The next wave of mobile network innovation is provoking great excitement in the industry. And indeed, there is substantial potential for improvement. However, the exact form of the technology and the appropriate policy support are still far from clear. And we should beware of over-ambitious promises about the impact and uptake of new network technologies.
A version of this piece was originally published on Corriere della Comunicazione.
The next generation of mobile technology, 5G, is being developed along markedly different lines from previous generations. In the past, mobile generations were generally characterised by a core technology (or sometimes by two or more core technologies), and were designed to fulfil the requirements of a fairly small number of mobile voice and data applications. By contrast, 5G is being developed to fulfil the needs of multiple use cases.
Most definitions of 5G assume that it will provide some combination of (1) high speed, (2) low latency, (3) the ability to use high frequencies well above 6 GHz, and (4) the ability to support huge numbers of users (some of which will be machines rather than human users) and applications. Some applications require high bandwidth and low latency; many machine-to-machine applications, by contrast, require only modest bandwidth, but imply the need to support huge numbers of devices.
The technical means of implementing this wide range of capabilities is still very much a work in progress.
This in turn implies a need for more cells, and thus greater cost. One study found that the cost (CAPEX) of coverage at 3500 MHz using presently available technologies (not 5G) was roughly 6.7 times as great as the cost of coverage at 700 MHz (see Figure 1).
Whether this is a problem depends on the use cases that the network operator is seeking to fulfil. Not every use case or business model requires nationwide coverage.
Indeed, if we are seeking capacity rather than coverage, the rapid attenuation at high frequencies can be a positive rather than a negative factor. It enables greater re-use of the same radio spectrum in the same frequency bands within a given geographic area. For areas where bandwidth demands are high (for instance, dense urban areas), a dense deployment of 5G small cells might be entirely appropriate.
Figure 1. Frequency, cell radius in Km, and the impact on cost (CAPEX).
Source: Simon Forge, Robert Horvitz and Colin Blackman (2014): Is Commercial Cellular Suitable for Mission Critical Broadband?
Not so long ago, many experts assumed that all 5G deployments would entail ultra-fast services at high frequencies – a view that ignores fundamental underlying economic realities. It would however be equally wrong-headed to assume that all deployments will take place in the desirable frequencies below 1 GHz.
The real opportunity that 5G offers is the ability to customise deployments to meet requirements. A deployment that needs extensive coverage might use a mix of widely dispersed sub-1 GHz deployments for rural areas, together with high density deployments of small cells at higher frequencies for dense urban areas. This kind of mixed or hybrid approach might be much more common under 5G than under current technologies.
Source: RSPG (2016), Strategic Roadmap towards 5G for Europe.
(3) that additional bands are required above 6 GHz.
Some argue that Network Virtual Functionalisation (NFV), implemented using Software Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow protocols, might be the key to providing the required dynamic configurability.
It is also possible that 5G will co-exist for an extended period of time with earlier technologies (LTE, 2G, and perhaps to a lesser extent 3G), not only to support legacy equipment, but also due to gaps in 5G capabilities. This would be analogous to the situation with LTE, where voice services are most often provided today using Circuit Switched Fall-Back (CSFB) (i.e. to 2G/3G) rather than using Voice over LTE (VoLTE).
Every previous mobile generation has offered the promise of being better, faster, and cheaper. In the early design phase, all things are possible. Sooner or later, however, hard rules of physics, of engineering, and of economics must be confronted. Even so, every generation has indeed been better, faster, and cheaper than the previous generation, but not to the degree that was initially hoped for.
In this sense, 5G is not altogether different from prior generations; however, the gap between hope and reality is even greater than usual, especially in the policy domain. Every possible policy measure is claimed to be necessary to the success of 5G (and we sometimes see this claimed for opposite policy positions). Since nobody can say with certainty today what 5G will be, nobody can refute these claims.
Successive generations of technology have purported to provide a single view of all networks, and to enable all network services to compete with all other network services. Claims along these lines have been advanced for ISDN, for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols, for ATM, and for the NGN IMS. Alas, none of these have brought us to the promised network nirvana.
The initial degree of corporate or government support for a technology or standard does not uniquely determine the degree to which it will ultimately be accepted by the marketplace. IP protocols initially had scant corporate or government support, while OSI protocols enjoyed seemingly universal acclaim … but who won? Few readers today will even remember what OSI protocols were.
What a technology is capable of does not uniquely determine how it will be used. The electronic communication value chain is comprised of many mutually competing firms … and that is a good thing! The actual deployments will be determined by business needs – technology is an enabler, but it alone is not dispositive.
Dystopian forecasts likewise need to be taken with a grain of salt. Claims that it might not be possible to support more than one 5G deployment in a European Member State assume that a huge number of cells would be required. With a hybrid design, however, this might not be the case, especially when one takes into account the possibility to share base station locations, antennas, and perhaps back-haul facilities among competitors.
Possible inability of the technology to converge to a single, interoperable standard.
Delays in assignment or re-farming of the required spectrum resources (for instance in the 700 MHz or 3400-3800 MHz bands.
Challenges in deploying base stations and in obtaining fibre-based backhaul to them, especially where large numbers are needed in dense areas. This may be less of an issue for deployments in the 700 MHz, where existing locations designed with 800 MHz in mind are widespread. This risk is compounded by delays in transposition and implementation of the Cost Reduction Directive, where infringement actions are pending against most of the Member States.
Claims regarding 5G today are surely over-blown; nonetheless, we should expect significant benefits.


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Ethics Commission withdraws McCalla opinion after charities line-up
Last updated on December 12, 2016, at 08:03 am
By Bill Britt
In a unanimous vote on September 1, 2016, the Alabama Ethics Commission issued advisory opinion 2016-24, which it believed clarified the question regarding public officials soliciting lobbyists and principals for contributions to a charitable organization, operating as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit.
The issue was raised by the nonprofit group, Friends of McCalla.
After approving the opinion in a 5-0 vote, the Commission gave a 30-day window for public comment; however, it was extended past the 30 days to December 7.
In the interim, several well-known charities became concerned about the definition of a principal in the Commission's opinion, On Wednesday, a number of of 501(c)3 directors were on hand to add their comments to the public hearing. Also present were some of the State's most successful trial lawyers. Of the many attorneys present, several participated directly in the case of former Speaker Mike Hubbard, who was convicted on 12 felony counts of public corruption, including receiving a thing of value from a principal.
Retired Judge and former Senator Jerry Fielding, as Chair of the Commission, presided over the hearing and fast-paced the comments given by various charities and attorneys. Even the State Bar Association weighed in on the issue through its in-coming president, August Dowd.
Since Hubbard's conviction, there has been considerable concern over the definition of a principal. Many in the business community and recently among charitable organizations worry the meaning is too broad. In the Hubbard case, Judge Jacob Walker, III found as a matter of law that principals include directors and senior leadership of an organization.
Each speaker, including former Supreme Court Justice, Sue Belle Cobb, expressed how confusion over the law has harmed charitable giving. From the Association of Nonprofits, which represent 500 charities, to the YWCA, there was a stream of testimony on how corporate donors are concerned about making a donation that runs afoul of the ethics laws. Yet no one seemed to articulate how the opinion was specifically perilous.
In the McCalla opinion the commission found, "Public officials and employees and their families are permitted to solicit donations to Friends of McCalla from principals as long as the purpose for doing so is to benefit the public, and as long as funds raised will not provide any personal gain to the public official, public employee, their family or a business with which they are associated. If they are members of the Board, they may solicit on Friends of McCalla's behalf unless they are paid for Board service or derive any other personal gain from service."
SEE MCCALLA OPINION
Maynard Cooper Gale lawyer Ted Hosp, representing the Business Council of Alabama (BCA), said the current law is being used to punish something that looks bad but isn't necessarily illegal. Hosp suggested that only if there were a quid pro quo should there be legal ramifications and concluded the statute never intended to bar giving or receiving things of value unless it was meant to influence a desired outcome.
Attorney Max Pulliam with the Alabama Association of Nonprofits argued the statue the Commission's definition in McCalla contradicted the narrow one passed by the State Legislature.
The charities represented at the hearing spoke passionately about how charitable giving was suffering because lawmakers, corporate boards, and other high profile individuals were waiting for the Commission's ruling on McCalla.
After the last speaker for the Association had concluded, Judge Fielding asked attorney J. Mark White if he would like to comment. White, who seemed to have no official role in the proceedings, declined in a moment of levity.
After the public comments had been heard, Commissioner Butch Ellis called to resend the McCalla opinion at which time Ethics Director Tom Albritton ask that it simply be suspended to allow for a framework for continued discussion. But his plea was ignored.
Fielding called for a second which was given by retired Judge Charles Price. It was put to the vote and Fielding, Ellis and Price chose to withdraw the McCalla Opinion. Commissioner Jerry Wood reminded Fielding that he had not called for "nays" which led to Woods and Stewart Tankersley casting their vote against withdrawing McCalla.
It was widely observed that Hubbard's attorneys, White and Dowd, were at the hearing as well as Joe Espy, who represented Jimmy Rane and Will Brooke during the Hubbard trial. Also present was Max Pulliam who represented billionaire Bobby Abrams in the Hubbard case. Hubbard was convicted of receiving a thing of value from Brooke and Abrams.
The Attorney General's office is working to further clarify and strengthen the ethics laws passed by the Republican supermajority.
In this article:Advisory Opinion, Alabama Political Reporter, Association of Nonprofits, Attorney General's Office, Attorney Max Pulliam, attorneys present, August Dowd, Bar Association, Bill Britt, billionaire Bobby Abrams, Business Council of Alabama (BCA), Butch Ellis, Chair of the Commission, charitable, Charles Price, contributions, convicted, corporate donors, ethics commission, Friends of McCalla, III, issued, J. Mark White, Jerry Wood, Jimmy Rane, Joe Espy, Judge Jacob Walker, legislature, Max Pulliam, Maynard Cooper & Gale, nonprofit, operating, organization, presided, principals, public officials, quid pro quo, republican supermajority, Senator Jerry Fielding, soliciting lobbyists, Speaker Mike Hubbard, state, Stewart Tankersley, Supreme Court Justice Sue Belle Cobb, Ted Hosp, Tom Albritton, trial lawyers, unanimous vote, weighed-in, Will Brooke, YWCA
Written By Bill Britt
Bill Britt is editor-in-chief at the Alabama Political Reporter and host of The Voice of Alabama Politics. You can email him at [email protected] or follow him on Twitter.
The special session on ARPA fund appropriation will begin Wednesday, with members to meet in a joint conference at 1 p.m.
John H. Glenn3 days ago
Governor calls special session to address appropriating ARPA funds
The Alabama Legislature will convene for this special session Wednesday, Jan. 19.
Bill Britt3 days ago
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This possible special session could be called as early as the first month of the regular legislative session, the source said, which is scheduled...
Opinion | Opinions that carried weight in 2021
Our state needs to improve this year. Get vaccinated, don't be a jerk, and by all means, let's try to make 2022 better.
Charlie WalkerJanuary 1, 2022

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UK manufacturing & government focus on R&D to bridge productivity gaps
07 August 2017 Consultancy.uk
The UK manufacturing sector is facing ups and downs – while confidence has grown, uncertainty from Brexit continues to affect investment. A new study shows that R&D opportunities are subsequently on the rise, as the UK looks to innovation to combat a potentially hostile post-Brexit trade environment, with new businesses models on the horizon and the government keen to offer tax relief for R&D.
Amid falling confidence in key manufacturing regions, the government and businesses are coming under increasing pressure to invest heavily in R&D, with the hope that innovation can help bridge productivity gaps to grow the industry, in what is thought to most likely be a hostile post-Brexit scenario. A new report from consultancy RSM has found that many manufacturers exhibit uncertainty, largely as the result of Brexit negotiations. The dented mandate of the current government following June's election, mixed with risks from a potentially hard-ball playing EU, mean that the sector could be separated from a key market soon, impacting the long-term resilience of margins, cash flow and supply chains in manufacturing.
As it stands, the report notes manufacturers' concerns around the effect of the negotiations on the strength of the pound, the price of energy and their abilities to recruit and retain skilled workers. However, even in light of uncertainties, manufacturers appear relatively upbeat about the coming 12 months – 90% say that they expect revenue growth. Around half of respondents (54%) expect that growth to be between 1-10%, 18% expect growth to be between 11-20%, while a further 18% are projecting revenue growth in excess of 20%.
Investment, even in light of the uncertainties, remains a strategic priority for respondents – finds the survey. According to the study, around a quarter of the respondents are planning a transaction, in capital equipment or skills, in the coming year, while 77% of respondents say that they will be expanding overseas in the next year – with Western Europe and the US key destinations. In general the respondents say that key funding is available if required.
Commenting on the expansion plans, the authors stated, "While change can create opportunity, it can also generate risks. Manufacturers must tread carefully. The key tenets of international expansion are now more important than ever. Firms must explore all expansion options. They must take time to understand local markets and foreign regulations and, critically, how they could change."
Innovation and the research and development that supports it, continues to be shown as a key driver for economic activity. The government offers various sectors and businesses the opportunity to innovate through R&D tax credits. The latest study, however, found that around 6,000 claims were made to the government initiative, for a total of around £770 million.
The consulting firm adds, however, that this implies that around 41% of manufacturers surveyed are not taking advantage of the opportunities, even while the government is set to increase R&D support. Companies, in many instances, may be missing out on credits due to believing they are ineligible, when in fact they are.
UK manufacturing continues to face issues around productivity – sometimes called the 'productivity puzzle' – which is inhibiting businesses from being competitive in an increasingly global competitive environment. Innovation, according to the paper, is one way to drive productivity gains, however, as the study highlights, 11% have formal innovation processes for the continuous improvement of processes, while 40% rely on use 'lean thinking' to improve working practices. A large number of respondents (52%) said that they are planning to update their business systems in the coming years, with 45% planning to do so over the coming 1 to 3 years.
RSM's analysts also considered the importance of new business models, in a period in which the global risks of excessive resource exploitation are becoming increasingly apparent. Circular economic models, which focus on higher quality, more durable and recyclable goods, offer new opportunities for businesses. One of the outcomes is servation, for which there is more focus on design, as well as additional services around repair and fitting and installation of products. Respondents appear relatively upbeat about the opportunities, with 65% of respondents expecting it to improve customer retention and 57% expecting it to increase product sales.
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Archive for October 3rd, 2020
» posted on Saturday, October 3rd, 2020 by Linda Lou Burton
#14. Pierce, Franklin
Linda Lou Burton posting from Little Rock, Arkansas –Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States, from 1853 to 1857. Franklin was handsome; just look at all his portraits and see for yourself. History books record him as a drunk; he died of cirrhosis of the liver. Historians rank him as one of the worst and least memorable of all presidents. And as for his wife, well, her story is grim. How deep do we need to go to find something positive to say about Franklin besides the fact that he was good-looking? Go way, way back. Franklin was "born in a log cabin in New Hampshire" and that happened in November, so the world he entered was COLD. His older brothers and his father were military men – Revolutionary War and War of 1812 uniforms and swords and guns all over the house. And his mother kept having babies that needed tending to. Franklin was a middle kid. And we know what middle kids do, don't we? They usually resort to tomfoolery to get a little attention. Maybe that explains some of the choices he made in later life. Would I invite this man to my party? I'm on the fence about that. I wouldn't want a drunk at my party, but geez, after the tragedy that happened to his family between election day and inauguration day, I would have taken a covered dish AND a bottle of whiskey over to his house. But I'm getting ahead of the story. What about that tomfoolery?
Benjamin Pierce made sure his sons were educated. When Franklin was twelve, he was sent to the town school some miles away. Franklin didn't like school, so one Sunday afternoon he just walked back home. His father fed him, put him in the carriage, and drove him part way back before kicking him out. In a thunderstorm! By the time Franklin entered Phillips Exeter Academy to prepare for college, his school reputation was well established. He was charming, but "prone to misbehavior."
And Then What Happened
College days brought some interesting friends; one was Nathaniel Hawthorne, who became a lifelong friend. Franklin was "last in his class" after two years; when he graduated in 1824 he'd moved up to fifth in a class of fourteen. Franklin had joined the Athenian Literary Society as a freshman; he organized an unofficial militia company during his junior year, the Bowdoin Cadets. Some tomfoolery there, like leading a strike against the school's president over an argument about where they could drill. He went on to study law, and was admitted to the New Hampshire bar in 1827 and began to practice; he lost his first case. He did well as a lawyer however, because – he was charming. He had a deep voice. He had a good memory for names and faces. And he got elected to a few things.
Served in New Hampshire Legislature, 1829-33
Unites States Senate, 1837-42
But we can't forget the military influence he grew up with. He wanted to fight in a war. He wanted to wear a uniform, like his brothers, and his father. He was a passionate advocate for volunteer militias and had experience mustering and drilling bodies of troops. When Congress declared war against Mexico in May 1846, he immediately volunteered. Before you could say Battle of Contreras, Franklin found himself at the port of Vera Cruz as a Brigadier General preparing a march of 2,500 men to take supplies to General Winfield Scott. Charm is only good for so much during a battle. Desire to be viewed as doing something great can push you on however. First day of battle, Franklin's horse tripped and fell into a crevice, pinning him underneath and injuring his knee. Because it appeared he had fainted, one of his men called for a replacement, calling him a "damned coward." Next day Franklin was back, hobbling behind his men with a lame knee. As the Battle of Churubusco approached, General Scott ordered Franklin to convalesce. Franklin begged to be allowed to "lead my brigade," so entered the fight tied to his saddle, and passed out on the field. The Americans won and Franklin wound up getting to negotiate the armistice. The Battle of Mexico City again found Franklin ill; diarrhea kept him in the sick tent. Nevertheless, he remained in command during the three-month occupation of the city and came home to a hero's welcome. He resigned from the Army in December 1847 as a popular guy. But Jane wasn't happy.
Jane Means Appleton (1806-1863) was petite, frail, and shy, the third of six children born to Elizabeth and the Reverend Jesse Appleton. After her father died, Jane was sent to live with her wealthy grandparents in Amherst, New Hampshire. She was prone to deep depression; and it isn't known how she met Franklin. What is known is that they married November 19, 1834 – he was 30, she was 28 – and that her grandparents opposed the union due to Franklin's political ambitions. Jane didn't like the political life either; she hated living in Washington. She blamed politics for all the troubles in her life.
Franklin and Jane had three sons. Their first, Franklin Jr, died three days after his birth in 1836, while Franklin was a member of the US House of Representatives. Their second, Franklin Robert, was born in 1839 and their third son Benjamin in 1841, when Franklin was a US Senator. Jane was so unhappy in Washington she encouraged Franklin to resign his Senate seat and return to New Hampshire, which he did in 1842. Little Franklin Robert died the next year in New Hampshire at age four, from epidemic typhus.
Was it patriotism, or a need to just shoot something – anything – that sent Franklin off to fight in the Mexican-American War in 1846? Back home as a hero in 1847, his political callings were stirred again. Next thing you know, Franklin Pierce was on the ticket for the 1852 election, opposing General Winfield Scott. Jane fainted when she heard the news.
Bring Out The Tissues
Little Benjamin, Benny as he was called and 11 years old at the time, knew exactly how his mother felt about Washington DC. He wrote a letter to her after Franklin's nomination saying, "I hope he won't be elected for I should not like to be at Washington and I know you would not either."
Jane prayed Franklin would lose the election, but he pushed the idea that being a president's son would be an asset to Benny in the future. When the Pierce/King ticket tallied up 254 electoral votes to Scott's 42, Jane reluctantly made plans to move.
In January 1853 the Pierce family took a train trip to Boston to attend a family friend's funeral. During their return, a coupler failed and threw several cars down a snowy embankment. Little Benny's head was crushed and partly severed right before his parent's eyes. He was the only fatality in the accident.
Franklin and Jane suffered severe depression afterward. When Franklin departed New Hampshire for his inauguration, Jane remained behind. Franklin affirmed his oath of office on a law book rather than a Bible that March 4, and delivered his inaugural address from memory. Regarding his personal tragedy, he said to the crowd, "You have summoned me in my weakness, you must sustain me by your strength."
Jane wondered if the train accident was divine punishment for her husband's pursuit and acceptance of high office. She wrote a lengthy letter of apology to Benny for her failings as a mother. She avoided social functions for her first two years as First Lady, making her public debut in that role to great sympathy at the annual public reception held at the White House on New Year's Day, 1855.
Franklin was not nominated for a second term and left office on March 4, 1857.
After Washington
Seeking warmer weather, the Pierces spent the next three years traveling, beginning with a stay in Madeira and followed by tours of Europe and the Bahamas. Jane died of tuberculosis in December 1863; she was buried at Old North Cemetery in Concord, New Hampshire. Franklin was further grieved by the death of his close friend Nathaniel Hawthorne in May 1864; he was with Hawthorne when the author died unexpectedly. Hawthorne had controversially dedicated his final book to Franklin. Some Democrats tried again to put Franklin's name up for consideration as the 1864 presidential election unfolded, but he kept his distance; Lincoln easily won a second term.
Though Franklin's drinking impaired his health, he grew increasingly spiritual. He used his influence to improve the treatment of Jefferson Davis, by then a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Virginia. He offered financial help to Hawthorne's son Julian, as well as to his own nephews. On the second anniversary of Jane's death, he was baptized into her Episcopal faith at St. Paul's Church in Concord. He took up the life of a farmer, farming the land himself and drinking less. In mid-1869, suffering from severe cirrhosis of the liver, he hired a caretaker. No family members were present when he died October 28, at the age of 64.
Maybe he was forgettable as a president. I suspect it was a time he didn't want to remember either.


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Control Over the Internet No Longer Belongs to the U.S. Government
Saturday, October 1, marked a historic day for the internet. The U.S. government finally handed over control of the world wide web's "phonebook" to the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) after almost 20 years of transition. The ICANN, a nonprofit organization composed of stakeholders from government organizations, members of private companies, and internet users from all over the world, now has direct control over the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), the body that manages the web's domain name system (DNS).
Prior to the handover, ICANN already managed IANA, but the U.S. Department of Commerce, through the U.S. National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), had ultimate authority over any decisions that ICANN made. This meant that the U.S. government could overrule any resolution made by the latter.
In a press release, ICANN Board Chair Stephen D. Crocker said, "This transition was envisioned 18 years ago, yet it was the tireless work of the global Internet community, which drafted the final proposal, that made this a reality. This community validated the multistakeholder model of Internet governance. It has shown that a governance model defined by the inclusion of all voices, including business, academics, technical experts, civil society, governments and many others is the best way to assure that the internet of tomorrow remains as free, open and accessible as the internet of today."
IT BELONGS TO EVERYONE
The move has heavy political implications since the internet's registry system is no longer under U.S. government control. Because the web has become a critical structure for governments worldwide, many countries, each with vested interests, feel that other nations could attempt to influence how it develops. That is why the termination of the U.S. government's direct involvement with the IANA puts everyone at ease.
Nothing will change for the average internet user, as things will still be run as they were, except that users can influence how cyberspace develops from now on (as opposed to their often out-of-touch government representatives).
http://futurism.com/control-over-the-internet-no-longer-belongs-to-the-u...
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You are here » The Obscure Cities » Dictionary » Gunzig, Thomas
Gunzig, Thomas
Photo by: Pierre-Yves Jortay
Thomas Gunzig (Brussels , September 7, 1970) is a Belgian French-language writer 1).
Gunzigs childhood was heavily marked by his dyslexia . After difficult school years, he still achieved a degree in political science. In 1993 he made his debut as a writer with "Situation instable penchant vers le mois d'août", and meanwhile he has written twenty books. He is also a professor of literature, he writes plays, columns for radio, television and newspapers, and even songs 2).
In 2001 he became the laureate of the Prix Victor-Rossel with his debut novel "Mort d'un parfait bilingue". In 2013 and 2014 he wrote with Jaco Van Dormael the script for his film "Le Tout Nouveau Testament" 3).
From 2016 until 2019 Thomas Gunzig worked on a tribute album of Blake and Mortimer called Le Dernier Pharaon together with François Schuiten, Jaco Van Dormael and Laurent Durieux.
000.090 - Persons, 800.030 - Writers
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See: Thomas_Gunzig


In this article, the experts of Mathematics bring to you the most appropriate solution of Rajasthan Board class 12 Mathematics Question Paper 2018. Download the complete solution in PDF format.
Solving previous years' question papers is very important for students to get familiar with the pattern and difficulty level of the board exams. Instead of solving question papers orally, students should solve each problem on a notebook or paper because sometimes on seeing a question we feel that we will be able to do it but while writing during the exam we get struck in between the solution.
In this article, students preparing for upcoming board exams will get Rajasthan Board Class 12 Mathematics Solved Question Paper 2018. There are 30 questions with internal choices in 5 questions. The questions were divided into four sections i.e., A, B and C. There is a very less possibility of getting any error in this solved question paper as it is done by experienced Subject Experts of Mathematics.
How to refer this solved question paper?
Students must solve the question paper after setting real board exams like conditions. Thereafter, refer the Mathematics Solved Question Paper 2018 to find out where you were wrong. Students must revise the whole concept, if they stuck at the initial steps while solving the question paper.
Find the area of the region bounded by the parabolas y2 = 4y and x2 = 4y.
Bag A contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag B contains 4 red and 5 black balls. One ball transferred from bag A to bag B and then a ball is drawn from bag B. The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.
Two cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability distribution and mean of the number of aces.
X = number of aces obtained in 2 draws.


text:
La centrale de la Trenche est une centrale hydroélectrique située sur la Saint-Maurice et le territoire de La Tuque, en Haute-Mauricie, dans la région administrative de la Mauricie, au Québec, Canada. Sa construction a été terminée en 1950 où il a été mis en service aussitôt. Elle est la sixième centrale à barrer le bassin de la rivière Saint-Maurice depuis l'embouchure de cette dernière. Avec ses , elle est la plus puissante. Hydro-Québec a acquis la centrale de la Trenche de la Shawinigan Water and Power Company.

Ce barrage-poids en béton a une hauteur de  et une longueur de . Sa capacité de retenue est de 6 millions de mètres cubes d'eau à l'exutoire du lac Tourouvre. Ce lac formé par un élargissement de la rivière Saint-Maurice, à cause du barrage, reçoit les eaux de la rivière Trenche.

Toponymie

Ce barrage tire son nom de la rivière Trenche.

Le toponyme « Barrage de la Tranche » a été inscrit officiellement le  à la Banque des noms de lieux de la Commission de toponymie du Québec.

Images

Notes et références

Voir aussi

 Lac Tourouvre
 Rivière Trenche
 La Tuque
 Mauricie
 Rivière Saint-Maurice
Hydroélectricité au Canada
Hydro-Québec

Liens externes
 Centrale de la Trenche
 Barrage de la Trenche

La Tuque
Barrage au Québec
Centrale hydroélectrique d'Hydro-Québec
Barrage poids
Bâtiment en Mauricie
Architecture du XXe siècle au Québec
Édifice construit en 1950
Rivière Saint-Maurice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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