text:
Home Design Objectives Accessible Beyond Accessibility to Universal Design
Provide Equal Access and Flexibility
History of Accessible Facility Design
Beyond Accessibility to Universal Design
Universal Design and Health
Best Practices for Accessibility Compliance
Cost–Effective
Functional / Operational
Secure / Safe
by the WBDG Accessible Committee; Jordana L. Maisel, PhD and Molly Ranahan, PhD
Center for Inclusive Design & Environmental Access (IDeA)
Accessibility laws like the Architectural Barriers Act (1968), Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Fair Housing Act Amendments (1988), and the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) establish minimum requirements that protect people with disabilities from discrimination in the built environment. Ron Mace, FAIA and Ruth Hall Lusher, saw the need to reevaluate using legal mandates to ensure usability by people with disabilities based on their experience with accessibility laws. Universal design, the term for this revised approach, was based on the premise that the environment could be much more accessible than the minimum requirements of law required if designers focused attention on improving function for a large range of people.
At the broadest level, universal design is concerned with designing for diversity and equity.
Definitions of Universal Design
Universal design (UD) is also called inclusive design, design for all, or life span design. As initially conceived, UD was focused on usability issues. "The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design" (Mace, 1985). In the last ten years, the emphasis was broadened to wider issues of social inclusion. A newer definition is more relevant to all citizens without ignoring people with disabilities. It states that universal design is, "a process that enables and empowers a diverse population by improving human performance, health and wellness, and social participation" (Steinfeld and Maisel, 2012). In short, universal design makes life easier, healthier, and friendlier for all.
Universal design increases the potential for developing a better quality of life for a wide range of individuals. It also reduces stigma by putting people with disabilities on an equal playing field. While it does not substitute for assistive technology, universal design benefits people with functional limitations and society as a whole. It supports people in being more self-reliant and socially engaged. For businesses and government, it reduces the economic burden of special programs and services designed to assist individual citizens, clients, or customers.
Proponents of universal design must recognize that products and environments can never be fully usable by every person in the world, but that services, management practices, and policies can benefit from universal design thinking. Universal design should therefore be considered a process rather than an end state. There is never any end to the quest for improved usability, health, or social participation, so attention to more than just the built environment is needed to achieve these three broad outcomes.
The following table provides some examples of the differences between universal design and accessible design.
A universally designed home plan costs the same as any other plan to build that anyone can purchase A custom designed home based on an existing plan but requires additional costs for the redesign and custom construction details
Home improvement services that incorporate universal design as a basic service Home modifications services by a contractor who charges more for her specialized knowledge of design for disability and aging
Automobile instruments and controls customizable to accommodate differences in perceptual abilities, stature, motor abilities, and preferences Assistive technology used to adapt an automobile display for people with special needs
A no step building entry that everyone can use easily and together A building entry with a ramp at the side that is out of the way for all visitors but is accessible by code
A hotel that has 100% universally designed rooms in a variety of types A hotel that has only the code-required percentage of accessible rooms
(Steinfeld and Maisel, 2012, p. 69)
Principles of Universal Design
The "Principles of Universal Design" were developed by a team of U.S. experts organized by the Center on Universal Design at NC State University in the 1990's. Accompanied by a set of guidelines for each Principle, they were a valuable tool for clarifying universal design for early adopters, and are still widely used today.
The Principles of Universal Design:
Equitable Use
Flexibility in Use
Perceptible Information
Tolerance for Error
Low Physical Effort
Size and Space for Approach and Use
Eight Goals of Universal Design
The eight Goals of Universal Design were recently developed in an effort to update the Principles, clarify the concept of universal design, incorporate human performance, health and wellness, and social participation as outcomes, and address contextual and cultural issues. For example, there are many sources of contextual differences, such as topography, economic development levels, cultural norms, and local values, which influence the way designers implement universal design. Increasingly, high value is placed on preserving cultural resources like historic buildings and natural resources. Attempts to enhance accessibility, however, often conflict with these two goals. Universal design must address this conflict to overcome perceptions that it gets in the way of reaching other important design goals.
One barrier to adoption of universal design in middle- and low-income countries is the perception that it is often perceived as idealistic, expensive, or an imposition of Western values. It is realistic and appropriate to acknowledge that design strategies will differ or be adapted in different places and by different cultures. In some places, achieving the level of accessibility required by Western norms could be counterproductive. Thus, it is important that universal design strategies also address cultural values associated with social, economic, and physical context. In addition to addressing these concerns, the eight Goals of Universal Design were also conceived to link universal design to bodies of knowledge and identify measurable outcomes.
Body fit. Accommodating a wide a range of body sizes and abilities
Comfort. Keeping demands within desirable limits of body function
Awareness. Insuring that critical information for use is easily perceived
Understanding. Making methods of operation and use intuitive, clear, and unambiguous
Wellness. Contributing to health promotion, avoidance of disease, and prevention of injury
Social integration. Treating all groups with dignity and respect
Personalization. Incorporating opportunities for choice and the expression of individual preferences
Cultural appropriateness. Respecting and reinforcing cultural values and the social, economic and environmental context of any design project.
(Steinfeld and Maisel, 2012)
Expanding Adoption
Universal design has not been adopted as extensively within the design community as some other recent design movements (e.g., sustainability, historic preservation). One challenge facing adoption is a continued perception of universal design as design for disability. To reach professionals, continuing education and the development of communities of practice, especially among educators, is a priority. The most direct way to make key stakeholders (e.g., builders, designers, end users) more aware of universal design is through widely used media like television and the Internet. At this stage in the evolution of UD, it is important not to limit models of practice to "the one best way" so that each sector of industry and professional practice can have a selection of practices to fit with their needs. There are good examples of the value of universal design for all stakeholders. Examples of UD features in buildings include automated doors, which provide an entrance for people of all abilities; integrated furniture components and power and communication systems that make outlets more convenient; and multi-sensory interactive wayfinding models that enable almost any person to comfortably operate and learn from a public map and directory system.
As a result of UD's growing popularity, many new issues have captured the attention of design professionals and their colleagues in related professions. Those issues with a close relationship to universal design include aging in place, sustainability, workplace design, public spaces, and social justice. Universal design has much to contribute to solving any social problem in which usability and social participation play a major role in design response.
Aging in Place: A large majority of individuals want to age where they currently live. A 2010 AARP survey of adults over the age of 65 found that almost 90 percent want to remain in their own home for as long as they are able and 80 percent anticipated permanently living in their current residence. Aging in place offers numerous social and financial benefits, and promotes keys to successful aging such as life satisfaction, health, and self-esteem.
A 2011 AARP report describes factors that often prevent older adults from aging in place including auto-oriented land uses in their communities and a lack of access to transportation. Others who remain in their homes but are unable to make necessary renovations risk living with barriers that endanger their safety and limit their ability to participate in the community. Approximately 1.14 million older persons with health and mobility problems have unmet needs for additional supportive features in their dwelling units (Pynoos 2001). At this time, only age-restricted housing for elderly persons can usually accommodate the health and social challenges typically associated with aging.
To remain in their own homes while aging, people need housing designs that can be adapted to wider range of health conditions than traditional designs allow. Encouraging housing producers to adopt universal design features is a key aspect of design for aging in place. This includes a no-step entry, bathrooms on an accessible floor level, potential for a sleeping space on an accessible level, good lighting, efficient space planning, and other features that reduce effort and accommodate short-term and chronic disabilities.
Common Aging-in-Place Features:
One no-step path to a no-step entry that can be at the front, side, rear, or through a garage (1/4–1/2 in. thresholds)
No step access to patios, balconies, and terraces (1/4–1/2 in. thresholds)
Doorways have at least a 34 in. wide clear opening with appropriate approach clearances
Door handles are 34–38 inches from the floor
Hallways and passageways are 42 in. clear minimum
Access to at least one full bath on the main floor with reinforced walls at toilets and tubs for the future installation of grab bars
Cabinetry in kitchen that allows a person to work in a seated position
Light switches and electrical outlets 24–48 in. from finished floor
Stairways have tread widths at least 11 in. deep and risers no greater than 7 in. high
Good lighting throughout the house including task lighting in critical locations (e.g. under kitchen cabinets)
Non-glare surfaces
Contrasting colors to promote good perception of edges and boundaries
Clear floor space of at least 30 x 48 in. in front of all appliances, fixtures, and cabinetry
Front-loading laundry equipment
Ample kitchen and closet storage or adjustable shelving within 28–48 in.
Comfortable reach zones
(Steinfeld and White, 2010).
This image from the LIFEhouse™ shows many levels of lighting, multiple work center levels, and fixtures and appliances with universal design features. The home was the recipient of the National Association of Home Builders 2012 Gold Award for Best Universally Designed Home.
Sustainability: Sustainable products used in buildings need to be designed to be operable by people with limited function in order to comply with accessibility laws, but they also have to be usable for the broader population or they will not be effective in practice. Due to their novelty, they often present usability issues to end users. This can result in replacing the product and even abandoning the goal of sustainability. Acceptance of innovative sustainable products can be enhanced through universal design. Consider the example of a waterless urinal. Every men's restroom requires at least one lower urinal. Most waterless urinals are only designed for the higher, traditional position, which means that they may cause maintenance problems or even require an accessible, traditional water operated urinal to supplement the waterless unit. Some require special cleansers to protect the finish and special tools and procedures to change the trap. If not properly maintained, the urinal will cease to function, start emitting an odor, and anger building occupants and owners. Bad experiences like this can result in replacing the product and even abandoning the goal of sustainability.
Workplace: Universal design is a critical consideration when designing work place environments for several reasons: 21.3 million (nearly 65%) of American adults with disabilities that are of working-age (16–64 years old) live with a chronic conditions that inhibit their capacity to maintain employment (Waldrop & Stern, 2003); typically adults spend a significant time working, thus making work environments important spaces in daily life (Sanford, 2012). Good design of the workplace can help increase participation of people with disabilities in the workforce, and can help to ensure that fewer accommodations will be needed if an employee has a disability. Additionally, achieving the highest level of usability in the workplace environment increases overall task efficiency, productivity, employee morale, and general safety and also helps employers attract and keep a broad and diverse work force.
Common Workplace Features:
All controls within the comfortable reach zone of between 24 inches (610 mm) and 48 inches (1220 mm) above the floor
Ample and secure storage for employee's personal possessions within the comfort range of 24 inches (610 mm) and 48 inches (1220 mm) above the floor
At least one automated door to the building, preferably one closest to employee parking or public transportation
Counter heights for workstations should be adjustable to fit a work force with a wide range of statures and visual abilities
Cubicles and other devices to give individual workers some control over noise
Designated break areas that are quiet and comfortable, to allow workers a place to recover from work demands and socialize with others
Height adjustable work surface between 28 inches (715 mm) and 32 inches (815 mm), with frequently used items stored within 24 inches (610) and 48 inches (1220 mm) and within a 24 inch (710 mm) maximum of reach arch from the elbow
Sound absorbent materials on walls and floors to keep ambient noise levels as low as possible where background noise cannot be eliminated
Storage containers that provide the option of carrying, pushing, pulling, or rolling
Systems for employees to adjust light levels at their workspaces to best fit the requirements for their specific tasks, individual abilities, and preferences
Wheeled chair with adjustable height seat, reclining tilt function, lumbar support, adjustable arm rests, and a high back to support neck and head
Workstations situated so employees can communicate effectively with visual and/or verbal modes of communication
Workstations that accommodate both standing and seated positions, also referred to as "sit-stand" workstations used wherever possible
Provide workplace options (e.g., standing workstations) that enable employees to periodically get relief from the stress of standing or sitting for long periods of time, and work in an environment that is most productive for them.
Provide employees with access to environmental controls and light switches to allow them to adjust the temperature and light levels to best fit the requirements for their specific tasks, individual abilities, and preferences.
Public Spaces: Public spaces include facilities open to the public such as stores, restaurants, amusement parks, parks and other recreation facilities, street rights-of-way, and transportation systems. Public accommodations are a critical domain for universal design because they are the site of key participation activities, including engagement in civic affairs, employment, recreation, education, and community mobility.
Common Universal Design Features in Public Spaces:
A tactile guide path in a museum helps all visitors find the information desk.
Drinking fountains grouped with other amenities to make them easier to locate
Directional signage/wayfinding cues throughout
Lighting provided along outdoor pathways
Nodes connected directly by pathways
Resting places throughout the site
Restrooms appropriately sized to support large numbers of users at the same time
Signage placed within sight lines
Signage in alternate languages, as well as in English
Visual and tactile warning surfaces
Walls, fences, and landscape features used for guidance to key destinations
A store entrance with automated doors allows all customers to enter the same way.
Clear walkways, expanded corners, safety islands, and bike lanes enhance pedestrian, bicyclist, and driver safety.
Social Justice: Throughout the world, designers with a sense of social responsibility are concerned that good design, like many other resources of society, is a commodity that many cannot afford. Although initially focused on disability rights, universal design can focus on any civil rights issue because ultimately design for diversity is concerned with social justice for all. Thus, universal design should give attention to supporting access to housing, education, healthcare, transportation, and other resources in society for all those groups that have been excluded from full participation. Universal design is particularly appropriate in the context of design for low-income minority groups, which often have higher rates of disability than the general population.
Hippo Water Roller. This design, inspired by a lawn roller, reduces the need for lifting and carrying and allows an individual to carry more water at one time (hipporoller.org)
Cost-Effective, Functional / Operational—Account for Functional Needs, Historic—Provide Accessibility for Historic Buildings, Productive—Integrate Technological Tools, Productive—Design for the Changing Workplace, Sustainable
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)—A nonprofit membership organization dedicated to addressing the needs and interests of persons 50 and older. Through information and education, advocacy and service, AARP enhances the quality of life for all by promoting independence, dignity, and purpose. Among other things, AARP seeks to promote independent living and aging-in-place.
Center for Assistive Technology (CATEA)—CATEA is a multidisciplinary engineering and design research center dedicated to enhancing the health, activity and participation of people with functional limitations through the application of assistive and universally designed technologies in real world environments, products and devices.
Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access (IDeA)—School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY-The Center is dedicated to improving the design of environments and products by making them more usable, safer, and appealing to people with a wide range of abilities, throughout their life spans.
Design for All Foundation—The Design for All Foundation is an international foundation that strives to develop, promote, research and disseminate Design for All among companies and organizations both at the public and private level, administrations, educational agents and also designers and professionals who intervene with the environment, products and services.
Institute for Human Centered Design—The Institute for Human Centered Design (IHCD), founded in Boston in 1978 as Adaptive Environments, is an international non-governmental educational organization (NGO) committed to advancing the role of design in expanding opportunity and enhancing experience for people of all ages and abilities through excellence in design. IHCD's work balances expertise in legally required accessibility with promotion of best practices in human-centered or universal design.
National Endowment for the Arts is an independent federal agency that funds and promotes artistic excellence, creativity, and innovation for the benefit of individuals and communities. The NEA funds and supports efforts that employ universal design concepts.
National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR) is a Center within the Administration for Community Living (ACL), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). NIDILRR is a federal government grants-making agency that sponsors grantees to generate new disability and rehabilitation knowledge and promote its use and adoption. NIDILRR funds the only national research center on universal design. (Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Universal Design and the Built Environment)
Design Meets Disability by Pullin, G. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.
Disability Status 2000—Census 2000 Brief by Waldrop, J. & Stern, S. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, 2003.
Homes for Everyone Universal Design Principles in Practice by the Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, April 1996.
Inclusive Design: Design for the Whole Population by Clarkson, J., Coleman, R., Keates, S., & Lebbon, C., eds. London: Springer-Verlag, 2003.
Inclusive Design: Designing and Developing Accessible Environments by Imrie, R., & Hall, P. London: Spon, 2001.
Inclusive Housing: A Pattern Book by Steinfeld, E., and White. J. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2010.
The Principles of Universal Design, Version 2.0 by The Center for Universal Design. North Carolina State University, 01 Apr 1997.
Trends in Universal Design by The Delta Centre. Norwegian Directorate for Children, Youth and Family Affairs. 2013.
UDNY2 by Levine, D. (ed.). Center for Inclusive Design & Environmental Access, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Universal Design by Herwig, O. Germany: Birkhauser, 2008.
Universal Design: A Manual of Practical guidance for architects by Goldsmith, S. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2000.
Universal Design as a Rehabilitation Strategy by Sanford, J. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2012.
Universal Design: Creating Inclusive Environments by Steinfeld, E., & Maisel, J. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2012
Universal Design Handbook, 2nd Edition by Preiser, W. F.E. and Smith, K.H. (editors). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2010.
Universal Design: The HUMBLES Method for User-Centered Business by Aragall, F., and Montana, J. England: Gower Publishing Ltd., 2012.
The Living in Place Movement by Kelly Faloon. July 2014.


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Home » Featured » Special Issues » Punjab—Exploring Prospects
Punjab—Exploring Prospects
Demographic Dynamism of Punjab, 1971–2011
Vol. 52, Issue No. 3, 21 Jan, 2017
Mehar Singh Gill
Three aspects of population—vital rates, population growth, and population composition—have played a key role in the demographic dynamism of Punjab since 1971. Population mobility shows a distinct pattern: outmigration and emigration from the state, and a simultaneous inflow of labour, chiefly from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, leading to notable rise in Scheduled Caste population, and also a moderate increase in the share of Hindu and Muslim population.
Read more about Demographic Dynamism of Punjab, 1971–2011
Tracking Punjab
Pritam Singh
Read more about Tracking Punjab
Addressing the Agrarian Crisis in Punjab
Sukhpal Singh
The state of agricultural markets, the agricultural market policy and regulatory reforms in Punjab are reviewed in the context of the agrarian crisis. The farmer and farm worker manifesto of the Aam Aadmi Party is critically assessed. Policy mechanisms for agro-industrial development of the state are suggested.
Read more about Addressing the Agrarian Crisis in Punjab
Promise of Punjabi Diaspora
Shinder S Thandi
The Punjabi diaspora is globally dispersed with dense transnational networks. With a long history, its modern incarnation coincides with the beginnings of the Punjabi Suba movement in the 1950s. Over 85% of the Punjabis are now concentrated in Europe and North America. Political turmoil in Punjab in the 1980s created a new conflict-generated diaspora, which has become highly active in both host-land and homeland affairs. The Punjab state government's response to the promise of Punjabi diaspora's homeland linkages has shifted from reluctant engagement to indifference and needs a fresh initiative.
Read more about Promise of Punjabi Diaspora
Water Use Scenario in Punjab
Ranjit Singh Ghuman
In view of the complexity and sensitivity of the river water sharing conflicts between Punjab and Haryana, a serious review taking into account the current availability of the quantity of water is of utmost importance. The optimum use of water, especially for paddy irrigation, can save substantial amount of water. The two states need to give increased attention to sustainable use of water, even as they assert their claims over the river waters.
Read more about Water Use Scenario in Punjab
Internal Caste Cleavages among Dalits in Punjab
Ronki Ram
Punjab houses the highest number of Scheduled Castes in comparison with all other states in India. Despite the common nomenclature—SCs, Dalits are sharply divided into 39 castes. This caste heterogeneity impacts their upward social mobility and political mobilisation in multifarious ways.
Read more about Internal Caste Cleavages among Dalits in Punjab
Cropping Pattern in Punjab (1966–67 to 2014–15)
R S Mann
While rice and wheat occupied 90.1% of the area in Punjab and contributed 76.9% towards production in 2014–15, the combined area under other crops, which in 1966–67 was 54.54%, has decreased drastically to 9.87% in 2014–15. This changing cropping pattern is of key significance for the present state and future prospects of Punjab economy.
Read more about Cropping Pattern in Punjab (1966–67 to 2014–15)
Punjab's Drug Problem
P S Verma
Younger persons have been the worst sufferers of the illicit drugs trade in Punjab. Although contrabands have spread their tentacles in all parts, the scourge of drugs has been concentrated in certain localities, clusters, and villages. The demand for illicit drugs in Punjab is largely met from outside the state through a supply network controlled by the local, interstate, and international drug traffi ckers.
Read more about Punjab's Drug Problem
Punjab Politics
Punjab's political dynamics is characterised by a spectrum within which there is a movement from contesting identities resulting in confrontations to these identities, through mutual accommodations and forging coalitions. It is not a linear process; it also faces reversals back to confrontations, and then moves forward again to coalitions. The identities of religion, nation, language, class and caste have been particularly at play in this dynamic arena of Punjab politics.
Read more about Punjab Politics
Sustainability Crisis
Nadia Singh
In recent years, Punjab is attempting to move towards a more sustainable development trajectory, with a leading role in the bioenergy sector. This is a response to the deep sustainability crisis in the state, as a result of green revolution-based agrarian development strategy. This article attempts a critical evaluation of these bioenergy imperatives through a stakeholder perspective to analyse how far green energy can provide a sustainable energy future for the state.
Read more about Sustainability Crisis
Casteism amongst Punjabis in Britain
Meena Dhanda
Despite clear evidence of caste-based discrimination, harassment and victimisation, Punjabis in Britain stand divided on identifying with the victims of casteism. In the context of legislative, religious and academic contestations on caste discrimination in Britain, this article argues for acknowledging casteism where it exists.
Read more about Casteism amongst Punjabis in Britain
Evaluation of SAD–BJP Government (2007–17)
Jagrup Singh Sekhon, Sunayana Sharma
Regarding the performance of the Shiromani Akali Dal–Bharatiya Janata Party alliance government since February 2007, available trends suggest that there exists a gap between the claims made by the government and the actual work done. The perceptions of the people, based on empirical evidence and ground-level reality, suggest tough times ahead for the ruling alliance.
Read more about Evaluation of SAD–BJP Government (2007–17)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package com.mysql.jdbc;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import com.mysql.jdbc.jmx.LoadBalanceConnectionGroupManager;

public class ConnectionGroupManager {

	private static HashMap<String, ConnectionGroup> GROUP_MAP = new HashMap<String, ConnectionGroup>();

	private static LoadBalanceConnectionGroupManager mbean = new LoadBalanceConnectionGroupManager();

	private static boolean hasRegisteredJmx = false;

	public static synchronized ConnectionGroup getConnectionGroupInstance(String groupName){
		if(GROUP_MAP.containsKey(groupName)){
			return GROUP_MAP.get(groupName);
		}
		ConnectionGroup group = new ConnectionGroup(groupName);
		GROUP_MAP.put(groupName, group);
		return group;
	}

	public static void registerJmx() throws SQLException {
		if(hasRegisteredJmx){
			return;
		}

		mbean.registerJmx();
		hasRegisteredJmx = true;
	}

	public static ConnectionGroup getConnectionGroup(String groupName){
		return GROUP_MAP.get(groupName);
	}

	private static Collection<ConnectionGroup> getGroupsMatching(String group){
		if(group == null || group.equals("")){
			Set<ConnectionGroup> s = new HashSet<ConnectionGroup>();

			s.addAll(GROUP_MAP.values());
			return s;
		}
		Set<ConnectionGroup> s = new HashSet<ConnectionGroup>();
		ConnectionGroup o = GROUP_MAP.get(group);
		if(o != null){
			s.add(o);
		}
		return s;

	}

	public static void addHost(String group, String host, boolean forExisting) {
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			cg.addHost(host, forExisting);
		}
	}

	public static int getActiveHostCount(String group) {

		Set<String> active = new HashSet<String>();
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			active.addAll(cg.getInitialHosts());
		}
		return active.size();
	}

	public static long getActiveLogicalConnectionCount(String group) {
		int count = 0;
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			count += cg.getActiveLogicalConnectionCount();
		}
		return count;
	}

	public static long getActivePhysicalConnectionCount(String group) {
		int count = 0;
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			count += cg.getActivePhysicalConnectionCount();
		}
		return count;
	}

	public static int getTotalHostCount(String group) {
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		Set<String> hosts = new HashSet<String>();
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			hosts.addAll(cg.getInitialHosts());
			hosts.addAll(cg.getClosedHosts());
		}
		return hosts.size();
	}

	public static long getTotalLogicalConnectionCount(String group) {
		long count = 0;
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			count += cg.getTotalLogicalConnectionCount();
		}
		return count;
	}

	public static long getTotalPhysicalConnectionCount(String group) {
		long count = 0;
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			count += cg.getTotalPhysicalConnectionCount();
		}
		return count;
	}

	public static long getTotalTransactionCount(String group) {
		long count = 0;
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			count += cg.getTotalTransactionCount();
		}
		return count;
	}

	public static void removeHost(String group, String host) throws SQLException {
		removeHost(group, host, false);
	}

	public static void removeHost(String group, String host, boolean removeExisting) throws SQLException {
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			cg.removeHost(host, removeExisting);
		}
	}

	public static String getActiveHostLists(String group) {
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(group);
		Map<String, Integer> hosts = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {

			Collection<String> l = cg.getInitialHosts();
			for (String host : l) {
				Integer o = hosts.get(host);
				if(o == null){
					o = Integer.valueOf(1);
				} else {
					o = Integer.valueOf(o.intValue() + 1);
				}
				hosts.put(host, o);

			}
		}

		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		String sep = "";
		for(String host : hosts.keySet()) {
			sb.append(sep);
			sb.append(host);
			sb.append('(');
			sb.append(hosts.get(host));
			sb.append(')');
			sep = ",";
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	public static String getRegisteredConnectionGroups() {
		Collection<ConnectionGroup> s = getGroupsMatching(null);
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		String sep = "";
		for (ConnectionGroup cg : s) {
			String group = cg.getGroupName();
			sb.append(sep);
			sb.append(group);
			sep = ",";
		}
		return sb.toString();

	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Calisius texasanus är en insektsart som beskrevs av Nicholas A. Kormilev 1968. Calisius texasanus ingår i släktet Calisius och familjen barkskinnbaggar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Barkskinnbaggar
texasanus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I saw this nostalgic relic by the side of the road one day during my afternoon walk. Doesn't look like much, does it?
Oh, but what it must have been in its day!
It is not hard for me to imagine this Thunderbird (maybe 1959?) rolling out of a local dealership showroom and on to the streets of Otsego or Delaware counties. And a convertible no less!
I can see the smiling face of the dad who just got a raise at his job (Scintilla? SUNY Oneonta? Bordens? Bresees? Norwich Pharmaceutical?) and spent those few extra bucks on a brand new T-bird. Or maybe some young stud used all of his savings to drive this beauty off to college. Maybe it was a family car, but it would have to be a small family (not much room here).
And just imagine what this looked like driving down Rt. 7 in the summer with the top down. Mom and Dad. Boyfriend and girlfriend. Young family. It is fun to try and put the puzzle pieces together when you see an old memory like this.
It is even hard to tell what the original color was, now all rusty, but I bet it was a sparkler for sure. And today it sits, preserved in amber, watching the world go by and dreaming of better days,younger days, on the roads of our listening area.


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Cyprus rape case: Experts cast doubt on teenager's confession
Jonathan Ames, Legal Editor
Friday January 03 2020, 5.00pm, The Times
The British teenager and her mother, left, leaving Famagusta district court on December 30
The conviction of a British teenager in Cyprus for making a false rape allegation is "flawed" if the judge was overly reliant on a written confession, a leading expert has said.
Two British specialists have cast doubt on the authenticity of a statement that police say the 19-year-old woman made in which she retracted her claim that she was attacked by up to a dozen Israeli boys and men.
The confession, which the woman is alleged to have written after an eight-hour interview with police and without the presence of a lawyer, formed a significant plank of the prosecution's case.
Specialists have pointed to grammatical phrases in the short written confession that they say are unlikely to have been written spontaneously by a native English


Want to setup a get together with other local T-Reg owners? GREAT!
To setup your own event, simply post a new topic in this forum.
Tentative - This get together is not yet confirmed. Once enough (to be determined by those attending) people RSVP, the organizer should change the subject to CONFIRMED.
Confirmed - This event has enough RSVP'd members as determined by the group and will be taking place.
If you want to attent an event that has been posted, post a message within the topic.
We'll be developing a more dynamic solution for this in the near future.
Great work .. really informative .. and thanks a lot for sharing ..


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CSU FOOTBALL
CSU football's game at UNLV will be played on a Friday at new Las Vegas stadium
Kelly Lyell
Fort Collins Coloradoan
Colorado State's football game this fall at UNLV has been moved from a Saturday to a Friday night so that it could be played at Las Vegas' new Allegiant Stadium, school officials said Wednesday.
The Rebels are leasing the stadium from its primary tenant, the NFL's Las Vegas Raiders, for six of UNLV's seven home games in 2020, beginning with the Aug. 29 season opener against California.
Moving the CSU game from Saturday, Oct. 24, to Friday, Oct. 23, was part of the agreement the school reached with the Raiders to allow UNLV to play its Sept. 12 home game against Arizona State at the 65,000-seat stadium that is opening this year. Game times have not yet been announced.
The Raiders are scheduled to play a home game Oct. 25 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
Rams:Highly rated New Mexico quarterback commits to CSU football
UNLV will play one game at Sam Boyd Stadium, its former home, this season on Sept. 5 against Louisiana Tech. All future home games will be played at Allegiant Stadium, UNLV athletic director Desiree Reed-Francois said in a news release.
"We are extremely appreciative of the Raiders organization for working with us on hosting the Arizona State game at Allegiant Stadium," Reed-Francois said. "Our community is energized behind new head coach Marcus Arroyo and his team as they move into one of the greatest sports facilities in the world and getting to host two Pac-12 Conference opponents there this fall will make it an even better experience for our fans and student-athletes."
Related:How Steve Addazio is building a recruiting class during coronavirus pandemic
The first game at the new stadium is scheduled for Thursday, Aug. 27, when the Raiders face the Arizona Cardinals.
CSU is scheduled to open its season at home Sept. 5 against Colorado. CSU is scheduled to play four of its first six games at home in Canvas Stadium this fall.
Game times and television broadcast plans for CSU's 2020 season have not yet been announced.
Coloradoan reporter Kelly Lyell can be reached by email at kellylyell@coloradoan.com. You can follow him on Twitter @KellyLyell and find him on Facebook at www.facebook.com/KellyLyell.news. Help support Coloradoan journalists by purchasing a subscription today.


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Basshunter.com is the official site of Bass Hunter, an online store specialized in provide a variety of Bass hunter boats and Yamaha jet skies. On this online store you can find a large collection of fish hunter inflatable boats and Yamaha jet skies for you to buy online.
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Are you looking for affordable boats? Would you like to buy boat accessories online? If that is the case, this site might be helpful. On Basshunter.com you can find a variety of fish hunter inflatable boats and Yamaha jet skies. In conclusion, if you are looking for Bass hunter boats, feel free to visit this site.


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Home Movie Reviews Movie Review: The Boxtrolls
New in Theaters
Movie Review: The Boxtrolls
Jane Boursaw
Reel Rating: 4 out of 5 Reels
MPAA Rating: PG for action, some peril and mild rude humor
Released in Theaters: Sept. 25, 2014
Genre: Family, Animated, Based on a Book
Directed by: Anthony Stacchi, Graham Annable
Studio: Focus Features
Cast: Elle Fanning, Isaac Hempstead Wright, Ben Kingsley
Official Site: The Boxtrolls
SYNOPSIS: A young orphaned boy raised by underground cave-dwelling trash collectors tries to save his adopted family from an evil exterminator. Will he succeed?
REVIEW: Angry villagers! Evil Henchmen! Weird transvestites! A boy lowered into a fiery cage of death! A cheese allergy gone horribly wrong! If this movie doesn't give your little ones nightmares, nothing will! Ok, "The Boxtrolls" isn't all bad. Some of it is quirky and cute. Some of it is downright terrifying. Let's break it down…
Based on the children's novel 'Here Be Monsters' by Alan Snow, the story takes place in the Dickensian village of Cheesebridge, where the wealthy residents wear white hats and obsess over exotic cheeses. They also plot to kill the boxtrolls, quirky little creatures who live beneath the city in a lair cluttered with all the interesting junk they scavenge from streets at night.
The people think the boxtrolls eat babies and steal children, carting them off to their underground cavern filled with "mountains of bones and rivers of blood." The boxtrolls' reputation was secured one night when they carried off a crying baby, but of course, there's always more to the story — this one involving the evil Archibald Snatcher (voiced by Ben Kingsley).
All Snatcher wants is one of those white hats the rich people wear when they meet to eat assorted cheeses — like the one worn by snobby Lord Portley-Rind (Jared Harris), who ignores his young daughter Winnie (Elle Fanning) in favor of cheese. Portley-Rind tells Snatcher that if he exterminates the boxtrolls, he too can wear a white hat and be part of the coveted cheese club.
Fast forward ten years and the boxtrolls numbers are dwindling, much to the chagrin of Eggs (Isaac Hempstead Wright), the baby who was "eaten" by the boxtrolls long ago. Turns out, they've been lovingly raising him as their own. They're not baby-eaters, after all. They're peaceful creatures who love to tinker and create things with their nightly scavenger sessions.
With the help of Winnie, Eggs is determined to put a stop to Snatcher's boxtroll extermination, before the last of his adopted family is gone.
"The Boxtrolls" starts off in an adorable way. The filmmakers and animators take their time creating a detailed village with cobblestone streets bathed in the foggy light of streetlamps. The stop-motion animation is nothing short of stunning. The filmmakers have said that each second of the finished movie took four days to film, with real people (not computers) painstakingly creating tiny movements to move the action forward.
While the story, based on the novel "Here Be Monsters!" by Alan Snow, isn't quite as creepy as the supernatural worlds of "Coraline" and "ParaNorman" (the filmmakers' previous movies), it's still rife with peril and danger, with major characters seemingly killed off along the way.
Then there's the evil Snatcher, whose pursuit of the one thing he thinks will give him respect and power turns him into a grotesque monster. Yep, he has a cheese allergy, which can only be remedied by having leeches thrown all over him to — ack — reduce the swelling. I was seriously cringing during some scenes.
In short, the boxtrolls are not the monsters here, the people are. The boxtrolls are, in fact, cheerful and charming, meeting their challenges with good humor and grace. Well, they do eat bugs. But the bugs are colorful, so there's that.
There are a few messages here: Public opinion is not always right. Don't go along with the crowd. Be proud of who you are. And everything is not always as it seems, so get the facts before taking action. There's also a sub-story about fathers being absent in their children's lives.
Should your kids see "The Boxtrolls"? Some scenes are too disturbing for very young kids, including a risqué transvestite (sort of) singer. I'm going with ages eight and older on this one.
Sex/Nudity: Flirty street performer Madame Frou Frou wears a low-cut gown, fishnet stockings and lots of makeup (though she isn't what she appears to be). Eggs kisses (and licks!) ladies' hands at a party and scratches his "privates" in public, causing Winnie to scold him for doing so. The boxtrolls' naked behinds (which look like human backsides) are shown in one scene.
Violence/Gore: Quite a bit of peril and violence for a kids' movie. The movie opens on a stormy night with a crying baby carried away by boxtrolls. Snatcher is evil, creepy and unhinged, as he gleefully captures boxtrolls with his terrifying extermination machine, causing chaos in the streets. Boxtrolls are captured and presumed dead; in one scene it appears they've been smashed flat. A character has a food allergy that causes him to swell up and become angry. A character explodes into a cheesy haze. Winnie is somewhat macabre, dwelling on all the things the boxtrolls will do to her if she's caught. Lots of chase scenes and peril. A character nearly meets his death by being lowered into a white-hot fire. Madame Frou Frou sings a song about killing boxtrolls. A character throws up some cheese and eats it again.
Profanity: Infrequent use of "Oh my God" and insults like "brat." "Mother of sausages" is used as an exclamation.
Drugs/Alcohol: Characters appear to become intoxicated by eating various cheeses.
Which Kids Will Like It? Kids 8 and older who liked "Coraline" and "ParaNorman" and don't mind some artistic edginess in their movies.
Will Grownups Like It? "The Boxtrolls" ranges between disturbing, quirky and cute. It's not for kids younger than 8.
JANE'S REEL RATING SYSTEM:
One Reel – Even the Force can't save it.
Two Reels – Coulda been a contender
Three Reels – Something to talk about.
Four Reels – You want the truth? Great flick!
Five Reels – Wow! The stuff dreams are made of.
Images courtesy of Focus Features.
anthony stacchi
Previous articleNYFF: Ben Affleck, David Fincher & Cast Talk "Gone Girl"
Next articleMovie Review: The Equalizer
https://www.reellifewithjane.com
Jane Boursaw is the founder and editor-in-chief of Reel Life With Jane. Her credits include hundreds of print and online publications, including The New York Times, People Magazine, Variety, Moviefone, TV Squad and more. Follow her on Twitter at @reellifejane.
Movie Review: 'Harriet' is a Powerful But Flawed Account of an American Icon
Movie Review: 'The River and the Wall' Doc Follows the Mexican/U.S. Southern Border
Movie Review: Aretha Franklin Concert Doc 'Amazing Grace' Lives Up to Its Title
Movie-Themed Halloween Costumes for Kids (Bonus: Downloadable Snacks & Pumpkin Stencils) October 21, 2014 at 11:29 pm
[…] The Boxtrolls. To recreate Eggs' look from "The Boxtrolls," throw on a box, do a little artwork, scruff up the hair, and you're good to go! Bonus […]


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Grace Kinstler's net worth, biography, fact, career, awards and life story
Grace Kinstler Wiki – Grace Kinstler Biography
Grace Kinstler is an American Singer and Songwriter who is also best known for being a contestant in season 19 of American Idol. She prefers the pop genre of songs and her work can be seen on YouTube, Spotify, and the Jio channel.
During her audition performance for this season of "American Idol" brought judge Luke Bryan to tears, judge Katy Perry said it was "true magic" and all three judges said yes to Hollywood. "I get brought to tears by stories and backgrounds of what people have been through and their struggles," Bryan said. "But this is the first time in four years that just someone's singing made me cry."
The 20-year-old Berklee College of Music student is now a frontrunner on this season of "American Idol" but this isn't the first time she's auditioned for the show.
Kinstler was born on 4th August 2001 in Illinois, Chicago, US.
She applied to Berklee College of Music in Boston and got in, which she said was lucky because it was the only college she applied to. She then moved from Chicago to Boston and began attending school there as a songwriting major.
"I first was going to do vocal performance but then I felt like going in I had a lot more to learn about songwriting," she told MassLive. "I wanted to really delve into something that I love to do, but that I wanted to learn how to do more eloquently and more effectively."
Grace Kinstler Age
Grace Kinstler is 20 years old.
Her mother is Sherry Kinstler and her father is Mitch. She also has two brothers, not much has been shared about her brother.
A year ago, in 2020, she admits she was in "a very rough place" after her dad died and with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Her dad, however, has been with her throughout her time on the show as she continues to follow his advice he once gave her. "My dad always told me there's always gonna be someone better than you and there's always gonna be someone worse than you but you can learn something from both people," she told MassLive.
She is currently in a relationship with Joseph Wheatley. Joseph is known for his beatboxing skills as he posts videos on social media. The couple is dating since 2019 and they share a lot of pictures together on social media.
Grace Kinstler Hips
Grace Kinstler has had a massive transformation of her body leading to a beautiful Physique with stunning hips which have led many fans to look up at how she managed to make such a transformation. Many fans also want to know about Grace Kinstler's weight loss. The only possible explanation is that she might have done Gastric bypass surgery in order to reduce her weight and gaining a beautiful curvy body.
Gastric bypass is surgery that helps you lose weight by changing how your stomach and small intestine handle the food you eat. After the surgery, your stomach will be smaller. You will feel full with less food. The food you eat will no longer go into some parts of your stomach and small intestine that absorb food. Because of this, your body will not get all of the calories from the food you eat.


text:
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

from nectr.search.views import Search
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(
        regex=r'^$',
        view=Search.as_view(),
        name='search_base'
    ),
    url(
        regex='^the_hive$',
        view=TemplateView.as_view(template_name='look_nectr.html')
    )

]


text:
Close header menu
The C40 Chair
Raising Climate Ambition
1.5°C Climate Action Plans
High-Impact Accelerators
Inclusive & Thriving Cities
Influencing the Global Agenda
Green & Just Transition
Global Diplomacy & Advocacy
Financing the Green Transition
Engaging the Private Sector
Global Green New Deal
Global Youth & Mayors Forum
Cities Race to Zero
Scaling Up Climate Action
Adaptation & Water
Energy & Buildings
C40 Launches City Climate Change Hazard Taxonomy for Public Comment
Today, at the UNISDR World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, C40 officially launched for public comment the City Climate Hazard Taxonomy, a structured description of the key climate hazards that cities are facing. The Taxonomy was developed by C40 and ARUP with funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Cities are key actors in building climate resilience because they are on the frontlines of climate change impacts. Cities are taking effective, direct action in adapting to a changing climate and are increasingly connected through C40 networks to find common solutions. Indeed, the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability states that action in urban centers is essential to successful global climate change adaptation.
As part of C40's commitment to help cities reduce their climate risk, we have developed the City Climate Hazard Taxonomy to establish a clear and concise lexicon of the climate hazards that cities face today, and how those hazards may change in the future. We are giving cities a common language with which to discuss, assess and report on action relating to climate change adaptation.
The Taxonomy builds upon the UN Disaster Risk Reduction classification of hazards and draws specific focus to the city context and the effects of climate change. It will support city adaptation in the following ways:
Clarifying the range of climate hazards that cities face, and the relationships between hazards.
Providing the basis for scoping hazards as part of the risk assessment process.
Structuring the collection of data from cities about the hazards they are facing and the actions they are taking in response to specific hazard types.
Enabling stakeholders to 'tag' or 'label' case studies or other materials to streamline searches for relevant information.
Driving the use of consistent and clear terminology among stakeholders working on city adaptation and climate resilience.
The Taxonomy is a first step in development of a broader work program that aims to improve and accelerate local urban adaptation efforts, and drive global collaboration among cities by tracking hazards from changing climate, as well as city responses.
Already the Taxonomy is being used to support the inclusion of adaptation goals in the Compact of Mayors the world's largest cooperative effort by mayors to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, track progress and prepare for the impacts of climate change. It offers a mechanism to structure the collection of data from cities about their planning and action to improve city resilience to and reduce vulnerability to climate change.
C40 is actively looking to collect feedback from city practitioners and partners on the Taxonomy design and content. We are also interested to hear from the broader community. If you would like to provide comments on the document, please send them to research@c40.org before 30 April 2015.
C40 Membership Grows to 75 Global Cities
C40 is pleased to welcome Amman, Durban, Jaipur, Quito, and Salvador to its global network of cities committed to tackling climate change and increasing urban resilience.…
Press Release: C40 Expands to 75 Members with Addition of Five New Cities Worldwide
London, UK (March 12, 2015) – The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) today welcomed five new members to its...
Locations & Policies
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C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Here we are in a brand new year! All shiny and clean. We are excited to see what the new year will hold, excited about new opportunities and confident about accomplishing big goals. If you're like me, you may have even carried a few goals over from last year that didn't quite get finished. In any case, you made your list and put it somewhere visible so you will see it often. So now it's just a matter of implementation, right? Well, maybe or maybe not. Did you ever wonder why you sometimes keep writing out a few of the same goals but not actually accomplishing them? I have and that's what I wanted to share with you.
When it comes to goal setting and vision casting, there is a critical step that many of us skip over. Determining the WHY behind your WHAT. It is the fool-proof, life-proof insurance plan for accomplishing goals and brings your chances for success way up.
You've probably seen the TED Talk from Simon Sinek, "Start With Why" If you haven't, it's totally worth the 5 minutes to check it out.
Motivation only lasts as long as everything is going smooth. But when the going gets tough, shallow motivational techniques and inspirational quotes just won't do the trick. It takes grit and determination. And that takes strong, gut-level commitment. This is your WHY. Something along the lines of … provide for my family, buy my mom a new car, have control of my schedule, earn enough money so my hubby has the option to leave the job he hates. What is it for you that makes you keep trying when you feel like giving up? What is it that makes you persevere after you get knocked down again?
thank you for your comments. I look forward to checking out the steps to WHY!
Next PostNext Dream Big. Set Goals. Take Action.


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.. Auto-generated by help-rst from "mirtk copy-pointset-attributes-from-mat -h" output

Sets/Adds variables stored in a MAT file as point data of a VTK dataset.


A Dozen Sweet Treats for Valentine's Day!
Sweet Potato Pie – A Holiday Favorite!
Easy Chicken Pot Pie – Ultimate Comfort Food!
Ooey Gooey Butter Cake – A Delicious Treat!
Caramel Puff Corn with Nuts – Delicious Fall Treat!!
Italian Beef Sandwiches – Quick, Easy and Delicious!
Simply Delicious Banana Walnut Muffins!


text:
Voters punish Tories in Cameron's former seat
Conservatives' majority shrinks in first electoral test of Theresa May's post-Brexit party.
Tory Robert Courts won David Cameron's seat | Carl Court/Getty Images
By Jakob Hanke Vela
October 21, 2016	10:37 am
The British Conservative Party's majority in former Prime Minister David Cameron's old seat of Witney was slashed by 20,000 votes in a by-election, the BBC reported Friday.
The vote is the first electoral test for Theresa May's party after the Brexit vote in June.
Tory Robert Courts won the seat, but the party's share of the vote fell to 45 percent from 60 percent in 2015.
Trouncing Labour, the Lib Dems came second, with Liz Leffman managing 30 percent of the vote, up from 7 percent in 2015. Labour dropped to third place, winning 15 percent of the vote, down from 17 percent last year.
Separately, Labour's Tracy Brabin won the seat of Batley and Spen, which was previously held by murdered MP Jo Cox. Brabin, a former actress on the U.K.'s Coronation Street TV show, won the seat on 85 percent of the vote.
While the Conservatives, Greens, UKIP and the Liberal Democrats did not contest the seat as a sign of respect to Cox, nine candidates, many of them from far-right parties, did stand.
This story was updated to note the seat of Batley and Spen was contested.
Margaret Thatcher named worst prime minister of the century
By Carter Stoddard
David Cameron has a new job
More from ... Jakob Hanke Vela
How Boris Johnson's looseness with the truth infected the government
'We've all let standards slip a little bit,' said one civil servant.
UK Labour says Boris Johnson 'incapable of leading' in Ukraine crisis
Opposition party's John Healey strikes hawkish tone on Russia as Labour seeks to move on from Jeremy Corbyn years.
Tory MP accuses Boris Johnson's government of 'blackmail'
William Wragg says critics of the British PM have faced 'pressure and intimidation.'
By Emilio Casalicchio
By Esther Webber
Brexit	British politics	U.K. election 2015
David Cameron	Jo Cox	Theresa May


On April 27 - 28, 2018, NACLA, MERIP (Middle East Research and Information Project), and Jadaliyya will convene scholars, artists, and activists for a two-day international conference at New York University to explore new and longstanding links between Latin America and the Middle East. Contributors will consider social movements, cultural exchanges, political and economic institutions, and transnational solidarity and diaspora politics in light of the Arab spring and winter, and against the backdrop of nearly two decades of left wing governance in Latin America.
Subscribe to the NACLA Report today to recieve our Spring Issue on the Latin East—the first of our 50th year of publishing!—which features a special publishing collaboration between NACLA, MERIP, and Jadaliyya, with essays from the conference participants.


Please note that children 4 years and under must be accompanied in the pool with a swimming caregiver aged 17 or older at all times. Adults will be charged a discounted rate of $3.20.
From 2 April 2013, young Aucklanders will have free access to all council pools across the region during standard operating hours. This is the result of a council vote in 2012 to make all council-owned pools free for young people aged 16 years and under.
Visit the Auckland Council website for more information.


Both lakes are at or slightly above summer pool.  It has been a week of hot humid weather here in the lakes area with daytime heat indexes nearing 100.  Some severe thunderstorms are popping up in the lakes area during the heat of the day so you should keep an eye out for the approach of threatening weather when you are on the lakes and react accordingly to find safe dockage if you spot an approaching storm.  These storms can and usually are accompanied by bad lightning, possible hail and high winds.
The Largemouth Bass are primarily being taken on the  old river channel and creek channel ledges on the main lake and near the mouths of the bays.  These summer pattern deep water fish are being taken on deep running crankbaits, Carolina rigged worms and creature baits, Texas rigged large worms and jigs.  Some Largemouth Bass are also being taken in shallow water in the creeks and bays near vegatation and/or wood cover.  These shallow fish are feeding on schools of fry and are being taken on topwater lures (especially early and late in the day), spinnerbaits and Texas rigged worms, creature baits and tubes.
The Smallmouth Bass are being taken primarily at night now on primary and secondary points on the main lake and in the front halves of the bays on Ky Lake.  These fish are being taken on large dark colored spinnerbaits, jigs and tube jigs.  Some Smallmouth are being taken during the day on deep main lake points and river channel ledges on Carolina rigged tubes and creature baits and jigs.
Some of the productive lures reported this week are:  Lucky Craft sammy in ghost lemon pearl, chatterbuzz buzzbaits in white and black, Rebel Pop R in black/chrome, Rapala DT crankbaits in parrot and bluegill, Baby Huey worms in green pumpkin, Zoom ol monster worms in junebug and plum, Hook Some Bass spinnerbaits in blue glimmer, Hook Some Bass brush hounds in watermelon/red and watermelon/purple, Hook Some Bass tubes in green pumpkin and chameleon craw, Booyah spinnerbaits in black/red and black/purple (night fishing), Strike King bitsy flip jigs in green pumpkin/craw and Hook Some Bass jigs in rootbeer and black/blue.
The White Bass are being taken on the old river channel ledges and adjacent flats.  The ledge fish are being taken by vertically fishing with inline spinners, small jigging spoons and split shot rigs baited with minnows.  The fish on the flats are being taken by casting inline spinners.  I have seen a few jumps this week but all of them are short in duration and appear to be smaller fish.
The Catfish are being taken along the old river channels on bottom rigs baited with shrimp, leeches and cut baits.
The Bluegill are being taken on deep rocky creek channel banks in the bays off the spawning areas and around docks.  These fish are readily taking worms and crickets fished under bobbers and worms fished on split shot rigs fished on bottom.  Look for feeding Bluegill around mayfly hatches early and late in the day.  These fish will readily take crickets and worms fished under bobbers.


Join the Ideas Lab of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and WUWM 89.7 FM – Milwaukee's NPR for "Unsolved Live," a bonus episode of the Journal Sentinel's popular true crime podcast, 'Unsolved'. Journal Sentinel reporter Gina Barton will explore the death of Fr. Alfred Kunz, a Roman Catholic priest who was found in a pool of blood on the floor of St. Michael School in Dane in 1998. Barton has spent a year investigating the crime and why it has remained unsolved for 20 years. She'll be joined by Dawn Johnson, the first detective to lead the investigation, and by Peter Kelly, one of the parishioners who knew Father Kunz best. Mitch Teich, host of WUWM's morning show, "Lake Effect," will moderate.


text:
Q: How to use get()to call on a variable in a function in R? I am trying to use get() in a function. Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't. The data is:
ID<-c("001","002","003","004","005","006","007","008","009","010","NA","012","013")
Name<-c("Damon Bell","Royce Sellers",NA,"Cali Wall","Alan Marshall","Amari Santos","Evelyn Frye","Kierra Osborne","Mohammed Jenkins","Kara Beltran","Davon Harmon","Kaitlin Hammond","Jovany Newman")
Sex<-c("Male","Male","Male",NA,"Male","Male",NA,"Female","Male","Female","Male","Female","Male")
Age<-c(33,27,29,26,27,35,29,32,NA,25,34,29,26)
data<-data.frame(ID,Name,Sex,Age)

It works in some codes like this:
FctPieChart <- function(data,Var){

  dVar <- data %>%
    filter(!is.na(get(Var))) %>%
    group_by(get(Var)) %>% #changes the name of the column to "`get(Var)`"
    summarise(Count = n()) %>%
    mutate(Total = sum(Count), Percentage = round((Count/Total),3))
}
FctPieChart(data,"Sex")

And it doesn't work in some other codes like this:
FctPieChart <- function(data,var){
  x <- data %>%
    select(get(var))
  x

}
FctPieChart(data,"Sex")

It says:
<error/simpleError>
object 'Sex' not found

Does anyone know why?
Thank you very much in advance!
Best regards,
Stephanie

A: With dplyr::select() you don't need to use get(). Instead just useselect(var)
> FctPieChart <- function(data,var){
   x <- data %>%
     select(var)
   x
 }
> FctPieChart(data,"Sex")
      Sex
1    Male
2    Male
3    Male
4    <NA>
5    Male
6    Male
7    <NA>
8  Female
9    Male
10 Female
11   Male
12 Female
13   Male

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange