Please refer to the package description on Hackage for more information.
The core library was fleshed out, debugged, and tested by Bryan O'Sullivan bos@serpentine.com, and he is the current maintainer.
Spec compliance: toCaseFold now follows the Unicode 9.0 spec (updated from 8.0).
Bug fix: the lazy takeWhileEnd function violated the lazy text invariant (gh-184).
Bug fix: Fixed usage of size hints causing incorrect behavior (gh-197).
Reduce memory overhead in encodeUTF8 (gh-194).
Improve UTF-8 decoder error-recovery (gh-182).
Minor documentation improvements (@since annotations, more examples, clarifications).
The toTitle function now correctly handles letters that immediately follow punctuation. Before, "there's" would turn into "There'S". Now, it becomes "There's".
The implementation of unstreaming is faster, resulting in operations such as map and intersperse speeding up by up to 30%, with smaller code generated.
The optimised length comparison function is now more likely to be used after some rewrite rule tweaking.
Bug fix: an off-by-one bug in takeEnd is fixed.
Bug fix: a logic error in takeWord16 is fixed.
The switch to integer-pure in 1.2.2.0 was apparently mistaken. The build flag has been renamed accordingly. Your army of diligent maintainers apologizes for the churn.
The integer-simple package, upon which this package optionally depended, has been replaced with integer-pure. The build flag has been renamed accordingly.
Bug fix: For the Binary instance, If UTF-8 decoding fails during a get, the error is propagated via fail instead of an uncatchable crash.
Bug fix: As it turns out, moving the literal rewrite rules to simplifier phase 2 does not prevent competition with the unpack rule, which is also active in this phase. Unfortunately this was hidden due to a silly test environment mistake. Moving literal rules back to phase 1 finally fixes GHC Trac #10528 correctly.
Bug fix: Run literal rewrite rules in simplifier phase 2. The behavior of the simplifier changed in GHC 7.10.2, causing these rules to fail to fire, leading to poor code generation and long compilation times. See GHC Trac #10528.
Expose unpackCString#, which you should never use.
encodeUtf8: Performance is improved by up to 4x.
encodeUtf8Builder, encodeUtf8BuilderEscaped: new functions, available only if bytestring >= 0.10.4.0 is installed, that allow very fast and flexible encoding of a Text value to a bytestring Builder.
All of the internal module hierarchy is now publicly exposed. If a module is in the .Internal hierarchy, or is documented as internal, use at your own risk - there are no API stability guarantees for internal modules!


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If you've read passed blogs you'll know I often use two tools alongside one another at the same time meaning saws, planes scrapers and such. Using two planes alternately and then two or three card scrapers and even two #80 scrapers in quick succession one after the other leads to economy of time and effort, mainly because you can have them all set differently, even slightly so heavy cuts with one and lighter with another mans minimal resets and of course two planes give at least twice the use time. Anyway, I find it's the most economical time wise and of course with card scrapers it gives them time to cool rather than burning your thumbs when you have large areas to finesse. With the planes it's a question of keeping one for the very final strokes set fine and kept pristinely sharp. The planes may be both number 4s or a combo of 3 and 4 or 4 and 5, my call, and planes chosen according to wood type, size of surface and so on. With one plane finely set, the smoother, the second is more coarsely set and may well be sharpened to a lower level of sharpness, perhaps only 250 grit. Try it. You'll be surprised how well it cuts. This I call 'step refining'. Switching in steps and stages means I sharpen two or more tools at the same break and get back to task for longer periods of refining work.
The day before yesterday I picked up a few secondhand tools from a local charity shop that seemed very charitable. I bought ten pieces for £4.50 and that included the wooden spokeshave I sharpened and used throughout the current project. Here's the thing. This spokeshave is made from beech, the single most commonly used wood for planes and spokeshaves. It's a resilient wood, strong and durable, easy to work and shape with other hand tools. This one was made by James Howarth of tool making fame in the former Sheffield of old. I could never guess at how many they made but it such a very good plane type. Of course you may want to make your own and we did make an adjustable type last year so you could make one yourself by going here. The thing I looked for was wear on the wood just before the blade where it meets the wooden forepart. Then I look at the blade itself to see if it has been abused by some previous user ramming it into unsuited material containing grit or even nails. There was very little wear to this either. Two obvious worm holes in the wood that's all. It took me few minutes to sharpen up. Oh, the other thing to look for is the tightness of the tangs in the square and tapered tang holes. It was nice and tight with no signs of rusting between the wood and the tangs. Rust usually indicates fusion twixt the two elements and when tapping the tangs to loosen the blade, breakage often occurs in the wood or even sometimes the steel across the blade. Loading the blade and peeling off the first shavings was magic. There is no other sensation like a wooden spokeshave where the blade is the sole of the plane and all seems so frictionless, light and effortless.
In truth I am often asked whether these 'vintage spokeshaves' are worth having. In my view they of course are. There is nothing like them. For spindles they cut both green and dry wood like a hot knife through butter. But in my view there is still something to the basic #151 running right alongside the wooden versions. Sometimes I follow the wooden ones because there are times when a wooden one can leave something reminiscent of a washboard surface. This skip-jumping is often erroneously named chatter but of course it's not chatter at all. On my current project there can be no doubt that the wooden one hogs of wood to a chamfer 1/4 wide in just three or four strokes. By using the bevel down #151 spokeshave I can refine the surface to perfection in two extra shallow strokes. From there I am ready to sand and apply finish with only hand sanding alone at 250.
I often see these wooden spokeshaves going for very little and have wondered about their utility. Good to know they are as useful as most vintage tools and I will hopefully rescue some in future. Thank you as ever for your wisdom.
Hi Paul….excuse me but when I read your blogs, after I have been struggling to understand ways with tools and how they should be used it's as though you are next to me, having watched my faults, correcting and advising me.
I am currently sorting my lovely old collection of (wooden) tongue and groove planes into correct size sets…….using these to joint two boards, making a 300mm……then using a vintage edge bead plane on one.
All good stuff…..thank you again for all you have taught me.
When I bought my first spokeshave and took my time to dial it in and sharpen the blade I was instantly in love with this tool and it's very easy to get carried away with the whips of shavings or slightly thicker. Two years later I now have five. This all occurred after watching Paul showing how useful these spokeshaves are in a woodworkers tool box.


text:
La ciudad de los libros soñadores es una novela escrita por Walter Moers. La novela es actualmente la cuarta en la serie de libros Zamonianos. El libro está dividido en dos partes, narrado en primera persona.

Argumento

Primera parte: El legado de Danzarote

La novela cuenta las aventuras de Hildegunst von Mythenmetz, un dragón proveniente de La Fortaleza de los Dragones. Después de la muerte de su padrino literario, Danzarote Tornasílabas (que por tradición todo dragón debía tener para ser educado en la literatura Zamónica), éste confiesa a Mythenmetz que hace tiempo recibió un manuscrito que podía denominarse como perfecto. Revela que a causa de ello se dedicó a escribir acerca de la coliflor, encontrándose a sí mismo incompetente ante tal escritor. Danzarote, antes de morir, le dice que insensatamente lo mandó a Bibliópolis, la ciudad de los libros soñadores.
Mythenmetz encuentra el manuscrito mientras acomoda y sacude los libros que su padrino le había dejado.
Después de leer el manuscrito, Mythenmetz decide ir en busca de tan talentoso escritor en Bibliópolis. Intentando encontrarlo, Mythenmetz muestra el manuscrito a Hachmed Ben Mirón e Inazea Anazazi, dueños de librerías especializadas. Ambos terminan echándolo de sus tiendas y le instan a no volver nunca.
En uno de sus tantos días en la ciudad, mientras tomaba café y leía una autobiografía de Colophonius Rayo de lluvia, conoce a Claudio Arco de Arpa, un agente literario que le recomienda visitar a Phistomefel Smeik. Myhtenmetz decide visitar a Smeik, quien revisa el manuscrito y promete ayudar al dragón a encontrar el escritor. Mientras tanto, Mythenmetz es invitado a un concierto de Trompebones, en el cual es inducido a un estado hipnótico y termina comprando libros del triple círculo sin criterio.
Al día siguiente, Mythenmetz visita de nuevo a Smeik, quien proclama haber encontrado al escritor. Smeik lo lleva a través de su casa, por pasillos que llevaban finalmente a una biblioteca antigua, herencia de su familia.
Mythenmetz es engañado por Sheik y envenenado a su vez con un libro que lo induce a un largo sueño. Cuando despierta se encuentra en un lugar desconocido, y Smeik le explica que sabe demasiado como para dejarlo vivir. El villano revela que odia las artes y que le parecen una pérdida de tiempo. Dentro de sus planes malévolos está el absolutismo de los trompebones y la erradicación de las artes.

Segunda parte: Las Catacumbas de Bibliópolis

Cuando Mythenmetz despierta descubre que Smeik le ha dejado el manuscrito y que pretende dejarlo morir en las catacumbas de Bibliópolis.
A causa de descuidos, Mythenmetz se adentra más en las profundidades de las catacumbas, encontrándose con los terribles librillos (criaturas que gozan leer) y viviendo con ellos durante varios meses. Los librillos son cíclopes de pequeño tamaño que acostumbraban adoptar la personalidad de escritores famosos, leyendo todos sus libros y aprendiéndolos por completo.
Repentinamente el cuartel de los librillos es atacado y destruido por los cazadores de libros, quienes encuentran al dragón y advierten que Smeik ha ofrecido una recompensa para quien lo mate.
Mythenmetz es salvado por Ojahn Golgo van Fontheweg, quien lo dirige a un sistema de rieles subterráneo hecho por los gnomos oxidados mucho tiempo atrás.
Mythenmetz es encontrado a continuación por el Rey de las Sombras, un monstruo temido dentro de las catacumbas que, según Rayo de Lluvia, era amistoso. Mythenmetz encuentra un rastro de papeles con escritura desconocida que lo llevan hasta el Palacio de la Sombras. Una vez allí, Homunkoloso, el Rey de las Sombras, cuenta su historia: era un humano, dueño del magnífico escrito que Mythenmetz llevaba en su bolsillo. Un día envió una carta a Danzarote, pidiendo consejo sobre qué hacer con su manuscrito, y éste lo dirigió a Bibliópolis. Homunkoloso conoció a Arco de Arpa, y éste lo llevó con Smeik, quien aplicó la misma treta del libro envenenado. Smeik no se limitó a matarlo, sino que experimentó con él y lo convirtió en un monstruo, cercenando las partes de su cuerpo y dándole un cuerpo de papel que podía incendiarse con la luz del sol y la luna. Cuando Homunkoloso pide una explicación, Smeik responde que su escritura es de calidad, y que él necesita que la gente lea basura y literatura que sea voluptuosa pero que no diga nada a su vez.

Días después Homunkoloso enseña a Mythenmetz como alcanzar el Orm, que es la máxima inspiración.
El dragón, ansioso por regresar a la superficie, ofrece a Homunkoloso subir con él y vivir en el hábitat artificial que Rayo de Lluvia había creado para estudiarlo. Al principio Homunkoloso se enfurece, pero luego acepta, con el motivo personal de querer asesinar a Smeik.
Ambos llegan a la superficie, encontrándose con Anazazi y Mirón. Ambos confiesan haber sido cómplices de Smeik, y que gracias a que Mythenmetz les mostró el manuscrito fueron salvados de un trance hipnótico inducido por Smeik. Entre los dos, cuentan que Smeik asesinó a su tío poco después de descubrir la biblioteca secreta de los Smeik, que utilizó sus conocimientos e hipnotizó a todo librero con los conciertos de trompebones gratuitos. Fue así como Smeik se hizo dueño de Bibliópolis.
Intentando repara el mal que hicieron, Mirón elimina el laberinto que protegía a Smeik. Una vez en la biblioteca de Smeik, Mythenmetz y Homunkolso son atacados por cazadores de libros, los cuales son asesinados gracias a los librillos, quienes usaron sus poderes hipnóticos para hacer que se destruyeran unos a otros.
Al llegar con Smeik, Homunkolos degolló a Arco de Arpa en su intento de quemarlo; después, voluntariamente, Homunkoloso abrió las cortinas y dejó que lo toque la luz del sol, incendiándolo por completo. Homunkoloso caza a Smeik y, junto con su casa, ambos desaparecen entre las llamas.
Mythenmetz, aunque cautivado, reaccionó y salvo uno de los libros valiosos que Smeik guardaba en su casa: El libro sangriento. Después huye de Bibliópolis.

Libros de 2006
Literatura de Alemania del siglo XXI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I'm learning quite a bit about intimacy in this stage and season of my life.
There is such beauty to be had in a kiss, in an embrace, in a cuddle--and yet, I haven't partaken in these acts in over a decade.
But more so than the physicality of things and moments, my heart and my body are yearning to be known, and to share those victories and defeats with a witness and a companion.
The reality of these last two months have shown me that I am not only a survivor, but I can learn to thrive in the midst of tension and impossibilities.
The verdict is in. In all actuality I was indeed stood up last month. I learned that our mystery guy had been in town once again, but failed to reach out to me. And this time it didn't appear to be an accident.
Thus, I've not heard a word from the man that offered with such calm kindness and expectancy, to take me out--to meet my heart half way and to explore my journey alongside his.
Instead, he's chosen to be purposefully silent.
And once again I had space to weep.
Oddly enough, the week he and I were suppose to meet, I had a mentor of mine pray with me. She knew nothing of my tentative date plans, but all of a sudden, she started praying for my love life, my future boo, my husband-to-be. And she went to town.
But her prayer started to take on a different direction. She prayed against anything that would hinder God's true love story in my life.
At the time, I thought she may have been specifically praying about me and Mystery Man--about the hindrances that we were encountering trying to lock down our date plans, but it turns out, she may have been praying protection against Mystery Man and I getting together in the first place.
Perhaps space needed to be made.
I was ready to bare my soul. To be intimate in the ways that don't involve the shedding of clothes, but rather the connecting of souls, of minds, of hearts---and of callings.
But then I was halted.
I was forced to make space.
These questions are the deep ones. The ones we don't always like revisiting. Because, you see, we have to sit with the Truth.
And often Truth tells us those things we are afraid of--or those things we've been trying not to hear for years and years.
But space had been given to me, and I had to face the Truth.
I came across someone online months ago that invigorated and gave life to the Truth in me. It wasn't his mere physicality that drew me in, but it was his heart. To hear someone talk about Truth, love, legacy, and the fight, in the same language that I have all these years, scared the crap out of me.
He was a blatant reminder of what my heart knows it was made for.
Now before you get giggly or try to do a search on my Instagram or my blog for this person. Let me help you out.
He was and is the reminder.
Beyond that....merely an acquaintance. Not yet even a friend. And that's okay.
He is free from trying to be captured by my manipulative tendencies, my needing-to-be-stroked ego. My dormant yet eruptive insecurities.
He is free to walk into his own love story. He is free to choose.
And how lovely it is to choose.
How powerful it is to choose. Even when you don't know the full outcome.
And yes, I am a champion for his love story.
Even and especially if it by no way involves me.
But if for some strange reason, he is actually reading this, and I have a feeling he is.
I see your heart and it is beautiful.
I see your hidden pain and the past struggle. And it is beautiful.
The hope that your heart carried when you were a young boy regarding love, marriage, and family has not been in vain.
And regardless of how your journey has gone or not gone, it has been beautiful.
You deserve both hands holding your face ever so gently. A safe haven for your tears.
Because you have cried and you've wanted to cry some more. And that too has been beautiful.
It is in your vulnerability that your strength truly lies.
It is not your strength that I'm after, but your subtleties that I admire and want to honor.
Thank you for being the reminder. And the exception.
Because in this journey and in this fight, we all must be reminded what we are truly fighting for.
It has been your brave heart, your integrity, and your pursuit of God's heart through it all, that has stood as Truth to me and my heart.
Video: Ella Eyre - "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
And as I walk once again into the direction of the unknown towards my own Field of Dreams, I am learning the ways of intimacy, especially as it pertains to how my heart was made and what God has truly made it for.
Take time to listen to your heart today--and the risks it wants to take and the dreams it dreams up.
Let's be brave. More brave than we've ever been. Especially in the realm of love and life callings.
You have not been completely defeated. No--not yet.
Some of you are just starting a brand new relationship. Others are still waiting in the wings.
But regardless of your current status, you were made to know and be known. Just as you are.
You were made for real and true intimacy, and that's not taboo and that's not a crime.
In fact, true intimacy is meant to be the place where our life and love flourishes in and through us--Spurring us on--fueling energy into every part of our ever expanding lives.
Even more so, this type of intimacy is not for a far off time in your life, like during a mid-life crisis or your deathbed. But alas, you can experience this intimacy even now, right where you stand.
That's what I've done—kept my Father's commands and made myself at home in his love."


Its sad that 2048tty got no attentions when its easily by far the best implementation I have ever played. Just one star and nothing else except 5 author self-opened issues.
You use hjkl to play.
As you can the animations above, not only the tiles get the sliding motion which Ive seen before in at2048 but also the scoring, the just-earned points floating up. High score and progress is saved, so you can quit at anytime and continue playing later.
Even its graphics is designed, not just simply put a box around a number, but an oval-shaped tile. Not like there is anything wrong about rectangular box, but you can see who puts more thought on the graphics designs.
2048tty was created by Samuel Phillips on 2014-12-27, written in Python 3 with ncurses under the GPLv3, currently git-ed56d8e (2015-01-31, post v1.0 (2015-04-30)0.
text2048 is a clone of that popular game 2048, which will be two years next March.
After this long time, 2048 is still sliding strong, a lot of people is still cloning it, making their own versions, even more A.I. popping up every a while with new ideas and algorithms.
It was even played in 18th Computer Olympiad (2015) for the first time.
As of this clone, the only thing differs it from others is the cells, the red color on the either edge of the cells of 2 2n+1.
text2048 was created by Christian Fiedler on 2015-08-09, written in C99 with ncurses under the MIT License, currently git-7b6cf12 (2015-11-11).


text:
Can employers force frontline carers to be vaccinated?
BLM	Health and social care, Nursing and care homes	 February 26, 2021 6 Minutes
In the last few weeks we have seen a number of well known care providers introducing new policies, whereby new staff will be required to have the COVID vaccine prior to starting work. Some care providers have gone as far as requiring current care staff to be vaccinated, unless they are unable to on medical grounds. Some care providers have seemingly made it clear that if staff members refuse, purely out of choice, then this will make them 'unavailable to work' within frontline care settings. It seems that this decision has been made, amid concerns over the uptake of the vaccine amongst care workers across the UK.
No doubt, these decisions have been made to ensure the protection of those being cared for, as well as for staff members. However, with more care providers deciding to take this step, the question is now whether this raises employment concerns, for discrimination and unfair dismissal, amongst other things.
An employer's duties to both employees and members of the public, or in this case care residents or service users, in relation to requiring employees to get vaccinated against COVID-19 falls under UK health and safety legislation. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 requires businesses to ensure a safe workplace environment and to take reasonable steps to reduce workplace risks. Employees also have a duty under the same Act to co-operate with their employer so that it can comply with its own obligations.
This means care providers and businesses generally; need to consider a requirement that staff are vaccinated as part of their 'COVID Secure' risk assessment. When assessing this, a reasonable balance needs to be struck depending on any close contact risk between staff and members of the public that an organisation poses, before any vaccination policy is produced, which may require employees to get vaccinated. Looking at the Care Sector, staff are highly likely to be having regular contact with elderly and/or vulnerable service users. Their patients are likely to be those who are deemed to be the most at risk within society and sadly those who suffered the highest number of deaths throughout this pandemic. With this in mind, arguably asking staff to ensure they are vaccinated is likely to amount to a reasonable management instruction. There can be no dispute that the rationale behind such a request would be to protect staff members and members of the public/service users and it is a compelling health and safety based requirement.
However, the difficulty arises in situations where care staff refuse to have the vaccine, for no medical reason, purely out of choice. If such refusal leads to a dismissal, the question is whether an unfair dismissal and/or discrimination can be claimed or whether the employer's duty to protect its service users and other staff, takes precedence.
Is this policy unfair?
In sectors such as care, where a policy or rule is in place that means staff (new and current) are required to accept the vaccine in order to work and continue their duties, it may be argued that a staff member's failure to follow a reasonable management instruction can amount to a substantively fair reason for dismissal, most likely 'for some other substantial reason' (SOSR) under the Employment Rights Act 1996. This essentially means where the circumstances are such that a reasonable employer was entitled to conclude that the employment could not continue. With that being said, the usual procedural steps that form part of a fair dismissal process must be followed, which include:
Giving the employee the opportunity to set out the reasons for their objection;
Properly considering those reasons; and
Giving careful consideration as to whether there are any alternatives to dismissal e.g. relocating an employee's workspace away from others/the frontline and working from home.
As ever, dismissal should be deemed the last resort and failure to follow fair procedures in dealing with employees reluctant or refusing to be vaccinated could amount to an unfair dismissal. Likewise, care providers ought to carefully consider how policies are delivered to staff. If employees feel pressurised or forced into having the vaccine, they may also seek to resign and claim constructive dismissal. It is important to note that in cases of a dismissal for health and safety reasons (the employee's own) there is no length of service requirement to bring a claim for unfair dismissal.
Is it discriminatory?
When care providers are dealing with employees who give reasons for why they are refusing the vaccine, they should be particularly mindful of the following categories of employees:
Those advised by their GP not to take the vaccine due to underlying health conditions, such as allergies;
Those who are pregnant or attempting to get pregnant, for whom the vaccine is not recommended;
Those who have objections to taking the vaccine due to religious or philosophical beliefs because of the vaccine components; and
Those for whom the vaccine is not available e.g. as at this present time, younger employees under the age of 50 for whom the vaccine may not be available for a number of months. (This may not be particularly relevant to those working in care whereby it is understood that everyone is offered the vaccine, regardless of age)
Depending on the nature of a staff member's objections, they may be protected from discrimination (both direct and indirect), together with harassment and victimisation under the Equality Act 2010 (the Act) based on disability, religious or philosophical belief or age respectively. Such protection is afforded to workers under the Act, not just employees, and may therefore extend to casual and agency workers. The Act also affords protection to job candidates.
When faced with such objections, in order to avoid unanticipated discrimination claims and liabilities, it's important that care providers follow proper procedures in addressing the objections and consider practical steps to deal with them, including offering alternative work arrangements once again.
Where does this leave us?
There is suggestion amongst the legal press currently that it may be easier for care businesses to require new starters to be vaccinated, in order to be provided with a role. It has also been suggested that employers should be slightly more cautious, when it comes to current staff members, with the Government and trades unions both seemingly critical of potential dismissals of those who refuse the vaccine.
However, in cases where an enforcement policy has been adopted and someone is dismissed (with correct procedures followed), it is likely a Tribunal would consider all the circumstances and decide if, in striking a balance between the interests of the employer and the interests of the employee, whether it was reasonable to impose such a rule. Sadly, the care sector has suffered far more deaths than any other. It is also difficult to gauge the impact of those in care who have contacted Covid and survived but been left with ongoing health issues. With this in mind, it is no wonder that care providers are choosing to introduce these policies in an attempt to mitigate infections and their severity .
Now there has been a wider rollout of the vaccine, its successes are becoming far more known and celebrated. There has been suggestion that the first dose of the vaccine offers more protection than what had been initially anticipated. More and more people in the general public have been offered this and chosen to take it, with side effects (if any) being extremely minimal. With more science based knowledge, it could be argued that any rationale to refuse the vaccine will reduce.
The fact that some large care providers have taken this decision and step to introduce such a policy indicates clearly that it is felt, that having a fully vaccinated work force is in their best interests. The question over whether such insistence is appropriate and should be allowed is something that the courts or tribunals have not yet dealt with. Likewise, whether employers or care providers would be justified in terminating the employment of staff who refuse without good reason is something yet to be decided upon.
Whilst those within the legal profession will no doubt have their own views and arguments both ways, as has often been the case with legal issues surrounding Covid, these issues and questions are new. For that reason, until this issue such has gone before the Courts or Tribunals, no one can provide a firm answer on whether a discrimination or unfair dismissal claim could be successful in cases where there has been a refusal to have the vaccine, despite a policy being in place enforcing this. Undoubtedly, claims will come to light in the coming months/years, which will no doubt clarify the law surrounding this.
Emily Pilsbury, Solicitor and Julian Cox, Head of Employment, BLM
emily.pilsbury@blmlaw.com and julian.cox@blmlaw.com
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Since 9th March 2009, this U.S. bull market is now the LONGEST on record, surpassing the length of the previous record run from October 1990 to March 2000 leading up to the NASDAQ bubble. S&P 500 has now skyrocketed 335% since the lowest of 666 and is still going strong.
US$ Index, which tracks the US$'s performance against a basket of foreign currencies, last traded at 94.93, up 20.3% from 78.91, where it traded on 15th September 2008. The currency is heavily influenced by monetary-policy shifts and rising rates tend to push the greenback up too.
The U.S. 10-year Treasury note yield closed at 2.99%, 10 years after it closed at 3.47% on 15th September 2008. A decade ago, the Fed slashed its overnight interest rate to almost zero during the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis. The central bank also began buying sovereign government bonds and mortgages, a practice called Quantitative Easing (QE) designed to help the financial system by flooding it with money.
Crude oil prices was declining from a high of US$147/barrel and closed at US$95.71 on 15th September 2008. It is down 28% over the past 10 years and have taken investors on a wild ride during that time. After trading in a range between US$80/barrel and US$110/barrel between 2011 and 2014, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) plummeted to around US$26 in February 2016. Crude has surged 165% since then but has failed to crack above US$80/barrel.
Gold prices are up 52.6% since 15th September 2008. Since hitting a high of US$1,923/ounce on 6th September 2011, gold prices have since fallen 37.5% to last settled at US$1,201.


Anscombe's quartet is a brilliant idea that shows the importance and convenience of visual representation of data.
Anscombe's quartet has four datasets. The values of each dataset are shown below.
These datasets seems to be quite different. But they are quite similar statistically speaking.
The averages of x and y are 9.0 and 7.5, respectively.
The variances of x and y are 3.162 and 1.937 respectively.
They even fit to the same linear line $y = 0.5 x + 3$ with the same least square loss.
However, we immediately spot the differences between them when we visualize them in a coordinate system.
What are the differences between the datasets?
There are probably a million different ways to tell them apart. A very simple calculation is the percentile. For example, the medians of the x data are (9.0, 9.0, 9.0, 8.0). The medians of the y data are (7.58, 8.14, 7.11, 7.04).
Here we simply plot the box plots. This tells us that some of the data is quite skewed.
There are many insights from this example. But the most important one is that we should plot out the data every time we are working on EDA. Even when visualization is not a choice at the moment, we usually calculate more statistical measures. For example, we calculate the mean and median together as centroids to get a feeling of how skewed the data is.


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Linthicum Heights United Methodist Church
Holly Run Church 1828-1911 When a small group of dissenters withdrew from the Patapsco Methodist Episcopal Church because of disagreements regarding lay representation, these Christians not only built a new church near Holly Run stream, but they also joined and helped found a new branch of Methodism -The Methodist Protestant Church. Following withdrawal from Patapsco M.E.C., a group of ladies, known as the Mite Society, met regularly at the home of Mrs. Hester Lucas. Worshipping with Mrs. Lucas were Mrs. Rezin Hammond, Mrs. Hezekiah Linthicum, Mrs. William Linthicum, Mrs. William Shipley, Mrs. Frank Thomas, and several others whose names are now unknown.
After three years of home meetings, both men and women became anxious to erect a church of their own. Thus, in 1828, a building made of recycled English brick was constructed on what is now the corner of Old Annapolis and Camp Meade Roads. Holly Run is thought to be the first new church built as a Methodist Protestant church. The three-quarter acre site, donated by Abner Linthicum, Jr., was deeded on November 30, 1831, to the origlnal Trustees, Basil L. Benson, Rezin Hammond, Richard Linthicum, William Shipley, John R. Thomas, and James R. Williams. Rev. William Bawden was the first pastor and served from 1829 until 1830. On December 10, 1831, the Associated Methodist Church of Holly Run in Anne Arundel County was Incorporated. The Brian, Benson, Hammond, Hawkins, Linthicum, Lucas Pumphrey, Shipley, Thomas, and Williams families were among the founders and early members of the Holly Run Church. Although many other families have been added to their number, descendants of these original families continue to be active members of the Linthicum Heights United Methodist Church.
The original Holly Run edifice measured twenty-seven feet in width and thirty-three feet in length. From this humble beginning, God worked through the members of this congregation in such a marvelous ways that Holly Run became the mother church of several Methodist churches, including those in Marley, Severn, Brooklyn, and Odenton, as well as Linthicum Heights.
During the pastorate of Rev, J. W. Gray in 1886, it was deemed necessary to construct an addition and redecorate the building. Mr. Sweetser Linthicum was chairman of this extensive project. The addition, which was approximately twenty-three feet long by twelve feet wide, included a basement and allowed ample room for a larger pulpit. The walls were exquisitely stenciled in a unique design created by an unknown German artist. Above the magnificent new stained leaded glass window the words "Holiness Becometh Thy House, O Lord" were inscribed. In the basement a stove was installed to heat coffee after the services so that the parishioners would be warmed before beginning their carriage rides home. The tradition of Coffee Hour continued a tradition established over one hundred years ago for many years in this congregation, though it is now called Discipleship and Donuts.
In 1891, Holly Run was recognized as an independent church and removed from the Anne Arundel Circuit. Even though Holly Run had flourished, by 1910, attendance and membership dwindled as the Linthicum Heights community was developing to the south of Holly Run's original location at the corner of what is now Camp Meade and Old Annapolis Roads. In order to meet the needs of the community, the seven remaining Holly Run members determined that a new church must be erected. On December 3, 1911, the cornerstone for the new church was laid on the corner of Maple and Camp Meade Roads.
Also in 1911, the last regular service was held in the Holly Run Church. Mrs. Wade Hampton Linthicum waited with Rev. J. B. Jones until it was evident that no other worshippers would be arriving. Rev. Jones announced, "Sister, I'll preach if you'll sing." Mrs. Linthicum played the organ and sang, and Rev. Jones preached an inspiring sermon. One chapter of our history had been written, but a new adventure in faith was beginning to unfold.
The "Stone Church" – 1911-1953 In reviewing the progress of our church from a small gathering of families at Holly Run Church to our present congregation of approximately one thousand members, the year 1911 is an important milestone. In that year the last regular worship service was conducted at Holly Run, the cornerstone for a new edifice was laid on the corner of Camp Meade and Maple Roads, and a new church, The Linthicum Heights Methodist Church, was recognized by the Maryland Conference.
The Port Deposit granite structure was constructed by Mr. Sweetser Linthicum, Jr., builder, in conjunction with Mr. Herbert G. Crisp, architect. The family of Mr. Sweetser Linthicum donated land for the project. The Linthicum Heights Company donated two lots on the corner of Camp Meade and Maple Roads. In addition to funds given by interested persons, $2000 was willed by Dr. Asa S. Linthicum for religious work in Anne Arundel County, and $500 was contributed by the Methodist Conference Church Extension Society.
The seven member building committee included Rev. John S. Bowers, Rev. George W. Haddaway, and Rev. Eugene C. Makosky, all of the Maryland Conference, as well as Rev. Arthur J. Torry, the minister of Nichols Memorial Church in Odenton, who assumed the additional responsibility of the Linthicum Heights pastorate. Mr. S.C. Pardee, Mr. Seth H. Linthicum, and Mr. William J. Grimm were the lay representatives.
On June 2,1912, Rev. Eugene C. Makosky, who was later to become pastor of this church, shared the principal address at the Service of Dedication. A regular worship service was held each week at 11:00 A.M., following Sunday School at 10:00 A.M.
When the granite building located at Maple and Camp Meade Roads was dedicated as the Linthicum Heights Methodist Protestant Church in 1912, the congregation was not yet large enough to warrant the appointment of a full time minister. Rev. Arthur J. Torry (1911-12), Rev. E.O. Ewing (1912-13) and Rev. Austin R. Middleton (1913-17) served our church as visiting ministers. In 1918, the Maryland Conference appointed Rev. E.H. Van Dyke as the first full time pastor or the Linthicum Heights congregation, which at that time included fifty-six members.
Although the church grew slowly at first, there were 125 members on the rolls by 1922. By 1929, the once spacious-granite edifice had become crowded. Modifications were made to the building. However, the growing congregation required more space, especially for its Sunday School. By 1950, Church School classes met in the Woman's Club. Mrs. Wade H. Linthicum and Mrs. Alice Armiger hosted classes in their homes. Two more classes were annexed in the parsonage. As the need for space became even more acute, the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad Station on Maple Road was utilized.
The Current Location – 1953-Present Although careful consideration was given to building an addition in order to alleviate the overcrowding, the congregation voted on March 9, 1950, to relocate. the church. Mr. Rollin Anderson, Mr. Earle Bauer, Mr. Henry Chiles, Mr. Luke Hill, and Mr. Raymond Shipley were designated to locate appropriate property. A Special Quarterly Conference, convened on December 20,1950, approved the committee's recommendation to purchase 4.7 acres on School Lane from Mr. and Mrs. Wengert at a cost of $25,000. Since the Wengerts and the Conference Board of Missions each contributed $5,000, the total cost to the congregation was $15,000. Ground was broken for the Marion Jamieson Memorial Building of the Linthicum Heights Methodist Church on March 15,1953.
God again had given the Linthicum Heights congregation a vision of growth within our community and the faith to embark upon this new adventure.
On July 5, 1953, the cornerstone was laid for the first section of the Linthicum Heights Methodist Church to be built at our present location. This construction Included the chapel (now Fellowship Hall) and west wing of our educational building. Known as the Marlon H. Jamieson Building of the Linthicum Heights Methodist Church, the building was named In honor of Mrs. Marion Jamieson who, since moving to Linthicum with her husband in 1926, was a dedicated and active member of our congregation and Sunday School Superintendent for many years.
Built by the Lawrence Construction Company at a cost of $157,843, the new building was ready for its first service on December 20, 1953. Rev. Norman L. Trott, D.D., Superintendent of the Baltimore South District, shared the morning message. While hanging a wreath over the chapel door the night before the service, Rev. Walter. H. Stone, pastor of Linthicum Heights from 1951-1962, fell and broke his ankle. Although Rev. Stone was unable to attend the first service, Mr. Raymond Shipley assisted Rev. Trott. Muslc for the service was provided by Mrs. Helen Haslup, organist, and Mrs. Harry Heins, choir director. In 1953, approximately 150 children, ranging from nursery age through elementary school age, were enrolled In our church school. On December 16, 1973, a service following the same Order of Worship commemorated the first service held in the Marion H. Jamieson Building.
In 1954, a colonial style home for the pastor was constructed by Mr. Raymond T. Neighoff, contractor, at a cost of $20,600. We now refer to this home as parsonage one.
Also In 1954, the Diocese of Maryland purchased our former parsonage and granite church building, located at the corner of Maple and Camp Meade Roads. The congregation of St. Christopher's Episcopal Church met in this building for many years. It is now the home to Holy Cross Antiochian Orthodox Church.
In December, 1957, the Marion H. Jamieson Building was dedicated free of debt. Less than one year later, on November 9, 1958, ground was broken on the east side of Jamieson Building for the second and third units. Included were a sanctuary to seat six hundred people, additional educational space (13 classrooms), and offices for the minister and church secretary. Also, at that time an addition to the kitchen was made. The sanctuary's 105-foot steeple contains the 15-bell Linthicum Carillon, the gift of the late Mr. J. Charles Linthicum, in memory of his wife.
The contract for $305,464 was awarded to The M. L. Robertson Sons Company. The Building Committee for this unit consisted of Mr. Ray C. Shipley, chairman, Mr. Rollin Anderson, Mrs. Charles Caskey, Mr. J. Franklin Diggs, Mr. Seth H. Linthicum, Mr. Leonard Sauerhammer, and Mrs. Kenneth Sheppard.
The cornerstone was laid on May 24,1959, with many former ministers and friends in attendance. The first service was held in the main sanctuary on April 24, 1960. The Reverend Merritt Dietterich, D.D., and The Reverend Robert Parker, D.D. were special guests. The Reverend William E. Keese, D.D., Minister of Grace Methodist Church, spoke in the evening. Approximately one thousand people attended services on that memorable day.
As the congregation continued to grow, a second parsonage was built on the property in 1961 to house an Associate Pastor.
Reclaiming Holly Run After the closing of Holly Run for regular services, pilgrimages were held each year usually in September under the auspices of the Linthicum Heights Methodist Protestant Church. In the 1920's there was a morning service at 11:00 A.M. and an afternoon service at 3:00 P.M. with recess and lunch from picnic baskets. These pilgrimages were abandoned during the war years, but were resumed in 1945 and continued for 6 years under Rev. Benson, and 2 years under Rev. Walter H. Stone. As time went by and old members died or moved away, pilgrimages were discontinued. The building was then deemed unsafe in 1953 and was boarded up. Vandalism however became so bad and constant that it became impossible to keep the premises secure, and restoration at the old site of the church was deemed impossible.
During the ministry of Rev. Walter H. Stone, it was decided to relocate Holly Run Church to the present grounds of the new Linthicum Heights Methodist Church on School Lane, if and when, this project became possible in order to preserve this old church as a shrine to Methodism.
In 1966, during the ministry of Rev. William C. Durrett, the dream to relocate and restore Holly Run Church became a reality. The site of the old church was sold. The money derived from the sale made it possible to accomplish this project. About this time, Rev. Durrett was called to another charge and Rev. Harold Bell Wright became minister.
In 1967, during Rev. Wright's ministry, the project of relocating and restoring Holly Run Church was completed. The old structure was dismantled brick by brick and was re-erected and restored at its new location on the church grounds. All of the old bricks and much of the timber, woodwork and hardware were used. The original pulpit, stove, altar rails and some of the old pews were found and installed. Much of the research and locating of these old furnishings was done by Mrs. Laura Shipley Roberts. Experts, as well as members and residents who formerly attended Holly Run Church, all agreed that it is an exact replica and indeed the same old Holly Run Church only at a new location. The committee for the restoration of Holly Run Church consisted of Rev. William C. Durrett, Rev. Harold B. Wright, Mr. Richard Shipley, Mr. Curtiss Garrett, Mr. Clarence Disney, Dr. C. D. Caskey, Mrs. Laura Shipley Roberts, Dr. Charles Milton Linthicum, Mr. Raymond C. Shipley, Mr. Seth H. Linthicum, Mr. Ellsworth E. Nowell, Mr. Leonard Sauerhammer, Mr. Kenneth Carr, Mr. Rollin M. Anderson, and Mr. Sweetser Linthicum, Chairman. Mr. Raymond C. Shipley was in charge of the actual dismantling and reconstruction during re-location and restoration. Unfortunately Mr. Ellsworth E. Nowell and Mr. Seth H. Linthicum departed this life before restoration was completed.
A copper plaque with an embossed picture of Holly Run and an inscription commemorating the spirit and memory of those who built the church now marks the spot where the church once stood. A special service was held on September 30, 1967 to install the plaque on a gas station which now stands on the original location. The opening prayer was given by Rev. Joseph Clark, Pastor of St. Christophers Episcopal Church. Mrs. John G. Chappel, past governor of the national organization of the Sons & Daughters of the Pilgrims, read the dedication address. The benediction was given by the Rev. Harold Bell Wright, Pastor of The Linthicum Heights Methodist Church.
When Holly Run was relocated, the reconstructed interior walls were of white plaster, lacking the stenciling added in 1886. Under the leadership of Mrs. Laura Roberts, money was raised to restore the white interior walls to their stenciled glory. In 1978 as part of the church's sesquicentennial celebration, the interior stenciling was recreated by Ronald Spencer, a Baltimore artist.
In 2004, Holly Run was struck by lightening causing a fire in the roof that spread to the ceiling of the church. Thanks to the quick response of the Anne Arundel County Fire Department, little of the structure was damaged. However, the water used to fight the fire ruined the interior plaster of the church including the extensive stenciling added in 1978. Within days, Ronald Spencer, the artist who had done the recreation of the stenciling contacted the church and offered to work on the restoration. The church has now been completely restored.
Holly Run is now used for special services including weddings, baptisms, and the New Year's Eve service.
Linthicum Heights United Methodist Church Today Now numbering near 1,000 members, Linthicum Heights United Methodist Church remains an active and vibrant community of faith with ministries in the Linthicum Heights community, the Baltimore area, the Baltimore Washington Conference, and throughout the world.
Pastors of Holly Run
1829-1830 William Bawden
1830 William Sexsmith
1831 William Kelsey Hays, Assistant
1832 Hauser
1834 Dan Davis
1836-1837 Elijah Henkle
A. A. Lipscomb, Assistant
1838 P. E. Resne
1839 Hale
1842-1843 Appleby
William Sexsmith, Assistant
1844 Norwood
1845 Thomas Whiteworth
David Wilson, Assistant
1846-1848 R. S. Norris
1846 J. M. Henkle, Assistant
1847 Oliver Cox, Assistant
1848 J. D. Brooks, Assistant
1849 W. C. Poole
1850-1851 H. J. Day
1852-1853 John Elderdice
1854 R. T. Boyd
1855-1856 W. S. Hammond
1857-1859 E. F. Ewell
1859-1860 J. M. Everist
E. F. Ewell, Assistant
1861-1862 D. W. Bates
1863-1864 J. M. Elderdice
C. F. Cochel, Assistant
1865-1868 C. H. Littleton
1869-1874 J. W. Gray
1873 J. G. Sullivan, Assistant
1874 J. B. Butler, Assistant
1875-1876 A. D. Dick
1875 D. C. Gilbert, Assistant
1876 J. D. McFaden, Assistant
1877-1879 D. A. Schomer
1880 J. T. Lassel
1880 G. H. McFaden
1881-1884 W. J. Floyd
1881 E. W. Starr, Assistant
1882 W. F. Roberts, Assistant
1884 S. F. Cassen, Assistant
1885 J. B. Jones
1886 J. F. Wooden, Assistant
1887-1890 J. R. Nichols, Assistant
1891 E. B. Taylor
1892-1893 G. R. Donaldson
1894 J. G. Sullivan
1895 G. L. Schlinke
1896-1897 J. F. Wooden
1898-1900 G. R. Hodge
1909 C. R. Strausburg
1910-1911 J. B. Jones
Pastors of Linthicum Heights Church
1911-1912 Arthur J. Torry
1912-1913 E. O. Ewing
1913-1917 Austin R. Middleton
1919-1921 E. H. Van Dyke (First full-time pastor)
1921-1923 Bradley Wilson Kindley
1923-1925 Edward T. Kirkley
1925-1928 Louis Randall
1928-1930 Luther F. Warner
1930-1931 Paul F. Warner
1931-1935 Eugene C. Makosky
1935-1941 W. A. Roberts
1941-1945 C. C. Knapp
1945-1951 J. E. Benson
1951-1962 Walter H. Stone
1960-1961 Thomas Carrick, Associate Pastor
1961-1964 Ray E. Clements, Associate Pastor
1962-1966 William C. Durrett
1964-1970 Robert A. McLaughlin, Minister of Education
1966-1981 Harold Bell Wright
1968-1972 Ralph W. Watt, Minister of Visitation
1971-1973 Virginia Wilson, Director of Religious Education
1973-1977 Kenneth R. Dunnington, Associate Pastor
1977-1979 Richard Hogue, Associate Pastor
1981-1993 Donald Llewellyn
1981-1983 Dennis DeBoy, Associate Pastor
1983-1990 Reg Barss, Associate Pastor
1990-1992 Christian DeLaRosa, Associate Pastor
1992-2002 Sharon Ford, Associate Pastor
1993-1996 Frederick Crider
1996-1999 Timothy Dissmeyer
1999-2018 David A. Shank
2003-2007 Stacey Cole Wilson, Associate Pastor


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University Libraries - Rita Benton Music Library
Rita Benton – A Brief Biography
Music Library home
UI School of Music
Instruction Services
About the RBML
About Rita Benton
Canter Rare Book Room
Music Library Staff
Get Help from the Librarian
Location, Hours & Contact
Rita Beatrice Rosenfeld was born in New York City in 1918. She graduated from Hunter College in 1939 with a B.A. degree, and received a diploma in piano from the Juilliard School of Music. During a trip to France she met and married Arthur Benton, a clinical psychologist with the New York Hospital. After his military service during World War II he was offered a position as Professor of Psychology at the University of Iowa, bringing the Bentons to Iowa City in 1948. Rita enrolled in the University's School of Music and in 1951 received her M.A. in musicology.
In 1952 she was hired part-time by the University Libraries to catalog the music holdings, but her duties soon expanded to include acquisition and management of the collection. In 1957, when the basement of Eastlawn building became the home of the new departmental music library, Rita was named its head, remaining part-time Music Librarian and Professor in the School of Music until her death. She developed a solid collection of musical research materials with emphasis on the reference and periodicals collections, and helped plan the layout of the library when it moved into the new School of Music Building (now Voxman Music Building) in 1971.
Meanwhile she had continued her studies in musicology with Albert T. Luper as advisor and mentor, and received her Ph.D. in 1961 with a dissertation on Nicolas-Joseph Huellmandel. In 1977 Pendragon Press issued her magnum opus, Ignace Pleyel, A Thematic Catalogue of his Compositions, which received the Music Library Association's award for the best book-length bibliography of that year. She edited the initial volumes of the Directory of Music Research Libraries (RISM C), and wrote articles for Fontes artis musicae, Music and Letters, Musical Quarterly, and other journals. She also edited and translated Claude Debussy Songs (Dover, 1981) and French Song from Berlioz to Duparc (Dover, 1970, 1988). In 1990 Pendragon published her last book, Pleyel as Music Publisher, a Documentary Sourcebook, which was completed by Jeanne Halley.
Rita Benton served as President of the Music Library Association during 1962-63, and in 1962 delivered the opening lecture of the Sixth International Congress of the International Association of Music Libraries (IAML) in Stockholm. In 1976 she became editor of the Association's journal Fontes artis musicae, and was in Paris in connection with her editorial duties at the time of her death on March 23, 1980.
On September 13th of that year the University of Iowa dedicated the Rita Benton Music Library "in recognition of her service to this University and her contributions to music librarianship and musicology." Fifteen years later the University Libraries and the School of Music sponsored A Commemoration of Rita Benton, which took place on September 22-23, 1995. Her contributions to musicology and librarianship will continue to be significant for many years to come.