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Cambodia Is Ranked in the Second Tier for Human Trafficking in the 2009 US Report – Friday, 19.6.2009
"Phnom Penh: The 2009 report of the US Department of State shows that this year Cambodia stays in the Second Tier [of three] in the assessment on human trafficking. Though, in general the Cambodian government has improved in responding to trafficking, last year the efforts to fight human trafficking declined, especially in the prosecution of human trafficking crimes.
"The report of US Department of State gives some details that Cambodia is a transit country and is targeted for the trafficking of men, women, and children who are victimized by trafficking for sexual exploitation and for forced labor. Children and women are trafficked to Thailand and Malaysia to exploit their labor and for forced prostitution. Some Cambodian men who migrate to Thailand by themselves and to Malaysia to seek jobs are forced to do hard work as fishermen on fishing boats, as construction workers, and as agro-industrial workers. Cambodian women and men sent back to Cambodia recount that they were forced to work hard there, after they had left Cambodia to work there through Cambodian worker recruiting companies. Cambodian children were trafficked to Thailand and Vietnam to do begging and to sell candy or flowers, or to shine shoes. Sometimes, parents sell their children to work as servants or to beg, or they sold them to brothels for sexual exploitation, or to force them to work as house servants. In Cambodia children are trafficked to become beggars. They become scavengers or work at salt fields, at brick and tiles kilns, and at quarries.
The Cambodian government has not fully met the minimum standards of trafficking elimination. Although the government is making remarkable efforts to fight trafficking, the government has not really proven that there are improvements in the prosecution and punishment of human trafficking perpetrators as well as officials who had colluded with those perpetrators, and it has not shown how it is protecting human trafficking victims. Therefore, Cambodia is ranked second in the observation list. To improve this rank, Cambodia should do more to bring human traffickers and colluding officials to be prosecuted and punished.
"Based on the adoption of a law to protect victims of human trafficking in 2000, which was later amended, the US parliament requires the US Department of Sate to send annual reports to the US parliament. These reports on 164 countries are the most comprehensive reports worldwide about the efforts of various governments to fight human trafficking. The reports aim at encouraging activities and stepping up partnership arrangements worldwide to fight this new form of slavery. Countries defined as having many human trafficking victims will be included in any of the three following ranks. Countries evaluated as meeting "the minimum standard to eliminate serous human trafficking" as stated in the law will be put in the first tier. Countries assessed of not meeting the minimum standard but making significant efforts will be included in the second tier. Countries assessed as not meeting the standard and not making any significant efforts will be placed in the third tier.
"This report continues that the law even requires the US Department of State to deliver a special watch list for countries that have been assessed again temporarily for the report by 1 February every year. In addition to the assessments of various countries with improving ranks from third to second to fist, this special watch list even creates a fourth rank. This ranks includes countries in the third tier defined as (1) not making any efforts a year ago and (2) being able to avoid the third rank because of commitments to conduct reforms against human trafficking in the future or (3) having fairly many victims of human trafficking or having fairly increasing rates of human trafficking victims.
"The US Embassy waits to cooperate more with the Royal Government of Cambodia next years in order to achieve success to bring Cambodia to the first tier at last. It should be noted that in 2008, Cambodia was in the second tier also." Koh Santepheap, Vol.42, #6679-6680, 18-19.6.2009
There Is No Case of A/H1N1 in Cambodia while in Thailand There Have Been 518 Cases
Kampuchea Thmey, Vol.8, #1973-1974, 18-19.6.2009
[Prime Minister] Hun Sen: [Thai Prime Minister] Abhisit's Ambition Will Fail [Mr. Abhisit wants to revise the inclusion of the Preah Vihear Temple as a world heritage site so that this temple can be jointly listed by both Cambodia and Thailand]
The Final Hearing of [former Tuol Sleng Prison chief] Kaing Kek Eav, alias Duch, Is Delayed Three Months More [until October]
The Prime Minister Announces that the Anti-Corruption Law Will Be Adopted Soon
The Cambodian Mine Action Center Will Train Deminers from Colombia [for three years]
A Civil Society Organizatio [the Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association]: If the Government Just Had the Real Intention, even without an Anti-Corruption Law, Corruption Could Be Eliminated
Cambodia Is Ranked in the Second Tier for Human Trafficking in the 2009 US Report
Police Arrested [23] Nigerian People and Confiscated 684 kg of Heroin [Phnom Penh]
Duch: Women Prisoners Were Raped during Interrogations; I Once Created Female Interrogator Groups [to avoid rapes by male interrogators]
Duch Claims [former president of the National Assembly] Nuon Chea and [Khmer Rouge top leader] Pol Pot Ordered the Cremation of Western Prisoners
The Prime Minister Tells Funcinpec to Stop Asking for Public Affairs Positions for Their Officials
Samdech Hun Sen Asks the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to Study the Reason for an Effort [of the UN Office of Human Rights] to Take Duch Abroad [10 years ago]
A Man, a Reporter of Meul Phlov, and His Niece Were Shot Dead [in Preah Vihear, and three or four prsons escaped with the victim's car and disappeared in Odor Meanchey, leaving that car on the road]
Cambodian Gems and Jewelry Are Exhibited [for the first time at the Intercontinental Hotel from 18 to 21 June 2009]
Fishermen at the Tonle Sap Lake Can Earn US$215 Million from Fish [according to the Fishery Administration]
Sereypheap Thmey, Vol.16, #1732, 18.6.2009
[Prime Minister] Hun Sen Warns He Might Use a Counter-Demonstration to Stand against [the president of the Cambodian Independent Teachers' Association] Rong Chhun's Demonstration
And please recommend us also to your colleagues and friends.
National Holiday: King Mother's Birthday – Thursday, 17.6.2009
National Holiday: King Mother's Birthday.
Our next publication is planned for Friday, 19.6.2009.
Representatives of Government, Citizens, and Civil Society Voice Concern over the Impact of the Don Sahong Hydro-Electric Dam in Laos – Wednesday, 17.6.2009
"Phnom Penh: A workshop was held by the Cambodian Mekong Committee cooperating with the Fishery Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries in the morning of 6 June 2009 at the National Institute of Education in Phnom Penh, and representatives of the government, of civil society organizations, and of citizens from communities in Stung Treng, Kratie, the Tonle Sap basin, and Mondolkiri, as well as many higher education students, younger students, and monks participated in this event.
"Also, representatives of the National Mekong Committee, government representatives of the six countries [through which the Mekong River flows], representatives from the Fishery Administration, and many other experts on the development of rivers attended this workshop in order to seek strategies to protect fish yields and bio-diversity of the river.
"The executive director of the NGO Forum, Mr. Chhit Sam Ath, said that nowadays, there are 11 hydro-electric dams among which there is the construction of a big hydro-electric dam, the Don Sahong Dam, near the Cambodia-Laotian border, upstream in the Mekong River. It is known that many Cambodian people, about 80%, depend on the Mekong River, which provides for fishery, has water, serves tourism, and is a water way. Therefore, if this dam is created, there is concern that it might affect the water current and the fish, especially it can have a negatice impact on the movement of fish to lay their eggs in the Tonle Sap basin. Thus, this workshop aims to share information and to study more what the impact will be if this hydro-electric dam is built, and it will be necessary seek whatever strategies by which hydro-electric energy can be extracted and at the same time, people can continue to live there, and the stable management of the eco-system in the Mekong basin can also be guaranteed.
"A secretary of state of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry, Mr. Por Try, said that the Mekong River and the Tonle Sap Lake are a well-known freshwater fishery resource among different major rivers of the world, and it is almost priceless economically. Fishery resources in the Tonle Sap Lake as well as in the whole system of the Mekong River play an important role for food security and for the living standard of many people in the region, especially Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Fishery resources of these three countries are interrelated by geography, water current, biological factors of fish species, and many other factors, particularly the movement of abundant fish every year. During the dry season, some species of fish move from the Tonle Sap low-lying areas to the upper currents of the Mekong River in Laos and Thailand, and then the fish move to the lower current areas in Vietnam. During the rainy season, fish move from the Mekong River into to the Tonle Sap Lake and to other lower low-lying areas for breeding and growing, since the low-lying areas of the Tonle Sap Lake has a favorable eco-system which serves as a good fish refuge and is rich in natural food for all kinds of fish. Therefore, if there is a plan to change the flow of water or to build hydro-electric dams in the Mekong River system, it can lead to the change of currents and affect fishery resources, increasingly worrying officials of the Royal Government as well as citizens and representatives of civil society organizations.
"The secretary of state of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries hopes that the workshop on that day was a good opportunity to discuss and exchange opinions, experiences, and information and to promote knowledge about the construction of dams and their impact on fisheries and on the living standard of millions of people. But he stressed that the workshop is just a study for all to see different impacts when hydro-electric dams are established, but it does not means than the workshop had any achievements that can be carried out immediately. Wether constructions will be made or not depends on monitoring and on decisions from the Royal Government.
"According to documents distributed at the workshop, the Don Sahong hydro-electric dam is to be established at a major current of the Mekong River in the Siphandon area at the southern part of Laos, 2 km from the Cambodian-Laotian border. The Don Sahong dam is to be constructed at the lower end of the current of the Hou Sahong channel, with a length of 7 km between Dan Sahong and Dan Saodam islands. The dam will produce 240 to 360 megawatt – mostly to be sold in Thailand, but also in Cambodia. The company responsible for the development of this dam is a construction and engineering company of Malaysia, which signed a memorandum of understanding with the Laotian government to study the possibility of this plan in March 2006, and then again in February 2008 a development deal was signed allowing to negotiate and finish detailed information of the plan with the Laotian government, and about electricity trading to be concluded before the end of 2009.
"According to a document of the Cambodian Mekong Committee, the Don Sahong Dam threatens the life of people and the rich fishery resources in Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Also, it will affect food security and the economies of this region, and moreover, it will destroy the last group of porpoises, and the change of the Phapheng waterfall by the Don Sahong Dam can affect the increasing popularity of the region which is a target area for tourism." Kampuchea Thmey, Vol.8, #1972, 17.6.2009
Areyathor, Vol.16, #1399, 17-18.6.2009
Official of the Cambodian Government Asks the Successor of Mr. Yash Ghai [Mr. Surya Prasad Subedi, the new UN high rapporteur for human rights in Cambodia] Not to Be Biased
Prime Minister [Hun Sen] Welcomes [President] Obama's decision] to Remove Cambodia from the Blacklist on Commerce [counbtries with which the USA does not have trade relations]
The Asian Development Bank Agrees to Provide More Than US$59 Million to Cambodia [to improve public infrastructure, international trade, and solutions for the economic and financial crisis which affects Cambodia]
Representatives of the Government, Citizens, and Civil Society Voice Concern over the Impacts of the Don Sahong Hydro Electric Dam in Laos
Deputy Prime Minister Sok An Will Clarify the Setting Up of Lighting at the Angkor Wat Temple at the National Assembly on 19 June 2009
There Are 3,000 Staff Listed in the Staff List of the National Assembly, but Those Who Come to Work Are Only About 500
The Khmer Rouge Tribunal Recognizes that the Detention of [former Tuol Sleng Prison chief] Dutch by the Military Court [for eight years] Was Illegal
Dutch Wept while He Was Remembering Torture at the Tuol Sleng Prison
A 73-Year-Old Staff of a Crematorium [at a pagoda] Raped an 11-Year-Old Girl [he was arrested – Battambang]
Three Died and Three Others Were Injured by Lightnings on the Same Day, but at Different Places [Prey Veng]
A Civil Society Organization [the Cambodian Independent Teachers' Association] Warns It Will Hold a Big Demonstration, If [Sam Rainsy Party parliamentarian] Ms. Mu Sochua Is Arrested [over a defamation complaint by Prime Minister Hun Sen]


Liverpool are likely to be without the services of Trent Alexander-Arnold and Georginio Wijnaldum, when they take on Crystal Palace this weekend.
Liverpool will be looking to strengthen their hold at the top of the Premier League table, when they clash against Roy Hodgson's Crystal Palace at Anfield on Saturday afternoon.
Jurgen Klopp's men have a four-point lead over second-placed Manchester City and they will be aiming to put further distance between themselves and the reigning champions with a victory against the Eagles.
Liverpool have a number of injuries to contend with in defence heading into the game, however, with Joe Gomez and Dejan Lovren ruled out, while Trent Alexander-Arnold is likely to miss out as well.
"Joe, no – improving, improving, improving. We all hope it will be quick from now on but don't know exactly. It's slightly different for Dejan; he is much better than he was but that's a muscle thing and needs time," Klopp said in his pre-match press conference.
"The whole world saw what happened to Trent – what a boy, unbelievable. We played the game and afterwards we got the information that he had [an injury]. It will be really, really close for tomorrow. I don't want to close any doors before anybody tells me I have to," the German added.
There are likely to be a couple of changes in the backline in front of goalkeeper Alisson, with James Milner set to start as the right-back in place of Alexander-Arnold, while Joel Matip, who is fit again, poised to partner Virgil van Dijk at the heart of the Liverpool defence. Andrew Robertson, fresh from signing a new contract, will hold on to his place on the left side.
Georginio Wijnaldum is another who played with an injury in the 1-0 win over Brighton & Hove Albion last weekend and is likely to miss out on Saturday. However, Liverpool have been boosted by the return of England international Adam Lallana, who has struggled with injuries this term.
"Adam trained yesterday and the day before yesterday, so he should be in contention," Klopp said.
However, Lallana is unlikely to be rushed back into action. Fabinho, who played as a centre-half last time out, is set to return to his natural habitat in the middle of the park and is likely to be paired up with captain Jordan Henderson.
Klopp is unlikely to make any changes to the attack against Palace, with Xherdan Shaqiri and Sadio Mane expected to hold onto their spots on the right and left flanks respectively, while Roberto Firmino continues to operate in the No. 10 role.
Leading goalscorer Mohamed Salah will start as the lone striker as he looks to pull away from Harry Kane and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang in the race for the Golden Boot.


Francis Vallejo | blog: Ideas Being Born, Black Frogs and figures!
Ideas Being Born, Black Frogs and figures!
Yo! I've been pretty pumped lately after attending Revelations and seeing the great work the seniors are doing here at Ringling. The top image is a image I made for Spectrum. I ended up submitting three images but last year I did an image specifically for Spectrum so I though it would be good luck to do one just for that purpose again...I feel my work lately has been very literal so I wanted to do something "out there." I composed the image as I went and really tried to experiment. The overall theme has to do with the "Birth of an Idea" and it all has some sort of significance to me. I guess you could say it is a personal piece. I worked on it straight for little over a day so that will be good experience for quick turn-arounds in the future...haha. The second image is from a figure drawing session I attended today. I haven't rendered in pencil for the longest time so it was good to get back to the basics. The last image was drawn at Revelations and I recently threw some watercolor on that beast. That is actually the Black Frog, artist extraordinaire posing...haha.
wow dude... GREAT STUFF... i am def humbled by your skill..
Why are you so strong ? very, very, very GOOD !
Hi Francis, Thxz for dropping by my blog. Love the stuff you are doing here, man. I will definitely drop by ur blog more often. Cheers.
oh man! they are great!!
Love the top sketch. Nice work as usual.


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Marumba bengalensis is een vlinder uit de familie van de pijlstaarten (Sphingidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1912 door George Francis Hampson.

Pijlstaarten

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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I haven't actually read either of the first two books in this series but I don't think that this books suffered because of that it was more and suitable to be read as a standalone book.
Sloane and Dylan were great characters, the author managed to inject so much personality into them both that reading their story was like hanging out with friends.
Sloane is a strong woman but she has a past that is doing everything it can to hang a dark cloud over her attempt to find her happy ever after. I wanted her to be able to just shrug it all off and get on with finding herself a man but I suppose that would have made the whole book pointless because when you add Dylan into her mix, the whole story gets very, very interesting.
Dylan , oh wow! He was such a nice guy, I wanted him to be the man that Sloane would find her happy ever after with but with her past I wasn't sure that he would be able to handle the skeletons that she had or perhaps that is the wrong way to express that, I worried that she would be able to give him the opportunity.
The story was a little bitty but I know that, that was deliberate, the details were drip fed into the story and it was a clever tactic on behalf of the author because it ensured that as a read I couldn't take my eyes off the page for a moment.
A well written story that took a little while to get going but once the characters hit their stride there was nothing to stop them.


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Mary Carlyn Watson, 84
Jay Senter Mar 25, 2017 - Obituaries
Mary Watson, 84, of Overland Park, KS passed away Friday, March 24, 2017. She was born May 26, 1932 in Dubuque, IA to William and Loretta Donovan.
Mary retired after 31 years of employment at the IRS Service Center in KC, MO. She had a beautiful voice, was a cantor at Mass and sang at weddings.
She is survived by her husband, James L. Watson, sister Jane (Bill) Henry and her brother, Dan (Millie) Donovan. Mary was preceded in death by her parents, a son Christian and her brother, William ("Dub").
A memorial mass will be at 10:30 am, Wednesday, March 29 at Holy Cross Catholic Church, Overland Park, KS. A visitation will precede the Mass beginning at 10am. The family suggests donations to a local animal shelter. Condolences may be shared with the family at www.CremationCenterKC.com
Arrangements: Cremation Center of Kansas City; 913-384-5566
Obituary: Matthew Joseph Whalen, 43, of Prairie Village
Molly Hammer, blues and jazz singer from Mission, dies from cancer at 48
Michael Copeland, longest-serving mayor in Olathe history, dies at age 58
Former Kansas Senate President Dick Bond has died
Obituary: Barbara Vernon, who served as Prairie Village city administrator for 3 decades, passes away at 83

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You are here: Parliament home page > Parliamentary business > Publications and Records > Lords Publications > Lords Hansard > Daily Hansard
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Lord Stoddart of Swindon: My Lords, I am trying hard to follow the noble Baroness's argument. I understood that the Conservative Party was in favour of a referendum on the proposed new constitution. Before we can have a referendum, presumably we shall need to know the pros and cons of whether we should continue in this particular organisation as it is to be revised. Why is she so against the Bill, which seeks only to find out whether there are implications from withdrawing, in which case the implications for remaining in would also be seen? I could understand what the noble Baroness, Lady Ludford, said, but I am afraid that I am simply not able to follow the argument of the noble Baroness, Lady Rawlings.
Baroness Rawlings: My Lords, I thank the noble Lord, Lord Stoddart, for that intervention. He is absolutely right that Conservative Party policy is for a referendum. It is better to go for a wider view of the general public of this country.
27 Jun 2003 : Column 580
We have surely learned by now that trying to stay detached from Europe's future is a recipe for disaster for us all. We want to see an open, internationalist, outward-looking Europe. That involves seizing the historic opportunity presented by the recent enlargement to set the seal on the principles of free trade and free enterprise in the former Communist dictatorships. It involves Europe pioneering the idea of international free trade, starting with its immediate neighbours, proceeding with an alliance between the European Union and NAFTA, to extend the free trade zone across the Atlantic—that is what we should be talking about with NAFTA—and moving from there to tackle the challenge of global free trade by 2020.
I want to say a few words about the economic situation, and perhaps to mention the alternative offered to us, as mentioned by my noble friend Lord Liverpool. The North Atlantic Free Trade Association is, of course, a single currency area. It has a currency called the dollar.
Lord Pearson of Rannoch: My Lords, my noble friend really must not say that; it simply is not true. The Canadian dollar continues to exist, and so does the Mexican peso. They float freely on the world market against each other. The same mistake was made by the noble Baroness, Lady Williams of Crosby, during our previous debate on the subject. It simply cannot be allowed to go on the record.
Baroness Rawlings: My Lords, I thank my noble friend for that intervention. I believe that the Canadian dollar and the Mexican peso are both pegged to the American dollar, as the Bulgarian lev is to the euro, to give a little extra information.
Were we to join NAFTA, we would be in a single currency area, just as certainly as we would in the European Union by voting for the euro. However, that sacrifice of sovereignty does not seem to trouble many of today's speakers.
Europe needs to complete the internal market, including electronic commerce and financial services, bringing more choice and lower prices to Europe's consumers. Europe must concentrate on the enforcement of competition rules and a programme of deregulation. It should be realising its full potential and becoming a driving force for greater prosperity. Britain has an historic opportunity to chart such a route and lead Europe along it, so that it is outward looking, with low regulation, low tax, free enterprise and flexible.
The Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office (Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean): My Lords, I, too, thank the noble Lord, Lord Pearson of Rannoch, for moving that his Bill be read a second time. I have listened with a great deal of interest to the contributions made by your Lordships. As always, it has been an enjoyable and enlightening experience, and at times quite exciting, too. Noble Lords'passion
and conviction were evident on this occasion, as they always are when we discuss all matters to do with the European Union.
The forcefully argued case of the noble Lord, Lord Pearson of Rannoch, was somewhat marred by his repeated claims that governments of both parties had deliberately lied in order to mislead the British public. That is a very heavy charge, and one on which he may wish to reflect. I am not sure which is worse: to be accused of lying—the noble Lord, Lord Pearson of Rannoch, made that accusation—or of conspiracy, an accusation made by the noble Lord, Lord Stoddart. I am bound to say that neither charge will add a great deal to the rational debate that we need at this time.
Lord Stoddart of Swindon: My Lords, will the Minister give way, as she mentioned my name?
Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean: I will, my Lords.
Lord Stoddart of Swindon: My Lords, the Minister will of course know that I was around in 1975 and, indeed, in 1972, when I was in the House of Commons debating the then European Communities Bill. The fact of the matter is that Mr Heath misled people by saying that our essential sovereignty would not be compromised. Later, when he left government, he went on a television programme and said, "Of course everyone should have realised that we were going to sacrifice sovereignty". As I—and I think the noble Earl, Lord Liverpool—pointed out, he set up a Civil Service department to mislead the people about the real intention. That is the history of the matter.
Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean: My Lords, the noble Lord had 15 minutes to argue his case, which he did very forcefully. I am bound to tell him that if I am going to be interrupted at the Dispatch Box every time I mention his or anyone else's name, we will not get away from the House this afternoon much before six o'clock.
Lord Stoddart of Swindon: My Lords—
Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean: My Lords, the noble Lord made his points, and we have heard them twice now. I merely answered them once.
I congratulate the noble Lord, Lord Pearson, on the exemplary timing of his debate. What better day could there have been to consider the implications of withdrawal from the European Union than the day after the Union agreed the set of reforms to modernise and improve the common agricultural policy? Yesterday's agreement is a breakthrough for agriculture in Europe and, as some noble Lords have rightly acknowledged, for world trade.
If the United Kingdom were not a member of the European Union, we would have had no chance to press for the much-needed reforms. The consequences would have been felt not only in Britain, but around the world. As it is, we are now in a position to negotiate
towards progress on a trade agreement that we need in Cancun this September. The events of this week are momentous in relation to the possibilities now opening up for fruitful WTO negotiations.
The matter is not only important to the export of our manufactured goods, as the noble Lord, Lord Pearson of Rannoch, claimed. World trade—the growth of the world economy—can benefit by as much as 400 billion dollars each year. That is not my calculation but that of the World Bank. We, the United Kingdom, have been part of opening that door through our membership and the arguments that we put forward in the European Union.
The Bill calls for a committee of inquiry to examine the implications of this country withdrawing from the European Union. Let there be no mistake about the position of Her Majesty's Government. At the risk of further inflaming the noble Lord, Lord Stoddart of Swindon, I believe that the benefits of EU membership are evident. The European Union is arguably the most successful regional organisation in the world, and this Government are absolutely convinced that membership of the EU is in the best interests of the United Kingdom. We believe that it is in our political interest and in our economic interest. So I am not going to "wiggle", as the noble Lord, Lord Pearson,particularly asked me not to do, but I am going to set out the Government's case.
Lord Pearson of Rannoch: My Lords—
Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean: My Lords, I am going to set out the Government's case. The noble Lord has had his opportunity, he took it, and he will have an opportunity to reply. I am now having my say.
Much of my argument will not, I am afraid, surprise the noble Lord, Lord Willoughby de Broke, but I hope that he will find that not all my arguments are entirely "tired" and "old", to quote his words.
The noble Earl, Lord Liverpool, asked whether we have the option to withdraw. The answer is: yes, we do. It is a matter for all of us to judge whether, in any practical sense, we have a real option to withdraw. That, as I understand it, is at the heart of the debate on this Bill.
The economic arguments that first convinced the British people that EU membership was in the United Kingdom's interest remain as valid today as they were when that decision was taken. Indeed, it could be argued that they have grown stronger over time. British jobs and prosperity have increased as a result of our free trade with Europe, and I agree strongly with the case that was put forward by the noble Baroness, Lady Ludford.
There are more than 370 million customers in the single market; that is, some 38 per cent of world trade. With enlargement next year, that will rise to 450 million customers—creating the world's largest single market. Enlargement alone is expected to boost the UK economy by some �1.75 billion.
Not only does that provide benefits for British businesses trading with other EU member states—and it is worth pointing out, particularly to the noble Baroness, Lady Cox, that some 58 per cent of UK trade in goods is with our EU partners—it benefits producers too, by ensuring a level playing field on which British producers can compete. It benefits customers. More often than not, it is the myths—such as banning curved bananas; and we have heard quite a few such references today—that we remember rather than the reality. That reality has seen the EU championing better consumer safeguards on a range of subjects, from toy safety to package holidays. Thanks to the single market, British consumers have access to a greater variety of and better-quality products at competitive prices.
Of course the European Union provides jobs—I agree with the point put forward by the noble Baroness, Lady Ludford, which excited so many of your Lordships—some 3.5 million already, and 300,000 more upon enlargement. These are the kinds of results that matter to most people—not people sitting in the House of Lords at five past two on a Friday afternoon, but those in Darlington and other towns throughout the country who are working to sustain those jobs in the future, people whose jobs are needed in this economy.
The noble Baroness, Lady Cox, put her argument well and cogently, as she always does. But let me try to put the other side. A brief glance at the figures demonstrates how important EU membership is for British jobs and prosperity. More than 3 million of our jobs now depend on our exports to the EU; 800,000 British-based companies trade with Europe; through our membership of the EU, British business has tariff-free access to 380 million customers—the largest and richest market in the world—and that is set to rise by nearly half a billion consumers after enlargement next year. Because Britain is a gateway to the European market, we, here in the United Kingdom, receive the largest share of foreign direct investment in the EU. American firms alone employ nearly 1 million people in Britain.
I am sure that others will argue: "Ah, well, the Americans are the ones doing the investing". But do they really believe that we should have that much investment were we not part of the European single market? That single market has helped to deliver the highest standard of living in European history. It has helped to provide the greatest choice and the cheapest prices for consumers ever.
So, in promoting the benefits of withdrawal from the EU, the noble Lords, Lord Pearson and Lord Stoddart, fail to take account of quite a number of crucial facts. They would argue that we should still be able to trade with Europe—and, of course, that would be true to some extent. Self-evidently, European countries do trade with countries that are members of the EU. That is a perfectly straightforward point. But the other countries are not members of the single market. That is the point: I refer to the tariff-free trade that we have at the moment.
I would also argue that, even if we were not a member of the EU, we would have to abide by EU standards if we wanted to trade with the EU—a point made by the noble Baroness, Lady Ludford. But there would be one fundamental difference: we would have absolutely no influence over setting those standards. As a committed and respected member of the Union, not only do we have access to the market, which is crucial, but crucially as well we can help to shape it and mould it into the kind of union that we want to see—more democratic, more effective and, of course, more efficient—and better able to deliver real results to citizens.
I am sure that the noble Baroness, Lady Cox, is right: if the world economy expands, if the developing countries do come to expand their economies in the way that we should like to see, we may not be as much richer in comparison to them as we currently are. But we as a Government argue for decreasing the gap between rich and poor countries around the world. I have heard the noble Baroness make that argument. We hope and we work for a trading system where many of the poor countries in the world do get richer. If that is so, the proportion of European trade in comparison to the rest of the world may well change. The noble Baroness is right. It may well do that. But is that such a bad thing in and of itself—if developing countries are becoming richer, if they provide us with more markets, if we raise their standards of living, have greater stability in the world and less of the much spoken of gap between rich and poor countries? I believe that that is something to look forward to: it will increase world prosperity and world stability.
I turn to some other areas. The noble Lord, Lord Pearson of Rannoch, implied that the EU was an instrument for lessening democracy rather than promoting it. But the European Union is far more than just a free-trade area. The benefits are not only economic. For more than half a century, the EU has been a powerful force for good, bringing democracy, peace and human rights to the peoples of Europe. It has done much to ensure peace and prosperity, and it offers us new opportunities and experiences, from the food that we eat to the holidays that we are now able to take.
It has also delivered tangible benefits to improve the everyday lives of people in this country. In areas as varied as culture, sport, music and literature, Europe is an ever-present and positive influence. Europe today is not only about an ideology of "peace and unity"; it is a real, living organism. It delivers practical benefits that, although often overlooked, people would never want to live without again.
The noble Lord, Lord Stoddart of Swindon, said that our trade union leaders should reconsider their position. They have considered their position; they know what the benefits of EU membership are. Thousands of British workers have gained from EU legislation which improves working conditions. Every member state must apply the principle that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work. Under EU law, it is illegal to discriminate on the grounds of sex, race, religion, belief, disability, age or
sexual orientation. EU law means that both men and women are entitled to at least three months' parental leave. Therefore, the trade unions do know what the EU has delivered for them in a very real sense.
The noble Lord, Lord Monson, spoke of the freedoms that he claimed we must relinquish through our membership of the EU. The noble Lord, Lord Weatherill, had some rather similar fears. But perhaps I may list some of the freedoms that we gain. Being in the single market means that British people now have the right to travel, work, study and live, visa-free, throughout the European Union. Hundreds of thousands of British people have been able to take advantage of that. UK citizens will make around 40 million trips to mainland Europe this year alone; 100,000 Britons are currently working in other EU member states; 234,000 UK pensioners draw their pensions in other EU countries; and more UK students study abroad in the EU than those of any other country—on average, 10,000 each year.
The noble Lord, Lord Harris of High Cross, entertained us with his litany of difficulties arising out of European Union membership, although I considered his characterisation of some of them to be more of a caricature than a description. But perhaps I may try to put the positive case to him. The Union improves our quality of life. I see that the noble Lord is not in his place. In that case, I shall not detain your Lordships further in answering the noble Lord, Lord Harris.
I turn instead to the points raised by the noble Lord, Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach. He reminded us that the Bill of the noble Lord, Lord Pearson, is not about leaving the European Union. Of course, it is not, although I believe that it was presented to us very much in those terms.
The noble Lord, Lord Griffiths, concentrated much of his address on what I might call the "threat of creeping federalism". It was the "F" word that the noble Earl, Lord Liverpool, felt so constrained to use. But this Government have made it abundantly clear that we do not want a federal state; we want a Europe where national identities are not submerged and where countries co-operate with each other. We shall not agree to any action at Union level simply for the sake of it; we shall do so only where there is a clear benefit to the United Kingdom.
We are not alone in that. Perhaps I may quote from Jacques Chirac, who said on 26th June 2000:
"I do not think that one can have a federal Europe. The creation of a United States of Europe is not realistic because not a single nation is prepared to give up its identity".
That is a French quotation. I quote also from Joschka Fischer, who said on 24th January 2002:
"The EU is never going to be a state, let alone some kind of superstate".
No one—not in Germany, France or anywhere else in Europe—wants to see a centralised super-bureaucracy. A more closely integrated Union is the exact opposite of such a superstate.
We also had some discussion about the convention on Europe. Perhaps I may turn to the wider issues raised on that, as did the noble Lords, Lord Vinson and Lord Moran, and the noble Earl, Lord Liverpool. It was precisely because we needed a response to the type of concerns raised by those noble Lords—and, indeed, by the noble Lord, Lord Beaumont—that the Convention on the Future of Europe was convened. It was convened,
"to consider the key issues arising for the Union's future development and to try to identify the various possible responses".
That is why—in order to help to shape the debate—the noble Lords, Lord Tomlinson and Lord Maclennan of Rogart, have spent much of the past 16 months travelling to Brussels. I shall take a brief moment to thank them wholeheartedly for the very hard work that they have undertaken on our behalf.
The draft constitutional treaty prepared by the convention was presented to the European Council at Thessaloniki last week. There, leaders concurred that the agreed draft was a good basis for starting our discussions at the intergovernmental conference which will begin in October.
This Government believe that the convention has done a good job. The outcome provides a foundation for a modern, more democratic Europe, that is better anchored to the member states and more accountable to its citizens. The draft constitutional treaty will be clearer and easier for everyone to understand, and it will help them to ensure a more efficient, effective union of the future.
In answer to the noble Lord, Lord Vinson, there are areas in which negotiations are continuing. There are issues which we should continue to defend, and fight hard to protect British interests. We shall return to these matters at the IGC. Above all, the draft constitutional treaty offers the prospect of stability in the way that the union works.
There is no truth in the wild claims in some newspapers that this represents "a blueprint for tyranny" as it said in the Daily Mail. In fact, Robert Badinter in Nouvel Observateur noted that,
"we could dub this constitution for the Europe of 25 "la britannique" in recognition of the diplomatic skill of our British friends".
Those are the same diplomats whom some of your Lordships have accused of being party to some sort of international conspiracy against this country. The noble Lord, Lord Vinson, quoted freely from the Guardian, the Economist and The Times. I could quote back to him from Le Monde, from the Spanish newsper El Pais and from German newspapers. Le Monde of 29th May 2003 stated:
"The British government is pleased with the Convention and has every right to be so. The text meets virtually all its expectations and allays most of its fears".
Let me quote from the Sueddeutsche Zeitung of 24th May 2003. It stated:
"Following pressure from the UK Government, the draft future EU constitution no longer speaks of the Union developing its policies in a Federal Manner".
It is an enlightening experience to read the European press, as well as our own. I urge your Lordships to glance at those European newspapers on occasion.
Finally, in an oratorical flourish worthy of the noble Lord, Lord Pearson of Rannoch, himself, it was Mr Amato, the vice president of the convention, who, on voicing his disappointment about the outcomes of the convention, said, "I want to kill myself".
Some of your Lordships have concentrated on defence issues. The noble Lords, Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach and Lord Harris of High Cross, mentioned these issues. I cannot agree that we have more military powers than the rest of Europe put together. It is demonstrably not true. I would agree with him, if the point that he really wanted to make was that we have more military strength than any other single country in Europe. That is true. We have the best disciplined forces in Europe. Those are strong points. We do not support the introduction of common defence, either at 25, or through enhanced co-operation. We believe that it is divisive and a duplication of NATO.
I will not detain your Lordships any longer on these points, because I have repeated them so often from this Dispatch Box. However, I stress that there is no question of our moving away from the position that the Government have adopted in relation to our defence relationship in Europe and the importance that we attach to NATO. I hope that there is no dubiety whatever on that point.
The noble Earl, Lord Liverpool, stressed the cost of enlargement. He is quite right; it is natural that current member states pay more for enlargement. That is a matter of record. However, I am bound to say to the noble Earl and to the noble Baroness, Lady Cox, that there is no greater testimony to the benefits of EU membership than the desire of the 10 accession countries to be part of the Union. It stretches the imagination too far to believe that 10 independent countries should all be suddenly struck by the same aberration of wanting, against their national interests, to join the European Union. That stretches the bounds of credibility too far.
I could detail many other points on reform, but I am not going to do that. The noble Lord, Lord Pearson, does not attempt to camouflage his motives. He says unequivocally that he wants to leave the European Union. By his own admission, he is "a rabid Eurosceptic". He told us of the detriment to fishermen, to the art world and to those who take herbal remedies. However, he did admit that parts of our national life were intact, including our Armed Forces, foreign policy, judicial system, health and education, and possibly—although I was not sure about this—our tax system. Even by his own criteria, the noble Lord's own assessment was far from a compelling case for leaving Europe—unless one happens to be a vegetarian fisherman with a penchant for a little artwork.
The benefits of the European Union are abundantly clear. If we had not joined the EU, we would be poorer today—economically, socially and politically. We would find it harder to project power and influence
beyond our borders. We would be less safe. The rights we take for granted are not automatic; they come with membership of the EU. It is in Britain's interest to be a committed member of the Union.
The costs and implications of withdrawal are evident. We have seen the implications of the United Kingdom being a not-so-committed member of the EU in the past. The impact of complete withdrawal would be far worse, with dramatic consequences for jobs, economic security, and for the quality of life of the people of this country.
Therefore, the Government do not believe that it is necessary to set up a committee of inquiry to tell us what we know already. However, it is not the Government's practice to oppose a Private Member's Bill on Second Reading in this House, so I do not do so. But I do not do so in the full knowledge that all your Lordships understand the Government's position.
Lord Pearson of Rannoch: My Lords, I am most grateful to all noble Lords who have spoken. It is regrettable that the only people to oppose the Bill were from the Front Benches.
I was particularly grateful for the comments of the noble Lord, Lord Stoddart, which he addressed to the Conservative Party. I have been saying it for years, but it does not seem to have had any effect. Let us hope that here we have an instance of nemo profeta inpatria.
The noble Lord, Lord Harris of High Cross, frightened even me with his estimate of the total cost of some �38 billion a year for our membership of the European Union. But the noble Lord, Lord Harris, is one of the great economists of our age and a great father of free-market economics. The trouble with �1 billion is that it slips very easily off the tongue. But just �- billion builds a really decent district hospital. It equips and staffs it to run indefinitely. So in this absurd contribution to the corrupt octopus, we are throwing away 76 district hospitals per annum.
I was very grateful to the noble Lord, Lord Moran, for his intervention and for his suggestion that a Select Committee of your Lordships' House might be the best way of taking this Bill forward. If the Government upon reflection really want to stick to the line put forward by the Minister, I hope that the noble Lord and I can do that together.
I shall not thank all noble Lords who spoke on my behalf. I am sure that they appreciate my gratitude and their words can be read in Hansard. I am sure that they will repay study.
The noble Baroness, Lady Ludford, speaks from her great experience as a former employee of the European Union. I was a little surprised that she did not mention it. It would have allowed us to understand the wisdom with which she spoke. She mentioned the proposed exit clause in the new Giscard constitution. Quite so; but how do we know how to judge the exit clause if we do not know what it might mean?
The noble Baroness, Lady Ludford, and the Minister exalted the referendum results from the applicant nations in Europe. Of course, those nations are voting for one thing and they may be a little less amused when they get another. There is also the point that nearly everyone who has conducted negotiations for the applicant nations hopes to get a job in the European Union when their countries accede—I may say at a minimum of times 10 of their present salaries. I feel sure that that has had some influence on the process.
I am accused by the noble Baroness, Lady Ludford, of wanting the same status for this country as Switzerland. Then the old chestnut fell from the lips of both the noble Baroness and the Minister that that would mean we would have to obey all the European rules without the possibility of influencing their making, with our measly 14 per cent of the votes. But of course that is not true. The only change that we would have to make is that our exports would have to meet the requirements of the single market, just as do exports from the United States of America, Japan or anywhere else to the single market.
The noble Baroness, Lady Symons, took me to task for saying that the British Government have been lying. My definition of a lie is when someone says something which they know to be untrue, as Mr Heath undoubtedly did. So I am afraid I do not withdraw the comment.
And then the Minister could not resist telling us how wonderful was the new breakthrough in the common agricultural policy. As far as I am aware, British taxpayers will not save anything under the deal. I am not in a position to ask her a question, but I am sure
we can return to the issue. If the French gave away something, what did they receive in return? What was the quid pro quo? I am sure it is interesting.
Then I am afraid both the Minister and the noble Baroness, Lady Ludford, said what I said they would say: that the 3.5 million jobs which support our trade with the single market would be at stake if we left the European Union. Of course that simply is not true. We could have a free trade agreement and that would be the end of it.
Finally, the Minister got herself in a bit of a muddle as to whether I accused her of being about to wiggle or to wriggle. I am sure that your Lordships would not mind if she wiggled on a Friday afternoon at this time of year, but I feared that she might have tried to wriggle out of the case that we have put to her. I would say that she did so with great elegance, but with a considerable lack of conviction.
Noble Lords: Oh!
Lord Pearson of Rannoch: My Lords, I mean that she did not convince me. I have no doubt that her wriggles convinced her.
The Bill does not require us to leave the European Union. However, European integration is clearly moving to the point where most of our partners may wish to create a union of which very few people in Britain will want to be part. The Bill would show whether that is necessary or wise and I trust that your Lordships will support it.
On Question, Bill read a second time, and committed to a Committee of the Whole House.
House adjourned at twenty-seven minutes past two o'clock.
Next Section Back to Table of Contents Lords Hansard Home Page


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Report: US Diplomats Met with Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood
Kate Hicks
@KateBHicks
As part of an attempt to better understand Egypt's political atmosphere, diplomats have met with members of the Muslim Brotherhood, the world's leading Islamist organization that seeks to implement Sharia Law at the state level. Per Reuters:
Washington announced the plans in June, portraying such contacts as the continuation of an earlier policy. But analysts said it reflected a new approach to the way it dealt with a group which Mubarak banned from politics.
The Brotherhood is one of Egypt's most popular and organized groups, with a broad grassroots network built up partly through social work even in Mubarak's era.
Under the previous policy, U.S. diplomats were allowed to deal with the Brotherhood's members of parliament who had won seats as "independents" to skirt the official ban. This offered a diplomatic cover to keep lines of communication open.
"We have had direct contacts with senior officials of the Freedom and Justice party," the senior diplomat told Reuters, referring to the Brotherhood's party that was founded after politics opened up following the ouster of Mubarak.
The diplomat said U.S. officials did not make a distinction between members of the Brotherhood or its party. "We don't have a policy that makes a distinction, that one or the other is off limits," he said, without saying when the meetings took place.
The Brotherhood was instrumental in Egypt's regime change, and has helped to partially fill the political vacuum left by former president Hosni Mubarak's departure. The group is expected to do well in elections for Egypt's paliament, although no single party is projected to have a majority.
Although it advocates for nonviolence, the Brotherhood serves as spiritual inspiration to violent organizations such as Hamas, and its ultimate goal is to create a state based on the teachings and laws of Islam--a development some fear could create an extremism-friendly environment.
It is unclear when the meetings took place, or who, exactly, was present, but the anonymous diplomat made it clear that the talks were intended to faciliate communication with the rising political force:
The diplomat said contacts with the Brotherhood were part of an bid to understand Egypt better and explain U.S. policies.
"From our perspective it is important to be in touch with all of the emerging political forces here in Egypt, across the board, that are peaceful and committed to non-violence," he said.
"It helps to understand Egypt and the way the political system is developing, and it helps us to deliver our message and get them to understand where we are coming from," he added.


Fairfax's Michael Pascoe writes today about Murray & Frijters' study Clean Money in a Dirty System: Relationship Networks and Land Rezoning in Queensland which found politically connected developers gained $410 million through favourable rezoning decisions in Brisbane in the years 2007-2012.
Cameron Murray and Paul Fijters of University of Queensland comprehensively scoured records and assembled who owned what, lobbyists paid, networks exercised and political donations made.
Using micro-level relationship data from multiple sources, we compare the relationship-network characteristics of landowners of comparable sites inside and outside the ULDA areas, finding that 'connected' landowners owned 75% of land inside the rezoned areas, and only 12% outside, capturing $410 million in land value gains out of the total $710 million from rezoning.
You could have heard Cameron build this picture at a Prosper-sponsored seminar in Melbourne back in June.
One fascinating insight from Cameron was that political donations are overwhelmingly 'signalling' by outsiders who want to join the picnic. Established developers have no need for such nonsense. The big licks of (visible) money paid go to incentivizing political lobbyists to secure a particular outcome.
"…should have brought down state and local governments, sparked a royal commission and radically changed the Australian housing industry. Five months later, the paper seems to be forgotten and Australia's biggest racket rolls on unchallenged: gaming land rezoning for enormous windfall profits.
The unceasing narrative proclaimed before the innocent is that high and rising land prices are evidence of economic health.
The bleak reality is, entire future working lives are capitalized into today with mortgages and captured by a small band of developers. Life-long debt-servitude and diligent employee behavior is the lot of anyone presuming to fulfil The Great Australian Dream and buying their family a home.
And people wonder why we want to tax the land while untaxing labour and business.
So in other words, this article confirms the general public are sheep and that the political world accordingly and deservingly treat them as such? I rest my case.
How about we all help with the acquisition of a radio broadcasting licence? The office is already there. Donations are tax deductible. Advertising can help with ongoing costs. 'Prosper' can make a much more powerful case against these vested interests. Feasibility study into this idea would be great.


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CDA Finalized Govt Firm to Maintain Cleanliness at Metro Bus Stations
Islamabad: The CDA Board met on Monday with its chairman Aamir Ali Ahmed in the chair and decided to urgently engage some government fir for collection of garbage and maintenance of cleanliness on the different stations of Metro Bus Service from Peshawer Mor to New Islamabad International Airport. The government firm will be hired under section 42(F) of the (PPRA) rules. The said rule allows government organizations to create contracts with government entities. It was told that Rawalpindi Waste Management Company (RWMC) of Lahore Waste Management Company were the top contenders. PM Shahbaz Sharif inaugurated the Bus Service last week which is providing free services to the citizens during the holy month of Ramazan.
Pindi Peshawar Road Announced Signal Free
The construction of 25.6 kilometer Metro Bus Service from Peshawar Mor to New Islamabad Airport was started in 2017 by the PML (N) Government but the work lingered on due to the change of government in 2018. The completion period was initially one year but the project took five years before finally being inaugurated by PM Shahbaz Sharif last week. The PM was also directed to connect the Metro bus service from Sadder- Pak Secretariat with Peshawer Mor - New Airport Bus Service. The task has been completed within a week by the CDA and both the services have been interlinked at Faiz Ahmed Faiz Station near to Islamabad Excise and Taxation office in Islamabad. The PM has also directed the concerned authorities to immediately start work on Faizabad to Rawat Metro Bus Service.
PM Inaugurated Metro Bus Project Islamabad
The CDA Board also decided to discuss new bylaws for fuel stations in Islamabad and decided that the establishment of convenience stores and restaurants along the stations would not be allowed. The meeting observed that allowing the convenience stores and restaurants along the stations would open a floodgate of requests for similar provisions along the GT Road and Motorways," Establishment of a convenience store or restaurant contributes towards commercial activity in the right of way (ROW) of roads which is in contradiction to Islamabad's Master Plan".


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Q: USB device read fails when Microsoft Edge is open I have a Win32 MFC application which connects to a USB device via a Bulk interface. It's been working OK for years.
But now, on Windows 10, when Microsoft Edge (96.0.1054.43) is open the USB read operation times out.
Maybe the USB data written to the device hasn't arrived but the WriteFile call is returning the correct number of bytes.  But that's probably the write to the driver rather than the device.
If I change the timeout to 10 seconds it still times out.  It seems that Microsoft Edge might be completely blocking the USB connection to the device.
The driver is Microsoft's user mode USB driver (WdfCoInstaller01009.dll) and is fully signed.
Has anyone else observed this behaviour and is there a fix?
This is not just an issue with my PC but with customers elsewhere.  Everything works perfectly except when Microsoft Edge is open.  It happens also when Chrome is open.
Update
Disabling 2 options in Microsoft Edge fixes this issue:

*

*Startup Boost

*Continue running background extensions and apps when Microsoft Edge is closed

Both of these options must be disabled.
Chrome has a setting:

*

*Continue running background apps when Google Chrome is closed

but disabling this does not fix the issue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Rabbi Levi Raichik leads a group in prayer after lighting the first candles on the menorah standing outside of Baker University Center at Ohio University on Monday, Nov. 29, 2021. This event is one of many this week celebrating Hanukkah put on by Chabad at Ohio University.
Photo by Jesse Jarrold-Grapes | The Post
'Public displays of Judaism are the message': OU Chabad celebrates Hanukkah
By Katie Millard
December 3, 2021 | 12:05am EST
The crowd cheers and applauds as the menorah is lit. Against the dark night sky, the lights shine brightly, illuminating the students gathered to celebrate in front of Baker University Center. This year, Hanukkah's eight-night celebration spans from Nov. 28 to Dec. 6, and Chabad has events every night.
Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday, dating back to the second-century B.C.E. At the time, Israel was ruled by the Seleucids, a Greek empire based in Western Asia, who tried to force the Jewish population to accept Hellenistic beliefs and culture over their own. The holiday commemorates the revolt of a small army of Jews, called Maccabees, defeating the mighty Greek army and recapturing the temple in Jerusalem. The lighting of the menorah, which most non-Jews associate with the holiday, commemorates the events following the recapture of the temple, the miracle of a single day's worth of oil lighting the temple's menorah for eight long days.
Chabad, an organization dedicated to spreading Jewish awareness, has one of its over 3,000 centers around the world at 33 N. Court St. According to Chabad's Ohio University chapter website, the campus organization "provides an environment where Jewish students can take ownership of their Jewish identity," offering kosher Shabbat and holiday meals for students free of charge.
This week's celebration has a different event each night, such as lighting the menorah, enjoying seasonal food and listening to Hanukkah music. Sunday, the first night, opened with a menorah lighting and latkes, which are fried potato pancakes.
The second night of Hanukkah brought the biggest event of the week, the annual giant menorah lighting outside Baker Center, open to all students regardless of their faith. OU President Hugh Sherman and Gigi Secuban, the vice president of Diversity and Inclusion, each spoke at the event alongside Chabad Rabbi Levi Raichik, with Sherman helping to light the Shamash, or center candle. After the lighting, the event moved inside Baker Center for music, food and celebration.
"The whole purpose of lighting the menorah is to publicize the story of Hanukkah, which is why many Jewish people have the custom to light their menorahs outside or by a window so everyone could see. The more people that see and participate in lighting the menorah, the more you have tapped into the purpose of the menorah in the first place."
Chabad Rabbi Levi Raichik
Sherman said he was grateful to speak at the event and reinforce OU's commitment to diversity.
"I think it's important that the university confirms its tolerance for religion and acceptance of all religions," Sherman said, "Especially in this day and age, with all of the controversies that are going on across the country. It's important for us to stand up and say that we're an inclusive university and accept all different people who come here, regardless of their backgrounds."
Jacob Levin, a senior studying business management and psychology, is a member of Chabad and said he was glad the event was open to all.
"I think it's really great to share Hanukkah with non-Jews because it's really about the flame of Judaism continuing," Levin said.
Raichik agreed with Levin and said Hanukkah is meant to be a public display.
"The whole purpose of lighting the menorah is to publicize the story of Hanukkah, which is why many Jewish people have the custom to light their menorahs outside or by a window so everyone could see," Raichik said. "The more people that see and participate in lighting the menorah, the more you have tapped into the purpose of the menorah in the first place."
The public nature of Hanukkah has spurred some new importance for the holiday. While Hanukkah is perhaps the most well-known Jewish holiday in America, it is traditionally not one of the most important, as the holidays of Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish new year, and Yom Kippur, the day of atonement, occurs in early fall. The public awareness of Hanukkah and the menorah's purpose have given the holiday new weight.
"It has become easier and easier to … blend into the general population, to the extent that not everyone will even know you're Jewish," Raichik said. "I think that is the reason Hanukkah has become so important in recent years. Assimilation into general culture is the greatest threat to the Jewish community, so the menorah has become a symbol of the struggle against that."
While the community lighting is the largest event of the week, as anyone is invited, the remaining seven days each host events, too. Every night includes lighting the menorah, often accompanied by another tradition.
Jesse Jarrold-Grapes
Members of Chabad at Ohio University celebrate Hannukkah on Wednesday, Dec. 1, 2021 with a small dinner and get together as they prepare for Thursday's festivities.
Tuesday, the third night of Hanukkah, involved sufganiyot, or jelly-filled donuts, another traditional Hanukkah food. Wednesday invites Dreidel, a Hanukkah game in which participants spin a small dreidel, a top with four sides, and either win or lose pieces depending on how it falls.
Thursday was another highly anticipated event for Chabad members: the Hanukkah "jarty" (Jewish-party). The evening includes carnival games, food and an open bar for those 21 and older. Joy Duke, vice president of Chabad, said the party was one of the evenings she was most looking forward to.
"We've done a lot of Hanukkah parties, but we're trying to make it different than our previous ones," Duke said. "Carnival games and stuff like that, and it should be really fun."
Friday brings Shabbat dinner, opening the day of rest that lasts from sundown Friday evening through nightfall Saturday. Saturday is the Havdalah lighting, Shabbat's closing ritual. Finally, Sunday, the eighth night, celebrates the final menorah lighting and the last night of Hanukkah.
"I think it's important that the university confirms its tolerance for religion and acceptance of all religions. Especially in this day and age, with all of the controversies that are going on across the country. It's important for us to stand up and say that we're an inclusive university and accept all different people who come here, regardless of their backgrounds."
President Hugh Sherman
Molly Cohen, a freshman studying communication studies, joined Chabad upon coming to campus this fall. She said she's been grateful to have a place to go, especially during holidays,
"These are my first Jewish holidays away from home, so (I'm) able to spend those holidays with other Jewish people, which is great," Cohen said.
The nightly communal events are a great way to celebrate, but they also serve a need for many Jewish students. As an underclassman, Cohen is unable to light a menorah in her room because of the university's ban on candles in residence halls. Raichik courted for underclassmen to light their menorahs, but the plan fell through despite university efforts.
"It was a little disappointing, but it's not the end of the world," Raichik said. "I'm sure they tried their hardest to make it work. And thank God: many students have been coming to Chabad to light the menorah, so I don't think there's any harm done."
Cohen said lighting the menorah in her room would be great, but she appreciates the extra excuse to celebrate with her friends.
"It would be nice to be able to do it in my dorm room but, honestly, it doesn't affect me too much because I'm able to light it at Chabad, and that just gives me another excuse to be there," Cohen said.
Coming together through Chabad each night, Jewish students are able to celebrate with one another and allow non-Jewish individuals a glimpse into tradition.
"Public displays of Judaism are the message. All the rituals of Hanukkah, like I said about the menorah, it has to be public, and the most people as possible should know about it," Raichik said. "And that is hopefully continued through the whole year. Public displays of Judaism are the way forward and the way to maintain a strong, healthy Jewish identity and community."
@katie_millard11
km053019@ohio.edu


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Q: How i can hide an item menu when logged in (in joomla 2.5) In Joomla 2.5, I need to hide the item menu "reserved area" after logged in.
Any trick?
If it's impossible to get achieved by configuration, could you give me any suggestion about the code I have to modify?
Thank you

A: You have to assign the menu item to Guest Access Level.
Menus -> *Menu_Name -> *Menu_Item -> Access: Guest

Reference: Allowing Guest-Only Access to Menu Items and Modules.


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Former president Bill Clinton has been busy promoting The President Is Missing, the new political thriller he co-wrote with best-selling author James Patterson, and he simply can't stop stepping in it — "it" of course being his history of alleged sexual misconduct.
Last week, he told the Today show that he believes he "did the right thing" during the Monica Lewinsky scandal; a day later, after facing quite a bit of backlash, he walked this comment back on The Late Show With Stephen Colbert. This weekend, during , Clinton came to the defense of former Senator Al Franken, who resigned in December following allegations of sexual harassment.
Well, in general, I think it's a good thing, yes. I think it's a good thing that we should all have higher standards. I think the norms have really changed in terms of, what you can do to somebody against their will, how much you can crowd their space, make them miserable at work.
There may be things I don't know. But I — maybe I'm just an old-fashioned person, but it seemed to me that there were 29 women on Saturday Night Live that put out a statement for him, and that the first and most fantastic story was called, I believe, into question.
Watch the full clip of his PBS interview below.
Bill Clinton strongly suggests Al Franken was treated unjustly - says some other awkward and weird things about "what you can do to someone against their will" - concludes: "maybe I'm just an old-fashioned person"


再刷刷脸书。 9. Click on an enticing link about a celebrity. 点开一则有关明星的新闻链接。 10. Have a look at your emails. 382!
Talking to IANS, Priyanka said ever since she ran away from Vishunpur Khurd April 13 demanding that her in-laws build a toilet to get their 'bahu' back, her life changed as she attracted national and international attention.她4月13日逃离了夫家,要求建立室内厕所,否则绝不回去。在交谈中巴蒂告诉大家,那以后,她成为了国内和国际关注的中心,生活从此发生改变。"I'm happy that by the construction of a new toilet with all modern facilities, I'm back with my husband and can live happily," she said, as photographers jostled to take her picture with her in-laws.
当工作量远远超出我们的承受范围时,压力就会接踵而来,而一旦感到身体疲惫,效率也会大打折扣。所以,你要学会把任务分派给下属去做,给自己一点放松的时间。Set up Deadlines设定期限When you have a task at hand, set a realistic deadline and stick to it. Try to set a deadline few days before the task so that you can complete all those tasks that may get in the way. Challenge yourself and meet the deadline. Reward yourself for meeting a difficult challenge.


Kudos is the new name for Advanced Timbercraft.
We've changed a lot since we first began building bespoke high spec homes 50 years ago. Back then we hadn't fully discovered the benefits of timber frame homes, but once we did we ran with it and have now been specialists in timber frame construction for the last 20 years.
As Advanced Timbercraft, we thought we had a name that described what we did – using our own unique precision-engineered timber framed core to create advanced, atmospherically controlled, energy efficient dwellings. With our services and knowledge growing over the years we realised that what we really do is create clever homes. Everything from engineering timber frame core right through to full build dwellings.
Re-branding as Kudos allows us to communicate the full breadth of our skill base to our clients and partners, open doors to new opportunities and help us grow our team. We encourage people to take a fresh look at timber frame and, with our new name, a fresh look at us and our vibrant crew of craftspeople.
Taking the plunge to launch something new is never easy, but we successfully launched at the Self Build and Improve Your Home Show in February 2016 together with an advertisement in the Self Build Magazine to coincide with the live show. The re-designed show stand and brand new marketing collateral in the hands of our experienced Kudos team resulted in a well-received first outing. We have been putting rolling out the new branding throughout the year with vehicle livery, site signage, workwear and a spanking new website!
We may have a different name, but we still use the finest timber frame technologies to create high performance, low energy homes that deserve some Kudos. Combined with a committed and experienced team throughout the company we are committed to delivering great build experience in and a clever home built with Kudos.
So if you're looking for Advanced Timbercraft, look for Kudos!
Keep up to date with all that happens at Kudos by following us on social media. Find Kudos at Facebook.com/BuildingKudos, Twitter.com/BuildingKudos and Instagram.com/buildingkudos.


text:
Auteurs contemporains
Discours critique sur les œuvres de littérature contemporaine
Robert des noms propres
Amélie Nothomb, Robert des noms propres, Paris, Albin Michel, 2002.
« Le destin exceptionnel d'une petite fille prénommée Plectrude née sous les auspices les plus dramatiques et au parcours semé d'obstacles. »
Documentation critique
RICE, Alison, « "Que faire du corps ?" La maîtrise de soi dans Robert des noms propres d'Amélie Nothomb », Nouvelles études francophones, vol. 20, n° 2 (automne 2005), p. 171-183. +++ Article de revue
NODOT-KAUFMAN, Claire, « Les irrégulières. Une étude de la menstruation chez Marie Cardinal, Marie Darrieussecq, Jacqueline Harpman et Amélie Nothomb », thèse de doctorat, Department of French and Italian, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2012, 328 p. +++ Thèse de doctorat / mémoire de maîtrise
### Résumé
« This dissertation aims to analyze the discourse on menstruation and its cultural représentation in contemporary French literature by exploring the works of four women novelists. Although almost non-existent in earlier literature, menstruation has recently become a prominent theme in French and Francophone women's fiction. However, as reflected in the writings of Cardinal, Darrieussecq, Nothomb and Harpman, this new focus does not deviate from the traditional, patriarchal, and negatively charged représentation of menstruation. Indeed, these authors use literature to come to terms with a relationship with menstruation experienced as a burdensome process, one that is oftentimes both psychologically and physically traumatic. In each of their accounts, a diffïcult relationship with the mother is key to the trauma, which is expressed through anarchie menstrual cycles, haemorraging or amenorrhea. Because the perspective on menstruation is transmitted from mother to daughter, menstruation cornes to represent most of the issues tied to femininity and maternity.
Paradoxically, however, even as they reinforce certain clichés associated with menstruation, the four authors studied here also actively challenge restrictive and deterministic views on femininity. They emphasize that menstruation should not be construed as a defining factor in women's identity, whether in positive or negative terms. Wary of the dangers of an essentialism that would place regular, predictable menstruation at the core of femininity, they valorize irregularity, reminding us both that only some women menstruate regularly and that regularity as a norm is debilitating. Their literary works thus contribute to the larger cultural debate now unfolding on whether menstruation is necessary or not (illustrated, for example, by recent contraceptive advances that make it possible for women to rid themselves of their menstrual cycles). Instead of defming women as cyclical, regular creatures, these authors portray irregularity as a positive value and a positive space where femininity and even gender can be renegotiated.
Table des matières de la section concernant Amélie Nothomb
IV. Amélie Nothomb : la sale viande
1. Supprimer le sang
2. Que faire des corps ? Une métaphysique des « tubes »
3. Le miroir ignoble
4. D'un spéculum à l'autre : s'échapper de la chambre cramoisie
Porte aussi sur Mercure et Hygiène de l'assassin
La version PDF de la thèse est disponible pour les membres de communautés universitaires qui ont un abonnement institutionnel auprès de UMI - Proquest###
KEMP, Anna, « The Child as Artist in Amélie Nothomb's Robert des noms propres, French Studies: A Quarterly Review, vol. 66, n° 1 (janvier 2012), p. 54-67. +++ Article de revue
### Abstract
This article will argue that, unlike many female-authored narratives, Amélie Nothomb's Robert des noms propres does not figure childhood as a time of freedom arising from a blissful unawareness of the body, but instead constructs childhood as an aesthetic ideal that transcends the body altogether. Far from being a space of natural liberty before the onslaught of culture, the Nothombian childhood is a disembodied space entirely colonized by the artifical and aesthetic. Indeed, the freedom of the Nothombian child is first and foremost the freedom of the artist; an artist, moreover, who produces herself as her own master-work. As such, the transition from childhood to adulthood does not so much bring an embodied self into conflict with society, as bring art into conflict with life. This article will argue that Nothomb's staging of a clash between art and life raises questions both for critical approaches that look to women's writing for the expression of a female self, and postmodern feminist approaches that celebrate a 'textualization' of this self. ###
LARKIN, Aine, « The Ballet Body Beautiful: Pleasure and Pain in Amélie Nothomb's Robert des noms propres », dans Erika FULÖP et Adrienne ANGELO (dir.), Cherchez la femme : Women and Values in the Francophone World, Newcastle, Cambridge Scholars, 2011, p. 195-208. +++ Chapitre de collectif
McILVANNEY, Siobhán, « "Il était une fois …" : Trauma and the Fairytale in Amélie Nothomb's Robert des noms propres », Dalhousie French Studies, n° 81 (hiver 2007), p. 19-28. +++ Article de revue
### McIlvanney, 2007, HTML ###
DAMLÉ, Amaleena, « The Becoming of Anorexia and Text in Amélie Nothomb's Robert des noms propres and Delphine de Vigan's Jours sans faim », dans Amaleena DAMLÉ et Gill RYE (dir.), Women's Writing in Twenty-First-Century France: Life as Literature, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 2013. +++ Chapitre de collectif
Commentaires et suggestions...
Robert des noms propres (oeuvre)


text:
Chiefs, Rams, Cardinals, Buccaneers clinch NFL playoff spots in Week 16
Michael Middlehurst-Schwartz, USA TODAY
The NFL postseason race got a little bit clearer on Sunday.
The Kansas City Chiefs, Los Angeles Rams, Arizona Cardinals and Tampa Bay Buccaneers all clinched playoff spots in the early window of games.
The Chiefs became the first AFC team to seal a postseason berth on Sunday with a 36-10 win over the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Chiefs earned their sixth consecutive AFC West crown – the longest streak by any team in the history of the division – thanks in part to the Los Angeles Chargers' 41-29 loss to the Houston Texans on Sunday.
The Rams' 30-23 victory over the Minnesota Vikings guaranteed berths in the postseason field for both Los Angeles and Arizona, which squandered its own opportunity to secure a spot Saturday with a 22-13 loss to the Indianapolis Colts. The 11-4 Rams moved a full game ahead of the 10-5 Cardinals with two weeks left to play.
Rams coach Sean McVay is in the playoffs for the fourth time in his five seasons at the helm. The Cardinals had been tied with the Cincinnati Bengals and Denver Broncos for the second-longest active playoff drought at five seasons.
Brandon Powell of the Los Angeles Rams celebrates with Ben Skowronek #18 and Christian Rozeboom #56 after returning a punt for a touchdown in the third quarter against the Minnesota Vikings at U.S. Bank Stadium on December 26, 2021 in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The Buccaneers, meanwhile, sealed the NFC South title with a 32-6 win over the Carolina Panthers. The division title was the franchise's first since the 2007 season; Tampa Bay made its Super Bowl run last season as a wild-card entrant.
The Dallas Cowboys, who sealed a berth on Thursday thanks to the San Francisco 49ers' 20-17 loss to the Tennessee Titans, wrapped up the NFC East crown before their tilt with the Washington Football Team thanks to the Las Vegas Raiders' win over the Denver Broncos providing a strength-of-victory tiebreaker over the Philadelphia Eagles.
The Green Bay Packers last week became the first team to clinch a playoff spot by wrapping up the NFC North with a 31-30 win over the Baltimore Ravens.
Follow USA TODAY Sports' Michael Middlehurst-Schwartz on Twitter @MikeMSchwartz.
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: NFL playoffs: Chiefs, Rams, Cardinals, Buccaneers clinch in Week 16
Bears' pros and cons in 4 areas, including what the team has in QB Justin Fields
What can Bears offer new GM and coach?


This 2 in one fridge and freezer unit is ideal for customers wanting to save electricity and space in their kitchen as it allows you to store food in separate compartments with different set temperature.
This unit is ideal for customers who would want to have one unit that can store regular food and frozen food at the same time. Saves you enough space and electricity in your kitchen since you don't have to buy another equipment for storing your products.
Designed with a rugged stainless steel front, sides, and top, this unit is built for the rigors of daily commercial use. It also features a stainless steel floor to ensure further durability and ease of cleaning. For convenient storage and organization of all your refrigerated ingredients, this unit comes with nine heavy-duty, polyethylene-coated wire shelves. Additionally, its half door design saves energy since you only need to open one door at a time.
This unit also features Turbo Air's revolutionary self-cleaning condenser system, which automatically cleans the condenser by moving a rotating brush up and down across its surface 2-3 times per day. Not only does this process eliminate the need for your employees to manually clean the condenser every few weeks, but it prevents dust from building up on the coils. In turn, this reduces the stress on the compressor and the risk of it breaking down, resulting in fewer maintenance calls and higher overall energy efficiency.


I have always tried taking naps in between classes but they are not as comfortable as I would like. I always wish I had some sort of travel pillow system that did not take too much space. My NapJac idea does just that and more!


Showing my chrome headlight cover......and wind deflectors.
Re: Showing my chrome headlight cover......and wind deflectors.
just noticed you reg .. is this for real ?
I'm a bit simple I know ...but these wind deflectors .. Clue in the name , but what real advantages do they give ?
pd1971 wrote: I'm a bit simple I know ...but these wind deflectors .. Clue in the name , but what real advantages do they give ?


This project came about from a desire to have something more impressive than a lawn chair to sit on and hand out candy with. I was determined to come up with something a bit more "impressive". The result was this project. I have presented it as a how-to so if your interested you can construct one of your own or use this one as inspiration.
Coming up with the design is sometimes the hardest part. I was looking for something that would be big and impressive yet fold up into a small space for storage. After some intial concepts I drew up the plans shown below.
It gives a big impressive backrest with even bigger "spider legs" to enwrap the person sitting on it.
The first step was cutting out the shapes. I started with a 4x8 sheet of plywood and using some grid paper and a tape measure made a good approximation of the pattern onto the plywood. its not perfect, but hey - how many demon thrones are?
After the front and back were cut I painted them up and started on the seat itself. My first idea was a simple sheet of plywood nailed between them. But after sitting down on it and having it crash to the floor (in front of my better half - to her great amusement) I set about creating a solid seat as the basis.
Since I have a decent picture, I won't show the details of how the seat is constructed. I used a 2x2 foot top, and 2 foot long 2x4's below. It doesn't really matter how you do it or how ugly it is, as long as it is solid.
Then when putting it all together I ended up with something solid! Remember it has to support the weight of someone.
Once I had a solid seat to sit on, it was time for the fun stuff! The backdrop had a lot of pieces to it to make it look good.
First off were the "veins". I took some minimally expanding insulation foam and just drew in some basic lines in a spray pattern. A little wiggly and they give some "organic" character to the backdrop.
Next up were the "skulls". I purchased a couple of those "pop-out" signs for a few bucks each and then cut off the edge and stapled it to the plywood. A bit of red paint to make the edges sort of blend in and the top of the backrest was looking good!
Next came the lighted piece. I cut a piece of plywood smaller than the main backrest but with approximately the same shape. Then I screwed a 2x4 to it so when it sits against the main backrest there is some separation. Finally I took a string of red Christmas lights and duct-taped them to the piece so they couldn't be seen from the front.
Although you can't see it from the picture, it looks really great in low light. You can see the red glow from behind the front piece which is lighting up the "veins" quite nicely. I screwed the two backrests together and voila - a chair fit for a Demon!
Part 4 - The "Legs"
One of the parts I really wanted were the "legs" or whatever you call them, something big and spooky. The legs are designed to carry fog and have small holes drilled in them so the fog will float out, between the glowing lights and fog I expect this to be a pretty cool throne!
Here is the detail of the 3/4" PVC piping I used as the foundation for the legs. A series of "T" and "Elbow" connectors glued together and sized to fit under the seat. Note the one "T" in the back where the fog pipe will connect.
This pic shows the legs in place. By mounting the foundation piece under the seat, all the stuff is hidden. The legs are 2 foot sections on the bottom, and 3 foot in the middle and 3 foot on top. I used 45 degree elbows to connect them. The middle leg has holes drilled every 6 inches to allow fog to escape.
I then started painting up the legs to make them suitable spooky and presto! I throne fit for a Demon.
Best of all, in a few minutes the whole thing will come apart, the PVC legs are not glued, just press-fitted in. The backrest and front piece are simple plywood and the "stool" part can be rebuilt next year easily. The whole thing will store in about 6 inches depth of space.
I hope this inspires you to build one or something even better. Happy Haunting!


WRI India with support from KMEA College of Architecture is organizing 'My Fort Kochi - ThanalKoottu'. This people led one day event will adopt a 'tactical urbanism process' of revitalizing the Vasco da Gama Square, Fort Kochi into a vibrant people oriented activity space. This will be achieved using temporary furniture, installations and activities. The aim is to demonstrate neighborhood building that uses short-term, low-cost, and scalable interventions to catalyze long term change.
Currently, our public spaces/ parks in Kochi, far and few in between, are either timed, ticketed and barricaded or encroached upon by parking and illegal commercial activity. Citizens in the city have limited choice of public spaces and common greens to unwind and have a healthy balanced lifestyle. Citizens often rely on malls, cinema theatres for their recreational purposes for lack of accessible public spaces. Thanalkoottu is the first step at reclaiming our city by creating safe and accessible public spaces in a citizen-led manner. Thanalkoottu will be a temporary and pilot event that would be a testing ground for creative use of space. This would give dynamic feedback from the citizens which would be helpful in creating permanent infrastructure for effective public spaces in the city.
28th May: 7am to 12pm – Build your space - Volunteers form neighborhood are welcome to contribute in creating the public space. They can contribute furniture on a temporary basis.
28th May: 3pm to 7pm – Claim your space - Heritage walking and cycling tours, Conversations with city representatives, interactive board activities about fort kochi, Treasure hunt, Games, Competitions, soccer and frisbee, performances and cleanliness drive.
WRI aims to create this as a 'people led approach' and we expect that the people of Fort Kochi will contribute towards making this a successful process.


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Q: Time Complexity for binary permutation representation of n bits I have return a below code in java to produce the possible binary representation of n digits.
public List<String> binaryRepresenation(int n){
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
    if(n>0){
        permuation(n, list, "");
    }
    return list;
}

private void permuation(int n, List<String> list, String str){
    if(n==0){
        list.add(str);
    }else{
        permuation(n-1, list, str+"0");
        permuation(n-1, list, str+"1");
    }
}

For n=3, it produces 001 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 combinations.
Overall this function produces 2^n possible representations.
Is it safe to say the time complexity is n * 2^n
Where 2^n time the method is called for base cases. In order to reach the each base case, it would have called the permutation method for maximum of n times.
So overall upper bound time complexity is n*2^n? Kindly correct me if i am wrong. I came to this conclusion based on the string permutation time complexity discussed in this thread Time Complexity of Permutations of a String . Your help will be much appreciated.

A: There is a small problem with your analysis. As you noticed, for each base case you have to call the function n times. But, some of those calls are being shared by other base cases. In other words, you are counting the same call multiple times.
This means that while the complexity definitely can't be greater than n * 2 ^ n, it might actually be lower.
To calculate a better bound on the complexity, you can count the actual number of calls to the permutation function. One way to do that is to consider the possible values of the str variable.
str will be a binary string of length less than or equal to n. Also, each call to the permutation function receives a unique value of str. This implies that the number of times the function is called is equal to the number of binary strings of length <= n.
How many such strings are there? 1 + 2 + 4 + ... + 2 ^ n = 2 ^ (n + 1) - 1
So, the number of times permutation is called is O(2^n).
But each call includes the operations str + "0" and str + "1". These operations take O(n) time. So, the net time complexity of the operation is: O(n * 2^n) but for somewhat different reasons than you originally thought.

A: The time complexity is O(2n). Each function call pushes two new function calls onto the stack until the base case is reached. Visualize the tree for n = 3 as follows:
            ________""________
           /                  \
       ___0___              ___1___
      /       \            /       \
    _00_     _01_        _10_     _11_
   /    \   /    \      /    \   /    \
  000  001 010   011   100  101 110   111

This is a perfect binary tree with 15 nodes and 8 leaves. 2n+1 states are visited, but we can remove the constant and simplify to O(2n).
String concatenation adds an n multiplier to the complexity, but using a StringBuilder or container with constant-time push/pop or add/remove operations should eliminate this, suggesting that that is only an implementation detail specific to your posted code, and not the algorithm's complexity in general.


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Watch Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai 22th December 2022
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Watch Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai 22th December 2022 Video Episode 3940 of Star Plus in HD Video. Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai Drama Serial Today Episode 3940 by Watch Video Online Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai 22th Dec 2022 By HotStar Stay to Connect to US for More Episodes
Telecast Date : 22th December 2022
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