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Cyprus Report
SGI experts on Cyprus
Cyprus SGI 2022
Christophoros Christophorou
Associate Professor, University of Nikosia
Christophoros Christophorou, a leading expert in European media law, regulation, policies and an established political and elections analyst, has over thirty years' experience in researching electoral behavior and party politics. He has served as a campaign consultant for presidential and mayoral candidates in Cyprus. Mr. Chistophorou has been active in European media expert bodies, in particular the Eureka Audiovisual (1989–1992), Council of Europe media experts groups (1991–2001) and in the work of media expert groups helping to shape European media and communications policies. He has been employed by the Council of Europe as an external media expert since 2000 and represents the Council in meetings, training seminars and conferences. He has drafted for the Council media expert reports and codes of conduct and has collaborated with European media institutes in drafting reports on Cyprus media topics, such as market definitions, co- and self-regulation, transparency in ownership, the implementation of the European AVMS Directive, citizens' right to information. Together with other experts, he drafted the Declaration of Brussels on Media Education for all, at the invitation of the Belgian EU presidency (December 2010). He has published several books and articles on issues related to elections, political parties and the media, including Media and Elections: Case Studies (editor, European Media Institute (Dusseldorf-Belgrade, 2003) and Cyprus Media Narratives, Politics and the Cyprus Problem (editor, PRIO, Cyprus July 2010).
Heinz-Jürgen Axt
Professor Emeritus, University of Duisburg-Essen
Heinz-Jürgen Axt is professor emeritus of political science at University Duisburg-Essen. Mr. Axt completed his PhD on political integration in Europe at the University of Marburg and received his Habilitation at the Technical University of Berlin. He has for many years been an associate of the German think tank, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. In 1998 he was a Jean Monnet Chairholder, and as been a visiting professor at Saarland University in Saarbrücken since 2011. Mr. Axt is vice-president of the Southeast Europe Association and a member of the International Advisory Board of the Nicosia-based Cyprus Review. His main areas of research include European integration, EU enlargement, the euro crisis, security policies and transatlantic relations, the reform of EU structural policy, conflicts in South-East Europe (Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus). He has published more than 20 books and 300 articles. He is active in policy advising for the government of Nordrhein-Westfalen, Auswärtiges Amt, the German Federal Ministry of Finance and the European Commission.
Roy Karadag (Coordinator)
Research Associate, University of Bremen
Roy Karadag is a research associate at the Institute for Intercultural and International Studies (InIIS) at the University of Bremen. His research interests include comparative politics, historical sociology and Middle East studies. He studied political science and Islamic studies at the University of Tübingen and received his PhD at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG) in Cologne. His most recent publications include articles on the varieties of capitalism, Turkey's political economy and regional power politics in the Middle East.
With notable monitoring-mechanism shortcomings, Cyprus falls into the bottom ranks internationally (rank 39) in the area of executive accountability. Its score in this area has improved by 0.9 points since 2014.
Electoral-participation rates have plummeted in recent years, along with interest in politics more generally. Trust in politicians and institutions is low. Media reporting is generally of low quality, with little respect for media ethics rules and an increased dependency on financial interests.
While the House of Representatives has substantially upgraded its resources, formal executive-oversight powers remain moderate. The auditor general efficiently exposes abuses of power, to the point of being recently threatened with prosecution by the president. The ombuds office does not advocate sufficiently on behalf of human rights. The data-protection office does not appear to act proactively.
A past shift toward grassroots-level influence in parties has been reversed. Most economic interests focus narrowly on their sectoral demands. Recent momentum gained by civil-society groups has slowed, with issues such as transparency and combating corruption receiving limited response. Government officials have targeted migrant-rights groups with unsubstantiated accusations.
Citizens' Participatory Competence
To what extent are citizens informed of public policies?
Most citizens are well-informed of a broad range of public policies.
Many citizens are well-informed of individual public policies.
Few citizens are well-informed of public policies; most citizens have only a rudimental knowledge of public policies.
Most citizens are not aware of public policies.
Political Knowledge
The main feature of citizen participation in politics and elections since 2011 has been apathy and alienation. Political discussions remain largely unproductive, primarily consisting of monologues. Turnout in 2021 elections was 66% (down from 90% 15 years ago), while only 25% of young people registered on electoral rolls.
No opinion surveys record levels of information among citizens. However, public opinion surveys show that negative views about each of the main party leaders are between 70% and 76%, while 55% of people hold a negative view of the president (21% hold a positive view). Public trust in institutions in the spring 2021 Eurobarometer survey receded to 27% for the parliament (34% in 2019) and 31% for the government (36% in 2019).
Despite the picture of mistrust, more Cypriots (54% / 63%) than on average in the EU27 (48% / 48%) appear to be informed about and satisfied with the EU response to COVID-19, according to the special European Parliament Eurobarometer, spring 2021. This might be the result of the government's promotion of the Recovery and Resilience Plan during the campaign for the May 2021 parliamentary elections.
1. Special Euroepean Parliament Eurobarometer 95.1, Spring 2021, https://www.cymar.com.cy/en-gb/results/eb95-1.aspx/
Does the government publish data and information in a way that strengthens citizens' capacity to hold the government accountable?
The government publishes data and information in a comprehensive, timely and user-friendly way.
The government most of the time publishes data and information in a comprehensive, timely and user-friendly way.
The government publishes data in a limited and not timely or user-friendly way.
The government publishes (almost) no relevant data.
The Statistical Service and the Press and Information Office (PIO) systematically publish statistical data and reports, and information on the activities of the president and ministers. Ministries publish information on their work, albeit with significantly differing scope and type of information. The publication of annual activity reports by ministries and departments is often delayed by several years.
A website named EXANDAS, launched in 2019, provides access to government data, an inventory of projects and reforms, political decisions, and policies. The website provides an inventory of all actions undertaken by the government since 2013, but it is difficult to evaluate the progress made, in large part because no dates or timelines are specified with the data and information provided. The lack of comprehensive data and analysis on key policies and activities, in easy and legible forms, does not help citizens to evaluate the government's work.
1. EXANDAS – Report for monitoring the progress of government work (in Greek), https://exandas.presidency.gov.cy/
Legislative Actors' Resources
Do members of parliament have adequate personnel and structural resources to monitor government activity effectively?
The members of parliament as a group can draw on a set of resources suited for monitoring all government activity effectively.
The members of parliament as a group can draw on a set of resources suited for monitoring a government's major activities.
The members of parliament as a group can draw on a set of resources suited for selectively monitoring some government activities.
The resources provided to the members of parliament are not suited for any effective monitoring of the government.
Parliamentary Resources
The House of Representatives has substantially upgraded its resources. With the recruitment of specialized staff, parliamentary work enjoys expert support, which is not limited to administrative and secretarial services. Research provides the information needed to draft legislation, parliamentary committees comment on and evaluate government draft laws, while legal advice is available to check compliance with the constitution and existing legislation. A European affairs section deals with obligations under EU membership, and an international affairs section assists with relations to other parliaments and international bodies. Communication, technological and archival services complete the spectrum of resources available to the parliament.
The parliament has a rich library, which is open to the public and is in the process of digitizing its assets.
1. House of Representatives, The parliament's services and their functions (in Greek), 2021, http://www.parliament.cy/images/media/assetfile/Odigos.pdf
Are parliamentary committees able to ask for government documents?
Parliamentary committees may ask for most or all government documents; they are normally delivered in full and within an appropriate time frame.
The rights of parliamentary committees to ask for government documents are slightly limited; some important documents are not delivered or are delivered incomplete or arrive too late to enable the committee to react appropriately.
The rights of parliamentary committees to ask for government documents are considerably limited; most important documents are not delivered or delivered incomplete or arrive too late to enable the committee to react appropriately.
Parliamentary committees may not request government documents.
The government and the broader public administration have no constitutional obligation to make documents available to the parliament. In practice, in almost all cases, ministers answer questions, and present information and documents to deputies and parliamentary committees. However, for critical issues, they can refuse to do so.
The Law on the Deposition of Data and Information to Parliamentary Committees grants committees the power to summon officials, but not ministers, and request official information and data. An official who attends a committee hearing is obliged to tell the truth and to provide genuine documents. Hiding information or documents may lead to sanctions.
Critically, when invited, attendance is mandatory under the law, except for ministers. There has never been a case of activating this provision against officials or private persons who have refused to appear. This points to the weakness of the law, which affects the House of Representative's ability to obtain documents; access depends on an official's willingness to attend a hearing and a minister's discretionary power to approve the release of documents. Withholding information is possible without risking sanctions.
1. Law on the deposition of data and information to the House of Representatives and parliamentary committees 21(I)/1985 http://www.cylaw.org/nomoi/enop/non-ind/1985_1_21/full.html
Are parliamentary committees able to summon ministers for hearings?
Parliamentary committees may summon ministers. Ministers regularly follow invitations and are obliged to answer questions.
The rights of parliamentary committees to summon ministers are slightly limited; ministers occasionally refuse to follow invitations or to answer questions.
The rights of parliamentary committees to summon ministers are considerably limited; ministers frequently refuse to follow invitations or to answer questions.
Parliamentary committees may not summon ministers.
Summoning Ministers
The constitution (Art. 79) stipulates that the president "may address" or "transmit his views" to the House of Representatives or a committee "through the ministers." Moreover, ministers "may follow the proceedings, […] make a statement to, or inform" the House of Representatives or a committee on issues within their sphere of responsibility. Thus, constitutionally, the parliament has no power to summon executive officials. Α law passed by the parliament in 1985 makes it mandatory for officials, though not ministers, to attend. Although, generally, ministers respond positively to invitations, there have been cases where ministers and other officials have failed or declined invitation to appear themselves or be represented. No attempt has ever been made to activate the law penalizing failures to appear. Thus, since attendance ultimately lies with the discretion of the executive, ministers feel comfortable ignoring invitations when the subject is related to a contentious matter or for other reasons.
1. The Constitution of Cyprus, http://www.parliament.cy/easyconsole.cfm/page/download/filename/SYNTAGMA_EN.pdf/foldername/articleFile/mime/pdf/
Are parliamentary committees able to summon experts for committee meetings?
Parliamentary committees may summon experts.
The rights of parliamentary committees to summon experts are slightly limited.
The rights of parliamentary committees to summon experts are considerably limited.
Parliamentary committees may not summon experts.
Summoning Experts
Under the law, parliamentary committees have the power to summon experts. In practice, committees invite interested parties and stakeholders to present their views, but inviting independent experts or seeking their views is exceptionally rare.
Under the law, a person that attends a parliamentary committee meeting has the obligation to provide genuine data and tell the truth.
1. Law on the Deposition of Data and Information to the House of Representatives and to Parliamentary Committees, L.21(I)/1985, http://www.cylaw.org/nomoi/enop/non-ind/1985_1_21/full.html (in Greek)
Are the task areas and structures of parliamentary committees suited to monitor ministries effectively?
The match between the task areas of parliamentary committees and ministries as well as other relevant committee structures are well-suited to the effective monitoring of ministries.
The match/mismatch between the task areas of parliamentary committees and ministries as well as other relevant committee structures are largely suited to the monitoring ministries.
The match/mismatch between the task areas of parliamentary committees and ministries as well as other relevant committee structures are partially suited to the monitoring of ministries.
The match/mismatch between the task areas of parliamentary committees and ministries as well as other relevant committee structures are not at all suited to the monitoring of ministries.
Task Area Congruence
In 2020–2021, the House of Representatives comprises 55 deputies, 16 committees and six ad hoc committees. There is one committee for each of the 11 ministries, while five deal with cross-ministerial matters. According to the latest available activity report of the House of Representatives, during the 2020–2021 session, committees held 550 meetings (compared to 613 in 2019). The Defense Committee held 10 and the Committee for Legal Affairs held 54 meetings.
The proper monitoring of the work of the ministries is critically hindered by three factors: the small number of deputies (56), high membership needed in most committees (nine) and very broad scope of each line-ministry's competences. Each deputy must participate in at least three committees. Insufficient knowledge and deficient study and preparation is sometimes combined with deputies' readiness to serve interests promoted by lobbyists.
House of Representatives, Activity Report 2020 – 2021 (in Greek)
http://www.parliament.cy/images/media/redirectfile/Apologismos2021-A.pdf
To what extent do media in your country analyze the rationale and impact of public policies?
A clear majority of mass media brands focus on high-quality information content analyzing the rationale and impact of public policies.
About one-half of the mass media brands focus on high-quality information content analyzing the rationale and impact of public policies. The rest produces a mix of infotainment and quality information content.
A clear minority of mass media brands focuses on high-quality information content analyzing public policies. Several mass media brands produce superficial infotainment content only.
All mass media brands are dominated by superficial infotainment content.
Media Reporting
General analyses and policy assessment are weak points for the media. Poor issue knowledge, a lack of research, political bias and task overload are the main reasons for this weakness. A lack of respect for media ethics rules and self-censorship, along with increased dependency on financial interests, negatively affect media content.
Coverage of political issues generally offers little insight. Pluralism in public service broadcasting mainly offers mainstream views. Some analysis is the work of very few opinion columnists, while experts are invited by public service television. In 2020 and 2021, issues of corruption, the COVID-19 crisis and elections prevailed in the news, with little analysis on their deeper impacts.
Often, individual columnists question government policies. The main editorial line, however, is biased and demonstrates a leniency vis-a-vis the executive, apparently founded on informal relations with the presidential palace, in exchange for appointing journalists or relatives of media owners and journalists to public office.
Highly polarizing and confrontational rhetoric dominated the 2021 parliamentary elections, with media reproducing information evidently provided by the government. The Cyprus Problem was the framing factor of the elections, with focus shifting from the problem of corrupted leadership to "benefits from disclosures for Turkey" (see source below).
The absence of a media audit body, legislation for online media and transparency of media ownership negatively affect scrutiny and the public's capacity to properly evaluate the information they receive.
1. Cyprus' Spat With Al-Jazeera Takes on Geopolitical Overtones, 1 September, 2020, https://www.imidaily.com/editors-picks/cyprus-spat-with-al-jazeera-takes-on-geopolitical-overtones/
Parties and Interest Associations
How inclusive and open are the major parties in their internal decision-making processes?
The party allows all party members and supporters to participate in its decisions on the most important personnel and issues. Lists of candidates and agendas of issues are open.
The party restricts decision-making to party members. In most cases, all party members have the opportunity to participate in decisions on the most important personnel and issues. Lists of candidates and issue agendas are rather open.
The party restricts decision-making to party members. In most cases, a number of elected delegates participate in decisions on the most important personnel and issues. Lists of candidates and issue agendas are largely controlled by the party leadership.
A number of party leaders participate in decisions on the most important personnel and issues. Lists of candidates and issue agendas are fully controlled and drafted by the party leadership.
Intra-party Decision-Making
The adoption of procedures to allow party members (and friends) to elect the party leadership and choose party candidates began in the 1990s. Gradually, party leaders have attempted to bypass procedures or create conditions that negate the need for grassroots members to exercise such powers.
The Democratic Rally (Δημοκρατικός Συναγερμός, DISY) formed, in mid-2020, groups to "produce policies" for the 2021 parliamentary elections. However, no platform of policies was produced for the campaign except a brief two-page text, as in 2019. The presidential candidate for 2018 was nominated by simply approving the already announced candidacy of the incumbent president. In the 2021 parliamentary elections, 10 candidates were nominated by the party chairman, while one surplus candidacy was submitted, requiring election in one constituency. Party officials have priority as candidates. Since 2018, the party leader's powers have been broader and internal dialogue has been absent.
The Progressive Party of the Working People (Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζομένου Λαού, AKEL) adheres to the principle of democratic centralism. Party members and friends choose candidates, with the final decision in the hands of the party leadership and managed via an opaque procedure. The party congress (1,200 cadres) elects the 105-member Central Committee (CC), which in turn elects the secretary general. AKEL's presidential candidate is selected by party cells, based on proposals by the CC and a vote by an extraordinary congress. Electoral programs are approved by the party's leadership.
The Democratic Party (Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα, DIKO) applies a direct vote for its leadership. However, the CC (150 members) nominates the presidential candidate, while regulations set the procedures for the nomination of candidates to other offices. The CC also approves the electoral program.
To what extent are economic interest associations (e.g., employers, industry, labor) capable of formulating relevant policies?
Most interest associations are highly capable of formulating relevant policies.
Many interest associations are highly capable of formulating relevant policies.
Few interest associations are highly capable of formulating relevant policies.
Most interest associations are not capable of formulating relevant policies.
Association Competence (Employers & Unions)
Tripartite consultations (comprising the government, employers' associations and trade unions) are an established tradition in labor relations. The actors participate in order to promote their sectoral interests. They have no research institutes beyond study teams, with limited capacity and scope. The left-wing Pancyprian Federation of Labor (Παγκύπρια Εργατική Ομοσπονδία, PEO) is a rare exception. Its research institute regularly produces and publishes scientific studies on the economy and labor market.
1. Hoteliers and unions agree on terms for collective agreement, Cyprus Mail, 28 August 2019, https://cyprus-mail.com/2019/08/28/hoteliers-and-unions-agree-on-terms-for-collective-agreement/
To what extent are non-economic interest associations capable of formulating relevant policies?
Association Competence (Others)
A proliferation of civil society groups is connected, among other factors, with funding opportunities from EU and other organizations. Many are subject-oriented associations, with limited capacity to formulate policy proposals.
The momentum gained in recent years by some groups active and interested in politics, the economy, and social and environmental issues has slowed down. Issues such as promoting transparency and combating corruption, electoral system reform, and protecting the rights of minority groups have received limited response. Despite media attention and quality proposals on such significant subjects, political forces choose to promote sectoral interests, mostly counting on votes. In the last two years, government officials have targeted NGOs and groups supporting migrants' rights with unsubstantiated accusations.
The activities of associations and in particular of the bicommunal civil society organizations that create spaces for dialogue between the Turkish and Greek Cypriot communities have been affected by restrictions on movement introduced to tackle COVID-19. The Church of Cyprus continues to assert its presence in society and is promoted by public service television. Its influence has not receded, despite conservative statements and actions by its leadership that do not comply with the spirit of Christianity.
1. Bird groups say illegal shooting in Cyprus must stop, Cyprus Mail, 27 September 2019, https://cyprus-mail.com/2019/09/27/bird-groups-so-illegal-shooting-in-cyprus-must-stop/
Independent Supervisory Bodies
Does there exist an independent and effective audit office?
There exists an effective and independent audit office.
There exists an effective and independent audit office, but its role is slightly limited.
There exists an independent audit office, but its role is considerably limited.
There does not exist an independent and effective audit office.
Audit Office
The auditor general is a constitutionally independent officer appointed by and reporting to the president, the highest authority in the republic. The terms of the auditor general's removal are the same as those of a Supreme Court justice. The auditor general presents an annual report to the president, who "shall cause it to be laid" before the parliament. S/he also produces a multitude of reports on specific subjects and on entities of public law. Parliamentary committees invite the auditor general to their hearings. The constitution provides that the audit office shall review "all disbursements and receipts, and audit and inspect all accounts of moneys and other assets administered, and of liabilities incurred, by or under the authority of the republic." This gives the office oversight authority over all three estates.
In 2020 and 2021, the auditor general faced a strong reaction to his work from the executive and was threatened with sanctions. Despite excessive media exposure and actions that damage the credibility of the institution, the auditor general exerts his powers in a rather efficient way, exposing abuses of power and non-compliance with laws.
1. Government accuses audit boss of overstepping his powers, Cyprus Mail, 30 December 2020, https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/12/30/government-accuses-audit-boss-of-overstepping-his-powers-updated/
Does there exist an independent and effective ombuds office?
There exists an effective and independent ombuds office.
There exists an effective and independent ombuds office, but its advocacy role is slightly limited.
There exists an independent ombuds office, but its advocacy role is considerably limited.
There does not exist an effective and independent ombuds office.
In the absence of any constitutional provision for an ombuds office, the Office of the Commissioner for Administration and Human Rights was established by law L. 3/1991. The ombudsman's mandate extends to equality and non-discrimination, prevention of torture, forced returns, and disabilities issues. The president of the republic appoints the commissioner upon the recommendation of the Council of Ministers, subject to approval from the parliament. The commissioner presents an annual report to the president, with comments and recommendations. Copies of the report, investigative reports and activity reports are made available to the Council of Ministers and to the parliament.
Excluded from the commissioner's oversight are the House of Representatives, the president of the republic, the Council of Ministers, individual government ministers, the courts (including the Supreme Court) and other officials.
Opinions and reports sometimes appear to accommodate the behavior of the authorities instead of insisting on the need for full respect for human rights in practice.
1. Office of the Commissioner for Administration and Human Rights, Report for 2020 of National Mechanism
for the Prevention of Torture, 2021 http://www.ombudsman.gov.cy/ombudsman/ombudsman.nsf/All/5640AE2B1E22803EC2258784002D2F0D/$file/NPM%20ACTION%20REVIEW%202020.pdf
Is there an independent authority in place that effectively holds government offices accountable for handling issues of data protection and privacy?
An independent and effective data protection authority exists.
An independent and effective data protection authority exists, but its role is slightly limited.
A data protection authority exists, but both its independence and effectiveness are strongly limited.
There is no effective and independent data protection office.
Data Protection Authority
The Office of the Commissioner for the Protection of Personal Data was established in 2002. Law 125(I)/2018 updated the legislation in accordance with EU regulations and directives. The Council of Ministers appoints the commissioner upon the recommendation of the minister of justice and public order. The qualifications for appointment are those required for a judge of the Supreme Court, a "lawyer of high professional and moral standard." The commissioner's authority is extended to both public and private persons, except on processing operations by courts when acting in their judicial capacity. Under the Law on Access to Information, L. 184(I)/2017, the commissioner is also the commissioner for information, who is tasked with monitoring compliance with the law.
Violations of personal data by the authorities, politicians and political parties has always been an issue of concern. However, very few decide to file a complaint. In the latest available report from the commissioner (2019), there is no indication of proactive action.
1. Commissioner for the Protection of Personal Data – Activity Report 2019, https://www.dataprotection.gov.cy/dataprotection/dataprotection.nsf/43E41408DE96649BC225869C0045D367/$file/Annual%20Report%202019.pdf


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Proin Extended-Release Tablets for Dogs
By Proin
Prescription Item
$0.77 FREE Shipping over $49
Strength: 74-mg
Click to select 18-mg
Click to select 38-mg In stock
Click to select 145-mg In stock
Count: 1 tablet
Click to select 1 tablet In stock
This item requires prescription approval. Details
Medications ship separately. Delivery times may vary. Details
This item cannot be shipped to AR, IA, LA, OR, or WV.
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Proin Extended-Release Tablets for Dogs, 74-mg, 1 tablet
Dog/Healthcare/Digestive & Urinary/Urinary Health
74-mg,1 tablet
Proin Extended-Release is prescribed by your veterinarian to help control urinary incontinence in dogs due to urethral sphincter hypotonus, a weakening of the muscle in the urethra. It works by helping to tighten the bladder and urethral muscles to help prevent urine leaking and accidents. With all the same efficacy as Proin Chewable Tablets, these patented extended-release tablets are designed for once-a-day dosing and deliver a controlled release mechanism for steady absorption.
For the control of urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter hypotonus in dogs.
The following signs have been reported more often with a dose higher than the recommended dosage: agitation, arrhythmia, bradycardia, erythema, fever, hypersalivation, hypertension, lethargy, mydriasis, panting, piloerection, tachycardia, tremor, and urinary retention.
Drug & Food Interactions
No serious food and drug interactions have been reported.
Proin ER may mask signs of incontinence due to urinary tract infection. Proin ER is not effective in dogs with incontinence due to neurologic disease or malformations. Proin ER may cause hypertension; therefore, use with caution in dogs with pre-existing heart disease, hypertension, liver disease, kidney insufficiency, diabetes, glaucoma, and conditions with a predilection for hypertension. Use with caution in dogs receiving sympathomimetic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors as increased toxicity may result. Use with caution in dogs administered halogenated gaseous anesthetics as this may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. A laboratory study on human blood revealed that phenylpropanolamine (PPA) used in conjunction with aspirin may potentiate decreased platelet aggregation. Proin ER may cause increased thirst; therefore, provide dogs with ample fresh water. The safe use of Proin ER has not been evaluated in dogs that are intended for breeding, or that are pregnant or lactating.
This item cannot be shipped to Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Oregon, and West Virginia.
These Proin Extended-Release Tablets have the same efficacy as Proin Chewable Tablets.
See all items by Proin
Watch our Proin video
Restricted Availability
AR, IA, LA, OR, WV
phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride
Common Brand Name(s)
Proin Extended-Release
Administration Form
PRN Pharmacal
Adrenergic Agent
Proin ER tablets contain 18, 38, 74 or 145 mg phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride per tablet.
Recommended Dosage
The recommended dosage is 2 to 4 mg/kg (0.9 to 1.8 mg/lb) of body weight once daily. Do not split or crush tablets. Dogs weighing less than 10 pounds cannot be safely dosed because tablet administration would result in a dose over 4 mg/kg. Dogs may transition from Proin Chewable Tablets to Proin ER without a break in administration. However, do not alternate Proin ER with Proin Chewable Tablets because the effectiveness and safety of interchangeable use have not been evaluated.
Store at controlled room temperature 68-77°F, excursions permitted between 59-104°F.
Why Proin ER?
Convenient - Given with food, a single dose per day simplifies treatment.
Innovative - Patented release technology provides controlled release that ensures steady absorption.
Easy to Prescribe - Four dosing strengths based on body weight to provide simplicity.
What are the common clinical signs of urinary incontinence in dogs?
Dripping or leaking urine
Excessive licking of the genital area
Red and irritated skin around the genital area
Needing to go more frequently than normal
Wetting the bed or sleeping area
Urinating inappropriately in the house
Fortunately, while frustrating at first, canine urinary incontinence may be controlled with Proin ER, a safe and effective FDA-approved once-a-day tablet that works by increasing urethral sphincter tone to help prevent urinary accidents.
By DocD on Jan 7, 2021
I bought 90 of these 74 mg extended release Proin Tablets! They are way too strong! Too many neurological symptoms! The regular 75mg tablets were fine! Why do you keep changing the Proin tablets every time I order? Now I have $74 worth of meds I can't use!!!! Dr DeMello
My dog hates the flavor
By Sam13 on Dec 18, 2020
They seem to do the trick for my dog's incontinence however she hates the flavor. They come in a chewable form but she will not eat these and has also been able to detect these in every type of food. I have to pry her mouth open and shove them down her throat which is unpleasant for both of us.
Help my dog urination issue
By John on Jan 12, 2021
The vet prescribed this medication to help my dog urination inconsistency and I have to say I can see the difference. She is not having accidents after a nap and the price is a lot lower than what the vet is charging.
By Kathyb on Oct 5, 2020
My Vet prescribed this for my 8 year old Jack Russell Terrier. She didn't like taking it and we only gave it to her every other day because she would not eat when she got it. It did work for the incontinence. She got it for about 3 months. She lost over 5 pounds and she was only a 20 pound dog. She eventually quit eating. Took her to the Vet. She had an enlarged heart. Got more medicine for that. Within a week she was dead from complete renal failure. I can't say for sure this is what caused her death, but she was at the Vet for her annual physical in March and she was extremely healthy. Please be very cautious using Proin ER! I wish I would have saw a post like this. I would have My Vet prescribed this for my 8 year old Jack Russell Terrier. She didn't like taking it and we only gave it to her every other day because she would not eat when she got it. It did work for the incontinence. She got it for about 3 months. She lost over 5 pounds and she was only a 20 pound dog. She eventually quit eating. Took her to the Vet. She had an enlarged heart. Got more medicine for that. Within a week she was dead from complete renal failure. I can't say for sure this is what caused her death, but she was at the Vet for her annual physical in March and she was extremely healthy. Please be very cautious using Proin ER! I wish I would have saw a post like this. I would have been more aware of what was happening to her. … more
Proin is great; shipping, not so much
By Melee on Aug 19, 2020
I chose Chewy because of the two-day shipping and because my partner and I being busy people, I didn't realize our girl had run out of her pills, and one of our vehicles was in the shop. When I ordered I forgot that our vet has my partner's name listed instead of mine, so it didn't go through. That's my bad. But when I got the email about it I called immediately, in the middle of the night, bless their hearts. The person I spoke to entered my partner's name in such a way that it looked like HE was the VET and our vet had no idea what was going on I couldn't help. I had to call and be on the phone with Chewy for another 15 minutes or so. We finally got the pills today... 9 days after I ordered I chose Chewy because of the two-day shipping and because my partner and I being busy people, I didn't realize our girl had run out of her pills, and one of our vehicles was in the shop. When I ordered I forgot that our vet has my partner's name listed instead of mine, so it didn't go through. That's my bad. But when I got the email about it I called immediately, in the middle of the night, bless their hearts. The person I spoke to entered my partner's name in such a way that it looked like HE was the VET and our vet had no idea what was going on I couldn't help. I had to call and be on the phone with Chewy for another 15 minutes or so. We finally got the pills today... 9 days after I ordered them. I probably won't get our dogs pills through Chewy again. The experience was pretty bad. Everyone I spoke with was very nice, though. And the proin is pretty much a miracle. … more
By Lexi3 on Jan 16, 2021
My male Australian cattle dog mix was has urinary incontinence at night, and since being on tgis medication he has had no inconvenience or side effects.
Immediately Effective
By GoodStuff on Oct 30, 2020
My grown-up spayed love bucket was leaving little tinkle spots everywhere AND was licking constantly to keep herself clean. To the vet we went where Proin 18 mg ER was prescribed. One dose and she was 100%. I get it from Chewy because it's economical and convenient.
Proin ER WORKS
By Rudy on Oct 30, 2020
So excited that I was able to purchase this med through Chewy. Their prices can't be beat and their customer service is top notch. So friendly and helpful through the process of getting prescription from my vet. Thanks Chewy.
Amazing medication!
By Brittni on Oct 4, 2020
This medication is amazing. My dog has urinary incontinence that is not only annoying to me, but also very frustrating for her as she feels like she is in trouble every time she has an accident (I obviously never punish her for them). This medication has worked wonders and helped her get back to her normal goofy self.
By Sharon on Jan 7, 2021
love the ease of this transaction! This is so much easier than a trip to pick up every month!!

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Fast Girls is an Olympics cash-in, that wasn't allowed to be an olympics cash-in. They were banned from using the words "Olympics" "London" and "2012", so instead the girls in question are training to compete in the fictional 2011 World Championships.
Fast Girls is co-written by Noel Clarke, who stars as the girls coach and directed by newcomer Regan Hall.
The film is billed as a comedy/drama, however it is not quite funny enough to be a comedy or dramatic enough for the drama genre.
It stars Lenora Crichlow (Being Human) as Shania, a talented sprinter from the 'wrong side of the tracks' who is approached by relay coach, Tommy (Clarke) to join the team. Unsurprisingly, she's not a team player.
It was great and refreshing to see a British production with strong female leads. Fast Girls opens well, but soon descends in to a cliché ridden film. The romance between Shania and Carl never quite feels real and the movie quickly falls back on the staples we've seen so many times, in so many films. Noel Clarke puts in a rather bland performance, almost as if he wasn't meant to play Tommy and the original actor cast didn't turn up. Phil Davis has little more than a cameo, as Shania's original coach and that is quite frankly a complete waste of his talent. At times the film does engage the audience, but you may have drifted off by the time you get to the predictable "feel good" climax.
Behind the Scenes: Cast Training/ Costume Design/ The Relay/ Fast Girl Championship/ Night Shoot.
Interviews: Lenora Chrichlow/ Lily Jame/ Noel Clarke/ Bradley James/ Regan Hall/ Rupert Graves/ Lorraine Burroughs/ Lashana Lynch/ Dominique Tipper/ Damian Jones/ Ben Rimmer/ Shani Anderson/ Jeanette Kwakye.
Previous Previous post: The Two Faces of January – First look!


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Beata Bakó
Why Throw a Constitution out of the Window Instead of Making it Work?
If the constitution-making and amending by Fidesz with their legally obtained two-thirds majority counted as illegitimate, constitutional revision with a simple majority cannot be acceptable. If the sudden redesign of institutions gave reason for serious concern eleven years ago, it cannot be welcomed now. Continue reading >>
Kim Lane Scheppele
Escaping Orbán's Constitutional Prison
Backsliding democracies around the world all face the problem of how to restore the rule of law. Precisely because it is already embedded in European law, with deep Hungarian roots that have long honored European traditions and its international law obligations, Hungary has the option of simply embracing European law to provide a legal path back to the rule of law Continue reading >>
Csaba Győry
Governance or Revolution?
The call from Andrew Arato and Andras Sajó starts an important and timely debate. It is indeed a thorny question in which cases a formal breach of constitutional norms is the only way to restore constitutionalism. I make three claims: First, while the potential opposition government's legislative power will indeed be constrained, it will not be entirely powerless. Second, many of these constraints do not stem from constitutional provisions per se, but from informal practices within constitutional organs, and thus cannot be addressed by only formal constitutional changes, revolutionary or otherwise. Third, in the present situation a calculated formal breach of the constitution will most likely lead to civilian strife, political paralysis and radicalization. It will also have the potential to destabilize the European Union. Continue reading >>
Anna Unger
Chekhov's Gun
On 9 November, the Fidesz-majority in the parliament passed an amendment on the registration of permanent addresses in Hungary, which allows to register a permanent address without actually living there. In addition, creating a fictional address will no longer be a punishable crime, as the parliament also modified the Penal Code by deleting this specific case from the provisions of document falsification. This legislative step opens the floodgates of voter tourism for the Spring parliamentary elections creating legal but unfair and undemocratic possibilities for winning the most competitive Single Member Districts. Continue reading >>
Gábor Halmai
Restoring Constitutionalism in Hungary
Even if the opposition will win the 2022 election in Hungary, it is very unlikely that the new governing parties will reach the two-third majority which according to the current rules is necessary to enact a brand new constitution or even to amend Fidesz's 'illiberal' constitution. Yet, amending Hungary's Fundamental Law by a simple majority would be an unacceptable but also unnecessary break of legality. But it should also be avoided that a new democratic government would have to govern in the long run within the framework of the present 'illiberal' Fundamental Law. Continue reading >>
András Jakab
How to Return from a Hybrid Regime to Constitutionalism in Hungary
Revolutionary proponents of instant radical solutions are offering Jacobin moralist arguments about the evilness of the old legal system and enthusiastic political slogans about a bright future under the new Constitution, but they are staying silent about the most likely outcome of their plans: massive armed violence. Continue reading >>
Viktor Z. Kazai
Aux armes, comédiens!
Revolutionary spirit in Budapest: students of the University for Theater and Film Arts blockaded the main entrance of their institution. The reason for resistance was another attack on academic freedom by the Fidesz government. It decided to "privatize" the university and to delegate the rights of control to a foundation established by the state - yet another stage in the government's culture war. Continue reading >>
Dániel Karsai
The Curious and Alarming Story of the City of Göd
Misusing its extraordinary law-making powers which were conferred to it by the controversial Enabling Act during the epidemic state of danger, the Hungarian government expropriated the city of Göd. Apparently the government did so in order to punish the opposition lead municipality - and it seems to prepare further expropriations. Continue reading >>
Stop Soros Law Left on the Books – The Return of the "Red Tail"?
On 28 February, Hungary's Constitutional Court found the so-called Stop Soros legislative package constitutional. Shocking as it may seem at first glance, this case reminds us how difficult it is to evaluate the judgments of a constitutional court operating in an illiberal political regime. Continue reading >>


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Green takes stand in Diaz murder trial
LAURENS, S.C. Accused murderer Fabian Green testified in his own defense Thursday evening after prosecutors presented a letter they deemed a jailhouse confession in the killing of Edwin Diaz-Chirinos last year. Closing statements in the trial are expected Friday morning before the case is handed over to the jury. Green is one of three people…
Beautify Laurens County sets June 3 cleanup day
Volunteers came out in March and combed the roadways to spruce up the county in the first quarterly Beautify Laurens County Cleanup day, and on Saturday, June 3, residents can again have a go at cleaning up the areas right where they live. "In March we had 81 volunteers and they collected 234 bags of…
CHS and LDHS seniors, schools prepare for tonight's commencements
While school administrators are always excited about the commencement exercises that will mark their seniors' graduation from high school, the sheer numbers expected to attend can prove daunting for those overseeing the details and logistics, but both Laurens and Clinton staff said the systems in place last year are expected to work well again this…
Trial begins in murder of LDHS student
The prosecution began laying out its case for jurors Tuesday, May 30, in the murder of Edwin Diaz-Chirinos, saying that the Laurens District 55 High School senior was set upon by three other Laurens teenagers. Fabian Lamichael-Rashad Green, 19, faces charges of murder and desecration of a body. Eighth Circuit Deputy Solicitor Warren Mowry said…
Man sought in connection with break-in, indecent exposure, vehicle theft
The Laurens County Sheriff's Office is searching for a man believed to have broken into a Clinton residence, exposing himself, and then stealing a vehicle from another residence. Thomas Andrew Pate, a 6-foot-1, 200-pound white male with blue eyes, is wanted in connection with both incidents, which happened on the 5000 block of S.C. Highway…
Berry pleads to manslaughter, sentenced to 30 years
Angela Nicole Berry was sentenced to 30 years in prison after pleading guilty Monday to voluntary manslaughter. Berry was charged with murder in the 2015 death of William David Corteville, 53, of Laurens, but accepted a last-minute plea deal before her trial was set to begin this week. Berry is believed by investigators to have…
More arrests made in double murder, suspect kills self
A suspect in a double murder that occurred during a block party Saturday night in Laurens committed suicide Monday afternoon just before deputies from the Laurens County Sheriff's Office arrived to arrest him. Deputies were attempting to serve Johnny Lee Pyles, Jr. with a warrant for murder Monday in the weekend murders of Sidney Speaks,…
LCSO investigating double homicide in Laurens
A double homicide that occurred Saturday night in Laurens is still under investigation by the Laurens County Sheriff's Office. Two men were shot and killed during a block party on the 200 block of Winette Street in Laurens. The victims were identified as Roydrecilous Irby, 26, and Sidney Speaks, 43. Irby and Speaks were transported…
Munyan tapped to lead Chamber as first woman CEO
Amanda Munyan is heading back to the Laurens County Chamber of Commerce in a few weeks, but when she returns July 10, she'll be in a new role as CEO and president, and the first woman to hold that position in the chamber's history. "We have a new CEO, Amanda," said board chair Marilyn Easter,…
Crash causes power outage in Waterloo
Power was restored by 9:20 a.m. Thursday after the crash of a box truck on U.S. 221 near Waterloo disrupted service. The crash downed power lines and caused a power outage in the area, including at Waterloo Elementary School. Laurens School District 55 officials said Waterloo Elementary began school without power, but Duke Energy crews…


Emily-Clare is an experienced international yoga Instructor, currently based in London. She believes in balance and experience, two of her favourite words. She likes to travel, meet and experience new communities and cultures. Once feuding yoga off the back of dance study, her passion for yoga grew and grew; trying many styles of practice. For her variety and intelligent creativity was what sparked her practice and vision. Her vinyasa practice allows her the freedom to find the flow and breath of Astanga, the structure of Iyengar, and the body mechanics of Anusara.
Be the You, You Want to Be!


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Q: Connecting to MS SQL Server with iODBC on Mac I'm trying to connect to a Microsoft SQL Server from my Mac development machine using iODBC. No matter what I do, I get the error message Unable to connect to data source from the FreeTDS driver. After consulting various manuals, blog posts, and StackOverflow questions, I'm at my wit's end.
I'm using Mac OS X 10.7.4, with FreeTDS version 0.91 installed through Homebrew. Here's what I'm doing:
$ brew install freetds
$ mkvirtualenv odbc
$ workon odbc
$ pip install pyodbc

$ tsql -H localhost -U mydbusername -P mydbpassword -p 1433
locale is "en_US.UTF-8"
locale charset is "UTF-8"
using default charset "UTF-8"
1> quit

The above connects and works, but:
$ iodbctest
iODBC Demonstration program
This program shows an interactive SQL processor
Driver Manager: 03.52.0607.1008

Enter ODBC connect string (? shows list): driver={TDS};server=localhost;uid=mydbusername;pwd=mydbpassword;database=mydbname
1: SQLDriverConnect = [FreeTDS][SQL Server]Unable to connect to data source (0) SQLSTATE=08001
1: ODBC_Connect = [FreeTDS][SQL Server]Unable to connect to data source (0) SQLSTATE=08001

Since I'm ultimately planning to use it through PyODBC, I tried that as well:
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Jun 22 2012, 00:35:38)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Based on Apple Inc. build 5658) (LLVM build 2335.15.00)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pyodbc
>>> c = pyodbc.connect(driver='/usr/local/lib/libtdsodbc.so', host='localhost', name='mydbname', uid='mydbusername', pwd='mydbpassword')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
pyodbc.Error: ('08001', '[08001] [FreeTDS][SQL Server]Unable to connect to data source (0) (SQLDriverConnect)')

I've tried all manner of things suggested in blog posts and SO posts... creating DSNs in ODBC Administrator, creating a ~/.odbc.ini, attempting to use unixODBC (which didn't work with PyODBC), specifying a connection string instead of keyword args, etc. I also produced a trace file through iODBC, which I have pasted here, but I couldn't glean any more information from it than from the error message.
(I should mention that I am tunneling the connection to SQL Server over SSH with the line LocalForward localhost:1433 production.someinstitution.edu:1433 in my ~/.ssh/config, since my IT department has limited me to connect only from the production server's IP. It works for a GUI client (SQuirreLSQL) so I assume the forwarding is correct.)

A: You should use 'port' parameter in connection string in case of DSN-less connection.
Otherwise your port could be specified in your DSN or driver config (odbc.ini and freetds.conf respectively)

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Vilnius - Kaunas - Nida - Riga - Tallinn
1st day: Vilnius
Arrival to Vilnius. Transfer to hotel. Overnight in Vilnius.
2nd day: Vilnius - Trakai - Kaunas (120 km)
Breakfast and sightseeing tour in Vilnius. The capital city of Lithuania is situated on the confluence of two rivers: Neris and Vilnele. The Old Town looks like a maze of small streets. In the center of the Old Town stands the Cathedral with a bell tower. It occupies the site of an ancient pagan temple to the God Perkunas and originally lay within the fortification system of the Lower Castle. In the narrow old streets one will see numerous pieces of historical heritage, like St. Anne's Church, University complex of buildings, Church of St. Peter and Paul, the Gates of Dawn.
The tour to Trakai is following in the afternoon. Trakai is an ancient capital of Lithuania, situated 25 km South from Vilnius. The famous Trakai Castle occupies one island of Lake Galve. This unique fortification used to strike fear into the hearts of crusaders in the Middle Ages. Departure to Kaunas. Overnight.
3rd day: Kaunas - Klaipeda - Nida (270 km)
In the morning sightseeing tour in Kaunas, including Kaunas Castle, Town Hall, known as "White Swan", passing Vytautas Church, "Thunder" House and 1408 founded Cathedral. Trip to the War museum's park, where one can see statues of Lithuania's people of merit. A walk through pedestrian street Laisves aleja (Freedom Avenue) is a must. Departure to Curonian Spit in the afternoon.
Visit to Klaipeda on the way. Klaipeda is often called "Gateway to The Sea", because it is the main Seaport of Lithuanian State. City tour including the Old Post Office, historical Old Town full of handicraft shops, the Old Theatre and Simon Dach square are worth seeing.
Drive to National Park of Curonian Spit, which is included to UNESCO World Heritage List. Overnight in Nida.
4th day: Nida - Siauliai - Riga (370 km)
After breakfast sightseeing tour in the National Park of the Curonian Spit - a peculiar unique patch of land, washed by the Baltic Sea in the West and the Curonian Bay in the East side. No one can leave this natural wonder without seeing the great sand dunes. Those who see them for the first time are really breathless and feel the urge to run on and on till the top of the dune, and float down afterwards like a bird on the stretched out wings. During the tour one will see fisherman's village in Nida, Kazimieras Mizgiris museum of Amber.
Continue to Riga in the afternoon. Stopover at the Hill of Crosses - a unique expression of religious feeling of Lithuanian people - near Siauliai. Arrival to Riga in the evening, overnight.
5th day: Riga - Rundale - Riga (170 km)
Riga sightseeing tour after breakfast. The Old Town of Riga is located between Daugava river and the city canal. The Old Town contains a big number of historical buildings, not to mention the Medieval town walls, dating back to the 13th century. During this tour one will also see the Dome Cathedral and St. Peter's Church with it's 120 m tower.
Afternoon tour to Rundâle Palace - the summer residence of Duke of Courland, which was designed by the architect B.F. Rastrelli of Italian - Russian origin, who also designed famous Winter Palace and other great buildings in St. Petersburg, as well as Catharine Castle in Tallinn. Overnight in Riga.
6th day: Riga - Tallinn (300 km)
Departure to Tallinn after breakfast. Visit to Gauja National Park near Sigulda on the way. The surroundings of the park are often named as Latvian Switzerland. Three once famous castles were situated on the hills around. Stopover at the ruins of the 13th century Order of Knights Castle, which was connected with other small buildings by underground passage ways, at the Sculpture park dedicated to Latvian folklore, at Bishop's Castle in Turaida and Gutmann's cave. Trip to Tallinn, overnight.
7th day: Tallinn
Guided tour in Tallinn in the morning. Tallinn's old city has remained much the same from the previous ages, but in a way it has changed more in the past decade than it did in the past 100 years. Vital symbiosis of past and present opens in front of curious spectator's eyes. During the tour one may see the Old Town, the towers "Long Hermann" and "Fat Margarete", the Town Hall, the Dome Cathedral, St. Olav's and St. Nikolay's Churches.
Trip to Ethnographical Open Air Museum Rocca-al-Mare in the afternoon. All aspects of Estonian rural architecture are exhibited there, with houses of rich and poor, it now consists of 70 buildings. Overnight in Tallinn.
Free afternoon to enjoy Tallinn's spirit. Transfer to airport. Departure.
E-mail: delta@deltatours.lt Copyright &copy2013 Deltatours. All rights reserved.


The N.C. Community Sailing & Rowing Center, based at Blythe Landing Park on Lake Norman, received $5,000 from the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation to help pay for three recently purchased access dinghies for its adaptive sailing program. 704-947-7245 (SAIL); www.nccsailrow.org.
The Davidson Board of Commissioners honored Town Attorney Rick Kline with a plaque last week for his 35 years of service with the town.
The Depot, 103 W. Center Ave., will host an Art Express Creative Summer Art Camp beginning at 9 a.m. Monday for ages 5 through 7 and June 27 for ages 8 through 10. Classes for ages 11 through 14 and jewelry-making classes will be in July. Apply at www.magart.org or at the Depot.
Troutman Police Chief Matthew Selves has been appointed to the Executive Committee of the North Carolina Police Executives Association. The association advances police administration and crime prevention, fosters cooperation among North Carolina police departments and promotes enlistment, training unity and police efficiency.
The Statesville City Council has approved a change in local law that will allow menu boards in the city that are currently limited to 32 square feet to be increased to 52 square feet. The larger size will allow restaurants to display expanded menus and calorie information for their customers.
Catawba Riverkeeper David Merryman will discuss the upcoming Secchi Dip-In project, an international effort to improve water quality, at the Lake Norman Covekeepers meeting at 7 p.m. Thursday at the East Lincoln Fire Department, 406 S. Pilot Knob Road, Denver, just south of the intersection with N.C. 73. Details: Ben Benoit, 704-489-6249.
The Westport Community Association in Denver will host its annual July Fourth parade on July 2. Details: Ken Andrews, 704-489-6099; kenand65@charter.net.


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Driving the Richardson Highway, Fairbanks to Gakona
Post on: January 23, 2016
Headed south from Fairbanks, the Richardson Highway gets more beautiful, the further you drive. You're truly out in the wilderness on this road — but there are a couple of noteworthy towns, and important places to stop. The Alaska Highway ends along this road, at Delta Junction. And, there's an interesting historical site that's worth visiting, at Big Delta — the confluence of the Delta and Tanana Rivers.
The Richardson Highway runs from Fairbanks to Valdez, Alaska. Leaving Fairbanks, it's numbered as Alaska 2. At Delta Junction, Alaska 2 turns east, and Richardson Highway continues as Alaska 4. It was the first major road built in Alaska, carrying wagons in the 1910's and automobiles as early as the 1920's. The road was paved in 1957.
Leaving Fairbanks doesn't mean leaving civilization behind, at least not for the first few miles. The suburbs of Fairbanks extend into the next town, North Pole…
… where Santa has a thriving souvenir business. Santa Claus House is worth a stop, at least for first-time visitors, and the rest of the town also does a nice job with the Christmas theme.
Once I left Santa Claus House in North Pole, I drove for a while…
… then stopped at the Knotty Shop. No, not the Naughty Shop (I found that one on the other side of Fairbanks). The Knotty Shop is filled with Alaskan souvenirs, including all kinds of creations made from knotty wood. I wrote much more about Santa Claus House and the Knotty Shop on a separate page.
South of the Knotty Shop, the terrain isn't thrilling. You're driving through the Tanana River Valley (also home to Fairbanks), so the landscape is wide and flat, and there are plenty of trees to block any grand views.
There is some excitement along this stretch of road, though, thanks to the nearby Eielson Air Force Base. You'll probably see some fighter jets streaking through the sky.
There are several spots along the road where you can see the Tanana River…
… and eventually, some bigger mountains come into view, towards the south.
I stopped at Quartz Lake, because I had heard that there were some good hiking trails there. But, once I got there, I didn't feel much like hiking, and some dark clouds looked threatening. So I continued…
… to the Tanana River crossing. It's here that the Tanana River meets up with the Delta River. From here south, the road will be following the Delta River.
Cross the bridge and take a left, to visit the Big Delta State Historical Park. On the property, you'll find a historic roadhouse and a WAMCATS (telegraph) station, along with all the other workings necessary to run a remote outpost in the early 20th century. I'll give you a full tour of the Big Delta State Historical Park on a separate page.
From Big Delta, it's just a short drive down the Richardson Highway to Delta Junction…
… where you'll find an important landmark. This is the spot where the Alaska Highway ends. Turn here, and in just 1,400 miles or so, you'll be in Dawson Creek, British Columbia (the start of the highway), and from there, it's a mere 800 more miles to Seattle, Washington. I'll give you a closer look at this famous mile-marker on a separate page.
I really, really, really should have filled up my gas tank in Delta Junction. It's the last place on the Richardson Highway that's big enough to have a gas station (with the exception of a handful of one-pump, maybe-open, maybe-closed all-purpose stores along the way) until you get to Glennallen, 154 miles away. Because I included a lengthy out-and-back detour onto the Denali Highway, I came frighteningly close to running out of gas.
The best part of the Richardson Highway, in my opinion, is south of Delta Junction. Along this stretch, the trees are smaller, which allows the views to be grander. The road has some lengthy straight stretches, but there are enough curves and hills to give you some awesome views.
In many places, the road runs near the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, or TAPS, giving you ample opportunities to stop and admire this engineering wonder.
Eventually the road plunges into the mountains. On the day of my visit, more mountains meant more clouds. Every time I was in a flat landscape, there was blue sky overhead, but when the scenery cranked up, so did the grey skies. Even though I was dodging occasional showers, this was still a beautiful drive.
Watch for a plaque honoring Brigadier General Wilds Preston Richardson, the road's namesake, at one particularly nice overlook turnout. Despite a couple of bullet holes, the plaque has survived nicely, ever since being placed here in 1932.
Shortly after this spot, the Richardson Highway skirts the edge of Summit Lake (you'll see it in the Drivelapse video, below). Then, you arrive at Paxson.
There isn't much at Paxson, aside from an abandoned building and an important junction. The Denali Highway begins here, and heads west to Cantwell, Alaska and the George Parks Highway.
Alaska Route 8 is mostly dirt, and it's closed in the winter and spring, until the snow melts. I detoured out the Denali Highway to Maclaren Pass, then returned to Paxson, and that's when I discovered my gas tank was nearly empty.
With only fumes in the tank, I didn't waste any time taking pictures for the rest of the drive south to my stopping point for the night, in Gakona, Alaska, at the Gakona Roadhouse. That final hour of driving was pretty un-scenic, anyway. The road was monotonous and tree-lined.
Beyond Gakona and the Tok Cutoff junction, the next "big" town is Glennallen, on the Glenn Highway. If you continue to follow the Richardson Highway, you'll end up in Valdez. Sadly, I didn't have enough time on this trip to drive down to Valdez and back. I'll get there the next time.
Drivelapse Video
Here's the drive from North Pole to Delta Junction…
… and from Delta Junction to Paxson…
… and from Paxson to Gakona:
Tags: ak2ak4ak8alaskaalaska highwaybig deltadelta junctiondenali highwayend of the Alaska Highwayknotty shopRichardson Highwaysanta claus housescenic drivescenic roadtanana river
Knotty and Nice: Visiting Santa at North Pole, Alaska, and then the Knotty Shop
Big Delta State Historical Park, Richardson Highway, Alaska
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text:
Jay Sean Leaves Cash Money and Premieres 'Tears in the Ocean' Video
The best selling Urban artist in the history of the UK
Jay Sean is leaving Cash Money Records and independently releasing a mixtape, Mistress II, in November. Here is a new video for the song "Tears in the Ocean," which will appear on the tape next month. Check it out below:
Sean only has kind words for his former label. "I had and still maintain a great relationship with Slim and Baby [CEOs of Cash Money]," he tells Billboard. "They believed in me and my talent and our partnership obviously garnered a lot of pop success." But Sean wants to go in a different direction artistically. "It got to the point where I was chasing pop success and 'the smash' when really my heart wasn't in it anymore," he says. "That's not why I got into this game." Cash Money is the second label that Jay Sean has left -- he was on Virgin Records for a spell during the '00s.
"When Sade drops a new album," Sean points out, "you know she's not going to be suddenly singing over a EDM beat produced by the hottest DJ at the time or jumpin' on the bandwagon of what the latest 'sound' is." "You should be able to do you," he adds. "That's what differentiates an artist from a singer."
credits: billboard.com


text:
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/lisinge/valid_email2.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/lisinge/valid_email2)
[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/valid_email2.png)](http://badge.fury.io/rb/valid_email2)

Validate emails with the help of the `mail` gem instead of some clunky regexp.
Aditionally validate that the domain has a MX record.
Optionally validate against a static [list of disposable email services](vendor/disposable_emails.yml).

### Why?

There are lots of other gems and libraries that validates email addresses but most of them use some clunky regexp.
I also saw a need to be able to validate that the email address is not coming from a "disposable email" provider.

### Is it production ready?

Yes, it is used in several production apps.

## Installation

Add this line to your application's Gemfile:

```ruby
gem "valid_email2"
```

And then execute:

    $ bundle

Or install it yourself as:

    $ gem install valid_email2

## Usage

### Use with ActiveModel

If you just want to validate that it is a valid email address:
```ruby
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates :email, presence: true, email: true
end
```

To validate that the domain has a MX record:
```ruby
validates :email, email: { mx: true }
```

To validate that the domain is not a disposable email:
```ruby
validates :email, email: { disposable: true }
```

To validate that the domain is not blacklisted (under vendor/blacklist.yml):
```ruby
validates :email, email: { blacklist: true }
```

All together:
```ruby
validates :email, email: { mx: true, disposable: true }
```

> Note that this gem will let an empty email pass through so you will need to
> add `presence: true` if you require an email

### Use without ActiveModel

```ruby
address = ValidEmail2::Address.new("lisinge@gmail.com")
address.valid? => true
address.disposable? => false
address.valid_mx? => true
```

### Test environment

If you are validating `mx` then your specs will fail without an internet connection.
It is a good idea to stub out that validation in your test environment.
Do so by adding this in your `spec_helper`:
```ruby
config.before(:each) do
  allow_any_instance_of(ValidEmail2::Address).to receive(:valid_mx?) { true }
end
```

## Requirements

This gem requires Rails 3.2 or 4.0. It is tested against both versions using:
* Ruby-1.9
* Ruby-2.0
* Ruby-2.1
* Ruby-2.2
* JRuby-1.9

## Contributing

1. Fork it
2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
5. Create new Pull Request

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hi guys, I have a piece of not-so-good news for you guys >< I'm going to be in Japan starting next week and I'll be gone for 3 weeks. I won't be able to TL anything during this period so right now I'm trying to churn out as many chapters of mob and ossan idol as I can so they can be posted even when I'm gone.
As usual, Miroku was commuting to the gym while wearing a T-shirt and a pair of jeans; but this time around, he was also wearing a hat and a pair of black-rimmed spectacles.
While thinking about how useful the hat and glasses were, Miroku ascended the stairs to the fifth floor of the gym building with light steps. This feat did not disrupt his breathing as he greeted one of the male trainers there.
Miroku headed towards the training room while feeling warm and happy inside. There, he saw his acquaintance, the [formerly 150kg] Yoichi-san.
Just as he was about to greet Yoichi-san as he usually did, he stopped dead in his tracks. Yoichi-san, who always had a bright smile on his face, was currently sporting a troubled look with his smartphone in hand.
Kisaragi Yoichi, 41 years old, works at a small talent agency.
There are talented individuals in his agency, so they caught the eye of a popular fashion magazine publisher. The agency secured a spot in the magazine to showcase one of their models.
However, in the past week, a nasty cold was spreading around and the model in question collapsed from it. The model was sent to the hospital, and was told to [Take your time to recover] but the fact remains that the talent agency was in serious trouble.
Just as Yoichi was about to request help from other talent agencies, Miroku showed up.
Yoichi's choice of words were excellent. He made it sound as though just being tall was enough and other aspects (e.g. the face) were not important.
It was only when he saw Yoichi in a pinch that Miroku realised that Yoichi was the one who always gave him advice when he was troubled.
「Sorry, I didn't even realise that you were troubled…. Alright. I'm expecting a handsome pay though!
Mixing a joke in, Miroku smiled while Yoichi, who succeeded in baiting him, smiled back.
The sight of Yoichi pulling out his phone in glee made Miroku feel uneasy, but he convinced himself that he was helping others in need and thus roused his spirits.
Yoichi's niece, Fumi, had soft-looking hair that extended to her shoulders, and she greeted Miroku cheerfully.
He found out that she was a university student, and thought 'it sure is nice to be young', as he got into the minivan.
While muttering that Yoichi didn't mention it, she took out a magazine from the leather bag.
When she heard the shocking truth, Fumi cried out, even though she was driving..
The two of them were trembling with astonishment. Having undergone Mihachi's cosmetics experimentation, Miroku's skin had been rejuvenated without him noticing. This was the result of the incredible product developed by Mihachi.
In this manner of stacking coincidences on each other, Miroku began ascending the stairway to fame.
Has the sister come up with some new formula, mixing other formules for a great result or is she just that great at it?
If it's 1 or 2, she could make a fortune by selling it, if it's 3 she should have her own salon.
Love this so much… Love your translation too.
I got a massive fluffy feelings from this novel.
Enjoy your trip to japan and remember to take some pictures to share!
Thank you for the chapter, looks like people are going to be constantly surprised by his age.
Correction; "We'll reach soon"; should be "We'll arrive soon" or "get there soon"; but arrive sounds better and more to the point.


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Feature Illustration (above): Aerial map of the location of the future Northwest Commerce Park. Image: Google Earth.
Fort Worth (Denton County) — Stream Realty Partners expects to break ground in February on Northwest Commerce Park, a 66-acre industrial park in north Fort Worth.
The real estate development company capitalized the three-building project through a joint venture with an undisclosed global institutional investor. Upon completion, the facilities will deliver 1.1 million square feet of rentable space for industrial users.
Northwest Commerce Park (NCP) is located 1.25 miles from the Interstate 35W/State Highway 114 intersection. The location will provide future tenants quick access to Fort Worth's primary north-south artery. Additionally, the development sits within minutes of the Alliance BNSF Intermodal, Alliance Airport and the UPS and FedEx hubs.
Architectural rendering of the Northwest Commerce Park. Courtesy: Stream.
The construction phase will be supervised by Albert Jarrell, managing director of the company's construction division. Koschak, Green and Forrest Cook will oversee leasing.
The property is adjacent to the Texas Motor Speedway west side parking field. Access would be from SH 114. According to the Denton County Appraisal District, ownership is assigned to Northwest Comerce Park Owner LLC [sic].
Edited from a Stream press release and other sources.


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text:
Pope's Talk With Superiors General --© Il Sismografo
The Consecrated: Pope Appeals to Live Gospel "Without Sedatives"
The Example of Religious for the Renewal of the Church
February 10, 2017 14:44Anne KurianPope and Holy See
"The Gospel must be taken without sedatives!" said Pope Francis to Superiors General on November 25, 2016, in the Vatican, appealing to live their religious consecration in all its radicalness. These proposals, which remained private, were published in the Italian edition of L'Osservatore Romano on February 10, 2017. The Pontiff also spoke of the role of religious in the renewal of the Church and of the need to discern the affective maturity of postulants.
In a three-hour exchange with 140 Superiors General of masculine Religious Congregations, the Holy Father encouraged consecrated persons to be "radicals in prophecy." It is "the famous sine glossa [literally 'without gloss'], the Rule without gloss, the Gospel without gloss," he explained. "That is to say, without sedatives! The Gospel must be taken without sedatives. It's what our Founders did."
In other words, he continued, "we are called to come out of our zones of comfort and security, of all that is worldliness: in the way of life, but also in thinking of new ways for our Institutes (…). We must recognize personally and communally what our worldliness is."
Asceticism itself can be worldly, warned Pope Francis: the hair shirt – garment of mortification – "must not help me to show how courageous and strong I am. Veritable asceticism must make me freer." This is the criteria: "If something helps one, do it, even the hair shirt! But only if it helps you to be freer."
Before the Superiors present at the Vatican, in the framework of the 88th General Assembly of the Union of Superiors General, the Jesuit Pontiff also evoked life in community.
An antidote to the "princely" atmosphere
The religious, he assured, can contribute "to the renewal of structures and of the mentality of the Church." In fact, their example can "destroy the harmful atmosphere," "worldly and princely" that slips into ecclesial structures.
However, for this to happen, the Religious must be "fully inserted in the diocesan Churches. Their "style of life" is a source of inspiration, said the Pontiff mentioning, for instance, the communal life of diocesan priests, to avoid solitude.
"One can study and re-think so many things," he said, mentioning notably "the time of service as parish priest, which seems brief to me: priests are changed too easily."
Consecrated persons should also give an example of poverty: "The Lord so wants Religious to be poor," he added, before joking: "When they are not, the Lord sends a bursar who leads the Institute to bankruptcy!"
In this context, the fundamental criteria for a bursar is to not be attached personally to money. It is also necessary to verify how the banks invest the money. There must never be investments in arms, for example, never," he added.
Discernment on affective maturity
During the discussion, the Pontiff also addressed the question of sexual abuses committed within ecclesial structures: "If priests or Religious are implicated, it is clear that the presence of the devil, who ruins Jesus' work by the intermediary of him who should proclaim Jesus, is in action."
"It is a sickness. If we are not convinced that it is a sickness, we will not be able to solve the problem," stressed the Pope. Hence, it is necessary to be careful not to receive candidates "in the formation to the religious life without being certain of their adequate affective maturity." And "never receive in religious life or in a diocese candidates who have been sent from another seminary or from another Institute, without asking for very clear and detailed information on the reasons for their being sent."
The Church was born "outgoing"
"The Church was born outgoing," Pope Francis reminded the Superiors General. She was shut in in the Cenacle and then she went out. And she must remain outgoing. She must not return to shut herself in the Cenacle."
The Holy Father encouraged the Superiors to act in favor of the poor of the "existential and social peripheries," among others, the reception of migrants and refugees. In this service, he noted, "it is possible to find an excellent terrain for the ecumenical dialogue: it is the poor that unite the divided Christians!"
"Mercy is God going out," added the Pope. You, too, must go out!"
It was the Jesuit Review La Civilta Cattolica that made the transcription of this long dialogue, which remained private up to now.
February 10, 2017 14:44Pope and Holy See
About Anne Kurian
Pope's Address to Charity and Health Commission of Italian Episcopal Conference (Full Text)
Synod 2018: "Young People Find the Lord in Action"