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Gallery of Fracture Pictures
More in First Aid
Breathing Emergencies
Bruises, Cuts & Punctures
Heat & Cold Exposure
Calling for Help
Obvious and Subtle Broken Bone Pictures
Rod Brouhard, EMT-P
Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P), journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients.
Medically reviewed by Michael Menna, DO on November 17, 2019
Michael Menna, DO, is board-certified in emergency medicine. He is an attending emergency medicine physician at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York and also works at an urgent care center and a telemedicine company that provides care to patients across the country.
Michael Menna, DO
Fractures can be very obvious. It's disconcerting to see an arm or leg bent in a way that just doesn't look natural. In the words of one insightful medical: "This anatomy is just a bit disarranged."
Not all fractures are obvious. In fact, most of them are quite subtle. There can be a little swelling or a bruise pattern that makes you wonder. Often, the only indicator of a fracture is the mechanism of injury and excruciating pain.
It is a myth that victims can't move fractured parts. Broken bones can get in the way, but movement comes from muscles and tendons. Fractured arms, legs, hands, feet, and fingers are certainly capable of movement.
Any deformity (odd shape that doesn't look the way anatomy is supposed to look) should be seen by a doctor.
These fracture pictures should help illustrate the wide variety of ways broken bones can look.
This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.
See Photo
knitgirl63/Flickr
The swelling around this ankle and the discoloration or bruising near the bottom of the frame would make anyone concerned. Ice, elevation, and compression would help keep the swelling down until an X-ray can be obtained. Without the X-ray there's no way to be sure this ankle is broken.
Keeping an ankle immobilized is difficult because of the shape of the foot. Using a pillow splint is a simple way to keep it still and can be the most comfortable option—if it's possible for a broken ankle to be comfortable.
How to Treat a Broken Ankle
Broken Thumb
Anna Hirsch
The best way to identify swelling is to compare sides. Looking at these two thumbs, it's obvious the one on the left side of the image is bigger than the one on the right.
Ice, compression, and elevation are the gold standards for keeping swelling down in the first couple of days after an injury.
If the function of a thumb or finger is compromised, it's time to go see the doctor and get an X-ray.
Broken Hand
Rev Stan
Fractures of the hand can be difficult because of the hand's complicated bone structure. There are eight bones in the wrist (carpals) and five bones in the hand (metacarpals). Plus, there are 14 finger and thumb bones in each hand (phalanges).
Treating hand fractures includes ice and elevation as well as immobilizing the hand in what's known as position of function.
How to Recognize the Symptoms of a Broken Hand
Open Fracture of the Finger
Bien Stephenson
An open fracture is simply an open wound associated with a fracture. This broken finger has a laceration over the fracture site. A close look at the picture reveals a deep wound and evidence of fatty tissue on the edges of the laceration (the yellowish coloring).
Open fractures have an increased risk of infection, even though you may not necessarily see a bone with this type of fracture.
Open fractures should get the same broken bone treatment as any other fracture plus control all bleeding and dress the wound if possible.
Sesamoid Fracture
Jason Cartwright
The sesamoid bones are two small, pea-shaped bones at the base of the big toe. Sesamoid fractures can happen from some sort of trauma—like dropping something heavy on your foot or jumping onto a hard surface—or they can happen over time from chronic stress.
Sesamoid fractures are very painful but not overly dramatic. As you can see from the picture, sesamoid fractures can be pretty subtle.
How to Treat a Broken Toe
Jerry Sutphin
Mallet fingers are more about tendons than bones, but there can be a fracture involved. Mallet fingers happen when enough pressure is applied to the tip of the finger to stretch or tear the tendon that pulls the finger straight.
Sometimes, the tendon can be ripped from the bone and cause a fracture of the bones of the finger, as happened in this case. Mallet fingers often happen during sports. Sometimes they're called baseball finger or football finger.
If the tendon is simply stretched and not torn, mallet fingers can be treated with a simple splint to keep the finger straight until the tendon heals. If the tendon is torn or the bones are broken, surgery may be required, as it was in this case.
These injuries can lead to permanent damage, so it's important to see a doctor if you suspect mallet finger or have trouble straightening your finger after an impact.
Common Types of Sports Injuries
Colles Fracture
Sabrina Cherry
Put your hand out to stop your fall on the way down and you're likely to suffer the most common of all broken wrists—the Colles fracture. Usually caused by a broken radius bone (the big forearm bone on the same side as your thumb) the Colles fracture has a very recognizable shape.
This common deformed wrist is often described as a "dinner fork" fracture because of the way the new bend in the wrist looks like the neck of your grandma's favorite silverware.
This is one of those broken bones that usually elicits a reaction when you see it. This sort of image may even make you cringe and say, "Ouch!"
It's not necessary to call 911 for a fractured arm or wrist. You don't even have to go to an emergency room, however, you will have to get an X-ray. If your doctor doesn't offer that service in the office, then expect to go to an imaging center.
If it will be a while before you see the doctor, properly splinting the broken wrist can relieve a lot of pain. To keep swelling and pain to tolerable levels, follow RICE after you splint it (in this case it's rest, ice, and elevation—compression is skipped because of the splint).
Do not ice an injury more than 15 or 20 minutes at a time and allow it to warm up again before putting the ice back on. Icing an injury too long, especially if you put it directly on the skin, can lead to frostbite from the ice pack.
Colles fractures often heal just fine with proper splinting, usually by immobilizing with a cast. In some extreme cases, surgery might be necessary.
4 Exercises to Get Your Wrist Moving After a Colles' Fracture
Anatomy of the Scaphoid Bone
By Denice Rackley
Anatomy of the Navicular Bone
Medically reviewed by Michael Menna, DO
How to Treat a Broken Bone That Does Not Penetrate Skin
Medically reviewed by Miho J. Tanaka, MD
What to Do If You Get Injured Playing Sports
Medically reviewed by Stuart Hershman, MD
Hamate: Anatomy, Function, and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Mohamad Hassan, PT, DPT
Explore What Talus Fractures Are and Why They Occur
If Your Bent Finger Won't Straighten, You May Have a Mallet Fracture
Why Certain Ankle Fractures Are More Difficult to Treat
How to Tell If Your Ankle Is Broken
Skin Blisters After Severe Fractures Are Often Expected
What Is Causing Your Achilles Tendon Pain?
Medically reviewed by Eva Umoh Asomugha, M.D.
Kneecap (Patella) Injuries: Types, Causes, Treatment
Fractures of the Inner Side of the Ankle Joint
Dislocation and Fracture of the Small Bones in the Wrist


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Suds in the City: A Brewpub Built to Last
By Joshua M. Bernstein| December 3, 2011 | Chelsea Piers Pier 59 New York, NY 10011
This article appears in January/February 2012: Issue No. 21 of Edible Manhattan.
Chelsea Brewing Company is the lone survivor of Manhattan's brewpub boom.
If you liked mediocre craft beer, the mid '90s were a marvelous time in Manhattan. Caught up in the brewpub craze then sweeping the country, there was SoHo's Nacho Mama's Brewery, the British-inspired Commonwealth Brewing Company in Rockefeller Plaza and, in Midtown, the pseudo-Asian Typhoon, to name just a few—all serving New Yorkers so-so housemade suds.
Like many fads of the time—Riot Grrrls, pagers—brewpubs quickly passed. Due to poor-quality ales, poor ownership and outlandish rents—or a combination of all three—tap lines went dry, one by one. Admittedly, these early pints poured the foundation for our current craft coming-of-age—back then most city drinkers still preferred Miller, Coors or Bud—but no self-respecting contemporary brew hound would be caught dead with one of those amber ales in hand. When the foam finally subsided at the end of the decade, only a single brewery still made beer on the Island. "We've survived it all," says Mark Szmaida, 57, the head brewer at Chelsea Brewing Company, which opened on the Hudson River-hugging Chelsea Piers at 18th Street in 1996. Szmaida is referring not just to the movement's demise, but also to his own brand's expensive misstep into bottling beers (more on that later); the post–9/11 days when the piers were used as a staging ground by the city; and Arctic winter weeks on the waterfront when both the temperature and customers slip into the single digits. Perhaps the place still exists because, unlike most other brewpubs, at Chelsea the focus was always on the beer: quality Manhattan-made craft ales like the thirst-quenching, easy-drinking Checker Cab Blonde—now seen on draft menus citywide—or the caramel-licked Sunset Red, a brew so good it won a gold medal in 1997 at Denver's prestigious Great American Beer Festival.
The concept for those beers was born in 1996 when budding brewpub baron Pat Greene was looking to the developing waterfront complex to build a restaurant and brewery. The idea was that the place could also produce suds for the bar he already owned, the now-long closed Westside Brewing Company on the Upper West Side. (Greene, to his credit, split with his partners before it shuttered.) The newly redone piers seemed like the perfect location. The towering ceilings could accommodate the massive brew kettle and show off the shiny fermentation tanks. A gleaming, nearly wall-to-wall mahogany bar was the ideal place to bend elbows and snack on burgers, wings and the rest of Chelsea Brewery's standard stomach-insulating pub grub. And the floor-to-ceiling glass windows ensured sunlight bathed the space in a handsome glow all day and that the nights held postcard-worthy views of Hudson River sunsets. It was a grand plan.
There were problems at first: Endless construction at Chelsea Piers kept customers at bay, and founding brewmaster Russell Garret decided to leave in 1997, just a year after the place debuted, to open a brewery in Ireland. But the latter was a cloaked blessing. His replacement was Chris Sheehan, who'd made his name in California crafting bold stouts at San Francisco's much-missed 20 Tank Brewery and Berkeley's Triple Rock Brewery & Alehouse before taking a gig at New York's sip-and-you-miss-it Neptune Brewery. (Ahead of its time, it lived above Chelsea Market.) And shortly after Sheehan was hired that year, he was joined by Mark Szmaida, then a 10-year homebrewer from Weehawken, New Jersey, who'd just graduated from Chicago's Siebel Institute of Technology brewing school.
Under Sheehan's stewardship, Chelsea's brews blossomed. Bit by bit the duo tweaked Garret's old recipes ("They were too sweet," Szmaida recalls), developing creations that went beyond the pedestrian pints of their brewpub peers. "Beers that people wanted to drink," says Greene, 52: "We don't use any extracts or corn syrups—only malt," he adds, referring to the roasted grains that serve as the building blocks of beer. That might seem like a common refrain from a brewery these days, but in the 1990s anybody using the term craft was probably talking about knitting. Soon, Chelsea's philosophy of using quality ingredients to make then-hard-to-find styles such as stouts, amber ales and IPAs paid dividends on the national stage. Beyond that early gold for the Sunset Red Ale at the Great American Beer Festival, Chelsea's won eight medals to date, including another gold for the coffee-kissed Black Hole XXX Stout in 2002 (which also took home bronze medals in both 2005 and 2008); a 2004 gold for the easy-sipping Sunset Wheat; and a 2007 bronze for the pleasantly bitter and grapefruity Hop Angel IPA.
Better still, in 2001 they'd decided to give the boot to the bottling line, which had been installed at great expense when the brewery was built. Back then, bars that wanted to expand their domestic selections were more interested in bottles than drafts, so the Checker Cab Blonde and Sunset Red were packaged in six packs for distribution to Connecticut, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. But sales never met expectations, and the glass was let go.
"I realized that bottling is something you have to do on a national level," says Greene—meaning something on the order of Budweiser or an enormous craft brewery such as Oregon's Rogue Ales, San Diego's Stone or even Brooklyn Brewery, which had opened shop across the East River a decade earlier. "As I tell people," Greene confides, "I don't need to be the king of beers. I'll be the prince of Manhattan any day."
To that end, Chelsea Brewery severed its relationship with distributors and started delivering its own beer in kegs to bars around the city in 2002, which gave them a personal relationship with bar managers at craft-centric watering holes like Pony Bar in Hell's Kitchen or Drop Off Service in the East Village. (Sometimes very personal: "Occasionally I get texts from people at 2 or 3 a.m. saying, 'We need more beer,'" says Greene; he doesn't deliver it.) Chelsea's small-potatoes production—about 3,000 barrels per year—also ensures those kegs don't arrive with beer that's been sitting in storage for months. Bar owners "look at the barrel and see when the beer was filled," says Greene. "We never have a beer in house that's older than 45 days." "This is what fresh beer is all about," says Szmaida. "We don't need to go coast to coast." In fact, Chelsea's decision to focus on putting their beers in local bars was prescient, considering that the locally made liquor movement continues to move mainstream.
Case in point: In the past six years both Sixpoint Brewery and Kelso opened up shop in the borough of Kings and have flourished along with ever-expanding Brooklyn Brewery. Not surprisingly, Chelsea is looking to tap into the growing demand for city-made suds, says Szmaida, who last year assumed head-brewing duties when Sheehan left to become brewmaster at a now-shuttered place in Newark. There are obstacles to expansion: "We only have room for six beers on tap at the brewery," he says, noting that they also have to buy their own kegs, since they self-distribute. (Those cost $200 a pop, and have a habit of disappearing.)
Growing at their current locale would be easiest, but as always in this city there's the issue of cost: Rent and utilities in Manhattan can be crippling. And while Chelsea Piers, their current landlord, now owns some prime commercial real estate, the waterfront location can still affect its tenants' ability to do business. "When the weather's not good, we're not getting as many customers," says Greene.
Top it all off with the fact that the 15-year-old operation often gets overlooked in the buzz of all the hot new beers being crafted within 100 miles in any direction. Even though Chelsea served as a training ground for both Sixpoint's Shane Welch and Captain Lawrence's Scott Vaccaro, "there are a lot of people in New York who don't know who we are," Greene laments. In fact, when the brewery's 20-year lease expires in 2015, he is considering a move to—you guessed it—craft-beer-friendly Brooklyn.
But even if Chelsea Brewery relocates to some warehouse in Williamsburg—or by then, becomes the only brewery in Queens—one core concept will remain, says Szmaida: "We'll be making fresh beer in New York, for New Yorkers."
Joshua M. Bernstein's book on the craft beer revolution, Brewed Awakening, is available now.
Photo credit: Scott Gordon Bleicher
Liquor, Liquor Everywhere— But Not Allowed to Drink.
Thinking Outside the Jug: A Wine Shop in Harlem
Where to Find Edible Manhattan
Forget Fancy Galas—Just Food Revamps Their Community Fundraiser
With a Modern Twist, Styling an Ancient Persian Feast
At Peter McManus Café, Open Since 1936, St. Patrick's Day Doesn't Change Much
Edible Manhattan is published six times a year and available by subscription, for sale at selected retailers and at other distribution spots throughout Manhattan. Please visit our sister magazines, Edible Brooklyn, Edible East End, and the Edibles in New York State. And visit Edible Communities to find the publication nearest you.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
An Act relative to the siting of facilities dealing with refuse
By Mr. Galvin of Canton, a petition (accompanied by bill, House, No. 675) of William C. Galvin and Brian A. Joyce relative to the siting of facilities dealing with refuse. Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture.
1/20/2015 House Referred to the committee on Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture
5/27/2015 Joint Hearing scheduled for 06/02/2015 from 01:00 PM-05:00 PM in 437
6/2/2015 Joint Hearing rescheduled to 06/02/2015 from 01:00 PM-05:00 PM in A-2
9/21/2015 House Accompanied a new draft, see H3766
An Act relative to the Energy Facilities Siting Board
An Act relative to pipeline siting
An Act relative to energy facilities siting reform to address environmental justice, climate, and public health


text:
Anne Middleton
Max Middleton
Gates of Paradise
Oceania australis
Creases
Fronds	admin	2017-03-17T06:34:26+00:00
Exhibited in 2001 at Hotel Sofitel Melbourne Fronds was a series of large-scale paintings in oil on linen. Celebrating the unfurling fronds of the tree fern, Fronds references Anne's childhood living amongst the lush rainforests of the Dandenong Ranges outside Melbourne.
Frond I, 2000	Anne Middleton	2017-03-17T00:57:49+00:00
Frond I, 2000
Frond IV, 2000	Anne Middleton	2017-03-17T00:54:56+00:00
Frond IV, 2000
Frond III, 2000	Anne Middleton	2017-03-17T00:49:10+00:00
Frond III, 2000
Website by Kobe Creations


The dancers of Classical Ballet Theatre bring the innovative works of internationally acclaimed choreographers like Roni Koresh, founder and artistic director of Koresh Dance.
Rev. Dr. Debra W. Haffner accepted the congregation's call to be the new settled minister of the Unitarian Universalist Church in Reston (UUCR). Currently, a minister at the Unitarian Universalist Church in Westport, Conn., Rev. Haffner and her husband look forward to becoming part of the Reston community this summer.
Rev. Haffner entered ministry following a career in public health that included earning a Master's of Public Health from Yale University, several years with the U.S. Public Health Service, and serving as director of Community Services and Public Relations at Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington, D.C.
Worship services are Sundays at 10 a.m., at 1625 Wiehle Ave. in Reston. To learn more about UUCR, its programs, events and activities, please visit http://www.uureston.org/.
Reston Zoo is now Roer's Zoofari. Its new owners are Vanellsa Stoffel and Jacob Roer.
"Caring for animals has been an important part of our lives," said Roer, a third generation Arizona rancher, "Being able to share that experience with this community is a dream come true."
The zoo will continue to offer hands-on, educational encounters for those of all ages. "We are very excited to join the greater Reston community as a venue for learning about animals through discovery," said Stoffel, who previously helped open and operate Bearizona Wildlife Park in Williams, Arizona.
Zoo opens at 9 a.m. daily and offers its last safari wagon ride at 5 p.m. It is located at the corner of Hunter's Mill Road and Baron Cameron Drive in Vienna.
For more information call 607-757-6222 or go online to www.roerszoofari.com.


As a busy mom or woman, it is important to figure out simple ways to get in shape and stay in shape. The days can be consumed with so many must do items, that exercising can be the last thing on the list that doesn't get done. As a busy mom, I often look for the tried and true ways that will yield the greatest and sustainable results. We all know that being physically active is important for many reasons, but how can a busy mom or woman get this done?
#1 Identify the Benefits: Just to recap, exercising is so very beneficial for our bodies. It increases overall energy, which helps us get more things done. It can stabilize mood and blood sugar levels, which can prevent or manage Depression and Type II Diabetes respectively. Exercise also helps the heart to be healthier, and decrease the risk of heart disease. I wrote more about exercise and the heart in a previous blog post, 5 ways to Have a Healthy Heart, https://flourishhealthcoachingllc.com/2018/03/02/5-ways-to-have-a-healthy-heart/.
#2 Allocate the time: We know that every second of a busy mom's and woman's time is so precious. Therefore, we need to make sure we are maximizing our time and getting the most out of every second. So how much should we exercise each week for positive results? The American Heart Association exercise recommendations are, at least 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise or 75 minutes per week of vigorous exercise (or a combination of moderate and vigorous activity). Ok, now ask yourself, how much time can I set aside each week for exercise? 2 days? 3 days? 4 days? or more? Whatever is a reasonable goal for you, divide the recommended minutes by the number of days you have allocated. So if you have 3 days, 150 min divided by 3 = 50 minutes of moderate exercise 3 days a week. You will also experience benefits even if you divide your time into two or three segments. So if you don't have 50 consecutive minutes, then maybe 25 minutes in morning, and 25 minutes in the evening, 3 days a week.
#3 Set the Mission: Now the mission is to exercise 150 minutes moderately, or 75 minutes vigorously weekly to get the best benefits per the American Heart Association. So what exactly is moderate and vigorous exercise? According to the Center for Disease Control, moderate exercise is defined as exercise that increases a person's heart rate to 50 -70% of their maximum heart rate based on the person's age. The maximum heart rate per age is determined by subtracting a person's age from 220. Here's an example, for a 40 year old person, it would be 220-40 = 180 beats per minute (bpm). Therefore, 50% level would be: 180 x 0.50 = 90 bpm, and 70% level would be: 180 x 0.70 = 126bpm, so (90bpm – 126bpm). Vigorous exercise is defined as a person's target heart rate should be 70 to 85% of his or her maximum heart rate. So for a 40 year old person, it should be 126bpm – 153bpm.
#4 Know your options: Sometimes being busy, it's hard to take time to explore the many options that we have to exercise. Here are some very remarkable ways to exercise. Walking outside. A brisk walk through the park or your neighborhood can be a great way to enjoy nature while getting your exercise in. Remember to walk at a pace that reaches your targeted heart rate. You could use devices such as, a fitbit to determine your heart rate while you are exercising.
If walking outside isn't an option, consider walking on a treadmill indoors, or walking indoors period. Again, remember your time and heart rate goals.
Running is a great way to exercise. Running outdoors again allows you to connect with nature, while running indoors on a treadmill can be just as beneficial. Consider participating in a local or national 5k or 10k race. This can be a great way to motivate you to prepare for the event, and contribute to organizations for a good cause.
Dancing, zumba, step aerobics, kickboxing, hiking, or swimming are other remarkable ways to exercise to reach your fitness goals.
#5 Understand how the body changes with age: As we are blessed to continue to grow wiser in years and age, our bodies continue to go through changes. The same things that we would've done a decade ago for results, may not be the case now. Knowing this helps us to be strategic about our workout plan and efficient with our time. Strength training becomes extremely important as we age. As we age, the body's percent of muscle declines, therefore, strength training becomes essential to build muscles. Additionally, muscle has a higher metabolic rate than fat, and therefore, you can actually lose inches and weight faster, because the muscle burns calories actively and at a state of rest. Studies have shown good results for preventing age-related abdominal fat in individuals 40 years who weight train for 20 minutes three times a week.
Now that we have the 5 simple ways to get fit and fabulous, let's start a new journey, start today. As a busy mom or woman, you are so valuable and you have great purpose, but don't forget about your self-care. Self-care is not selfish, it is simply allowing your pitcher to be refilled so that you can continue to give to others. Remember, Health is Wealth!
Check out this affiliate Amazon Link for exercise dumbbells.
Author: Dr. T.G. Day, MD (Dr. Tomeka) is the CEO and Founder of Flourish Health Coaching, LLC. She is helping busy moms and busy women "Get the Balance" through nutritional health coaching. As a result of her health coaching, busy moms and busy women are equipped with the knowledge and tools they need to provide nutritious and quick meals, become healthy or improve health conditions such as, Type 2 Diabetes/ Adult Onset Diabetes, Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia, Inflammatory diseases, and weight issues through nutrition and lifestyle changes, optimize self-care, discover their God-given talents, as well as, help their kids obtain and/or maintain healthy weight through healthy eating and habits. Please contact Dr. T.G. Day, MD (Dr. Tomeka) for a free health coaching consultation.
Copywright. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission, from this blog's author and/or owner, is strictly prohibited.
How much water do I need for excellent health?
Water is one of the main ingredients of Earth, and is necessary for life. It makes up 50-75% of the human body. Therefore, it is crucial to receive the optimal amount of water daily.
How much water do you need daily? The amount of water that is needed daily varies from one person to another, and there are several factors that can change this amount. For example, a healthy toddler needs a different amount of water than a very active 30 year old woman, as well as someone who has kidney disease. General factors that change the daily requirement of water are based on gender, age, weight, activity level, location, diet, state of health (if you are in good health, or have an acute or chronic illness).
There have been studies done to determine the amount of water necessary for human life to prevent dehydration. These concluded that the main determinant is the metabolic state of the individual. However, it is so variable how much water is necessary for optimal health. Recommendations have been established that can help guide the amount of water needed daily.
These recommendations may be a start to making sure you are staying hydrated daily. Also, you can consider physical signs such as if you feel thirsty, if the color of your urine is a light yellow versus a dark orange color. The lighter the urine usually indicates the body is more hydrated, and the darker signifies it is dehydrated.
Water is absolutely essential for the body. What are the ways in which water can be obtained? There are multiple beverages available that contain water in them. From fruit juices, sodas, teas, caffeinated beverages, as well as carbonated waters, and milks, these all contain water. When you choose these beverages, consider the amounts of sugars, and other ingredients that these drinks have and the affect it may have on your body. Also, water is found in certain foods. Whole fruits and green leafy vegetables can provide water into your diet as well.
For the next 3 days, record how much water you take in daily, and how you feel, as well as the color of your urine. Based on what you find, make any necessary adjustments to make sure your body is getting an optimal amount of water daily.
Reference: Grandejean, A. (2004). Water Requirements, Impinging Factors, and Recommended Intakes. World Health Organization.
Author: Dr. T.G. Day, MD is the CEO and Founder of Flourish with Dr. T.G. Day, MD Health Coaching. She is helping others achieve excellent health through wholistic health coaching. If you are in pursuit of excellent health, and becoming the healthiest and fittest version of yourself, contact Dr. T.G. Day, MD for a free health coaching consultation.


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Zarzyce Małe – wieś w województwie małopolskim, w powiecie wadowickim, w gminie Kalwaria Zebrzydowska.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość administracyjnie należała do województwa bielskiego. Wieś leży na Pogórzu Wielickim (250 m n.p.m.), na zboczu góry Barglica i rozciąga się w dół do doliny Cedronu (dopływu Skawinki). Dawniej zwane Leńczami Średnimi, przynależały do zamku w Lanckoronie, wyodrębniły się z Leńcz w XIX w.

Zobacz też
 Zarzyce Wielkie
 Leńcze

Przypisy

Kalwaria Zebrzydowska (gmina)
Wsie w powiecie wadowickim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Experience the exclusive release of our 2018 Report to the Community and help us celebrate the recipients of the King of Prussia District Awards.
A nationally-recognized leader in placemaking, Downey will share trends in the place management industry, the unique role of suburban communities like KOP and provide case studies of success stories around the country.
Eric Goldstein, King of Prussia District Executive Director, will provide an overview of economic development projects throughout King of Prussia and KOP-BID's 2017 accomplishments. The 2017 King of Prussia District awards will also be presented.


text:
Q: Couchdb: Adding User Profile Attributes in _user documents When adding new users to Couchdb, is it appropriate to add extra profile fields to the same document?
I know I could have another db with user profiles in it to supplement what is in the _users documents, but is the design of the _users documents static, or would it be ok to add additional fields to the users documents?

A: The _users database is a great place to store information about users. The design of the documents is relaxed, so I would not worry about adding fields. (Removing some could be risky though.) You could consider adding an object in the document for all your data:
{ "_id": "org.couchdb.user:jhs"
, "_rev": "3-281e87af31d7d8277463732dccc06f65"
, "name": "jhs"
, "type": "user"
, "roles": ["whatever"]
// (etc.)
, "myapp":
  { "profile_photo": "http://example.com/some_photo.png"
  , "favorite_color": "blue"
  }
}

The one thing you want to check is the validate_doc_update function in _design/_auth. Make sure it is not going to prevent you from doing what you need. Currently (probably indefinitely) it does not check any attributes in the document besides those it needs (type, name, roles, etc.).
Just remember that these documents are world-readable. Per-user private data should go in a per-user private database.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We are engaged in manufacturing and exporting a quality range of Non Woven Bags. In this, we offer Non Woven Promotional Bags, Promotional Non-Woven Bags, PP Non-Woven Promotional Bags, Non Woven Shopping Bags and Eco Non Woven Shopping Bags. These bags are available in variety of colours, widths, designs and shades and can be bought at industry leading prices from us.
We manufacture and export a wide range of PP Non-Woven Wine Bags. These bags are available in diverse colours, patterns and styles and are ideally used for packaging wine bottle. Made of quality jute, these bags are offered in specifications as per the requirements of the customers and can be bought at market leading prices from us.
We are a well known manufacturers and exporters of a quality range of PP Non-Woven Shopping Bags. These bags are available in various sizes, shapes and colour combination and are known for unique designs & beautiful patterns. Moreover, these bags are very useful in meeting the shopping needs of the customers.


text:
Q: Display accent character ignoring the extra backward slash I have a string with accent character with an extra backward slash.
const name = "V\\u00E1ci"
console.log(name); // prints  "V\u00E1ci"

I am finding it hard to display it properly, tried various combination of string replace, searched web. but no luck :(
Is there any way I can convert above name to display properly ignoring the first extra backward slash?
This is how, it should be displayed.
Váci

A:
Is there any way I can convert above name to display properly ignoring the first extra backward slash?

You can run the string through the JSON Parser, using JSON.parse().
Working Example:

const processString = (myString) => {

  myString = JSON.parse('"' + myString + '"');

  return myString;
}

console.log(processString('V\\u00E1ci'));

Why does this work?
Simply because when you convert a Javascript string into a JSON string, the JSON Parser will automatically convert any code point escape sequences into the corresponding Unicode characters.

A: It's not extra backwards slash in the string. the first \ is a escape character, so that you can add othervice not allowed characters in a string:
const s = "\"\""  // """"

What you need to do is to replace string '\u00E1' with the characer á. Like this
const name2 = name.replace("\\u00E1", "\u00E1"); // Váci

You can use the npm package https://www.npmjs.com/package/unescape-js to do this.


Abstract: We provide a broad overview on qualitative versus quantitative regularity estimates in the theory of degenerate parabolic pdes. The former relates to DiBenedetto's revolutionary method of intrinsic scaling, while the latter is achieved by means of what has been termed geometric tangential analysis. We discuss, in particular, sharp estimates for the parabolic p−Poisson equation, for the porous medium equation and for the doubly nonlinear equation.


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Saint Mary's University Policies are the single source of Saint Mary's institution-wide policies not otherwise available in other official source publications such as the University Calendar or Collective Agreements.
These policies are divided into several broad subject categories listed below. Under these categories there are subsets of policies; Travel Policies within Financial Services and Payroll within Human Resources as an example.
Each policy, procedure or guideline contains information at the start which includes the department responsible for developing and maintaining the document ("owner" of the policy). Any questions concerning a policy should be directed to the responsible department.
Definitions may also support your understanding of the components of policy governance.
To add an approved policy to the University listing, please call Tracey Randem at 902-420-5464 or e-mail Financial Services at admin.finservices@smu.ca.
The policy template is available for download as a word template.


text:
US faces off against Algeria in crucial World Cup game
June 23, 2010 · 5:00 AM EDT
By Mark EffronCeleste HeadleeJohn Hockenberry
It's been an exciting World Cup for the U.S. soccer team so far, but today's match is the crucial one. The winner of today's match against Algeria will advance to the second round while the loser will be eliminated. "The U.S. is ranked 14th and Algeria is ranked 30th and it really doesn't matter," says New York Times sports columnist, George Vecsey. In their two previous matches, the U.S. team came from behind to secure a draw. Once against group favorite, England, and the other against Slovenia in a heart breaker that would have been a thrilling win if not for a controversial foul call by the referee. The U.S. team will need a clear win against Algeria if they want to secure their place in the second round. George Vecsey, sports columnist for our partner The New York Times is in South Africa to watch the game.
sportsAlgeriaUnited StatesSouth AfricaAfricaNorth AmericaGlobalGeorge Vecsey


text:
Pure Curtis Cabins
Colin and Sandi Orlowski
(906) 586 3070 or (810) 310 2848
Curtis MI
Map and Attractions
Purely Refreshing
"With nature all around and wildlife abound."
Our Upper Michigan Lake Front Cabin Rentals come with an inclusive boat and canoe rental. Discover the wonder and beauty of South Manistique Lake!
Curtis, Michigan History
Pure Curtis Cabin History
Once known as Pete's Cove, this beautiful lakeside Curtis, MI property was built around 1945. It was started by a man named Leo Gonyon. Leo was born in Ontario in 1896. He was a logger, a veteran of WWI, and a stone mason. Leo moved to his father's home town of Gould City in 1932. As a stone mason he moved to Curtis, MI in 1945 and purchased 30 acres of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Leo also purchased this beautiful property and built his log cabin on South Manistique Lake. This property was originally known as Humphrey's Harbor. Leo was well known for the many stone walls that he had built for people around the area along with many on Mackinac Island.
Leo's legacy continued on at Pete's Cove with his son Pete and wife Cathy. They kept the resort on the lake open for many seasons for the tourists who would traveled to the U.P.
In 2011, the resort was purchased by Colin and Sandi Orlowski. They begin visiting the Curtis, MI area in the 1970's. Their family fell in love with the Curtis area and its lake, forests, fishing and arts community. They renamed the resort "Pure Curtis Cabins" to reflect the tranquility of the area. They have remodelled and added updates to each the cabins and will continue to provide that ever peaceful stay here along the South Manistique Lake.


Ah yes! We had just finished the Part 1 of the Pre 'London International Wine Fair' Conference on "Understanding the UK Wine Market". We learned lots of things going on and being talked about in the wine business world, and obviously in the UK … great!
So after coffee/wine break we were moving on to my FAVORITE part of the conference!!!
I mean, it should come as no surprise to you that I am interested in anything involving the combination of wine and internet!!! Hello! I am a wine blogger!
I am also ALL OVER Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, and recently Flickr, Vimeo, Posterous, Adegga, whew! I just read an article the other day in which they called people who have never used the internet before 'digital virgins'. I do NOT want to know what they would call me … 'digital ________' ?
Digital name calling aside, I am a huge advocate for all things about 'wine online' ! So, I am VERY excited to share with you what was talked about in Part 2 of the Pre 'London International Wine Fair' Conference … "Making the Most of Online Media"!!
The first presenter was someone very, very special to the wine world. She is a wine celebrity of sorts and I have been wanting to meet her ever since the wine bug bit me! Her name is Jancis Robinson. So for those of you 'non-wine dorks' out there who are scratching your _____ and saying, "Um, ya, that name is doing nothing for me, and it sure as heck ain't ringing any bells," … let me introduce you!
???? I don't get it … I tried to turn the web-cam onto the computer screen to show everyone to Jancis, but this is what it showed ??? I am so confused.
I know. I'm a dork, but you love me for it!
Moving on …. ah yes, I still owe you 'non-wine dorks' an introduction to Jancis Robinson!
I will resort to bullet points for this one.
Jancis is a british wine critic, journalist and editor of wine literature.
She is the wine correspondent for the Financial Times.
She provides advice for Queen Elizabeth II's wine cellar!!
Jancis is considered one of the world's leading writers of "educational and encyclopedic material on wine." She is famous for The Oxford Companion to Wine, pretty much the bible for the wine world. She also co-wrote The World Atlas of Wine along with another famous wineaux, Hugh Johnson. It is one of the world's leading wine atlases.
With that sort of an introduction, you can imagine what a WOW it was to have her open the second part of this conference. But what does she have to do with 'wine online'?
Well, she has a very popular and highly regarded website, www.jancisrobinson.com, which she refers to as her fourth child =P! She also has an incredible 26,963 followers on her Twitter account and has a YouTube Channel … sooooo… she is kind of a big deal with kind of a large following. She has been one of the few 'traditional' wine guru/critics from the pre-internet days who has been smart enough to 'roll' with the times and embrace the shift to 'online ' instead of fighting it.
At the conference she told us she launched her website in December of 2000, when she said, "the world decided that gold was at the end of the rainbow that went through cyberspace." She laughed and continued to say how, much to her surprise, she found it "seductive" and found herself excited to update her website every day! There was no way she could keep up this new found passion and still keep the content free of charge, so in December of 2001 she decided to add a paying section on her website where she kept all the 'good stuff'. She said she not quite sure how her readers would take to that, but they welcomed it with open arms! (and wallets!) She actually shared with us how last month was the best month ever for figures on membership to her paid section called the 'Purple Pages'!
She said the benefits for having her own www. is that it's a place where she can work more (she is self-diagnosed workaholic) and she has a place to publish ALL her tasting notes. You thought I taste a lot, this woman puts me to shame! She said it is also a great campaigning tool to spread the word about events/books/wine/etc. Lastly she said she is grateful for having her www. because it a great reception of information. She learns so much from the comments people make and all the other info that is sent her way. The down side she said, was that having a website can be unforgiving, as it HAS to be up-to-date. "It is better not to have a website than to have one that was last updated 8 months ago," she said.
Jancis gave a wonderful and very entertaining talk about her personal experience/success with making the crossover from print to online media. She is a great example to so many in the wine industry who are afraid or hesitant to accept the new 'wine online' movement. They can't keep ignoring it, and with a little keyboard grease, the fearful can share in the online wealth too!
For those who are intrigued and want more! Here is an awesome 3 part interview with Jancis Robinson I found on a rockin' wine blog/online wine show called Wine On The Rocks. Enjoy!
Now there were still other presenters for this second part of the conference, but I am going to stop here for now. This part of the conference was really interesting to me and I want to give each of the presenters their fair share of the spotlight. That being said, if i posted about all of them in one post, you would be here for quite a while and I don't want your boss to walk by and catch you reading Vinously Speaking!
I will see you next time for the next presenter for "Wine Online" at the pre-London Wine Fair Conference!!
I always buy wine based on the label. I figure that any winery that has the good taste to hire a good designer and creates an attractive bottle. probably also has the good taste to fill that bottle with good tasting wine. not universally true, but I'm not frequently disappointed.
Well each person has their own choosing style! =) I know plenty of people who buy wine based on the same thing, a well put together label. I would venture to say that a large percentage of wine consumers choose their wine the same way you do. And hey, it makes for great decoration once the bottle is empty, or in a wine label diary!


ISS is looking for three post-doc researchers for a two year period (1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018).
We welcome applications from prospective postdoc researchers who are interested in doing operational research on gender, governance and development in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The application deadline is 30 October 2016.


Truly RARE and HARD TO FIND: a newer built, 2375 sq ft, THREE Bedroom BEACH Condo with THREE Full Baths, FOUR balconies, Gulf Views, HIGH ceilings, OPEN and spacious plan, almost never lived in, PLUS a 2-Car GARAGE PLUS an approx. 20' x 30' "Back Yard" (under Bldg) in that charming and eclectic Beach Community known as Sunset Beach, TI …Granite and Travertine enhance the OPEN & SPACIOUS, relaxed feeling of "Casual Elegance" - all this is on ONE LIVING LEVEL! "Sunset Brisas" is a PET FRIENDLY Community; SOLID MASONRY construction. FULL LAUNDRY ROOM w/granite tops and utility sink…PRIVACY & EXCLUSIVITY of only 3 neighbors. SECURED ELEVATOR... It also has the three most import things: Sunset Beach, Sunset Beach and…(a LOCATION that is directly across a QUIET 2-lane road from THE BEACH at) Sunset Beach, Treasure Island! – being directly across from Gulf saves you about $500k vs a comparable Direct Gulf-front Condo! A small, vinatage bungalow here starts at about $300-$350k and this unit is priced WAY BELOW a sale upstairs in 2017 – The Value is here, and owner says "i am NOT just testing the market and i will now entertain all reasonable offers"!! Come see the value for yourself, and make them an offer they cant refuse!
We respect your online privacy and will never spam you. By submitting this form with your telephone number you are consenting for Don Taylor P.A. to contact you even if your name is on a Federal or State "Do not call List".
Realty Executives / Adamo & Associates participates in the MFRMLS Internet Data Exchange (IDX) program, allowing display of other MFRMLS broker's listings on this site. However, this website may not include all listings currently available. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. Information last updated on 4/24/19 5:15 AM PDT.


Get a head start on your holiday shopping or treat yourself to something nice by bidding in the Junior Achievement Online Auction. We have luxury vacations, golf, one-of-a-kind experiences, family entertainment, gift baskets, fine art, tickets, dining and much more up for bid. The best part? All proceeds directly support local JA students!
So sit behind home plate at a Cleveland Indians game, shoot a round of golf at an exclusive country club, or dine out at your favorite restaurants. There's something for everyone in the JA auction.
This event raised nearly $50,000 for JA students last year - thank you to everyone who bid!


Today I want to tell you about the CBCT, Cone Beam Computed Tomography. This is an amazing technology, and I can't say how invaluable it is for us dentists. The White Clinic® was one of the first clinics in the world to work with it, and, as I always say, the future is here already. We not only have to adapt – we have to really understand how much better our lives can be because of it.
Stay tuned here on the blog – I'll be sharing some new videos very soon.


text:
Interview: Steve Thornton Discusses Fixtures And The Season Ahead
"The quality of the EIHL is improving every year, Team GB have shown that", so says Belfast Giants Head of Hockey Operations, Steve Thornton when he spoke today with A View From The Bridge.
Chatting with Simon Kitchen, Steve reflected on the changes in the league and the dynamics of the new look Belfast Giants side entering the 2018/19 EIHL season.
"Last year was a successful year… We wanted to continue down the route of speed and skill, but also get a little younger to deal with the longer season. I like the way we are looking."
With the EIHL fixtures being released this morning, Steve discussed how starting the season with the Challenge Cup gave the new guys a good means to build into the league season, and when questioned on the long road stretch through November he highlighted the pitfalls of playing at the SSE Arena.
"This is the reality of being a sports team playing out of one of the best arenas in the world."
"As a player it's not necessarily a bad thing," he told Simon.
"It's good to get these games, these road trips, out of the way".
Belfast Giants, EIHL, Steve Thornton
2018/19 Belfast Giants Fixture List – Downloadable Calendar
Interview: Giants Ops Manager and Ireland Inline Coach James Glover


text:
Intermediate and deep water paleoceanography of the northern North Atlantic over the past 21,000 years
Thornalley, David. J. R. and Elderfield, Harry and McCave, I. Nick (2010) Intermediate and deep water paleoceanography of the northern North Atlantic over the past 21,000 years. Paleoceanography, 25. PA1211. DOI https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001833.
Thornalley_Elderfield_McCave.pdf
Official URL: http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2010/2009PA001833...
Benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records from four high-resolution sediment cores, forming a depth transect between 1237 m and 2303 m on the South Iceland Rise, have been used to reconstruct intermediate and deep water paleoceanographic changes in the northern North Atlantic during the last 21 ka (spanning Termination I and the Holocene). Typically, a sampling resolution of ~100 years is attained. Deglacial core chronologies are accurately tied to North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice core records through the correlation of tephra layers and changes in the percent abundance of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) with transitions in NGRIP. The evolution from the glacial mode of circulation to the present regime is punctuated by two periods with low benthic δ13C and δ18O values, which do not lie on glacial or Holocene water mass mixing lines. These periods correlate with the late Younger Dryas/Early Holocene (11.5–12.2 ka) and Heinrich Stadial 1 (14.7–16.8 ka) during which time freshwater input and sea-ice formation led to brine rejection both locally and as an overflow exported from the Nordic seas into the northern North Atlantic, as earlier reported by Meland et al. (2008). The export of brine with low δ13C values from the Nordic seas complicates traditional interpretations of low δ13C values during the deglaciation as incursions of southern sourced water, although the spatial extent of this brine is uncertain. The records also reveal that the onset of the Younger Dryas was accompanied by an abrupt and transient (~200–300 year duration) decrease in the ventilation of the northern North Atlantic. During the Holocene, Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water only reached its modern flow strength and/or depth over the South Iceland Rise by 7–8 ka, in parallel with surface ocean reorganizations and a cessation in deglacial meltwater input to the North Atlantic.
2010AREP; IA60;
Paleoceanography
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001833.


REMAT Bucuresti Sud S.A is a part of REMATHOLDING CO. SRL group. REMATHOLDING was founded in 2003 as a recycler of metallic and non-metallic scrap. Today they have the most compact and extended waste collecting network in the South and Eastern part of Romania, owning the largest machining railway network in Bucharest and the most complex transporting system for waste ( auto and by train). They take care of all the steps of the recycling process – from collection through to recycling and finally for resale. They collect and recycle e.g. ferrous and nonferrous waste, scrap metal, WEEE/electronic waste, batteries and accumulators waste, cardboard, paper, plastics of all types and hazardous waste. They are also the main car recycling company in Romania, and buy and dismantle cars and sell auto parts. Employees in group: 450. Turnover 2012: > EUR 33 million (Group: ~ EUR 135 million).
For REMATHOLDING only the best is good enough. They put great pride in investments made in their facilities, and being on the cutting edge regarding technology. Why limit yourself to recycling of one material, when you can get three in one?
Remat Bucuresti Sud S.A. is part of REMATHOLDING CO. SRL.. REMATHOLDING is active within all steps of the recycling process – from collection through to recycling and finally for resale. They collect and recycle e.g. ferrous and non-ferrous waste, scrap metal, WEEE/electronic waste, cables, batteries and accumulators waste and hazardous waste. They are the main car recycling company in Romania, buying and dismantling cars and re-selling the car parts.
The company was founded in 2003 with main business activity was recycling of metallic and non-metallic scrap. Today, REMATHOLDING has two offices and over 20 collection points reaching all across the South and East parts of Romania.
"By producing secondary raw materials from different types of waste we are able to significantly reduce pollution and we are able to positively influence the energy and raw material economy. From the very beginning of REMATHOLDING, we decided to intervene in order to slow down the process of degrading the environment" says Cristian Drăghici, General Manager at Remat Bucharest Sud S.A.
REMATHOLDING put great pride in their equipment technology, and investing in the best equipment. In 2007 they started to look for a solution for recycling of cables.
"We started to look for equipment for cables recycling, including automotive cables. After studies, analysis and discussions we realized that we wanted to be able to cover a wider range of waste, and therefore needed equipment which could handle that. We needed a plant which was flexible for processing the entire range of WEEE and copper and aluminum cables/profiles" says Drăghici.
"As with all other important investments and projects, we compared several possible suppliers and manufacturers of recycling equipment. We were in contact with several large international brands and one of them was Eldan Recycling. We visited Eldan customers in Hungary and Spain, who provided us with useful information, and tips on what to think about when choosing recycling equipment. After taking into account Eldan's expertise within the area and adding to that the fact that they were offered the best price for the quality offered, we chose to acquire equipment from Eldan" comments Drăghici.
Why choose when you can recycle it all?
In 2009 Remat acquired an Eldan Combi-plant for WEEE and cable recycling. With this line it would also be possible to process aluminum profiles and cables resulting from ELV and demolition.
Recycling WEEE scrap will produce fractions like ferrous, stainless steel, aluminum, refining material (e.g. copper, brass, zinc, lead and precious metals), an organic fraction (e.g. plastic, rubber, wood, and textile). Capacities range between 3-4 ton/production hour depending on type of WEEE input material.
Processing dry cables is possible with a capacity up to 2 ton/production hour producing a metal fraction with a purity of at least 99.5%. The capacity depends on e.g. type of cables, screen size, method of feeding.
During aluminum processing capacities up to 3 ton/production hour are possible – also depending on type of profiles and shapes, screen size, method of feeding etc.
The Eldan Combi-plant include e.g. one Super Chopper (SC1412), one Ring-Shredder (S1000), one Electromagnet, one Eddy Current Separator, one Tumble Back Feeder, one Multi Purpose Rasper (MPR120), one Overband Magnet (Permanent), one Silo (SMV), one Heavy Granulator (HG169), one Silo (SMV), one Fine Granulator (FG952), one Silo (SMV), one Separation Table (C22) and one Classifier (PC12). Two complete automatic filter systems where also included in the installation – i.e. one for the Ring-Shredder and one for the remaining plant with high aspiration capacity around the whole plant.
The Eldan Combi-plant has shown larger flexibility than expected in regard to which materials to process. Today the system can also successfully process e.g. waste tires.
Today Remat Bucuresti processes approx. 150-160 ton copper cables, 50 ton aluminum cables and 150-200 ton waste tires monthly.
"It is always great to visit Remat, since the company has an innovative and young business culture. Main shareholder and president of REMATHOLDING, Mihai Sofian, trust and take advantage of the thrift and enterprise spirit of young employees, and combine it with more experienced personnel within technical department and management. The average age of the Remat top management employees is around 35 years" comments Laurentiu Figaro, Sales Manager at Arcon Industrial Services, Eldan Recycling partner for Romania.


text:
Category Archives: Sea Anchors on Catamarans
Catamarans deploying a sea anchor off the bows
Sea Anchors on Catamarans
S/C-1 Catamaran, CSK
S/C-1
Catamaran, CSK
65' x 30' x 22 Tons
28-Ft. Dia. Parachute Sea Anchor
Force 8 Conditions
File S/C-1, obtained from Bruce Reid, Costa Mesa, CA. - Vessel name Rose Marie, hailing port Vancouver, BC, catamaran, designed by Vince Bartalone, LOA 65' x Beam 30' x Draft 3' 3" x 22 Tons - Sea anchor: 28-ft. Diameter C-9 military class parachute on 500' x 1" nylon three strand tether and bridle arms of 60' each, with 5/8" galvanized swivel - No trip line - Deployed in gale force winds in shallow water (40 fathoms) off Point Conception, California, with winds of 40 knots and seas of 15-20 ft. - Vessel's bow yawed 5° - Drift was upwind at 2 knots, induced by current.
Rose Marie was on her way to Vancouver from Newport when she ran into gale force winds off Point Conception - the "Cape Horn of the Pacific." The skipper put out the 28-ft. diameter C-9 parachute when progress against headwinds began to diminish. The strong coastal current that flows northward hereabouts caused the para-anchor to tow the big catamaran upwind! Because water is some 800 times heavier than air, large sea anchors should be used with caution where there are local currents, especially in close quarters. The sea anchor will pull the boat with the current, regardless of the intensity and direction of the wind. If the current is going your way, then fine and well. If not, be warned that the sea anchor may tow your boat over a ledge, across fishing nets, a shipping lane or into other hazardous areas. Transcript:
We were conducting sea trials of our newly launched C/S/K designed catamaran. We had departed Newport Beach on 9 June 1984 with the intention of making our way north to Vancouver B.C. On the evening of June 11 we anchored at Coho, an open roadstead just southwest of Point Conception, along with six or seven fishing boats and two other cruisers. The winds were northwesterly at 28 knots, gusting to 38 knots, and the seas were about 15 ft., which continued to build during the night. By early dawn the fishing vessels all departed in the direction of Santa Barbara, along with one of the cruisers. The other cruiser, a Westsail 32, raised sail and headed out to sea. At around 5:30 am we motored out to see what the conditions were... the 2 am weather report was 35 knots gusting 45, with seas of 15-21 ft. We continued on course for about an hour and a half when the wind shifted to the north by northwest and our progress began to diminish. The Westsail 32, under sail and engine, passed ahead of us on a port tack and seemed to be taking a lot of green water. Standing on our cabin top my eye level is about 18 ft. above the waterline and in several of the troughs I could not see over the approaching wave. The 6 am report described the sea as 18-26 ft. and I am sure they were all of 18 and occasionally 26 ft.
Within one mile or so of Point Arguello, the Westsail 32 turned and ran back toward Point Conception.... Though we were not in any trouble, we decided to deploy our 28' diameter parachute and take a rest. We had covered only nine miles in about three and a half hours. My windspeed indicator averages out most of the gusts, so the peak winds are not known, but while lying to the parachute the wind rarely fell below 40 knots, and on occasion we saw 50 knots.
Standing about a mile and a half offshore, lying abeam to the sea under minimum power, we slowly deployed the parachute off the port bow, letting it stream off to weather about 30 to 40 feet. We then snubbed off the rode and watched the chute fill and come to full shape. We then fed out the rode until it was a full 500 ft. out to windward, then secured it to the bridle, in turn secured to the port and starboard bow bollards. Everything became quite peaceful. We took reference sights on the shoreline and went below for breakfast.
About twenty minutes later, I checked on our shore marks but could not identify them. I had a feeling of confusion and together with a crew member established a new set of reference marks on shore. Fifteen minutes later I went on deck and saw that the marks had shifted unexpectedly. What had confused me on my first sights was that I had expected our drift to be to leeward. After careful calculation we estimated that we were making about 2 knots to windward! We were making about the same progress to weather as we had been making motor-sailing, however, with everything shut down life had become so peaceful we had to refer to the windspeed indicator to verify the winds had not decreased and in fact had increased slightly.
After about two hours we decided to practice picking up the parachute and attempted a hand over hand retrieval. A bit of foolishness. We then cast off the rode and began to motor up on the trip line float. Again another bit of foolishness. The float's relationship to the parachute was impossible to determine and in short order we had the parachute around a prop. After recovering all the rode and what we could of the parachute, we sailed off back around Point Conception. So far as we could determine, our cat has never shown any tendency to sail about while laying to a parachute (on 500 ft. scope). Whatever movement there may be is within a five degree arc. If the movement is in fact greater than that it is very difficult to identify it from the other motions, created by the sea state.
All my parachute retrievals since this event have been by a polypropylene trip line, however I find even with the help of various crew members recovering a chute on 500 feet of rode is always work, even when conditions are less hectic. So far as I am concerned, getting to port ahead of a storm is the best tactic. But if that is impractical, lying to a parachute on a bridle, head-to-wind, or even with the sea quartering, is by far the safest and least wearing storm tactic I have tried to date.
S/C-2 Catamaran, Gemini 3000
Catamaran, Gemini 3000
Force 7 and 8 Conditions
File S/C-2, obtained from R.P. King, McCune, KS. - Vessel name King Kat, Gemini 3000 catamaran, designed by Robin Munster and Tony Smith, LOA 30' 6" x Beam 14' x Draft 4' 6" (1' 6" board up) x 3.5 Tons - Sea anchor: 24-ft. Diameter military chest reserve on 300' x 1/2" nylon three strand tether and bridle arms of 40' each, with 1/2" galvanized swivel - Full trip line - Deployed in an Atlantic gale in deep water near Flores Islands (Azores) with winds of 35-40 knots and seas of 10-15 ft. - Vessel's bow yawed 10° - Drift was reported to be minimal.
King Kat was the fifth production "Gemini" catamaran to be built by Performance Cruising, Inc. of Mayo, Maryland. It was a prototype, without the large pilot house that has since become a characteristic of the Gemini. It was purchased by Dr. and Mrs. Robert King, who sailed her to Europe in 1984, this being the first Gemini to have crossed the Atlantic - a great many more have crossed since. Your author received a letter from the Kings in 1985. The envelope had a French stamp on it. Transcript:
Dear Para-Anchors International, we received your newsletter. Since you mention testimonials, we are glad to contribute ours. We cannot equal the high drama of some of your other testimonials; but we hope we can always use our para-anchor because we choose to - not because we have to. A trans-Atlantic sailor sold us his spare para-anchor in the spring of 1984. In June, my wife and I left Tampa Bay for England in our 30' Gemini. We are both 56 years old. These synopses, mostly from the log, explain why we would not be without our para-anchor:
June 19: Had rough, wet night. Winds over 30 knots, waves of showers, irregular 12 ft. waves from all directions. Autopilot out. Jib alone since 0330. Gave it up at dusk and tried para-anchor for first time. Boat swung directly toward wind, still active in the waves, but much slower, easier motion. Both slept like babies. It works!
June 20: Woke refreshed and sailed on. Still overcast. Third day no celestial fixes. Worried about reef west of Bermuda. Set para-anchor before dark. Later saw beacon clearly. Good night's sleep (then went into Bermuda refreshed).
July 11: Waves have been building for five days with winds usually over 30 knots. We must be running with the storm. Autopilot out again. Another day under storm jib alone. Winds today 35-38 knots steady, gusts to 45 in squalls. Para-anchor deployed 2100 hours. Boat dipping bows under breaking waves (about every 20th wave). Slept soundly for 12 hours!
July 12: Arrived off Flores (Azores) Island about midnight. Set para-anchor to sleep until morning. Need daylight to enter the tiny, rockbound unlit harbor. Checked position with beacons. Don't think we drifted a foot in 8 hours.
July 29: Hit by fast-moving front. Winds hit 45 with gusts up to 55. Had para-anchor out before then, however. Good evening playing scrabble.
We have logged 20,000 miles on King Kat including passages to the Caribbean and back, and to Europe and back. In short, the para-anchor gives us the option of taking a breather whenever we choose. It's like being able to call "time out." A para-anchor takes the fear and sweat out of passage-making.
S/C-3 Catamaran, Prout Snowgoose
Catamaran, Prout Snowgoose
37' x 16' x 6 Tons
12-Ft. Dia. Sea Anchor
File S/C-2, obtained from William E. Masters, Columbus OH. - Vessel name Rhayader, Snowgoose catamaran, designed by Prout, LOA 37' x Beam 16' x Draft 2'6" x 6 Tons - Sea anchor: 12-ft. Diameter Para-Tech on 300' x 3/8" nylon three strand tether and bridle arms of 12' each, with 5/8" galvanized swivel - Full trip line - Deployed in a whole gale in the Bay of Biscay, and also in a low system near the Bahamas with winds of 35-60 knots and seas of 20-30 feet. - Vessel's bow yawed 10° - Drift was estimated to be 12 n.m. during 66 hours at sea anchor.
Rhayader, a handsome 37-ft. "Snowgoose" designed and built by the Prout brothers, was purchased in England and sailed across the Atlantic in April 1987. The owner, William Masters, used a 12-ft. diameter Para-Tech sea anchor in a gale in the infamous Bay of Biscay. Winds were then sustained at 45 knots, gusting to 60. The sea anchor was used again about a year later when Rhayader ran into a low system stalled off Bermuda. When a low system gets stalled for an extended period of time, even if it is only packing thirty knot winds it will eventually begins to generate huge waves and swells. On the DDDB form that Masters sent back he indicated that some of the combined seas were higher than 30 ft. On this second occasion Rhayader was tethered to the sea anchor for 66 hours. Transcript:
During the 66 hour period, the seas and wind averaged 040° True. Our drift was 262° True, probably tidal set onto the Bahamas Banks. Also, in April of '87 while sailing to the Canary Islands from England, we deployed the para-anchor off the Continental Shelf, depth unknown. Winds were easterly, sea from the northwest. Nasty. Seas were short and steep (200-250' crest to crest. Winds were steady 45 knots, gusts to 60 knots. Hove to the para-anchor for 22 hours. Drift was 2 n.m. west. Thanks, para-anchor, and of course the Casanovas. I wouldn't leave port without it.
S/C-4 Catamaran
12-Ft. Dia. Parachute
File S/C-4, obtained from Sackville J. Currie, Blaney, Ireland - Vessel name and design unspecified, hailing port Tokyo, catamaran, LOA 40' x Beam 27' x Draft 6' x 3.5 Tons - Sea anchor: 12-ft. Diameter Para-Tech on 60' x 1/2" nylon braid with 1/2" galvanized swivel - Emergency deployment when the windward ama broke off in shallow water (100 fathoms) five miles off Cape Nojima, Japan, with winds of 30 knots and confused seas of 12-15 ft. - Occupants were taken off by a Japanese Coast Guard helicopter.
File S/C-4 illustrates the value of a sea anchor in one of many likely damage control situations. En route to Sendai this 40-ft. catamaran sailed out of Tokyo Bay and, rounding Cape Nojima to head north, ran into 30-knot winds blowing contrary to a local current.
After considerable heavy labor against 12-15' steep, confused and choppy seas the windward pontoon suddenly broke off, leaving the catamaran lame and disabled seven miles offshore, now rapidly drifting out into the open sea.
The owner's main concern was that the boat might tack and, with the one ama broken off, capsize. He immediately deployed a 12-ft. diameter Para-Tech sea anchor off the bow of the remaining hull. The sea anchor held the lame boat more or less head-to-sea, preventing capsize and at the same time keeping the crippled vessel from drifting out of the shipping lanes and into the great Pacific. With the situation temporarily stabilized and the motion of the yacht eased, distress flares were then launched which were spotted by a passing freighter. The captain of the freighter radioed the Japanese Coast Guard, which sent a helicopter to the scene and plucked the survivors off the multihull. The boat was then abandoned to the raging seas, still tethered to its 12-ft. diameter, orange-colored parachute sea anchor.
S/C-5 Catamaran, Walter Greene
May 27, 2014 Noel Swanson	1 Comment
Catamaran, Walter Greene
4-Ft. Dia. Sea Anchor
File S/C-5, obtained from Walter Greene, Yarmouth, ME. - Vessel name Sebago, catamaran, designed by Walter Greene, LOA 50' x Beam 30' x Draft 7' (20" board up) x 5 Tons - Sea anchor: 4-ft. Diameter Shewmon on 250' x 3/4" nylon braid tether and bridle arms of 50' each, with 1/2" galvanized swivel - No trip line - Deployed in a whole gale in deep water in the middle of the North Atlantic with winds of 40-50 knots and seas of 25-30 ft. - Vessel's bow yawed 45-60° - Drift was estimated to be 30 n.m. during 48 hours at sea anchor.
By way of a brief digression we should perhaps mention a previous experience of renowned multihull designer Walter Greene, an experience that ushered in a new era in SAR (search and rescue). Indeed the experience marked a point in maritime history when it became possible to ensure the safety and survival of human life at sea to an extent never before possible.
On 10 October 1982 Greene was sailing his 50' trimaran Gonzo to St. Malo, France, when it capsized in a violent North Atlantic storm 300 miles south-east of Cape Cod. The boat had been running before 30-ft. seas without a drogue when she was picked up and thrown by a huge wave - she broach-capsized when one of her bows dug into green water. Once over the initial shock of the capsize, Greene and his well-prepared crew jumped into action. In no time they had donned their immersion suits, lashed themselves to the upturned, floating, hull, and switched on the EPIRB - Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon.
It was the navigation officer on board TWA's flight 904 that first heard the lonely wailing of Gonzo's EPIRB (the signal is swept audio tone, sounding like a miniature "wow-wow" police siren). The information was immediately relayed to the FAA's Oceanic Control at Islip, New York, which in turn informed Atlantic Rescue at Scott Air Force Base in Illinois.
At that time (1982) SARSAT - Search And Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking - was not quite operational, but a participating Russian satellite, Cospas, was known to be overhead. Scott AFB obtained an uplink and sure enough, no sooner had Cospas signed on than it confirmed a "hit." The satellite then provided data and telemetry needed to pinpoint the position of the distressed vessel. Atlantic Rescue then broadcast an urgent All Ships Bulletin, and the tanker California Getty was diverted to the scene. At the same time, the Coast Guard Air Station at Elizabeth City North Carolina was briefed and advised to launch a C-130 search plane, which picked up Gonzo's EPIRB signal, homed in on it and dropped two datum marker buoys (which transmit additional homing signals on a different frequency).
The tanker California Getty was the first on the scene, but failed to effect safe rescue in the 25 ft. seas, standing off to windward to provide a "breakwater" for the disabled trimaran. And there she stayed, "like a big Saint Bernard," until the 210' Coast Guard Cutter Vigorous arrived on the scene.
One by one the three survivors were taken off to safety, concluding one of the most remarkable rescues in maritime history -one of the first in which a satellite played an instrumental role. (A quick reminder that SARSAT is now fully operational in most areas of the world and any sailor with a Class A EPIRB can access the grid to get a distress signal through to international Search & Rescue agencies).
Walter Greene happily went on to design many more multihulls and four years later used a sea anchor on board his 50' catamaran, the infamous Sebago. The 4-ft. diameter Shewmon sea anchor was deployed off the bow, but was too small to do a satisfactory job (the same sea anchor did a lot better when used off the stern - see file D/C-1.) The bows of the big catamaran yawed past 60° at times.
Shewmon sea anchors are available in many sizes, up to 33 feet in diameter. Literature published by Shewmon, Inc. would seem to indicate the need for an 8-10 ft. diameter Shewmon sea anchor for a boat the size and weight of Greene's Sebago.
Why did Walter Greene choose a 4-ft. diameter sea anchor instead? Likely he was worried about a bigger one being too "unyielding." Victor Shane ran into this same apprehension among other multihull sailors. To this day some of them will react with alarm at the very idea of tethering their boats to a large diameter, "unyielding" sea anchor in a gale.
S/C-6A Catamaran, Crowther
S/C-6A
Catamaran, Crowther
File S/C-6A, obtained from Josh Tofield, Tucson, AZ. - Vessel name Ariel, hailing port San Diego, catamaran, designed by Lock Crowther, LOA 43' x Beam 25' x Draft 3' 3" x 7.5 Tons - Sea anchor: 18-ft. Diameter Para-Tech on 250' x 3/4" nylon three strand tether and bridle arms of 75' each, with 5/8" galvanized swivel - Full trip line - Deployed in a tropical depression in deep water about 400 miles SE of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, with winds of 45-60 knots and seas of 18 ft. - Vessel's bow yawed 10° - Drift was 2 n.m. during 20 hours at sea anchor (confirmed by GPS).
Several weeks after Ariel left San Diego for points south she ran into an unforecast loop of ITCZ - Inter Tropical Convergence Zone - at 21° 09' North, 106° 52' West. In his book, Weather For The Mariner, William J. Kotsch has this to say about the phenomena (Naval Institute Press, reproduced by permission):
"The ITCZ is usually characterized by strong, ascending air currents, a great deal of cloudiness, and frequent heavy showers and thunderstorms. The intensity does, however, vary greatly. Sometimes the ITCZ looks like a tremendous wall of black clouds, with the top extending to 55,000 feet and higher.... The width of the ITCZ varies from about 20 to 150 nautical miles, and as a general rule, the narrower the zone (i.e., the greater the convergence), the more intense is the weather associated with it. When the ITCZ is near the equator, only small and weak cyclonic circulations can develop within it. But when it migrates away from the equator (at least five degrees or more), the influence of the earth's rotation becomes great enough to transfer sufficient "spin" to the converging air currents to permit tropical cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons to develop."
One really needs a chart of Mexican waters to appreciate the value of a parachute sea anchor in tight quarters. Ariel was about 100 miles off the Mexican coast proper, with the rocky islands known as Tres Marias to her lee. The crew consisted of owner Josh Tofield, his wife, and two small children. Tofield deployed an 18-ft. diameter Para-Tech sea anchor and "anchored" Ariel to the surface of the sea.
Tres Marias is a Mexican prison compound. There is a 20-mile forbidden zone around it and pleasure boats have been known to be rammed by gunboats for intruding into the zone. It being dark, and apprehensive about getting too close to the islands, Josh Tofield kept a close eye on the GPS readings. Incredibly, he found that Ariel drifted no more than 2 nautical miles in the 20 hours that she was tethered to the sea anchor. Transcript:
Only 100 miles from Puerto Vallarta and with the Islas Tres Marias in our lee we got caught in a brief but fierce (unpredicted by WX or WXFAX) loop of ITCZ convection sucked up to our latitude. Winds of 45 knots sustained, gusts to 60 for 6-8 hours, with 30-35 knots sustained for 6-8 hours before and after. As long as the wind was blowing from the SE the seas were highest - but also most comfortable, as our catamaran rocked up and down in 18-ft. maximum seas, with 3-ft. breaking tops, and almost no side to side [yawing] motion. However, as the wind veered, large cross swell came under and slammed bridge & deck viciously - but no damage and no excess heeling.
My alternative would have been to run off to the West - which we could have done - but I didn't want to as we would have been blown all the way to Cabo before the wind subsided.
Only problem was the trip line. Perhaps I tied it on wrong to its small swivel, but it fouled fender severely and pulling in required anchor windlass and much bad language!
ADJUSTING BRIDLE FOR BEST RIDE.
This is one of numerous files in which boats had problems with fouled up trip lines. Yet another reminder that FULL trip lines should be kept fairly taut at all times (see Fig. 39 and review last paragraph of file S/T-7). Also, the problem relating to cross swells mentioned by Tofield can in most instances be lessened by adjusting the lengths of the bridle arms on multihulls. By shortening one bridle arm and lengthening the other (Fig. 41) it is possible to rotate the bows into a direction more accommodating to changing sea conditions. If the wind and dominant waves have been coming from the north (0°), for example, and a secondary disturbance begins to squeeze in a different set of waves from the northeast (45°), the skipper may wish to adjust the bridle arms so that the bows are pointing somewhere in between the two sets of waves (about 22°).
S/C-6B Catamaran, Crowther
S/C-6B
Force 10 Conditions
File S/C-6B, second file (see S/C-6A) obtained from Josh Tofield of Tucson, AZ. - SAME VESSEL - SAME SEA ANCHOR - SAME BRIDLE & TETHER DIMENSIONS - Deployed in a storm in deep water about 800 miles northeast of Hawaii with winds of 50-55 knots and seas of 25 ft. - Vessel's bow yawed 10° - Drift was 5 n.m. during 72 hours at sea anchor.
This is the second file involving Ariel. In the previous file she successfully rode out Force 8-9 conditions on the same parachute with a 250' tether. In this file we see that the 250' tether was clearly too short when Ariel ran into a much heavier storm on her way back from Hawaii. The 250' x 3/4" tether was not long enough to provide adequate shock absorption, as a result of which the boat took a severe pounding. Ariel's tether should have been at least 400' in this instance (the general rule of thumb being LOA x 10). Transcript:
Ariel departed Hawaii 11/10/91 with delivery skipper aboard. He has documented over 100,000 miles in deliveries for Compass Yacht Services alone. Approx. 800 miles NE of Honolulu a rapidly moving, intense LOW which was squeezing against a massive hi-pressure cell caught Ariel in the exact center of reinforced winds. Barometer dropped from 1018 to 1002 in 3 hours! (Weather Fax attached). Wind started one hour later and built to Force 10 where it stayed, never dropping below Force 9 in 48 hours. Waves were 25' (conservatively measured from the back of wave height and not from the troughs). Bridle (3/4" nylon) chafed completely through & had to be replaced with 5/8" backup bridle. Later one leg of the 5/8" bridle SNAPPED in the center when hit with very large wave, throwing Ariel backward, shearing the foam & fiberglass off of one rudder completely, and leaving only half of the other rudder (which later broke off). Crew eventually added 100-150' of anchor chain to the 250' of 3/4" nylon tether and rode out the rest of the storm.
Recovery, using the "partial trip line" was very difficult. Engines both out because during the storm, while motoring up to relieve pressure on bridle (while changing it) a large wave submerged entire stern, forcing water up exhaust system and drowning the engines (exhausts 2' above waterline under aft bridge deck !!!!!) Jury rigging done after storm passed. Ariel was then sailed 1500 miles to San Diego. Moral of the story: USE LOTS OF PRIMARY TETHER! What is adequate for Force 9 is not adequate for Force 10!
S/C-7 Catamaran, Wharram
Catamaran, Wharram
9-Ft. Dia. BUORD Sea Anchor
Force 8-9 Conditions
File S/C-7, obtained from Roger Ayers, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. - Vessel name Marney, hailing port Ft. Lauderdale, catamaran ketch, designed by James Wharram, LOA 35' x Beam 17' x Draft 2' 6" x 3 Tons - Sea anchor: 9-ft. Diameter BUORD on 300' x 1/2" nylon three strand tether and bridle arms of 25' each, with 1/2" galvanized swivel - No trip line - Deployed in a low system in 100 fathoms about 25 miles east Cape May, with winds of 35-45 knots and seas of 10-12 ft. - Vessel's bow yawed 30° - Drift was estimated to be 12 n.m. during 6 hours at sea anchor.
Marney, a 35-ft. Wharram "Tangaroa" was home-built by Roger and Marney Ayres, who have been chartering, delivering and crewing yachts on the east coast, the Caribbean and Europe. In June '85 they were sailing her to Florida when they were overtaken by a frontal system off the coast of New Jersey. The wind was blowing Force 7-8, contrary to a southerly current, producing steep, short-duration seas of 10-12 ft. They deployed a 9-ft. diameter BUORD. The parachute was not big enough to do an adequate job of keeping Marney pointed into the seas. Her twin bows were yawing about 30° off to each side - through an arc of 60°. The rudders seemed to be under inordinate strain as well. Transcript:
We were caught departing from Cape May with a good forecast of 10-15 knots. As the afternoon wore on and we reached out, the wind freshened. We decided to beat as far offshore as possible, which we did, finally reduced to storm staysail and a double-reefed main. In this, our first real blow in this boat, we were not operating as "professionally" as we might have, and concerned ourselves only with getting offshore in case the wind backed further to the east, not noting our exact position, etc. just beating on [trying to gain ground].
The sea anchor was deployed from the bows, but allowed too much leeward drift (estimated 2-3 knots), and also allowed us to fall back off the steep, short seas, which had built up in the southerly current. I think that falling back off a larger 15 ft. wave at an angle, we broke both tillers. Note that a catamaran with two large transom-hung rudders, when backing into a trough and burying the sterns, exposes two blades, and two sets of cheeks to the force of the water, approximately 4 times the area of a typical trimaran spade rudder. It is therefore essential that this type of boat (like a Wharram) make no sternway, else use the sea anchor off the stern.
We are saving the BUORD for use as a "lunch hook," but now have a 24' diameter parachute for use off the bow.
The lineage and heritage of James Wharram designs lead back to the Aka Taurua, 60 ft. double-hulled ocean voyaging canoes with which ancient Polynesians explored and settled every island within 15,000 square miles of the greatest ocean on earth. These ancient mariners used "sea anchors" consisting of stones with holes drilled in them, tethered to the bows by means of hibiscus fiber rope.
S/C-8 Catamaran, Kelsall
May 31, 2014 Noel Swanson	2 Comments
Catamaran, Kelsall
Force 11-12 Conditions
File S/C-8, obtained from Rick Kazprzak, Kodiak, Alaska - Vessel name Catherine Estelle, hailing port Kodiak, "Tonga Tora" catamaran, designed by Derek Kelsall, LOA 36' x Beam 20' x Draft 18" x 4 Tons - Sea anchor: 18-ft. Diameter Para-Tech on 450' x 5/8" nylon three strand tether and bridle arms of 50' each, with 5/8" galvanized swivel - Partial trip line - De-ployed in a storm in the Gulf of Alaska about 350 miles west of Queen Charlotte Island, with winds of 70-80 knots and seas of 30-40 ft. - Vessel's bow yawed 10° - Drift was estimated to be about 5 n.m. during 48 hours at sea anchor.
Linda Kasprzak read the second edition of the DDDB and urged Rick to equip Catherine Estelle with a Para-Tech sea anchor. She also saw to it that tether, bridle, hardware and all fitting were ready to take on the Gulf of Alaska.
Rick and Linda Kasprzak left Kodiak on 13 July 1991, headed for Vancouver Island, 1200 miles as the crow flies straight across the Gulf of Alaska. At the half way point they ran into one major storm, one gale, and one minor gale, spending a total of five days tethered to the sea anchor. There were some anxious moments.
The transcript of an official Coast Guard document (CG Juneau, Archive Number 2285) reads as follows: Urgent Marine Information Broadcast - Communications have been lost with the S/V Catherine Estelle endangered by weather in position 53-05 N, 142-65 W. The vessel is a 37 ft. catamaran with 2 persons on board. Vessels in the vicinity are requested to keep a sharp lookout, assist if possible, and advise the nearest CG station.
At the time of this urgent broadcast Catherine Estelle was being held to survival by the long rode leading the Para-Tech sea anchor. Transcript:
The storm we encountered was a major one with a very quickly dropping barometer (1 millibar every 1/2 hour). At the height of the storm we encountered 35-40 ft. seas. I believe I am under-estimating this as the seas were so big that our GPS could not get a fix at times, because it was being blocked out by the huge waves.
Surface analysis chart of the Gulf of Alaska for Sunday 21 July 1991, showing the Aleutian Islands on the upper left, Alaska and Canada on the upper right, and Vancouver Island on the right. Catherine Estelle's position at this time was 53° 15' 42" North, 142° 36' 09" West, which would place her right in the center of the LOW. Note the 2200 mb HIGH to the north. (Courtesy of University of Alaska).
Wind speed increased at the start from 40 to easily over 70 knots. The seas were nothing but white spray, breaking crests and huge waves. We have lived in Kodiak for 15 years and so have experienced many a storm, but have never seen anything like we experienced during those 48 hours. The situation was so bad that we were dressed in survival suits and had the catamaran ready so that if we flipped, we could have access to our EPIRB, survival food and water.
The boat handled very well, but it was unnerving to be held to survival by a thin 5/8" line. Sleep was impossible. The sea anchor definitely saved the boat and I'm sure our lives. It operated flawlessly on those 2 days and the other 3 days during the other 2 gales.
We had 50' bridle arms that went through a specially made SS bow plate, but we had also built a U-bolt to this plate. The bridle was encased in 1/4" thick rubber tubing where it hit metal on the plate. We had a little trouble deploying the sea anchor, mainly because we have a seagull striker in front, plus 2 head stays. But once around all that, we were able to set the anchor just fine. Our catamaran rode these huge seas like a duck rides a wave on the sea anchor. But because the seas were so big, we did have a lot of noise due to waves slapping on the under-body.
The bottom line is that the 18-ft. para-anchor operated as you said it would, and with your help, my wife Lin's forethought, and a well-designed boat, we all did what should have been done and came through a very violent storm and survived with NO damage. Mr. Kelsall must be commended on his fine design of this boat.
Rick & Linda Kasprzak have since logged thousands of miles and used the same sea anchor in other marginal situations. In a letter to your author dated 16 September 1991, Rick wrote about one other episode. At the time Catherine Estelle was beating against 30 knot winds and 10-15' seas when a big wave slammed into her. There was a loud bang. A frantic search revealed that a weld had broken on one of her rudders.
The sea anchor was immediately deployed to bring the situation under control and wait for calmer seas. A radio call to the Canadian Coast Guard brought a response from a nearby fishing boat, with an offer to tow the catamaran to Bella Bella (the nearest port).
In the radio conversation that followed, the skipper of the fishing boat expressed concern about the initial pick-up and transfer of tow line in rough seas. He said he had seen more damage occur in this transfer than in any other situation in all the towing experiences he knew of. Rick Kazperzak:
I said to the captain of the fishing boat, "No problem! Just pick up the trip line connected to the red buoy, pull the chute in, bag it temporarily on deck, then cleat the tether and start your tow."
The fisherman had no problem doing this. He towed Catherine Estelle to a small bay in Bella Bella, and then released the tow - dropped the parachute back in the water and went on his way. Rick Kasprzak:
The point is this: here is another safety use of the sea anchor - towing. Easy pick up of tow line and easy release.
NOTE: When it come to tow lines the Coast Guard will not go along with the above proposition. It has always been the policy of the US and Canadian Coast Guards to use nothing but their own tow lines in all operations. They will not tow a vessel with anything else because they don't want to be liable for failure of the rope - and damage or injury resulting from that failure. See also Captain Bob Proulx's Coast Guard experience in File S/M-23. However, the above proposition is eminently logical when receiving a tow from a friendly fishing boat or pleasure vessel.
EASY TOW LINE TRANSFER
S/C-9 Catamaran, Crowther
June 1, 2014 Noel Swanson	Leave a comment
File S/C-9, obtained from Gary Jones, Rockville, MD. - Vessel name Corinthian XIII, hailing port Chester River, MD, "Witness" catamaran, designed by Lock Crowther, LOA 36' x Beam 17' x Draft 2' x 6 Tons - Sea anchor: 24-ft. Diameter military chest reserve parachute on 450' x 3/4" nylon three strand rode and bridle arms of 25' each, with 5/8" galvanized swivel - Full trip line - Deployed in low system in shallow water (12-15 fathoms) about 50 miles SE of Cape Fear, NC, with winds of 35-45 knots and seas of 8-12 ft. - Vessel's bow yawed 10° - Drift was estimated to be 5 n.m. during 10 hours at sea anchor.
Parachute sea anchors are worth their weight in gold in difficult coastal situations with the wind on the rise and the crew sick and exhausted. Their low rate of drift means that they require practically no sea room, making them the only viable means of stopping the boat and calling "time out" in close quarters. Transcript:
Wind and sea started building about 1800 hrs as we came up on Frying Pan Shoals. With the wind on the nose and the sea becoming choppy we weren't making any progress toward Charleston, South Carolina. At midnight the wind had turned the sea white and many waves were coming over the bow. We were heavy with provisions for a long cruise and five people were aboard. One crew member got sick and the rest were exhausted from fighting the weather.
The prospect for weather during the next 8 hours sounded bad and we knew the chances of being set into the shoals were great, so we decided to set the chute. Holding onto the heaving deck with one hand and setting the chute was tough due to water coming over the bow. It took 1.5 hours to deploy the rig, but it worked great and gave us time to go below and get much-needed rest.


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text:
TSC=tsc
TSFLAGS=--module commonjs --target ES5 --sourceMap --noImplicitAny --noEmitOnError

%.js : %.ts
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.PHONY: all clean runtime-debug runtime-release runtime

all:
	$(TSC) $(TSFLAGS) main.ts

clean:
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	@rm -f -v src/*.js lib/*.js lib/*.js.map

runtime-debug:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Please note: The Banbury Center is not located at the main CSHL campus.
Charles Robertson donated the estate to CSHL in 1976, and its seven-car garage was converted into the "Conference Room", while the Georgian manor (Robertson) house and two large cottages (Meier House and Sammis Hall) provide accommodation for participants during meetings.
The Banbury Center is nestled on a 55-acre estate in the village of Lloyd Harbor, on the north shore of Long Island, about 5 miles from the main Laboratory campus at Cold Spring Harbor.
Banbury is convenient to both LaGuardia and John F. Kennedy airports, the Long Island Railroad (Huntington station), as well as the Long Island Expressway and Northern State Parkway.
Please note: Banbury meetings are dedicated to scientific discussions, and only invited participants stay here; we are unable to accommodate spouses or guests.
The Conference Room is fully equipped with projector and MacOS, Windows computers, and wireless network.
Participants walk outside between sessions and meals, and should pack outerwear/umbrellas as appropriate. Smoking is not permitted in any building.