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Malhar Rao Holkar II
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'Maharaja (Ruler of Indore)
Ali Jah (the Exalted Dignity)
Zubdat ul-Umara (Best of the Army)
Bahadur ul-Mulk (Hero of the Empire)
Farzand-i-Arjmand (Son of the Noble)
Nusrat Jang (Helper in War)'
Marthand Rao Holkar
Gautama Bai Holkar
Yashwant Rao Holkar
Krishna Bai Holkar
Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Shrimant Malhar Rao II Holkar VII Subadar Bahadur (1806–27 October 1833), belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas was the Maharaja Holkar of Indore (Hokar State) (r. 1811–1833). He was born at Bhanpura in 1806 and was the only son of Yashwant Rao Holkar VI, Subadar of the Holkar Domains, and his wife Krishna Bai Holkar Mahasahiba.
Rao Tula Ram
Holkar Dynasty
Born: 1806 Died: 27 October 1833
Yashwant Rao Holkar Maharaja of Indore
1811 – 1833 Succeeded by
Maratha Empire
Shivaji
Sambhaji
Rajaram I
Tarabai
Shahu I
Rajaram II
Shahu II
Pratap Singh
Peshwas
Moropant Trimbak Pingle
Moreshvar Pingale
Ramchandra Pant Amatya
Bahiroji Pingale
Balaji Vishwanath
Baji Rao I
Balaji Baji Rao
Madhavrao Ballal
Narayan Rao
Raghunathrao
Sawai Madhavrao
Baji Rao II
Amrut Rao
Nana Sahib
Bhat family
Amatya
Pralhad Niraji
Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi (hereditary)
Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi
Jagjivanrao Pant Pratinidhi
Ahilyabai Holkar
Anandibai
Gopikabai
Jankibai
Jijabai
Kashibai
Muddupalani
Parvatibai
Putalabai
Radhikabai
Ramabai
Saibai
Sakvarbai
Soyarabai
Umabai Dabhade
Tulsi Bai Holkar
Maratha Confederacy
Bhonsle of Nagpur
Gaekwad of Baroda
Scindia of Gwalior
Holkar of Indore (subsidiary or feudatory states)
Pavan Khind
Sinhagad
Bhupalgarh
Raigarh (1689)
Jinji
Khelna
Palkhed
1st Delhi
Gajendragad
1st Trichinopoly
Katwa (1st)
2nd Trichinopoly
Katwa (2nd)
Invasions of Bengal
2nd Delhi
3rd Panipat
Rakshabhuvan
Saunshi
Bahadur Benda
Chaksana
Kharda
3rd Delhi
Assaye
Laswari
Maratha-Mughal War of 27 years
Maratha–Mysore War
First Anglo-Maratha War
Second Anglo-Maratha War
Third Anglo-Maratha War
Adilshahi
Qutbshahi
Mughal Empire
Nizam of Hyderabad
Fort Mangad
Panhala
Pratapgad
Rajgad
Shivneri
Shivrai
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Maharajas of Indore
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Nana Sahib, born as Dhondu Pant, was an Indian Peshwa of Maratha empire and fighter, who led the rebellion in Cawnpore during the 1857 uprising. As the adopted son of the exiled Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II, Nana Sahib believed that he was entitled to a pension from the English East India Company, but the underlying contractual issues are rather murky; the Company's refusal to continue the pension after his father's death, as well as what he perceived as high-handed policies, compelled him to revolt and seek independence from company rule in India. He forced the British garrison in Kanpur to surrender executed the survivors, gaining control of Cawnpore for a few days, he disappeared, after his forces were defeated by a British force that recaptured Cawnpore. He was led to the Nepal Hills in 1859. Nana was born on 19 May 1824 to Narayan Bhat and Ganga Bai. After the Maratha defeat in the Third Maratha War, the East India Company had exiled Peshwa Baji Rao II to Bithoor near Cawnpore, where he maintained a large establishment paid for in part out of a British pension.
Nana's father, a well-educated Deccani Brahmin, had travelled with his family from the Western Ghats to become a court official of the former Peshwa at Bithoor. Lacking sons, Baji Rao adopted Nana Sahib and his younger brother in 1827; the mother of both children was a sister of one of the Peshwa's wives. Nana Sahib's childhood associates included Tantya Tope, Azimullah Khan and Manikarnika Tambe who became famous as Rani Lakshmibai. Tantya Tope was the son of Pandurang Rao Tope, an important noble at the court of the Peshwa Baji Rao II. After Baji Rao II was exiled to Bithoor, Pandurang Rao and his family shifted there. Tantya Tope was the fencing master to Nana Sahib. Azimullah Khan joined the court of Nana Sahib as Secretary, after the death of Baji Rao II in 1851, he became the dewan in Nana Sahib's court. The Doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy devised by Lord Dalhousie, the British Governor-General of India between 1848 and 1856. According to the Doctrine, any princely state or territory under the direct influence of the British East India Company, as a vassal state under the British Subsidiary System, would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a direct heir".
The latter supplanted the long-established legal right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor. In addition, the British were to decide; the doctrine and its application were regarded by Indians as illegitimate. At that time, the Company had absolute, imperial administrative jurisdiction over many regions spread over the subcontinent; the company took over the princely states of Satara and Sambalpur, Baghat and Jhansi using this doctrine. The British took over Awadh claiming; the Company added about four million pounds sterling to its annual revenue by the use of this doctrine. With the increasing power of the East India Company, discontent simmered amongst sections of Indian society and the indigenous armed Jhansi forces. Under the Peshwa's will Nana Sahib was, through his adoption, heir-presumptive to the Maratha's throne, eligible for his adoptive father's continuing annual pension of £80,000 from the East India Company. However, after the death of Baji Rao II, the Company stopped the pension on the grounds that the Nana was not a natural born heir and that the kingdom no longer existed.
The Nana, while still wealthy, was offended by both the termination of the pension and by the suspension of various titles and grants, retained by Baji Rao in exile. Accordingly, Nana Sahib sent an envoy to England in 1853 to plead his case with the British Government. However, Azimullah Khan was unable to convince the British to resume the pension, he returned to India in 1855. Nana Sahib won the confidence of the Collector of Kanpur, it was planned that Nana Sahib would assemble a force of 1,500 soldiers to support the British, in case the rebellion spread to Cawnpore. On 6 June 1857, at the time of the rebellion by forces of the East India Company at Cawnpore, the British contingent had taken refuge at an entrenchment in the northern part of the town. Amid the prevailing chaos in Cawnpore and his forces entered the British magazine situated in the northern part of the town; the soldiers of the 53rd Native Infantry, who were guarding the magazine, thought that Nana had come to guard the magazine on behalf of the Company.
However, once he entered the magazine, Nana Sahib announced that he was a participant in the rebellion against the Company, intended to be a vassal of Bahadur Shah II. After taking possession of the Company treasury, Nana advanced up the Grand Trunk Road stating that he wanted to restore the Maratha confederacy under the Peshwa tradition, decided to capture Cawnpore. On his way, Nana met the rebel Company soldiers at Kalyanpur; the soldiers were on their way to Delhi, to meet Bahadur Shah II. Nana wanted them to go back to Cawnpore, help him defeat the British; the soldiers were reluctant at first, but decided to join Nana when he promised to double their pay and reward them with gold, if they were to destroy the British entrenchment. On 5 June 1857, Nana Sahib sent a letter to General Wheeler informing him to expect an attack next morning at 10 am. On 6 June, his forces attacked the Company entrench
Bhanpura is a town and a nagar panchayat in Mandsaur district, located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It was ruled by the Chandrawats of Mewar during the times of Rana Sanga's rule; the town is home to a number of historic places such as the Daraki-Chattan region, one of the world's oldest rock arts, Chaturbhujnath Nala rock art shelters, the Hinglajgarh Fort. Bhanpura has a museum that displays the popular arts of Mandsaur, including art from the Gupta era until the time of Pratiharas and Parmaras; the excavation at Daraki-Chattan revealed immense information on the cultural occupation of the site. Daraki-Chattan is a small and narrow cleft or cave in the tall cliff faces of Indragarh Hill in the Vindhya range, overlooking the Rewa river valley; the cave is 1.4 metres wide at its mouth, from where it continuously narrows down in width closing at the depth of 8.4 m from its mouth. The cave is 7.4 m in height. It bears more than five hundred patinated cupules on both of its vertical walls.
The Daraki-Chattan cupules were discovered by Ramesh Kumar Pancholi in 1992. The Archaeological Survey of India took up Daraki-Chattan region near Bhanpura as a case for the study of early petroglyphs in India, commenced excavation under Giriraj Kumar in 2002. Daraki-Chattan reveals the past of an extensive rock art in this cave; the collection of stone artifact assemblage from the excavation undoubtedly reveals that the shelter was occupied by the Acheulean man. The experts studying the petroglyphs claim it to be the "oldest rock art in the world", about 2 to 5 lakh years old. In order to study the early cupules in India, an international project called "Early Indian Petroglyphs" was established in 2000, it is a joint venture by researchers from Rock Art Society of India and Australian Rock Art Association, under the supervision of the International Federation of Rock Art Organizations, Robert Bednarik and Giriraj Kumar. Bhanpura gets its name from a king named Bhaman, it was ruled by the Chandrawats of Mewar in the 16th century.
Chandrawat of Bhanpura held the title of'Rao'. The Chandrawats descend from Chanda Singh, were powerful chiefs in Mewar, they migrated from Mewar due to internal strife. At that time, Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar, a strong nationalist, decided to drive the British out of India. After keeping the British out of his state, he built 200 cannons at a factory in Bhanpur, he gathered an army of 1 lakh soldiers to attack Calcutta. The stress of the work and the death of his nephews, Khanderao Holkar II on 3 February 1806 at Shahapura, Kashirao Holkar in 1808 at Bijagad, led to his sudden death in Mandsaur on 28 October 1811 at the age of 35. A Chhatri was constructed on the site of death of Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar in Bhanpura, completed in 1841; this Chhatri houses a marble statue of Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar. The ruins of the cannon factory can be seen in villages of Indragarh near Bhanpura. Bhanpura is located at 24.52°N 75.73°E / 24.52. It has an average elevation of 384 metres. Bhanpura is 127 km north-east of Mandsaur, south of Hinglajgarh and Navali in Mandsaur district.
As of 2001 India census, Bhanpura had a population of 16,493. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Bhanpura had an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. 13% of the population was under 6 years of age. The Chhatri of Yashwantrao Holkar houses a museum of popular arts of Mandsaur. Art from the Gupta era until the time of Pratiharas and Parmaras is on display. Sculpted portraits of Uma-Maheshwar, Vishnu and Nandi are displayed; the Bhanpura Museum has a collection of statues gathered from the nearby areas. The statues include depictions of Chamunda, Mahishasuramardini, gauri and Chaturbhuja Vishnu; the 11th-century Nandi statue is attractive. In front of the Nandi, there is laddus in a plate. Another statue of great importance is that of Uma-Maheshwar, adorned with ornaments, in which Uma-Maheshwar is depicted as riding the Nandi; the museum houses the archaeological material found during construction of Gandhi sagar dam. There is a collection of arms and ammunition from historic wars.
Oil paintings from around Bhanpura have been displayed here. The Nandi and Uma-Maheshwar sculptures have been loaned to France and Washington, D. C. for display in Indian art festivals. Hinglajgarh or Hinglaj Fort is an ancient fort situated near Navali village in the Bhanpura tehsil of Mandsaur district in Madhya Pradesh, it is located at 25°30' N 65°31' E. It is situated at a distance of 165 km from 26 km from Bhanpura in Madhya Pradesh; this fort was at its peak of grandeur during the Parmara rule. There are many artistic sculptures of various periods in this fort; the Nandi and Uma-Maheshwar sculptures were sent from here to France and Washington for display in Indian festivals. Hinglajgarh has been the centre of excellence in craftsmanship of sculptures for about 800 years; the statues recovered from this fort are from Gupta period to the Parmara period. The most ancient statues are from 4th to 5th century AD. Chaturbhujnath Nala rock art shelters were discovered in 1973,by Dr. Ramesh kumar pancholi and are one of the Longest Rock Art Galleries in the world.
They are situated near the Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary, 30 kilometres from Bhanpura in the Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh. It is located along a perennial stream called the Chaturbhujnath Nala, stretching in a 5-kilometre-long rock art gallery, with thousands o
Shivaji Bhonsle was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned as the chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad. Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, Sultanate of Golkonda, Sultanate of Bijapur, as well as European colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence and building forts, forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with well-structured administrative organisations, he revived ancient Hindu political traditions and court conventions and promoted the usage of Marathi and Sanskrit, rather than Persian, in court and administration. Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time but he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many elevated him as a proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus.
In Maharashtra, debates over his history and role have engendered great passion and sometimes violence as disparate groups have sought to characterise him and his legacy. Shivaji was born near the city of Junnar in what is now Pune district. Scholars disagree on his date of birth; the Government of Maharashtra lists 19 February as a holiday commemorating Shivaji's birth. Shivaji was named after the goddess Shivai. Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general, his mother was Jijabai, the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhavrao of Sindhkhed, a Mughal-aligned sardar claiming descent from a Yadav royal family of Devagiri. At the time of Shivaji's birth, power in Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: Bijapur and Golkonda. Shahaji changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshah of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his jagir at Pune and his small army. Shivaji was devoted to his mother Jijabai, religious, his studies of the Hindu epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata influenced his lifelong defence of Hindu values.
He was interested in religious teachings, sought the company of Hindu and Sufi saints. Shahaji, meanwhile had married Tuka Bai from the Mohite family. Having made peace with the Mughals, ceding them six forts, he went to serve the Sultanate of Bijapur, he moved Shivaji and Jijabai from Shivneri to Pune and left them in the care of his jagir administrator, Dadoji Konddeo, credited with overseeing the education and training of young Shivaji. Many of Shivaji's comrades, a number of his soldiers, came from the Maval region, including Yesaji Kank, Suryaji Kakade, Baji Pasalkar, Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Tanaji Malusare. Shivaji traveled the hills and forests of the Sahyadri range with his Maval friends, gaining skills and familiarity with the land that would prove useful in his military career. Shivaji's independent spirit and his association with the Maval youths did not sit well with Dadoji, who complained without success to Shahaji. In 1639, Shahaji was stationed at Bangalore, conquered from the nayaks who had taken control after the demise of the Vijayanagara Empire.
He was asked to settle the area. Shivaji was taken to Bangalore where he, his elder brother Sambhaji, his half brother Ekoji I were further formally trained, he married Saibai from the prominent Nimbalkar family in 1640. As early as 1645, the teenage Shivaji expressed his concept in a letter. In 1645, the 15-year-old Shivaji bribed or persuaded Inayat Khan, the Bijapuri commander of the Torna Fort, to hand over possession of the fort to him; the Maratha Firangoji Narsala, who held the Chakan fort, professed his loyalty to Shivaji, the fort of Kondana was acquired by bribing the Bijapuri governor. On 25 July 1648, Shahaji was imprisoned by Baji Ghorpade under the orders of Bijapuri ruler Mohammed Adilshah, in a bid to contain Shivaji. According to Sarkar, Shahaji was released in 1649 after the capture of Jinji secured Adilshah's position in Karnataka. During these developments, from 1649–1655 Shivaji paused in his conquests and consolidated his gains. After his release, Shahaji retired from public life, died around 1664–1665 in a hunting accident.
Following his father's release, Shivaji resumed raiding, in 1656, under controversial circumstances, killed Chandrarao More, a fellow Maratha feudatory of Bijapur, seized from him the valley of Javali. Adilshah was displeased at his losses to Shivaji's forces. Having ended his conflict with the Mughals and having a greater ability to respond, in 1657 Adilshah sent Afzal Khan, a veteran general, to arrest Shivaji. Before engaging him, the Bijapuri forces desecrated the Tulja Bhavani Temple, holy to Shivaji's family, the Vithoba temple at Pandharpur, a major pilgrimage site for the Hindus. Pursued by Bijapuri forces, Shivaji retreated to Pratapgad fort, where many of his colleagues pressed him to surrender; the two forces found themselves at a stalemate, with Shivaji unable to break the siege, while Afzal Khan, having a powerful cavalry but lacking siege equipment, was unable to take the fort. After two months, Afzal Khan sent an envoy to Shivaji suggesting the two leaders meet in private outside the fort to parley.
The two met in a hut at the foothills of Pratapgad fort on 10 November 1659. The arrangements had dictated that each come armed only with a sword, attended by one follower. Shivaji, either suspecting Afzal Khan would arrest or attack him, o
Balaji Baji Rao known as Nana Saheb, was a Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India. He was appointed as Peshwa in 1740 upon the death of his illustrious father, the Peshwa Bajirao I. During his tenure, the Chhatrapati was reduced to a mere figurehead. At the same time, the Maratha empire started transforming into a confederacy, in which individual chiefs — such as the Holkars, the Scindias and the Bhonsles of Nagpur kingdom — became more powerful. During Balaji Rao's tenure, the Maratha territory reached its zenith. A large part of this expansion, was led by the individual chiefs, whose acts of plundering alienated the masses. By the end of Balaji Baji Rao's tenure, the Peshwa was reduced to more of a financier than a general. Unlike his father, Balaji baji Rao was not a great military leader and failed to gauge the seriousness of Durrani invasions in northern India; this resulted in a massive Maratha defeat at the Third Battle of Panipat. Some judicial and revenue reforms were made during his tenure, but the credit for these goes to his cousin Sadashivrao Bhau and his associate Balshastri Gadgil.
Balaji Rao was born in the Bhat family, to Peshwa Baji Rao I, on 8 December 1720. After Baji Rao died in April 1740, Chhatrapati Shahu appointed 19-year old Balaji as the Peshwa in August 1740, despite opposition from other chiefs such as Shahu's own relative Raghoji I Bhonsle, he was married to Gopikabai. The couple had three sons, Vishwasrao who died in the battle of Panipat in 1761, Madhavrao who succeeded Nanasaheb as Peshwa and Narayanrao who succeeded Madhavrao in his late teens. Nanasaheb had an able brother called Raghunathrao whose ambitions to be the Peshwa became disastrous for the Maratha empire. In early years of Balaji Rao's tenure, Raghoji I Bhonsle helped extend Maratha influence in South and East India. However, he was not on good terms with the Peshwa. Shortly before Balaji's appointment as the Peshwa, Raghoji had led a Maratha force to South India, his mission was to help Pratap Singh of Thanjavur, a royal of the Bhonsle clan, against Dost Ali Khan. Raghoji killed Dost Ali in May 1740, installed Dost Ali's son Safdar Ali Khan as the Nawab of Arcot.
He returned to Satara, unsuccessfully lodged a protest against Balaji Rao's appointment as the Peshwa. He returned to South India, where he defeated Chanda Sahib in March 1741, before being forced to retreat by Chanda Sahib's French allies from Pondicherry. After returning to Satara, Raghoji continued to oppose Balaji Rao. In 1743, Raghoji Bhonsle attacked Alivardi Khan's forces in Orissa. Khan paid ₹ 2,000,000 to Balaji Rao, who helped him expel Raghoji from Orissa in 1744. Raghoji complained to Chhatrapati Shahu, got himself appointed the in-charge of Marathas in Orissa and Bihar. By 1752, Raghoji had taken over administration of Orissa, frequently raided Bengal and Bihar to collect chauth; the instability brought by him to Bengal paved way for the rise of the East India Company there. The Maratha noblewoman Tarabai was the head of a family, a rival claimant to the Chhatrapati title. A rival of Chhatrapati Shahu, she pretended reconciliation with him. In the 1740s, during the last years of Shahu's life, Tarabai brought a child to him: Rajaram II.
She presented the child as her grandson, thus, a direct descendant of Shivaji. Shahu adopted the child, after his death in 1749, Rajaram II succeeded him as the Chhatrapati; the next year, Peshwa Balaji Rao left to fight against the Nizam of Hyderabad. In his absence, Tarabai urged Rajaram II to remove him from the post of Peshwa; when Rajaram refused, she imprisoned him in a dungeon at Satara, on 24 November 1750. She claimed that he was an impostor, that she had falsely presented him as her grandson. Tarabai was unsuccessful in getting support from the Nizam Salabat Jung. However, she managed to enlist the help of Umabai Dabhade. Umabai Dabhade was the matriarch of the Dabhade family, whose members held the title of senapati and controlled several territories in Gujarat, her husband had been killed by the Mughals, her eldest son had been killed by Balaji Rao's father for a rebellion against Chhatrapati Shahu. However, Shahu had forgiven the Dabhades and allowed them to retain their jagirs and titles on the condition that they would remit half of the revenues collected from Gujarat to his treasury.
Umabai's minor son Yashwant Rao was made the titular senapati, while she held the actual executive power in Maratha territories of Gujarat. The Dabhades never shared any revenues, but Shahu did not want to take any action against a grieving mother. However, after Shahu's death Peshwa Balaji Rao faced an empty treasury and pressurized the Dabhades to share Gujarat revenues as per the agreement. Umabai met him in 1750 and argued that the agreement was void because the Dabhades had signed it under force; the Peshwa refused to entertain this argument. Umabai dispatched 15,000 troops led by her lieutenant Damaji Rao Gaekwad in support of Tarabai's rebellion. Gaekwad advanced towards Pune, prompting the Peshwa's mother Kashibai and his grandmother Radhabai to flee from Pune to Sinhagad. While encamped at Pargaon near Pune, he received a letter from the Peshwa loyalist Mahadji Purandare, who denounced him as a traitor. Subsequently, Gaekwad started advancing towards Satara. Mahadji's brother Trimbakrao Purandare led a 20,000-strong force against him.
Gaekwad defeated him at a small town north of Satara. He marched to Satara, where he was received by Tarabai. However, Trimbakrao re-formed his army and on 15 March 1751, he attacked Gaekwad's army, encamped on the banks of the Venna River. Gaekwad was de
Yashwantrao Holkar
H. H. Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Shrimant Yashwant Rao Holkar Bahadur, belonging to the subordinate feudatory Holkar dynasty of the Maratha Empires was the subordinate feudatory raja of the Maratha Empire, he was born on 3 December 1776. He was a gifted military leader and educated in accountancy as well as literate in Persian and Marathi. Yashwant Rao has been referred to by some Indian historians as the "Napoleon of India". In January 1799, Yashwant Rao Holkar was crowned King, as per Hindu Vedic rites and in May, 1799, he captured Ujjain, he started campaigning towards the north to expand his empire in that region. Yashwant Rao rebelled against the policies of the Peshwa Baji Rao II. In May 1802, he marched towards Pune the seat of the Peshwa; this gave rise to the Battle of Poona. After the defeat, the Peshwa fled from Pune; the Conquest of Pune left Yashwant Rao Holkar in charge of the administration and he made some constructive steps to rebuild the Maratha Empire. Realising the growing British strength in India, Yashwant Rao Holkar decided to make a stand against the British.
Accompanied by Raghuji Bhonsale and Daulat Scindia, Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar on 4 June 1803 decided to fight against the British force after their meeting at Bodwad. However, after a conspiracy against him, he decided not to be a part of the Maratha Confederacy. To curb the power of British, Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar wrote letters to different rulers and welcomed them to get unite and fight against the British power. But, all his plans and appeal went in vain as all the kings had signed treaties with the British. Afterwards, Yashwant Rao decided to fight against the British on his own, he defeated the British army, led by Colonel Fawcett, at Kunch, in Bundelkhand as well as attacked Delhi to free the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, imprisoned by the British and attacked the army of Colonel Ochterlony and Berne. This battle lasted for a week, but Yashwant Rao Holkar could not succeed because Colonel Ochterlony was supported by Lord Lake. Yashwant Rao Holkar won the title of "Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Alija Bahadur" as a token of admiration by Mughal Emperor Shah Alam for his bravery.
Afraid of the possibility of Yashwant Rao Holkar uniting the Indian rajas against them, the British decided to make peace with Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar. Yashwant Rao Holkar proceeded to sign a treaty with the British on 24 December 1805, at Rajghat. Yashwant Rao was known to be the only king in India whom the British approached to sign a peace treaty on equal terms; the British returned all his territory, accepted his dominion over Jaipur, Kota and affirmed not to interfere in matters relating to the Holkars. The victorious king started ruling his newly expanded kingdom. Though Yashwant Rao Holkar again tried to unite the Maratha Confederacy and appealed to Daulatrao Scindia, but Scindia gave the information about this letter to the local British resident, Marsor. Holkar and Scindia agreed on eleven defensive and offensive strategies on 14 November 1807. To make his plan a success he decided to stay in Bhanpura to form a large army and manufacture cannons, he was successful in his endeavour of keeping the British out of his state and started making preparations to drive the British out of India.
He assembled an army of 100,000 soldiers to attack Calcutta, however, on 27 October 1811 he died, unexpectedly. Kashi Rao Holkar was not an able ruler, but Malhar Rao Holkar had all the qualities of an able ruler and was a military leader. Malharrao and Yashwantrao opposed Kashirao and demanded that Malharrao should be the heir after Maharaja Tukojirao. Another reason was the courage and bravery shown by Malharrao in the Battle of Lakhairi, where the Holkars were defeated by the well-trained modern army of Scindia under the command of Benoît de Boigne, he stood till the last soldier fell in the battlefield, was wounded and fell unconscious there. Support was growing for Malharrao, Kashirao felt his authority was in danger—so he sought the help of the Scindia, who were considered jealous of the Holkars, due to the growing prominence and rising power of Holkars in North India; this move angered the people, as during the siege of the Kumher fort in 1754, Scindias had agreed to sign the treaty with Surajmal Jat though Malharrao's son Khanderao was killed during the siege.
On 14 September 1797, Daulat Rao Scindia attacked Malharrao and killed him. He imprisoned Malharrao's pregnant wife, who gave birth to Khande Rao Holkar, Bhimabai Holkar, daughter of Yashwantrao Holkar. Nana Phadnawis condemned this, so Peshwa Bajirao II, Sarjarao Ghatke imprisoned him. Yashwantrao Holkar took shelter at Nagpur's Raghoji II Bhonsle; when Scindia learned this, he asked Raghoji II Bhonsle to arrest Yashwantrao Holkar. Bhawani Shankar Khatri, with Yashwantrao, helped him to escape, both of them escaped from Nagpur on 6 April 1798. After these incidents, Yashwantrao Holkar never trusted anybody. Meanwhile, support for Yashwantrao Holkar was growing. Vithojirao Holkar, Fatthesinh Mane, Aamir Khan, Bhawani Shankar Bakshi, Zunzhar Naik, Govardhan Naik, Rana Bhau Sinha, Balaji Kamlakar, Abhay Sinha, Bharmal Dada, Parashar Dada, Govind Pant Ganu, Harmat Sinha, Shamrao Mahadik, Jiwaji Yashwant, Harnath Chela, Vazir Hussain, Shahmat Khan, Gaffur Khan, Fatteh Khan had joined the army of Yashwantrao Holkar.
The King of Dhar, Anandrao Pawar, requested Yashwantrao Holkar's help in curbing the rebellion of one of his ministers, Rangnath.
Madhavrao I
Madhav Rao I was the fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. During his tenure, the Maratha empire recovered from the losses they suffered during the Third Battle of Panipat, a phenomenon known as Maratha Resurrection, he is considered one of the greatest Peshwas in Maratha history. Madhavrao was second son of Nanasaheb Peshwa, he was born in Savnur in 1745. At the time of his birth, Maratha Empire was stretched across a sizeable portion of Western and Northern India. On December 9, 1753, Madhavrao married Ramabai in Pune. Nanasaheb had expanded the Maratha Empire and had tried to establish better governance. However, he was held responsible for the severe defeat of the Marathas by Ahmad Shah Abdali at the Third Battle of Panipat; the Marathas suffered heavy losses including Nanasaheb's eldest son and heir Vishwasrao and cousin Sadashivrao Bhau. He died on June 1761 at Parvati in Pune. After his father's death, the sixteen-year-old Madhav Rao was made the next Peshwa of Maratha Empire, his father's brother Raghunathrao was to act as regent.
At the ascendancy of Madhavrao, the Maratha empire was in complete shambles as their defeat at Panipat had accumulated big debts to their wealth. At Shaniwar Wada, the prime residence of Peshwa, religious rituals and ceremonies were being conducted; the discipline required for the smooth running of administrative affairs was non-existent. The security at the treasury was poor; when these weaknesses were brought to Madhavrao's notice and he introduced changes by looking into the administration and the treasury. He reduced the religious practices being followed at Shaniwar Wada. In February 1762, Peshwas set out to conquer Karnataka; this was one of the earliest wars against the Nizam when conflict arose between Madhavrao and his uncle Raghunathrao. Due to difference of opinion between the two, Raghunathrao decided to abandon the troop midway and return to Pune, while Madhavrao continued. A treaty was signed with the Nizam and Madhavrao returned. Both Madhavrao and Raghunathrao had their preferences over the Sardars.
Madhavrao preferred the company of Gopalrao Patwardhan, Tryambakrao Mama Pethe, Nana Fadnavis and Ramshastri Prabhune. The discord between Madhavrao and Raghunathrao was increasing and on August 22, 1762, Raghunathrao fled to Vadgaon Maval where he started grooming his own army. Raghunathrao's men started looting this act angered Madhavrao, he decided to wage a war against his uncle Ragunathrao on November 7, 1762. However, Madhavrao didn't wish to battle against his own uncle and thus, proposed for a treaty. Raghunathrao agreed to sign the treaty with Madhavrao and asked him to move back to a non-attacking position. Madhavrao did so. However, Raghunathrao deceived Madhavrao; when the Maratha camp under Madhavrao was relaxed and unsuspecting of a battle, they were caught unawared as Raghunathrao attacked treacherously. Thus, Madhavrao was defeated in this war and on November 12, 1762 surrendered himself to Raghunathrao near Alegaon. After the surrender, Raghunathrao decided to control all the major decisions under the assistance of Sakharam Bapu.
He decided to befriend Nizam, but this proved to be a wrong masterplan as Nizam started infiltrating the zones of Maratha Empire. As time slipped by, Madhavrao pointed out the gravity of the situation to his uncle. On March 7, 1763 the Peshwas, once again under Madhavrao's leadership, decided to attack Aurangabad to crush Nizam. After months of chasing, Peshwas faced Nizam's army on August 10, 1763 in the Battle of Rakshasbhuvan near Aurangabad. Nizam's army suffered huge losses in Nizam retreated. In January 1764, for the second time, Madhavrao decided to gather up his defences and conquer Hyder Ali; this time his massive army included efficient generals like Gopalrao Patwardhan, Murarrao Ghorpade and Naro Shankar. Raghunathrao instead chose to visit Nashik; this was a long conquest which went for a year in and around the districts of Karnataka. However, Hyder Ali somehow managed to escape the clutches of the Peshwas. Madhavrao decided to call Raghunathrao for his assistance, but Raghunathrao only signed a treaty with Hyder Ali, much to Madhavrao's disappointment.
Raghunathrao intentionally made this move, since he was now fearfully aware of Madhavrao's burgeoning power. Additionally, his loyal assistant Sakharam bapu warned him against the consequences of conquering Hyder Ali. Peshwa's failure to impose authority over Hyder Ali triggered a major setback on Madhavrao's health. In 1767, Madhavrao I organized a 3rd expedition against Hyder Ali and inflicted defeats on Hyder Ali in the battles of Sira and Madgiri and made a surprise discovery of Queen Virammaji the last ruler of the Keladi Nayaka Kingdom and her son who were kept in confinement in the fort of Madgiri by Hyder Ali, they were sent to Pune for protection. Peshwas were expanding their territory in the northern regions of India. Raghunathrao and Shindes together marched towards Delhi with the intention of expanding the Maratha Empire in these territories. In the meanwhile, Madhavrao made a bold decision of bonding with his old rival, Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II; the Nizam genuinely expressed his desire to increase the relationship and thus the two met at Kurumkhed on February 5, 1766.
The next few days saw open expressions of concern. The levels of mutual understanding alleviated and this relationship started growing stronger. On December 3, 1767, British officer Mastin arr
Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara
Pratap Singh Bhosle was the Emperor of the Maratha Empire, Satara from 1808 to 1819 but the main control was under the hands of the ministers who had carved out their own kingdoms like the Bhosle of Nagpur, Shindes of Gwalior, Holkars of Indore and Gaekwads of Baroda. The power of peshwas was reduced after 1761, he was Mahraja of Satara until 1839. Pratap Singh was the eldest son of Shahu II of Satara, whom he succeeded, a descendant of Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Pratap Singh has build Pune-Satara Road, Build New Palace called Rajwada, used as a court last 150 years, In that Rajwada a school started around 1851, named Pratapsinh High School in which Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar learned till 4th standard,his date of birth 14th April 1891 record we can see in that school record, Pratapsinh started a Private Library in Satara town, in 1851 given to common public of Satara by his wife, The library now known as Nagar Vachanalaya and now renamed as Chhatrapati Pratap Sinh Maharaj Nagar Vachanalay Satara.
He built Satara-Medha-Mahabaleshwar Road. In Mahabaleshwar State. Rajpath 2 ways from Rajwada to Powai Naka were built by him, he started 2 schools for English, Persian and Sanskrit in satara. Modern Satara is his creation as Chh Shahu's RangMahal was burned in a fire, So Jal Mandir Palace he built a residence for him and his family where now Chh Udayan Raje Bhosale lives, he was dethroned and stripped of his powers and personal possessions in 1839. He was granted an allowance for his maintenance. Rango Bapuji Gupte a loyal Sardar to him fight a lot in legal battles up to London but invain to give justice to his beloved king, he was succeeded by his brother, Appa Saheb, under the title Shreemant Maharaj Shaji Raja Chhatrapati of Satara. Appa Saheb became known as Raja Shahaji. Naregal, Veena. "The Mutiny in Western India: The'Marginal' as Regional Dynamic". In Bates, Crispin. Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857. 1. SAGE Publications India. Pp. 169–188. ISBN 978-8-13211-336-2
Maharaja [videos]
Mahārāja is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or "high king". A few ruled mighty states informally called empires, including Jat ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire, and Maharaja Sri Gupta, founder …
Indore [videos]
Indore is the most populous and the largest city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and first city to have campuses of both the Indian Institute of …
Clockwise from top: skyline of Mangal City area (Vijay Nagar), Rajwada Palace, Daly College, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Regional Park aerial view, Patalpani Waterfalls
Manufacturing of corrugated paper
Nicotine playing at 'Pedal To The Metal', TDS, Indore, in 2014
The Indore Junction eastern entrance
Coronation [videos]
A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head. The term generally also refers not only to the physical crowning but to the whole ceremony wherein the act of crowning occurs, along with the presentation of other items of regalia, marking the formal investiture of …
The coronation of Charles VII of France (1429), detail of the painting Jeanne d'Arc (1886–1890) by Jules Eugène Lenepveu
Miniature of Charlemagne crowned emperor by Pope Leo III, from Chroniques de France ou de Saint Denis, vol. 1; France, second quarter of 14th century.
Roger II of Sicily receiving his crown directly from Jesus Christ, mosaic from Martorana, Palermo
An ancient coronation from the Indian subcontinent
Bhanpura [videos]
Bhanpura is a town and a nagar panchayat in Mandsaur district, located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It was ruled by the Chandrawats of Mewar during the times of Rana Sanga's rule. The town is home to a number of historic places such as the Daraki-Chattan region, which is one of the …
Rock painting in Bhanpura
A rock painting at Seeta Khardi near Bhanpura
Chhatri of Yashwantrao Holkar in Bhanpura
Darbar Hall, Hinglajgarh
Hinduism [videos]
Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia. Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as Sanātana Dharma, "the eternal tradition", or the "eternal …
A Balinese Hindu family after puja at Bratan temple in Bali, Indonesia.
Ganesha is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon
Temple wall panel relief sculpture at the Hoysaleswara temple in Halebidu, representing the Trimurti: Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu
Indore State [videos]
Indore State, also known as Holkar State, was a Maratha princely state in India during the British Raj. Its rulers belonged to the Holkar dynasty and the state was under the Central India Agency. Indore was a 19 gun salute princely state. — Indore princely state was …
The Rajawada (Old Palace) of Indore
The Sukhnivas Palace
The Maharaja of Indore on his state elephant
Yashwant Rao Holkar and Ranjit Singh in 1805
Shivaji [videos]
Shivaji Bhonsle was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally …
Shivaji's portrait (1680s) in the Rijksmuseum
An early-20th-century painting by Sawlaram Haldankar of Shivaji fighting the Bijapuri general Afzal Khan
Pratapgad fort
Raja Jai Singh of Amber receiving Shivaji a day before concluding the Treaty of Purandar
Sambhaji [videos]
Sambhaji was the second ruler of the Maratha kingdom. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire and his first wife Saibai. He was successor of the realm after his father's death, and ruled it for nine years. Sambhaji's rule was largely shaped …
WatanPatra, grant document, by Chh. Sambhaji
Stone arch at Tulapur confluence where Sambhaji was executed
Statue of Sambhaji at Tulapur
A painting of Sambhaji, late 17th century
Peshwa [videos]
A Peshwa was the equivalent of a modern Prime Minister in the Maratha Empire of India. Originally, the Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati, but later, they became the de facto leaders of the Marathas, and the Chatrapati was reduced to a nominal ruler. During the …
Extent of the Maratha Empire, 1795
Statue of Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath at Shrivardhan
H.H. Shrimant Bajirao Balaji (Ballal) Peshwa (aka Bajirao the First)
Baji Rao I [videos]
Baji Rao was a general of the Maratha Empire in India. He served as Peshwa to the fifth Maratha Chhatrapati Shahu from 1720 until his death. He is also known by the name Bajirao Ballal.Baji Rao is credited with expanding the Maratha Empire …
Shaniwarwada palace fort in Pune was built as the seat of the Peshwa rulers during Bajirao's reign.
The memorial chhatri
An Information plaque below the statue in the memorial
Image: Peshwa Baji Rao I riding horse
Nana Sahib [videos]
Nana Sahib, born as Dhondu Pant, was an Indian Peshwa of Maratha empire, aristocrat and fighter, who led the rebellion in Cawnpore during the 1857 uprising. As the adopted son of the exiled Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II, Nana Sahib believed that he was entitled to a …
A picture of "Nana Sahib" published in The Illustrated London News, 1857
Nana Sahib with his escort. Steel engraved print of 1860, published in History of the Indian Mutiny
Provenance: This sword belonged to the Nana who was held responsible by the British for the massacre at Cawnpore during the Indian mutiny in 1857, it subsequently passed into the ownership of Brigadier Major Henry Templer who commanded the 7th Regiment Bengal Infantry.
Image: Peshwa of Kanpur
Ahilyabai Holkar [videos]
Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar was the Holkar Queen of the Maratha Malwa kingdom, India. Rajmata Ahilyabai was born in the village of Chondi in Jamkhed, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. She moved the capital to Maheshwar south of Indore on the Narmada River. — Ahilyabai's husband …
Ahilyabai Holkar on a 1996 stamp of India
The Royal Palace of Maheshwar
Courtyard of the royal palace (Rajwada), Maheshwar
Statue of Ahilya Bai Holkar in the royal palace, Maheshwar
Yashwantrao Holkar [videos]
H. H. Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Shrimant Yashwant Rao Holkar Bahadur, belonging to the subordinate feudatory Holkar dynasty of the Maratha Empires was the subordinate feudatory raja of the Maratha Empire. He was born on 3 December 1776. He was a gifted military leader …
Maratha State 1805
Yashwantrao Holkar was the greatest Maharaja of Holkar
Image: Yashwant Rao Holkar I
Holkar [videos]
The Holkar dynasty was a Maratha clan of Dhangar origin in India. The Holkars were generals under Peshwa Baji Rao I, and later becane Maharajas of Indore in Central India as an independent member of the Maratha Empire until 1818. Later, their kingdom became a princely state under the protectorate …
The gate of Rajwada, royal palace of the Holkar dynasty, Indore.
Fort Ahilya in Maheshwar
A Statue of Ahilyabai Holkar at Datta Temple
Ramchandra Pant Amatya [videos]
Ramchandra Neelkanth Bawadekar, also known as Ramchandra Pant Amatya, served on the Council of 8 as the Finance Minister to Emperor Shivaji dating from 1674 to 1680. He then served as the Imperial Regent to four later emperors …
Ramchandrapant Amatya Statue at Maisaheb Bavdekar School, Kolhapur
Coat of Arms of Pant Amatya Gaganbavada
Pant Amatya Wada at Gaganbavada
Maratha Empire [videos]
The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian power that dominated many portions of Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. The empire formally existed from 1674 with the coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji and ended in 1818 with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II. The Marathas are …
Sambhaji, eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Shaniwarwada palace fort in Pune, it was the seat of the Peshwa rulers of the Maratha Empire until 1818.
Balaji Vishwanath [videos]
Balaji Vishwanath, better known as Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, was the sixth Peshwa and the first of a series of hereditary Peshwas hailing from the Chitpavan Kokanastha Brahmin Hindu family who gained effective control of the Maratha Empire during the 18th century. Balaji …
A painting of Balaji Vishwanath Peshwa in the Peshwa Memorial at the Parvati Hill temple complex, Pune
An information plaque describing Balaji Vishwanath Peshwa, a part of the Peshwa Memorial at Shrivardhan, Konkan
Rajaram I [videos]
Rajaram Raje Bhosale was the younger son of Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, and half-brother of Sambhaji Maharaj. He took over the Maratha Empire as its third Chhatrapati after his brother's death at the hands of the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb in …
A memorial atop Sinhgad Fort marking the place of death of Rajaram.
Image: Chhatrapati Rajaram
Balaji Baji Rao [videos]
Balaji Baji Rao, also known as Nana Saheb, was a Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India. He was appointed as Peshwa in 1740 upon the death of his illustrious father, the Peshwa Bajirao I. — During his tenure, the Chhatrapati was …
The samadhi of Peshwa Nana Saheb
Image: Painting at Prince of Wales museum
Madhavrao II [videos]
Peshwa Madhav Rao II was Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India, from his infancy. He was known as Sawai Madhav Rao or Madhav Rao Narayan. He was the posthumous son of Narayanrao Peshwa, murdered in 1773 on …
A Representation of the delivery of the Ratified Treaty of 1790 by Sir Chas Warre Malet Bart to His Highness Soneae Peshwa, in full Durbar or Court as held upon that occasion at Poonah in the East Indies on 6 July 1790
Image: Madhu Rao Narayan the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and attendants Poona 1792 by James Wales
Jijabai [videos]
Jijabai Shahaji Bhosale, referred to as Rajmata Jijabai, was the mother of Shivaji, founder of Maratha Empire. She was a daughter of Lakhuji Jadhavrao of Sindhkhed. — History — Jijabai was born on 12 January 1598, as the daughter of Laojiao Jadhav of Deulgaon …
A statue of Jijabai and young Shivaji Maharaj
Jijabai on a 1999 stamp of India
Baji Rao II [videos]
Baji Rao II was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, and governed from 1795 to 1818. He was installed as a puppet ruler by the Maratha nobles, whose growing power prompted him to flee his capital Pune and sign the Treaty of Bassein with the British …
Image: Dhakate Bajirava Saheb. Coloured lithograph, 1888. Wellcome V0045040
Krishna Bai Holkar [videos]
Maharani Krishna Bai Holkar was a queen of Yashwant Rao Holkar, Maharaja of Indore, and mother of Maharaja Malhar Rao Holkar II. — See also — Holkar — References …
Chhatri of Krishnabai Holkar
Rao Tula Ram [videos]
Rao Tularam Singh king of Rewari was one of the key leaders of the Indian rebellion of 1857 in Haryana, where he is considered a state hero.He is credited with temporarily driving all of the British rule from the south-west Haryana during the rebellion …
Rao Tula Ram on a 2001 stamp of India
Tarabai [videos]
Tarabai Bhosale was the regent of the Maratha Empire of India from 1700 until 1708. She was the queen of Chhatrapati Rajaram Bhosale, daughter-in-law of the empire's founder Shivaji and mother of Shivaji II. She is acclaimed for her role in keeping alive the …
A 1927 depiction of Tarabai in battle by noted Marathi painter M. V. Dhurandhar
Shahu I [videos]
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj was the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire created by his grandfather, Shivaji Maharaj. He was the son of Sambhaji, Shivaji's eldest son and successor. Shahu, as a child, was taken prisoner along with his mother in 1689 by Mughal sardar, Zulfikar Khan …
Image: Chhatrapati Shahu I
Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara [videos]
Pratap Singh Bhosle was the nominal emperor of the Maratha Empire, Satara from 1808 to 1819 but the main control was under the hands of Peshwas and Raja of Satara until 1839 when he was deposed by the British.Pratap Singh was the eldest son of Shahu II of …
Madhavrao I [videos]
Madhav Rao I was the fourth Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. During his tenure, the Maratha empire recovered from the losses they suffered during the Third Battle of Panipat, a phenomenon known as Maratha Resurrection. He is considered one of the greatest …
Portrait of Pradhanpant Shreemant Madhavrao Ballal Peshwa at the Yale Center for British Art
Narayan Rao [videos]
Narayan Rao was the fifth Peshwa or de facto ruler of the Maratha Empire from November 1772 until his murder in August 1773. He married Gangabai Sathe who later gave birth to Sawai Madhavrao Peshwa. — Early life and ascendancy to Peshwa throne — Narayan Rao was …
Image: Narayan Rao
Raghunathrao [videos]
Raghunathrao was a Peshwa of the Maratha Empire for a brief period from 1773 to 1774. — Early life — Raghunathrao, also known as "Raghoba", "Raghoba Dada" and "Ragho Bharari," was the younger brother of Nanasaheb Peshwa …
Image: Ragonath Row Ballajee
Maratha Peshwa and Generals from Bhat Family [videos]
The Peshwa family earlier known as Bhat family is a prominent Indian family who dominated India for around 100 years in the 18th century. Most of the members in this family were the Prime Ministers in Peshwa Era and that later became their surname. During their regime, most of India was under their …
Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi [videos]
Shriniwasrao Parshuram, popularly known as Shripatrao Pratinidhi or Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi, was a General of the Maratha Empire. He served as Pratinidhi during Chhatrapati Shahu I reign. — After the death of his father Parshuram Pant Pratinidhi in 1718, Shripat …
Image: Shrinivas Pant Pratinidhi
Anandibai [videos]
This article is about the Peshwa Queen. For the Indian doctor, see Anandi Gopal JoshiAnandibai is infamous in Maratha history for successfully plotting the death of her nephew - the 17-year-old Peshwa Narayanrao. Her husband Raghunathrao was acting regent and next in line for the throne, at the …
Shaniwar Wada - the place where the conspiracy of the murder of Narayanrao unfolded
Ancient Greek coinage [videos]
The history of ancient Greek coinage can be divided into four periods, the Archaic, the Classical, the Hellenistic and the Roman. The Archaic period extends from the introduction of coinage to the Greek world during the 7th century BC until the Persian Wars …
The earliest coinage of Athens, circa 545-525/15 BC
Archaic coin of Athens with effigy of Athena on the obverse, and olive sprig, owl and ΑΘΕ, initials of "Athens" on the reverse. Circa 510-500/490 BC
Above: Six rod-shaped obeloi (oboloi) displayed at the Numismatic Museum of Athens, discovered at Heraion of Argos. Below: grasp of six oboloi forming one drachma
A Syracusan tetradrachm (c. 415–405 BC) Obverse: head of the nymph Arethusa, surrounded by four swimming dolphins and a rudder Reverse: a racing quadriga, its charioteer crowned by the goddess Victory in flight.


Be careful if you are running High Sierra and have converted your SSD to the new file system. I replaced my logic board after updating to High Sierra and converting my SSD. The new board would not recognize the drive. I restored the system from a Sierra backup image and all is fine. My assumption is that the High SIerra update includes firmware changes to support the new file system.


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Nico Barrow is one of the best young runnning backs that Europe has to offer. Barrow is a young running back who plays for the Wasa Royals in Finland's top league. Although Nico is just a teenage , he has been dominating the men's league for the past two seasons. His combination of size , speed, and natrual play making ability has allowed him to stand above the rest of his competion. Recently we recognized Nico as a top 10 running back in the international class of 2022. He is also ranked 33rd overall in his recruit his class. Recently we sat down with Nico.
What is your favorite football moment of your life?
Probably would have to be winning the U20 championship game and earning the MVP award.
What goals do you have for yourself as a player this year?
My goals for myself this year are to keep improving as a player, help my team win a championship and to be a key contributor in doing so.
What career would you follow outside of being a professional athlete?
I would probably be studying sports science or to be a physiotherapist.
How do you handle the challenges in life and in football?
I love challenges in football, if it's easy, its boring and as far as life challenges I take them how they come and handle them but so that I don't lose myself in the process.
If you could meet and train with any football player in the world for 1 week, who would it be and why?
Definitely Marshawn Lynch just because he is such a character and as a kid, I used to watch his highlights everyday.
What do you love about football?
The brotherhood between your teammates and the mix of violence and strategy. You get to hit someone full speed legally, I think that's pretty awesome. I also like the whole football community in Europe.
How are you preparing for your next season?
Offseason is in full effect. Right now, hitting the gym 4-5 times a week trying to build the engine as big as I can.
What should people know about athletes from Finland?
That Finland got a lot of real ballers out here.
How many college coaches have contacted you in regards to recruiting?
A few, not enough.
What are you looking forward to in 2022?
Looking forward to winning a championship and staying healthy, cant wait to be on the field again.
Player spotlight interview with Amsterdam U19 Linebacker Yhemmairo van Es
13 athletes from 9 different countries have been selected for the NFL's International Pathway Program
Interview: #1 football player from Europe Hero Kanu selects Ohio State

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Spark broadcast vs. Singleton wrapper I'm new to Spark, and I'm trying to understand what are the benefit of using broadcast var on using singleton wrapper.
I am aware that Spark also attempts to distribute broadcast variables using efficient broadcast algorithms to reduce communication cost- yet let's assume this happens once on a long living application, hence is not an overhead.
is each task will hold a copy of the singelton or only the executor itself?
I'm trying to understand how it works with singleton and compare it to broadcast.
If this question repeat itself, please let me know, since I didn't find once that were answered.

A:
is each task will hold a copy of the singelton or only the executor itself?

Each worker keeps a single cached copy of broadcast variable. All the tasks that need to access broadcast variable consult the same copy residing on that worker. Yes it's a single copy on each worker but not a JVM level singleton as the it's lifecycle is managed by BroadcastManager and ContextCleaner.

This book describes it brilliantly here https://jaceklaskowski.gitbooks.io/mastering-apache-spark/content/spark-broadcast.html See how good it is delineated there in that diagram.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Entertation Index: November 14
tags: Billy Crystal Oscars, George Clooney, Howard Stern America's Got Talent, Jessica Simpson, Kristen Stewart Snow White, Nicolas Cage
by Matt Shorr
Cage, Nicolas – The financially troubled actor was seen in Anchorage, AK, purchasing a $2000 steak knife that includes mammoth ivory in the handle. Incidentally, Mammoth Ivory was reported to be the name of Cage's next shitty movie.
Link: Cage's New Blade (TMZ)
"Seriously, have you seen the 'Farting Preacher' video?"
Clooney, George – The super-famous actor gets pretty honest in a Rolling Stone interview, saying that he loves everything about farts: "We think it's one of the funniest things in the history of mankind. Even the idea of a fart makes me laugh. Saying the word 'fart' makes me laugh. I have iFart on my phone. I have remote whoopee cushions. Farts. To me, there's nothing funnier." And he really doesn't care what people think of his new movie, Ides of March: "It's not designed for everybody to see, but I don't give a sh*t. I don't need to be more famous and we shot it for $12 million, so anything we do is nice." In other words, George Clooney just admitted to having "fuck-you" money.
Link: Clooney Blurbs (Rolling Stone)
Crystal, Billy – The venerated comedian will replace Eddie Murphy as the host of the 2012 Academy Awards. Apparent criteria for the job: must have been funny in the 1980s, but not have done much of anything in the last 10 years. Joe Piscopo could not be reached.
Link: Crystal to Host Oscars (NY Daily News)
Simpson, Jessica – The preggers actress is experiencing the odd food cravings typical of a woman with child: "I crave cantaloupe like a crazy person, but I put salt all over it…" Crazy people scoffed at Simpson's comments by noting that an actual insane person would crave cantaloupe by eating 57 of them in one day, and then worshipping the rind.
Link: Simpson's Cravings (People)
Stern, Howard – The controversial DJ is rumored to be in talks with NBC to replace America's Got Talent judge Piers Morgan. As a result, all the show's winners must henceforth be drunken coeds who have appeared on Girls Gone Wild DVDs.
Link: Stern to Join America's Got Talent? (Wall Street Journal)
Stewart, Kristen – The Twilight actress stars in Snow White & The Huntsman, premiering next summer, which tells the famous fairy tale…a bit differently. If this does well, watch for other non-traditional retellings of old favorites, like the one where Papa Bear goes to work on Goldilocks with a pair of pliers and a blowtorch.
Link: Stewart's New Film (Apple Trailers)
from → The Entertation Index
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TBTS Reviews: Joe Henry's Reverie →


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Boeing, Honeywell collaborate, while Gogo increases credit facility
by Tammy Parker |
Boeing and Honeywell announced a new agreement targeting development of new in-flight wireless connectivity platforms for Boeing aircraft. In addition, Gogo and Row 44 released news regarding their separate in-flight connectivity initiatives.
Aircraft maker Boeing joined with Honeywell, signing a technical services agreement under which they will research and develop technologies for in-flight wireless connectivity on Boeing platforms including the 787, 777, 737NG and 747-8.
The companies expect to research, test and develop the hardware, software and potential services that will utilize GX Ka-band satellites, powered by Inmarsat's Global Xpress constellation. The first Inmarsat GX Ka-band satellite, being built by Boeing, is expected to launch in late 2013. Boeing and Honeywell said they will initiate necessary activities to support GX Ka-band equipment installation aboard new aircraft in 2015.
The Honeywell-developed hardware and system for Inmarsat's GX Aviation network will also introduce new services to aircraft operators, airlines and air traffic control such as predictive maintenance and improved aircraft communications. Honeywell and Inmarsat signed an agreement in 2012 to provide global in-flight connectivity services to business, commercial and government aviation customers around the world.
In other news, Gogo said it closed on a $113 million increase to its existing $135 million credit facility arranged by Morgan Stanley and J.P. Morgan in June of 2012. The in-flight connectivity provider expects to use proceeds of the debt financing to fund its global expansion and for general operating purposes.
Further, Gogo announced a new partnership with Thales, a supplier of in-flight entertainment and connectivity systems (IFEC), to offer line-fit solutions based on the Thales TopSeries Avant platform and Gogo's connectivity services. Gogo currently offers solutions based on Inmarsat's Global Xpress Ka-band satellite service, Ku-band satellite and air-to-ground (ATG) technologies.
"Gogo has both an excellent track record and a technology that harmonizes extremely well with the Thales IFEC platform. It brings two best of breed capabilities together and will give airlines exclusive passenger experiences with an economical and global connection. This gives us the benefit of accessing satellite based connectivity services through Gogo's reseller agreements with its satellite partners as well as Gogo's ATG network where available," said Alan Pellegrini , president and CEO of Thales USA.
Satellite-based inflight Wi-Fi provider Row 44 also made news this week, announcing that it completed installation on 60 of Norwegian Air Shuttle's Boeing 737-800 aircraft.
Norwegian Air Shuttle was the first airline to offer high-speed Internet connectivity on flights within Europe and is now also the first airline in Europe to perform a broad commercial rollout of video on demand directly to passengers' own Wi-Fi-enabled devices, said Row 44. Future installations of the Row 44 solution aboard Norwegian Air Shuttle are expected to begin later this year.
Row 44's in-flight entertainment service, based on Ku-band satellites, is offered on nearly 500 aircraft flying worldwide.
- see this Boeing and Honeywell release
- see this Gogo release and this release
- see this Row 44 release
ZTE tests air-to-ground FDD-LTE network
Report: FAA may loosen restrictions on passenger access to iPads, Kindles
Row 44, Gogo mark in-flight Wi-Fi milestones
Gogo installing satellite and ATG service for American Airlines
Emirates to allow in-flight cellphone calls via OnAir
Boeing to enable in-flight Wi-Fi and cell phone connectivity on new 747s and 777s
CBA seeks 'fair' financial incentives in C-band move for 5G
The CBA wants "fair and appropriate" financial incentives to clear C-band spectrum as quickly as possible for 5G.
by Monica Alleven Jan 17, 2020 12:46pm
Operators fear eSIM, but Ericsson says it's coming
There is fear among some service providers about eSIM because it will allow consumers to easily switch carriers whenever they want.
by Linda Hardesty Jan 17, 2020 11:28am
Verizon's 5G in US Bank Stadium 'near ubiquitous,' says SRG
SRG conducted a study of the Verizon 5G network inside US Bank Stadium in Minneapolis and found coverage was nearly ubiquitous in the seating area.
by Monica Alleven Jan 17, 2020 8:05am


Pouncey: All the Dallas Thomas criticism "bothers me a lot"
There's no question Dallas Thomas is the naughty list of most Dolphins fans.
His consistently subpar production the past two seasons made us wonder whether he had damning evidence of his bosses.
"It bothers me," Pouncey said of the widespread Thomas criticism, on Hochman, Crowder, and Krantz on WQAM. "It bothers me a lot because people make judgements off a guy off of what they see on one day. I see Dallas Thomas come in each and every day and work his tail off. He's a great football player [and he] prepares like a professional. I just hate it for him because I know all the work he puts in that nobody else sees but guys in this building.
I'm not sure what Hoch expected when he asked the question, but obviously Pouncey is going to stick up for his teammate on a public platform. Behind closed doors? Who knows, though Thomas' play certainly makes Pouncey look better by comparison.


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Ellen R. Medkeff | Teacher, 81
Ellen Raw Medkeff, 81, of Devon, a teacher at Lower Merion High School for 20 years, died Sunday at Paoli Hospital of complications from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A native of Akron, Ohio, Mrs. Medkeff earned a bachelor's degree in English and economics from the University of Akron. She then taught at the university, where she met her future husband, Russell J. Medkeff, a World War II Army veteran who was attending college on the GI Bill. She later earned a master's degree in education from Temple University.
She and her husband moved to the Philadelphia area in the late 1950s. In 1968, when her children were older, she joined the staff of Lower Merion High School. She taught English and economics there and for many years chaired the English department. She also directed the school's work-study program for several years and in the summer led school groups to England and Germany. She retired in 1988.
Mrs. Medkeff was active with the League of Women Voters and the American Association of University Women. She served on the summer worship committee and participated in the small-group ministry at Main Line Unitarian Church. She was a volunteer reader for Recording for the Blind and Dyslexic.
She enjoyed the theater, Philadelphia Orchestra concerts, and traveling to Europe and Asia with her husband.
In addition to her husband of 57 years, Mrs. Medkeff is survived by a son, John; a daughter, Deborah; and two grandchildren. Another daughter, Julie, died in 1959.
A memorial service will be held at 6:30 p.m. tomorrow at Main Line Unitarian Church, 816 S. Valley Forge Rd., Devon.
Heshimu Jaramogi, veteran Philadelphia newsman, radio host and newspaper publisher, dies at 67
Valerie Russ
Kathleen Marie Kienlen, office worker, poet, and friend to many, dies at 50
Bonnie L. Cook
Beverly J. Allen, retired school disciplinarian and longtime Democratic committee person, dies at 72
Jerry Stevens, a giant of Philadelphia radio broadcasting, dies at 85
Hank Cisco, 96, Norristown's goodwill ambassador, dies
Robert Moran
Ricardo V. Taylor Jr., Pennsauken mayor and longtime educator, dies at 73


Suspected Shebab militants from Somalia stormed into a Kenyan coastal town, killing at least 49 people in a major assault on a police station, hotels and government offices, officials said Monday.
District deputy commissioner Benson Maisori said several buildings in the town -- which is around 100 kilometers (60 miles) from the border with Somalia -- were burned down including hotels, restaurants, banks and government offices.
"There were around 50 attackers, heavily armed in three vehicles, and they were flying the Shebab flag. They were shouting in Somali and shouting 'Allahu Akbar' ('God is Greatest')," he said, adding they attacked a police station but officers fought them off.
Bodies were scattered on roads across the town where people had been killed as they fled.
Resident Anne Gathigi, 38, a mother of five, said the attackers killed her husband.
"They forced their way into our house, found us in the bedroom. They picked up my husband and took him to the sitting room where they demanded money from him, as soon as he gave them some cash, they shot him at close range," she told AFP.
"Then they turned to me and asked me if I knew Al-Shebab. They told me since 'our government has refused to pull our soldiers from Somalia', they had come to leave us 'widows and orphans'."
"I heard them shouting in Somali as they fired around... I ran and locked up myself in a house," he told AFP.
The fierce gun battles continued until after midnight, but by dawn on Monday the town of Mpeketoni was reported calm with security forces saying they were in pursuit of the attackers.
Police spokeswoman Zipporah Mboroki confirmed that 49 people had died, including at least one police officer.
"Our officers are still combing the area," Kenyan police chief David Kimaiyo told AFP, adding "we suspect the involvement of Al-Shebab in this attack."
"Security has been beefed (up) across the country," Interior Minister Joseph Ole Lenku told reporters, calling the killings a "heinous act".
Kenyan troops crossed into southern Somalia in 2011 to fight the Shebab, later joining the now 22,000-strong African Union force battling the Al-Qaida-linked militants.
The Shebab vowed revenge, carrying out a string of attacks on Kenyan soil, including last September's assault on Nairobi's Westgate mall in which at least 67 people were killed.
The town of Mpeketoni, a trading center on the main coastal road, lies on the mainland some 30 kilometers (20 miles) southwest of Lamu island, a popular tourist destination whose ancient architecture is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Kenyan army spokesman Major Emmanuel Chirchir described how the gunmen had stormed the town, overwhelming local police officers, and firing from vehicles "shooting people around town."
Chirchir also said the attackers were "likely to be Al-Shebab," although there was no immediate claim of responsibility from the Islamists themselves.
Somalia's Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed condemned the "vicious and cowardly acts of terrorism against innocent civilians".
Residents in surrounding villages also reported that the gunmen attacked settlements as they pulled out after fighting in Mpeketoni.
"There are six bodies here, a man and a child in their house, four lying on the road," said Mohammed Hassan, a local resident of Kibaoni, a small settlement some five kilometers (three miles) outside the town.
Last month one of the Shebab's most senior commanders, Fuad Mohamed Khalaf, released radio broadcasts urging fighters to strike Kenya.
Hundreds of British tourists were also evacuated last month from beach resorts near Kenya's port city of Mombasa following warnings of terror attacks from Britain's Foreign Office.
Later on Monday, the United States condemned the Shebab's attack "in the strongest terms."
"There can be no place for appalling acts of violence such as this in any society," U.S. State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki told reporters.
These are men of the Wahabi devil.
Also known as the Grand Mufti of the Horrid Kingdom.


The US FDA has scheduled a joint meeting of the Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Products and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committees (AADPAC-DSRM) for Tuesday, June 7, 2016. The Committees will discuss a new drug application (NDA 207975) for hydrocodone bitartrate extended-release (ER) tablets, submitted by Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc., (Teva) with the proposed indication of management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. The product is an ER formulation intended to have abuse-deterrent properties based on its physicochemical properties. The Committees will be asked to discuss whether the data submitted by the Applicant are sufficient to support labeling of the product with the properties expected to deter abuse.


"In the past the First Presidency has expressed concern that in some instances, members who desire to bear their testimonies in fast and testimony meeting do not have the opportunity to do so. Bishoprics are again encouraged to help all people learn to express a brief, heartfelt testimony of our Father in Heaven and His Son, Jesus Christ, and the truths of the restored gospel so that more members may have the opportunity to participate.
"Parents and teachers should help children learn what a testimony is and when it is appropriate for them to express it. It may be best to have younger children learn to share their testimonies at such times as family home evening or when giving talks in Primary until they are old enough to do so in fast and testimony meeting.


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'SNL's' Chloe Fineman Reveals Timothee Chalamet's Reaction to Impression: "We Should Figure Something Out"
8:47 AM PST 12/9/2020 by Sydney Odman
The 'Saturday Night Live' castmember shared stories from her audition and recalled appearing on 'The Late Show With David Letterman' when she was in high school to show off her championship bird calling.
Prior to auditioning for NBC's Saturday Night Live, Chloe Fineman claims that she religiously watched Jimmy Fallon's audition tape for inspiration.
On Tuesday, the actress-comedian appeared with her audition inspiration on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, in the first late night appearance of her career — technically.
While still in high school, a teenage Fineman appeared on The Late Show With David Letterman — not to perform her impressions, but to show off her bird calls. After winning a bird-calling contest at her local high school, Fineman was flown out to New York City to perform her calls on the show.
Today, the comedian is better known for her spot-on impressions of several A-list stars including Drew Barrymore, Nicole Kidman, Reese Witherspoon, Meryl Streep and Timothée Chalamet.
Fineman recalled that the latter Oscar-nominated actor stopped by SNL's set last weekend, likely in preparation for his own hosting gig this Saturday.
"He was like, 'We should figure something out,'" Fineman said, falling into her Chalamet impression. "And I was like, 'Ah! It's Timothée Chalamet!' … and I just turned bright red."
The comedian claimed that Chalamet even joked that he was "working on an impression of her," as she imitated the actor's recognizable, boyish laughter.
"And I fainted," Fineman joked. "I fully fainted."
Fallon and his guest later discussed Fineman's own audition for SNL, at which former SNL star Bill Hader gave her a pep talk.
"I had a character who was from Burning Man, and so I was covered in duct tape and stickers, and someone knocked on the door and I opened it, and he was like, 'Hi, I'm Bill,'" the actress remembered in an off-the-cuff Hader impression.
Fineman got to show off more of her impersonation skills during a game in which she read 'Twas the Night Before Christmas in the voices of several stars including Chalamet, Witherspoon, Phoebe Waller-Bridge and Barrymore.
Watch her appearance below.
Sydney Odman


Population justification: The population was previously estimated at fewer than 1,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2001), but more recent observations indicate that there could now be fewer than 250 mature individuals remaining, thus the population is now placed in the band for 50-249 mature individuals, probably equivalent to a total population of 75-375 individuals.
Trend justification: This species is suspected to be declining rapidly owing to the on-going loss of remaining forest fragments within its small range, as well as hunting pressure. As habitat continues to be lost, the rate of decline is thought to be accelerating.
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Prioniturus verticalis. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/04/2019. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/04/2019.


Water experts from Delhi, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and various parts of Maharashtra attended the conference.
PUNE: The Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) and South Asian Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP) recently organised 'Dialogue on Urban rivers of Maharashtra' to discuss the poor state of the rivers in Maharashtra and ways of bringing back the rivers closer to their original state to ensure flowing rivers with clean water in the long term.
Water experts from Delhi, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and various parts of Maharashtra attended the conference and unanimously agreed that Pune River Front Development (RFD) project is a recipe for disaster.
Pune Municipal Corporation's environment officer-in-charge, Mangesh Dighe described the development of the Mula-Mutha riverfront on the lines of Sabarmati riverfront and presented the details where a new sewage treatment facility will be introduced for cleaning the Mula-Mutha river.
The participants included environmentalist Prof Madhav Gadgil and Dr Rajendrasingh; Member of Parliament Vandana Chavan; environmental lawyers Ritwick Dutta from Delhi and Gayatri Singh from Mumbai and Manoj Mishra from Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan. The discussion forum raised various questions and objections regarding the ecological considerations and water quality in the Pune RFD project. It also discussed the demolition of the metro projects and bridges to accommodate the project.


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Dan O'Neill (Daniel T. O'Neill) is an Alaskan writer. Born in San Francisco, California, in 1950, Dan O'Neill came to Alaska in the 1970s. Settling in Fairbanks, he did a variety of things, such as building log cabins, dog mushing, working as a laborer, conducting oral history interviews, and as a producer of radio, television, and video productions dealing with history, science, and politics. Now a full-time writer, he is the author of three Alaskan themed books. From 1985 to 1995 he worked for the Oral History Program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, including doing project interviews about the Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, digitized at Project Jukebox. These interviews formed the basis of his book A Land Gone Lonesome, which was awarded an "Editor's Choice" at The New York Times Book Review.  He was an opinion columnist for the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner from 1998 to 2002.  O'Neill twice won the Alaska Library Associations's "Alaskana of the Year Award" for the best book on Alaska published anywhere.  He also was named Alaska Historian of the Year by the Alaska Historical Society.  In 2015, the University of Alaska Press published his first book for children, Stubborn Gal: The True Story of an Undefeated Sled Dog Racer.

Bibliography
 Stubborn Gal: The True Story of an Undefeated Sled Dog Racer (2015)
 A Land Gone Lonesome: An Inland Voyage Along the Yukon River (2006)
 The Last Giant of Beringia: The Mystery of the Bering Land Bridge (2004).
 The Firecracker Boys: H-bombs, Inupiat Eskimos, and the Roots of the Environmental Movement (1994, ; 2007, ).

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male journalists
Writers from Fairbanks, Alaska

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I want to change but I don't know how to?
It takes time to change any particular area in our lives when we are accustomed to doing the same thing over and over again for a very long time.
There is a saying, if you do the same thing over and over again, expecting a different outcome, it is called insanity.
Change is often difficult to do. The key factor is determination and such a desire for change, that you will do whatever it takes. You have to work at it. It will not come easily.
Be dedicated to therapy, apply the necessary interventions in your life daily, be open and honest with yourself. Don't be afraid to soul-search, set goals, and take small, specific, attainable steps.
Why do I feel emotionally drained by my therapy session?
Therapy can be emotionally draining especially when you begin to open up about stressful and traumatic memories and experiences.
We often bury painful experiences and avoid talking about them because we don't want to relive an awful and devastating past.
Within a safe environment, it is actually helpful to process these feelings and emotions as over time, it will become easier to manage those emotions. You may even enjoy a feeling of relief once the burden has been lifted.
How can I get these negative thoughts out of my head?
Everyone has negative thoughts. They seem to pop out of nowhere and are sometimes just an automatic response.
Negative thoughts can be racing, ruminative and debilitating. Remember this. We can never have negative and positive thoughts taking up space in our minds at the same time.
Developing ways to combat negative thoughts, replacing negative thoughts with positive thoughts on a regular and consistent basis is one way to discover peace of mind. It takes practice but it really does work.
Why when something bothers me, do my ears feel hot, my palms sweat and my body overheats?
"Bothers me" in this instance is related to someone who experiences frequent anxiety attacks.
The symptoms listed are related to the physiological responses felt when in an emergency response mode. The flight or fight response is the body's natural way to tell us we are in danger.
Anxiety mimics the emergency response system; however anxiety is not necessarily an appropriate response when we are not actually in danger. It can therefore lead to health problems.
How do I just let it go when my boyfriend tells me to trust him?
We should all possess self-control so that we can avoid needing to control the thoughts and actions of someone else.
Exploring underlying and/or unresolved issues of trust in past relationships may reveal buried reasons relating to our own inability to trust others. Developing self-esteem and self worth are two factors that assist in helping us let go.
I am afraid to communicate how I feel about my boyfriend's attitude, what can I do?
Learning effective ways to communicate may overcome feelings of insecurity and fear of how the other person may respond.
Communication is a two way channel, sending and receiving information. Sometimes our attempts to communicate can be misinterpreted and misunderstood in both directions.
Learning how to be assertive (advocate for the "self") and respectful (positive regard for others) will ensure both parties are receiving the best outcome from the information that is being relayed.
When I am angry, I feel stressed and hot when I think about why I am angry, why is that?
Your anger is being monitored by emotional (stress), physical (hot), and cognitive (angry thoughts) cues.
Anger is triggered by thinking about the specific situation. This is the cognitive (thought) cue. It is through cognitive cues that we may interpret the actions of others as disrespectful or embarrassing.
When we focus on those critical and hostile thoughts, it makes anger seem like an appropriate response to situations that generally do not demand it.
Why should I be kind to my kids when they say hateful things to me?
You control your own thoughts, feelings, behaviors and actions. Being able to understand the world of your children and what may be going on internally for them is crucial.
Difficult family dynamics may cause your children to experience their own pain; pain that is not obvious to you. Your children need to express how they're feeling and open up about their feelings.
Why do I have panic attacks when I miss my therapy session, after I just started therapy?
The amount of energy a client puts into growth and change will set the pace for how successful his or her time in therapy will be.
It is not a good idea to start therapy one week, and then stop because you quickly see some positive results. Therapy is a process that ought to be maintained especially considering the intensity of the presenting problem.
Learning the nature of presenting issues and an appreciation of the benefits of therapy normally takes more than one or two sessions.
How do I know if you can relate to me and my horrible situation?
When people enter therapy they will want to ensure that the therapist is relatable and can understand their particular situation.
As human beings we all go through difficult and challenging situations in our life.
Fundamentally the purpose of therapy for the client, is to be heard, to be understood and to believe that at some level, the problem will be addressed.
Research shows that the greatest predictor of success in therapy is the therapeutic bond and relationship between therapist and client. Successful therapy may be achieved when there is good communication and empowered collaboration between therapist and client.
Do I need therapy if I am not mentally ill?
I am often asked if only people with diagnosed mental illnesses should attend mental health treatment. The short answer is no. Let me give you an example.
There are many people with different levels of endurance and strength who attend the gym or employ a physical trainer. Some want to stay fit, some want to lose weight, some want to improve on a particular part of their physique. Some may go to develop more of a toned structure, while others may go to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Your mental health is similar to your physical health, and should not be neglected. An acute episode of depression and/ or anxiety may be a cause for concern. Difficulty adjusting after a bereavement or loss may also be a cause for concern.
Mental fitness is about having a stable and balanced display of emotions, thoughts and feelings when every area of life is functioning normally. It is about avoiding distress when there is no need for distress, and being your best self. Mental fitness is also about keeping your brain and therefore your mental well-being in tip top condition!
If You are Troubled And It is Causing You Concern Get Help!
If your peace of mind or mental state is negatively impacting your ability to function, even on a mild or moderate level, therapy is recommended. There are many effective treatments for an enormous range of mental, emotional and behavioral problems which are not obvious if you are in the middle of your troubles, wondering how to improve your life. Speak to me.


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News & Announcements 7/22/14
by Tom Gilson | Jul 22, 2014 | 0 comments
News & Announcements | News & Announcements
Libraries Receive Shrinking Share of University Expenditures; The BMJ: A new name, logo, website design, and homepage address; SCOAP3 repository now open for the community to harvest content through OAI-PMH feeds; Thomson Reuters Launches Game-Changing Enhancements to Its Flagship Research Analytics Platform; Springer celebrates open access milestone; ChemIDplus Database From NLM Adds New Features; Ex Libris Rosetta reaches a landmark with the release of Version 4; and Bitlit signs HarperCollins to ebook bundling pilot.
Libraries Receive Shrinking Share of University Expenditures
In this Scholarly Kitchen post, Phil Davis cites some disturbing figures,"As a percentage of overall university expenditures, libraries have been steadily losing ground. This is the main message of an updated graphic produced by the American Research Libraries (ARL).
Based on reports from 40 research libraries, the percentage of university funds spent on libraries has shrunk by over one-half in the past three decades, from a high of 3.7% in 1984 to just 1.8% in 2011. The downward trend is applicable to both public and private universities in the United States as well as institutions in Canada.
The BMJ: A new name, logo, website design, and homepage address
A prestigious medical journal will be 175 years old next year. "During that time it has had four names: the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal (1840-52), the Association Medical Journal (1853-56), the British Medical Journal (1857-1988), and BMJ (1988-2014). Now it gets a fifth, with the inclusion in its name of the definite article. The journal formerly known as BMJ will now be formally known as The BMJ…"
SCOAP3 repository now open for the community to harvest content through OAI-PMH feeds
KnowledgeSpeak reports that "the SCOAP3 repository is now open for the community to harvest content through OAI-PMH feeds. The SCOAP3 repository hosts Open Access articles published under the SCOAP3 initiative. It is built on Open Source software and has been recently featured at the Open Repository 2014 conference…"
Brill's 2015 journal prices now available
KnowledgeSpeak also notes that "Brill has announced that its 2015 Journal Program now consists of 208 titles. The program includes 9 new journals, 1 take-over journal and 2 Editions Rodopi journals, a recent acquisition of Brill. Five of Brill's new 2015 journals are full Open Access…"
Thomson Reuters Launches Game-Changing Enhancements to Its Flagship Research Analytics Platform
The Intellectual Property & Science business of Thomson Reuters, "… announced the upcoming launch of its enhanced Research Analytics solution built in partnership with the research community: InCites, the only integrated, web-based scholarly platform for measuring research output and impact, monitoring trends, and benchmarking articles, journals, institutions, people and regions.
Essential Science Indicators and Journal Citation Reports (JCR), two globally trusted scholarly analysis solutions, are being rolled into next generation InCites creating a seamless connection across the platform…"
Springer celebrates open access milestone
Springer is celebrating the milestone of 200,000 open access articles published to date. The articles, published across BioMed Central, and SpringerOpen are freely available and published under a Creative Commons (CC) license…
ChemIDplus Database From NLM Adds New Features and is Now iOS and Android Friendly
InfoDOCKET reports that the National Library of Medicine (NLM) ChemIDplus has added some exciting new features. According to the National Library of Medicine Technical Bulletin you can check them out at http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/.
Ex Libris Rosetta reaches a landmark with the release of Version 4
According to Library Technology Guides "Ex Libris announced the release of version 4.0 of the Rosetta digital asset management and preservation solution. This major new release streamlines the management of preservation roles and enhances the communication between Rosetta and discovery systems, enabling users to easily discover collections that are preserved in Rosetta…"
Bitlit signs HarperCollins to ebook bundling pilot
DBW reports that "BitLit begins a pilot program with HarperCollins Publishers to offer readers a physical and e-book bundle through its bundling platform. BitLit is a free app that allows readers to purchase the e-book edition at a discounted price when they already own the print book…"
ATG Original: Alibaba - Meet China's Online Giant (Parts 1 & 2)
ATG Quirkies: A Snow Monkey Checks her email!
ATG Conferences, Meetings and Webinars 1/18/20
ATG News & Announcements 1/17/20
SSP Pre-Conference Seminar at UKSG 2020


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Q: Complex polynomials converging in the compact-uniform topology Suppose that $p_n$ are polynomials with degree $n$, with $p_n(0)=1$ and which converges uniformly on compact sets of $\mathbb{D}$ towards an analytic function $f$.
Now, suppose that the $p_n$ have no roots in a disk of radius strictly greater than 1, say - for simplicity - $D(0,2)$.
Is it true that one can extend the uc convergence to all compacts of the disk $D(0,2)$ ?  Or in any intermediary disk $D(0, r)$ for some $1<r<2$ ? What would be simple assumptions on the $p_n$ to ensure such a behaviour (on the coefficients, the roots, on $f$...) ?
Answer. As answered above by Sangchul, the answer to the first question is no. He gave a counterexample.
Edit: a possible other formulation. By taking the inverses $z \to p_n(z)^{-1}$, whose radii of convergence are greater than $2$,  and using the Hurwitz theorem, the question becomes: we have a sequence of rational functions with no poles in $D(0, 2)$ which takes the value $1$ at zero, and which converges uniformly on compact sets of $D(0, 1)$ towards an analytic function $g=f^{-1}$. The radius of convergence $R$ of $g$ is greater than or equal to $1$. Is it possible that $R=1$ ? If not, $R>1$; then, does the uniform convergence of $1/p_n$ towards $g$ holds (uniformly on compact sets) for some disk $D(0, s)$ with $1<s<R$ ?

A: In this answer, we will construct a counter-example. First, note that it suffices to find a sequence $(q_k)_{k\geq 1}$ of polynomials satisfying:

*

*$0 < \deg q_1 < \deg q_2 < \deg q_3 < \dots $;

*$q_k(0) = 1$;

*Each $q_k$ has no roots in $D(0, 2)$;

*$q_k$ converges uniformly on compact subsets of $\mathbb{D}$;

*$q_k(1)$ does not converge.

Then we can construct $(p_n)_{n\geq 1}$ by letting $p_n(z) = q_k(z) + \epsilon_n z^n$ for $\deg q_k \leq n < \deg q_{k+1}$ and for some $\epsilon_n \geq 0$ chosen sufficiently small.
Construction. For each $k \geq 1$, choose $q_k(z)$ as the Taylor polynomial of $e^{z+z^2+\dots+z^k}$ with degree large enough so that
$$ \sup_{z \in D(0,2)} \left| q_k(z) - e^{z+z^2+\dots+z^k} \right| < e^{-2^{k+1}} $$
as well as $\deg q_k > \deg q_{k-1}$ if $k \geq 2$. Then for $z \in D(0, 2)$,
$$ \left| q_k(z) \right| > \left| e^{z+z^2+\dots+z^k} \right| - e^{-2^{k+1}} \geq e^{-2-2^2-\dots-2^k} - e^{-2^{k+1}} > 0, $$
and so, $q_k$ has on zero on $D(0, 2)$. Moreover, since $e^{z+z^2+\dots+z^k}$ converges to $e^{z/(1-z)}$ uniformly on compact subsets of $\mathbb{D}$, the same is true for $q_k$. Finally, since $\left| q_k(1) - e^{k} \right| < e^{-2^{k+1}}$, it follows that $q_k(1)$ diverges as $k\to\infty$.


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