text:
The real Paul McCartney faces his demons
Interview of Paul McCartney • Oct 1st, 2018
Read interview on MOJO
Timeline See what happened in 2018
Album This interview has been made to promote the Egypt Station Official album.
Songs mentioned in this interview
Happy With You
Paul McCartney: Fuh the win
iHeart Podcast Goes 'Inside The Studio' With Paul McCartney
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How do you know when it's time to make a new album?
There comes a point when you've got too many songs. You need to do something with them. Otherwise my wife will go mad at me – "What are you doing with all these songs in your room?!" Some of these are from quite a while ago. I just stockpile them. So I started to think: "l fancy making an album, it's about time." There's a good 10 songs we've left off this one.
Did you have a musical route map at the outset?
If you want to get noticed these days, to get above the chatter, there's two ways to go. One is to get a producer who's just gonna do Top 10 hits. Like a Taylor Swift album. And I thought, "I'm not sure I wanna do that." Or, you can try and make an 'album' album. More like a concept, to set your brain to – any kind of song, doesn't need to be a hit, something you just feel that may or may not be commercial. So I selected the songs I liked best from what I had and we worked on them with this vague idea at the back of my mind that it was gonna be an entity. There was gonna be a one-ness to it. Making an album, there's a bit at the back of your mind — in mine, anyway — thinking, "What's this gonna be called? Abbey Road? No, that's been done…" I happened to be thinking about a painting I'd done quite a while ago, called Egypt Station. "l like those words," I thought. Then I saw a picture of the painting and thought, "That could be an interesting album cover." I'm not gonna do a big picture of me on the front, smiling. I thought this painting might be interesting: it's crazy enough, and it's a place. A mystical place. So there we were — Egypt Station.
You've created your own world, even by the simple act of giving it a name.
That was the idea. So then we were working with that in mind. I wanted to open it with sounds of the station – which is a nod to Sgt. Pepper, [which opens with] the sounds of a concert hall. I played it to [Beatles engineer] Geoff Emerick actually, when we were in LA, and he said, "That reminds us of something, doesn't it?" I said, "Yup!" So it's a tribute to that. If you wanna do the headphones-for-an-hour trip you can do it with this album."
Crows at the window, dogs at your door – what's going on there?
That's a grown-up song. Sometimes in your life, you're not a god on Olympus. You're a real person walking round the streets. I'm a grandfather, a father, a husband, and in that package there's no guarantee that every minute's gonna go right. (Laughs) In fact, quite the opposite. And there was a private occasion – I'm not gonna get into it — that brought me down. "God, what am I doing wrong?" I'm not knocking it, I have a great life. But from time to time, reality intrudes. This was one of those occasions where it was like, "Oh, fuck me.. ." The only thing I could do was sit down at the piano. (Mimes anguished key thumping) "Got crows at the window! Dogs at ma door!" It all spilled out in that song.
So it's a piano ballad in the blues tradition?
Well exactly, it really is. "Ma woman left me!" It wasn't that, but it was that sort of feeling. I didn't really know what to do about it, other than write a song. So I wrote the song and then felt I had more of an idea what to do. You write out your demons. It felt good to just say, "l don't know what to do!" It's like owning up.
You're not generally perceived as an emotional songwriter, even by other emotional songwriters. When Kanye West was asked about his collaboration with you, he said: "I might be a little more angst than Paul. I'm angst a bit like John Lennon." Yet even your most famous songs surely qualify as exercises in "writing out demons". Yesterday, for example.
Yeah. Or The Long And Winding Road. That's one of the great things about songwriting — it's like a therapy session. But the thing with me is, I'm an optimist. Just every day when I see people, I'm a very outgoing Liverpool type. It's very much how my family was. So it creates a certain impression. (Tweaks from regulation gentle to broad Scouse) "Arright luv, how ya doin', eh? Nice day, isn't it?" That's me. The bottom line is, it sometimes gives people the wrong impression: that I don't care, that I don't think about stuff, and that I'm just a jolly happy chappy. Which isn't true. There's a thousand other aspects you don't see.
Have you ever seen Jeff Lynne without his sunglasses on?
Yes. And it wasn't a pretty sight.
They're his protective shield against the world. Do you have one?
I'm sure I do. I attack with humour and bonhomie.
Which is one reason why I Don't Know is such a great song, because it feels at variance with your public persona, where often you're the embodiment of great self-assurance.
Yeah. I have my moments too. I felt OK about saying that. People may not think I am like this, but they'll sure as hell be able to relate to it.
Likewise Happy With You – it's a positive declaration, but edged with darkness: "I used to drink too much/Forget to come home"…
It is candid — I did used to get stoned, and wasted.
The implication being that you weren't necessarily happy – whereas people might have assumed, Hey! It's Paul, he wrote that 'ode to pot' Got To Get You Into My Life, he's still living the '60s dream, baby…
That's right. Also… I've got a lot of friends who are sober. 'Cos they have to be. Like Ringo, Joe Walsh – because they just took it too far. When we were growing up, everyone would be going to the pub and drinking, but mostly it all seemed quite jolly. But when I talk to Ringo about it, he says 'No, if you give me a vodka, I would have to finish the bottle." So that's empathising with Ringo: used to be doing crazy things, but you don't now, 'cos you're happy. And Ringo is — he's very content with his life.
It's not necessarily autobiographical then?
I did used to get a little bit more crazy than I do now – I've got eight grandchildren, I haven't got the time! Grandad can't just be sitting (laughs) in his armchair with a great big doobie on and a bottle of tequila. Consequently, you are happy. It's really cool to heat a robin singing, see a stream rushing down a mountain. It's good to take time for those things too. That's more how I am now.
When you reflect on your past, would you consider you had periods of self-medication?
Definitely. Most particularly in the period right after The Beatles, when I was bummed out and in the middle of this horrendous shit where someone was going to take every penny we'd ever made. That wasn't easy, and led to a very difficult time in my life. I definitely self-medicated there, and drank more than I ever had and probably more than I ever have since. But you go through it.
You write out your demons…
And Happy With You is saying there's this other thing too: 'l lied to my doctor, but these days I don't…"
Who hasn't lied to their doctor?
That's what I mean! "No, I'm fine, feeling great…"
"Just the one glass of wine a week…"
(Laughs) That's the one! It's a big glass! Yeah, these things creep into your songs. They're not all autobiographical, but you inevitably pull in bits from what's happening to you.
You're a 76-year-old who's about to tour the world yet again. Do you entertain thoughts of retirement?
Inevitably you do. I mean, I had those thoughts at 65. Which is a while ago. 'Cos 65 is the retirement age. In my world, in the working class.
It's 66 now.
Oh they moved it? Hey, they can move it as far as they like, I don't mind. 'Cos my work is play. Seems to be working OK.
The Rolling Stones are still out there – do you feel a common cause with them, enabling you to keep going?
I'm giving them the confidence to go out there. They're looking at Macca and thinking, "Well, if he can still do it…"! We've all realised we love playing. And we do happen to be good at it.


This is a great example of an early Empire Strikes Back hardcopy, something that doesn't turn up with a whole lot of regularity. It's also nice that it's of one of the neatest looking of all ESB figures, the AT-AT Driver. Above you see the front view. This prototype is painted slightly differently than were the production figures.
Above we see a rear view of the painted hardcopy.
Here you see the figure with the limbs removed, as well as a comparison shot of the prototype alongside the production figure. From the comparison photo you can see the minor differences in paint application that exist between the hardcopy and standard figure. The disassembled view, on the other hand, reveals the type of material that was used to make this piece. It's brownish in color. This is typical of hardcopies made prior to 1982 or so. This is just one of the fantastic pieces in Mike's collection. If you get a chance, have a look at the excellent web site he's developed to showcase his collection. It's called First State Star Wars, and can be accessed by clicking here.


Father Hurley shares his experiences from the first days of World War II until the end of hostilities. He saw and endured the pain brought by war, but lived through optimistically, firsthand and vicariously, through the different personalities—Americans, Filipinos, Japanese, and others—whom he knew and got in contact with.
Published in 2005. Finalist, 2005 National Book Award, for Autobiography/Biography.


Adelaide Lawyers, home-visit, Port Pirie, estate planning, wills.
I've been lucky enough to be blessed with an interesting career. I've been a journalist, worked at the pointy-end of government … I've even had a hand in showbiz.
You'd think I'd have seen it all.
I've been working at Welden & Coluccio Lawyers for six months, and the only word to describe my time here is "surprise".
Surprise at the how important lawyers really are to everyday life.
Surprise at how a good lawyer can actually save you money.
Surprise at how simple mistakes in a DIY will can be so costly.
Surprise at the simple legal strategies that can help to better secure an inheritance.
But perhaps the biggest surprise is seeing how this law firm operates.
Before I came to Welden & Coluccio, if I imagined a law firm, it would be a walnut-lined office filled with leather-bound books, heavy doors with golden name plaques, chesterfield lounges and quiet hallways stalked by people with hyphenated surnames who wouldn't pick up phone for less than $200 a minute.
Thankfully, for this working-class boy from Port Pirie, that's simply not the reality.
I'm yet to see a wig or gown. The main office is more a shrine to the Port Adelaide Football Club than the cloistered grounds of a mouldy law school.
The staff share lunch; there's no pecking order. It's a workplace built on trust.
Greg and Jason feature in playful, movie-inspired posters that gleefully take the mickey out of themselves (despite being leaders in the field who'd probably be excused for having a slightly inflated ego were it another firm).
I've seen Greg Welden pick up a time-bomb in a contact that could have cost a family millions (a time-bomb other law firms missed).
I've seen Jason Coluccio quietly sneak out of the office, only to find he was attending the funeral of long-settled client who had no one else. I've seen Joanna help families navigate the pain of divorce amicably, and Maddalena piece together complex paper trails that would put any forensic investigator to shame.
What I have seen is four lawyers who treat their clients like people, charge a fair price and genuinely care about their client's situation – not just from a legal perspective, but a human one above all.
Just last week, Greg and I visited a lovely woman in her 80s who wanted a new will but couldn't leave her house.
That's not the kind of service you get from a big law firm. When you're a number, you're told to go somewhere else.
Not here. The only numbers Greg and Jason care about are how many grandchildren you have, or how many goals your eldest scored in footy or netball last weekend.
It's nice to be surprised like that.


Saugeen Golf Club is a 27-hole facility with full irrigation, daily manicuring, bunkers of sparkling white sand, several water hazards, plus four sets of tee blocks per hole, offering a challenge for all golfers, from the beginner to the experienced. Their ''The Terrace Restaurant'' offers a full menu, tempting snacks, daily ''express'' lunch specials and a spacious patio. Business Luncheon meetings and corporate outings welcome. Fully licensed.
full menu restaurant "the Terrace Restaurant"


Google's $12.5 billion Motorola Mobility buyout closed today, raising the specter of potential layoffs.
Here's where potential Motorola IT jobs may be at risk and where others may be sitting on more secure ground.
Layoffs at Motorola Mobility post-merger could reach as high as 30 percent of the smartphone's worldwide workforce, according to a TechCrunch report cited in The Verge. But TechCrunch has since removed that 30 percent figure.
A review of Motorola Mobility's recent job postings by Dice News shows some interesting patterns that may hint to where an ax could fall.
Engineering jobs look pretty secure, given the cell phone maker has been posting positions as recently as yesterday and a number of them are in the United States.
UI developers in the U.S. may not be as lucky. The company has been hiring in this area for the past two months, but mainly overseas. The same can be said for folks working in Motorola's operations and supply chain, where recent hiring has largely been in China, as one would expect.
Things look rather bleak if you work in information technology or integrated circuit design at Motorola. Little to no new job postings have appeared in these two areas recently, raising the question of whether jobs here may be at stake in a post Google-Motorola world.
The good news is Google plans to keep some of the key Motorola executives around. It announced its new executive lineup today. Motorola's Iqbal Arshad will remain in charge of product development, Mahesh Veerina continues to oversee software and enterprise, and Jim Wicks will continue to head consumer experience design.
Motorola Mobility's CEO Sanjay Jha, however, has stepped down as CEO and will continue to help with the transition. Dennis Woodside, former president of Google Americas and lead in the integration efforts, will take over as CEO of Motorola Mobility.
Also departing, though, according to All Things Digital, are strategy chief John Bucher, Senior VP Alain Mutricy, supply chain head Mike Fleming, chief marketer Bill Ogle, HR head Scott Crum, operating chief Juergen Stark, CFO Marc Rothman and enterprise unit head Christy Wyatt. It says Mahesh Veerina, the senior VP of software and services, will take Wyatt's duties.
Google has about 33,000 employees and will gain about 19,000 with the Motorola deal. Business Insider quotes an unnamed former Google executive saying that integrating that many people into the company would be imposible. That article says Google's largest acquisition by headcount so far has been DoubleClick, in which it added 1,600 workers. And then-CEO Eric Schmidt told DoubleClick to cut its staff by 40 percent.
In November, Motorola Mobility announced it was cutting its work force by 800 people to slash costs, but that reduction apparently was not the final ax to fall in the acquisition. Before Motorola split its business in two, it cut 3,000 jobs in 2009 and around 1,000 in 2010. About 700 people were let go in 2011 before the November layoffs.
In writing about Motorola Mobility's plans to move to downtown Chicago, blogger Don Wilmott cited Crain's Chicago Business contention that the move signals that Google intends to keep all of Motorola Mobility's parts, rather than sell off the hardware businesses and keep the patents. Google has said all along that Motorola Mobility will continue as a separate organization.


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Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-concussion Syndrome
Ulcerative Colitis and Chrons
Wound Healing and Infections
Sport Injury Healing
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury
Of all the wounds we can sustain, those that alter our daily existence scare us the most. Losing a limb, damaging our spine, or suffering severe brain injury are probably at the top of most lists when it comes to injuries we will avoid at all costs, and with good reason. If you look at spinal cord injury (SCI) alone, there are over 93, 000 people living with the effects in Canada right now. Roughly half of those are due to disease, but the other rough half is due to traumatic injury of some kind.
The same breathtaking complexity that gives our brain and nervous system its singular qualities also poses challenges when it comes to repairing damage. Most nervous system cells are so special and specialized that they cannot just replicate themselves to replace injured tissue. There is really nothing like them.
How does a naturopathic doctor deal with injuries to these complex systems? The same way as with anything else: look at them holistically and tailor treatment to the individual person and scenario.
One tool our Calgary naturopaths may use in cases of SCI is Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT).
HBOT delivers pure oxygen at a pressure greater than what we normally experience. By doing so, it causes huge amounts of molecular oxygen to reach every area of the body. The ultimate effects are varied and widespread, from reducing inflammation to triggering the development of new blood vessels.
With SCI — or any other injury — oxygen is a critical nutrient for repair. HBOT delivers this nutrient in copious amounts, giving all the cells and signals everything they need to do the best job possible.
In one example, researchers separated 160 rats into four groups. Two of the groups sustained a precise spinal cord injury. Every rat in these two groups was paralyzed. They had virtually no function in their hind limbs. Of those, one group received HBOT, but the other did not.
The HBOT group showed marked improvement above and beyond what the non-HBOT group achieved. The results in this study — and others — show enough of a difference to warrant further investigation into how exactly HBOT yields what it does.
Results vary significantly with the location and severity of damage, as well as the time between injury and treatment. (Studies with animals and humans introduce treatment immediately or within a few days.)
According to the study HBOT can yield up to 60% improvement in cases of spinal cord injury. That means greater strength and sensation.
The best option is to continue HBOT treatments alongside conventional treatments. Our naturopaths at the Nardella clinic in Calgary can help find the right treatment plan for you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


For several weeks now, I've anticipated writing this post. One would think that amidst that anticipation would be a touch more preparation. There wasn't, so I'll apologize in advance for the stream-of-consciousness which follows.
Three months ago today, I posted a "Gone Fishing" message in place of what should have been the sixty-fourth edition of my supposed-to-be-weekly "A Round Tuit" series of legal blogging reviews. At the time, it was a combination of a spike in workload, a flurry of family obligations, and a blogging malaise which prompted me to take what I figured would be a one- or two-weeks-long break from the series. As workload has eased (most weeks) and those family obligations have also become more manageable (most weeks), only that malaise has persisted. It's overdue for me to acknowledge that Round Tuit drowned on his fishing trip.
Whereas earlier entrants were driven by their desire to communicate their own ideas and experiences and engage with others, most newer entrants are driven by other concerns. The marketeers weren't here in the beginning; the legal blogs built to maximize SEO values and composed of scraped content or content written by non-lawyers weren't here in the beginning; the BigLaw blogs, which ably summarize current legal issues but usually don't offer much perspective and don't attempt to engage with other bloggers, weren't here in the beginning. They're all here now, and their sheer numbers have diluted the legal blogosphere to the point that, on the whole, it's no longer characterized by the substance and engagement it once was. It's a Happysphere because a significant portion of it is comprised of blogs without substance, disengaged bloggers, and happy marketeers. Criticism is absent because it gains these players nothing.
I'll admit to more than a little frustration of late with the state of things. Is this a thing worth continuing? Into my sixth year of doing this, one would think that I have some answers, but I don't. I honestly don't. Part of my frustration stems from my somewhat vested interest in a healthy legal blogosphere. I've spent a number of years here trying to do what I could to see that new readers could find bloggers who had something meaningful to say, a clear voice with which to say it, and enough backbone to criticize and be criticized in return. There are still many, many bloggers who fit that bill, but it seems that neither they nor I can hope to hold back the tide. With a vested interest comes a loss of perspective, I fear.
It's begun to feel more like punditry than a conversation. While those who can't withstand scrutiny like it that way, real lawyers don't. It's all about the conversation, whether happy, angry, or just pleasantly disagreeable. Without it, this place is a bore. At least for me. And if it's boring, then it's not worth the effort.
Like Kevin [O'Keefe], I've tried to nudge others to take stands, do something meaningful, write as if they give a damn, engage with the larger blawgosphere, and tell the marketing gurus to shove their lies where the sun doesn't shine. But the question remains, will the third wave want to join the blawgosphere, or is this only about existing in their marketing isolation. If the latter, then the blawgosphere will not survive.
This struck a chord with me. As a Blawg Review Sherpa and in my Round Tuit series, what I enjoyed was highlighting the links amongst the participants in distributed conversations on interesting topics. In most cases, the connections were already there in some form and I simply reiterated them and added a few thoughts of my own. Sometimes, on my better days, I could see connections which the participants hadn't and was able to link together a range of views on a particular topic. So much of what's written now is — as Greenfield points-out — isolated by design and is difficult to connect to something larger. Several times in writing a Round Tuit, I've skipped-over what was undeniably a major event because most of the blogging amounted to the same summary of facts. No opinion. No analysis. No connections. No value added.
Week after week, as I winnowed the links I'd collected to identify the better posts, I began to find that the quality posts were generally from the same dozen or so bloggers. Of the more than 150 feeds I followed, only these few consistently and a few others reliably added anything of value. Unfortunately for the "Round Tuit" concept, recommending the same people nearly every time is not a review of the legal blogosphere's voice on major events; it's a blogroll of the dwindling number of people worth reading each week.
When I read back through this post sometime after I hit the "Publish" button, I'm sure that I'll be dismayed by how petty, peevish, and bitter this all sounds. I'll be dismayed because that's not at all an accurate reflection of how I feel. I'm glad to have found the best of the legal blogosphere over the past several years and to have discovered that these people are also amongst the best in my profession.
That's still true, but that "writing worth reading" is less representative of the increasingly-frivolous legal blogosphere. Such a situation would seem to make a review like Round Tuit more valuable rather than less. After all, we need guides when the sights are harder to find amongst the sprawl and blight, not when they're apparent wherever you go. The fact that I can't motivate myself to continue speaks more to the character of the blawgosphere reviewer than to the blawgosphere itself. It's not you, in other words, it's me.
If you made it to A Round Tuit (63), I'm deeply appreciative and I'm sorry that there will be no A Round Tuit (64). There's certainly still writing worth reading out there. You don't need me to remind you to keep reading Greenfield, Bennett, Pribetic, Turkewitz, Charon, the guys at Popehat, and others who write with passion, offer opinions and insight, spare you the hard sell, and link to those who do similarly. For as long as that legal blogosphere continues to exist, I'll continue to follow it and perhaps to find a way to remain a part of it.
South African holidaymakers searching for their hotel with "splendid views" of the pier in Eastbourne, Sussex, had one problem. They were 12,000 miles away in Eastbourne, New Zealand.
Michael and Sunette Adendorff thought something was wrong with their hire car's GPS as they drove around in circles in the Wellington suburb, looking for the £90-a-night Majestic Hotel on Royal Parade.
When they pulled into the local chemist's shop to ask directions, they were shocked to discover that Eastbourne (population 4,600), New Zealand, does not even have a hotel.
Shop assistant Linda Burke said: "They just walked in and asked me where Royal Parade was, with the Majestic Hotel.
"I said: Oh no, there's no hotel here.
"I looked at it and said: That's in the UK, that's in England.
"He checked on the internet and said he did think it was funny they charged him in pounds."
Mayor Bob Ryan of Sheboygan, a town of about 51,000 people 50 miles north of Milwaukee, apologized for a wild, boozy weekend in which he passed out in a local tavern. But he said his alcoholism doesn't affect his job performance and said he would not resign, despite a unanimous vote by a city council committee, according to Reuters.
"Did I pass out on a bar? Yes I did. I'll admit that. Was I in a scuffle? Yes. Did I start it? No, I did not," he told a local radio station, WHBL.
Although he's a self-confessed alcoholic, Ryan said he's still a good mayor.
"Alcohol has affected my personal life greatly," Ryan said. "I have never walked into a city meeting or council meeting under the influence of alcohol."
Ryan said he would continue to get treatment, but this isn't the first scandal he's been hit with. A YouTube video showed Ryan making sexual comments about a relative in a phone call and faces sexual harassment accusations from a female employee he fired, according to WTMJ.
From jail, a Florida county inmate used a glitch in the phone system to pad his inmate trust account with refunds and finance his bail, the Orlando Sentinel reports.
Larry Stone, 32, discovered the quirk when his first call from the Lake County jail for about $20 didn't go through but showed up twice in the trust account as a refund, the newspaper's Arelis R. Hernández writes.
Stone, who was arrested in April on property-crime charges, spent the next four hours making 77 local, long-distance and international calls until he had piled up more than $1,250 -- enough to bond out of jail, according to a sheriff's office investigation.
Stone faces additional charges of scheming with intent to defraud and grand theft, the Sentinel says.


How did you create design guidelines for your organization?
As a newly hired UX specialist, I'm planning to create design guidelines for developers and QA testers in my organization.
The problem is I'm not sure what's the best way to approach this. Shall I start writing it from scratch? or maybe collect stuff from design pattern libraries? I'm not quire sure.
Similarities and differences among applications. Identify things that are de facto standards (e.g., an icon for a particular function) that should become a guideline and also things that need standardization (e.g., the same function having two different icons depending on the app).
Obvious and suspected bad design. Identify repeated design features that you think would cause usability problems that you want your guidelines to eliminate. Also keep an eye out for clever designs that help users.
This also includes reviewing corporate documentation and meeting with marketing personnel to identify purely aesthetic features that need to be standardized to establish a brand.
Your guidelines can cite existing standards or design patterns, such as the Windows UX Guidelines, but you can't count on everyone reading them or even using them. Nonetheless, you should only cite, not reproduce, existing standards in your guidelines except for serious blatant violations you uncovered in your applications review that warrant special attention.
Mostly you want to interpret relevant guidelines for the kinds of applications your organization makes. For example, the web guidelines at Usability.Gov say to "Put important, clickable items in the same locations, and closer to the top of the page, where their location can be better estimated." In your guidelines, you can specifically state whether a side-bar or top-margin menu will be used, what links (or kinds of links) go in the sidebar menu, and what order they should have.
Your guidelines need to be consistent with the technology your organization uses. Particularly for web apps, what you can do depends on what exact development platform your developers are using. For example, there's no point specifying when and how to use expanders when the developers' library doesn't include expanders. If you're unfamiliar with the details of the technology, then meet with developers and discuss what is and isn't feasible. You might be surprised at what they can do.
You may need to do some research and usability testing for certain guidelines. These could be things you suspected would be problem in your initial review of applications, but weren't sure, or things that are difficult (but not impossible) to implement –you want to be sure it's worth the effort. Observe users using existing applications or test them on prototypes or demos for new applications or technologies.
Provide a short summary of highlights (e.g., an annotated illustration of a typical window). Almost no one is going to read your entire guidelines, so provide something quick they can look through to get the most important points.
Organize, link, and/or index it like designers and developers think. For a given design or development task, your readers should be able to get to the relevant guidelines quickly and go through them like a checklist. Look at how your organization divides work for clues on how to organize the guidelines.
Provide plenty of illustrated examples. This draws the readers attention, informs with a quick glance, aids interpretation of text, and, let's face it, it's easier to copy something than make it up yourself. Given you can expect designers and developers to copy the examples, make sure your examples are fully compliant with all your guidelines, not just the guideline you want to illustrate. Make sure bad examples are clearly labeled as bad examples.
Test it on designers and developers. Give some a simple design task and see if they can find and use all relevant guidelines. Get feedback from them on how useful and helpful they find it. If it isn't easy to use, they won't use it.
Be on hand to answer questions about it when it comes time for developers and designers to get to work. Advertise yourself as the Guideline Guru.
Eric Schaffer of HFI has written an excellent step-by-step guide aptly titled How to Develop an Effective GUI Standard.
I think that Michael's answer is excellent. One word of caution though: evolving and changing an organization's culture is just as important as establishing guidelines. This can only happen slowly, over time, e.g. by emailing colleagues occasional screen snapshots of bad design (preferably others, not your own colleagues'), holding a brown bag lunch with a presentation, etc. You really want them to be on-board with you and to not feel like the guidelines are some constraints coming from Mars.
This may or may not apply to your organization, but I thought it's still worth mentioning.
I've just created such a doc for my company. At the beggining it was really hard to find out where to begin.
Sure, you can find more item for the list but this is the way i've followed. Also keep in mind that "corporate identity" docs are also helps a lot. World famous companies and universities shares their docs on web.
what do we, as an organization, stand for in terms of design?
In my opinion, the first page of a guideline book should answer that fundamental question, otherwise, no matter how good the UX or how detailed is your UI guideline is described (here is Apples'iOS Human Interface Guidelines for ref.), your designers will not know in which direction to go.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged guidelines or ask your own question.
How does one create Website UI guidelines?
Guidelines for ordering of tabs?
Guidelines for browser page overlap?
Are there guidelines for Viewer-friendly interface design?
In an organization using SCRUM, who guides design?
How to create Mobile design guide lines for Developers?


Rare opportunity when a luxury gulf front estate is being offered professionally designed & decorator furnished & move in ready for the most discerning buyer. Located on the pristine 8 mile barrier island of Casey Key, this gulf to bay home offers a perfect Florida retreat with both 100 feet of direct beachfront living & boating from your brand new private dock. Relax and put your toes in the sand, or enjoy a poolside cocktail, dine 'al fresco' at your poolside Loggia-while enjoying the most incredible sunsets. This luxurious property greets you with extensive tropical landscaping and private gated entry. The home has been designed & styled with the highest quality materials, including eye catching designer lighting, custom cabinetry and premium quality finishes & fittings. Imported French oak floors, tongue & groove ceilings, French Doors offering views of the gulf, designer tile & marble work and custom woodworking details are a few of the exquisite features. The chef inspired kitchen offers a Wolf Range, Sub Zero refrigerator, two Sub Zero wine coolers and two Miele dishwashers. This 3 level home with multiple covered porches also offers an elevator, 4+ garage, extensive entertainment & audio system, all new hurricane rated and custom windows in 2009, security cameras and generator for your peace of mind. Dry boat storage in a full service Marina less than a mile away is included. Sink into consummate luxury and an amazing beachfront lifestyle. Please see Cinema & Virtual Tour for added viewing.
Driving Directions: US 41 (Tamiami Trail) south, head west on Blackburn Pt Rd, south on Casey Key Rd to 703 which is on Gulf side.
703 Casey Key Rd, Nokomis, FL 34275 (MLS# A4113565) is a Single Family property that was sold at $5,300,000 on April 15, 2015. This property was listed by Jill Friedman from our Longboat Key Office.Want to learn more about 703 Casey Key Rd? Do you have questions about finding other Single Family real estate for sale in Nokomis? You can browse all Nokomis real estate or contact a Coldwell Banker agent to request more information.


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Saudi Arabia's oil giant Aramco has shelved plans to embark on a massive corporate-bond sale to fund a $70bn stake in the kingdom's national petrochemical firm, a news report said.
Looking instead at options requiring less public disclosure, people familiar with the matter told the Wall Street Journal on Monday that Aramco executives have soured on the initiative.
Saudi Arabian Oil Co, as the company is officially known, was considering issuing up to $40bn in bonds to help buy 70 percent of Saudi Basic Industries Corp (SABIC), the Journal reported.
Aramco has been in talks with banks to acquire a controlling stake in the Saudi petrochemical maker, a deal that could require up to $70bn in financing.
Controlled by the state, SABIC is also the country's largest publicly listed company with a market cap of about $100bn.
A corporate bond sale on international markets typically requires public disclosure of three years of audited financial statements as well as any potential obstacles. Aramco is known not to offer analysts such detailed company information.
Aramco executives are also concerned that market conditions aren't ideal for bond sales, the newspaper reported, and they are now looking at a combination of other potential financing options.
Over the past month oil prices have fallen more than 20 percent. Saudi Arabia plans to boost prices with a production cut – but uncertainty remains.
Saudi-led OPEC and its allies including Russia decided in June to relax output curbs in place since 2017, after pressure from US President Donald Trump to reduce oil prices and make up for supply losses from Iran.
Aramco, the world's largest crude oil producer, plans to boost investment in refining and petrochemicals in a bid to cut reliance on crude as demand for oil slows.
The move to quit the corporate-bond sale was the latest setback for Aramco after the Saudi government's plan to place up to five percent of the company on the stock market also stalled.
The planned listing was to be the cornerstone of the kingdom's promised economic overhaul and, at a targeted $100bn, the biggest IPO ever.
It was the brainchild of 32-year-old Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, also known as MBS, the heir apparent of the world's largest oil exporter.
Saudi Energy Minister Khalid al-Falih has said the government was committed to conducting the IPO at an unspecified date in the future.


Ian is recognised as one of New Zealand's most influential leaders in intellectual property. He heads the James & Wells Litigation team and acts for many local and multi-national companies, helping them to obtain and enforce their intellectual property rights in Australasia. Ian has extensive litigation experience across a range of industries, particularly in construction, manufacturing, engineering, and medical devices.
He is the General Editor of New Zealand's leading text on intellectual property law, James & Wells Intellectual Property Law.
Outside of work, Ian loves hanging out with his kids, mountain biking, fishing and restoring cars. .
Ian is a formidable force in the courtroom. He has represented several multinational corporations in patent opposition cases including ResMed and Bayer. He represented international jeans company G-Star Raw in a landmark copyright case against Jeanswest New Zealand in which the most damages were awarded by a New Zealand court in a civil case involving a breach of intellectual property rights.


MP3-Juice.mobi is an original free video hosting website that enables users to access, view, upload, store and share their personal videos. Users are granted unlimited storage space but for bandwidth cost-control each video is limited to a duration of 16 minutes and size of 100 MB. Because the Website is not designed as a video back-up service, you are responsible for taking all necessary precautions to safeguard your video files. In accordance with internet practice and custom, advertisements may be incorporated into the Website.
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text:
Q: Error handling with different error structures in my custom Integromat app I have an API that returns different error structures for different endpoints and status codes. Sometimes it's a string, sometimes a complex object or an array. Since Integromat requires all error handling to be done in one place in the Base and not in the modules, how can I implement this correctly?
Case 1
  "data": {
    "error": {
      "user_ids.0": [
        "The user_ids.0 must be an integer."
      ]
    }
  }

Case 2
  "data": {
    "error": "Not found"
  }

A: It is possible to use the JavaScript function for processing the response and getting an error message. Please take a look at the example below:
Base:
{
"response": {
        "output": "...",
        "error": "{{parseErrorMessage(body)}}"
    }
}

function parseErrorMessage(body) {
  if ('string' === typeof body.data) return body.data;

  ...
}

Custom JS is disabled by default, please get in touch with our support to enable it. Ref: https://docs.integromat.com/apps/app-structure/iml-functions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Meet the BUFFnation family!
We're here to educate, motivate and inspire you to become the best version of YOU.
Meet Leslie
Leslie Gordon Christie is the creator of The Buff Mom, BUFFnation and Delish by Design programs, designed to help women unlock their infinite potential and live their best lives possible.
Leslie has more than two decades of experience in the health and wellness industry. She has worked alongside some of the best in the personal development industry, including Bob Proctor from The Secret and motivational speaker Paul Martinelli.
As a Mindset and Weight Release Coach, what sets Leslie apart, is her ability to help her clients create a vision, break through negative beliefs, and replace them with positive thoughts and habits that will lead them to a healthy lifestyle.
Leslie is also a Culinary Nutrition Specialist, and Certified Personal Trainer.
Leslie's unique connection to her clients stems from her own experience with body image. As an adolescent, she struggled with weight issues and low self-esteem. It wasn't until she picked up a fitness magazine while standing in line at the grocery store, that her life changed. Leslie started to work out the very next day, and soon discovered the power of exercise, mindset, and healthy eating on both self-confidence and self-esteem.
Prior to building her own business, Leslie was an anchor and reporter for Canada's largest private network, CTV. Aside from her television work, she was also the associate editor of Oxygen magazine and a freelance health journalist for a variety of Canadian publications.
Originally from Providence, Rhode Island, Leslie grew up in Thunder Bay, Ontario and has her communications degree from Carleton University. Leslie studied journalism and fitness leadership at Humber College in Toronto.
Leslie lives in Cambridge, Ontario, with her husband Kyle and two sons, Carter and Allister, and Labradoodle Ace.
Laura Williams started BUFFnation in 2011 after having 3 beautiful boys. Since then, she has lost 25 inches and is more fit + smaller than she was prior to having kids!
Growing up on a farm with 6 siblings, sports were not a priority.
"I was never very good at sports. I tried some after meeting my husband when I was 15. Some squash, golf, and a little yoga but it's this program that really let me experience and grow a part of me I was not aware I had."
Laura is now a certified fitness instructor, sharing the BUFFnation program with other women to motivate them to achieve what may seem impossible. She also assists with the healthy lifestyle and cooking program, Delish by Design.
With a family history of diabetes and cancer, Laura feels it's important to live a lifestyle with exercise and a well-balanced diet.
Laura Williams is a dental hygienist and lives in St. George with her husband Matt and their 3 boys: Ryan, Nathan & Morgan.
Courtney Butler
Courtney Butler joined BUFFnation in 2011, where she started as a participant.
She instantly fell in love with training through the program which kick-started her career in 2013 as a Canfitpro Certified Fitness Trainer. By 2014, Courtney started instructing classes at BUFFnation.
BUFFnation has grown into something special for Courtney through the love of how it brings community together.
"I appreciate the strength I have built over the last 10 years. Fitness has become a lifestyle, a stress reliever, and it saved my sanity. I am forever grateful for this program - the women who sweat and work hard right alongside me."
Courtney is almost 45 years young now and lives in Cambridge, Ont., with her 3 amazing kids. Together with her supportive husband, their family enjoys their two dogs and a crazy cat.
Natalie Fisk
Natalie Fisk joined the BUFFnation program in 2015, after trying one class that was recommended to her. In search of something new to shake up her usual routine, Natalie found something special in the BUFFnation community. The support and fabulous workouts assured the program was the right fit for her.
Leading an active lifestyle, Natalie knows first-hand the impact our behaviours have on our health, mood, mindset, and relationships.
She is proud to be a part of BUFFnation, "I love to help people and that's what I get to do every day as a trainer. In my role, I can reach many women and help guide them to their most healthy, happy, and best lives!"
Natalie is a Canfitpro Certified Fitness Trainer and a core confidence specialist (advanced training for the core and pelvic floor). Her passion for fitness acquired her training in pre and postnatal fitness along with a BASc. in Human Nutrition from the University of Guelph.
In addition to BUFFnation, Natalie leads core strength classes as a physiotherapy assistant at KW Pelvic Health and is a freelance copy editor.
Natalie, her husband, Doug, and their 2 children, Jackson + Autumn, live in Waterloo, Ont., where they spend much of their time being active outdoors.


Schools licensing the Queensland curriculum receive access to internationally recognised syllabuses and associated resources/support through DEi's Offshore Projects Unit (OPU) and the Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority (QCAA).
Syllabuses: Authorised access to all Key Learning Areas' (KLA) core curriculum for the year levels licensed.
Essential Learnings and Standards (ELS): ELS are at the core of the curriculum and provide direction to teachers on what should be taught and learnt in schools.
Regular Updates: subscriptions to QCAA news for schools including regular curriculum updates.
Resources: Project Management through the OPU, quality reviews and professional development.
For latest information on subjects offered, visit Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority (QCAA).
Apply to become a Queensland curriculum licensed school.
A Queensland Recognised School delivers Queensland's Year 11 and Year 12 curriculum, including Year 12 certification for eligible students (a Statement of Results and Queensland Certificate of Education).
The Queensland Certificate of Education (QCE) is a widely recognised qualification for entry into English-speaking universities in Australia and elsewhere in the world.
the governing body of which has an agreement with the State (local government body) under which the governing body is authorised to implement, for the students, the authority's syllabuses for senior subjects.
Offshore delivery is monitored by OPU and requires Recognised Schools to enter into a commercial agreement with the Queensland Government to license the Year 11 and 12 Queensland curriculums.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:format}

As mobile devices are widely used, speech-related technologies are becoming more commonplace. For example, the increasingly popular conversational assistants, such as Apple's Siri, Microsoft's Cortana and Amazon's Alexa, all utilize speech interaction to enable desired user experience.

Among them, one important voice interactive technology is called Keyword Spotting (KWS), which continuously listens for specific keywords in an audio stream to initiate voice input. The KWS system, which incorporates the interface for specific query commands, is especially useful in situations like driving, and has extensive product applications, like ``Okey Google'' in the smart speaker of Google Home. To prevent the devices disconnecting from the remote server for spotting tasks, the KWS system should run on portable devices, and therefore must satisfy the requirements of high accuracy, low latency, small memory footprint and low computing cost.

With great successes of Deep Neural Network (DNN) in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR)~\cite{hinton2012deep},
the DNN based Deep-KWS system~\cite{chen2014small}
has shown to outperform the traditional keyword and filler Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) in the literatures~\cite{rose1990hidden, wilpon1991improvements},
which can be computationally expensive depending on the HMM's topology. The Deep-KWS is trained to predict sub-word or full-word units in key phrases, and then gives a confidence score based on frame-level label posteriors in DNN's output layer. Then the work~\cite{sainath2015convolutional}
substitutes Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for DNN in small-footprint KWS tasks by means of limiting the number of multiplications or parameters. These methods heavily rely on keyword-specific speech data, resulting in a limited number of training samples and a big man-powered or economic cost for data acquisition. For lack of a mass of training data, the model of the larger number of parameters would have worse performance. These shortcomings impose restrictions on flexibility in practical deployment.

If not having enough keyword-specific data or even without them, we reflect how to set up one efficient KWS system appropriate for commercial products. Could the available LVCSR corpus play a role in this aspect? The answer is yes. In this paper, we propose one keyword spotting system using Deep Neural Network and Connectionist Temporal Classifier (CTC)~\cite{graves2006connectionist},
which makes full use of general LVCSR corpus. We refer it as CTC-KWS. One DNN is trained to directly predict the posterior of connotative phoneme units of the keywords, followed by a CTC which gives a confidence score of the phoneme sequence as responsive decision-making mechanism. Both the CTC-KWS and Deep-KWS have almost the same number of parameters, and hence equal computational complexity. The CTC-KWS differs from previous proposed Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based keyword spotting~\cite{fernandez2007application}
in that the latter employed a limited number of key-phrases as modeling targets, and bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) with more computing cost.  The CTC-KWS adopts flexible decision-making mechanism, breaks the bottle-neck of being short of keyword-specific data, and supports any personally customized trigger words, which is more convenient in practice. We observe that CTC is good at sequence labeling tasks, which explains why the CTC-KWS produces competitive performance in comparison with the baseline Deep-KWS. Using adaptive training method on some but still limited quantities of key-phrase specific data, we could achieve better performance result in the CTC-KWS.

 \begin{figure*}[t]
    \centering

    \includegraphics[scale = 0.1]{my_arch.pdf}
    \caption{The proposed keyword spotting system, components from left to right are: (i) Feature Extraction, (ii) Deep Neural Network, and (iii) Connectionist Temporal Classifier where black circle indicates blank unit.}
    \label{fig: the proposed KWS system}
 \end{figure*}

The rest of this paper is organized as follows: in Section 2, we describe our proposed keyword spotting system, including how to train and deploy the CTC-KWS model, then the experimental details follow in Section 3, and Section 4 closes with the conclusion and outlook.

\section{Proposed Keyword Spotting System}
\label{sec:format}

Our proposed keyword spotting system is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig: the proposed KWS system}. The system framework consists of three major components: (i) a feature extraction module to process coming speech signal, (ii) a Deep Neural Network to encode acoustic features into more abstract representations, and (iii) on top of the output layer of DNN, a Connectionist Temporal Classifier to produce scores for the implicit phoneme sequence of given keyword. In what follows, we describe these in detail, inclusive of model training and deployment.

\subsection{Feature Extraction and Modeling Units}
\label{ssec:subhead}

The feature extraction is identical to that in LVCSR. We generate 40-dimensional log filter bank energies as acoustic features over a window of 25 milliseconds overlapped every 10 milliseconds. Contiguous frames of features are stacked together to allow for more discriminative information from both left and right context, which are asymmetric for reducing latency, that is, 5 future frames and 10 frames in the past in our experiment. Apply cepstral mean and variance normalization on each dimension of stacked features. To save computing cost, only run our proposed algorithm in voice regions perceived by one voice activity detection system.

All tone phonemes are taken into account as modeling units. Context independent or dependent phonemes are befitting, the latter are of bigger sizes and more generalized to unseen train data, but to reduce computation in the last layer of DNN, we just consider CI phonemes in our experiment where there are 72 Chinese CI phoneme units including one blank unit for CTC. Once keywords are personally customized by users, their corresponding phoneme sequence is determined by lexicon, which is the target label sequence of CTC scoring.

\subsection{Deep Neural Network}
\label{ssec:subhead}

Each frame of acoustic feature vector is fed into a feed-forward fully connected DNN. DNN establishes a function mapping relationship between acoustic features ${\bf x}^{0} \in \Re^{n_{0}}$ and modeling units ${j}$ in the last layer as follows:
 %
 \begin{eqnarray}
     {\bf x}^{i} &=& \sigma({\bf x}^{i-1} {\bf \widehat W}^{i} + {\bf B}^{i}), 1 \leq i \leq N, \label{eq1} \\
     {\bf z} &=& {\bf x}^{N} {\bf \widehat W}^{N + 1} + {\bf B}^{N + 1}, \label{eq2} \\
     y_{j} &=& \frac{\exp({\bf z}_{j})}{\sum_k \exp({\bf z}_{k})}. \label{eq3}
 \end{eqnarray}
 %
Here, the matrix or vector is bold, the subscript indexes associated element, the widehat signifies matrix transpose. ${\bf x}^{i, i > 0} \in \Re^{n_{i}}$ is the output of ${ith}$ hidden layer,  ${\bf W}^{i} \in \Re^{n_{i} \times n_{i - 1}}$, ${\bf B}^{i} \in \Re^{n_{i}}$ are the weight and bias parameters of ${ith}$ layer, $n_{i}$ is the number of nodes of ${ith}$ layer, set ${\theta = \{{\bf W}^{i}, {\bf B}^{i} | 1 \leq i \leq N + 1}\}$, ${N}$ is the total number of hidden layers. $\sigma$ is the element-wise nonlinear operator such as the function of rectified linear unit (ReLU) $\sigma(a) = \max(a, 0)$~\cite{zeiler2013rectified}. The equation (\ref{eq3}) is a softmax, representative of the estimated posterior of label unit ${j}$.

Recent years witness many successful end-to-end applications of LSTM based RNN with CTC in LVCSR~\cite{graves2013speech, miao2015eesen}.
However, our experiment shows that under resource constraints, CTC could also be combined with feed-forward DNN, not limited to RNN. DNN is used here to meet minimum compute and footprint requirement of mobile device, and hence the number of DNN's parameters is modest for reduced complexity, approximately hundreds of nodes in each hidden layer.

\subsection{Connectionist Temporal Classifier}
\label{ssec:subhead}

As its name suggests, CTC was specifically designed for sequence labeling tasks~\cite{graves2006connectionist}.
Unlike the cross entropy criterion where the frame-level alignments between input signal features and label sequences are known, the CTC objective is to automatically learn the alignments. This removes the need for pre-segmenting data (for example, forced alignment), and the lengths of inputs and labels are not necessarily equal. Given the modeling label units are drawn from ${L}$, CTC is on top of the softmax layer of DNN which consists of ${|L|}$ units and an additional blank unit. The introduction of the blank unit relieves the burden of making label predictions since there is no symbol being emitted at a frame when it is uncertain. The output activations of DNN are used to define a probability distribution over all possible lattice paths of length up to that of the input sequence.

Define $y_{j}^{t} (j \in [0, |L|], t \in [0, T))$ as the probability that DNN outputs element ${j}$ at time step ${t}$, given the input sequence $x^{T}$ of frame length ${T}$ and the label sequence ${l^{\leq T}}$, $l_{i} \in L$. A CTC path $\pi = (\pi_{0}, \cdot\cdot\cdot, \pi_{T - 1})$ is a sequence of tokens at the frame level. It differs from ${l}$ in that the CTC path allows repetitions of non-blank labels and occurrences of the blank unit. By removing first the repeated labels and then the blanks, the CTC path ${\pi}$ can be mapped to its corresponding label sequence ${l}$. For example, $\tau($``$aa-b-c$''$) = \tau($``$abb-cc-$''$) = $ ``$abc$'', where the many-to-one mapping function is defined as ${\tau}$, and ``$-$'' indicates the blank. Assumed the output probabilities at each time step to be conditionally independent, the probability of the path ${\pi}$ is
 %
 \begin{equation}
    p(\pi|x; \theta) = \prod_{t = 0}^{T - 1} y_{\pi_{t}}^{t}.
    \label{eq4}
 \end{equation}
 %
 Then the likelihood of ${l}$ can be calculated by summing the probabilities of all the paths mapped onto it by ${\tau}$,
 %
 \begin{equation}
    p(l|x; \theta) = \sideset {} {_{\pi \in \tau^{-1}(l)}} \sum p(\pi|x; \theta).
    \label{eq5}
 \end{equation}
 %
 However, summing over all the CTC paths is computationally intractable. To solve this, A. Graves~\cite{graves2006connectionist}
 proposed a forward-backward dynamic programming algorithm, where all the possible CTC paths are compactly represented as a trellis, like the rightmost illustration of Fig.~\ref{fig: the proposed KWS system}.

 When training, the CTC objective is
 %
 \begin{equation}
    \theta^{*} = argmin_{\theta} \sideset {} {_{(x, l) \in S}} \sum -log(p(l|x; \theta))
    \label{eq6}
 \end{equation}
 %
 using the training data set ${S}$. Coincidentally when decoding, in a short time span (for example, a window in size of 100 frames and overlapped every 25 frames), the spotting engine will make a positive decision once the confidence score, given as $log(p(l|x; \theta^{*}))$, is greater than some predefined threshold, which is tuned on one development data set. Just one tuned hyper-parameter brings great convenience.

\subsection{Model Training and Deployment}
\label{ssec:subhead}

In practice, the DNN and CTC model is trained on GPU servers using Nesterov's acceleration~\cite{DBLP:conf/icml/SutskeverMDH13}
asynchronous stochastic gradient descent method. The network parameters are randomly initialized with a uniform distribution on the range of (-0.02, 0.02), the initial learning rate is 0.008, the momentum is 0.9. Use cross validation on one development data set to half decay the learning rate or determine whether the training is convergent. Currently, some open source deep learning toolkits fully support DNN and CTC model training, for instance, Google's Tensorflow\footnote{https://www.tensorflow.org}, or alternatively Kaldi\footnote{http://kaldi-asr.org} based EESEN\footnote{https://github.com/yajiemiao/eesen} where the CTC part could also be further optimized using Warp-CTC\footnote{https://github.com/baidu-research/warp-ctc}.

To achieve better performance and robust model, the trick of keyword-specific adaptive training is worthy of exploring, that is, further fine tune the aforementioned universal model with smaller learning rate on a certain amount of speech data for specific keywords.

When the keyword spotting system is deployed on power-constrained and small-footprint mobile devices, the engine has a stream mechanism to process coming speech signals batch by batch in size of maximum 32 frames. Using ReLU as nonlinearity speeds up calculation~\cite{lei2013accurate},
about 50\% of neurons activated and forward propagated in each hidden layer. The additive and multiplicative operations could be further accelerated using architecture-dependent vector instructions, e.g., NEON in ARM.

\section{Experimental Details}
\label{sec:format}

In this section, we evaluate the performance of our proposed CTC-KWS system, in comparison with the keyword-specific Deep-KWS~\cite{chen2014small} as baseline.

\subsection{Data}

Considering deployed scenarios, our experiment is conducted with Mandarin Chinese corpus, but our technique is easily extended, not limited to Mandarin. For training the DNN and CTC model, we use the general Mandarin LVCSR corpus, which consists of 2.5K hours of transcribed utterances, about 1.9M ones.
 \begin{figure*}[htb]

    \begin{minipage}[htb]{0.5\textwidth}
        \raggedleft

        \includegraphics[scale = 0.5]{figure_eve.png}
        \caption{The performance of the Deep-KWS vs. CTC-KWS.}
        \label{fig: the_performance_of_two}
    \end{minipage}
    \begin{minipage}[htb]{0.5\textwidth}
        \raggedright

        \includegraphics[scale = 0.5]{figure_opt.png}
        \caption{The optimized performance of adaptive training.}
        \label{fig: the_opt_performance}
    \end{minipage}
 \end{figure*}

In the Deep-KWS system, one keyword-specific corpus is used at training time, which includes roughly 2K examples for each keyword. In ~\cite{chen2014small}, the number of training examples per keyword is around 2.3K, and 40K for ``Ok Google''. Since keyword data is manually acquired for specific spotting tasks, especially at the start point, it is of a limited number and a waste of manpower or economic cost. Quoad hoc, the CTC-KWS is superior over the Deep-KWS. The negative examples are comprised of other short phrases excluding keywords. Table~\ref{tab:number_of_KW_samples} summarize the numbers of samples for training, development and evaluation, which are non-overlapping.

Without loss of generality, we choose 10 key phrases in Chinese: ``a1 tao2 ni3 hao3'', ``an1 na4 ni3 hao3'', ``da3 kai1 zhi1 fu4 bao3'', ``da3 kai1 shou3 tao2'', ``da3 kai1 gao1 de2'', ``da3 kai1 tao2 bao3 shou3 ye4'', ``zhi1 ma2 kai1 men2'', ``zhi1 ma2 xin4 yong4'', ``zhang4 dan1 cha2 xun2'' and ``yu2 e2 cha2 xun2''\footnote{Respectively, they mean ``Hi, Ali TaoBao'', ``Hi, AnNa, who is a chatbot in Alipay'', ``Open Alipay'', ``Open TaoBao'', ``Open navigation assistant GaoDe Map'', ``Go to www.taobao.com'', ``Good luck'', `` Credit score'', ``Check the bill in one's account'' and ``Check the balance in one's account'' in Chinese. Among them, ``Alipay'', ``TaoBao'' and ``GaoDe Map'' are well-known APPs on mobile devices in China.}. They span about 1 to 2 seconds in time.
 \begin{table}[th]
   \caption{The numbers of samples in the experiment}
   \label{tab:number_of_KW_samples}
   \centering
   \begin{tabular}{c c c}
     \hline
     \textbf{Type}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;  &  \textbf{\#Positive per Keyword}  &  \textbf{\#Negative} \\
     \hline
     Training\;\;\;\;\;\;\;	        &      2K	                        &        20K  \\
     Development	                &    0.8K	                        &        10K  \\
     Evaluation\;\;\;	            &    0.8K	                        &        10K  \\
     \hline
   \end{tabular}
 \end{table}

\subsection{Metrical Performance Evaluation}

The experimental results are demonstrated in the form of a modified version of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, where the false reject rate(that is, a key phrase is present but a negative decision is given) is on the vertical axis and the false alarm rate (that is, a key-phrase is not present but a positive decision is made) is on X-axis. Lower curves are better in performance, depending on the tradeoff between the two indices. The ROC is obtained by sweeping through confidence thresholds and averaging the curves vertically over all keywords in test.

The baseline Deep-KWS employs the settings as follows: (i) the front-end signal processing as is described in Section $2.1$ except for 30 left frames and 10 right frames in the context, (ii) one DNN with 3 hidden layers and 128 nodes per hidden layer, (iii) ReLU as the non-linearity, all of which gain better performance in ~\cite{chen2014small}. Figure~\ref{fig: the_performance_of_two} shows the performance of the Deep-KWS versus CTC-KWS of different parameter numbers. It is clear that the proposed CTC-KWS outperforms the baseline, even when it is of the least number of parameters ($N = 3, n_{i, 1 \leq i \leq N} = 128)$. Although the number of phoneme units in the CTC-KWS is greater than that of word units in the Deep-KWS, the size of input context window is opposite, therefore both systems are of nearly the same number of parameters, and hence equivalent computational complexity. When increasing DNN's depths or nodes per hidden layer, the CTC-KWS has superior performance to the baseline. Compared at false alarm rate 1.5\%, as the number of parameters becomes bigger, the performance of the CTC-KWS tends to stability. However, as is reported in~\cite{chen2014small}, the Deep-KWS of the bigger number of parameters performs worse due to lack of enough keyword-related data for model training.

\subsection{The optimized performance of adaptive training}

Figure~\ref{fig: the_opt_performance} presents the optimized performance of adaptive training when using some but still limited amount of data for specific key-phrase, as is described in Section $2.4$. Again, we observe a consistent improvement with respect to their corresponding universal model. The gains are larger at very low false alarm rate such as 1.5\%, which is a desirable operating point for practical deployment. There is no doubt that more specific data would further improve performance regardless of the Deep-KWS or CTC-KWS. But this is beyond our original intention in this paper since we focus on the deficiency of keyword-specific data.

\subsection{The automatical alignment learned by CTC}

As is illustrated in Figure~\ref{fig: the_alignment_learned_by_CTC}, CTC automatically learns the alignment between acoustic features and phonemes or the blank, where on the vertical axis are the output activations of DNN corresponding to the probabilities of observing phonemes or the blank at particular time step. The predicted phonemes take shape of a series of spikes, separated by the blank. There are blank predictions in uncertain acoustic regions. This automatical alignment shows the merit of CTC which is good at sequence labeling.
 \begin{figure}[!htb]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = \linewidth]{spike.png}
    \caption{The automatical alignment learned by CTC.}
    \label{fig: the_alignment_learned_by_CTC}
 \end{figure}

\subsection{Real Time Performance on mobile devices}

 When the CTC-KWS ($N = 4, n_{i, 1 \leq i \leq N} = 256)$ is deployed on mobile devices, The Real Time Factor (RTF) is listed in Table~\ref{tab:rtf}. In ARM A8, use NEON to optimize additive and multiplicative operations. In addition, the model's memory footprint of different complexities varies from 0.5M to 1.5M to meet the diversified demands, the smaller memory footprint, the less computing cost at runtime.
 %
 \begin{table}[th]
   \caption{RTF of the CTC-KWS($4\times256$) on mobile devices}
   \label{tab:rtf}
   \centering
   \begin{tabular}{c c c}
     \hline
     \textbf{Architecture}  &  \textbf{Memory and Frequency}  &  \textbf{RTF} \\
     \hline
     ARM A8	                &    512M, 1G Hz	              &      0.2218         \\
     MIPS\;\;\;\;           &    128M, 1G Hz	              &      0.3\;\;\;\;\;  \\
     \hline
   \end{tabular}
 \end{table}

\section{Conclusion and Outlook}

In this paper, we consider how to utilize the available LVCSR corpus to set up the CTC-KWS system on embedded mobile devices, mainly to solve the lack of keyword-specific data. For supporting any personally customized trigger words, the CTC-KWS is more convenient and more flexible in practical deployment. We observe a larger improvement with respect to the baseline Deep-KWS, but not increasing any computing cost. Using adaptive training method on some keyword-specific data, better performance is achieved for a real need.

Here we use Deep Neural Network in our solution just for meeting minimum requirements of embedded mobile devices, however, slightly relaxing restrictions on this, especially souping up computing, the CTC-KWS is scalable to Recurrent Neural Network or Convolutional Neural Network. That is, DNN, RNN and CNN are consistent in encoding low level of signal features into higher level of distributed representations, and then according to the label posteriors in the softmax layer, CTC gives a confidence score as decision-making mechanism. We will continue to do more research on how to combine CTC with compressed RNN or CNN (like ~\cite{sainath2015convolutional}) in our proposed CTC-KWS framework in the future. In addition, the robustness of the CTC-KWS in the condition of noise or under far-field environment is also worthy of further study.

\bibliographystyle{IEEEbib}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Moviesnew
HomeMovieNight School Full Movie [2018] Watch Online And Download 1080p, HD, 720p
Night School Full Movie [2018] Watch Online And Download 1080p, HD, 720p
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Night School is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Malcolm D. Lee and starring Kevin Hart and Tiffany Haddish. Hart also produces the film alongside Will Packer, as well as co-wrote the script. The story follows a group of adults who set out to earn their GEDs. The film is scheduled to be released in the United States by Universal Pictures on September 28, 2018
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Moviesnew Copyright © 2019.


One Minute English Video #1488 What ability do you wish you had?
What ability do you wish you had?
Hello, my name is Ivan and I am from Peru. My question is what ability do you wish you had?
I wish I had the ability to teleport to anyplace I want. One of my life goals is to travel the world and learn every piece of culture there is. However, to do that I would have to travel a lot, and to have a lot of money as well, but given that I don't have that much money or that much time, it is not possible for me. So, for instance, having the ability to teleport, would allow me to do what I want, which is to travel the world, or just teleport to a place that I want, a place that It think in just a matter of seconds. I would be able to save a lot of time and visit a lot of places, and my dream, I would just fulfill it. So, that's it. That's the ability I wish I had.


Champion Porsche along with Florida ESGR and the Department of Defense in the US have come up with this Champion Porsche 911 Salute To Our Troops special edition in commemoration and celebration of the US troops retuning home.
The obvious yet camouflaged 911 features various upgrades over the production 911, including the army-themed colour scheme which is coated over a bespoke bodykit and menacing black rims.
The Champion kit features 911 GTS-style upgrades such as black Fuchs-style wheels, or optional alloys (pictured above) and a duck tail spoiler. There's also a gapping air intake on the engine cover, or boot lid, as well as body extensions front, side and rear.
"With the upcoming holiday and the return of our US Military from overseas, Champion Porsche has teamed up with the Florida ESGR and Department of Defense to raise awareness and to build support for our returning military personnel.
It looks pretty cool, and bad to the bone don't you think? Certainly something different and not what one would expect. The army colours kind of give it that juxtaposition as an army tool that's also a fairly exotic sportscar.


That familiar twinge of alarm and anger as we discover that our carefully tended garden plants and shrubs have become way too 'popular' with their tiny neighbors. Not to mention that dreaded line of ants marching, army-style, under your front door.
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Diatomaceous Earth tops our list for all natural and amazingly safe insecticide and repellents. You can find it here.


text:
from openerp import models, api, _
from openerp.exceptions import Warning

class BankStatement(models.Model):
    _inherit = 'account.bank.statement'

    @api.multi
    def button_draft(self):
        self.state = 'open'

    @api.multi
    def button_cancel(self):
        return super(BankStatement, self.with_context(bank_statement_cancel=True)).button_cancel()

class BankStatementLine(models.Model):
    _inherit = 'account.bank.statement.line'

    @api.multi
    def cancel(self):
        if not self.env.context.get('bank_statement_cancel'):
            for line in self:
                if line.statement_id.state == 'confirm':
                    raise Warning(_("Please set the bank statement to New before canceling."))
        return super(BankStatementLine, self).cancel()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
International General Discussion (Moderators: Gustaf, afleitch, Hash, Socialist Mod Stands with ProudWhatsHisName)
Tender's megathread on crime in Austria « previous next »
Pages: 1 ... 15 16 17 18 19 [20]
Author Topic: Tender's megathread on crime in Austria (Read 38597 times)
Tender Branson
Mark Warner 08
Re: Tender's megathread on crime in Austria
Quote from: Joe Republic on April 04, 2019, 01:54:17 pm
By all means, keep posting about your laughably provincial little backwater. Watch out, I hear Frau Fetterarsch just had her purse snatched! Pay closer attention, Tender - we need more details!
Sry that I cannot report on some guy shooting down from a hotel and killing 100 people in my thread all the time, so I will continue to stick to my laughably provincial little backwater instead and worry if the purse of Ms. Fatass has been stolen or not and if a foreigner was involved.
Austria's ICE really likes drama:
In Salzburg, an Austrian woman wanted to marry a man from Gambia recently, who she met in Italy 4 years ago.
Austria's deportation officers busted the couple 3 minutes before they started with the marriage and before they signed it.
The man, who was illegally in Austria, has been brought to Vienna for deportation imprisonment. He's a so-called "Dublin case", someone who has filed for asylum already in Italy and then travelled to Austria illegally to stay with his girlfriend. He will be returned to Italy soon (and probably will sneak into Austria again somehow, I'm sure).
https://derstandard.at/2000100944174/Braeutigam-kurz-vor-der-Hochzeit-in-Schubhaft-genommen
https://www.oe24.at/oesterreich/chronik/salzburg/Braeutigam-festgenommen-Braut-flehte-Polizisten-an-Bitte-lasst-uns-doch-heiraten/375109499
Disgusting 16th murder + story in Innsbruck:
https://www.oe24.at/oesterreich/chronik/tirol/Innsbruck-Rachemord-nach-versuchter-Vergewaltigung/375632690
3 Indians (or one or two of them) killed a convicted Pakistani child rapist asylum seeker after he tried to rape one of the Indian women in an apartment.
They killed him by cutting his throat and also cut off an arm (!).
All 3 Indians (2 women, 1 man) were arrested for further investigation.
An Australian (!) newspaper has a good report about anti-Muslim talk and attacks in Austria:
https://www.sbs.com.au/news/muslim-women-in-this-european-country-are-being-attacked-at-an-unprecedented-rate
=> Tender reporting about anti-Muslim crime ! What is happening ?!?
(the article is a bit alarmist though, because there are now ca. 850.000 Muslims living in Austria and the number of anti-Muslim hate crimes that were reported last year was around 500, up from around 200 before the mass-immigration of 2014-16. An increase for sure, but not a huge increase.)
In Vorarlberg, a 43-year old man has stabbed to death his 18-year old son and then killed himself also by stabbing. The mother and younger brother were not at the house during the murder, but in a shelter for abused women. So, probably there was a history of domestic abuse.
LOL:
Austrian prison escapee returns, fed up with life in the sun
A man who says he fled an Austrian prison over a decade ago has turned himself in to police in Salzburg, telling them he was fed up with living in Spain's Canary Islands.
Police said the 64-year-old, carrying two suitcases, went to police at Salzburg's railway station Saturday night and told them he was a fugitive prisoner who had just arrived from Munich Airport.
They said in a statement Monday that he told officers he had spent the past 10 ½ years on Tenerife, a popular vacation island, and wanted to return home because "Tenerife is not as nice as it used to be and he had lived there long enough."
Police verified that he had fled a prison in eastern Austria. He was taken to a Salzburg jail.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/austrian-prison-escapee-returns-fed-up-of-life-in-the-sun/2019/04/22/8be0338c-64f2-11e9-a698-2a8f808c9cfb_story.html
Quote from: Tender Branson on April 22, 2019, 10:45:27 am
A penitent thief turning himself over during the Easter. You guys should nail him to something to make it complete.
A 27-year old Austrian guy named David B. was stabbed to death in front of his 24-year old girlfriend at a park in Vorarlberg, probably by their Albanian dealer.
https://www.oe24.at/oesterreich/chronik/vorarlberg/Mord-in-Vorarlberg-Jagd-auf-Dealer/377867077
Mopolis
MOPolitico
E: -3.03, S: 1.13
15 homicides in three months?! How is this even newsworthy? Turn on the TV anywhere in America; I'll even let you filter out the deaths caused by our ocean of barely regulated guns if you like.
Austria doesn't have Negroes, you see.
Quote from: Tender Branson on April 29, 2019, 11:15:08 pm
The 2018 crime statistics are out and there were 60 cases of (completed) homicide last year, in which 73 people were murdered. Together with attempted murder, there were ca. 200 cases.
That is about twice the number of 2014, which was a record-low year - but still below the 100+ murder cases of the 1980s.
Also, rape cases and knife attacks have reached a new high, with every 2nd rapist being a foreigner. Rapes have doubled, knife attacks tripled since 2008.
In total, the number of reported crimes have dropped below 500.000 cases for the first time since 1999 and the clearance rate has reached a new high.
https://www.bundeskriminalamt.at/501/files/PKS_18_Broschuere.pdf
Omega21
Quote from: Tender Branson on May 04, 2019, 12:09:38 am
Has the current Govt done something to increase sentences and deport more violent foreign offenders?
I know deportations are up, but that encompasses mostly rejected Asylum seekers.
Quote from: Omega21 on May 04, 2019, 02:17:48 pm
Yes to both. They increased some sentences for violent and sexually motivated crimes (rapes, violence against children) and stepped up deportations in general (even though it is often quite difficult, because many countries are not taking back their people. So better not let them into Austria in the first place. Also, the government is trying to send back more imprisoned non-citizens to their home countries, so they can serve their time there instead of crowding our prisons (55% of prisoners in Austria are foreigners).
Lower Austria: A 85-year old man shot and killed his 80-year old wife, then killing himself - with the legally owned gun. The woman was very ill and in need of care recently and a farewell letter was found.
https://kurier.at/chronik/niederoesterreich/familientragoedie-im-mostviertel-mord-und-selbstmord/400483108
A 26-year old Pole has stabbed to death another 24-year old Pole in Vienna yesterday night.
(I have not reported some 5 additional murder cases over the past few weeks, bringing the total to about 25 so far this year.)
Quote from: Tender Branson on June 15, 2019, 06:20:00 am
Polish killfugees are the worst.
« Edited: June 20, 2019, 08:08:51 am by Both Sides™ »
Iraqi arsonist sets fire to multiple gov't buildings in Austria
VIENNA, June 19 (Xinhua) -- An arsonist has set fire to several government buildings in the inner-city area of the Austrian city of Graz on Wednesday morning causing a large-scale police response, though no injuries have been reported as yet.
According to local media reports the perpetrator was a 45-year-old Iraqi, who attempted to set fire to the Graz city hall, a district authority building, a district court and a train station.
(Sorry, but you're not allowed to quote the entire article, no matter how brief)
Ye Olde Europe
I played soccer in Berlin-Neukölln this afternoon, with a Nigerian man and a German woman among others. The Nigerian didn't rape the woman, but he won the match. Afterwards I had spinach cake in some hipster coffee shop and it did in fact taste a bit like spinach.
parochial boy
parochial_boy
Quote from: Ye Olde Europe on June 23, 2019, 12:15:14 pm
Careful, I once mentioned that I sat next to a Somali girl at work and got called an "emotional leftist" as a result
TheDeadFlagBlues
« Edited: June 23, 2019, 02:36:45 pm by Both Sides™ »
(Let's be a little more subtle with trolling Tender)
Just because he didn't do it this time doesn't mean he won't do it sometime later. He should probably be questioned by the authorities to figure out what is going on.


Getting more out of your brain!
Hello dear friends and colleagues, In this edition of my blog we will consider the above two topics. They are not only appropriate to business, but can also be applied with equal relevance and effect in our personal lives….


text:
Billie Eilish breaks Instagram records with Vogue lingerie shoot
Billie Eilish had fans stunned with her most recent shoot (Picture: Vogue)
Billie Eilish has broken Instagram records with her Vogue lingerie shoot and we're a little in awe.
The Bad Guy hitmaker stunned fans with her gorgeous new shoot, as she swapped her usual baggy attire for a corset and lingerie, saying she 'feels more like a woman'.
Clearly fans were obsessed with the new snaps, as Billie has made Instagram history with the shoot.
Six of the 20 most-liked photos of all time are hers, with the 19-year-old followed closely by Kylie Jenner, who holds four spots.
According to NME, the cover photo also broke the record for the quickest photo to reach one million likes on Instagram, reaching the milestone in six minutes.
In simple terms, she's absolutely smashing it as usual.
A post shared by BILLIE EILISH (@billieeilish)
Billie told the publication: 'Somehow, I feel more like a woman,' before adding: 'It's all about what makes you feel good. If you want to get surgery, go get surgery.
'If you want to wear a dress that somebody thinks that you look too big wearing, f**k it – if you feel like you look good, you look good.'
She added on Instagram: 'i love these pictures and i loved doing this shoot. do whatever you want whenever you want. F**k everything else. [sic]'.
https://videos.metro.co.uk/video/met/2021/03/17/5888145261088882708/480x270_MP4_5888145261088882708.mp4
The singer has often played around with her look, previously sporting black and green hair, before switching things up completely and going blonde.
Meanwhile, she's gearing up to release her second album, Happier Than Ever, and we can't wait.
The follow-up to When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? will drop in July.
Taking to Instagram, Billie couldn't hold in her excitement as she wrote: 'MY NEW ALBUM "Happier Than Ever" OUT JULY 30TH!
'this is my favorite thing i've ever created and i am so excited and nervous and EAGER for you to hear it. i can't even tell you. i've never felt so much love for a project than i do for this one. hope you feel what i feel. [sic]'
Billie EilishShowbizUS Showbiz news
Chanel's Punk-Inspired Show Featured Garter Bags, Harnesses & Fishnets
WandaVision star Elizabeth Olsen defends Scarlet Witch's escape before finale post-credits scene cliffhanger