visualRange
	self.fireRange=ship.fireRange
	self.testRange=ship.testRange
	self.fireSys=ship.fireSys
	self.engineSys=ship.engineSys
	self.abilities=ship.abilities
	self:reset()
end
function ship:findTarget ()

	if self.target and self.target.dead  then
		self.target=nil
		self.rot=self.moveRot
		return false
	end
	if self.mine then return end

	local dist
	local pos
	local tar= self.state=="battle" and game.ship or game.rock
	local len= self.state=="battle" and self.visualRange or self.testRange
	for i,v in ipairs(tar) do
		local range=math.getDistance(self.x,self.y,v.x,v.y)
		local test=range<len and range or nil
		if self.state=="battle" then --战斗中只找不同队伍的
			if v.side==self.side then
				test=nil
			end
		else --采集中只找没有主的
			if v.exploiter and v.exploiter~=self then
				test= nil
			end
		end
		if  test then

			if not dist then
				dist=test
				pos=i
			else
				if dist>test then
					dist=test
					pos=i
				end
			end
		end
	end
	if dist then
		if self.state=="mine" then
			if tar[pos]~= self.target then
				tar[pos].exploiter=nil
			end
			self.target=tar[pos]
			self.fireRange=self.r+self.target.r
			self.target.exploiter=self
		else
			self.target=tar[pos]
		end

	end

	if self.target then
		local range=math.getDistance(self.x,self.y,self.target.x,self.target.y)
		if range>len then
			self.target=nil
			return false
		else
			return true
		end
	else
		return false
	end
end

function ship:switchState(state)
	self.state=state
	if self.mine then
		self.exploiter=nil
		self.mine.freeze=false
	end
	self.target=nil
	if self.mine then self.mine:destroy() end
	self.mine=nil
	self.inFireRange=false
	self.inVisualRange=false
	self:hold()
end

function ship:moveToTarget() --如果当前状态是采矿 那么就去采矿
	if self.state=="battle" or (not self.target) then return end
	if self.mine then --如果得到了矿 则回基地
		local dist=math.getDistance(self.x,self.y,self.parent.x,self.parent.y)
		if dist<self.r+self.parent.r then
			self.mine.dead=true
			self.mine=nil
			self.parent.mineral=self.parent.mineral+3
			return
		else
			self.class.super.moveTo(self,self.parent.x,self.parent.y)
		end
	else --如果未得到 则飞向矿直到进入火力
		if self.inVisualRange and not self.dx and not self.inFireRange  then
			self.class.super.moveTo(self,self.target.x,self.target.y)
			self.target.exploiter=self
		end

		if self.inFireRange then
			self:hold()
		end
	end
end

function ship:moveTo(x,y)
	self.class.super.moveTo(self,x,y)
	--self.state="battle"
	if self.target then
		self.target.exploiter=nil
		self.target=nil
	end
	if self.mine then
		self.mine.exploiter=nil
		self.mine.freeze=false
		self.mine=nil
	end
end

function ship:update(dt)
	self.class.super.update(self,dt)
	self:moveToTarget()
	self.rot=self.moveRot
end

function ship:draw()
	self.class.super.draw(self)
	if self.mine then
		self.mine.x=self.x+math.sin(-self.rot+math.pi/2)*(self.r+self.mine.r)
		self.mine.y=self.y+math.cos(-self.rot+math.pi/2)*(self.r+self.mine.r)
		self.mine:draw()
	end
end

return ship

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
H.R.3006 - Renewable Fuel Standard Integrity Act of 2019116th Congress (2019-2020) |
Rep. Peterson, Collin C. [D-MN-7] (Introduced 05/23/2019)
House - 05/23/2019 Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. (All Actions)
Sponsor: Rep. Peterson, Collin C. [D-MN-7] | Cosponsor statistics: 36 current - includes 4 original
Rep. Johnson, Dusty [R-SD-At Large]* 05/23/2019
Rep. Marshall, Roger W. [R-KS-1]* 05/23/2019
Rep. Loebsack, David [D-IA-2]* 05/23/2019
Rep. Axne, Cynthia [D-IA-3] 06/03/2019
Rep. King, Steve [R-IA-4] 06/03/2019
Rep. Smith, Adrian [R-NE-3] 06/10/2019
Rep. Finkenauer, Abby [D-IA-1] 06/10/2019
Rep. Bustos, Cheri [D-IL-17] 06/10/2019
Rep. Watkins, Steve [R-KS-2] 06/11/2019
Rep. Bost, Mike [R-IL-12] 06/13/2019
Rep. Craig, Angie [D-MN-2] 06/13/2019
Rep. LaHood, Darin [R-IL-18] 06/18/2019
Rep. Pocan, Mark [D-WI-2] 06/18/2019
Rep. Kinzinger, Adam [R-IL-16] 06/19/2019
Rep. Graves, Sam [R-MO-6] 07/09/2019
Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2] 07/16/2019
Rep. Hartzler, Vicky [R-MO-4] 07/18/2019
Rep. Hagedorn, Jim [R-MN-1] 08/02/2019
Rep. Luetkemeyer, Blaine [R-MO-3] 08/02/2019
Rep. Fortenberry, Jeff [R-NE-1] 08/23/2019
Rep. Mitchell, Paul [R-MI-10] 09/12/2019
Rep. Steube, W. Gregory [R-FL-17] 09/13/2019
Rep. Riggleman, Denver [R-VA-5] 09/17/2019
Rep. Scott, David [D-GA-13] 09/18/2019
Rep. Moolenaar, John R. [R-MI-4] 09/18/2019
Rep. Underwood, Lauren [D-IL-14] 09/24/2019
Rep. Cleaver, Emanuel [D-MO-5] 10/01/2019
Rep. Comer, James [R-KY-1] 10/08/2019
Rep. Turner, Michael R. [R-OH-10] 10/16/2019
Rep. Krishnamoorthi, Raja [D-IL-8] 10/18/2019
Rep. Casten, Sean [D-IL-6] 10/18/2019
Rep. Steil, Bryan [R-WI-1] 11/19/2019
05/23/2019 - Rep. Johnson, Dusty [R-SD-At Large]*
05/23/2019 - Rep. Marshall, Roger W. [R-KS-1]*
05/23/2019 - Rep. Loebsack, David [D-IA-2]*
06/03/2019 - Rep. Axne, Cynthia [D-IA-3]
06/03/2019 - Rep. King, Steve [R-IA-4]
06/10/2019 - Rep. Smith, Adrian [R-NE-3]
06/10/2019 - Rep. Finkenauer, Abby [D-IA-1]
06/10/2019 - Rep. Bustos, Cheri [D-IL-17]
06/11/2019 - Rep. Watkins, Steve [R-KS-2]
06/13/2019 - Rep. Bost, Mike [R-IL-12]
06/13/2019 - Rep. Craig, Angie [D-MN-2]
06/18/2019 - Rep. LaHood, Darin [R-IL-18]
06/18/2019 - Rep. Pocan, Mark [D-WI-2]
06/19/2019 - Rep. Kinzinger, Adam [R-IL-16]
07/09/2019 - Rep. Graves, Sam [R-MO-6]
07/16/2019 - Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2]
07/18/2019 - Rep. Hartzler, Vicky [R-MO-4]
08/02/2019 - Rep. Hagedorn, Jim [R-MN-1]
08/02/2019 - Rep. Luetkemeyer, Blaine [R-MO-3]
08/23/2019 - Rep. Fortenberry, Jeff [R-NE-1]
09/12/2019 - Rep. Mitchell, Paul [R-MI-10]
09/13/2019 - Rep. Steube, W. Gregory [R-FL-17]
09/17/2019 - Rep. Riggleman, Denver [R-VA-5]
09/18/2019 - Rep. Scott, David [D-GA-13]
09/18/2019 - Rep. Moolenaar, John R. [R-MI-4]
09/24/2019 - Rep. Underwood, Lauren [D-IL-14]
10/01/2019 - Rep. Cleaver, Emanuel [D-MO-5]
10/08/2019 - Rep. Comer, James [R-KY-1]
10/16/2019 - Rep. Turner, Michael R. [R-OH-10]
10/18/2019 - Rep. Krishnamoorthi, Raja [D-IL-8]
10/18/2019 - Rep. Casten, Sean [D-IL-6]
11/19/2019 - Rep. Steil, Bryan [R-WI-1]


text:
CURE Pharmaceutical Announces Promotions and Additions to Board of Directors
CBDEmerging MarketsHemp
CURE Pharmaceutical Holdings ("CURE" or the "Company") (OTC: CURR), a holding company focused on the innovation of pharmaceutical technology, wellness products and drug delivery, announced today updates and additions to its Board of Directors.
After his dedicated tenure as Chairman of the Board, Mr. William Yuan is transitioning to Chairman Emeritus and will continue to serve the Company as a Key Advisor. Rubén José King-Shaw Jr, a highly qualified and respected member of the Board, has been selected to step into that role. Mr. King-Shaw brings with him three decades of executive leadership experience in the healthcare technology and private equity sectors. He recently served on the board of Atlanta-based Cotiviti Holdings, Inc. and currently serves on the board of US Retina of Denver, CO. Past board service consists of Lead Director of Athenahealth; Independent Living Systems, of Miami, FL; and WellCare Health Plans, Inc. of Tampa, FL. Mr. King-Shaw served on the Obama Administration's Medicare Program Advisory and Oversight Committee and he was COO and Deputy Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) during the administration of President George W. Bush, administering a federal budget of $600 billion. Mr. King-Shaw also served as Senior Advisor to the Secretary of the US Treasury.
He is currently serving as Chief Strategy Officer of Steward Health Care Systems, LLC, and has held C-suite positions with leading private companies including Neighborhood Health Partnership, Inc. and JMH Health Plan.
Additionally, the Company welcomes Dov Szapiro to its Board. Mr. Szapiro brings more than 20 years of experience as a CEO, investor, advisor, and board member in companies across multiple industries and different growth phases. Currently, he serves as a Co-Founder, Managing Partner and Principal of Entourage Effect Capital, one of the cannabis industry's most highly regarded investment firms. Prior to Entourage Effect Capital, Mr. Szapiro co-founded AFS Acceptance LLC, where he served as President and CEO. As AFS' CEO, Mr. Szapiro's main responsibility was to provide the vision and strategic leadership for AFS to expand into 30 states. In 2015, Mr. Szapiro led the negotiations of a strategic sale to Credito Real SAB de CV, Mexico's largest non-bank financial institution listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange. Prior to co-founding AFS, Mr. Szapiro was a Director of business development for GovWorks, Inc, an internet start-up in the e-government sector. Earlier in his career, Mr. Szapiro was an analyst for Bassini, Playfair + Associates, a $1.2 billion emerging markets private equity firm. Mr. Szapiro also serves as Member of the Board of Directors of several companies including Conception Nurseries, a global leader focused on tissue culture micropropagation for the cannabis industry.
"We thank Mr. Yuan for his dedicated leadership of CURE's Board of Directors and we are honored to have him stay with us as Chairman Emeritus and Key Advisor to the Board and executive team, as he leads the Company in its continued progress for dynamic international expansion and global revenue traction. As our Company continues to grow and evolve, so does our Board of Directors and we are confident in Mr. King-Shaw Jr.'s ability to lead our Board in continued success," said CURE Pharmaceutical Chief Executive Officer Rob Davidson. "We are also honored to have Mr. Szapiro join us as one of the cannabis industry's lead investors. Through his decades of experience as a founder and CEO leading companies from scaling up to exit, as well as an investor and board member, he has gained valuable knowledge of what it takes to drive a publicly traded company to success and we look forward to working with him in our various business development initiatives, driving an accretive M&A strategy to execute our growth plans and further expand our presence in the wellness space, including the endocannabinoid research division."
To learn more about CURE, visit https://www.curepharmaceutical.com/.
About CURE Pharmaceutical Holding Corp.
CURE Pharmaceutical® is the pioneering developer of CUREform™, a patented drug delivery platform that offers a number of unique immediate- and controlled-release drug delivery vehicles designed to improve drug efficacy, safety, and patient experience for a wide range of active ingredients.
As a vertically integrated company, CURE's 25,000 square foot, FDA-registered, NSF® and cGMP-certified manufacturing facility enables it to partner with pharmaceutical and wellness companies worldwide for private and white-labeled production. CURE has partnerships in the U.S., China, Mexico, Canada, Israel, and other markets in Europe.
Statements CURE makes in this press release may include statements which are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), which are usually identified by the use of words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "projects," "seeks," "should," "will," and variations of such words or similar expressions. CURE intends these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act and is making this statement for purposes of complying with those safe harbor provisions. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the ability to successfully market the partnered products, the difficulty in predicting the timing or outcome of related research and development efforts, partnered product characteristics and indications, marketing approvals and launches of other products, the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation, the impact of competitive products and pricing, the acceptance and demand of new pharmaceutical products, the impact of patents and other proprietary rights held by competitors and other third parties and the ability to obtain financing on favorable terms. The forward-looking statements in this press release reflect CURE's judgment as of the date of this press release. CURE disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements. This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of our securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.
Investment Media Contact:
Kathryn Brown
Account Supervisor
CMW Media
cure@cmwmedia.com
Gary Zwetchkenbaum
Plum Tree Consulting
gzplumtree@gmail.com
Tags: BioTech, CBD, Hemp, Marijuana, Medical, Therapy
Gourmet Provisions International Corp. (GMPR) Announces they have Issued a …


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The silicone surfactants market is projected to grow from USD 4.19 billion in 2017 to USD 5.73 billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period. The rising demand for silicone surfactants from the personal care and other end-use industries is anticipated to drive the growth of this market. However, the high cost of silicone surfactants is expected to constrain the market growth.
The emulsifiers application segment of the silicone surfactants market is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Silicone surfactants have low surface tension in comparison to hydrocarbon surfactants and are strong emulsifiers, which make them suitable for various end-use industries.
The personal care end-use industry segment of the silicone surfactants market is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Silicone surfactants are widely used in applications such as skincare, haircare, and personal hygiene products in the personal care industry. The rise in the number of working women and growing demand for men's grooming products are driving the personal care industry.
Based on region, the silicone surfactants market in Asia Pacific is expected to grow at the highest CAGR from 2017 to 2022. The increasing demand for silicone surfactants from the personal care industry in China and India is anticipated to drive the growth of the market in this region. In addition, increasing e-commerce activities in Asia Pacific is fueling the growth of personal care products in this region.
As part of the qualitative analysis, this report provides a comprehensive overview of major market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. It also discusses competitive leadership mapping and strategies adopted by key market players, such as Evonik Industries (Germany), Dow Corning (US), Momentive Performance Materials (US), Wacker Chemie (Germany), Innospec (US), Shin-Etsu Chemical (Japan), Siltech (Canada), Elé (US), Elkem (France), Supreme Silicones (India), Silibase Silicone (China), and Jiangsu Maysta Chemical (China).
The report provides an analysis of the silicone surfactants market across different regions, such as Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa. It aims at estimating the market size and growth potential of various market segments based on application and end-use industry. Furthermore, the report also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of key players in the market, in addition to company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.


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Nation 06 Dec 2018 | 12:00 AM
One-stop education fair returns in January
PETALING JAYA: The Star Education Fair 2019 will be held on Jan 5 and 6.
Nation 26 Oct 2018 | 9:15 AM
FAQs about Lynas Malaysia
Q & A with Datuk Mashal Ahmad, Fatahiah Md Saad, Prof Ismail Bahari and Dr Kam Leung.
Education 21 Oct 2018 | 12:00 AM
Alumni making an impact
In part two of our report on the 25th anniversary celebration of the Star Education Fund, the alumni share in their own words how the scholarships have made a difference
Making education dreams come true
The Star Education Fund celebrates its silver anniversary by transforming the lives of its scholarship recipients together with its partners-in-education
Staying ahead of the learning curve
The brain-based approach includes any teaching technique or strategy that utilises information about how the brain works and stores information.
Partners-in-education
"We have been a partner with The Star for more than two decades in providing scholarships to deserving Malaysian students. In line with our founder, Tan Sri Jeffrey Cheah's mission and commitment to give back to society and the belief that education could lift one out of poverty, the Sunway Education Group through the Jeffrey Cheah Foundation (JCF) has been championing sustainable education since the late 1980s. Tan Sri has pledged to disburse RM1bil worth of scholarships in his lifetime and to date the JCF has awarded RM330mil and another RM70mil (the highest amount awarded in one ceremony so far) will be given out by the end of this year.
Nation 10 Oct 2018 | 12:44 PM
Media must be independent for a democratic press
SUBANG JAYA: There will be some changes in the "new" Malaysia landscape, which will benefit journalism, said the Malaysian Press Institute.
Nation 07 Oct 2018 | 12:00 AM
Star Education Fund a silver lining for 25 years
PETALING JAYA: In its 25 years of existence, the Star Education Fund has transformed the lives of many and one such person is medical student Yee Shermaine.
AseanPlus News 23 Sep 2018 | 5:07 AM
Analysts: China comes out ahead in Vatican deal
Shanghai (AFP) - The landmark deal between China and the Vatican is a win for Beijing, giving official recognition to bishops appointed by the government despite a crackdown on religion, and potentially softening the ground for full diplomatic relations after 67 years of estrangement, analysts said.
Fake news still a crime in Malaysia
In this transition period, where rules are constantly being negotiated and renegotiated, we may see attempts by individuals or groups to use the law against activists or politicians, and even the media.


Last Friday, the UK government abstained on an important vote to hold Israel responsible for unlawful use of force against protesters in Gaza. The vote was on the recommendations of a UN Independent Commission of Inquiry Report into Israeli actions last March.
The government joined with 15 other nations in not voting on an accountability resolution moving to adopt a UN report condemning Israel's "intentional use of unlawful lethal and other excessive force" against civilian protesters in 2018.
This decision was despite the fact that the Palestine Solidarity Campaign, War on Want and others reporting that over 5,000 emails have been sent to MPs and the Foreign Office calling on them to support the recommendations of the UN independent commission of inquiry report into Israeli war crimes against Palestinian civilians.
Despite the position of the UK Government the resolution did pass at the ongoing UN Human Rights Council in Geneva, with 23 countries voting in favour and only eight voting against. Current government policy condemns settlements as illegal under international law and calls on Israel to cease all settlement expansion. Yet despite this apparent acceptance that international law should be applied, in what can only be described as an example of double standards and hypocrisy, the Tory government abstained anyway.
The same has been true for other resolutions relating to the right of the Palestinian people – to self-determination, human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Israeli settlements in occupied territories – which were all voted against by the UK government. You cannot pick and choose when to support international law. The British government should promote human rights and respect for international law on the world stage, but instead (including when it comes to Palestine) it too often just follows Trump's reactionary lead.
It needs to be replaced by a Labour government with a progressive, ethical foreign policy, including in defence of the rights of the Palestinian people.
If you would like to help in this regard, please sign the Labour & Palestine 'Speaking up for Palestine' statement here.
On Saturday March 30 UK-based organisations campaigning on Palestinian rights have called a national day of action for Palestine on Saturday 30th March – the 1st anniversary of the start of the Great Return March in Gaza. You can see information on how to join them here.
You can also follow Labour & Palestine Twitterand Facebook to get the latest information.
Previous Work, work, work … until death?


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[rti_india] Re: Plenary Powers - Examples and Citations
It is clear that IC(MLS) is exercising his powers to ensure that (long delayed) information reaches the applicants - HE MUST BE COMMENDED FOR THIS. It is very well settled judicially that "procedure is a mere handmaiden to justice and should not come in her way".
IC(MLS) obviously takes the view that information is a Fundamental Right, and that all citizens are in any case entitled to information on demand from the State. As such an Appellate body is fully empowered to dispense with minor procedural defects in the interest of securing justice speedily. He has also considered that where the applicant is in any case entitled to the information it would be perverse to expect him to file a fresh application to secure the information.
Now the question you should consider:- a) IC(MLS) is our groups' best rated IC - should the other ICs emulate him in exercising their (plenary) powers - in favour of applicants?
--- In rti_india@yahoogroups.com, C K Jam <rtiwanted@...> wrote:
> Dear Mr Sarbajit,
> Here are some examples.
> I would also like to mention that IC MLS is the only IC using such "plenary powers".
> Never saw any order of any other IC using such "plenary powers".
> http://cic.gov.in/CIC-Orders/LS-22102009-02.pdf
> Vide RTI application dated 29.8.2008, the appellant had sought photocopies of the Measurement Book for 2008. When queried as to why no information was provided to the appellant, Shri P.K. Sharma would submit that the appellant had not produced proof of deposition of fee of Rs. 10/-.
> 6 Be that as it may, in exercise of its plenary powers, the requirement of fee is waived off. The appellant scales down his requirement for information to Ward Nos. I, II & VI, for the period January, 2008 to August, 2009.
> As regards paras 2 & 3 of the RTI application, the appellant was offered copies of documents on payment of fee. However, he has not awaited of this offer.
> DECISION
> 4. In exercise of our plenary powers, we direct the CPIO to provide copies of these documents to the appellant, free of cost.
> In exercise of its plenary powers, the Commission hereby orders that the present RTI application may be treated as application having been filed under section 6(1) of the RTI Act.
> The matter was heard on 24.6.2009. The complainant is not present. The public authority is represented by the officers named above. It is the submission of Ms. Rane that no information has been provided to the complainant as his RTI application was not accompanied with requisite fee of Rs. 10/-.
> 3. In excise of its plenary powers, the Commission waives off the requirement of the fee and directs Ms. Rane to provide requisite information to the complainant in next 03 weeks time.
> Be it as it may, the RTI application could not be entertained due to technical reasons and in the process valuable time was lost. Its time now to resolve the issue by way of furnishing requisite information to the complainant. The Commission condones the requirement of fee in excise of its plenary powers under the RTI Act.
> The matter was fixed for hearing on 2.6.2009. The parties did not appear. Non-appearance of the representative of EPFO is viewed adversely. The Commission in excise of its plenary powers u/s 19 (8) (a) condons the irregularities in the deposition of fee and directs the CPIO to provide information in the tabulated form to the complainant in 04 weeks time.
> (Here he has used the word "expedient" instead of "plenary"
> As mentioned above, DDA does not have any objection to providing him copies of documents but he has been asked to pay certain fee for it. In the facts and circumstances of the case, it appears expedient to the Commission that the Appellant takes inspection of the documents and also is provided copies of specified documents, free of cost, but the number of such documents should not exceed 200.
> (This looks like a "borderline" example to me)
> Heard on 11.9.2009. Appellant not present. The public authority is represented by the officers named above. It is the submission of Shri Aarsee Prasad that there has been no delay on his part in disposing of the RTI application in as much as RTI application was received on 4.3.2009 and the same was decided on 1.4.2009. The contention of the CPIO is correct and, therefore, the plea of delay on the part of CPIO is not sustainable. It may, however, be noted that as per the provision of law, the appellant is entitled for information at the prescribed fee. Even so, in exercise of its plenary powers, the Commission waves off the requirement of payment of Rs. 168/- by the appellant and directs the CPIO to provide him requisite documents free of cost.
> In the complaint filed before the Commission, Shri Joshi has mentioned that his RTI application was dismissed out of hand by NHRC on the technical ground of the fee of Rs. 10/- not been deposited in the proper form and asking him to send the fee as prescribed in the rules...........
> 3. Shri Joshi is hereby advised to send a fresh letter to NHRC clearly indicating the information required by him, whereupon the PIO will send him the requisite response. The requirement of fee of Rs. 10/- is hereby waived off by the Commission in exercise of its plenary powers.
> It is to be noted that under section 7(6) of the RTI Act, information is to be provided free of cost where a public authority fails to conform with the time limits prescribed in section 7(1). The question before us is whether the prescribed time limits have been transgressed. It needs to be reiterated that RTI application was filed on 26/12/2008 which, according to Dr. Gaikward, was received in his office on 09/01/2009. This was decided by him on 04/02/2009, i.e., within the statutory period. The plea of Dr. Gaikward, thus, appears to have merit that information cannot be provided free of cost, let alone payment of any compensation. Even so, given the fact that only 13 pages of the documents are required to be provided, the Commission, in exercise of its plenary powers, orders that certified copies of the requested documents my be provided, free of cost, regardless of the fact that the CPIO had decided the appeal within the statutory period. There is no
> case for payment of any compensation.
> (Here he has waived off the limitation period for appeal)
> RTIwanted
> From: sarbajitr <sroy1947@...>
> If you have specific examples which violate my analysis please cite them.
Messages in this topic (10)


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Kyrgyzstan elects new prime minister, rearrests former president as unrest deepens over disputed elections
The former president of Kyrgyzstan has rearrested as the country's incumbent leader try to regain support after days of unrest over a disputed election.
Forces detained ex-leader Almazbek Atambayev in a raid on Saturday.
He had been freed by supporters days earlier in protests against last Sunday's contested parliamentary poll.
The election has triggered a political crisis in the Central Asian country.
On Saturday Kyrgyzstan's parliament named nationalist politician Sadyr Zhaparov as new prime minister, after his predecessor stepped down, opening up a power vacuum.
Mr Zhaparov is also among the several prominent politicians who were freed this week during the protests. He had been serving a prison sentence on charges of taking a government official hostage in 2013.
The unrest began after demonstrators took to the streets of the capital Bishkek and stormed government buildings on Tuesday, demanding a new vote and the resignation of pro-Russian President Sooronbay Jeenbekov.
They said the election results had been rigged – claims international monitors said were "credible" and a cause for "serious concern".
President Jeenbekov has said he will resign when a new government is formed and the rule of law is restored.
In the meantime, the president has declared a state of emergency, after demonstrations on Friday spiralled into violence and clashes with police.
ist fights broke out among groups supporting rival politicians who were vying to become the country's new prime minister.
More than 1,200 people have been injured and one person has been killed in street clashes since protests erupted. Police have reportedly used water cannon, stun grenades and tear gas to disperse protesters.
Now, a curfew and strict military restrictions have been imposed, including controls on who can travel in and out of the capital.
The landlocked country, which borders China, was part of the Soviet Union until independence in 1991. It has a reputation for holding semi-free and fair elections in comparison with some of its neighbours, but uprisings in 2005 and 2010 swept previous presidents from power.
The latest political instability has concerned Kyrgyzstan ally Russia, which has played a role in mediating recent crises in other post-Soviet states, including Belarus.
Tags Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan elects new prime minister rearrests former president as unrest deepens over disputed elections
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Saint Anthony Abbot
He was born at Koman, near Memphis, Upper Egypt, of well-to-do Christian parents; he distributed their inheritance on their death about 269, placed his sister in a convent, and in 272 became a hermit in a tomb in a cemetery near Koman. He lived a life of prayer, penance, and the strictest austerity, ate only bread and water once a day, and engaged in struggles with the devil and temptations that are legendary. About 285, in quest of greater solitude, he left this hermitage and took up residence in an old fort atop Mount Pispir (now Der el Memun), living in complete solitude and seeing no one, eating only what was thrown to him over the wall of the fort. After twenty years, in 305, he emerged to organize at Fayum the colony of ascetics that had grown around his retreat into a loosely organized monastery with a rule, though each monk lived in solitude except for worship. It was the first Christian monastery. In 311, at the height of Emperor Maximin's persecution, he went to Alexandria to give encouragement to the Christians being persecuted there. He returned when the persecution subsided and organized another monastery at Pispir but again retired, this time to Mount Kolzim near the Red Sea, with a disciple, Macarius. About 355, Anthony again went Alexandria to join those combating Arianism, working with his close friend St. Athanasius, whose Vita Antonii is the chief source of information about Anthony. On his return, he retired to a cave on Mount Kolzim, where he received visitors and dispensed advice until his death there on January 17. Anthony was the founder of Christian monasticism and was famous all over the civilized world for his holiness, asceticism, and wisdom, and was consulted by people from all walks oflife, from Emperor Constantine to the humblest monk.
Image by the Master of the Observance, after 1425.


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Phase 3 Trial of Idera's IMO-2125 Combo Therapy Is Recruiting Advanced Melanoma Patients
A new Phase 3 trial for advanced melanoma patients who failed to respond to Opdivo (nivolumab) or Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is recruiting participants to evaluate Idera Pharmaceutical's experimental immunotherapy, IMO-2125, in combination with Yervoy (ipilimumab).
The study, called ILLUMINATE 301 (NCT03445533), will determine if the combination is better at extending survival than Yervoy alone. Another primary goal is to determine the proportion of patients responding to the treatment.
"We are excited to initiate the ILLUMINATE 301 trial, grateful to our advisers who have worked with us to design this pivotal trial and very encouraged by the enthusiasm of investigators to participate in the study," Joanna Horobin, Idera's chief medical officer, said in a press release. "
"We look forward to working together to conduct and complete this trial, so that we may bring IMO-2125 to the market as soon as possible for patients who are not benefiting from anti-PD-1 therapy," she added.
The trial is expected to enroll 308 patients with advanced melanoma, whose disease progressed while on anti-PD-1 therapy (Opdivo or Keytruda). Patients are being recruited in the United States — currently at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Maryland — but Idera will expand its recruitment efforts to other U.S. and international sites for a total of 80 centers.
Participants will be randomly assigned IMO-2125 plus Yervoy or Yervoy alone. IMO-2125 will be delivered directly into the tumor in nine doses. Yervoy will be administered intravenously in four doses.
Preclinical and Phase 1/2 trial data have shown that the combination of IMO-2125 and Yervoy is well-tolerated and actively promotes anti-tumor immune responses. The treatment induced responses even in distant tumors that did not receive IMO-2125 treatment.
This happens when immune cells from the treated tumor are primed to recognize the cancer cells and travel through the body to eliminate signs of cancer in distant locations.
The Phase 3 trial is now expected to provide definite evidence that IMO-2125 plus Yervoy is better than Yervoy alone in this patient population.
IMO-2125 works by activating a protein called toll-like receptor (TLR9), found at the surface of immune cells — dendritic and B-cells. Once activated by the treatment, these cells will go on to activate cancer-fighting T-cells.
The experimental drug received fast track status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in November 2017. The designation ensures expedited development and review of medicines for serious or life-threatening disease, such as refractory metastatic melanoma.
"For our advanced melanoma patients who have not benefited from anti-PD-1 therapy and in BRAF mutant melanoma, BRAF targeted therapy, there are very few, limited options available today," said Ahmad Tarhini, MD, director of the Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program at Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute.
"I am encouraged by the data that has been demonstrated to date with IMO-2125 and am hopeful that this Phase 3 trial offers hope to this large group of patients whose treatment options are very limited," he said.
Tagged Idera Pharmaceuticals, ILLUMINATE 301 Phase 3 trial, IMO-2125, KEYTRUDA, melanoma, Opdivo, Phase 3 trial, recruiting, TLR9 agonist, Yervoy.
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T-cell Therapy Showing Promise in Synovial Sarcoma Patients in Phase 1 Trial


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Tag Archives: Anglo-Saxons
L is for Lord Of The Rings
April 13, 2018 by rolandclarke
The aim of my Blogging From A to Z Challenge is to find the origins of online games, some relatively modern and some with ancient roots. Gaming might well be a modern take on an art that is almost timeless – storytelling. A perfect excuse for a writer to delve a little deeper.
[Visit here for links to other A to Z participants.]
Game: LOTRO or The Lord of the Rings Online is an engrossing MMORPG set in Middle-earth, the high-fantasy universe based upon J. R. R. Tolkien's writings.
Developer: Turbine
Genre/gameplay mechanics: MMORPG mechanics with special features such as traits, deeds and reputation; PVE and PvMP (Player vs Monster Player); avatar selected from six races and ten classes; evolving/learnable skills; questing through virtual game-world; six-player Fellowships (groups); Kinships (clans); crafting; housing; musical instruments, festivals.
Setting: 25 distinct and semi-realistic regions of Middle Earth during the time period of The Lord of the Rings (LOTR). Each Region of Middle-earth is represented as being permanently "frozen" at a certain point in time. For example, it is always September of the Year 3018 of the Third Age in the Shire, December 3018 in Rivendell, February 3019 in Lothlórien, etc.
Storytelling: The player starts simultaneously with Frodo and company leaving The Shire and their actions on the Epic Quest Line (main storyline) are helping the Ringbearer on his task, while combating the forces of evil. These are extra events created by the makers of the game but based on LOTR lore. Throughout, the player interacts with characters from The LOTR at key moments. Standard side-quests are new stories.
The game's milieu is based on The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. However, the developers do not have rights to any other works in Tolkien's legendarium, such as The Silmarillion, but intend to develop their interpretation of the Middle Earth world.
Releases + Expansions: In addition to regular free updates, six expansion packs have been released:
– Mines of Moria: 2008 – this expansion featured the underground world of Dwarrowdwelf.
– Siege of Mirkwood: 2009 – introduced Mirkwood region and the skirmish system.
– Rise of Isengard: 2011 – introduced Dunland region and new instances in Isengard.
– Riders of Rohan: 2012 – featured mounted combat and introduced East Rohan.
– Helm's Deep: 2013 – introduced "epic battles" and a new region in Rohan (West Rohan).
– Mordor: – 2017 after three years of minor free updates. It introduced Plateau of Gorgoroth region and new instances in Mordor.
Formats: Microsoft Windows and OS X
Origins (Chronological) – :
Published in three volumes over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955, J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold. Although a major work in itself, the story was only the last movement of a larger epic Tolkien had worked on since 1917, in a process he described as mythopoeia. In 2003, it was named Britain's best-loved novel of all time in the BBC's The Big Read.
1937 – The Lord of the Rings started as a sequel to J. R. R. Tolkien's work The Hobbit, published by George Allen & Unwin.
1936 – "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" was a 1936 lecture given by J. R. R. Tolkien on literary criticism on the Old English heroic epic poem Beowulf. Tolkien also revealed how highly he regarded the poem: "Beowulf is among my most valued sources", and this influence may be seen throughout his Middle-earth legendarium Plus, reading the lecture in my teens was my first encounter with the Professor.
1920-1959 – LOTRencompasses many influences, including religious and mythological sources from Tolkien's academic studies and from personal experiences.
The Völsunga saga is a legendary saga, a late 13th-century Icelandic prose rendition of the origin and decline of the Völsung clan featuring, in particular, a magical golden ring and a broken sword re-forged.
1220 – The Prose Edda, also known as the Younger Edda, Snorri's Edda often assumed to have been written, or at least compiled, by the Icelandic scholar, lawspeaker and historian Snorri Sturluson. Tolkien's Elves and Dwarves are by and large based on these and related sagas.
9th-11th century – The influence of the Welsh language, which Tolkien had learned, is summarized in his essay English and Welsh: "If I may once more refer to my work. The Lord of the Rings, in evidence: the names of persons and places in this story were mainly composed on patterns deliberately modelled on those of Welsh (closely similar but not identical). This element in the tale has given perhaps more pleasure to more readers than anything else in it."
10th century – Beowulf one of the most important works of Old English literature. A date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. Tolkien was a Professor of Old English/Anglo-Saxon and Middle English language and literature, and this literature, particularly Beowulf, influenced his own writings.
A final question: was Tolkien creating a new mythology or building on others? See – Simon J Cook's J R R Tolkien's Lost English Mythology.
Adaptations set in the 'Lord of the Rings' universe – (Middle-earth would be too numerous):
FILMS – Three film adaptations of The Lord of the Rings have been made. The first was The Lord of the Rings (1978), by animator Ralph Bakshi, the first part of what was originally intended to be a two-part adaptation of the story. The second, The Return of the King (1980), was a television special by Rankin-Bass. The third was director Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, released in three instalments as The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003).
TELEVISION – there has been a Swedish TV series and a Finnish one. Amazon is reputed to be developing an adaptation with Warner Bros. Television and the estate of J.R.R. Tolkien.
STAGE – several adaptations have been made including musicals.
AUDIO – over a dozen recordings and radio plays have been made, notably the BBC broadcast dramatisation in 26 half-hour instalments. It starred Ian Holm as Frodo Baggins, the protagonist; he would play Bilbo Baggins, his character's cousin/uncle, in the Peter Jackson films.
VIDEO GAMES – over two dozen games have been produced including The Lord of the Rings Online. The two most recent are: 2011 – Lord of the Rings: War in the North is an action RPG that takes place in Northern Middle-earth; 2014 – Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is an action RPG – with a sequel, titled Middle-earth: Shadow of War in 2017.
Recommendation: The Lord of the Rings Online received wide universal acclaim on release, and positive reviews continued to appear after the game's release. For instance, GameDaily awarded the game 9/10, praising its rich, fantasy-themed universe, well-integrated trait and title system, and a story that remains true to the works of Tolkien. Metacritic gave the game 86% (40 reviews). See also: MMORPG.com, and MMOS.com.
However, the release in July 2017 of the Mordor expansion received largely negative reviews, and there are signs in its eleventh year of operation of burn-out. But the game has a staunch core following and Middle Earth is still populated. This interesting in-depth 2017 analysis at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_j22DC4axaQ gives the pros and cons.
4.7 Stars: My partner and I have played The Lord of the Rings Online since 2011, for a time in an active kinship and more recently on-and-off, especially for festivals. Great soundtrack and setting make it enjoyable. Classes and races give enough variety. For me, this is the nearest I can come to being in Middle-earth – interacting with Frodo and Elrond were highlights. Lore is very true to Tolkien with acceptable developments within the restrictions of rights. There's a huge world to explore and we have yet to visit everywhere. Nor have we tackled the end-game grind that we have been warned about.
Setting: 4.75*
Storyline: 5*
Gameplay: 4*
Entertainment: 4.75*
Genesis: 5*
Alternative 'L' thoughts:
L is also for Lagaan, a superb Hindi movie that I highly recommend, even if it's very long at 225 minutes – drama, romance, cricket and so much more.
Enter this portal to reach other Worlds in my A2ZMMORPG
Hela da
Posted in A to Z Challenge, Gaming, Ideas, Writing.	Tagged A to Z Challenge, Anglo-Saxons, Beowulf, Blogging from A to Z Challenge, Gaming, Lord of the Rings, LOTRO, Mabinogion, Middle-earth, Norse mythology, Peter Jackson, Tolkien
1066 Turned Upside Down – a review
March 11, 2017 by rolandclarke
As I am now writing an alternative history based on "what if the Vikings had settled permanently In North America", I delayed reading this superb collection until I'd done more research and written my first draft. I was pleased to see some of my thoughts echoed and to discover how real historical writers craft their tales.
1066 Turned Upside Down
by Joanna Courtney, Helen Hollick, Annie Whitehead, Anna Belfrage, Alison Morton, Carol McGrath, Eliza Redgold, G.K. Holloway, Richard Dee
Ever wondered what might have happened if William the Conqueror had been beaten at Hastings? Or if Harald Hardrada had won at Stamford Bridge? Or if Edward the Confessor had died with an heir ready to take his place? Then here is the perfect set of stories for you. '1066 Turned Upside Down' explores a variety of ways in which the momentous year of 1066 could have played out differently.
Written by nine well-known authors to celebrate the 950th anniversary of the Battle of Hastings, the stories will take you on a journey through the wonderful 'what ifs' of England's most famous year in history.
REVIEW *****
As a history addict, I've been fascinated by alternative histories for decades so when I saw this collection was being released, I had to read it. However, I delayed delving into this until my own alternative history had evolved. I was not disappointed with any of these tales as they all took different approaches and in their own styles.
In most cases, the characters were based on the historical records, although those sometimes disagree so there was room for subtle variations – as well as believable fictional creations. Sometimes the background characters in the historical panorama have the most interesting tale to tell. As I'm part-British, I kept rooting for Harold and disliked William so cheered when the Normans were thwarted by their enemies.
However, I must admit to having a Viking bias so my favourite tale was Joanna Courtney's 'Emperor of the North' about King Harold Hardrada, closely followed by Anna Belfrage's 'The Danish Crutch' – never discount a 'cripple' (or else I'll run you over with my wheelchair). But there were moments when I laughed as well as cried, and all the stories had me nodding with enjoyment and reading avidly. There is even an amusing and clever science fiction/time travel spin in Richard Dee's 'If You Changed One Thing', and I must mention Alison Morton's 'A Roman Intervenes' when her own alternative Roma Nova world impacts on events.
The collection is assembled in such a way that between the 'alternatives' are the related facts as they happened, as far as historians and archaeologists know – which still leaves room for these experienced writers' imaginations. After each tale, there are interesting points of discussion to make the reader pursue the thoughts raised.
With all these writers' credits, I now have a list of books to keep me historically entertained for months – if I don't just keep re-reading this collection of five-star tales.
Posted in Alternative History, Reading, Reviews, Writing.	Tagged 1066 Turned Upside Down, Alternate History, Alternative History, Anglo-Saxons, Harold Godwinson, Harold Hardrada, Normans, review, Vikings, William the Conqueror