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What Is a Controlled Experiment?
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In a controlled experiment, all variables are held constant except for one. Hero Images / Getty Images
by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels.
A controlled experiment is one in which everything is held constant except for one variable. Usually, a set of data is taken to be a control group, which is commonly the normal or usual state, and one or more other groups are examined where all conditions are identical to the control group and to each other except for one variable.
Sometimes it's necessary to change more than one variable, but all of the other experimental conditions will be controlled so that only the variables being examined change. And what is measured is the variables' amount or the way in which they change.
Controlled Experiment
A controlled experiment is simply an experiment in which all factors are held constant except for one: the independent variable.
A common type of controlled experiment compares a control group against an experimental group. All variables are identical between the two groups except for the factor being tested.
The advantage of a controlled experiment is that it is easier to eliminate uncertainty about the significance of the results.
Example of a Controlled Experiment
Let's say you want to know if the type of soil affects how long it takes a seed to germinate, and you decide to set up a controlled experiment to answer the question. You might take five identical pots, fill each with a different type of soil, plant identical bean seeds in each pot, place the pots in a sunny window, water them equally, and measure how long it takes for the seeds in each pot to sprout.
This is a controlled experiment because your goal is to keep every variable constant except the type of soil you use. You control these features.
Why Controlled Experiments Are Important
The big advantage of a controlled experiment is that you can eliminate much of the uncertainty about your results. If you couldn't control each variable, you might end up with a confusing outcome.
For example, if you planted different types of seeds in each of the pots, trying to determine if soil type affected germination, you might find some types of seeds germinate faster than others. You wouldn't be able to say, with any degree of certainty, that the rate of germination was due to the type of soil. It might as well have been due to the type of seeds.
Or, if you had placed some pots in a sunny window and some in the shade or watered some pots more than others, you could get mixed results. The value of a controlled experiment is that it yields a high degree of confidence in the outcome. You know which variable caused or did not cause a change.
Are All Experiments Controlled?
No, they are not. It's still possible to obtain useful data from uncontrolled experiments, but it's harder to draw conclusions based on the data.
An example of an area where controlled experiments are difficult is human testing. Say you want to know if a new diet pill helps with weight loss. You can collect a sample of people, give each of them the pill, and measure their weight. You can try to control as many variables as possible, such as how much exercise they get or how many calories they eat.
However, you will have several uncontrolled variables, which may include age, gender, genetic predisposition toward a high or low metabolism, how overweight they were before starting the test, whether they inadvertently eat something that interacts with the drug, etc.
Scientists try to record as much data as possible when conducting uncontrolled experiments, so they can see additional factors that may be affecting their results. Although it is harder to draw conclusions from uncontrolled experiments, new patterns often emerge that would not have been observable in a controlled experiment.
For example, you may notice the diet drug seems to work for female subjects, but not for male subjects, and this may lead to further experimentation and a possible breakthrough. If you had only been able to perform a controlled experiment, perhaps on male clones alone, you would have missed this connection.
Box, George E. P., et al. Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery. Wiley-Interscience, a John Wiley & Soncs, Inc., Publication, 2005.
Creswell, John W. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall, 2008.
Pronzato, L. "Optimal experimental design and some related control problems". Automatica. 2008.
Robbins, H. "Some Aspects of the Sequential Design of Experiments". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 1952.
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Football Relativity 2011 Season Preview
Aaron Rodgers has plenty to celebrate. Image via Wikipedia
Each week during the season, we compare all 32 NFL teams using the Football Relativity tool, which puts the best teams at the 10 level and the worst teams at the 1 level. So before the season begins, we want to break down the upcoming season by discussing all 32 teams and their chances.
10 – Green Bay Packers – The Pack is back, and the defending champions get more toys to play with as key players like TE JerMichael Finley and RB Ryan Grant return from injured reserve. That should help the Pack, who barely snuck in the playoffs only to reel off an impressive run to a championship, have an easier berth into the postseason this year. QB Aaron Rodgers is ascending to the elite level, and there's probably no better signal caller in the league right now. He has a deep group of wideouts led by Greg Jennings, who has become a true No. 1 wideout. And the offensive line, which was battered last year, has added first-rounders Derek Sherrod and Bryan Bulaga in the past two years, which should add to consistency by the end of the season. On defense, the Packers have an attacking style that stars Clay Matthews and relies on a beefy, talented line with B.J. Raji and company. And in Tramon Williams, veteran Charles Woodson, and the ascending Sam Shields, the Packers have one of the league's best CB groups. No team in the NFL is more talented across the board, and it's been years since a defending champion came back with as good a chance to repeat.
9 – Philadelphia Eagles – The splashy "Dream Team" added a ton of name players, but the team's fate will rise and fall on the health of Michael Vick. If Vick can stay healthy, the Eagles will put up points with the best of them. RB LeSean McCoy and WR DeSean Jackson lead a class of playmakers that's beyond compare. However, the offensive line is in major flux with four new starters, and that could become an issue. On defense, the Eagles add a ton of big-name players, led by CB Nnamdi Asomugha, but there's no guarantee that things will gel quickly. The Eagles have so much talent that by the end of the year they'll be a power, but the early-season adjustments could cost them home-field advantage and ultimately leadership of the NFC.
9 (con't) – New England Patriots – The Pats have developed a recent history of excelling in the regular season and then falling apart in the postseason. But that troubling trend doesn't change the fact that they're a regular season power. Tom Brady had one of his best seasons in 2010, and while he no longer has Randy Moss, throwing to Wes Welker, Aaron Hernandez, Rob Gronkowski, and others will still work well. The running game was pretty good last year as well, and adding rookies like Stevan Ridley should only help. And the Pats have done a good job of adding young offensive linemen to keep that unit from getting old all at once. On defense, the Pats added a bunch of veteran defensive linemen that will help them be more versatile and should help them create more pressure. Vince Wilfork still is the heart of that unit. And younger players like ILB Jerod Mayo and CB Devin McCourty have added to the defense as well. New England is still trying to get its safety situation situated, but that doesn't feel like a fatal flaw. Who knows if the Patriots can fix their postseason problems in 2011. But rest assured that they'll be in the playoffs once again.
9 (con't) – Pittsburgh Steelers – The Steelers have a ton of strengths and the same weakness that has lingered for years (although they've overcome it). The big strength is on defense, where Pittsburgh's 3-4 remains one of the best attacking defenses in the league. That's led by OLBs James Harrison and Lamarr Woodley, but it features other standouts like NT Casey Hampton, ILB Lawrence Timmons, and CB Ike Taylor. Pittsburgh does a great job of integrating younger players and knowing when to let veterans go, and that allows the defense to maintain a high level. On offense, the Steelers continue to move toward a major passing offense with QB Ben Roethlisberger and a receiving corps that features vet Hines Ward and young speedsters Mike Wallace, Antonio Brown, and Emmanuel Sanders. The big issue is the offensive line, which has an elite young center in Maurkice Pouncey but a lack of premium talent elsewhere. That hasn't stopped the Steelers before, but we keep waiting for the shoe to drop. Still, the Steelers are ready to make a run yet again.
8 – Tampa Bay Buccaneers – No team in the NFL depends on youngsters more than the Bucs do, but Tampa Bay is blessed to have a ton of talented and productive youngsters who can lead the team to prominence. Foremost among them is QB Josh Freeman, who has the game and the mindset to be a superstar. His crew – RB LaGarrette Blount and WRs Mike Williams and Arrelious Benn – will grow with him. Those baby Bucs got the offense going last year; this offseason, the team added youth on defense with rookies at defensive end in Adrian Clayborn and DaQuan Bowers and at middle linebacker in Mason Foster who will start or play key roles. CB Aqib Talib gets in trouble off the field, but on the field he's an elite corner, and DT Gerald McCoy returns to the field after an injury halted his rookie season. The Bucs will only make the playoffs if their youngsters continue to develop, but we see that happening. Freeman and company are headed to the playoffs in 2011.
8 (con't) – Atlanta Falcons – The Falcons are going for broke in 2011 after an offseason designed to add pieces that put them over the top. Rookie wide receiver Julio Jones is supposed to add breakaway ability that will keep opponents from keying on Roddy White. If that happens, QB Matt Ryan will have his best group of targets ever. The offensive line kept two key free agents in Tyson Clabo and Justin Blalock, which should allow the running game of Michael Turner and company to continue to thrive. The defense added pass rusher Ray Edwards to pair with John Abraham. The Falcons also have terrific players entering their primes in MLB Curtis Lofton and CB Brent Grimes. Atlanta is loaded; the problem is that the NFC South is loaded as well. So winning the division is no sure thing, but a third playoff berth in four years should be.
8 (con't) – Baltimore Ravens – A month ago, we were ready to write off the Ravens and predict them to miss the playoffs. But the Ravens have added some key veterans in WR Lee Evans, C Andre Gurode, and OT Bryant McKinnie who will help shore up trouble spots on offense. Those additions should allow QB Joe Flacco, RB Ray Rice, and WR Anquan Boldin to do their jobs without too much undue pressure. It's time for Flacco to step up and lead a prolific offense, not just a decent one. On defense, the Ravens have premium players in DE Haloti Ngata, OLB Terrell Suggs, ILB Ray Lewis, and S Ed Reed, but they need better play from the players around them. The pass rush flagged last year, and cornerback is a question mark unless guys like Cary Williams and rookie Jimmy Smith step up. The Ravens have the talent to make a postseason run if they can get into the playoffs, and that's exactly what we expect them to do.
8 (con't) – San Diego Chargers – The Chargers were No. 1 in the league in offense and in defense last season, but the special teams were so horrific that it cost them games and ultimately a playoff berth. Even is San Diego fixes those units only a little bit, they're going to be in the mix. The Bolts have an electric offense led by QB Philip Rivers, and this time around WR Vincent Jackson and OLT Marcus McNeill will be around from Week One. If Antonio Gates stays healthy, the offense will be at full capacity. RB Ryan Mathews was a disappointment as a rookie, but Mike Tolbert was a nice surprise, and that duo will get the job done. On defense, the Chargers don't have the superstars they once did, and losing ILB Kevin Burnett hurts, but there's enough talent around to more than get the job done. The Chargers need to avoid a slow start and a special-teams implosion, but if they do they should cruise in the AFC West and threaten for the conference title.
7 – New Orleans Saints – The Saints defended their Super Bowl title with a wild-card berth and a disappointing playoff loss in Seattle last year. The offense, led by Drew Brees, was prolific, but it turned the ball over far too often. The running game will look different this year with Reggie Bush gone and rookie Mark Ingram in place, but the Saints still have a versatile group of backs and receivers that will give Brees options. On defense, the Saints rebuilt their defensive line, and they have a nice crew of young defensive backs led by free safety Malcolm Jenkins. But the linebacker crew is far from impressive, and the Saints have to prove they can stop opponents and not just create turnovers. New Orleans will be dangerous and could beat anyone in the league, but we are getting a sniff of inconsistency that will have the Saints falling to 9-7 and third place in the NFC South.
7 (con't) – New York Jets – The Jets are a hard team to figure, because they barely sneak into the playoffs and then make a run once they get there. The high-profile postseason wins can mask some issues with the roster. On defense, the Jets didn't create as much pressure last year, and additions like first-round pick Muhammad Wilkerson aren't enough to fix that. The defense has really good players like ILB David Harris and CBs Darrelle Revis and Antonio Cromartie, but it will have to win by shutting down opponents instead of by creating a bunch of turnovers. Will Rex Ryan really want to play that style? On offense, QB Mark Sanchez shows up in big moments but isn't consistent enough, and losing WRs Braylon Edwards, Jerricho Cotchery, and Brad Smith (replaced by Plaxico Burress and Derrick Mason) doesn't help. Keeping Santonio Holmes was vital, because he can be a No. 1 wideout for Gang Green. The offensive line lost another veteran in the retired Damien Woody as well. It will be a hard slog for the Jets to get to the postseason, but based on their track record, we expect them to sneak in under the wire.
7 (con't) – Kansas City Chiefs – The Chiefs are building something good in Kansas City, but last year's division title doesn't mean that they're on the road toward the elite just yet. With offensive coordinator Charlie Weis gone, K.C. needs QB Matt Cassel to continue his ascent. He had a fine season last year, as did WR Dwayne Bowe. The Chiefs add WR Steve Breaston but lost emerging TE Tony Moeaki for the season. The running game will be strong with Jamaal Charles, Thomas Jones, and addition LeRon McClain, and the offensive line gets help from Jared Gaither. On defense, the Chiefs have a top-flight pass rusher in Tamba Hali, and rookie Justin Houston could emerge on the opposite side. And CBs Brandon Carr and Brandon Flowers do a good job, while S Eric Berry had a strong rookie year. The Chiefs are building something, but they're not as talented as the Chargers and will slip down the standings a bit this year.
6 – Chicago Bears – The Bears improbably claimed the NFC North title last year, although their rivals to the north beat them in the NFC title game. Still, it was a promising performance for a team that has talent as well as holes. QB Jay Cutler drew criticism for going on in the conference championship game with a knee injury, but he took a beating all year and still produced. His receiving corps isn't great, but he has a top back in Matt Forte. The problem is the offensive line, which was awful in the first half of the season but a little better in the second half. On defense, the Bears got a great performance from Julius Peppers in his first year with the team, and his presence unleashed Israel Idonije on the other side. LBs Brian Urlacher and Lance Briggs are veterans who still produce, as is CB Charles Tillman. The Bears' window is closing on defense, because so many key players have been around a while, but it should be enough to keep the Bears in playoff contention in 2011. They won't beat the Packers this year, but a 9-7 wild card is still on the table.
6 (con't) – St. Louis Rams – Under head coach Steve Spagnuolo, the Rams have done a good job of rebuilding from the lowest of lows earlier this decade. The centerpiece of that rebuilding process is QB Sam Bradford, who had a solid rookie season and showed the potential to be great. Bradford now gets to work with offensive coordinator Josh McDaniels, who should be able to maximize Bradford's talents. The Rams have depth but not stars at wide receiver, but youngsters like WRs Danny Amendola and Brandon Gibson, and rookie TE Lance Kendricks are emerging. As they do, proven RB Steven Jackson continues to pile up yards behind an offensive line that has gotten a lot better with additions like 2010 rookie OLT Rodger Saffold and 2011 signee OG Harvey Dahl. On defense, the Rams finally got a breakout season from DE Chris Long, and MLB James Laurinaitis has proven to be a productive force. The secondary lags a little behind, but if the Rams can create enough pressure it should be enough. The Rams aren't great, but they're better and deeper than any other team in the NFC West and should claim the division this year after falling just short in 2010.
6 (con't) – Washington Redskins – The Redskins have done some good things this offseason, but all the momentum has been covered up by the quarterback conundrum between Rex Grossman and John Beck. Grossman is getting the call to start the season. He'll have a running game based around Tim Hightower, who fits the offensive system head coach Mike Shanahan wants to play. The offensive line is not the typical Shanahan unit, however. On defense, the Redskins have added several key pieces and should be even better than last year's surprisingly solid group. Even with the quarterback play, the Redskins are a sleeper playoff team.
6 (con't) – Dallas Cowboys – Last year was a disaster for the Cowboys, who stumbled to such a terrible start that Wade Phillips got the boot. The team rebounded a bit under Jason Garrett, and now Garrett must prove that he can get the job done from day one. He'll have Tony Romo this time around, as the quarterback returns from injury. With Romo, TE Jason Witten, and WRs Dez Bryant and Miles Austin, the Cowboys are strong at the skill positions, but changes on of the offensive line could be a problem. On defense, the Cowboys bring in coordinator Rob Ryan and his aggressive ways. That should allow OLBs DeMarcus Ware and Anthony Spencer to excel; the question is whether the secondary is strong enough to keep opponents at bay. The Cowboys won't be a disaster, but there are enough questions that they'll big in a dogfight to get past 8-8.
6 (con't) – Miami Dolphins – The Dolphins are flying (swimming?) under the radar as the season begins, but they are an interesting team. On offense, Reggie Bush adds a dynamic element to the offense, and Brandon Marshall seems to be getting off-field help that could help him produce on the field. None of that will matter, though, unless QB Chad Henne improves on his 2010 performance. Henne's preseason performance was encouraging, but he's at the prove-it point of his career. The offensive line has a standout in OLT Jake Long, but things over the rest of the line have been turned over. Relying on Henne and Bush is risky, but both have talent. On defense, the Dolphins are getting better and better. OLB Cameron Wake and NT Paul Soliai emerged as keystones last year, and free-agent signee ILB Kevin Burnett adds a new element beside Karlos Dansby. And as young CBs Vontae Davis and Sean Smith mature, the defense will be scary. The division is tough, but the Dolphins have a shot – if the Bush and Henne gambles pay off.
6 (con't) – Jacksonville Jaguars – We covered the Jaguars in this season preview – and then the Jaguars cut QB David Garrard. Still, in an AFC South division that could be won at 9-7, we believe the Jaguars can edge out the Texans and Colts to win the division.
6 (con't) – Houston Texans – The Texans have to believe their time is now. The Colts are in injury limbo, and the Texans made aggressive moves to upgrade the defense by adding CB Johnathan Joseph, S Danieal Manning, DE J.J. Watt, and OLB Brooks Reed. New coordinator Wade Phillips has had good results in the past, but his system doesn't match his best player, Mario Williams. If Phillips can put Williams to best use, the defense will work, but we'll have to see it to believe it. On offense, the Texans will still be prolific thanks to QB Matt Schaub, WR Andre Johnson, and RB Arian Foster. But if the season comes down to shootout after shootout, we see the Texans falling short too often. The conventional wisdom has the Texans making the playoffs finally, but we don't see it.
5 – Detroit Lions – The Lions are on the way up. Now the question is whether the next move forward is a step or a leap. We lean toward the step side, picturing the Lions as an 8-8 team but not a playoff squad. There's plenty to like in Detroit: DT Ndamukong Suh wreaking havoc, QB Matthew Stafford throwing deep to WR Calvin Johnson, and the electric play of RB Jahvid Best. But the injury issues that Stafford and Best have had in the past – and that rookie DT Nick Fairley has now – have to bride enthusiasm a bit. So does the state of the secondary, which still needs upgrades at cornerback. The Lions have gone from awful to competitive under head coach Jim Schwartz, but it's not time yet for them to break through.
5 (con't) – New York Giants – No team has been hit harder by injuries this preseason than the Giants, who lost starters CB Terrell Thomas and LB Jonathan Goff, along with four key defensive backups, all for the season. That leaves a defense that has big-time pass rushers in Justin Tuck and Jason Pierre-Paul with big deficits behind the strong front line. On offense, QB Eli Manning must overcome his turnover problems from 2010. He did make a ton of big plays, many to emerging star Hakeem Nicks, but losing Steve Smith and Kevin Boss in free agency hurts. And the offensive line, such a constant during most of the Tom Coughlin era, is getting a complete overhaul. This feels like a step back year for the Giants. They could easily fall into fourth in the always tough NFC East.
5 (con't) – Indianapolis Colts – This is the year that the Colts' playoff streak finally ends – and not just because of QB Peyton Manning's injury problems. Manning had covered over a variety of faults for the Colts – a sorry offensive line, average running backs, and injury-plagued wide receivers. So while Reggie Wayne, Dallas Clark, Pierre Garcon, and Austin Collie have talent, it's hard to see the Colts taking full advantage, at least until Manning gets back to 100 percent. And on defense, while pass-rushing DEs Dwight Freeney and Robert Mathis can create havoc, they aren't shut down players. It's hard to see the Colts' D holding up when the offense isn't staking it to a lead. A fall is coming – the question is whether it will be a slip out of the playoffs or a massive collapse for the Colts. The horseshoe ain't going to be lucky this year.
5 (con't) – Oakland Raiders – The Raiders went through a lot of change this offseason, installing Hue Jackson as head coach and and losing high-profile CB Nnamdi Asomugha. But Oakland is still talented. The defense has impact players in OLB Kamerion Wimbley, DT Richard Seymour, and CB Stanford Routt, and that will keep them in games. And the running game led by Darren McFadden and Michael Bush was shockingly strong last year. QB Jason Campbell lost one of his best targets in TE Zach Miller, and while Kevin Boss is a solid starter, he's a downgrade. So is the loss of OG Robert Gallery on an offensive line that is big and strong but inexperienced. Oakland will need young receivers like Jacoby Ford to continue to emerge for Campbell, and it's fair to expect some inconsistency there. The Raiders won't fall apart, but they lost a bit too much to match last year's 8-win total or AFC West sweep.
4 – Arizona Cardinals – The Cardinals were doomed in 2010 by horrific QB play, so paying a high price to add Kevin Kolb should make a big difference. Kolb is good enough to get the ball to Larry Fitzgerald, who remains one of the best wideouts in the league. Arizona will need someone, maybe TE addition Todd Heap or breakout WR candidate Andre Roberts, to emerge as enough of a threat to take some coverage away from Fitzgerald. The running game is a question mark because of trades and injuries, so Beanie Wells and Chester Taylor need to step up. That won't be easy behind a mediocre offensive line. On defense, the Cards need FS Adrian Wilson to return to prominence as rookie CB Patrick Peterson and second-year ILB Daryl Washington emerge as forces. The Cards will be better, thanks mostly to the upgrade Kolb provides, but that won't be enough for a playoff run.
4 (con't) – Cleveland Browns – The Browns are in the midst of a rebuilding project, but the progress thus far has been pretty good. QB Colt McCoy may never be a Pro Bowler, but he should emerge as a solid starter in the West Coast style of offense GM Mike Holmgren and head coach Pat Shurmur will use. His group of receivers is young, but rookie WR Greg Little and TE Evan Moore could be major factors. The Browns are in good shape up front thanks to OT Joe Thomas and C Alex Mack, and RB Peyton Hillis provides a physical running game. On defense, the Browns are quite young, but they had a great find in CB Joe Haden last year, and they hope fellow youngsters like DE Jabaal Sherad and SS T.J. Ward also develop into stars. The Browns probably need one more draft and free agency cycle to truly move into contender-dom, but they should make a run toward respectability this season.
3 – Minnesota Vikings – The Vikings are just over a year away from playing into overtime in the NFC championship game, but the decline has been steep. Now the Vikes have a beaten up offensive line, an aging defensive line, and a placeholder at quarterback. Donovan McNabb is a star when it comes to Q-rating, but his play on the field is no longer at that level. He's just taking snaps until rookie Christian Ponder is ready. Neither quarterback will have great targets aside from Percy Harvin. At least Adrian Peterson remains one of the league's elite running backs. But Peterson will struggle to keep this crew in games, not to mention ahead. On defense, DE Jared Allen's play fell off last year, and DT Kevin Williams will miss the first two games of the year. Now the Vikings need to recenter their defense around LBs Chad Greenway and E.J. Henderson. Leslie Frazier is a good coach, but there's a reason this team fell apart on Brad Childress last year. The window has closed.
3 (con't) – Buffalo Bills – We covered the Bills in depth in this post.
3 (con't) – Denver Broncos – The Broncos, under new head coach John Fox, should be more competitive than last year. QB Kyle Orton has proven to be effective if not always dynamic. He developed a terrific rapport with Brandon Lloyd last year, but can Lloyd repeat his breakout season without Josh McDaniels? He needs to, because the rest of the receiving corps is thin. At running back, Fox can use both Knowshon Moreno and Willis McGahee. The offensive line has a premium left tackle in Ryan Clady but not much else. On defense, Elvis Dumervil returns, and rookie Von Miller comes to time, but neither player is a hand-in-glove fit for Fox's 4-3. Defensive tackle is a trouble spot. In the secondary, vets S Brian Dawkins and CB Champ Bailey need to continue a solid level of play. The Broncos need a rebuild after the disastrous McDaniels draft results, and this year will show just how far they have to go.
2 – Carolina Panthers – We previewed the Panthers in depth in this post.
2 (con't) – Seattle Seahawks – We previewed the Seahawks in depth in this post.
2 (con't) – Cincinnati Bengals – It's good news, bad news for the Bengals. They have some good young receivers in A.J. Green, Jordan Shipley, Jermaine Gresham, and Jerome Simpson. But the offensive line is no great shakes, especially with Bobbie Williams suspended for the first four games of the season, and it could cause trouble. Rookie QB Andy Dalton was good in college, but we don't know if he has the skills to succeed at the NFL level – especially once defenses throw the kitchen sink at him. On defense, the Bengals lost CB Johnathan Joseph, but they still have Leon Hall, who's an elite player at that position. But the pass rush doesn't generate enough pressure, and the linebacker play has been up and down. If the defense can come together, the Bengals could approach 8-8, but we see 4-12 as a more likely outcome.
1 – San Francisco 49ers – The 49ers, under new head coach Jim Harbaugh, have a few stars but lack talent in too many key areas. It starts at quarterback, where Alex Smith gets another chance despite a lack of results. Smith has a very good running back in Frank Gore and talented targets in WRs Braylon Edwards and Michael Crabtree and TE Vernon Davis, but the whole is less than the sum of the parts. And the offensive line, despite some high draft picks, struggled throughout the preseason. On defense, ILB Patrick Willis remains a superstar, but the talent around him is worse than last year, unless rookie OLB Aldon Smith is more ready to play than most expect. Harbaugh has a steep challenge in front of him, because the 49ers are among the league's worst teams. They may steal some wins in the weak NFC West, but this franchise is at the bottom.
1 (con't) – Tennessee Titans – The Titans are in major flux, and we don't see many signs of hope, but at least they kept RB Chris Johnson in town. He's joined by veteran QB Matt Hasselbeck, who will play until rookie Jake Locker is ready. The offensive line is still OK, and that should allow the running game to keep producing. And in WR Kenny Britt and TE Jared Cook, the Titans have talented receivers. But on defense, the Titans have lost a ton of key players, and aside from CB Cortland Finnegan and S Michael Griffin won't be starting anyone you'd recognize. It's hard to see the Titans shutting down many teams, even in the declining AFC South.
Tagged as a.j. green, aaron hernandez, aaron rodgers, adrian clayborn, adrian peterson, adrian wilson, aldon smith, alex mack, alex smith, andre gurode, andre johnson, andre roberts, andy dalton, anquan boldin, anthony spencer, antonio brown, antonio cromartie, antonio gates, aqib talib, arian foster, arizona cardinals, arrelious benn, atlanta falcons, austin collie, b.j. raji, baltimore ravens, beanie wells, ben roethlisberger, bobbie williams, brad childress, brad smith, brandon carr, brandon flowers, brandon gibson, brandon lloyd, brandon marshall, braylon edwards, brent grimes, brian dawkins, brian urlacher, brooks reed, bryan bulaga, bryant mckinnie, buffalo bills, calvin johnson, cameron wake, carolina panthers, cary williams, casey hampton, chad greenway, chad henne, champ bailey, charles tillman, charles woodson, charlie weis, chester taylor, chicago bears, chris johnson, chris long, christian ponder, cincinnati bengals, clay matthews, cleveland browns, colt mccoy, cortland finnegan, curtis lofton, da'quan bowers, dallas clark, dallas cowboys, damien woody, danieal manning, danny amendola, darrelle revis, darren mcfadden, daryl washington, david garrard, david harris, demarcus ware, denver broncos, derek sherrod, derrick mason, desean jackson, detroit lions, devin mccourty, dez bryant, donovan mcnabb, drew brees, dwayne bowe, dwight freeney, e.j. henderson, ed reed, eli manning, elvis dumervil, emmanuel sanders, eric berry, evan moore, Football Relativity, frank gore, gerald mccoy, green bay packers, greg jennings, greg little, hakeem nicks, haloti ngata, harvey dahl, hines ward, houston texans, hue jackson, ike taylor, indianapolis colts, israel idonije, j.j. watt, jabaal sherad, jacksonville jaguars, jacoby ford, jake locker, jake long, jamaal charles, james harrison, james laurinaitis, jared allen, jared cook, jared gaither, jason campbell, jason garrett, jason pierre-paul, jason witten, jay cutler, jermaine gresham, jermichael finley, jerod mayo, jerome simpson, jerricho cotchery, jim harbaugh, jim schwartz, jimmy smith, joe flacco, joe haden, joe thomas, john abraham, john beck, john fox, johnathan joseph, jonathan goff, jordan shipley, josh freeman, josh mcdaniels, julio jones, julius peppers, justin blalock, justin houston, justin tuck, kamerion wimbley, kansas city chiefs, karlos dansby, kenny britt, kevin boss, kevin burnett, kevin kolb, kevin williams, knowshon moreno, kyle orton, lagarrette blount, lamarr woodley, lance briggs, lance kendricks, larry fitzgerald, lawrence timmons, lee evans, leon hall, leron mcclain, lesean mccoy, leslie frazier, malcolm jenkins, marcus mcneill, mario williams, mark ingram, mark sanchez, mason foster, matt cassel, matt forte, matt hasselbeck, matt schaub, matthew stafford, maurkice pouncey, miami dolphins, michael bush, michael crabtree, michael griffin, michael turner, michael vick, mike holmgren, mike shanahan, mike tolbert, mike wallace, mike williams, miles austin, minnesota vikings, muhammad wilkerson, ndamukong suh, new england patriots, new orleans saints, new york giants, new York jets, nick fairley, nnamdi asomugha, oakland raiders, pat shurmur, patrick peterson, patrick willis, paul soliai, percy harvin, peyton hillis, peyton manning, philadelphia eagles, philip rivers, pierre garcon, pittsburgh steelers, plaxico burress, randy moss, ray edwards, ray lewis, ray rice, reggie bush, reggie wayne, rex grossman, Rex ryan, richard seymour, rob gronkowski, rob ryan, robert gallery, robert mathis, roddy white, rodger saffold, ryan clady, ryan grant, ryan mathews, sam bradford, sam shields, san diego chargers, San Francisco 49ers, santonio holmes, sean smith, seattle seahawks, st. louis rams, stanford routt, stevan ridley, steve breaston, steve smith, steve spagnuolo, steven jackson, t.j. ward, tamba hali, tampa bay buccaneers, tennessee titans, terrell suggs, terrell thomas, thomas jones, tim hightower, todd heap, tom brady, tom coughlin, tony moeaki, tony romo, tramon williams, tyson clabo, vernon davis, vince wilfork, vincent jackson, von miller, vontae davis, wade phillips, washington redskins, wes welker, willis mcgahee, zach miller
February 4, 2011 · 1:58 pm
Pick 'em – Super Bowl 45
Ben Roethlisberger vs. Clay Matthews in 2009
It's finally time for us to make our Super Bowl pick. We've already previewed who we think the playmakers will be and played out the storylines. So let's engage in some preja vu and tell you not only who will win but how the game will be won.
*Neither team will be able to run the ball all that well with their running backs. We see Rashard Mendenhall fighting for 55 yards or so on like 17 carries, and we suspect Aaron Rodgers may outrush any Packers back – James Starks, Brandon Jackson, John Kuhn, and company. The running game is not going to be what decides the game.
*A huge question is whether either offensive line can effectively block their opponents. The Packers' line isn't great, and rookie right tackle Bryan Bulaga has given up his fair share of sacks this season. So we believe James Harrison and Lamarr Woodley will get a few hits in on Rodgers. But we have the same doubts that the Steelers can block Clay Matthews coming off the corner as well as B.J. Raji and Cullen Jenkins inside. The Maurkice Pouncey injury really hurts the Steelers here, because the Pack's playmaking interior players will be troublesome throughout the game. Still, though, since both teams can create pressure, the big plays out of the pass rushes should basically even out.
*So where do we find a big advantage? It's in coverage. The Packers have three terrific cornerbacks in Charles Woodson, Tramon Williams, and Sam Shields, and Shields' emergence will be a key in keeping Mike Wallace from breaking free deep in the secondary. We believe the Packers can keep Ben Roethlisberger and company from throwing the ball all over the place. But we don't have the same confidence about the Steelers. Troy Polamalu is a great player, but he's better freelancing than in coverage, and the Packers can force Polamalu into coverage by using a four-wide receiver set. Ike Taylor can be trouble blitzing off the corner, but he's not an elite cover corner either. The same is true from Bryant McFadden. We just see Greg Jennings, Donald Driver, James Jones, and Jordy Nelson breaking free more than once. If the Packers can keep the Steelers blocked for the most part, or if Rodgers can keep the chains moving with his legs when pressured, then Green Bay will eventually beat the Steelers through the air. And that's where the game will be won.
So our pick is Green Bay 28, Pittsburgh 24
Conference championships: 2-0 both straight up and against the spread
Playoffs: 5-5 both straight up and against the spread
Filed under Football Relativity, NFL games, NFL playoffs, outlandish prediction, preja vu, Super Bowl
Tagged as aaron rodgers, b.j. raji, ben roethlisberger, brandon jackson, bryan bulaga, bryant mcfadden, charles woodson, clay matthews, cullen jenkins, donald driver, Football Relativity, green bay packers, greg jennings, ike taylor, james harrison, james jones, james starks, john kuhn, jordy nelson, lamarr woodley, maurkice pouncey, mike wallace, NFL games, NFL picks, NFL playoffs, NFL postseason, pittsburgh steelers, rashard mendenhall, sam shields, Super Bowl, Super Bowl 45, tramon williams, troy polamalu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are Indiana Gratings Inc.
The mission of Indiana Gratings Inc. is to be recognized as the premier gratings supplier in the industry for the Midwest and Southeastern United States and to be the benchmark others strive to achieve. We, as a team, are committed to meet the agreed upon requirements of our customers by measuring and improving our work processes.
Indiana Gratings, Inc. is located in Martinsville, Indiana with over 35,000 square feet of manufacturing area. It is a financially strong; family owned company with the majority being women owned, and currently seeking certification.
CONTACT ONE OF OUR TECHNICAL ADVISORS.


EL MONTE – An El Monte police chase ended in Temple City with three officers shooting and critically wounding a theft suspect after he allegedly drove his truck toward one of them Monday night.
The wounded suspect later crashed into a house.
Deputies said a passenger of the dually truck got out of the vehicle and was arrested before officers shot the driver. The shooting occurred at 9:30 p.m. on Arden Drive at Freer Street in Temple City.
Sheriff's Homicide Lt. Eduardo Hernandez said the driver was shot several times in the upper torso and remained in critical condition Tuesday at Los Angeles County USC Medical Center.
The suspect is still unidentified. Hernandez said police haven't been able to talk to the man.
The incident started shortly after 9 p.m. Monday when El Monte police got a call about a vehicle tampering in the 11300 block of Frankmont Street. The caller said a U-Haul truck was being unloaded.
"They were taking parts from a stolen U-Haul," Hernandez said, adding the U-Haul truck was stolen in Arizona.
The suspects spotted the El Monte Police helicopter as it circled the area. They then took off in a dually truck. A patrol unit saw the truck and tried to pull it over but the driver didn't stop.
Deputies said the chase ended when the suspect drove onto Freer Street, which is a cul de sac. The passenger got out and was taken into custody.
The driver allegedly turned and drove "at a high rate of speed" toward the officer who initiated the pursuit, deputies said.
"Fearing for his safety, the officer fired several rounds from his duty weapon at the vehicle charging him. Two additional officers, fearing for the safety of the first officer, fired several rounds from their duty weapons at the suspect," according to a statement from the sheriff's department.
The suspect's truck crashed into a house on the corner of Arden Drive and Freer Street. No one in the home was injured. Hernandez said.
The second suspect, 20-year-old Dennis Day, was arrested on suspicion of vehicle tampering, vehicle burglary and receiving stolen property.
Day is being held at El Monte jail in lieu of $20,000 bail.
The sheriff's Homicide Bureau is investigating the officer-involved shooting, while El Monte police will be handling the vehicle tampering and burglary case, according to Hernandez.


The Nordic region has traditionally been characterized as a "newspaper region", with high circulation and extensive readership. But digitalisation and globalisation have rapidly changed the media landscape and media use – and challenged the strong position of the Nordic newspaper markets.
This report, Newspapers in the Nordic Media Landscape 2017, aims to map the development of the Nordic newspaper industries over the past two decades, from a comparative perspective. Some of the trends are presented below.
The overall numbers of newspapers in the Nordic countries are rather stable. But while the number of titles in Norway has increased since 2000, Finland has experienced the highest number of newspapers either closing or merging in the same period.
Source: Newspapers in the Nordic Media Landscape 2017 (Figure 2.2, Tables 1-2).
The number of daily newspapers has decreased in all countries (except Denmark), but this is mainly due to newspapers changing from dailies to non-dailies.
Circulation data indicate significant drops in circulation in all countries. Daily newspapers have been hit harder than non-dailies, and the largest circulation drop is found among the national single-copy-sold tabloids in each country. These have, on average, lost more than half of their circulation since 2000.
Source: Newspapers in the Nordic Media Landscape 2017 (Figure 2.6, Table 5).
On the other hand, the single-copy-sold tabloids are the most successful domestic online newspapers. Newspaper titles also hold the top positions of the domestic online news outlets in all countries, except for Denmark, where the two public service broadcasters rank higher.
The newspapers' digital sales are increasing. In Norway, where the press has been the most successful in transforming print revenues to digital revenues, a fifth of the revenues in 2016 were from digital sales. Looking at advertising sales only, the digital share amounted to a third in both Norway and Sweden, and a fifth in Denmark.
Source: Newspapers in the Nordic Media Landscape 2017 (Figure 3.4, Table 18).
All the same, the newspaper industry's revenue drop since 2010 has been substantial in all countries, and the industry still depends heavily on print revenues.
Total daily newspaper reach is falling. For a long time, 80 per cent of the respective countries' populations read a newspaper on the average day, but by 2016 this had shrunk to just over 70 per cent in Norway and roughly 60-65 per cent in Sweden and Finland (no data for Denmark or Iceland). The Norwegians are the region's most keen online readers, with well over half the population reading a newspaper online daily in 2016.
More information: Newspapers in the Nordic Media Landscape is the 14th publication in Nordicom's Nordic Media Trends series, which documents, describes and analyses development in the media sector from a Nordic perspective. It is also a part of Nordicom's media trends service.


Arcadia Group has lurched further towards a potential CVA after boss Sir Philip Green appointed property advisers to handle talks with landlords.
London-based GCW has been appointed to represent Arcadia during discussions with landlords across its store estate as the retail empire reportedly considers launching a restructuring scheme as early as next month.
Reports also indicated that Green's firm could pursue this restructure in the form of a CVA, although this would need approval from creditors such as landlords and the Pension Protection Fund.
A CVA would allow Arcadia, which owns Topshop, Dorothy Perkins, Evans, Wallis, Burton and Miss Selfridge, to close down stores, make redundancies and seek rent reductions in order to stay afloat.
Other household name retailers to have launched CVAs in the past year include New Look, Mothercare and Carpetright.
A spokesman from Arcadia Group last week confirmed that the company was in the process of "exploring options" but denied it would lead to a significant number of store closures or job losses.
There was also no mention of a CVA.
"Within an exceptionally challenging retail market and given the continued pressures that are specific to the UK high street we are exploring several options to enable the business to operate in a more efficient manner," the spokesman said.
"None of the options being explored involve a significant number of redundancies or store closures.
News of a possible restructure at Arcadia first emerged when Green drafted in advisers from Deloitte earlier this year to produce a review.
The company is understood to have been grappling with challenges on the high street as well as a near-£1 billion pension deficit.
Meanwhile, earlier this week two of the country's biggest property agencies – JLL and CBRE – said they would not cooperate with Green if he launched a CVA of his retail empire.
Never mind the store closures,where is the pensions money?


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HomeFind a LawyerMember Bio
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Matt Singer Law, LLC Founding Member
matt@mattsingerlaw.com
Matt Singer Law, LLC
77 W. Wacker Dr.
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I am licensed to practice law in Illinois
Matt Singer is a successful civil rights litigator and magna cum laude Harvard Law School graduate with a passion for helping his clients navigate the legal system, fight mistreatment by their employers, and seek justice.
Matt has deep experience representing employees at all levels and in all types of industries—including Fortune-500 C-Suite executives and blue collar workers—who have faced discrimination, retaliation, or other illegal conduct in the workplace.
Matt opened his own law practice after working at Stowell & Friedman, Ltd., one of America's foremost plaintiffs' civil rights and employment law firms. At Stowell & Friedman, Matt established a winning track record. He achieved numerous key victories for his clients both in trial court and on appeal. Among many other things, he successfully defeated numerous motions to dismiss and for summary judgment, convincing courts to reject employers' efforts to dispose of claims without a trial. He also served as lead appellate counsel in a case at the Seventh Circuit and won reversal of the dismissal of his client's claims—a complete appellate victory.
Matt's tenacity in the courtroom has enabled him to drive hard bargains at the negotiating table. Matt has achieved excellent settlements, leveraging his ability to write and speak persuasively to convince neutral mediators and even his opposing counsel of the merits of his clients' claims.
While Matt is proud of his successes, he is even more proud of the relationships he has built with his clients. Matt communicates honestly and clearly, breaking through the unnecessary complexity of the legal system and empowering his clients to be informed decision-makers in their cases.
Earlier in his career, Matt was an attorney at Novack and Macey LLP, a Chicago litigation boutique, where he helped clients achieve successful outcomes in various commercial disputes and, in particular, assisted clients challenging onerous non-competition agreements.
Before entering the private practice of law, Matt spent two years as a staff law clerk at the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which is a federal appeals court one level below the Supreme Court, covering Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana.
Matt has repeatedly been selected by his peers as both an "Emerging Lawyer" and "Rising Star," accolades awarded to only a small percentage of lawyers. While Matt appreciates these recognitions, he is more proud of the work he has done helping his clients and doing his small part to fight systemic injustice and inequality in our society.


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Pelosi Jabs Sinclair Over 'Hate' Question: 'Is That A News Source?'
WASHINGTON, DC - NOVEMBER 21: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) speaks to the media during her weekly press conference at the U.S. Capitol on November 21, 2019 in Washington, DC. Pelosi spoke about her legislative pl... WASHINGTON, DC - NOVEMBER 21: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) speaks to the media during her weekly press conference at the U.S. Capitol on November 21, 2019 in Washington, DC. Pelosi spoke about her legislative plans through the new year and the lack of progress she feels the Senate is making on passing legislation the House has already passed. She then took questions. (Photo by Alex Edelman/Getty Images) MORE LESS
December 6, 2019 8:08 a.m.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) softly jabbed a reporter and the Sinclair Broadcasting Group on Thursday evening after a Sinclair reporter's question about Pelosi hating President Trump got her heated earlier in the day.
During a CNN Town Hall, Jake Tapper asked Pelosi about the exchange — in which Sinclair journalist James Rosen riled Pelosi when he asked if her motivation for impeachment was centered on a hatred for Trump — and Pelosi responded by questioning whether Rosen was a "reporter."
"Was that a reporter? Is that what reporters do?" she asked Tapper, which received laughs from the audience.
"I'm not going to comment on that," Tapper said, "it was a reporter from Sinclair News."
"Ya, Sinclair is that a news source?" Pelosi asked, before calling the word "hate" "really disgusting."
"I'd rather like to think that America is a country that is full of love, whatever we think about what somebody else might believe that might be different from us, that that isn't a reason to dislike somebody. It's a reason to disagree with somebody," she said.
While Sinclair did not return TPM's requests for comment, a spokesperson for the broadcasting group told CNN that Rosen meant "no disrespect" by the question.
"We have reviewed the incident and based on the video, this was clearly not meant to be an inflammatory question and, further, this gave Speaker Pelosi the opportunity to clarify her own views, something that only strengthens positive dialogue," Sinclair spokesperson Ronn Torossian told CNN. "Again, both Sinclair and James Rosen respect Speaker Pelosi and hope we can continue the dialogue."
Rosen responded to TPM's request for comment by pointing to the statement Torossian gave to CNN.
Pelosi mocks Sinclair: Is that a news site? pic.twitter.com/ZJHcU0VzN8
— TPM Livewire (@TPMLiveWire) December 6, 2019
impeachmentNancy PelosiSinclair


hamstring injury sidelined Eric Byrnes.
youth. Reynolds is one of the young guys who figures to get better.
Well, if you want to keep Tracy, then let Reynolds get better in Triple A. He missed that step and it shows.
made a few good plays. But he doesn't have Byrnes' speed or daring.
REYNOLDS LAST YEAR. He had precisely 111 before the All-Star break.
first; and Byrnesie can go back to everyday left fielder.
stealing 27 in 33 attempts in '07, when Byrnesie stole 50 of 57 bases.
32 to 26. '08 No Byrnesie and only 22 homers from Young.
for the likes of Pittsburgh.
bug in a rug come spring.
I've got to go now. More ranting later!


NLSI's LUNAR team is proposing an innovative concept to probe the "Dark Ages" of the Universe with a new space science mission. The Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) Mission would tell us when the first stars formed, when the first accreting black holes formed, and when reionization of the universe began. Scientists think there may be surprising discoveries when they first probe into an age before stars. The science potential is such that in addition to accomplishing the DARE science goals, other research areas –like Dark Matter decay– might also benefit.
DARE will use the highly-redshifted hyperfine 21-cm transition from neutral hydrogen to track the formation of the first luminous objects by their impact on the intergalactic medium during the end of the Dark Ages and during Cosmic Dawn (redshifts z=11–35). It will measure the sky-averaged spin temperature of neutral hydrogen at the unexplored epoch 80-420 million years after the Big Bang, providing the first evidence of the earliest stars and galaxies to illuminate the cosmos and testing our models of galaxy formation.
DARE's approach is to measure the spectral shape of the sky-averaged, redshifted 21-cm signal over a radio bandpass of 40-120 MHz. DARE orbits the Moon for 3 years and takes data above the lunar farside, the only location in the inner solar system proven to be free of human-generated radio frequency interference and any significant ionosphere.
The DARE spacecraft. Credit: Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp.
The science instrument is mounted to a RF quiet spacecraft bus and is composed of a three-element radiometer, including electrically-short, tapered, bi-conical dipole antennas, a receiver, and a digital spectrometer. The smooth frequency response of the antennas and the differential spectral calibration approach used for DARE are effective in removing the intense cosmic foregrounds so that the weak cosmic 21-cm signal can be detected.
Turning Points (A–E) mark the influence of various events on the neutral intergalactic medium, as traced by the 21-cm hydrogen line. DARE constrains the positions of the Turning Points (B, C, D) and provides the first observational constraints on the first generations of galaxies.
The Big Bang produced a hot, dense, nearly homogeneous Universe. As the Universe expanded and cooled, particles, then nuclei, and finally atoms formed. At a redshift of about 1100, equivalent to about 400,000 years after the Big Bang, when the primordial plasma filling the Universe cooled sufficiently for protons and electrons to combine into neutral hydrogen atoms, the Universe became optically thin whereby photons from this early era no longer interacted with matter. We detect these photons today as the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The CMB shows that the Universe was still remarkably smooth and uniform.
After the protons and electrons combined to produce the first hydrogen atoms, the Universe consisted of a nearly uniform, almost completely neutral, intergalactic medium (IGM) for which the dominant matter component was hydrogen gas. With no luminous sources present, these are known as the Dark Ages. Theoretical models predict that, over the next few hundred million years, gravity slowly condensed the gas into denser and denser regions, within which the first stars eventually appeared, marking Cosmic Dawn.
As more stars formed, and the first galaxies assembled, they flooded the Universe with ultraviolet photons capable of ionizing hydrogen gas. A few hundred million years after Cosmic Dawn, the first stars produced enough ultraviolet photons to reionize essentially all the Universe's hydrogen atoms. This Reionization era is the hallmark event of this early generation of galaxies, marking the phase transition of the IGM back to a nearly completely ionized state.
The beginning of structural complexity in the Universe constituted a remarkable transformation, but one that we have not yet investigated observationally. By pushing even farther back than Hubble can see, the truly first structures in the Universe can be studied. Theoretical models suggest that existing measurements are beginning to probe the tail end of Reionization, but the first stars and galaxies – in the Dark Ages and the Cosmic Dawn – currently lie beyond our reach.
DARE will make the first measurements of the birth of the first stars and black holes and will measure the properties of the otherwise invisible stellar populations. Such observations are essential for placing existing measurements in a proper context, and to understand how the first galaxies grew from earlier generations of structures.
The LUNAR team is led by PI Jack Burns from the University of Colorado Boulder, Deputy PI Joseph Lazio from JPL, and includes science team members who first modeled the global radio signal from the Cosmic Dawn, the PI of the ground-based DARE pathfinder (EDGES), and members with extensive flight mission experience. With S. Bale, J. Bowman, R. Bradley, C. Carilli, S. Furlanetto, G. Harker, A. Loeb, and J. Pritchard, the team has decades of experience with centimeter and meter wavelength observations.
For more information about DARE visit the Mission website at http://lunar.colorado.edu/dare.


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This Couple Looks So Much Like Meghan and Harry, It's Kind of Creepy
Olivia Bahou
Olivia Solomon is a New York-based writer and editor who covers all things fashion, lifestyle, celebrity, and pop culture. She was previously the Assistant Digital Editor for InStyle, and her work has appeared in many national publications.
Updated on May 16, 2018 @ 04:00PM
It's a pop culture reporter's worst nightmare: Being closed in upon by dozens of Prince Harrys and Meghan Markles.
But what sounds like a fever dream to any writer who has been covering the royal wedding madness for the past 12 years—er, 6 months—is actually just business as usual in London.
WPA Pool
While Meghan and Harry have been camera shy, their doppelgängers have been parading around the city, looking just like the prince and his bride-to-be. Of the bunch of lookalikes, Rhys Whittock and Immaculada Santisteban Serrano are two individuals who just won a contest for how much they resemble the future duke and duchess.
Matt Alexander/PA Wire
Whittock is from the U.K., and says throughout his childhood, his friends and family remarked that he resembled Prince Harry. But unlike Whittock, Serrano doesn't share a heritage with Markle. While the future royal is American and biracial, Serrano is from Spain.
"To be compared to the bride-to-be is a real honor and I'm flattered that I have been voted as the best double for one of the most famous women in the world," she said in a press release.
The contest was hosted by easyJet and judged by former royal correspondent Duncan Larcombe. Contestants weren't just judged on their resemblance to the couple—they also had to show off their royal wave, romantic wedding proposal, and bridal bouquet throw.
Meghan Markle's List of Bridesmaids Has Finally Been Revealed
Of course, the finalists were flown to London from all over Europe to visit Buckingham Palace and meet (Madame Tussauds' wax figure versions of) the royal couple. The winning duo was awarded a year's worth of flights, so maybe they'll honeymoon like the royals too.
Royals Love This New Zealand Vacation Destination — And We Can See Why
Meghan Markle and Prince Harry Paid a Visit to Oprah's House
Meghan Markle Just Wore Kate Middleton's Go-To Outfit Formula
11 Celebrities Share Their Exact Wedding Lipstick
Everything We Learned During Oprah's Meghan Markle and Prince Harry Interview
Meghan Markle Says Prince Harry Faced "Constant Berating" from the Royal Family About Her Father
Everything to Know About the Royal Family Tree
The Definitive Ranking of the Best, Worst, and Weirdest Celebrity Wax Figures
An Exhaustive Timeline of Kate Middleton and Prince William's Relationship
Why Kate Got Diana's Ring, but Meghan Got Her Watch
11 Surprising Facts About the Most Iconic Royal Tiaras
Prince Harry and Chelsy Davy's Breakup Showed Me Love Doesn't Always Conquer All
Meghan Markle Felt "Emotionally Bruised" After Her Final Royal Engagement, New Biography Claims
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle Spotted Together for the First Time
Olivia Wilde and Tao Ruspoli, Son of the Prince of Cerveteri, Eloped on a School Bus
A Complete Timeline of Beyoncé and Jay-Z's Relationship


I really enjoy this stuff. It has a definite miso hit and the tang of a cheesy, fermented product, but is quite smooth and mild. Google suggests it's best enjoyed in the style of a nice cheese, and that's the way I've been having it - gently smeared on a water cracker or toasts. I suspect it has other uses too -maybe smeared on a banh mi as the pate, or seared like a block of foie gras? With a block of Vegusto or A Vegan Smiles cheese, some fruit and some crackers, you'd have a perfect vegan cheese plate. The flavours can be tweaked by using different miso pastes so the idea has plenty of room for experimentation - I know I'll be making more with darker misos, as well as playing with extending the curing time.
300g block tofu. Anywhere from soft to hard can work - firmer tofus will take longer but have a more interesting flavour. I chose this Momen Tofu from Woolworths and found it worked well - I wouldn't go a very spongy, dry tofu, but other than that, whatever you have.
Mix marinade together in a bowl until well combined.
Press your block of tofu gently for a couple of hours to remove excess moisture. Wrap it in one layer of muslin, then smear your marinade on thickly until it is completely covering the fabric. I found that I needed to pat it on rather than smear. For ease of handling, if you like, wrap another light layer of muslin around the outside, Line a Tupperware container with paper towels and pop in your tofu block. Cover it with more paper towels, seal and let sit in the fridge for 2 months, changing the paper towels when they become wet. To read more of the science about it, head to Rau Om's blog.
I love miso too - this sounds really cool!
It's fascinating! Even if you discount the food bit, the science behind it is interesting. Well worth a play!


President Putin's KGB roots have sadly informed a style of governance that is neither reformist nor particularly democratic. The common thread throughout his domestic and foreign policies is his effort to trade on fear — the fears of Russians that their country is under attack from hostile external forces (Chechens, NATO or free marketeers); and the fears of Westerners that if not for a strong, pragmatic leader, Russia will again become unruly, unstable and potentially aggressive. Instead of beating down the real hostile forces in Russia — corruption, ignorance, a bloated state — Mr. Putin cleverly changes the rules of the game.
THINGS THE WMSM WON'T TELL YOU. "The only developed countries where birth rates remain higher than Russia's are Australia, New Zealand, and Iceland." Not, of course that mere facts slow down the anti-Russia propagandists: "Fertility rates in Russia are falling, and Russia's population is in decline…" (last June) but, then, the Russia they rail against exists mostly in their imaginations.
ECONOMIST. The latest "A hollow superpower" will give as good a laugh in a few years as this prediction from 2012: "The beginning of the end of Putin". Don't know why people bother to renew their subscription: it's not as if anything it says changes year by year.
ECONOMY. In February the industrial production index grew 1% year on year; first growth in a year.
OIL. The major oil producers are supposed to meet next month to discuss production freezes.
CRIMEA. In honour of the second anniversary of Crimea's return to Russia we have this from the WaPo: "Crimea's 'new normal' of repression". Not even their readers believe it: the most liked comment is "On the whole, this editorial is another spiteful, propagandistic and manipulative propaganda piece." Here are a number of Western opinion polls showing widespread, and growing, enthusiasm there.
SYRIA. Increasingly incoherent Washington spokesman says Syrians can make any decision they want as long as it's the right one. The ceasefire seems to be holding reasonably well and Syrian forces continue to gain ground. Russian special forces were there (no surprise: probably still are). Should have listened to Russia in 2012, says the former Special Envoy to Syria. This makes me wonder if there's any truth in this. RT crew claims to have found documents on Daesh-Turkey oil trade. My take: "Another Lesson from Moscow Washington Won't Learn".
LESIN. Transpires not a heart attack after all but likely murder. FBI dunnit. Putindunnit. (Of course Putin would wait until he got to Washington to kill him rather than an easy hit in Moscow. Probably.) Perhaps we'll find out some day.
FOOD. Good report from an intelligent observer on situation in St Petersburg.
I WAS WRONG. On who today's poster child of Russian horribleness is; a new meme is born. I can't be bothered researching it.
LIES. The truth dribbles out. "The Big Lie About the Libyan War". "Secret cables from the United States embassy in Beijing have shown there was no bloodshed inside Tiananmen Square". "A 2006 cable from US Ambassador to Syria William Roebuck discussed 'potential vulnerabilities' of the Assad administration and the 'possible means to exploit them'." All that hype about Syria was actually about Israel and Iran. CIA was in Afghanistan before the Soviets entered. All that hype about Libya? don't forget Qaddafi's gold. Veterans Today permits itself a victory lap for getting Ghouta right. But don't worry: everything you read today is true.
WESTERN VALUES™. The (new) US general says "I grieve with you" over the destruction of the Kunduz hospital. Newest story, replacing the old and newer, by the way: "targeting sensors experienced a glitch". Apparently, you can't see a lit-up hospital from a circling C-130.
OOPS. According to the Electoral Integrity Project, the USA ranks 47th in the world for quality of elections. Bit of schadenfreude for the country that is so quick to judge other elections.
DOCUMENTARY ON UKRAINE. "Ukraine, les masques de la révolution" here with English sub titles and background. The author started out believing all the "revolution of dignity" "European civilisational choice" stuff but found it rather different when he got there.
NEXT YEAR WILL BE BETTER. "We continue to believe that 2016 can and should be the year that Ukraine breaks free from the unholy alliance of dirty money and dirty politics that has ripped off Ukrainians for far too long" – Nuland. Or not: "Catastrophe has no end in sight" – Jim Rogers.
NUCLEAR UKRAINE. A reminder that things can still get a lot worse. Here's a report claiming that Kiev has taken many of the radioactive vehicles left at Chernobyl and re-used them or melted them down. Ukraine nuclear engineers write protest letter about dangerous orders. And there's already the concern about US-supplied fuel. Other worries have appeared in the past. There are a lot of reactors in Ukraine.
First of all, the policy that is being pursued in our country is the policy not of yesterday, but of the day before yesterday. It is linked to the nostalgia of very many people in our country for the Soviet stagnation and for the Soviet traditions.
We witness a traditional policy, a return to old habits such as renunciation of freedom of expression, renunciation of all freedom, renunciation of such values as non-use of the army in internal conflicts, renunciation of personal initiative and of outspokenness; an expectation that benefits are about to be distributed from above. This is the way the majority of citizens feel. And this is the main feature of the past year. The policy of our authorities and the President have pursued this year tends to bring back the mentality of the day before yesterday.
When the announcement of a partial withdrawal was made I was as surprised as anyone. I thought: Daesh is not been defeated, the threat of Ankara doing something extraordinary has not disappeared, the Syrian Army still needs air support to liberate other parts of the country, I can't believe that Putin trusts either Washington's promises or its ability to fulfil them. I then went on the Presidential website and found this: "In this context, Mr Putin said that Russia's Armed Forces have fulfilled their main mission in Syria and a timetable for the withdrawal of the Aerospace Forces' main air grouping has been agreed." A timetable is not the same as withdrawal, I thought. But then it transpired that aircraft were in fact leaving and the formal meeting of Putin, Shoygu and Lavrov was published. So, think again: the schedule was for the present and not the future.
I think we now know three things. 1) Not all the Russian aircraft are leaving, in fact large-scale strikes against Daesh positions near Palmyra occurred yesterday. 2) Strikes are possible from outside Syria. We have seen the use of long-range aviation from Russia and cruise missiles from the Caspian and Mediterranean. 3) Russian aircraft can be moved back in under 24 hours if needed.
At the beginning of the operation, the strategic purposes were laid out. 1) To shore up government power lest a vacuum be formed that Daesh would occupy (vide the US-NATO disasters in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya). 2) To create the possibility for meaningful negotiations on Syria's future. 3) To reverse Daesh's record of constant expansion and victory. 4) To kill as many jihadists originating from Russia and the FUSSR as possible so they don't come home. Other benefits, like exposing the hollowness of the "isolated" and "powerless" Russia memes, showing off and testing weapons systems were present; they were not, however, as important as Western commentators thought they were.
From an operational perspective, there were four tasks. 1) To secure the airbase and freedom of operation (an issue complicated but not derailed when Turkey ambushed a Russian aircraft). 2) To degrade Daesh's infrastructure by destroying troop concentrations, headquarters, arms dumps and, especially, crippling its cash cow, the oil trade. 3) To provide close air support to Syrian and allied forces. 4) To re-equip and train Syrian forces.
It is quite true that "The objective set before the Defence Ministry and the Armed Forces is generally fulfilled" . Задача, поставленная перед Министерством обороны и Вооружёнными Силами, в целом выполнена. Not all of it, but most of it. Strategically: the Syrian government is much more secure; negotiations are underway together with a ceasefire; Daesh is in reverse; many jihadists will not be coming home. Operationally: the bases are secure; Daesh's infrastructure and oil business have been severely degraded; close air support continues and will for some time. "Generally fulfilled" indeed. Or, as NATO says, in private, "efficient and accurate".
And, should the situation on the ground be reversed, Russian airpower can return in hours.
This is the third time Moscow has shown Washington how to use armed force. It is never something to be used alone, it must always be part of a complete package. We saw this in the second Chechen war, in the Ossetian war and now in Syria. Bayonets are useful for many things, but not for sleeping on. However, it is unlikely that Washington will learn anything: the alcoholic binge of more violence to solve the problems the violence created is too well entrenched. In fact, they can't understand, as Fort Rus points out, that to more thoughtful planners "withdrawal" is not a candy-coating of "defeat".
It's because a funny thing happened along the way in the development of US foreign policy lingo. The term 'defeat' was replaced with the term 'withdrawal'. This happened as a result of needing to soft-sell major defeats like Vietnam or Iraq. Defeats were re-branded as 'withdrawals', even though in doing so, the term withdrawal was forever changed into a synonym for defeat, and a lack of resolve.
Many Western responses are amusing. Here Chatham House fearlessly demolishes a straw horse: 3. 'Mission accomplished' is a bit of a stretch… 4. Nonetheless, the intervention has achieved several key Russian objectives. Of course Putin didn't say "mission accomplished"; this contortionist invents it so he can pretend that he failed.
Some are just incoherent: "Moscow is thus is committed to 'monitoring' the very agreement that it's been opportunistically breaching…".
President Putin's announcement that he is pulling back from Syria should not have come as a big surprise. He believes he has met most of his goals there—many of which have nothing to do with Syria itself. Russia has found a way back to the table where the world's board of directors sits and resolves regional conflicts together.
This time, Vladimir Putin did not need to pretend too hard when he announced that a mission was accomplished.
On the Russian domestic scene, which some experts had considered the main reason for Russia to get involved, interest in Syria had begun to wane among the home television audience. The pictures of silver rockets in a blue sky had been shown so often that there was no mood for a second season of them. The public would rather see successes on the home front.
Too many Americans ("some experts") comment from Gulliver's Island of Laputa and tie their imaginations into contortions. Read what Putin says, watch what he does and think about it. Don't assume.


BOND: Yes, and it turned out to be a great decision, a great decision and from that to mayor. How did that come about?
WILLIAMS: Well, again, nobody will believe this — that Jack Evans or Kevin Chavous or Harold Brazil, the guys I was running against — but I actually was drafted. I'm the only elected official right now, major elected official in the United States, who was drafted and then also won re-election as a write-in, so I definitely have pushed the envelope in terms of electoral politics. But there was a group out in Ward 7— and for viewers, they would know Washington, D.C. is organized north/south, this would be in the southeastern to far northeast part of the city. Some voters who were looking for something new, and one of the things I did when I was CFO and I think this was what — and I didn't do it — again, and I'm being very apologetic and defensive about this — but I did not do this because I was trying to run for mayor. I did this because I thought it was good business.
When I was CFO, one of the things I did religiously, assiduously, is I went all over the city to every group of over ten people and I gave my lecture. Oh, I said the same thing over and over. It was this lecture about how the District got into this predicament and what we needed to do to get out of this predicament, and what we needed to do from an overall broader kind of strategy to rebuild the revenue base of the city. Because right, you can't just fix the budget if you don't have any revenue, you know. So what did we actually do to rebuild the revenue base of the city? And I went all around and around the city, and I guess people liked what they were hearing.
BOND: And responded to you when you ran for the office itself.
WILLIAMS: Oh, yes, I had a huge head of steam and momentum.
BOND: I mean, everyone knows that the District's payroll was just over-stuffed with all kinds of people. I think at one time, every seven families in the District, one out of every seven families had an employee.
WILLIAMS: Yeah, or another way of looking at it is if there was one employee for every ten people. It's like, you know, when I worked at the Department of Agriculture, we had a big problem with the size of the Department of Agriculture, and there was a story in the Department of Agriculture where a farm agent out in Nebraska was crying and they said, "Well, why are you crying?" He says, "Because my farmer died." You know?
It was like one employee for every farmer in the country, so we kind of had one employee for every ten people. But, anyway, that built up a lot of animosity, but I was going to say that the interesting thing was up until September, we had raised almost a million dollars in small contributions. Can you imagine that? Of contributions of $500 or less.
BOND: Yeah. It was amazing. I was here. I lived through that. I was glad you did it and happy to see you. Sorry to see you go.


text:
Bangladesh Internet Professionals Community holds their first conference
By Alavi Wahid Last updated Mar 31, 2019
On the 14th of November, Bangladesh Internet Professionals Community (BIPC, a social media organization) organised a day-long conference for professionals who are involved in providing freelance services via internet to clients all over the world mostly United States, Europe at Mahanagar Natto Mahcha in the capital city Dhaka.
State Minister of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Division, Mr. Zunaid Ahmed Palak, inaugurated the conference. The conference was the first of its kind in the country and drew a massive audience from all over the country comprising mostly of freelance web developer, software developer, social media marketer, SEO professional, graphics designer etc.
Credit: Abu Sufian Nilove
The multiple sessions focused on advice from noteworthy individuals from the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector and were aimed to support and motivate the attendees in their careers.
BIPC mentioned that there are approximately 700,000 internet professionals working in Bangladesh. Mr. Palak also noted that back in 2009 there were only one million internet users in Bangladesh whereas now that number has escalated to over forty million. He said, "The flourishing internet has opened the window of freelancing, which is why, from the very beginning, our government has emphasised on increasing the number of internet users." Hence, great onfidence was expressed towards the ICT sector and by next year, it could contribute to more than 1% of the GDP.
Senior Vice Chairman of Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services (BASIS), Mr. Russel T Ahmed said: "BASIS started the 'One Bangladesh' campaign for internet users and under this vision, by 2018, the country will earn at least US $1 billion, adding that BASIS wants to create 1 million IT professionals.
A major barrier to freelancers here is that they do not have access to PayPal, a service which offers secure online transactions. The absence of this service in our country has lead to Bangladeshi freelancers having a great disadvantage against other internationals. Hence there was advocacy towards gaining access to PayPal in Bangladesh.
The event was hailed as successful and the organisers have promised to host such events in the future as well to facilitate the growth and development of our ICT sector and of independent freelancers.
Let's thank Mobarok Hossain, freelance business plannign consultant and Abul Kashem, CEO & Founder of Xpnonetweb for taking the initiative of this conference.
Platinum sponsors of this event were Akhoni.com, Payoneer, Joomshaper, Elance and Odesk, gold sponsors were ajkerdeal.com, Creative IT Limited and Xademy.
BangladeshBIPCevents
Alavi Wahid
Alavi, Executive Editor of Techetron, is your average speckle faced guy with a huge appetite for food and an even greater craving for tech. He is always keeping an eye out for the latest and greatest in the world of technology and is on a constant prowl for the ultimate mobile device. He loves writing, reading tech blogs, playing golf and customizing his gadgets.
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text:
Your Thanksgiving turkey isn't as all-American as you might think
The centerpiece of nearly every Thanksgiving table in the US is an immigrant.
The turkey might be indigenous to the Americas, but it was only after the bird was shipped to Europe that it became the flightless creature we eat today. According to US Department of Agriculture scientist Julie Long, wild turkeys were first domesticated around 800 BCE by the Mayans in what is present-day Mexico. Hundreds of years later, when Spanish conquistadors set foot in the New World around 1500 CE, they came across the birds and were enthralled by them.
"They thought 'Oh my God, we need these,' and they took the birds back to Europe," Long says. At the time, Europeans were accustomed to eating other birds, like peacocks and storks. The turkeys were slightly bigger and had a less gamey taste.
But—especially by today's standards—they were still relatively scrawny. So continental farmers bred them to carry more meat. The meatier birds still weren't nearly as heavy as what people are accustomed to today, but for their time, it was a big enough difference that turkey meat became a popular source of poultry in several European countries. And when European colonists got in boats to cross the Atlantic Ocean once more, headed for cities such as Jamestown, they brought turkeys on board with them.
"So that's how the birds got here," Long explains, "but they were small birds."
Up until the mid-1940s, most turkeys eaten in the US were the product of backyard flocks. But after World War II, the US Department of Agriculture began breeding a small, white-feathered turkey known as a "broad-breasted white"—a cross of about six different breeds—that was ideal for families who had in-house roasters. Those birds only grew to about 20 pounds, much smaller than the average 31-pound birds on the market today.
The tremendous growth in US turkey size that happened in the next few decades came thanks to commercial breeding companies, who in the 1960s began breeding the birds to be humongous. In fact, the birds grew to be so big they could no longer mate on their own, driving the need for a large-scale poultry-farming system in which the birds would be artificially inseminated by farm workers.
The modern-day birds that most Americans will buy, dress, roast, and carve up are all related to a handful of elite turkey lines specially created by breeders. The exact breeder information is a closely-guarded industry secret, but make no mistake: they are almost nothing like the turkeys that walked around with the Mayans, or even the smaller breeds developed by the USDA.
As Long puts it: "These elite lines are the Lamborghinis."
Read this next: The turkey origin story: Your ticket for shutting down Thanksgiving if things get too political
As Robert Mugabe finds a new home, here's where other African dictators went to retire
Taggedagricultureartificial inseminationcolonial americacoloniesFoodimmigrationQuartzscienceshipsSpanishThanksgivingturkeysUncategorized
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text:
Paducah é uma cidade  localizada no estado norte-americano de Texas, no Condado de Cottle.

Demografia
Segundo o censo norte-americano de 2000, a sua população era de 1498 habitantes.
Em 2006, foi estimada uma população de 1309, um decréscimo de 189 (-12.6%).

Geografia
De acordo com o United States Census Bureau tem uma área de
3,9 km², dos quais 3,9 km² cobertos por terra e 0,0 km² cobertos por água. Paducah localiza-se a aproximadamente 567 m acima do nível do mar.

Localidades na vizinhança
O diagrama seguinte representa as localidades num raio de 56 km ao redor de Paducah.

Ligações externas

Cidades do Texas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
A Transformers Universe egy, a Marvel Comics által kiadott négyrészes mini-képregénysorozat volt, mely 1986 és 1987 között jelent meg az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban. A sorozat nem az Alakváltók kalandjait tartalmazta, hanem a Marvel által, az 1980-as években  kiadott Transformers képregénysorozatban szereplő Autobotok és Álcák technikai jellemzőit, jellemüket és egyéb tulajdonságaikat foglalta össze. A szereplők leírásait Bob Budiansky, a képregénysorozat akkori írója készítette és Mark Alexander, Jose Marzan, Mark McKenna valamint Bruce Solotoff illusztrálta. A leírások nagy része megegyezett a Hasbro játékdobozain olvasható leírásokkal, csak kibővített formában.

A karakterleírások Magyarországon a Transformers sorozat magyar kiadásában, általában az adott szám aktuális két történetét elválasztó mellékletként jelentek meg.

A sorozat számai és tartalma
1. szám: szereplők leírása Air Raid-től (Támadótól) Grimlock-ig (Mogorváig)
2. szám: szereplők leírása Groove-tól (Hasítótól) Ramjet-ig (Löketig)
3. szám: szereplők leírása Rampage-től (Dühöngőtől) Swindle-ig (Svindliig)
4. szám: szereplők leírása Steeljaw-tól Windcharger-ig (Széllovasig), valamint az 1986-os Transformers mozifilm szereplői

Megjelenés gyűjteménykötetben

A sorozat 1987-ben gyűjteménykötet formályában is megjelent, bár néhány szereplő kimaradt belőle.
Transformers Universe 1987. szeptember –

További információk
a Transformers Universe minisorozat a Comic Book Database oldalain
a Transformers Universe minisorozat a seibertron.com oldalain

Marvel Comics-minisorozatok


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