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Молочна війна — торговий конфлікт між Росією та Білоруссю в червні 2009 року. Росія та Білорусь мають тісні економічні стосунки, і конфлікт виник через те, що Росія нібито намагалася виплатити Білорусі 500 мільйонів доларів США за визнання незалежності Абхазії та Південної Осетії. Росія також висловила зацікавленість у приватизації білоруської молочної галузі. Білорусь відповіла на це перемовами з Європейським Союзом щодо сертифікації білоруського молока відповідно до норм ЄС. Тоді Росія заборонила ввезення молочних продуктів з Білорусі, посилаючись на їх ймовірну невідповідність санітарним нормам. Торговий конфлікт закінчився 17 червня 2009 року, коли Росія заявила, що скасовує заборону.

Пізніше, в 2009 році, тодішній білоруський президент Олександр Лукашенко висловив жаль через те, що не підтримав Росію і не визнав Абхазію та Південну Осетію. Палата представників Білорусі направила місію до цих спірних регіонів, щоб з'ясувати, чи має Білорусь надавати дипломатичне визнання цим державним утворенням. Грузія протестувала проти цієї місії і закликала Білорусь не визнавати їх. Росія продовжила свою "чекову дипломатію" та, імовірно, платила або надавала військову підтримку Венесуелі, Науру, Вануату, Тувалу та Сирії взамін на визнання Абхазії або Південної Осетії незалежними державами.

Росія погрожувала черговою Молочною війною в 2013 році. Також, в червні 2017 та в 2018–2019 роках Росія відновлювала тимчасові заборони на білоруські молочні продукти. Російські була занепокоєна західними санкціями, які нібито дозволяють Білорусі скористатися російським ринком, виробляючи продукцію нижчої якості. Своєю чергою, білоруські виробники заявляли, що Росія виставила проти них жорсткі перепони. Білорусь протестувала проти цих торгових війн, заявляючи, що вони сприяють міжнародній ізоляції країни.

Передумови

Білорусь та Росія є двома пострадянськими державами-сусідами, які пов'язані договором про Союзну державу Росії та Білорусі. Напруженість між ними почала загострюватись наприкінці 2006 року, коли Росія збільшила ціну на газ для Білорусі, а Білорусь почала перемовини з Європейським Союзом. Білорусь приєдналася до «Східного партнерства», ініціативи щодо поліпшення економічних та політичних відносин між ЄС та шістьма пострадянськими державами. Було скасовано заборону на поїздки білоруського президента Олександра Лукашенко до ЄС, попри те що він зберіг цю посаду завдяки фальсифікаціям на виборах президента Білорусі 2006 року.

Після російсько-грузинської війни 2008 року Росія визнала незалежність Абхазії та Південної Осетії. На Білорусь чинився тиск щодо визнання Абхазії та Південної Осетії незалежними державами. На той час лише Росія та Нікарагуа надали дипломатичне визнання цим двом формуванням. Білорусь їх не визнала і розпочала переговори зі США щодо звільнення політичних в'язнів.

Подібні "війни" проводились не лише проти Білорусі, а й проти інших країн. У періоди напруженості відносин Росії із відповідними країнами заборонялись м'ясні продукти з Польщі, вино з Молдови, рибні консерви з Латвії та більшість сільськогосподарських продуктів з Грузії.

Торгівельна суперечка

Візит Путіна до Мінська

29 травня 2009 року тодішній російський прем'єр-міністр Володимир Путін відвідав Мінськ і запропонував останні 500 мільйонів доларів США з кредиту розміром в 2.4 мільярди доларів за умови, що позика буде виплачена в російських рублях. Лукашенко заявляв, що умовою отримання позики було визнання Білоруссю незалежності Абхазії та Південної Осетії. Російські урядовці заперечували це і заморозили позику, при цьому російський політик Олексій Кудрін висловив занепокоєння, стверджуючи, що Білорусь не може дозволити собі бути економічно незалежною до кінця року. Розчарована економічною залежністю від Росії, Білорусь відмовилася від кредиту. Після відмови від російського кредиту, Білорусь отримала 1 мільярд доларів кредиту від Міжнародного валютного фонду.

Під час візиту, російські урядовці також хотіли домовитись про приватизацію найбільших білоруських виробників молочної продукції. Білорусь негайно відреагувала на це розпочавши переговори з ЄС щодо сертифікації білоруських молочних продуктів відповідно до норм ЄС. Росія, своєю чергою, відреагувала, давши доручення санітарним лікарям на чолі з головним санітарним лікарем Геннадієм Оніщенком перевірити білоруську продукцію. Онищенко заявив, що білоруські молочні продукти не мають належної сертифікації, і порадив російському уряду заборонити весь пов'язаний з ними імпорт. Російські ЗМІ розпочали трансляцію заяв про те, що білоруські молочні продукти становлять небезпеку для здоров'я.

Заборона молочних продуктів, бойкот ОДКБ та переговори
«Нью-Йорк таймс» описує російські перевірки на відповідність санітарним нормам як "зброю в геополітичних суперечках", яку Росія зазвичай використовує в своїх торгових суперечках. 6 червня 2009 року Росія заборонила близько 1200 одиниць молочних продуктів з Білорусі. Заборона була розцінена як серйозна шкода для білоруської молочної галузі, 95 відсотків експорту якої йде до Росії. Однак, білоруський уряд заявив, що "важко зрозуміти, чому ця продукція була заборонена таким гучним та демонстративним способом", нагадуючи, що Росія ніколи не сертифікувала їх для імпорту. Російський уряд заперечували політичний характер заборони. New York Times, Politico та The Sunday Times назвали цей торговий конфлікт "молочною війною".

Лукашенко попросив своїх радників скласти список потенційних економічних загроз, якими Росія може загрожувати Білорусі. Білоруське міністерство закордонних справ заявило, що заборона є "дискримінаційним торговим обмеженням, що порушує міжнародні угоди". Міністерство закордонних справ також заявило про наміри Лукашенка бойкотувати саміт ОДКБ в Москві. Саміт був призначений для підписання угоди про колективну безпеку. Росія розглядала саміт як критично важливий для протидії впливу НАТО та західних країн на пострадянські держави. Лукашенко засудив підписання, аргументуючи це тим, що будь-яка угода є нелегітимною без участі всіх держав-членів: на саміті також не було представників Узбекистану.

17 червня 2009 року Росія оголосила, що заборона білоруських молочних продуктів буде скасована наступного дня. Путін пояснив, що причиною "молочної війни" була кількість імпортованих молочних продуктів, не згадуючи проблем з якістю, які раніше вказувались як причина заборони. Кількість білоруських молочних продуктів, дозволених до ввезення в Росію, згодом подвоїлася. Білорусь демонтувала митні пункти, створені під час Молочної війни, та відкликала митників, розміщених на білорусько-російському кордоні. Після скасування заборони Ендрю Вілсон з аналітичного центру Європейської ради з міжнародних відносин оголосив Лукашенко переможцем Молочної війни, але висловив занепокоєння щодо перспектив довгострокового виживання Білорусі.

Наслідки

Білоруська місія до Абхазії та Південній Осетії
В липні 2009 року білоруське міністерство закордонних справ видало попередження, в якому зазначалося, що громадяни повинні в'їжджати в Абхазію та Південну Осетію лише через Грузію. У вересні 2009 році Лукашенко заявив, що Білорусь повинна була визнати Абхазію та Південну Осетію незалежними державами та підтримати Росію. Лукашенко звинуватив росіян в "полюванні на відьом" за скасований кредит в 500 мільйонів доларів і заявив, що "деякі в російському керівництві просто хотіли нас нагнути і взагалі, не надто вже й хотіли, щоб ми визнавали ці республіки".

В жовтні 2009 року Лукашенко високо оцінив відносини Білорусі з Абхазією та Південною Осетією та заявив, що йому потрібно вивчити їх ситуацію, перш ніж прийняти рішення про визнання їх незалежності. Голова Палати представників Республіки Білорусь Володимир Андрейченко заявив, що "проведе об'єктивну оцінку" щодо Абхазії та Південної Осетії. Пізніше цього місяця Лукашенко висловив свою думку, що Росії в тій ситуації не лишалося іншого вибору, окрім як визнати незалежність Абхазії та Південної Осетії на основі "їхніх прав на самовизначення". В листопаді 2009 року Білорусь направила депутатів парламенту до Грузії, Абхазії та Південної Осетії для проведення дослідження. Грузія відреагувала на це закликом до Білорусі не визнавати спірні регіони незалежними державами.

Події після 2009 року

В грудні 2010 року зі злитого американського дипломатичного листування стало відомо, що Лукашенко скаржився на те, що Європейський Союз не був йому вдячний достатньо за протидію російському тиску щодо визнання Абхазії та Південної Осетії. В повідомленні також вказувалося, що Лукашенко висловив занепокоєння тим, що зростання цін на російський газ змусить Білорусь визнати Абхазію та Південну Осетію. В березні 2014 року, після окупації Криму Росією, Лукашенко прирівняв позицію Білорусі щодо визнання спірного статусу Криму до позиції щодо Абхазії та Південної Осетії. Лукашенко заявив: "Крим, як і Осетія, Абхазія та інші регіони, не є незалежною державою. Сьогодні Крим є де-факто частиною Російської Федерації. Незалежно від того, визнаєте ви це чи ні, факт залишається фактом". В березні 2018 року, Паата Шешелідзе, президент «Нової економічної школи - Грузія», повідомив, що Грузія постійно платить Білорусі за невизнання Абхазії та Південної Осетії.

Російська "чекова" дипломатія
З часів Молочної війни Росія займалася "чековою дипломатією" і платила багатьом державам за визнання ними незалежності Абхазії та Південної Осетії. У вересні 2009 року Венесуела стала третьою державою, яка визнала Абхазію та Південну Осетію незалежними. Через тиждень Росія підписала з Венесуелою "багатомільярдну угоду щодо економічної співпраці та торгівлі зброєю", яку Джеймстаунський фонд назвав "оплатою за визнання". В грудні 2009 року острівна тихоокеанська держава Науру стала четвертою державою, яка визнала Абхазію та Південну Осетію незалежними, що, за твердженням уряду Грузії, було отримано в обмін на 50 мільйонів доларів інвестицій з Росії. В травні 2011 року інша острівна тихоокеанська держава Вануату визнала Абхазію. Вануатський політик Джо Натуман заявив, що Росія надала Вануату 50 мільйонів доларів за це визнання.

В жовтні 2011 року вже третя острівна тихоокенаська держава Тувалу визнала Абхазію та Південну Осетію, але пізніше відкликала це визнання в березні 2014 року, після того, як Грузія запропонувала Тувалу 250 000 доларів. Грузія також подарувала Фіджі 200 комп'ютерів для того, щоб ця держава продовжувала не визнанавати Абхазію та Південну Осетію. В травні 2018 року Сирія визнала Абхазію та Південну Осетію. Росія надає сирійському уряду військову підтримку в громадянській війні з 2015 року.

Подальші торгові суперечки

Погрози в 2013 році та тимчасова заборона в 2017 році
В серпні 2013 року Владислав Баумгертнер, генеральний директор російського виробника калію "Уралкалій", був заарештований у Мінську за причетність до злочинної схеми після того, як Білорусь запросила його на переговори. Через два дні Оніщенко знову висловив занепокоєння щодо якості білоруських молочних продуктів. Це оголошення було розцінено як помста за арешт Баумгертнера і викликало занепокоєння щодо можливості початку Другої молочної війни. В жовтні 2013 року Росія заборонила імпорт молочної продукції з Литви, причому Оніщенко посилався на проблеми з якістю. Заборона сприймалась як спроба здійснити політичний тиск на Литву, яка тоді головувала в Раді Європейського Союзу і планувала проведення саміту, який мав забезпечити тісніші економічні зв'язки з кількома колишніми радянськими державами. Росія в грудні 2013 року оголосила про наміри скасувати заборону після того, як Литва почала погрожувала подати скаргу до Світової організації торгівлі. В січні 2014 року обмеження було знято.

В 2014 році ЄС та США ввели санкції проти Росії через окупацію Криму. Росія у відповідь на це заборонила ввезення певних видів продуктів із західних країн. Пізніше, Росія звинуватила Білорусь у використанні цієї ситуації на свою користь. Росія стверджувала що Білорусь почала поставляти на російські ринки неякісні товари, тоді як білоруські виробники заявляли, що Росія навмисно створила торгові бар'єри. В червні 2017 року Росія заборонила ввезення сиру, виробленого білоруськими компаніями "Бєлсир" та "Щучинський вершковий завод", посилаючись на порушення умов маркування. Пізніше цього місяця Росія скасувала заборону. Із 2016 до 2017 року експорт білоруських молочних продуктів до Росії зменшився на 12.8%.

Заборона молочних продуктів 2018–2019 років
16 лютого 2018 року президент Татарстану Рустам Мінніханов зустрівся з російським прем'єр-міністром Дмитром Медведєвим і висловив занепокоєння тим, що місцеві фермери зазнають збитків, оскільки посилилось виробництво молочної продукції на основі дешевого сухого молока з Білорусі. 20 лютого Медведєв зробив заяву що Росія має визначити пріоритети щодо своєї вітчизняної молочної галузі, зокрема в Татарстані, замість того, щоб залежати від інших членів Євразійського економічного союзу. Медведєв доручив віцепрем'єру Аркадію Дворковичу підготувати план економічних дій щодо молочної галузі. Через два дні Росія тимчасово заборонила деякі білоруські молочні продукти, посилаючись на проблеми із дотриманням санітарних норм.

1 березня 2018 року Лукашенко визнав що заборона існує. 24 квітня 2018 року він виступив зі зверненням і рокритикував як західні країни, так і Росію, за сприяння ізоляції Білорусі. У своєму зверненні Лукашенко засудив "молочні, м'ясні та цукрові війни, які наш найближчий партнер розпочав проти нас, щоб заблокувати нашим товарам вихід на російський ринок". Ціни на російське сухе молоко зросли влітку 2018 року. В травні 2019 року було скасовано заборону на ввезення молока з Білорусі до Росії. Однак заборона на деякі білоруські молочні продукти залишалась ще деякий час.

Хроніка подій
 29 травня російські санітарні служби надіслали білоруському уряду листа, в якого згадували про неприпустимість порушення російського законодавства та про приведення імпортованих продуктів до російських стандартів.
 5 червня Лукашенко після зустрічі з Медведєвим під час інтерв'ю журналістам заявив, що росіяни хочуть забрати собі білоруські підприємства, але він цього не допустить.
 5 червня Путін згадав, що білоруські сільськогосподарські підприємства отримують більше державних субсидій, ніж російські. Тому в Росії для них кращі умови. Щоб запобігти знищенню російської молочної галузі, Путін закликав створити однакові умови для виробників молочної продукції в Білорусі та в Росії.
 6 червня Росспоживнагляд заборонив ввіз до Росії близько 500 видів білоруських молочних продуктів.
 8 червня припинено поставки ще 593 найменувань білоруських молочних продуктів.
 13 червня Лукашенко ввечері проводить екстрене засідання з урядом Білорусі і наранок скасовує свій рейс до Москви на засідання Ради колективної безпеки ОДКБ. На цій нараді Лукашенко поставив перед митною та прикордонною службами завдання накласти такі самі обмеження, як і на російській стороні. Пояснення позиції Білорусі направлено уряду Казахстану.
 14 червня саміт ОДКБ відбувся без участі білоруської сторони. Медведєв прокоментував це так: Білорусь повернеться і все підпише. Білоруська влада визнала саміт та всі підписані там загальні документи безпеки нелегітимними. Учасникам саміту було передано ноту, в якій зазначено, що відсутність білоруського підпису означає відсутність згоди Білорусі на прийняття рішень, що розглядаються цими органами, і, відповідно, відсутність консенсусу щодо прийняття рішень.
 15 червня міністр сільського господарства Росії Олена Скринник оголосила, що Білорусь готова припинити постачання сухого молока в Росію на півроку.
 16 червня Геннадій Оніщенко заявив, що Росія бере тайм-аут на постачання молочної продукції з Білорусі, оскільки пояснення білоруської делегації в Москві та заяви чиновників і засобів масової інформації Білорусі різняться. Білоруську делегацію відкликали з Москви. Олександр Шпілевський, голова Білоруського митного комітету, заявив, що з 9:00 17 червня Білорусь запровадить більш жорсткий режим контролю за переміщенням товарів на великих російсько-білоруських магістралях.
 17 червня вранці на кордоні між Білоруссю та Росією були встановлені білоруські митні пункти. Згідно із заявою державного секретаря Ради безпеки Білорусі Юрія Жадобіна, рішення білоруської влади було "симетричною відповіддю" на дії російської сторони. Міністр сільського господарства Росії Олена Скринник заявила, що консультації та переговори з Білоруссю закінчились позитивно, і досягнуто домовленості, які задовольняють обидві сторони. За словами Скринник, сторони домовились припинити поставки сухого молока з Білорусі до Росії у 2-му та 3-му кварталах 2009 року, але збільшити імпорт білоруського сиру та масла відповідно до потреб Росії. Приблизно в той же час заступник міністра сільського господарства та продовольства Білорусі Михайло Савельєв заявив, що спроби порозумітися зі Росспоживнаглядом все ще не мали успіху. Увечері БелТА повідомила, що проблема поставок білоруських молочних продуктів була вирішена в результаті переговорів у Москві між керівниками білоруських міністерств сільського господарства та охорони здоров'я Семеном Шапірою та Василем Жарко з однієї сторони, та керівником Росспоживнагляду Геннадієм Оніщенко з іншої, що було оформлено протоколом. Пізніше заступник голови Державного митного комітету Білорусі Сергій Борисюк заявив, що Державний митний комітет Білорусі знімає посилений контроль за переміщенням товарів з Росії, який був введений раніше. Геннадій Оніщенко заявив, що "молочна війна" між Росією та Білоруссю закінчилася, оскільки сторонам вдалося домовитись щодо всіх спірних питань.
 18 червня Росія дозволила імпорт 131 із понад 600 найменувань білоруських молочних продуктів, які раніше були заборонені. Білоруські виробники молочної продукції відновили поставки до Росії вранці 18 червня. Одразу після підписання угоди про постачання білоруських молочних продуктів до Росії стало відомо, що "Газпром" вимагав від "Белтрансгазу" ліквідувати борг на суму 230 млн. доларів за газ, поставлений у період з січня до квітня. Перший заступник міністра енергетики Білорусі Е. Таупянець заявив, що "платежі здійснюються в повному обсязі, виходячи із середньорічної ціни 150 доларів за тисячу кубометрів, як це передбачено угодами на найвищому рівні".

Див. також
 Російсько-білоруський енергетичний конфлікт, 2006
 Російсько-саудівська нафтова війна

Примітки

Червень 2009
Торговельні війни
Білорусько-російські відносини
2009 у Росії
2009 у Білорусі
2009 у політиці


Synopsis They are just a young couple on their honeymoon in Paris, average young and fit Americans. A closer look, under the layer of make-up, finds the restlessness, the hidden menace, the nightmares, the sickly symptoms, the extremely white throats and very naked morbid arms. The third look knows that there is something wrong with him, Shane. They are not going to Paris to celebrate anything, they are in search of a couple of friends with whom Shane shared an experiment as a guinea pig, a mutation which has turned them into human flesh eaters.


text:
WALLIX Academy
Privileged Access ManagementWALLIX Bastion
Endpoint Privilege ManagementWALLIX BestSafe
Identity-as-a-ServiceWALLIX Trustelem
MFAWALLIX Authenticator
Risk Management & Security
Securing IT/OT Convergence
WALLIX Inside
About WALLIX
WALLIX Bastion
WALLIX Trustelem
2018 Breaches: How PAM Could Have Helped Prevent the Worst of Them
There have been quite a few security breaches to hit the news in 2018. As each story broke, it seemed like it couldn't get worse, only to find that the next data breach was just around the corner, and even more severe, exposing the data of millions of customers worldwide. We have had a few of those this year.
2018: A Year of Breaches
2018 has been a bad year for cybersecurity incidents. Similar to the last few years, there has been a succession of large-scale cyber disruptions and data thefts. Each event is troubling on its face, and when you look at the way the breach was carried out, it's doubly worrisome. You start to understand the true depth of our vulnerability as cybersecurity controls and practices are revealed to be deficient in many major organizations.
Each of the 2018 breaches had its own unique circumstances and causes. However, in each situation, it's possible to see how better management of privileged access could have prevented such a breach. At the very least, having an effective privileged access management (PAM) solution in place could have led SecOps teams to catch the problems earlier and gain a better understanding of the attack before the worst of the impact occurred.
Most 2018 breaches could have been stopped if organizations had privileged access management solutions in place.
2018 Breaches: Reviewing the Worst of a Shocking Year in CyberSecurity
Well, 2018 has certainly been a year of doozies in the data breach category, for well-known and trusted businesses in every sector from retail to transportation and even defense. Here are some of the highlights, or, well, lowlights:
Marriott International – 500,000,000 customer records stolen, including passport numbers and credit card information
Facebook – 50,000,000 sets of user data stolen
Google – 500,000 Google Plus user accounts compromised
US Navy's Naval Undersea Warfare Center – 600GB of top secret, highly-sensitive military information stolen
Saks and Lord & Taylor – 5,000,000 credit card records stolen and offered for sale on the black market
Exactis – 340,000,000 consumer data sets breached, including hundreds of personal details for each person affected
Under Armour – 150,000,000 username and password credentials stolen, affecting users of the MyFitnessPal diet and exercise tracking platform
British Airways – Theft of thousands of complete credit card data sets (name, email, credit card number, expiration date, CVV code)
These incidents come with costs and consequences. Under Armour is facing litigation over its breach. British Airways has promised to compensate victims. The US Navy is trying to figure out how to keep its sailors safe now that Chinese intelligence agencies apparently have secret submarine communication codes. Facebook and Google are embarrassed, their public image as elite engineering organizations now in doubt. And, this list is merely a sampling of serious 2018 breaches. There were many others throughout the year, including massive incidents affecting Panera Bread, the US Army (Strava Fitness App), Orbitz, TicketFly, The Sacramento Bee and on and on. No sector was safe from data breaches.
Between all of the 2018 breaches, billions of people have had their information exposed.
Privileged Access Management (PAM) and Breach Prevention
Some cybersecurity experts say that the attacker will always get through, that it's impossible to defend against a truly determined hacker. There is a great deal of truth to this, but it is definitely possible to mount as robust a defense as possible to deter anyone but the most determined, and to reduce the impact of the breach if it occurs. It is also relatively easy to be diligent, avoiding the easy mistakes that seemed to have enabled quite a few of the bad 2018 breaches.
What is Privileged Access Management?
PAM is an IT discipline that takes on the important task of ensuring that only authorized users can access the administrative back ends of critical systems. A privileged user is a someone (or something) who can control the way a system functions—setting up or modifying user accounts, changing configurations, accessing (or deleting) data, and so forth.
Privileged access management helps organizations control who has access to what systems with tools to monitor and record all actions performed.
From a security perspective, privileged users present a significant risk factor. Whether it's hackers impersonating privileged users or former employees exploiting still-valid login credentials, a privileged user account is a door to real havoc if not properly guarded.
A PAM solution is a software platform that operationalizes PAM principles. It will, for example, enable super-admins to grant and revoke access privileges to users. In the case of the WALLIX Bastion, the PAM solution acts as an intermediary between privileged users and target systems. The user never actually logs into the actual back end, nor does he or she have the password, creating an airlock between users (or stolen user credentials) and sensitive assets.
PAM solutions also monitor and record privileged account sessions. This way, the SecOps team can detect breaches in progress or perform quick forensic analysis of suspicious events. They can answer the key questions that inevitably arise when there is a security incident: Who did what, when, and how?
PAM and the 2018 Breaches
Better access management would have reduced the likelihood of each of these breaches. Or, it could have reduced the impact. In the case of Marriott, one of the worst breaches of all time, an effective PAM solution could have detected the problem a great deal earlier. According to initial reports, Marriott noticed unauthorized attempts to access its databases in September of 2018. This triggered an internal review that finally revealed the true extent of the problem; hackers had been stealing, encrypting and exfiltrating data for four years!
The fog of a merger (between Marriott and Starwood Hotels) was partly to blame. While it's not clear that privileged account abuse was the direct cause of the breach, it's fairly certain that better control over access privileges could have spotted a suspicious database user in less than four years. A good PAM solution gives super-admins an overview of all privileged users and flags suspicious activities automatically, in real-time.
The breaches at Facebook, Google, and the Naval Undersea Warfare Center all have a PAM-related factor in common: the abuse of third-party account access. Facebook and Google were breached using software that connected with the respective platforms. Using APIs, hackers were able to gain access and steal data. The Navy hack occurred via a defense subcontractor, which was allowed to download and store classified military data on its systems.
A PAM solution can (and should) be able to track privileged account access by third parties and employees alike. When a privileged user is outside the organization, that's all the more reason to control and track his or her access. Stronger PAM could have deterred the breaches at Facebook, Google, and the Navy.
The Exactis incident, which was not shown to be an actual breach, seems to have been caused by carelessness and lack of monitoring. Someone, somehow took a huge amount of data out of Exactis and posted it on an unprotected server. We may never know why or how this happened, but the result was comparable to a data breach. A lot of private information was exposed to malicious use. A PAM solution would at least log a record of who removed the data, as well as when and how it happened. If alerts were set up, as is possible with WALLIX, security teams could have been warned that someone was poking around in the database or could have automatically terminated the session. No one can "poke around" without permission as all access passes via the PAM platform.
Website compromises are being blamed for the breaches at British Airways, Under Armour, and Saks/Lord & Taylor. Again, PAM could mitigate this threat. A well-configured and -managed PAM solution restricts access to website admin controls and makes it less likely that a hacker could execute an internal attack. Forensically, PAM makes it easier to track down the problem and disrupt the attack sooner.
How PAM Solutions Mitigate Data Breaches
PAM solutions help mitigate the risk of a data breach through a streamlined, centralized system of privileged access control. They typically embody the following functional areas in a single platform:
Access Management—Governing access to privileged accounts with a single point of policy definition and policy enforcement for privileged account management. A super-admin can add/modify/delete privileged user accounts with granular control over systems and times of access.
Session Management—Tracking and monitoring all actions taken during a privileged account session for future review and auditing with thorough audit logs and recordings. Some session managers can even prevent malicious or unauthorized actions and/or alert Super Admins if suspicious activity is detected in real-time or automatically terminate a session after an unauthorized attempted action.
Password Vaulting—Keeping passwords in a secure and certified "vault." All system access is via the password vault. End users never have direct access to root passwords and the password manager automatically rotates the password after use. This capability mitigates the risk of local overrides on physical devices.
2019 will probably be a year of breaches, too. But, with more focus on cybersecurity countermeasures, including better PAM, perhaps it will be a less catastrophic year.
Don't want your organization to fall victim to a data breach in 2019? Get a live demo of the WALLIX solution or download a free trial.
WALLIX is positioned in Gartner's first Magic Quadrant for PAM
What is the Principle of Least Privilege and How Do You Implement It?
Hidden Risks & Recurring Costs in Access Security
WALLIX Live: Access and Identity in the Digital Transformation
Why Financial Institutions Need Privileged Access Management
Related Resource
WALLIX Live – The State of Security
Go All-In on IT Risk Management with Identity and Access...
Securing Remote Access
Privileged Access Management: Bastion
Endpoint Privilege Management: BestSafe
Identity as a Service: Trustelem
MFA: Authenticator
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Newton Parks and Recreation has teamed up with the West Newton Cinema to offer family movies on Thurs-day April 18th. Special $8.00 pricing includes movie, popcorn, and a drink. Ticket sales start at 10:00 am at the theater with the movies starting at 11:00 am. This event is cash only.
Come and watch a movie with your family!


text:
Lansing Man's Efforts to Make Gardening More Inclusive
Erica Gray
Erica Gray Published: April 9, 2021
Neslihan Gunaydin/Unsplash
Allan Whitley of Lansing is hoping to make farming and gardening more inclusive.
Whitley told FOX 47 that he grew up in a family of farmers and saw gardening as more of a chore when he was a kid but appreciates it now.
My father and my grandfather were farmers not necessarily as a job, but just as a necessity to feed the family. It was one of the chores I kind of fought, but the past few years, it just somehow came back to me.
Whitley started his own garden behind his home and decided he wanted to share tips to educate communities about urban gardening and launched Root of the Vine Urban Garden.
If you've always wanted to start your own garden but didn't know how, the Root of the Vine Urban Garden is full of videos and podcasts on how to get started! There are also starter kits for those who are interested.
Whitley tells FOX 47 that urban gardening and country gardening are different because African American's don't have the same access to federal funding.
There's a difference between urban gardening and the actual rural country gardening as far as dealing with race. As far as how the systems are set up, African Americans don't have all of the access.
In 2017, the US Department of Agriculture census reported that 95% of farmers in the U.S. are white. There are only a little over 45,000 black farmers in the country.
Whitley says that community gardening can fill that gap and help individuals feel more empowered in their own backyard.
For more information on creating your own garden, visit Root of the Vine's Facebook page.
MORE: How To Help Michigan Bees At Home
SEE MORE: Beautiful Butterflies Captured Around The Country
UP NEXT: 7 Things To Know About Stink Bugs
Filed Under: black farmers, farming, farming in the US, gardening, Root of The Vine Urban Garden, save the bees, urban gardening
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text:
Sri Lankan rebel air raids show war not over
By C. Bryson Hull
COLOMBO, Oct 29 (Reuters) - Dual Tamil Tiger air raids on Sri Lanka's capital and a northern military base show the guerrillas are not out of the fight despite the government's confidence it is close to ending the 25-year-old civil war.
Analysts said the raids by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam's (LTTE) ramshackle air wing followed a familiar pattern of giving the rebels a morale boost when they appeared under pressure in the northern war zone.
The military has been steadily advancing into Tiger-held territory in northern Sri Lanka with the aim of ending one of Asia's oldest insurgencies. The military on Wednesday said troops had captured the Jayapuram area after heavy clashes.
The Tigers are fighting to create a separate homeland for Sri Lankan Tamils, many of whom complain of marginalisation by successive governments led by the Sinhalese majority since independence from Britain in 1948.
"When the Tigers are under pressure militarily up north, they try to divert attention to southern or central parts and hit where the government is weak," Eurasia Group analyst Maria Kuusisto said.
"They understand that these are going to be psychologically and strategically good targets to attack."
The rebel raid at the Kelanitissa power station in Colombo late on Tuesday started a fire and killed one person who died of a heart attack and wounded two, hospital officials said.
The military said an attack on the Thalladi army camp an hour earlier wounded three people.
PRIMITIVE PLANES
As a plane appeared on radar heading south to Colombo, authorities shut off the lights and scrambled jets then anti-aircraft fire streaked the sky off the capital's shoreline.
The pro-rebel web site www.TamilNet.com on Wednesday said the Kelanitissa raid killed a turbine operator and knocked out two turbines and two air coolers, citing unidentified sources.
The government earlier had said only two coolers were hit.
TamilNet also said the attack at Thalladi, in Mannar district near the war zone about 250 km (155 miles) north of Colombo, caused heavy damage. The military said it barely caused any.
Colombo-based defence analyst Iqbal Athas said the latest strike by the Tamileelam Air Force, or "Air Tigers", showed the resilience of what is widely regarded as one of the world's most ruthless and effective guerrilla groups.
"However primitive, their air ability remains. They have been able to demonstrate nine times that they can carry out a sortie and get away, and on all of those occasions the air force has not been able to neutralize them," Athas said.
The air force has been embarassed and frustrated by its inability to stop the propeller-drive two-seater planes despite vastly superior supersonic jets and radar.
The military has said it believes the Tigers' air wing, which debuted in March 2007 with a bombing run on the military air base inside Colombo's international airport, consists of three Czech-made Zlin-143 aircraft.
The last raid was in September, when the military said it had shot down one of the planes after it attacked a military base in Vavuniya, near the frontlines. The Tigers denied that and no evidence has ever been made public by either side.
(Additional reporting by Ranga Sirilal; Editing by Angus MacSwan)
Situation Report - Sri Lanka 16th January 2021 at 1800hrs
DMC Sri Lanka


text:
Structural features of the trans-activation response RNA element of equine infectious anemia virus
David W. Huffman, Richard A. Colvin, Mariano Garcia-Blanco, Stephen W. White
A 25-nucleotide RNA with the sequence of the trans-activation response (TAR) element of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was analyzed by biochemical methods and by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. NMR, nuclease probing, and polyacrylamide gel migration rates show that the RNA consists of an A-helical stem capped by two non-Watson-Crick U-G base pairs and a compact four-nucleotide loop. The loop is stabilized by base stacking, with loop nucleotides C12 and C15 stacked upon U11 and G16, respectively. Near the 5′ end of the molecule, the stem contains a bulge at nucleotide C2, most likely a result of base pairing between G1 and C25. A method for distinguishing RNA stem-loops from palindromic dimers is described and was used to confirm that the EIAV TAR RNA has a stem-loop structure at conditions used for NMR spectroscopy. RNase A and RNase T1 cleavage patterns are consistent with the structural features derived from the NMR data.
Equine infectious anemia virus
Response Elements
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Ribonuclease T1
Virus Activation
Pancreatic Ribonuclease
Huffman, D. W., Colvin, R. A., Garcia-Blanco, M., & White, S. W. (1993). Structural features of the trans-activation response RNA element of equine infectious anemia virus. Biochemistry, 32(4), 1096-1104.
Structural features of the trans-activation response RNA element of equine infectious anemia virus. / Huffman, David W.; Colvin, Richard A.; Garcia-Blanco, Mariano; White, Stephen W.
In: Biochemistry, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1993, p. 1096-1104.
Huffman, DW, Colvin, RA, Garcia-Blanco, M & White, SW 1993, 'Structural features of the trans-activation response RNA element of equine infectious anemia virus', Biochemistry, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1096-1104.
Huffman DW, Colvin RA, Garcia-Blanco M, White SW. Structural features of the trans-activation response RNA element of equine infectious anemia virus. Biochemistry. 1993;32(4):1096-1104.
Huffman, David W. ; Colvin, Richard A. ; Garcia-Blanco, Mariano ; White, Stephen W. / Structural features of the trans-activation response RNA element of equine infectious anemia virus. In: Biochemistry. 1993 ; Vol. 32, No. 4. pp. 1096-1104.
@article{5cf806a4ae124ada886c08e14458b166,
title = "Structural features of the trans-activation response RNA element of equine infectious anemia virus",
abstract = "A 25-nucleotide RNA with the sequence of the trans-activation response (TAR) element of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was analyzed by biochemical methods and by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. NMR, nuclease probing, and polyacrylamide gel migration rates show that the RNA consists of an A-helical stem capped by two non-Watson-Crick U-G base pairs and a compact four-nucleotide loop. The loop is stabilized by base stacking, with loop nucleotides C12 and C15 stacked upon U11 and G16, respectively. Near the 5′ end of the molecule, the stem contains a bulge at nucleotide C2, most likely a result of base pairing between G1 and C25. A method for distinguishing RNA stem-loops from palindromic dimers is described and was used to confirm that the EIAV TAR RNA has a stem-loop structure at conditions used for NMR spectroscopy. RNase A and RNase T1 cleavage patterns are consistent with the structural features derived from the NMR data.",
author = "Huffman, {David W.} and Colvin, {Richard A.} and Mariano Garcia-Blanco and White, {Stephen W.}",
journal = "Biochemistry",
T1 - Structural features of the trans-activation response RNA element of equine infectious anemia virus
AU - Huffman, David W.
AU - Colvin, Richard A.
AU - Garcia-Blanco, Mariano
AU - White, Stephen W.
N2 - A 25-nucleotide RNA with the sequence of the trans-activation response (TAR) element of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was analyzed by biochemical methods and by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. NMR, nuclease probing, and polyacrylamide gel migration rates show that the RNA consists of an A-helical stem capped by two non-Watson-Crick U-G base pairs and a compact four-nucleotide loop. The loop is stabilized by base stacking, with loop nucleotides C12 and C15 stacked upon U11 and G16, respectively. Near the 5′ end of the molecule, the stem contains a bulge at nucleotide C2, most likely a result of base pairing between G1 and C25. A method for distinguishing RNA stem-loops from palindromic dimers is described and was used to confirm that the EIAV TAR RNA has a stem-loop structure at conditions used for NMR spectroscopy. RNase A and RNase T1 cleavage patterns are consistent with the structural features derived from the NMR data.
AB - A 25-nucleotide RNA with the sequence of the trans-activation response (TAR) element of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was analyzed by biochemical methods and by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. NMR, nuclease probing, and polyacrylamide gel migration rates show that the RNA consists of an A-helical stem capped by two non-Watson-Crick U-G base pairs and a compact four-nucleotide loop. The loop is stabilized by base stacking, with loop nucleotides C12 and C15 stacked upon U11 and G16, respectively. Near the 5′ end of the molecule, the stem contains a bulge at nucleotide C2, most likely a result of base pairing between G1 and C25. A method for distinguishing RNA stem-loops from palindromic dimers is described and was used to confirm that the EIAV TAR RNA has a stem-loop structure at conditions used for NMR spectroscopy. RNase A and RNase T1 cleavage patterns are consistent with the structural features derived from the NMR data.
JO - Biochemistry
JF - Biochemistry


text:
INSIDER: What's Changing As Countries Turn INDCs into NDCs? 5 Early Insights
by Mengpin Ge and Kelly Levin - April 18, 2018
As countries formalize their climate action plans, some are shifting to more stringent targets, increasing transparency, and reflecting recent developments in knowledge and technology. Some countries, however, have lowered their ambition or made tweaks that make their commitment less clear.
Paris Agreement Takes First Steps Forward at Bonn Climate Talks
by Yamide Dagnet and David Waskow - May 27, 2016
Climate negotiations have shifted from what the Paris Agreement is to how it will be accomplished. The Bonn climate talks were the first opportunity to develop the rules and tools needed to truly put the Agreement into action.
Where Do We Go Now? A Map for Keeping Climate Action on Track After Paris
by Cynthia Elliott and Joe Thwaites - May 19, 2016
Now that 195 countries have adopted the Paris Agreement, they must develop the rules, processes and guidelines for how it will deliver the goals it's promised. New WRI research provides a to-do list for negotiators.
3 Reasons Why Capacity Building Is Critical for Implementing the Paris Agreement
by Yamide Dagnet and Eliza Northrop - December 18, 2015
Countries are at different stages of development, with different levels of capabilities. This reality must be considered when building a low-carbon and climate-resilient world.
Video: What Are the Ingredients for a Successful Climate Agreement at COP 21?
by Yamide Dagnet and Elyse Myrans - November 12, 2015
Three key items are important for ensuring that the new climate agreement is ambitious, fair and effective.
What's On the Table at Bonn Climate Talks?
by David Waskow - August 27, 2015
We're now entering the final, significant stages of negotiations leading up to the major climate summit in Paris in December known as COP21, where countries will reach a new international climate agreement. There are now two week-long negotiating sessions remaining before Paris; the first takes place next week in Bonn, Germany. What issues will negotiators face and what needs to happen at the Bonn meeting?
3 Action Areas for Climate Negotiators in Bonn
by David Waskow - May 29, 2015
Negotiators at the Bonn intersessional should proceed with the seriousness and pace required to reach a new, international climate agreement at the Conference of Parties (COP 21) in December.
INSIDER: The Case for Establishing Five-Year Cycles in the Paris Climate Agreement
by Yamide Dagnet - May 29, 2015
Country climate commitments and pledges agreed at Paris may not keep warming below 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) by themselves, but by establishing a systematic mechanism to ramp up efforts over time, countries can take collective action to avoid dangerous global warming.
Q&A with Jennifer Morgan: Everything You Need to Know About the New Climate Agreement
by Sarah Parsons - May 11, 2015
Why is a forthcoming global climate agreement such a big deal, and what impact will it have on communities around the world? Global director of WRI's Climate Program Jennifer Morgan explains all the important details.
INSIDER: A Unique Proposal for a Successful Outcome in Paris
by Jennifer Morgan - May 11, 2015
Getting Specific on the 2015 Climate Change Agreement: Suggestions for the Legal Text with an Explanatory Memorandum offers a detailed framework for key elements of a possible agreement, attempting to balance views and priorities from across the global community.
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I see nothing in the literature but, looking at the mountains visible from Rupert, most have the rounded look meaning they were over-ridden. This mountain north of town figure right is beginning to look jagged peaked -- so probably the ice was something like feet thick at the maximum. Certainly it was higher than Mount Hays because one can see glacial till at the top. Local researcher David Archer provides a clue The fun part is trying to figure out when the ice had withdrawn and vegetation returned. To that end Archer has documented a beach site at Port Simpson that dates back to 12, BP before present located fifty metres above the present sea level. Here are some shells I found during construction of the apartments at block 3rd Avenue. According to the Engineering department that is about feet above present sea level and thus may date back to the same time period. We"d be interested if anyone knows of fossil beds locally that are higher.
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After Contradictions There are numerous contradictions in the timeline, though it should be noted that, in the FAQ section of her website , Rowling has admitted having difficulty with managing mathematics, so perhaps perfect internal consistency is not to be expected. In addition, considering the Harry Potter universe is a fantasy world, it"s possible that certain dates may differ between it and the"real world". Despite its problems, this timeline is extensively used by fans and Warner Bros.
However, several anachronisms have crept through in the movies, such as featuring the destruction of the Millennium Bridge in the film version of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince , even though the novel and the film are supposed to take place two years before the bridge was built. In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix , the Dursleys are seen to have a flat-screen television, which were not commonly available in the mid s.
In addition the Dursley"s car, shown in the same film, bears a year registration plate.
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Rumors spread that Hogwarts" fave sweetheart and villain were a pair, but turns out Emma just had a huge crush on Tom Felton. Luckily, they laugh about it now. Little did she know, while she had an unrequited crush on Tom, someone else in the cast had feelings for her! Lasting a year, the alleged reason for the split was due to the rugby player being a ladies" man and posting too many pics with other girls.
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This paradoxical object is a piece of glass known as a Prince Rupert"s drop. What Is it, Exactly? Despite its seemingly impossible characteristics, a Prince Rupert"s drop is surprisingly simple to make: What results is a teardrop-shaped piece of glass that"s nearly impossible to break at one end, and incredibly fragile at the other. In the words of the Royal Society of London: It"s said that Prince Rupert, the nephew of King Charles I, was the first to bring the glass oddities to England in They had been around long before then, however, possibly dating back to Roman times.
How Is This Possible? When the glass hits the water, the outside layers cool very quickly while the inside remains molten. The effect of thermal expansion makes liquids expand when they"re hot and contract as they cool.
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As one of the largest battles of the First English Civil War, with over Royalist casualties, and the subsequent abandonment of Northern England by Royalist forces, one might argue that such are the fortunes of war where brave men are stuck down in their prime, and in the aftermath of the carnage, the victors exact their vengeance. Except, Boye was a white hunting poodle.
Given, he was the battle-hardened, dogged canine companion of cavalier and future General of the Royalist Army Prince Rupert of the Rhine, but dogs are not known for strategic planning of combat operations or strict adherence to political ideologies. Mostly, they follow their noses.
It"s said that Prince Rupert, the nephew of King Charles I, was the first to bring the glass oddities to England in They had been around long before then, however, possibly dating .
The Prince Rupert has been allocated a fourth star, why, I do not know, perhaps I"m more used to the bigger groups, so would expect a higher standard if that was the case. On the plus side, the staff are, by far, the best asset this hotel has. The family are very much in the forefront of the operation. Convinced I had booked a four-poster room, I was more than a little disappointed to find we were in a standard double room, which was stuffy and very dated, apart from the new bathroom, which came fitted with the loudest extractor fan in Christendom and listening device later!
The photographs on the Booking. WiFi is provided, but for those with BT, free access is available through your own settings - just be careful not to choose the chargeable version! To get some air into the room, we had to leave the window open. This opened onto an extensive flat roof, access to which was unknown. Breakfast on the first morning was a well-run This is a difficult one to write. Breakfast on the first morning was a well-run affair, unlike the following morning, when we seemed to have upset the sole waitress by having the audacity to sit without her instruction.
That said, we did wait for what seemed like an eternity before doing so.
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More links 05Mar10 - Daily Telegraph - Dutch Prince Bernhard"was member of Nazi party" Prince Bernhard, the father of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, was a member of the Nazi party, a new book has claimed, contracting the German-born Dutch war hero"s life-long denials. By Bruno Waterfield in Brussels - 6: He left all the groups on leaving university in December , when he went to work for the German chemical giant, IG Farben. The prince always denied having been a member of the Nazi party, although he admitted that he briefly had sympathised with Adolf Hitler"s regime.
In one of the last interviews he gave before his death in , he said: I was never a Nazi.
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When the Empire was abolished in , the Elector chose to remain an Elector, with or without an Empire. In , however, the area was annexed to France. When the Elector recovered it in , he preserved the previous title. This curious institution survived until the Elector, still without his Empire, chose the wrong side in and Hesse-Cassel was annexed by Prussia. Earlier, one of the line, Frederick, ended up a King of Sweden, but with no issue, nothing came of it.
There are living heirs of this line today. Hesse turns up, curiously, in the history of the American Revolution, since Hessian troups were hired out to King George III and sent to fight against the colonists. George Washington captured many of them at Trenton in Mayer found coins and other valuables for the Landgrave.
Hollyoaks casts Coronation Street star Rupert Hill as Ben Bradley"s son
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It is the sixth film in the Harry Potter film series. David Yates , the director of the fifth film, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix , directed this film. David Heyman and David Barron produced, [3] and Steve Kloves , though he did not write the fifth film, has returned as screenwriter for this instalment. Revenge of the Fallen.
On July 7, , at the world film premiere of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince in London, the cast and crew all wore white ribbons in memory and tribute of year-old British actor and co-star Robert Knox. Knox, who played Marcus Belby in the film, was stabbed to death on May 24, Contents Plot Summary Voldemort is tightening his grip on both the Muggle and Wizarding worlds and Hogwarts is no longer the safe haven it once was. Harry suspects that dangers may even lie within the castle, but Dumbledore is more intent upon preparing him for the final battle that he knows is fast approaching.
Together they work to find the key to unlock Voldemort"s defences and, to this end, Dumbledore recruits his old friend and colleague, the well-connected and unsuspecting bon vivant Professor Horace Slughorn , whom he believes holds crucial information. Meanwhile, the students are under attack from a very different adversary as teenage hormones rage across the ramparts.
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text:
<?php

namespace Oro\Bundle\ApiBundle\Processor\Config\GetConfig;

use Oro\Component\ChainProcessor\ContextInterface;
use Oro\Component\ChainProcessor\ProcessorInterface;
use Oro\Bundle\ApiBundle\Config\EntityDefinitionConfig;
use Oro\Bundle\ApiBundle\Validator\Constraints as Assert;
use Oro\Bundle\ApiBundle\Processor\Config\ConfigContext;
use Oro\Bundle\ApiBundle\Util\DoctrineHelper;

/**
 * Adds AccessGranted validation constraint for all ORM associations.
 * Adds HasAdderAndRemover validation constraint for all "to-many" associations.
 */
class AddAssociationValidators implements ProcessorInterface
{
    /** @var DoctrineHelper */
    protected $doctrineHelper;

    /**
     * @param DoctrineHelper $doctrineHelper
     */
    public function __construct(DoctrineHelper $doctrineHelper)
    {
        $this->doctrineHelper = $doctrineHelper;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function process(ContextInterface $context)
    {
        /** @var ConfigContext $context */

        $definition = $context->getResult();
        $entityClass = $context->getClassName();
        if ($this->doctrineHelper->isManageableEntityClass($entityClass)) {
            $this->addValidatorsForEntityAssociations($definition, $entityClass);
        } else {
            $this->addValidatorsForObjectAssociations($definition, $entityClass);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param EntityDefinitionConfig $definition
     * @param string                 $entityClass
     */
    protected function addValidatorsForEntityAssociations(EntityDefinitionConfig $definition, $entityClass)
    {
        $metadata = $this->doctrineHelper->getEntityMetadataForClass($entityClass);
        $fields = $definition->getFields();
        foreach ($fields as $fieldName => $field) {
            $fieldName = $field->getPropertyPath($fieldName);
            if ($metadata->hasAssociation($fieldName)) {
                if ($metadata->isCollectionValuedAssociation($fieldName)) {
                    $field->addFormConstraint(new Assert\HasAdderAndRemover([
                        'class'    => $entityClass,
                        'property' => $fieldName
                    ]));
                    $field->addFormConstraint(new Assert\All(new Assert\AccessGranted()));
                } else {
                    $field->addFormConstraint(new Assert\AccessGranted());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param EntityDefinitionConfig $definition
     * @param string                 $entityClass
     */
    protected function addValidatorsForObjectAssociations(EntityDefinitionConfig $definition, $entityClass)
    {
        $fields = $definition->getFields();
        foreach ($fields as $fieldName => $field) {
            if ($field->getTargetClass() && $field->isCollectionValuedAssociation()) {
                $field->addFormConstraint(new Assert\HasAdderAndRemover([
                    'class'    => $entityClass,
                    'property' => $field->getPropertyPath($fieldName)
                ]));
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
El mosaic de bosc i pastures muntanyenques de Zimbabwe Oriental és una ecoregió de la zona afrotròpica, definida per WWF, que s'estén al llarg de la frontera entre Zimbabwe i Moçambic.

Descripció
És una ecoregió de praderies i matollars de muntanya que ocupa 7.800 quilòmetres quadrats a les muntanyes frontereres entre Zimbàbue i Moçambic, des dels muntanyes Inyanga fins als muntanyes Chipinge. La muntanya Gorongoza, a Moçambic, també pertany a aquesta ecoregió. Ambdues zones s'alcen sobre la sabana arbrada de miombo meridional.

Les terres altes tenen un clima més fresc i més humit que les terres baixes dels voltants, que suporten diferents comunitats de plantes i animals. L'ecoregió és la llar de diverses comunitats vegetals: praderies de submontà i montà, bosc de fulla perenne humida, bosc de muntanyes seques, boscos de miombo i landes.

Geografia física

La posició, paral·lela a la costa atlàntica, i l'altitud fan que la humitat procedent de l'oceà Índic es vegi obligada a elevar-se per condensar-se a les regions d'aire més fred i per tant caure en forma de pluges que poden arribar als 3.000 mm. / any, especialment al vessant est. L'alçada de l'ecoregió supera els 1.000 m i el punt més alt arriba als 2.500 m. Des del punt de vista hidrogràfic, la regió es divideix entre la conca del Zambezi al nord i la conca de Save al sud.

Flora

La vegetació predominant és la de les pastures de muntanya, amb variacions d'espècies segons l'altitud. La característica més peculiar de l'ecoregió és la de presentar grans zones de bosc humit de fulla perenne de l'antic bosc de muntanya que s'estenia a les zones elevades d'Àfrica des dels Drakensbergs fins als boscos de l'Arc oriental i depèn de la humitat causada per la precipitació. Per això són més freqüents a la part oriental i a les valls més profundes (muntanyes de Nyanga i Chimanimani). La coberta d'aquests boscos arriba a una alçada de 40–55 m, amb una excepció que representa l'arbre monumental del bosc de Chirinda: el Khaya anthotheca gegant de 65 metres d'alçada. Un segon tipus de bosc, de muntanya i sec, està més estès a l'ecoregió, en aquest cas la vegetació depèn de la humitat del subsòl i no només de la pluja; es troba a majors altures, entre 1.500.-2.000 m i el nivell superior de la coberta s'atura a 12-15 m. Les espècies epífites i de litòfits són omnipresents. Ocasionalment hi ha taques de miombo, a les zones més drenades dels vessants més alts de la cadena.

Bona part de la petita superfície de l'ecoregió consisteix en turons arrodonits coberts de pastures, que es renoven anualment arran dels incendis que es produeixen al final de la temporada seca. A les cotes més baixes, Themeda triandra és l'herba predominant als sòls vermells més fèrtils, i Loudetia simplex és freqüent en sòls de sorra blanca menys fèrtils. A les elevacions més grans, hi ha les pastures montanes formades principalment per herbes curtes i pelades, com ara Loudetia simplex, Trachypogon spicatus, Exotheca abyssinica i Monocymbium ceresiiforme.

Algunes valls i vessants orientats a l'est contenen zones de selva tropical, amb un gran nivell de copes, lianes i un ric sotabosc. Hi ha àrees més grans de bosc sec a altituds més elevades en llocs on el sòl està ben regat i en vessants més secs, rogles de bosc de miombo (Brachystegia spiciformis, Brachystegia tamarindoides i Uapaca kirkiana) i zones de terra de landa a majors altures. Hi ha pegats del curatellifolia de Mobola Plum Parinari de fulla perenne alta, a prop de la ciutat de Chipinge i als vessants occidentals de les terres altes de Nyanga.

A les muntanyes Chimanimani i a la muntanya Gorongosa, es troben terres de landa clares en sòls arenosos pobres i àcids derivats de quarsita. Les zones d'herba són de dos tipus, brugals i proteals. Els erms brugals o ericacis estan dominats per Philippia pallidiflora, P. hexandra, Phylica ericoides, Passerina montana, Erica eylesii, E. pleiotricha, E. gazensis i E. johnstoniana. Protea gazensis, P. welwitschii i Leucospermum saxosum són freqüents a les terres proteàcies.

A les terres altes es produeixen diversos lliris autòctons monocotiledonis amb petits rangs de distribució. Cryptostephanotis vansonii, Cyrtanthus rhodesianus i Scadoxus pole-evansi són populars entre els recol·lectors de plantes rares.

Fauna
L'ecoregió no presenta endemismes, sinó que acull espècies rares, que van viure al continu del bosc de muntanya africà, mentre que ara es limiten a zones aïllades que encara tenen el mateix hàbitat.

L'anteriorment descrita varietat de diferents tipus d'hàbitat resulta també en una riquesa de vida animal. Els animals que es troben a les terres altes inclouen el cercopitec blau (Cercopithecus mitis) el cercopitec de Sykes, el ratpenat frugívor de Bergmans (Myonycteris relicta) i el camaleó pigmeu de Marshall (Rhampholeon marshalli). Molts d'aquests animals es troben a tota l'Àfrica oriental.

Les terres altes també són riques en aus, incloent el calau trompeter (Bycanistes bucinator), Knysna turaco (Tauraco corythaix), turac de Knysna (Tauraco porphyreolophus), pintada crestada oriental (Guttera pucherani) i l'àguila coronada (Stephanoaetus coronatus). Dues espècies, l'apalis de Xirinda (Apalis chirindensis) i la prínia de Roberts (Oreophilais robertsi), són endèmiques de les terres altes orientals. La Chirinda apalis viu profundament als boscos de fulla perenne, mentre que la prínia de Roberts habita a la vora del bosc.

Els boscos també estan plens de papallones, Papilio ophidicephalus i papili dels cítrics (Papilio demodocus) i el sotabosc, en particular, alberga una gran varietat de rèptils incloent escíncids, dragons, sargantanes, granotes, gripaus, i serps.

Amenaces i preservació
Els boscos de muntanya són vulnerables a la tala i a les pastures susceptibles al foc i a les selves tropicals, que per definició creixen en terrenys fèrtils ben regades, per deixar a l'agricultura. El clima humit és ideal per plantar te, cafè i fustes dures. Tot i així, bona part de la vegetació original es manté, sobretot a altituds més elevades, poc adequades per a l'agricultura. Es protegeixen grans àrees de les Highlands, incloses el parc nacional Chimanimani de 171 km² i el parc nacional de Nyanga.

Vegeu també
 Llista d'ecoregions de Moçambic

Enllaços externs
 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic (World Wildlife Fund)
 Southern Rift Montane Woodlands - A Global Ecoregion (World Wildlife Fund)
 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic (National Geographic)

Referències

Ecoregions d'Àfrica
Geografia de Moçambic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Review of A Commentary on 1 & 2 Chronicles by Eugene Merrill
Book Reviews , Old Testament / February 7, 2017
Merrill, Eugene. A Commentary on 1 & 2 Chronicles. Kregel Exegetical Library. Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic, 2015, pp. 637, $39.99, hardcover. Eugene Merrill is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Old Testament at Dallas Theological Seminary. He has authored a number of works including major commentaries on Deuteronomy (New American Commentary, B&H, 1994) and Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi (Wycliffe Exegetical Commentary, 1994, Moody; reprinted by CreateSpace, 2014). Merrill is a preeminent evangelical scholar and has provided pastors, students, and scholars alike a commentary that will be their go-to resource on the books of Chronicles. 1 & 2 Chronicles is the fifth volume in the Kregel Exegetical Library, but is the sixth volume available at the time of this review. Merrill begins his commentary with a discussion of introductory issues including material on historical and cultural setting, historiography, and theology of the book, as well as other major issues introductory issues. Merrill holds to commonly held views on issues of setting and authorship within the book while highlighting important aspects of setting like political re-establishment and social reform. He also has a discussion of religious reform that is quite thorough. One of Merrill's concerns is also how Chronicles relates to Ezra-Nehemiah. Within his…
Review of Ruth: A Handbook on the Hebrew Text by Robert D. Holmstedt
Book Reviews , Old Testament / January 17, 2017
Holmstedt, Robert D. Ruth: A Handbook on the Hebrew Text. Baylor University Press: Waco, TX, 2010, pp. 180, $29.99, paperback. Ruth: A Handbook on the Hebrew Text is an excellent volume in the Baylor Handbook on the Hebrew Bible Series, providing students and professors with a detailed grammatical discussion of the Hebrew text of the book of Ruth. Robert D. Holmstedt is the Professor of Ancient Hebrew and Northwest Semitic Languages at the University of Toronto. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Hebrew and Semitic Studies. Holmstedt has published and introductory Hebrew grammar entitled Beginning Biblical Hebrew: A Grammar and Illustrated Reader (Baker, 2013) in addition to many other publications related to Hebrew grammar and especially the relative clause in ancient Hebrew. Holmstedt wrote this handbook "with both the intermediate student and the advanced researcher in mind" (p. 2). That being the case, Holmstedt provides a rich and engaging treatment of the Hebrew grammar of Ruth that is accessible to students still mastering basic Hebrew morphology and syntax. After a brief introduction, Holmstedt spends three sections [corresponding to chapters] discussing his approach to Hebrew grammar, the role of linguistic features in dating the book, and the…
Review of How to Preach and Teach the Old Testament for All Its Worth by Wright
Book Reviews , Old Testament , Pastoral Theology and Ministry / January 11, 2017
Wright, Christopher J. H. How to Preach and Teach the Old Testament for All Its Worth. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2016, pp. 288, $18.99, paperback. Christopher J. H. Wright is the International Ministries Director of the Langham Partnership and was also chair of the Lausanne Theology Working Group which presented The Cape Town Commitment to the Third Lausanne Congress in 2010. He has written numerous books including Old Testament Ethics for the People of God, The Mission of God, and Knowing Jesus through the Old Testament, among others. He attends All Souls Church, Langham Place in London where he preaches occasionally. Written as part of Zondervan's All Its Worth series, Wright focuses on the Old Testament in this volume, working beyond interpretation to aid preachers and teachers as they study and prepare the material for proclamation. Wright divides his book into two main sections, focusing on why one should preach and teach from the Old Testament in the first section and how one does so in the second. Every chapter ends with questions and exercises to help the reader digest the material, and the "How" section includes preparation checklists and sermon outline examples for each major Old Testament genre. As…
Review of Interpreting Prophetic Literature by James D. Nogalski
Book Reviews , Old Testament / December 21, 2016
Nogalski, James D. Interpreting Prophetic Literature: Historical and Exegetical Tools for Reading the Prophets. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2015, pp. xi + 125, $25, paperback. James Nogalski (Dr. Theol., University of Zürich) is Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in Religion at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Nogalski has written extensively on prophetic literature with works such as his two volume commentary The Book of the Twelve (Smyth and Helwys, 2011) and Literary Precursors to the Book of the Twelve (De Gruyter, 1993). Moreover, Nogalski has translated four books into English from German which include Old Testament Exegesis: A Guide to the Methodology (Scholars Press, 1998) and The Theological Witness of Prophetic Books (Chalice Press, 2000). In Interpreting Prophetic Literature Nogalski sets out to write a primer on prophetic literature which is accessible to a novice student. Nogalski's introduction is unique in that he shifts his focus away from historical backgrounds, which is normally the locus of the prophetic section in introductions, and instead pivots his book in order, "to [supplement] such introductions by focusing upon the art of reading prophetic literature" (p. 2). Nogalski accomplishes this by examining the different formulae of oracles, defining the key places…
Review of The Message of the Twelve by Fuhr and Yates
Book Reviews , Old Testament / November 22, 2016
Fuhr Jr., Richard Alan and Gary E Yates. The Message of the Twelve: Hearing the Voice of the Minor Prophets. Nashville, TN: B&H Academic, 2016, pp. 378, $25, paperback. The Message of the Twelve is a careful and thorough introduction to the Minor Prophets and their possible relationship to one another. Authors Richard Fuhr (PhD, Southeastern), program director of Biblical Studies and assistant professor of religion at Liberty University in Virginia, and Gary Yates (PhD, Dallas), professor of Old Testament at Liberty University, collaborate to present the historical, geographical, and theological core of the Minor Prophets. The Message of the Twelve is an excellent introductory work that will offer students a trove of information on Minor Prophets studies. Fuhr and Yates' wrote The Message of the Twelve as an overview for "students, pastors, and all who seek to understand this neglected segment of God's Word" (p. xiv). The first four chapters seek to explain the historical background of the Twelve, the prophetic role of the Twelve, the literary elements of the Twelve, and then the canonical unity of the Twelve. The remainder of the work is a book by book commentary on each the prophets. These chapters feature an introduction…
Review of The Song of Songs by Duguid
Book Reviews , Old Testament / May 3, 2016
Duguid, Iain M. The Song of Songs. Westmont, IL: IVP Academic, 2015, pp. 160, $15, paperback. Iain Duguid (PhD, University of Cambridge) is professor of religion and Old Testament at Grove City College in Pennsylvania. Duguid has written several works including Hero of Heroes: Seeing Christ in the Beatitudes (P&R Publishing, 2001) and Ezekiel and the Leaders of Israel (Brill, 1994). He has also contributed volumes to several commentary series including the Reformed Expository Commentary (Daniel, Esther & Ruth), the NIV Application Commentary (Ezekiel), and Preaching the Word (Numbers). Song of Songs is a work that will benefit both student and pastor in their study of Solomon's love poem. Duguid wrote Song of Songs based on "a conviction that it [Song of Songs] was not generally being preached adequately (or at all) in the evangelical or Reformed circles in which I move" (p. 9). The book sets out to provide a comprehensive commentary on the text to alleviate this perceived shortcoming. This is accomplished methodically by examining questions of authorship and date, themes and structures, and concluding with an analysis of the text itself. Duguid's work shines in two areas. First, his sensitivity to the hermeneutical issues and tendencies at…
Review of Abschied von der Priesterschrift? Edited by Hartenstein and Schmid
Book Reviews , Old Testament / April 11, 2016
Hartenstein, Friedhelm, and Konrad Schmid, eds. Abschied von der Priesterschrift? Zum Stand der Pentateuchdebatte. Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie 40. Leipzig: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 2015. pp. 218. €38, paperback. The collapse of the Documentary Hypothesis beginning in the 1970s left many of the traditional results of critical Pentateuchal research in its wake. Despite the renunciation of the existence of the Yahwist and Elohist sources by Rolf Rendtorff and others, the Priestly Writing (P) has survived largely unscathed, although its characterization as a source is no longer taken for granted. A litany of questions now revolves around the nature of P as a source or redactional layer as well as P's extent and internal stratification. A group of continental scholars gathered to address these and related issues in the Old Testament section of the Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Theologie in May 2012 at Stuttgart-Hohenheim. Christoph Levin surveys the history of research on the nature of P and its composition, particularly within the framework of documentary, fragmentary, and supplementary models. Levin finds persuasive the arguments in favor of P's literary independence and attributes the emergence of a separate Priestly history parallel to the Yahwistic/non-P history to the uniqueness of the Priestly worldview, particularly…
Review of After the Invasion: A Reading of Jeremiah 40-44 by Keith Bodner
Book Reviews , Old Testament / March 7, 2016
Bodner, Keith. After the Invasion: A Reading of Jeremiah 40-44. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. viii + 179, $90, hardback. Keith Bodner is Professor of Religious Studies at Crandall University in New Brunswick, Canada. Bodner has written several books and commentaries including Elisha's Profile in the Book of Kings: the Double Agent (Oxford, 2013), Jeroboam's Royal Drama (Oxford, 2012), and 1 Samuel: A Narrative Commentary (Sheffield Phoenix, 2008), among other titles. Bodner's writings have largely been within the area of narrative criticism. After the Invasion is an excellent work that will help any thoughtful student of the Bible understand the text of Jeremiah, and particularly Jeremiah 40-44, better. After the Invasion was written "to make a contribution to the interpretation of Jer 40-44 by undertaking a reading of the text with a primary interest in the narrative poetics of the text" (p. 3). In doing this Bodner examines that text of Jeremiah 40-44 in a sequential manner and focuses on features within the narrative like characterization, geography, point of view, temporal compression, plot, intertextuality, and irony. There are two features of this book that I would like to highlight. First, it is well-written and well researched. This work combines…


I guess someone at Mamapedia stumbled across my blog and asked if they could publish my New Years post. As a result, I received quite a few emails from other young widows thanking me for articulating their own pain as well. It's amazing how, even though I am in the same situation as they are, when I receive their emails, hear their stories, and especially when they include photos, I cry because I am so, so sorry for their loss- as if I don't get at all that I am one of them.
Well, you always thought I was. Recently I found a back and forth email between us of one of your interviews with a soccer player that you got published on ESPN. You had sent me your questions and interview for editing and I had sent it back with all of my corrections typed in red ink. There was quite a bit (I guess it was the English teacher in me- I had taught at a private school in the city for a year and college writing classes in Brooklyn for a year) and I can remember you telling me how you weren't going to send me anything anymore. I was only trying to help. But when I pulled it up recently, perhaps it was a bit of overkill. I'm sorry for that. As you would say so often, my intentions really were good.
With your death, came a strange authority I could not write with previously. And…so I thought, also came the responsibility to try to articulate this ineffable grief- this madness that happens when someone you love so much, disappears from the earth.
But how to describe the nausea and sighing in those early days? The sickness you sleep with and wake up to. The way the sky is larger and time becomes a stage with scenery changing around you while you stand still.
And how, how do you articulate what it is like to explain to your child that her father is never coming home, to hear a child as young as two tell people her father died- "he died." Or hear her, at age three, point to a cemetery you drive by and say, "Is that appa's cemetery?" excitedly.
How do you articulate the instantaneous dissolution of your marriage without your consent? How can you convey the utter sense of wrongness and artificiality when you check off the widow box or write "deceased" next to your daughter's father's name on her preschool application?
How can you possibly articulate what it feels like to pack away your young husband's clothes: socks, t-shirts, favorite soccer jerseys, or to tape a fingernail you find on a small piece of paper or to hold a lock, no a chunk, of his hair packed in a plastic baggie, packed by the funeral director at your request, for just a moment every time you open your sock drawer.
I used to think it was the responsibility of the writer to articulate these things. That is not possible. It's a bit like loving a spouse who has been buried for a year and a half. There is no response, no hope of a magical appearance, but that doesn't mean you stop loving him. Trying to construct some sort of narrative or brief on the wordless pain and reality of this kind of loss is just as fruitless, but as it turns out, the obligation of the writer is not to achieve it, but…simply to try. Sometimes, that is enough.
"….this madness that happens when someone you love so much, disappears from the earth."
All this love and goodness that went back and forth between two, like a river, is just let out like a dam breaking.
Thank you Julia, for writing words that give me the strength and the ability to just cry, to just feel, to just be.


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https://deframedia.blog.gov.uk/2021/10/01/natashas-law-comes-into-force/
Natasha's Law comes into force
Posted by: Defra Press Office, Posted on: 1 October 2021 - Categories: Uncategorized
There has been widespread coverage including in the Daily Mail, Telegraph, i news, City A.M., Sun, Mirror, Daily Express and BBC News Online of Natasha's Law which comes into force today (1 October).
The changes require food businesses to include full ingredients labelling on pre-packed for direct sale foods, with the 14 major allergens emphasised in the list. They are being introduced following the tragic death of Natasha Ednan-Laperouse, who died after eating a pre-packaged baguette which at the time did not require ingredients labelling.
This new allergen labelling law will allow millions of people living with food allergies, intolerances and coeliac disease to make safer choices about the food they buy.
The Times Red Box carries an op-ed from the Environment Secretary George Eustice, in which the Secretary of State says he's hopeful the changes being introduced will drive down the number of hospital admissions caused by food allergies and prevent another tragic death such as Natasha's.
The reforms cover labelling requirements for foods that are prepared and packed on the same premises from which they are sold – such as a packaged sandwich or salad made by staff earlier in the day and placed on a shelf for purchase.
Natasha's Law will make an immediate, meaningful change for millions of people across the country – and I am grateful to all food businesses for their efforts to make changes as swiftly as possible.
I want to thank Natasha's family for their dedication in making this important requirement happen so people with allergies, intolerances and coeliac disease will be able to make more informed choices when purchasing food that is prepacked for direct sale.
Natasha's parents, Nadim and Tanya Ednan-Laperouse, said:
The introduction of Natasha's Law is a bittersweet moment for us. We are delighted that people with food allergies will now have great protection through improved labelling and we know in our hearts that Natasha would be very proud of a new law in her name. However, the new law also reminds us that Natasha's death was completely avoidable.
Natasha's Law is about saving lives and marks a major milestone in our campaign to support people in this country with food allergies.
This change in the law will give people with food allergies confidence when they are buying pre-packaged food for direct sale such as sandwiches and salads. Everyone should be able to consume food safely.
Food Standards Agency Chief Executive Emily Miles said:
This is a huge step in helping improve the quality of life for around 2 million people living with food allergies in this country.
If these changes drive down the number of hospital admissions caused by food allergies, which has increased threefold over the past 20 years, and prevent further tragic deaths such as Natasha's, that can only be a positive thing.
I understand how difficult the past 18 months have been for food businesses, and I am grateful for the effort that so many have made to prepare for the changes.
Defra responds to coverage of UK decision on EU fishing licensing applications
Package of measures announced to support pig sector


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How To Toggle System Settings From iOS 7 Status Bar
By Paul Morris | February 26th, 2014
Cydia is populated with tweaks and extensions that enhance the overall experience of iOS. One of the latest packages to have a stab at improving iOS goes by the name of TouchBar and is a small utility that lets users quickly toggle system settings on and off directly from the status bar of the installed device.
TouchBar is a relatively simple package that focuses on an area of iOS that many jailbreak developers have attempted to improve: the most commonly used system settings. When we refer to system settings we are talking about commonly used options that are natively toggled on or off through the native Settings app, such as Airplane mode, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Do Not Disturb. TouchBar is one developer's attempt to make interacting with the aforementioned settings a little more pleasurable, by making them accessible directly from the status bar at the top of the iPhone or iPod touch being used.
When installed, the package offers two ways of interacting with settings. Firstly, the user can simply tab on the status bar icon to toggle its corresponding state. For example, if Bluetooth is already activated on the device then tapping the Bluetooth icon will turn the feature off. This is most likely achieved by applying a touch gesture recognizer over the top of the icon and then invoking a specific call to action on it when a tap is detected. In addition to that method of interaction, users can also use the popular Activator library to invoke a purpose built overlaid bar that contains direct access to the settings.
When the pre-defined gesture is recognized, the bar will be displayed with a number of icon based buttons that refer to a specific system setting. Some users, like myself, have no problem pulling up the iOS 7 Control Center to quickly toggle certain settings on or off. With that said, there is definitely a set of users who would prefer TouchBar's implementation over Control Center.
TouchBar is a commercial package, available as a $0.99 purchase from the ModMyi repository. The repo package information provides no official details on iOS firmware or device compatibility.
For tutorials on how to jailbreak, check out:
iOS 7 – 7.0.4 Jailbreak: Download Evasi0n 7 For iPhone 5s, 5c, 5, iPad, iPod touch [Windows / Mac]
Jailbreak iOS 7 – 7.0.4 Untethered On iPhone 5s, 5c, 5, 4s And More With Evasi0n 7 [Video Tutorial]
Be sure to check out our iPhone Apps Gallery and iPad Apps Gallery to explore more apps for your iPhone and iPad.


Insure against losing your most valuable asset; your ability to earn. An income protection insurance provides a regular tax-free income if you are unable to work because of an accident or illness. It is available to both the employed and the self-employed.
Unfortunately, accident, injury and illness are all too common and when it happens, it can be tough to cope financially.
How would you pay your mortgage and the other usual bills if you lost your income? If you got sick, your employer might still pay you, but how long would that last?
If the worst happened to you, would state benefits really be enough to cover all your bills and for you and your family to survive?
Income protection insurance offers peace of mind and security as it allows you to insure yourself against loss of income in the future.
An income protection policy can be a relatively small outlay given the re-assurance it could offer you.
Whether to include unemployment cover.
You can use the tax free money to help pay your bills and living expenses until you recover and can return to work.
This depends on your individual circumstances and often comes down to how long your individual employer will pay sickness pay for i.e. how long you can wait before you need the insurance to start to pay out. It is worth noting that according to the Centre for Economic and Social Inclusion (CESI), only 43% of employers offer sick pay greater than the minimum statutory requirements.
Your Blackstone adviser will be delighted to talk to you and look at the choices available. Our recommendation will be based on the quality of cover available as well as the price as sometimes customers are persuaded to purchase inferior products based on cost alone.
Many income protection policies will only pay out if you are unable to perform any occupation, however, the best policies will provide cover if you are unable to follow your own occupation which is what we would recommend for our clients.
At Blackstone we always look to recommend the best cover for you, your job, your lifestyle and your budget so that your income is protected if the worst happened to you. We will offer expert advice specifically tailored to your needs to enable you to choose the best options for you.
Our clients have rated us a UK Top Rated Adviser. Trust Blackstone to give you the advice that you need.
Please call us on Bristol 0117 403 0097.
The goverment's Employment & Support Allowance (ESA) benefit claim form is a mammoth 57 pages long.
End-to-end, that's the same height as 3 giraffes!
A typical income protection claim form is less than 10 pages.