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Google mistake is the root cause of Internet Outage in Japan
A widespread internet disruption occurred in Japan on Friday, Google error it the main cause of the Internet outage that caused the panic in the country.
Google error it the root cause of a widespread Internet outage in Japan that lasted for about an hour on Friday, August 25. The incident was caused by a BGM route hijack that began at 12:22 PM local Japan time and was fixed by 1:01 PM.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. It interconnects the networks of major Internet service providers that announce which IP addresses are available on their networks.
If an ISP provides wrong information on the availability of IP address blocks we are in presence of a BGM route hijack ISPs.
This is what has happened on Friday when Google wrongly advertised that IP blocks belonging to a Japanese ISPs were found on its network.
BGPMon who analyzed the event confirmed that Google hijacked the traffic NTT Communications Corp., a major ISP who also supports two smaller ISPs named OCN and KDDI Corp. NTT has more than 8 million customers, 7.67 million home users, and 480,000 companies.
"Beginning at 2017-08-25 03:23:34, we detected a possible BGP hijack.
Prefix 210.171.224.0/20, Normally announced by AS7527 Japan Internet Exchange Co., Ltd.
Starting at 2017-08-25 03:23:34, a more specific route (210.171.224.0/24) was announced by ASN 15169 (Google Inc.).
This was detected by 17 BGPMon peers." reported BGPMon."
Other ISPs started routing traffic that was destined for Japan to Google's systems, many services online in Japan went down, including the Nintendo networks.
"A widespread internet disruption hit Japan on Friday, blocking access to banking and train reservation services as well as gaming sites.
The disruption was limited to the networks of NTT Communications Corp. and KDDI Corp.
NTT Communications, which runs the OCN internet service, said the problem occurred because an overseas network service provider that OCN uses suddenly switched internet routes." reported the Japan Times.
It was chaos in the country, the Internal Affairs and Communications Ministry promptly started an investigation into the incident.
"Nintendo Co. said on its website that some Switch, Wii U and 3DS clients started complaining about poor connectivity at about 12:25 p.m." continnues the media outlet.
Clients of Resona Bank, Saitama Resona Bank and Kinki Osaka Bank said they had trouble logging in to their accounts, as did customers of online banker Jibun Bank Corp. and Rakuten Securities Inc.
East Japan Railway Co. (JR East) said some users of its Suica mobile payment system complained they weren't able to use the service, which lets them board trains and buy products using their smartphones."
Google confirmed the incident and provided further details on it.
"We set wrong information for the network and, as a result, problems occurred. We modified the information to the correct one within eight minutes. We apologize for causing inconvenience and anxieties," the Google spokesperson told The Asahi Shimbun.
BGPMon published a detailed analysis of the incident, it confirmed that Google hijacked over 135,000 network prefixes, from all over the world, of which over NTT 24,000 prefixes.
"In total we saw over 135,000 prefixes visible via the Google – Verizon path. Widespread outages, particularly in Japan (OCN) were because of the more specifics, causing many networks to reroute traffic toward verizon and Google which likely would have congested that path or perhaps hit some kind of acl, resulting in the outages. Many BGPmon users would have seen an alert similar like the one below, informing them new prefixes were being originated and visible global." concluded BGPMon.
According to the BGPMon engineer Andree Toonk it's easy to make configuration mistakes that can lead incidents like this.
"In this case it appears a configuration error or software problem in Google's network led to inadvertently announcing thousands of prefixes to Verizon, who in turn propagated the leak to many of its peers," said Toonk.
"Since it is easy to make configurations errors, it clearly is a necessity to have filters on both sides of an EBGP session. In this case it appears Verizon had little or no filters, and accepted most if not all BGP announcements from Google which lead to widespread service disruptions," Toonk added. "At the minimum Verizon should probably have a maximum-prefix limit on their side and perhaps some as-path filters which would have prevented the wide spread impact."
(Security Affairs – Japan outage, Google hacking)
BGPGoogle HackingHijackingJapan outage
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BGP hijacking – Traffic for Google, Apple, Facebook, Microsoft and other tech giants routed through Russia
December 18, 2017 By Pierluigi Paganini
Zimperium Researcher Adam Donenfeld released an iOS Kernel Exploit PoC that can be used to gain full control of iOS mobile...


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Ken Haddad, Digital Special Projects
Derick Hutchinson, Senior Web Producer
Published: June 1, 2021, 11:34 AM
Tags: Michigan, Michigan Restaurants, Michigan Coronavirus, Reopening Michigan, Coronavirus, COVID-19, COVID Michigan, Good Health, Gretchen Whitmer, MDHHS, Restaurants
Later last call: Curfew on Michigan restaurants, bars lifted today
Restaurants, bars had 11 p.m. curfew
A restaurant. (Pexels)
LANSING, Mich. – The curfew on Michigan restaurants and bars will be lifted today, the first step of the state's new plan for fully reopening.
Gov. Gretchen Whitmer's office outlined a new version of the "MI Vacc To Normal" plan in May, which included the end of the curfew requirement for restaurants and bars, starting June 1.
Previously, all bars and restaurants were required to stop offering indoor dining by 11 p.m. The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services initially implemented a 10 p.m. curfew in November.
Additionally, restaurants don't have to limit individual table capacity, which was at a maximum of 6 people per table.
More: Michigan lifts more COVID restrictions today: What's changing
"So June 1, and then July 1 -- those are the two steps," Whitmer said. "We've collapsed the Vacc To Normal (plan) because it became very clear that it was important for us to give people sure dates and confidence that we can be safe doing this. So that's why we've reconfigured the plan."
Michigan's change of course came as the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention overhauled its recommendations for mask wearing among fully vaccinated residents. The state has also seen steady improvement from its COVID-19 metrics and daily case reveals.
READ: Whitmer outlines new schedule for lifting COVID rules
Ken Haddad
Ken Haddad is the digital special projects manager for WDIV / ClickOnDetroit.com. He also authors the Morning Report Newsletter and various other newsletters. He's been with WDIV since 2013.
Derick Hutchinson
Derick is a Senior Web Producer for ClickOnDetroit and has been with Local 4 News since April 2013. Derick specializes in breaking news, crime and local sports.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Today's energy system is ripe for disruption. Whoever designs the next generation of energy systems will own the platforms that will enable tomorrow's products and lock in the emerging consumer base from the developing world.
This disruption will be as great as the shift from whale oil to rock oil, altering the energy landscape permanently. The line between producers, distributers, and consumers of energy will blur. Billions of people will have access to affordable power for the first time. The development path of humanity will change.
The choice of how to prepare for this transition will decide the fate of utilities, power producers, petroleum producers and processers, and large energy consumers. Will they follow the path of last century's forward-thinking oil barons or the whaling captains dragged down by a commitment to stranded assets?
Today's shift mimics the energy transition to rock oil, occurring because of a perfect storm of new technology and new needs. The development of the kerosene lamp enabled the shift away from burning animal fats, just as today's renewable energies provide an option for low-cost cleaner power. But it took the additional technology advances in oil drilling to make the use of rock oil widely available, and cheap. Today, that catalyst technology is next-generation batteries—intelligent batteries that have improved power, energy density, and lifespans—integrated with software.
Intelligent batteries hold the key to integrating renewables on the supply side and optimizing usage on the demand side. This will fundamentally change the consumption of resources on personal and macroscopic levels. Energy storage will seamlessly integrate into the grid, homes, vehicles, and mobile electronics because of new advancements in sensors, software, cell design, and data handling. These advancements will enable the monitoring and predicting of users' behavior, market energy prices, and the surrounding environment—including weather and expected local demand.
Businesses, municipalities, and homeowners will optimize their costs by cycling fluidly through the use of a mix of locally and centrally generated and stored energy. One can imagine a home or business energy storage system that is controlled by algorithms to predict the likely energy demands for the building based on weather and occupancy information, plus auxiliary energy uses such as electric vehicles that may require fast charging. Combining these demand projections with expectations about production from a local solar array and projections of grid energy prices will enable decisions to optimize energy storage system use. The consumer system could also communicate its availability to utilities to participate in ancillary services markets, if that would be the highest value use.
Utilities risk being sidelined as a combination of regulatory price caps and renewable subsidies enable wealthy and middle-class customers to detach from the grid to use solar and wind power for more and more of their needs. But utilities and large power end users can embrace the shift to renewables and help shape the grid of tomorrow by coming together to design, build, deploy, and own the future energy system. They can create the generation, transmission, distribution, energy storage, and end-use technology infrastructure capable of integrating high levels of renewables onto the grid.
The connection of energy storage systems to sensors, grid-level data, and control algorithms will provide end users with reliability. It also will provide utilities with a system that better optimizes peaker plant lifetimes and utilization. Users will be able to squeeze every ounce of value out of systems by combining predictive modeling of grid use, weather conditions, and battery degradation with real-time input of costs, solar and wind farm output, and energy application usage.
The challenge for utilities and large power end users comes in deciding what system to build. Because of the integrated nature of the energy system of the future, pivoting on infrastructure once it takes hold will be difficult and expensive. Those who embrace the transition early and who can discern the optimal set of options for each application and the optimal combination of technologies will win. They will draw the most value from storage technologies and associated systems.
Many technology options exist for each system component—sensors, software, chemistry, and hardware. Battery chemistries are particularly difficult to value because new claims about energy density, power, lifetime, cost, and safety arise nearly every week. Finding technologies that will maximize value requires understanding component interactions.
The risk of choosing sub-optimal technology can be lessened by a deeper partnership between private industry and public research institutions. The public sector has more than two decades of experience working at the leading edge of energy storage research with technical experts around the globe. Public research laboratories provide access to multidisciplinary research teams and the best energy storage research and development tools. Private industry has the infrastructure and business know-how to integrate and commercialize innovations in the energy sector.
— David Schroeder is deputy director, Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (http://access.anl.gov) and associate professor in the Department of Technology at Northern Illinois University.


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1963 : Malcolm X Gives Speech at Michigan State University
Malcolm X speaks at Erickson Kiva on January 23, 1963, on the MSU campus, to students and faculty about race problems and the Black Muslim religion and its ideas. The speech is followed by answers to questions from the audience. A recording available in the MSU Library Vincent Voice Library.
The MSU Vincent Voice Library also has a June 22, 1963 recording of Malcolm X speaking at a Michigan State University press conference about the race problem, aims of Black Muslims, the Meredith case and Mississippi followed by various takes of the interview for an MSU film.
Malcolm X was one of the most influential and most polarizing figures of the civil rights era.
Beginning in the late 1950s, Malcolm became the public face of the Nation of Islam, fluently articulating the rage many blacks felt toward the unjust system in which they lived, preaching racial separation where others sought integration, self-defense where others advocated nonviolence.
But Malcolm broke with the Nation of Islam in 1964, and, after a trip to the Muslim holy city of Mecca later that year, began to believe that racial divisions could be overcome. He was assassinated on Feb. 21, 1965.
During his childhood, Malcolm X, aka Malcolm Little, also lived in Lansing and Mason, Michigan. Not that Lansing was particularly good to the young Malcolm Little.
It was here, in 1929 when Malcolm was 4 years old, that the home his family had purchased in a whites-only subdivision northwest of the city was burned to the ground.
His father was run over by a streetcar two years later, and Malcolm would grow up with rumors that his father had been murdered by a local white supremacist group called the Black Legion.
By the time he was 13, Malcolm's mother had been sent to the State Mental Hospital in Kalamazoo, and he and his brothers and sisters parceled out to foster homes.
Later in his life he returned for a short time at the end of World War II, making mattresses at Capital Bedding, sweeping floors at the Reo Motor Car Co., and working as a waiter at Coral Gables.
He also married his wife Betty X before a Justice of the Peace in Lansing on January 14, 1958.
Today there is one public marker of Malcolm's presence here, at the corner of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and Vincent Court, the site of one of his childhood homes. And there is also an unofficial marker, the El-Hajj Malik El Shabazz Academy uses his Muslim name as its own name.
Source : "Malcolm X: What is his Lansing legacy?", Lansing State Journal, February 7, 2012.
[Collected speeches of Malcolm X] MSU Libraries Vincent Voice Library VVL-01-0021 : Malcolm X speaks at Michigan State University in three of these five recordings. Recordings also include Malcolm X speaking in Detroit after his split with Elijah Muhammed, and Malcolm X explaining his opposition to non-violence.
Malcolm X at Michigan State University, January 23, 1964 via YouTube.


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Lose a Million
5 Key moments
Voiceover: Honor Blackman
Action Time for Carlton (shown on ITV), 22 September to 1 December 1993 (13 episodes in 1 series)
The only game show where you won by getting the questions wrong, three contestants were invited to attempt to lose a (fictional) £1million in prizes in order to win £5,000. The set was themed to be a luxurious ocean liner in the 1920s Art Deco mould, but the effect wasn't terribly convincing.
No idea what the doll is all about...
The only catch to the first and third rounds was that you couldn't just say anything, you couldn't answer 'sausages' to a question with 'John Lennon' as the answer.
In round two, contestants had to answer ten questions correctly but in the wrong order - giving the correct answer to the question before. Example:
Tarrant: What is your name?
Contestant: (says nothing)
Tarrant: Which ageing celebrity is said to collect toads and has random orgies with jellyfish?
Contestant: (says their name)
...and so on. Correct responses meant you were given the chance to lose or give one of your prizes to another player. Four of these would be worth a lot of money, but one would be a trick and worth about 10p. Examples included a drawing drawn by the producer's son, but made to look good in the photograph.
At the end of round three, the person with the least amount of money went through to the final (pictured).
The end game board
There were six celebrities, five of which were wrong and one correct, relating to a statement read by the ever-jovial Chris Tarrant. If the player could eliminate the five wrong answers, by placing £200,000 of pretend money on a little truck thing which ran down the table and (hopefully) exploding, they'd win £5000. Super.
Any question from the second round which inevitably had "Chris Tarrant" as the correct response.
Devised by Andrew O'Connor, Toby Freeman and Stephen Leahy.
Composed by the ubiquitous Simon Etchell.
Ironically, Chris Tarrant went on to present Who Wants to be a Millionaire, a show all about winning (not losing) a million quid. Not only was the principle the exact opposite, but the ratings were too. WWTBAM was commissioned for a further EIGHT series on the strength of 20+ million viewers during series 1.
Bizarrely, this show was deemed iconic enough to be worthy of a clip turning up in ace Brit comedy thriller Shallow Grave. Some sort of ironic comment on the main plot, perhaps... or maybe Danny Boyle just really liked the show. After all, he did go on to make the heavily WWTBAM-inspired Slumdog Millionaire.
Publicity photo of Chris Tarrant getting arrested - but aren't those traffic police?
Publicity photo for Lose a Million.
Part 1 of an episode from the show.
Retrieved from "http://ukgameshows.com/ukgs/Lose_a_Million"
Categories: Family Game | Flops | Action Time Productions | Carlton Productions


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Economics A-Z terms beginning with S
Satisficing
Say's law
Schumpeter, Joseph
Search costs
Second-best theory
Seignorage
Shadow price
Shareholder value
Short-termism
Simple interest
Social benefits/costs
Social market
Soft currency
Soft dollars
Sovereign risk
Speculative motive
Spot price
Stabilisation
Stability and Growth Pact
Stagnation
Standard error
Statistical significance
Sterilised intervention
Sticky prices
Stochastic process
Stress-testing
Structural unemployment
Substitute goods
Substitution effect
Sunk costs
Supply curve
Supply-side policies
Systematic risk
Systemic risk
Protection from the rough seas of REGULATION. Laws and regulations often include a safe harbour clause that sets out the circumstances in which otherwise regulated FIRMS or individuals can do something without regulatory oversight or interference.
Settling for what is good enough, rather than the best that is possible. This may occur in any situation in which decision makers are trying to pursue more than one goal at a time. CLASSICAL ECONOMICS and NEO-CLASSICAL ECONOMICS assume that individuals, FIRMS and GOVERNMENTS try to achieve the OPTIMUM, best possible outcome from their decisions. Satisficing assumes they decide for each goal a level of achievement that would be good enough and try to find a way to achieve all of these sub-optimal goals at once. This approach to decision making is commonplace in behavioural economics. It can be regarded as a realist's theory of how decisions are taken. The concept was invented by Herbert Simon (1916-2001), a Nobel prize-winning economist, in his book, Models of Man, in 1957.
Any INCOME that is not spent. Ultimately, savings are the source of INVESTMENT in an economy, although domestic savings may be supplemented by CAPITAL from foreign savers or themselves be invested abroad.
In an economic sense, savings include purchases of SHARES or other financial SECURITIES. However, many official measures of a country's savings ratio--total savings expressed as a percentage of total income--leave out such financial transactions. At times when the demand for financial securities is unusually high, this can give a misleading impression of how much saving is taking place.
How much individuals save varies significantly among different age groups (see LIFE-CYCLE HYPOTHESIS) and nationalities. Everywhere, people of all ages save more as their income rises. The supply of savings rises when INTEREST rates rise; a rise in interest rates causes DEMAND for funds to invest to fall; a rise in demand for investment funds may cause interest rates, and thus the COST OF CAPITAL, to rise. The level of savings is also influenced by changes in wealth (see WEALTH EFFECT) and by TAXATION policies.
SUPPLY creates its own DEMAND. So argued a French economist, Jean-Baptiste Say (1767-1832), and many classical and neo-classical economists since. KEYNES argued against Say, making the case for the use of FISCAL POLICY to boost demand if there is not enough of it to produce FULL EMPLOYMENT.
The ease with which the SUPPLY of an economic product or process can be expanded to meet increased DEMAND. Recent technological advances have led some economists to talk about the growing importance of instant scalability. For example, once a piece of software has been written it can be made available in an instant over the Internet to unlimited numbers of users for almost no cost. This potentially allows a new product to enter and win market share far more quickly than ever before, intensifying COMPETITION and perhaps accelerating the process of creative destruction (see SCHUMPETER).
Supplies of the FACTORS OF PRODUCTION are not unlimited. This is why choices have to be made about how best to use them, which is where ECONOMICS comes in. MARKET FORCES operating through the PRICE MECHANISM usually offer the most efficient way to allocate scarce resources, with GOVERNMENT planning playing at most a minor role. Scarcity does not imply POVERTY. In economic terms, it means simply that needs and wants exceed the resources available to meet them, which is as common in rich countries as in poor ones.
Testing your plans against various possible scenarios to see what might happen should things not go as you hope. Scenario analysis is an important technique in RISK MANAGEMENT, helping FIRMS and especially financial institutions to ensure that they do not take on too much RISK. Its usefulness does of course depend on risk managers coming up with the right scenarios.
After growing up in the Austro-Hungarian empire, in which he worked as an itinerant lawyer, Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) became an academic in 1909. He was appointed Austrian minister of finance in 19
19, presiding over a period of HYPER-INFLATION. He then became president of a small Viennese BANK, which collapsed. He returned to academia in Bonn in 1925 and in the 1930s joined the faculty of Harvard.
In 1911, while teaching at Czernowitz (now in Ukraine), he wrote the Theory of Economic Development. In this he set out his theory of entrepreneurship, in which GROWTH occurred, usually in spurts, because COMPETITION and declining PROFIT inspired ENTREPRENEURS to innovate. This developed into a theory of the trade cycle (see BUSINESS CYCLE), and into a notion of dynamic competition characterised by his phrase 'creative destruction'. In CAPITALISM, he argued, there is a tendency for FIRMS to acquire a degree of MONOPOLY power. At this point, competition no longer takes place through the PRICE MECHANISM but instead through INNOVATION. Perhaps because monopolies often become lazy, successful innovation may come from new entrants to a market, who take it away from the incumbent, thus blowing 'gales of creative destruction' through the economy. Eventually, the new entrants grow fat on their monopoly profits, until the next gale of creative destruction blows them away.
Ever controversial, and often wrong, in his 1942 book, CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY, he predicted the downfall of capitalism at the hands of an intellectual elite. He is associated with both AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS and, arguably as founding father, EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS.
Short for special drawing rights. Created in 1967, the SDR is the IMF's own currency. Its value is based on a portfolio of widely used currencies.
The cost of finding what you want. The economic cost of buying something is not simply the PRICE you pay. Finding what you want and ensuring that it is competitively priced can be expensive, be it the financial cost of physically getting to a marketplace or the OPPORTUNITY COST of time spent fact-finding. Search costs mean that people often take decisions without all the relevant INFORMATION, which can result in inefficiency. Technological changes such as the internet may sharply reduce search costs, and thus lead to more efficient decision making.
There are seasonal patterns in many economic activities; for instance, there is less construction in winter than in summer, and spending in shops soars as Christmas approaches. To reveal underlying trends, statistics reflecting only part of the year are often adjusted to iron out seasonal variations.
As we do not live in a perfect world, how useful are economic theories based on the assumption that we do? Second-best theory, set out in 1956 by Richard Lipsey and Kelvin Lancaster (1924-99), looks at what happens when the assumptions of an economic model are not fully met. They found that in situations where not all the conditions are met, the second-best situation - that is, meeting as many of the other conditions as possible - may not result in the OPTIMUM solution. Indeed, reckoned Lipsey and Lancaster, in general, when one optimal equilibrium condition is not satisfied all of the other equilibrium conditions will change.
Potentially, the second-best equilibrium may be worse than a new equilibrium brought about by GOVERNMENT intervention, either to restore equilibrium to the market that is in DISEQUILIBRIUM, or to move the other markets away from their second-best conditions.
Economists have seized on this insight to justify all sorts of interventions in the economy, ranging from taxing certain goods and subsidising others to restricting FREE TRADE. Whenever there is MARKET FAILURE, second-best theory says it is always possible to design a government policy that would increase economic WELFARE. Alas, the history of government intervention suggests that although the second best may be improved on in theory, in practice second best is often least worst.
A market in second-hand FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. BONDS and SHARES are first sold in the primary market, for instance, through an initial public offering. After that, their new owners often sell them in the secondary market. The existence of liquid secondary markets can encourage people to buy in the primary market, as they know they are likely to be able to sell easily should they wish.
Financial contracts, such as BONDS, SHARES or DERIVATIVES, that grant the owner a stake in an ASSET. Such securities account for most of what is traded in the FINANCIAL MARKETS.
Turning a future cashflow into tradable, BOND-like SECURITIES. Creating such ASSET-backed securities became a lucrative business for financial FIRMS during the 1990s, as they invented new securities based on cashflow ranging from future mortgage and credit-card payments to BANK loans, movie revenue and even the royalties on songs by David Bowie (so-called Bowie-bonds). Securitisation has many benefits, at least intheory. Issuers gain instant access to MONEY for which they would otherwise have to wait months or years, and they can shed some of the RISK that their expected revenue will not materialise. By selling securitised loans, investment banks are able to finance their customers without tying up large amounts of CAPITAL. Investors can hold a new sort of asset, less risky than unsecured bonds, giving them the risk-reducing benefit of DIVERSIFICATION. But there are dangers. The future cashflow underlying the securities may flow earlier or later than promised, or not at all.
Traditionally, the PROFIT rulers made from allowing metals to be turned into coins. Now it refers in a loosely defined way to the power of a country whose notes and coins are held by another country as a RESERVE CURRENCY.
A market in which the seller seems to have the upper hand and so can charge a higher PRICE than in a BUYER'S MARKET.
The order in which CREDITORS are entitled to be repaid. In the event of a BANKRUPTCY, senior DEBT must be paid off before junior debt. Because junior debt has a lower chance of being repaid than senior debt, it carries more RISK, and thus typically pays a higher YIELD.
Shorthand for implementing economic reforms in the right order. In recent years, this has become a hot topic in development economics. Some economists argue that introducing the right policies alone is not enough to revive a malfunctioning economy; reforms must be implemented in the right sequence. Thus they debate when in the reform process there should be, say, privatisation of state enterprises, and in which order, or the lifting of capital controls or other trade barriers. Other economists dispute whether there is a right sequence.
Products of economic activity that you can't drop on your foot, ranging from hairdressing to websites. In most countries, the share of economic activity accounted for by services rose steadily during the 20th century at the expense of AGRICULTURE and MANUFACTURING. More than two-thirds of OUTPUT in OECD countries, and up to four-fifths of employment, is now in the services sector.
The true economic PRICE of an activity: the OPPORTUNITY COST. Shadow prices can be calculated for those goods and SERVICES that do not have a market price, perhaps because they are set by GOVERNMENT. Shadow pricing is often used in COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, where the whole purpose of the analysis is to capture all the variables involved in a decision, not merely those for which market prices exist.
Putting shareholders first; the notion that all business activity should aim to maximise the total value of a company's SHARES. Some critics argue that concentrating on shareholder value will be harmful to a company's other STAKEHOLDERS, such as employees, suppliers and customers.
Financial SECURITIES, each granting part ownership of a company. In return for risking their CAPITAL by giving it to the company's management to develop the business, shareholders get the right to a slice of whatever is left of the firm's revenue after it has met all its other obligations. This money is paid as a DIVIDEND, although most companies retain some of their residual revenue for INVESTMENT purposes. Shareholders have voting rights, including the right to vote in the election of the company's board of directors. Shares are also known as equities. They can be traded in the public FINANCIAL MARKETS or held as PRIVATE EQUITY.
A rough guide to whether the rewards from an INVESTMENT justify the RISK, invented by Bill Sharpe, a winner of the NOBEL PRIZE FOR ECONOMICS and co-creator of the CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL. You simply divide the past RETURN on the investment (less the RISK-FREE RATE) by its STANDARD DEVIATION, the simplest measure of risk. The higher the Sharpe ratio is the better, that is, the greater is the return per unit of risk. However, as it is a backward-looking measure, based on what an investment has done in the past, the Sharpe ratio does not guarantee similar performance in future.
An unexpected event that affects an economy (see ASYMMETRIC SHOCK).
Doing things that make you better off in the short-run but worse off in the end. After the bursting of the stockmarket bubble and the failure of Enron at the start of the 2000s, much like during the 1980s, accusations of short-termism were often made against the stockmarket-focused CAPITALISM of the United States and the UK. During the bubble, it was claimed, investors had become too focused on short-term profits and changes in share prices, and failed to probe deeply enough into long-term performance. As a result, managers did things that made their profits look as good as possible in the short run, often to the detriment of their company's long-term health. Indeed, many firms engaged in misleading and even fraudulent accounting practices to inflate short-term profits. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the complaint took a slightly different form, and was arguably less convincing, namely that short-termism caused lower levels of INVESTMENT by businesses than in countries where the stockmarket was less important, such as Germany and Japan.
Selling a SECURITY, such as a SHARE, that you do not currently own, in the expectation that its PRICE will fall by the time the security has to be delivered to its new owner. If the price does fall, you can buy the security at the lower price, deliver it to whoever you sold it to and make a PROFIT. The RISK is that the price rises, leaving you with a loss.
A solution to one of the biggest sources of MARKET FAILURE: ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION. Often the biggest problem facing sellers is how to convince buyers that what they are selling is as good as they say it is. This problem arises in situations where the qualities of the thing being sold cannot be observed easily by buyers, who thus fear that sellers may be conning them. In such situations, an answer may be for sellers to do something that shows they mean what they say about quality. This something is what economists call signalling.
Going to a leading university might be worth far more for what it signals to prospective employers about your abilities than for what you learn as a student. Likewise, the fact that a firm is willing to spend a lot of MONEY ADVERTISING its product may say far more about what it thinks of the product than any information included in the actual ad. To be useful, signals must impose more costs on those who use them to send false messages than any gains to be had from lying.
INTEREST calculated only on the initial amount borrowed or invested. Contrast with COMPOUND INTEREST.
The founder of ECONOMICS as we know it. Born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Adam Smith (1723-90) was educated at Glasgow and Oxford, and in 1751 became professor of logic at Glasgow University. Eight years later he made his name by publishing the THEORY OF MORAL SENTIMENTS. His 1776 book, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, is the bible of CLASSICAL ECONOMICS. He emphasised the role of specialisation (the DIVISION OF LABOUR), TECHNICAL PROGRESS and CAPITAL INVESTMENT as the main engines of economic GROWTH. Above all, he stressed the importance of the INVISIBLE HAND, the way in which self-interest pursued in free markets leads to the most efficient use of economic resources and makes everybody better off in the process.
The overall impact of an economic activity on the WELFARE of society. Social benefits/costs are the sum of private benefits/costs arising from the activity and any EXTERNALITIES.
The amount of community spirit or trust that an economy has gluing it together. The more social capital there is, the more productive the economy will be. Yet, curiously, one of the best-known books to address the role of social capital, "Bowling Alone", by Robert Putnam of Harvard University, pointed out that Americans were far less likely to be members of community organisations, clubs or associations in the 1990s than they were in the 1950s. He illustrated his thesis by charting the decline of bowling leagues. Yet the American economy has gone from strength to strength. This has led some economists to question whether social capital is really as important as the theory suggests, and others to argue that membership of bowling leagues and other community organisations is simply not a good indicator of the amount of social capital in a country.
The name given to the economic arrangements devised in Germany after the second world war. This blended market CAPITALISM, strong LABOUR protection and union influence, and a generous WELFARE state. The phrase has also been used to describe attempts to make capitalism more caring, and to the use of market mechanisms to increase the EFFICIENCY of the social functions of the state, such as the education system or prisons. More broadly, it refers to the study of the different social institutions underpinning every market economy.
The exact meaning of socialism is much debated, but in theory it includes some collective ownership of the means of production and a strong emphasis on equality, of some sort.
A currency that is expected to drop in value relative to other currencies.
The value of research services that brokerage companies provide "free" to INVESTMENT managers in exchange for the investment managers' business. Economists disagree on whether or not such hidden payments are economically inefficient.
A loan provided at below the market INTEREST RATE. Soft loans are used by international agencies to encourage economic activity in DEVELOPING COUNTRIES and to support non-commercial activities.
The RISK that a GOVERNMENT will default on its DEBT or on a loan guaranteed by it.
An attitude to INVESTMENT that is often criticised. According to critics, speculation involves buying or selling a financial ASSET with the aim of making a quick PROFIT. This is contrasted with long-term investment, in which an asset is retained despite short-term fluctuations in its value. Speculators actually play a valuable role in FINANCIAL MARKETS as their appetite for frequent buying and selling provides LIQUIDITY to the markets. This benefits longer-term investors, too, as it enables them to get a good PRICE when they do eventually sell.
See PRECAUTIONARY MOTIVE.
The PRICE quoted for a transaction that is to be made on the spot, that is, paid for now for delivery now. Contrast spot markets with FORWARD CONTRACTS and futures markets, where payment and/or delivery will be made at some future date. Also contrast with long-term contracts, in which a price is agreed for repeated transactions over an extended time period and which may not involve immediate payment in full.
The difference between one item and another. A much used term in FINANCIAL MARKETS. Examples are the differences between:
the bid (what a dealer will pay) and ask or offer (what a dealer will sell for) PRICE of a share or other SECURITY;
the price an underwriter pays for an issue of BONDS from a company and the price the underwriter charges the public;
the YIELD on two different bonds.
GOVERNMENT policies intended to smooth the economic cycle, expanding DEMAND when UNEMPLOYMENT is high and reducing it when INFLATION threatens to increase. Doing this by FINE TUNING has mostly proved harder than KEYNESIAN policymakers expected, and it has become unfashionable. However, the use of automatic stabilisers remains widespread. For instance, social handouts from the state usually increase during tough times, and taxes increase (FISCAL DRAG), boosting government revenue, when the economy is growing.
Budgetary rules agreed to by Euro Zone countries as a condition of joining the euro. The pact stipulates that all the countries will run a balanced budget in normal times. A government that runs a fiscal deficit bigger than 3% of GDP must take swift corrective action. And if any country breaches the 3% limit for more than three years in a row, it becomes liable to fines of billions of euros. The pact was supposed to be a powerful political symbol that euro-using countries would not cheat each other. However, Portugal became the first country to break the deficit limit by notching up 4.1% in 2001. When, in 2002, France and Germany also exceeded the 3% limit, some EU members were outraged and others lobbied for the pact to be modified or even scrapped.
Term coined in the 1970s for the twin economic problems of STAGNATION and rising INFLATION. Until then, these two economic blights had not appeared simultaneously. Indeed, policymakers believed the message of the PHILLIPS CURVE: that UNEMPLOYMENT and inflation were alternatives.
A prolonged RECESSION, but not as severe as a DEPRESSION.
All the parties that have an interest, financial or otherwise, in a company, including shareholders, CREDITORS, bondholders, employees, customers, management, the community and GOVERNMENT. How these different interests should be catered for, and what to do when they conflict, is much debated. In particular, there is growing disagreement between those who argue that companies should be run primarily in the interests of their shareholders, in order to maximise shareholder value, and those who argue that the wishes of shareholders should sometimes be traded off against those of other stakeholders.
A measure of how far a variable moves over time away from its AVERAGE (mean) value.
A measure of the possible error in a statistical estimate.
There are lies, damned lies and statistics, said Benjamin Disraeli, a British prime minister. Certainly, even if the result of number crunching is statistically significant, it does not actually mean it is true. But it does mean it is much more likely to be true than false. Statistical significance means that the PROBABILITY of getting that result by chance is low. The most commonly used measure of statistical significance is that there must be a 95% chance that the result is right and only a 1 in 20 chance of the result occurring randomly.
When a GOVERNMENT or CENTRAL BANK buys or sells some of its RESERVES of foreign currency this can affect the country's MONEY SUPPLY. Selling reserves decreases the supply of the domestic currency; buying reserves increases the domestic money supply. Governments or central banks can sterilise (that is, cancel out) this effect of foreign exchange intervention on the money supply by buying or selling an equivalent amount of SECURITIES. For example, if the GOVERNMENT increases reserves by buying foreign currency the domestic money supply will increase, unless it sells securities such as TREASURY BILLS to mop up the extra DEMAND.
Petrol-pump PRICES do not change every time the oil price changes, and holiday prices and standard hotel rates are fixed for months. Sticky prices are slow to change in response to changes in SUPPLY or DEMAND. As a result there is, at least temporarily, DISEQUILIBRIUM in the market. The causes of stickiness include MENU COSTS, inadequate information, consumers' dislike of frequent price changes and long-term contracts with fixed prices. Prices change only when the cost of leaving them unchanged exceeds the expense of adjusting them. In FINANCIAL MARKETS, prices move all the time because the cost of quoting the wrong price can be huge. In other industries, the penalty may be much less severe. Small disequilibria in, say, the pricing of hotel rooms will not make much difference. So hotel prices are often sticky.
A process that exhibits random behaviour. For instance, Brownian motion, which is often used to describe changes in SHARE prices in an EFFICIENT MARKET (the RANDOM WALK), is a stochastic process.
Another term for SHARES. What are called ordinary shares in the UK are known as common stock in the United States. It is also another word for inventories of goods held by a firm to meet future DEMAND.
A process for exploring how a portfolio of ASSETS and/or liabilities would fare in extreme adverse conditions. A useful tool in RISK MANAGEMENT.
A programme of policies designed to change the structure of an economy. Usually, the term refers to adjustment towards a market economy, under a programme approved by the IMF and/or WORLD BANK, which often supply structural adjustment funds to ease the pain of transition. Such policies are much criticised in the developing world, sometimes with good reason.
The hardest sort of UNEMPLOYMENT to cure because it is caused by the structure of an economy rather than by changes in the economic cycle. Contrast with cyclical unemployment, which can, in theory if not always in practice, be cut without sparking INFLATION by stimulating faster economic GROWTH. Structural unemployment can be reduced only by changing the economic structures causing it, for instance, by removing rules that limit LABOUR MARKET FLEXIBILITY.
MONEY paid, usually by GOVERNMENT, to keep PRICES below what they would be in a free market, or to keep alive businesses that would otherwise go bust, or to make activities happen that otherwise would not take place. Subsidies can be a form of PROTECTIONISM by making domestic goods and SERVICES artificially competitive against IMPORTS. By distorting markets, they can impose large economic costs.
Goods for which an increase (or fall) in DEMAND for one leads to a fall (or increase) in demand for the other – Coca-Cola and Pepsi, perhaps.
When the PRICE of petrol falls people buy more of it. There are two reasons.
The INCOME EFFECT: cheaper petrol means that real purchasing power rises, so consumers have more to spend on everything, including petrol.
The substitution effect: petrol has become cheaper relative to everything else, so people switch some of their CONSUMPTION out of goods that are now relatively more expensive and buy more petrol instead.
When what is done cannot be undone. Sunk costs are costs that have been incurred and cannot be reversed, for example, spending on ADVERTISING or researching a product idea. They can be a barrier to entry. If potential entrants would have to incur similar costs, which would not be recoverable if the entry failed, they may be scared off.
One of the two words economists use most, along with DEMAND. These are the twin driving forces of the market economy. Supply is the amount of a good or service available at any particular PRICE. The law of supply is that, other things remaining the same, the quantity supplied will increase as the price increases. The actual amount supplied will be determined, ultimately, by what the market price is, which depends on the amount demanded as well as what suppliers are willing to produce. What suppliers are willing to supply depends on several things:
the cost of the FACTORS OF PRODUCTION;
technology;
the price of other goods and SERVICES (which, if high enough, might tempt the supplier to switch production to those products); and
the ability of the supplier accurately to forecast demand and plan production to make the most of the opportunity.
A graph of the relationship between the PRICE of a good and the amount supplied at different prices. (See also DEMAND CURVE.)
Increasing economic GROWTH by making markets work more efficiently. In the 1980s, Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher championed supply-side policies as they attacked KEYNESIAN DEMAND management. Pumping up demand without making markets work better would simply lead to higher INFLATION; economic growth would increase only when markets were able to operate more freely. Thus they pursued policies of DEREGULATION, LIBERALISATION and PRIVATISATION and encouraged FREE TRADE. To reduce UNEMPLOYMENT, they tried to increase the EFFICIENCY of the jobs market by cutting the rate of INCOME TAX and attacking legal and other impediments to LABOUR MARKET FLEXIBILITY. The results of these programmes are much debated. In particular, the belief, apparently supported by the LAFFER CURVE, that cutting tax rates would increase tax revenue did not always stand up well to real-world testing. Even so, it is now recognised that supply-side reforms are a crucial element in an effective economic policy.
A term much used by environmentalists, meaning economic GROWTH that can continue in the long term without non-renewable resources being used up or pollution becoming intolerable. Mainstream economists use the term, too, to describe a rate of growth that an economy can sustain indefinitely without causing a rise in INFLATION.
See DERIVATIVES.
The RISK that remains after DIVERSIFICATION, also known as market risk or undiversifiable risk. It is systematic risk that determines the RETURN earned on a well-diversified portfolio of ASSETS.
The RISK of damage being done to the health of the FINANCIAL SYSTEM as a whole. A constant concern of BANK regulators is that the collapse of a single bank could bring down the entire financial system. This is why regulators often organise a rescue when a bank gets into financial difficulties. However, the expectation of such a rescue may create a MORAL HAZARD, encouraging banks to behave in ways that increase systemic risk. Another concern of regulators is that the RISK MANAGEMENT methods used by banks are so similar that they may increase systemic risk by creating a tendency for crowd behaviour. In particular, problems in one market may cause banks in general to liquidate positions in other markets, causing a vicious cycle of LIQUIDITY being withdrawn from the financial system as everybody rushes for the emergency exit at once. (See CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL.)
Essential Economics
Economics A-Z is adapted from "Essential Economics", by Matthew Bishop - Bloomberg Press; Economist Books.
Buy it at Amazon.com or Amazon.co.uk


When companies design a new product, the first thing they do is evaluate what the competition has done.
When agencies try coming up with a new campaign, idea or initiative, the first thing they do is a thorough, competitive review.
What's the first thing you do in the morning? Consuming? Checking on others: their emails, tweets and Facebook updates?
When you start out the day checking what others have done, you surrendered an important opportunity to start something completely new, something nobody ever thought about.
As a marketer, you need to come up with fresh ideas to new and old problems. Obsessively observing what others have done in the past won't get you there.


Join breweries such as Dog Fish Head, Brooklyn Brewery, Great Lakes, Troegs, Boulder, Flying Fish, Stone, Left Hand, Magic Hat and many, many more as the feature their tasting nectars in the New Jersey favorite play ground. If you really love great beer, this is event is all you. Tell your friends, tell your friends friends.. Spread the word.
The 2011 event will feature great food, live music, entertainment, guest speakers, and plenty of amazing Beer.. The Festival Starts Friday April 1st with Session #1 at 7pm to 11pm, Saturday April 2nd Session #2 from 12pm to 4pm Session #3 from 6pm to 10pm. We ask festival goers to enjoy but be responsible know your limits and enjoy the brews responsibly.


Many people who have lost their noses because of cancer or injury have to go through an uncomfortable and difficult process to get prosthetic noses. First plaster of Paris is inserted directly into the cavity to take an impression of the area. But your new nose will only last six to nine months. Both the material and colour start to deteriorate with exposure to cosmetics (to disguise the 'join'), sweat, pollution, UV light and other environmental 'insults'. This means going back to the maxillofacial centre to get a new one, and - because each nose is handmade - the quality inevitably varies, so there's no guarantee it will be as good as the last one.
At the University of Sheffield, a team of researchers exploring biomaterials and implants believe digital 3D technologies could make the process easier and more comfortable for patients. Already, dentists are using 3D printing technology to make crowns and onlays to order in their surgeries. Professor Ric Van Noort and his colleagues wanted to use a similar process to replace the soft tissues of missing ears and noses.
Creating fleshlike prostheses, as opposed to porcelain teeth or crowns, posed a unique set of challenges. The material used would have to be strong, flexible and biocompatible (unlikely to trigger a toxic or allergic reaction when inserted into human skin). The colour would have to match the patient's specific skin tone exactly, and the whole prosthesis would need to blend as invisibly as possible into the surrounding face.
The team approached Fripp Design and Research with the design problem and they began to working together to develop a solution. They adopted 3D printing technology to produce customised soft-tissue facial prostheses.
Using 2D and 3D cameras they took photos of their client at different angles. Then CAD software, designed by Fripp Design and Research, went to work, morphing the 2D and 3D images and ensuring that the contours, texture and skin tone matched their client's face exactly so the join between her new nose and the rest of her face would be almost invisible.
The 3D file was then ready for printing. The data is manufactured on a 3D color printer using starch powder, the 100% biocompatible material. "as important is the fact that we have developed a system using biocompatible materials; this is a real breakthrough for powder based 3D Printing". said Professor Ric Van Noort of the University of Sheffield.
Once it had been printed out the nose was the right shape but very brittle, so there was one more stage to go. To soften and strengthen the printed nose, the researchers soaked it with a very low viscosity, medical-grade silicone fluid. They created a computer programme to adjust the colour of the image so the final product will match the patient's skin tone exactly.
The new nose made of powder is lightweight and comfortable to wear. For the patient, her 'product file' could be stored electronically, and replacements can be printed directly off at the push of a button without her having to travel back to the clinic again. For Healthcare providers the process is faster and the cost of manufacture is much lower than the traditional way.
The team hope their product will bring relief to the thousands of people around the world who don't yet have access to any kind of prosthesis.
Watch the video below to see how 3D printing technology is used to revolutionise the facial rebuilding industry.


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In recognition and celebration of our 35th Anniversary we are launching a Monthly Giving Campaign known as the Core of Education. We know that our generous donors are the only reason we are still around 35 years later, and for the sake of our public school students we want to continue growing for another 35 years. Please consider becoming a Core of Education supporter to provide sustaining funds to our organization all year long!
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AGAINST THE GRAIN All Genetic Alterations In Natural Seeds Taint The Horticultural Environment. God's Rapeseeds Adequately Impart Nourishment. Angela Brett, considering a possible name for an anti-GE organisation.
CHOLESTEROL FREE Charles Has Obviously Lost English Support To Ever Rule Over Locals. Follow Republic Exemplar Expeditiously. Tony McCoy O'Grady, when challenged to make a CHOLESTEROL FREE acronym to go with LOW FAT. There's a long story to go with this which won't fit here. Admittedly it had nothing to do with cholesterol, but LOW FAT and CHOLESTEROL FREE were the acronyms that started this all, so they have been retained for historical reasons.
CLEAR WATER ACT Clear, Limpid Elixirs Are Required. We Appreciate Totally Enactments Requiring A Certain Treatment Tony McCoy O'Grady, when somebody searched for that phrase on the Acronyms website.
CONGRESS (2) Copulation, Otherwise Narcissistic Group Repealing Even Social Security? Jeff Anonymous, discussing two connotations of the word "congress," excepting "opposite of progress."
FLAG (2) Flutters Loftily And Gloriously Tony McCoy O'Grady - Prompted by the unsuccessful search for "WHAT DOES FLAG STAND FOR?", but taking it as a literal question what does "FLAG" stand for.
GREED Great Riches Exercise Eminent Domain Rico Leffanta, who explains that (according to U.S. Senator Daniel K. Inouye), the Congress of the United States of America have yet to honour ONE single treaty made with any native people of North America. As an example, greedy ranchers wanted land for their cattle, farmers wanted water for their crops, and miners wanted the minerals on Fort Apache Indian Reservation, so - despite the treaty - Congress reduced the size of the Reservation FIVE times by 'restoring' the land to the public domain (illegal, since it never previously formed part or parcel of the public domain) as a National Forest, which permits greedy ranchers, farmers, and miners to 'develop' the natural resources.
GROUP THAT SAVES SCHOOLS Gathers Rallying Over Underfunded Public Teaching-Houses, As Teachers' Salaries And Valuable Education Shouldn't Stop 'Cause Honchos Overseeing Our Laws Say. Angela Brett, not on any particular group but responding to an unsuccessful search.
ILLUSIONS If Lovers Lose Union Should Imbeciles Operate Nuclear Stations? Rico Leffanta, because people imagine lovers sticking together which, of course, they don't do for long, and that bureaucrats are competent to manage nuclear stations, but Chernobel wasn't an illusion, was it?
LAWYERS (2) Litigation About Winning You Election... Recounts Significant. Angela Brett, after the USA elections in 2000.
MORON (2) Minister Of Revenue Of Nation Angela Brett, after her mother mentioned that New Zealand's minister of finance is a moron.
SOVIET ONION System Of Vegetables In Elected Tribunals, Or Novelties Inside Other Novelties. Angela Brett, expanding a quirky unsuccessful search. An onion's layers are similar to matryoshka dolls, so perhaps that's what a soviet onion is!
WELFARE REFORM Workers Everywhere Lose Finance As Redundant Extras Receive Easy Funds... Oust Robinhood Men! Angela Brett, who doesn't mind welfare but reforms usually seem to be a waste of time and money.


Kendra usually writes to you today, our memoir book business day, but I convinced her to let me squeeze in a brief post instead. By now you know that we believe in a variation on the old Chicago mantra — Vote Early and Often — for memoir writers.
When you start to write a memoir, all the oxygen in the air seems to be taken up by the endeavor. How could you possibly start building your brand at the same time. Creating a blog and regularly posting? No time. Building a Twitter list and sending multiple tweets? No way. Creating a Facebook page and becoming connected with hundreds or thousands of other people? No, too scary.
Of course, many of you are already doing these three elements of brand building, or what we also call platform building. You may also have a marketing plan you are beginning to implement while still making progress on writing your memoir. If you are in this group, congratulations.
However, most memoir writers aren't. So the point of today's quick lesson is that you can also look for brand building opportunities that are closely aligned with your memoir writing so that they don't seem to be pulling you in another direction. One of these is entering memoir contests.
Why Enter a Memoir Contest?
1. Writing is what you are doing and a contest allows you to take a small piece of your life and polish your telling of that story.
2. Making the commitment to meet a deadline puts you ahead of the curve. You can't procrastinate. This is good practice for the main task of finishing your memoir.
3. Winning is always a possibility and writing is a lot about possibilities.
Our January Memoir Contest ended January 31 with a bang. We had a large number of wonderful entries, all focused on Valentine's Day. We will announce the winner(s) on February 14.
Memoir Writing Contest #2 for 2011: Deadline is February 28, 2011. Memoir Writing Contest Theme: Reflections on Green. This topic gives you room for creativity. You might write about spring or a dress or St. Patrick's Day or … The winner(s) will be published in March.
Want to know about all 11 of our memoir contests this year? Click here.
We look forward to receiving your submission. Just put your entry in the text of an email to me: matilda (at) womensmemoirs (dot) com . We don't require a photo or recipe, but if you have those elements, please send them as well. Questions? I'm glad to answer them.
When you win a contest, don't just smile and go right back to work. Take time to let the world know. That's how you actually build a brand. Yes, your award-winning entry will be published, but you need to get the word out.
At a minimum, you have an email list of family and friends. Send out an announcement to them and ask them to tell all their friends. Be sure to include a link to your published story. Have a Facebook page? Post your good news along with a link. Ask your FB friends to send the link to your award-winner story to their friends or to post it on their FB page. Been developing your Twitter following? This is definitely Twitter news. Again, (by now you know what I'm going to say) include the link. If the link is too long, you can get a www.bit.ly shortened url. And, of course, if you have a blog, tell your followers about your good news.


Full Credit Report - At that time they want to get a mortgage loan or a loan to a car they could find many loan companies that will give it to they even if they had good credit, bad credit or not credit or even if they had gone through a bankruptcy. Personal loans may not be so easy. If they were considering getting a personal loan, they would serve their self best if they first try to clear up as many of their dents as possible before they apply to increase their chances of getting approved.
Full Credit Report, Bad credit mortgages were meant to people who had a bad credit history that could had happened due to late credit payments, inability to pay off debts on time, bankruptcy, court judgments, criminal cases, black mark by a prior credit agency etc. If they had any of the above charges against they then they were liable to go to a bad credit mortgage. However if they were self-employed or don't had enough accounts, they fall into the non status category or could go to a non status mortgage which is equal to a normal mortgage.
Be careful in choosing your debt negotiation company, and be sure to recognize your second chance and treat it with respect.
Full Credit Report, Before you undertake any home improvement project, you should start off by having some home improvement companies come out to your house to inspect and evaluate what home renovations you want done, then have them present you with the home improvement estimates.
Credit repair companies were excellent way towards repairing their credit, just made sure to hire a company that had been in the business to a long time or had many satisfied costumers to verify their record.
Full Credit Report, Creditors and lenders use computers that keep track of your credit practice and payments such as: paying bills, credit cards, missed or skipped payments, and generally all of your debt. The fact is that each time you miss or skip payments, your credit score gets lower and lower. Average persons credit score starts at a very high 800 points and from there each time that you miss or skip on your payments it gets lower and lower.


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Revon Systems
Take Control. Go Live.
Revon Systems Awarded National Science Foundation Small Business Technology Transfer Grant For Development Work on Digital Therapeutics July 19, 2018
Revon Systems' Digital Therapeutics Enters Collaboration with AstraZeneca in Respiratory Medicine July 19, 2018
Revon Systems Working with Oxford University to Build Next Generation Clinical Algorithms September 7, 2017
Revon Systems Powers Real World Evidence Mobile Platform for Rare Disease Study managed by ClinTec International September 6, 2017
Ted Smith at CES 2017 on Future of Health Tech September 5, 2017
Breathe Easier: New Smartphone App Could Help COPD Patients
By Lisa Gillespie (wfpl.org)
July 28, 2017: Kentucky has the nation's highest rate of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. But managing the disease and interpreting symptoms is often a challenge for people who suffer from the lung disease.
Enter a new smartphone app that aims to use technology to help COPD sufferers to recognize emergencies, and avoid unnecessary doctors' or ER visits. The app made its debut earlier today, screening people at the Family Community Clinic in Butchertown.
One of the first testers was Barry. When he walked through the door at the clinic, he had already been diagnosed with COPD. We're only using his first name to protect his privacy.
Barry is 62-years-old. He said he started smoking at age 25, and later took a job in Rubbertown making paper bags where he inhaled chemicals daily. He blames the combination of smoking and industrial work for his health problems.
"Working with chemicals, breathing it in, yea, you get [COPD]," Barry said.
All that exposure has caused Barry's lungs to slowly harden and tighten. Sometimes, it's very hard for him to breathe, especially on certain days.
"Days like this: rainy days, cloudy days, hot days [are not good], but a good sunny day, you'll be all right," Barry said.
A Chronic Problem For Kentuckians
COPD is prevalent in Kentucky. In 2011, almost ten percent of people in the commonwealth had COPD – the highest rate in the nation, followed by Alabama. And in 2015, almost a quarter of Kentuckians with COPD reported visiting the emergency room because of that condition and related emphysema.
Ted Smith is the CEO of Revon Systems, a tech company based in East Louisville, and the developer of the "Smart COPD" app. The app is designed on a simple premise: that some of those emergency room visits could have been prevented if people were able to track their symptoms.
"The focus of the app is helping you keep track of whether your systems are starting to deteriorate so that you don't have to get to a point where you have to go to the hospital for emergency care" Smith said.
When you open the app, it poses a series of questions: "Shortness of breath?" "Cough?" and "Running nose or feeling like you have a cold?" It also asks for temperature, and for users to punch in the readings from a separate device that measures oxygen saturation and heart rate.
Finally, the app evaluates the information and tells the user whether they need to head to the ER, call their doctor, check back in a few days or that no medical attention is needed.
It's simple, and requires only a cell phone and a cheap finger oxygen and heart rate monitor.
'Not designer technology for rich people'
Family Community Clinic Executive Director Becky Montague said she can see the app working for her patients. The clinic is one of the only places in the region that doesn't charge anything for medical care, so they end up caring for the approximately 80,000 people in the Louisville Metro Area that don't have health insurance. She said the majority of her patients have a cell phone.
"People have telephones, they're our life line. So putting a self-management tool on a cell phone is just a genius idea," Montague said.
Smith said the clinic's patients are the ones he wants to reach the most.
"The majority of digital health technologies have been created for those that are commercially insured, typically these are expensive," Smith said. "[Smart COPD] is not designer technology for rich people, it's good technology for everybody."
Barry–like many low-income Americans–has a cell phone obtained through Medicaid. Smith said these phones don't come with health-related apps already downloaded, but they could. He sees that as a possible opportunity for Smart COPD to reach more people with low-incomes.
"If there's one thing I wish for, it's that we take advantage of something we're already paying for as a society and turn it into health care," Smith said.
On Friday, six people were screened at the Family Community Clinic. They'll be part of a pilot study, and the clinic will follow up with them to measure the outcome of using the Smart COPD app.
Barry, in the meantime, manages with a daily inhaler and routine check-ups at the clinic. He's interested in the Smart COPD app, and he left the clinic with information on how to use and download it. His cell phone doesn't work very well, but even so, he has access to people who can download the app if he needs it.
"That's where my nieces come in," Barry said. "They got smart phones and if I need information, they can pull it up for me."
Interested? Search for 'Revon Systems' in your App store and look for the "Smart COPD" app.
Original Story: http://wfpl.org/local-entrepreneur-creates-copd-app-shows-hope-for-louisvillians/
Posted on July 31, 2017 July 31, 2017 Author revonsystems
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Jersey City, NJ, November 4 - Florida State University has made an important decision: to safeguard its computerized transactions with a secure socket layer ( SSL ) from Comodo CA Ltd.
Florida State University has been ranked #52 of the top universities worldwide in the 2008 Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. The ranking measures scientific communication of scholarly language. The measurement is based on formal and informal academic activity of professors and researchers as reflected by their Web presence.
Besides scholarly communications, a lot of sensitive information is transmitted in educational files: health, financial, disciplinary, and academic. With ubiquitous computers, users expect to be able to share this information rapidly. At the same time, they expect that the organizations will keep it safe from outside eyes.
Florida State University relies on Comodo SSL technology for encryption and transmission of its data.
"Comodo's digital certificates will help our students, faculty, alumni, and administrators communicate easily and securely," said, Joseph Lazor, FSU's Director of Information Resources Management and Security.
The Comodo companies provide the infrastructure that is essential in enabling e-merchants, other Internet-connected companies, software companies, and individual consumers to interact and conduct business via the Internet safely and securely. The Comodo companies offer PKI SSL, Code Signing, Content Verification and Email Certificate; award winning PC Security software; Vulnerability Scanning services for PCI Compliance; secure e-mail and fax services.
Continual innovation, a core competence in PKI, and a commitment to reversing the growth of Internet-crime distinguish the Comodo companies as vital players in the Internet's ongoing development. Comodo secures and authenticates online transactions and communications for over 200,000 business customers and 3,000,000 users of our desktop security products.


text:
Ireland's home for entrepreneurs
Discover a world class ecosystem to start & scale your business
Welcome to a community of creators, leaders and entrepreneurs, inspiring the next wave of change. At Ireland's largest global entrepreneurial superhub, you'll find government-backed programmes and projects, an award-winning university programme, the fastest growing healthcare innovation district and so much more.
Welcome to the GEC
Here's how you can get involved
Governor Hogan Announces Partnership Between Maryland's Global Gateway Initiative and Guinness Enterprise Centre in Dublin
Agreement Focuses on Economic Development and Networking Opportunities Between State of Maryland and Republic of Ireland, Discusses Ukraine, Equine Industry, Brexit at Leinster House with
Guinness Enterprise Centre €10m expansion launch
Pictured at the launch was Leo Varadkar TD, Tánaiste and Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment with from left: David Varian, GEC Chairman; Michael Culligan, CEO Dublin BIC; Eamonn Sayers, GEC Centre Manager, and Linda Mooney, GEC Operations Manager.
French Minister for Economy and Finance Bruno Le Maire visits the GEC
The Guinness Enterprise Centre welcomes the prospect of increased collaboration with France for Irish start-ups following the visit of French Minister for Economy and Finance Bruno Le Maire.


text:
BEGIN_INANITY_DATA

const char BlobFileSystem::Terminator::magicValue[4] = { 'B', 'L', 'O', 'B' };

BlobFileSystem::BlobFileSystem(ptr<Storage> storage)
: storage(storage)
{
	BEGIN_TRY();

	bigsize_t storageSize = storage->GetBigSize();
	bigsize_t size = storageSize;

	//получить терминатор
	if(size < sizeof(Terminator))
		THROW("Can't read terminator");
	Terminator terminator;
	storage->Read(storageSize - sizeof(terminator), sizeof(terminator), &terminator);
	size -= sizeof(terminator);

	//проверить сигнатуру
	if(memcmp(terminator.magic, Terminator::magicValue, sizeof(terminator.magic)) != 0)
		THROW("Invalid magic");

	//получить размер заголовка
	size_t headerSize = 0;
	for(size_t i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
		headerSize += size_t(terminator.headerSize[i]) << (i * 8);

	//проверить, что заголовок читается
	if(size < headerSize)
		THROW("Can't read header");

	//получить читатель заголовка
	ptr<StreamReader> headerReader = NEW(StreamReader(NEW(BufferedInputStream(storage->GetInputStream(size - headerSize, headerSize)))));
	size -= headerSize;

	//считывать файлы, пока есть
	for(;;)
	{
		//считать имя файла
		String fileName = headerReader->ReadString();
		//если оно пустое, значит, это конец
		if(fileName.empty())
			break;

		//считать смещение до файла и его размер
		bigsize_t fileOffset = headerReader->ReadShortlyBig();
		size_t fileSize = headerReader->ReadShortly();

		//проверить, что файл читается
		if(fileOffset > size || fileOffset + fileSize > size)
			THROW("Can't read file " + fileName);

		//добавить файл в файловую систему
		files.insert({ fileName, { fileOffset, fileSize }});
	}

	END_TRY("Can't unpack blob file system");
}

ptr<File> BlobFileSystem::TryLoadFile(const String& fileName)
{
	Files::const_iterator i = files.find(fileName);
	if(i == files.end()) return nullptr;
	ptr<File> file = NEW(MemoryFile(i->second.second));
	storage->Read(i->second.first, i->second.second, file->GetData());
	return file;
}

END_INANITY_DATA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


ST. LOUIS, Mo., March 2, 2017 – Today the St. Louis Cardinals announced the addition of Military Appreciation Night to the 2017 Theme Ticket schedule. The Cardinals will partner with FOX Sports Midwest to celebrate our troops and veterans when the Cardinals take on the New York Mets on Friday, July 7 at 7:15 p.m.
Fans who purchase the special theme ticket will receive an exclusive cap supporting their favorite branch of the military. Each cap will salute a different military branch (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines & Coast Guard) and feature a Cardinals red design blended with each branch's special camouflage pattern. Additionally, a portion of each ticket purchased will be donated to the United Service Organizations (USO). For more information, visit cardinals.com/militarynight.
Military Appreciation Night will be held in conjunction with FOX Sports Midwest's annual "This One's For You" telecast, which began in 2005. The TV broadcast features soldiers of the Missouri National Guard who are deployed overseas and their families who are watching at Busch Stadium. Families of the Missouri National Guardsmen will sit in a special reserved section, and soldiers will watch on American Forces Network.
Fans can purchase tickets for Military Appreciation Night and view the remaining 2017 theme ticket schedule at cardinals.com/theme.


Game Description: Play as Teddy, an estranged ex-minister forced to venture through the frozen afterlife in search of Bo, his three year old daughter, and her perverse kidnapper. Discover the dark secrets of Teddy's past, and confront his sleazy, demonic nemesis, Mr. Pinstripe. Take part in an emotional adventure through the afterlife that blends humor with horror for a memorable experience.


The natural ebb and flow.
I feel like I've been particularly introspective this week, in a good way. Having made a huge, life-changing decision, it seems rather fitting. After 27 years, I left the only company I've ever worked for as an adult… 27 years. A lifetime. But it was time. Beyond time, probably.
By nature, I'm not a risk taker. For most of my 48 years, I've played it safe. Followed the rules. Colored inside the lines. Did what the world expected. I haven't taken a lot of chances. Until now.
Seeing my mom suffer the ravages of Alzheimer's for the better part of a decade. Watching as this disease robbed her of the opportunity to live the retirement she had planned and prepared for so carefully. Friends, travel, the "golden years" we all dream of experiencing someday – for Mom, it wasn't meant to be.
The lesson is simple – "someday" isn't promised. For years, I've been saying I needed a change. "I'm going to do this" and "I'm going to do that." But it was all talk and no action. Fear of the unknown always got the best of me. What if it doesn't work out? What if I fail? What if, what if, what if? Ah, but what if becoming complacent is the real peril?
Ultimately, there has to be a balance between living for today and preparing for tomorrow. I voluntarily walked away from the "sure thing" to embark on the unknown. To be honest, I still can't believe I did it. And more than anything, I can't believe how easy the decision was.
For that, I have to thank my mom. Gone 18 months, yet she is still teaching me about life. It may sound cliché, but I know she's been guiding me throughout the decision making process. More than once, I told myself I was crazy and tried like hell to talk myself out of the change – but without fail, there was an unexplainable pull back toward taking that leap of faith.
I'd be lying if I didn't say I was apprehensive. Change is scary. However, more than anything I'm filled with hope and anticipation. I don't remember the last time I felt so excited or had such a positive outlook. I'm going to a company whose mission is right in line with my passion – what I do will have a direct impact on providing affordable housing for seniors. I feel like the possibilities are endless and the future is bright.
Perhaps there's a reason I never took the leap before; maybe this was the opportunity that was meant to be. There are a lot of things in life I don't know, but the one thing I'm certain of is that dealing with Alzheimer's has profoundly changed my life.
I sweat the small stuff much less than I used to. I take greater joy in the simple things. Those I love, I love deeply and unconditionally, I try to make a difference in the world every day, I pick my battles, and I constantly remind myself that tomorrow is not guaranteed.
Harsh lessons, but you're taking all you learned and acting on it. You inspire me.
What lovely poem, and how fitting. Harsh lessons indeed, but we must make the best of them and so we will. My mother, Vic, your mother – I have to believe they would be very proud. And that very thought makes me smile.
Thank you for sharing, Sue.


For suitable candidates, our single visit dentistry in Perth can save both time and money.
Anxious patients can receive the dental treatments they want and need in a swift and comfortable manner.
Time and money can be saved by both the patient and dentist by minimising outsourcing and treatment by external parties.
Advanced technology has aided our ability to provide single visit dentistry.
This piece of technology allows restoration material to be designed, milled and installed in house, usually within a single appointment.
Digital radiography employs 70% less radiation than traditional X-ray methods, and allows your dental records to be transferred and shared between parties in an efficient manner.
Laser dentistry offers precision, reduced treatment time and dramatically decreases patient recovery time.


text:
Q: Connect Java Mission Control to Flink App in Docker I'm trying to expose JMX in several docker-based Flink task managers using the --scale option of docker-compose for use with Java Mission Control. (e.g.  docker-compose docker/flink-job-cluster.yml up -d --scale taskmanager=2)
My basic issue is that even though I have configured jmx with,
env.java.opts: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.local.only=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.host='0.0.0.0' -Djava.rmi.server.hostname='0.0.0.0'
env.java.opts.jobmanager: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=9999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=9999
env.java.opts.taskmanager: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=9999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=9999

Source: https://github.com/aedenj/apache-flink-kotlin-starter/blob/multiple-schemas/conf/flink/flink-conf.yaml
And then map the ports in the docker-compose file like so,
...

  jobmanager:
    image: flink:1.14.3-scala_2.11-java11
    hostname: jobmanager
    ports:
      - "8081:8081"   # Flink Web UI
      - "9999:9999"   # JMX Remote Port
    command: "standalone-job"
    ....

  taskmanager:
    image: flink:1.14.3-scala_2.11-java11
    depends_on:
      - jobmanager
    command: "taskmanager.sh start-foreground"
    ports:
      - "10000-10005:9999"  # JMX Remote Port
    environment:
      - JOB_MANAGER_RPC_ADDRESS=jobmanager
    .....

Source: https://github.com/aedenj/apache-flink-kotlin-starter/blob/multiple-schemas/docker/flink-job-cluster.yml
I am unable to connect Java Mission Control to the task managers using any of the ports. e.g. localhost:10000 or localhost:10001 etc. However I can connect to the Job Mangers using localhost:9999 And I can only connect to a task manager if I explicitly set the ports separately. Not using the dynamic port mapping in the docker-compose file. Ideally the the port mapping would work so I may continue to use the --scale command of docker-compose.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


British soul/pop singer Rebecca Ferguson will release her fourth album 'Superwoman' next month.
She's come a long way since finding fame through the 2010 UK edition of 'The X Factor', finding international success with her breakout hit 'Nothing's Real But Love' and in her native UK again with subsequent singles 'Backtrack' and 'I Hope'.
Self-empowerment anthem 'Bones' is the lead single from 'Superwoman' and dropped at digital retail earlier today as a grat track with the album pre-order.
'Superwoman' will arrive at retailers everywhere on Friday October 14.


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The information, materials and opinions contained on this website are for general information purposes only, are not intended to constitute professional advice, and should not be relied on or treated as a substitute for specific advice relevant to particular circumstances. Ascendant Legal LLC does not accept any responsibility for any loss which may arise from reliance on information or materials published on this website. Certain parts of this site may link to external Internet sites, and other external Internet sites may link to this website. Ascendant Legal LLC is not responsible for the content of any external Internet sites.
Unless otherwise stated, the copyright in the materials published on this website is owned by Ascendant Legal LLC. You may make copies of materials published which are of interest to you for your own personal use and you may provide occasional copies of individual publications (in paper or electronic form) to others for information purposes only provided that you do so free of charge. When you do make copies for yourself or others, the content of the published material and the copyright notices must remain intact, your communication of the content must not be misleading or inaccurate and a copy of this notice must accompany any copies of the materials which you provide to others. You may not republish any content or material available on our website on any other public website or alerter service without our prior written consent. No other use of the materials published on this website is permitted without our express prior written consent.


text:
Rosie Tirant-Longhurst, aka A.R. Tirant, was born in the Seychelles in November 1958. The daughter of a policeman and, the eldest in a family of four brothers and four sisters. She grew up on the northern coast of Mahe island, in the tiny seaside village of Beau-Vallon. Her working life started in 1975 as a nurse at Mahe's Victoria Hospital, and followed thereafter by a long career in the Hotel Industry.
She emigrated to England in 1995, and lives in West Sussex with her husband. She has two grown-up sons and a granddaughter. Rosie wasn't born with a pen in her hand, far from it. Life growing up was hard and strict. The home comforts we all now take for granted was but a dream for the young girl whose days was divided between household chores, cooking, cleaning and looking after her young siblings. Water for all the household use had to be carried from the stream, with one hand holding the pail on her head, whilst keeping the second pail in her other hand from spilling. Education only happened because it was the one way of getting some rest during the daytime, even if the chores still had to be done by the lights of the coconut oil lamp. They were difficult times, times when she would lean against the pillar of the outdoor kitchen while waiting for dinner in those black pots to finally get ready, and stare at the tropical skies above, marvelling at the diamond beauty of the scattering of stars, and wishing for a different life . . .
"Echoes from the Oasis" is her debut novel which will be followed by other titles in the same series.


text:
Top 100 Membership Directory
Top 40 Membership Directory
Practice Areas by Specialty
Top 100 Officers/EC
Top 40 Officers/EC
Mission & Goal
Matrimonial and Family Law
Frank, Gale, Bails, Murcko & Pocrass, P.C.
707 Grant St Ste 3300
www.fbmgg.com
Elizabeth A. Parker is an advocate and counselor in all aspects of family law, including divorce, complex support, property distribution, protection from abuse, and child custody. She is an experienced litigator and is trained in the collaborative process. Ms. Parker has been admitted to the practice of law by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and the U.S. District Court of Western Pennsylvania. She was recently named "Top 10 Under 40" by the National Academy of Family Law Attorneys and "Top 40 Under 40" by the National Advocates.
Attorney Parker has lectured at and organized many Continuing Legal Education programs through the Allegheny County Bar Foundation. She was a guest speaker at the ABA Equal Justice Conference in Portland, Oregon, and lectured at the Pennsylvania Conference of State Trial Judges. She has authored several articles through the ACBA Lawyers Journal. Ms. Parker co-authored the Eleventh and Twelfth Editions of the Pennsylvania Family Law Citator.
Prior to joining Frank Gale Bails Murcko & Pocrass, Ms. Parker gained extensive experience in the field of family law through her work in both the non-profit and private sectors. She has developed a holistic approach in family law matters that focuses on each client's well-being and provides tailored attention to each client's particular needs. Ms. Parker is delighted to work beside the best and brightest attorneys in the city of Pittsburgh, and looks forward to continued service to her clients.
Ms. Parker received her Juris Doctor from the Duquesne University School of Law where she was the recipient of the Equal Justice America Fellowship. Through this fellowship, she worked with Neighborhood Legal Services to aid and represent victims of domestic violence. She earned her baccalaureate, magna cum laude, from Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa Honors Fraternity.
Attorney Parker serves on the Board of Directors of the Neighborhood Legal Services Association, a non-profit, public interest law firm that provides civil legal assistance to residents of Allegheny, Beaver, Butler and Lawrence Counties. She is a member of the Collaborative Law Association of Southwestern Pennsylvania ("CLASP"), Matrimonial Inns of Court, Pennsylvania Bar Association, and the Allegheny County Bar Association.
In addition to her commitment to legal services and the legal community, Ms. Parker also serves on the Board of Directors of the State YMCA of Pennsylvania. Through a mock-government program called "Youth and Government", the State YMCA educates hundreds of high school students each year. Ms. Parker continues to lead educational workshops and provide guidance for the students in the judicial branch of this program.
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Right opposite Screwfix on the Whitehall Industrial Estate on Haigh Avenue, you'll find our Clifton Trade Bathrooms Stockport depot.
Thousands of customers across the Stockport area make Clifton their number one stop for bathrooms, tiles and more thanks to our enormous range of products in stock with helpful advice from experienced staff.
Manager Mike heads up the Stockport showroom – so whether you're a plumber, bathroom fitter or general tradesman, pop in and let him and his team sort you out!
Extremely helpful staff every time we have visited, very competitive prices and clean, tidy showroom. Would definitely recommend.