Shelley has completely lost her voice, therefore, Kim will be joined by Ray (by phone) who will present a selection of train songs in response to yet ANOTHER delay, ANOTHER missed LRT Deadline. Stay tuned and enjoy the ride!
Hello All, I hope to be back next week!
Miss hearing Shelley's voice but it's great to hear Kim and Ray and all of the music!


Nobody makes you feel anything. Your emotions come from your interpretations. My whole world shifted when I really understood that I was in charge of me.
Reclaiming our happiness and understanding that others cannot make us happy, but can only support our happiness, is a big part of growing in our personal freedom. Sending love to all beings. May we all be wise and peaceful.
@yung_pueblo thank you for the endlessly poignant poetry!


Howdy friends. I'm taking a few days off to find something or other out in the wilds of Texas.
I'm not quite sure where I'm going or what I'm doing but that isn't an entirely new feeling. In the interim, I'm leaving the T ov H in the very capable hands of the Masterlord and W. Our posting schedule will be a little different for this week due to a combination of my laziness and you guys being off your normal work schedules: New posts will go up at 9 AM CST and 1 PM CST. I apologize for the inconvenience and I sincerely thank you for your continued patronage of this particular internet toilet.
I'll see you guys in the new year.


text:
Le canton de Saint-Valery-sur-Somme est un ancien canton français situé dans le département de la Somme et la région Picardie.

Géographie
Ce canton était organisé autour de Saint-Valery-sur-Somme dans l'arrondissement d'Abbeville. Son altitude variait de 0 m (Boismont) à 90 m (Franleu) pour une altitude moyenne de 24 m.

Histoire

Administration

Conseillers généraux de 1833 à 2015

Le canton participait à l'élection du député de la troisième circonscription de la Somme.

Conseillers d'arrondissement (de 1833 à 1940)

Composition
Le canton de Saint-Valery-sur-Somme regroupait douze communes et comptait  habitants (population municipale ).

|-
| Arrest || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80820 || align="right" | 80029
|-
| Boismont || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80230 || align="right" | 80110
|-
| Brutelles || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80230 || align="right" | 80146
|-
| Cayeux-sur-Mer || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80410 || align="right" | 80182
|-
| Estrébœuf || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80230 || align="right" | 80287
|-
| Franleu || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80210 || align="right" | 80345
|-
| Lanchères || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80230 || align="right" | 80464
|-
| Mons-Boubert || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80210 || align="right" | 80556
|-
| Pendé || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80230 || align="right" | 80618
|-
| Saigneville || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80230 || align="right" | 80691
|-
| Saint-Blimont || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80960 || align="right" | 80700
|-
| Saint-Valery-sur-Somme || align="right" |  || align="right" | 80230 || align="right" | 80721
|}

Démographie

Voir aussi
 Liste des cantons de la Somme
 Liste des conseillers généraux de la Somme
 Communauté de communes Baie de Somme Sud

Liens externes
 Résumé statistique du canton de Saint-Valery-sur-Somme sur le site de l'Insee
 La carte des communes du canton sur le site de l'Insee

Notes et références

Saint-Valery-sur-Somme
Saint-Valery-sur-Somme

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


High accuracy chef thermometer, hold function, HACCP compliant, highly accurate, IP67 waterproof, dual LCD display. For handheld spot checks on food and liquids: meat, chicken, fish, ready meals, beverages.
Easy to use: two button operation, dual display, auto switch off capability.
Comprising of a handle, 2 metre coiled cable and a mini plug.


text:
Home > Beams of light > Studio lights > Art > Harbin, China's Ice and Snow Festival
Harbin, China's Ice and Snow Festival
People celebrate New Years in ice wonderland - January 25, 2020
2017 Harbin • China, Snow - Ice World on Vimeo.
Snow and ice sculpture in Harbin dates back to Manchu times, but the first organized show was held in 1963, and the annual festival itself only started in 1985.
Since then, the festival has grown into a massive event, bringing in over a million tourists from all over the world every winter. Harbin is well known for its beautiful ice and snow sculptures in winter and its Russian legacy and still plays an important part in Sino-Russian trade today.
Most of the sculptures appearing at the snow festival are competitive entries. Each team starts with a cube of packed snow that appears to measure about three meters on a side, and then starts carving away. Teams come in from all over the world - Russia, Japan, Canada, France, even South Africa.
The Sun Begins to Set Behind the Magnificent Entryway Sculpture
The Snow Festival is Actually Separate From the Ice Festival Both at the Sun Island Park North of Harbin's River, Songhua Jiang
A Canadian Team Sculpted a Native American Sitting in the Frozen Northeast of China
Even the sunsets in Harbin look cold. Though only mid-afternoon, the sun was setting over the snow festival and the temperature was falling even further below freezing. But the coming darkness was actually good news, because it meant that the ice festival was about to begin.
The ice festival, a few miles away from the snow festival, is anything but dull and colorless. Crowds flocking to the entrance are greeted by dance music booming in the distance, as if at an outdoor pop concert.
And bright neon colors shine everywhere, buried within huge blocks of ice forming structures as high as thirty meters, such as this huge structure beyond the entryway.
The Great Sphinx of Giza
It's like a Disney theme park, with multiple attractions and food hawkers and kids running around and people lined up for bathrooms. The only difference is the extreme cold weather, and all the structures are made out of ice. One of the popular activities at the festival is climbing a wall of solid ice.
All the ice comes from Songhua Jiang, the nearby river, which provides a limitless supply; huge chainsaws are required to cut through the ice, which can be meters thick. The snow festival is mostly a display of art; the ice festival is mostly a display of architecture.
Nevertheless, a number of sculptures can be found at the ice festival. An entire ship constructed of ice, with passengers onboard. Though it might not be seaworthy, the ship would certainly float - after all, it's made of ice Hundreds of years ago during the Manchu days of ice lantern art, the sculptures were lit only by candles.
A Thai temple of ice, complete with hallways and rooms inside. Long ago, Disney made a Circle-Vision 360 film called "Wonders of China" - still showing at the China pavilion in the World Showcase at EPCOT - which includes a brief section on Harbin's ice festival. In the movie, the sculptures are quite low-key, little more than blinking light bulbs inside small globes and ice carvings.
A view from atop that structure, looking back on a Russian-styled building and a mock Great Wall, both constructed out of ice. Making it to the top of this structure is an accomplishment in itself - imagine walking up a stairway of solid ice for two floors with no handrails, with no internal support structure - just lights.
Workers shape a snow sculpture at the Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival in Harbin, Heilongjiang province January 6, 2009. REUTERS/China Daily (CHINA). CHINA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN CHINA.
Harbin is situated south of the river, so it's a chilly ride over to the sites. It seems even chillier when crossing the bridge over the very wide and very frozen Songhua Jiang. The temperature in Harbin reaches forty below zero, both Fahrenheit and centigrade, and stays below freezing nearly half the year. The city is actually further north than notoriously cold Vladivostok, Russia, just 300 miles away. So what does one do here every winter?
Hold an outdoor festival, of course! Rather than suffer the cold, the residents of Harbin celebrate it, so join them in their annual festival of snow and ice sculptures and competitions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A Tennessee Valley Authority project, the Buffalo Mountain Wind Energy Project consists of 15 towers 80-meters high supporting Vestas V80 1.8-megawatt turbines. The unique aspect of this project is that the foundations are on reclaimed land from coal mine spoils. Earth Systems provided engineering design support.


The SUNY Oneonta Activities Council hosted several showings of the documentary "Whose Streets?" from November 10-12 at Hunt Union.
Welcome to the official website for The State Times, SUNY Oneonta's newspaper. Learn about local entertainment, national news, and modern perspectives, brought to you by a diverse student body. By sharing knowledge and intersectional experiences, the participants of this platform are striving to better the world and everyone's relationship to it.


The true quarterback of the New England Patriots was the coach. He threw at his team one idea at half-time that fundamentally shifted the game.
"The Falcons are not going to beat us, with just a 23 point lead." With just two words "not" and "just" he stated what he believed for his team.
Most leaders wouldn't have responded this way. Bill's real message was: This game is far from over. I have confidence that we are going to beat these guys.
The best leaders remind their team of their abilities and potential when they need it the most.
P.P.S. Start the journey towards becoming a better leader. The Leadership Identity Program is a 1-1 coaching program to help you and your team achieve their potential. Click here for more details.


Crippling self-doubt. Shouts into the void. Opening tabs and shutting them again. Stressful Netflix binge.
What could I write about? What would anyone read? I am just another college grad pouring money into a site. I take photos on an iPhone and a Nikon point-and-shoot, using a free editing software. My day job is a teaching assistant at a school of music in Ohio, 800 miles from home. I buy my clothes second-hand and they're promptly coated in cat hair once I take them home. I think going to bars alone is fun and I love classic films or horrible B-movies; otherwise, television is a waste. I'm addicted to Instagram. What could I write about? Who would read it?
This is the box all artist movies strive to break. I can't cater to one interest because I don't have just one; I can't separate any from the others. My practice schedule dictates my fashion choices, and my coffee taste is influenced by whatever performance I've just seen: Nothing is independent.
The relationships between these things are what I want to explore, because nothing is compartmentalized and none of us are unbiased. I wanted an outlet that is the middle section of a giant Venn diagram, so I created one. I'm not sure who else will find this.
This is day one, in a simplified retelling.
I'm not here for readers, though I know they exist—I can't be the only one reading personal blogs regardless of subject matter. I am here for a shelf on which to put these things. I'm not sure what it will look like in the end. I hold in my pocket the right to change this blog as I need. It will fill the shape of its container and move into whatever I can carry. I give it the right to remain fluid.


Goethe University's new Master of Science in Worldwide Administration caters to formidable Bachelor's graduates with worldwide profession aspirations. Now we have crafted a programme with many special features that may guarantee a unique learning expertise and ideally suited job market alternatives for graduates. Our college is dedicated to ascertain the Master in Worldwide Management as a premier management programme in Europe that strives to achieve high positions in international rankings. We've got what it takes to ensure that your vehicle is greater than just a mode of transportation. With our assist, riding in your automobile, motorcycle, truck, or boat will likely be protected, snug, and an excellent time! The potential expenses of servicing an vehicle and the potential earnings from serviding one that is not lined by a guaranty, are each far too giant to be left in the arms of some local mechanic, and even service supervisor.
A funds has been passed by the Home, the Senate refuses to debate, amend and vote on the Home funds. The President management is so visually un- transparent, he can solely be found campaigning someplace in the USA. A quick scan utilizing your favorite auto search engine will reveal a staggering quantity of new 2016 leftovers. On Might 10, 2017, a easy internet search returned a hundred forty five,763 leftover units nationally.
Top quality all leather-based inside that lasts nearly perpetually and most seem like new. Merely put, advance in the web site architecture shouldn't be enough. Correct affliction and adorning its achievement must be the top antecedence of an automotive supplier. It is precise necessary to perform abiding that your web site is baronial on the aboriginal page of all of the aloft seek engines in adjustment to get awful qualified, absolute leads to your web site.
The occasion was particularly well timed because of the big transportation infrastructure element of the Stimulus package now working its manner by way of Congress in addition to the probability of transportation laws shifting this yr. On the event, Moynihan supplied context on the clean infrastructure challenges and opportunities now before the United States and asked Congressman Blumenauer, a pacesetter on transportation issues, and two specialists, Robert Peck, Vice President of Jones Lang LaSalle and Chris Leinberger, a fellow at the Brookings Metropolitan Coverage Undertaking to share their thoughts on policies that can help construct a cleaner, extra productive America.
Database are sometimes created and maintained by professional but now it becomes a central element of any fashionable computing surroundings. Every area of administration makes use of database like marketing professionals, human assets managers, operation mangers, accountants, monetary analysis and so forth. That's the reason it can be crucial for the scholars to grasp how database administration system is used to design and run a database application.


Design isn't just about pretty spaces. It's about the business, marketability and profit-building power of your vision. Hospitality Style gets both sides of this equation in a way no one else does. If you're a serious player in the design and architecture of hotels, restaurants, spas, resorts, casinos, complexes or convention centers, Hospitality Style is for you.
Temporarily Unavailable. Thank you for your interest in Hospitality Style Magazine.


Q: What are the benefits of purchasing this kit from Home Therapy Solution™?
A: The biggest benefit of buying the kit is the high likely hood of having your pain go away and your activity level increase. The other benefits of the purchase is saving money. The information in these kits has the potential to save you hundreds if not thousands of dollars. By having the ability to perform your own therapy at home with a program that has been professionally put together by Physical and Occupational therapists you will not have the need to go to therapy if your pain reduces. The other benefit is the convenience of being able to perform your therapy at any time with in the restraints of your busy life and not have to go to therapy 2-3 times a week.
Q: How do I know that this kit will work for me?
A: These are exact exercises and protocols that clinics all around the world use and will give you when you go to therapy at a local clinic which is much more expensive than our kits. We are confident that the information in these kits will give you the tools necessary to have the best possible opportunity to rehabilitate your own injuries.
Q: How will I know how to use the kit that I purchase from Home Therapy Solution™?
A: When you purchase a kit from Home Therapy Solution it will come with detailed information in the form of written instructions as well as pictures to assist you in progressing through the stages of healing and improving your function. These kits will give you everything you will need, from the information to the products, that are necessary for you to complete your recovery process and we are confident that it will assist you in your process in pursuing health. Also, if you have any further questions we have made it easy for you to contact us with any further questions via email.
Q: How would my therapy be different if I went to physical therapy at a local clinic?
A: The core of the therapy you receive would be the same. The main difference would be the ability to have a professional fully assess your situation and also have access to the equipment that most clinics have. However it is our experience that a majority of our patients improve dramatically with the home program that we give them and that this is the key to their success and pain relief. With that said we do strongly recommend that if you do not progress with this program alone that you consult your physician and pursue formal therapy.
Q: How long will it take before I begin to feel my pain go away and my ability to do things improve?
A: In our experience as therapists there are no two individuals that will progress the same. Aspects such as overall health, activity level, age and even gender play a part in your ability to progress. You must also consider that if the activities that were causing you pain are still being performed it will take considerably longer to have reduction of symptoms. As a general rule if you are persistent in the performance of the program that you purchased and have changed your activity and are not doing tasks that increase your symptoms you should notice some progress in the first 1-2 weeks but if you have no progress in the first 1-2 months you should again consult your physician and if your pain increases see your physician earlier.
Q: If I have pain during an activity is it OK to continue and press through the pain?
A: No you should not push through your pain. As a general rule "no pain no gain" is not true. If you are performing an activity that causes you pain you should stop and either discontinue the activity or alter how it is performed to stop the pain increase. If you are having pain increase you are generally having inflammation increase and this will typically cause your symptoms to linger longer and your recovery to be delayed.
A: Your health is of utmost importance to us, and although we will probably never meet face to face we want to give you the best personal care possible. We have made it easy for you to contact us with any questions or concerns you may have as you walk through your healing process.
Q: How many different therapy kits does Home Therapy Solution™ have?
A: Home Therapy Solution™ is constantly working on developing new products and kits to make physical therapy easier to access and perform at home. So if we don't have one suited for your needs shoot us an email and we'll get it on the list! We offer a mail out that you can subscribe to with updates as well as a Facebook and Twitter page with new products and kits.
Didn't answer your question? Please Contact Us with any further questions you might have.


text:
Women in IT: How Deep is the Bench?
Innovative CIOs Show How to Make Money With IT
Do Chief Digital Officers Spell Trouble for CIOs?
Most Memorable Tech Apologies of 2012
Class action against Vodafone to be filed by end of May
By Byron Connolly
Editor-in-Chief, CIO |
A doctor who couldn't receive calls at a hospital, a mother who couldn't contact her child's day care centre and a person who had her credit rating unfairly tarnished are among those who are joining a class action against Vodafone.
Legal firm Piper Alderman announced on Tuesday that it had secured funding from the LCM Litigation Fund, enabling it to proceed with a class action against the mobile operator. The legal action is expected to be filed by the end of May.
The litigation relates to customers experiencing call drops out, reception issues, weak data and internet performance and poor customer service from Vodafone in 2010 and 2011.
[ Prepare to become a Certified Information Security Systems Professional with this comprehensive online course from PluralSight. Now offering a 10-day free trial! ]
In late 2010, Piper Alderman asked Vodafone customers to register their interest in a class action and received 23,000 responses. Complaints ranged from losses sustained by small businesses to the inability to make calls during times of emergency, the law firm said.
Since then, the class action has stalled due to its failure to attract the necessary funding.
At a briefing on Tuesday, Sasha Ivantsoff, the partner leading the action for Piper Alderman asked individuals who were customers of Vodafone in 2010 and 2011 to formally join the class action by providing their contact and monthly spend details at www.piperalderman.com.au.
The Web page that enables individuals to join the class action went live on Tuesday morning and it is unclear how many people have signed up.
Ivantsoff said there were 7 million SIM cards issued by Vodafone in 2010 and since then 700,000 cards are no longer active. "We assume that 700,000 people have left Vodafone – we'd like to catch all of them and more," he said.
In its annual results, released this morning, Hutchison Australia, which holds a 50 per cent stake in Vodafone, revealed that the telco had lost 443,000 customers for the 12 months ended 31 December.
He said the firm had not contacted Vodafone but would do in due course when it knows how many people have joined the class action, how much each person had spent and the extent of their losses.
"We can't do that until people sign up," he said.
The firm said the claim will "focus on Vodafone's alleged misleading and deceptive conduct and other breaches of the Australian Consumer Law. Evidence will centre on dropped calls, reception issues and poor data performance experienced by millions of Vodafone, 3 and Crazy Johns customers.
"We have a number of examples of people – mums and dads, small business who have been significantly affected; a lot of tradespeople who have lost business because people couldn't get through to them [and] business went elsewhere, and doctors who couldn't contact their patients," said Ivantsoff.
Ivantsoff said the firm intended to file the claim within three months if it "can't be resolved with Vodafone beforehand."
He said the firm wants to win back damages customers have suffered, which is "the difference between the price they paid for the service and the value they got for it."
"We would also say that business owners are entitled to consequential losses and tradespeople who have lost business as a result of not being able to receive and make calls," he said.
LCM Litigation Fund will "take on all the financial risk of the class action," said LCM managing director, Patrick Coope.
"Vodafone customers can join the class action knowing they will not have to pay unless there is a recovery – they cannot end up out of pocket," he said.
At the briefing, Piper Alderman wheeled out Amanda Burkett, the former Vodafone customer registered to the claim, who spent one hour in an aircraft on the tarmac at Melbourne Airport, for a flight back to Sydney following a business trip.
Burkett's mobile phone would not connect to the Vodafone network when she tried to contact carers at her son's day care centre to alert them that she was delayed. She attempted to make the call while she was on the tarmac and once she was inside the airport.
"When I arrived in Sydney I tried again and still could not contact anyone in the airport or in the train station so obviously I was quite concerned," she said. "I could not contact anyone by phone, email or text and was very concerned about what was going to happen to my son.
"I eventually got hold of somebody about 10 minutes before the day care [centre] closed to go and pick him up."
According to Burkett, Vodafone gave her "every excuse under the sun" for poor network performance and would give her a "number of options to try and alleviate the problem knowing very well that they weren't going to alleviate the problem."
Burkett said she initially made a complaint with the Telecommunications Industry Ombusdman before ending her contract and moving to Telstra.
Another customer, known as "Sarah" said Vodafone reported her to a credit reporting agency for an outstanding bill, which she claimed she had paid. Consequently, her home loan application was rejected.
She repeatedly asked Vodafone to send her a copy of her account, which she claimed they couldn't find in their system.
"Everyone at Vodafone was revolting," she said. "They couldn't find a copy of my account but kept rudely telling me that I owed them money. They never contacted me about an outstanding account or informed me that they planning on ruining my credit record. I spent hours and hours on this matter and in the end, missed out on the home I wanted."
Meanwhile, telecommunications users group ACCAN has asked that customers who want swift action should contact the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman.
"This class action is going to take a long time to play out and there are no guarantees for consumers that they will receive compensation if it goes to court – our fears are that this will turn into a lawyer's picnic," ACCAN said in a statement.
Byron Connolly is a highly experienced technology and business editor who leads the editorial strategy for CIO Australia.


text:
SPCA CUPCAKE DAY GETS SOME EXTRA SWEETNESS FROM THE COFFEE CLUB NZ
The Coffee Club is throwing its support behind SPCA Cupcake Day this year. From 7-14 August, Kiwis can help the SPCA care for the 46,000 abused and neglected animals the organisation deals with each year, by purchasing specially made cupcakes in The Coffee Club stores across the North and South Islands.
As the official sponsor of SPCA Cupcake Day, The Coffee Club is supporting fund-raising by selling specially made, animal-themed cupcakes. 100% of cupcake profits will go to SPCA Cupcake Day. The aim is to help the event hit its $400,000 target.
"Supporting SPCA Cupcake Day is a natural fit for us," says Andy Lucas, Director of The Coffee Club. "We're big animal lovers, and of course baking is right up our street. We know there are a lot of people who feel the same way, and may not have the time to bake themselves. However, they still want to be a part of SPCA Cupcake Day and do their bit to help neglected New Zealand animals."
The SPCA's acting CEO Andrea Midgen welcomes the support for the event, and encourages everyone to get involved. "We want Kiwis to go barking mad for baking! We're very grateful to everyone who bakes or buys a cupcake. The funds raised will help the SPCA to provide vital care to vulnerable animals across New Zealand."
Now in its ninth year, SPCA Cupcake Day is the SPCA's fun, community-driven annual fundraiser, with all proceeds going towards protecting animals in need. Since 2009, supporters of the charity have raised more than $2million through the baking and selling of cupcakes and other treats.
For more information on SPCA Cupcake Day and ways to get involved, visit spcacupcakeday.co.nz or SPCA's Facebook page at SPCACupcakeDayNZ and on Instagram and Twitter using the #SPCACupcakeDay.


text:
← The BC Progress Board
Cheesy but relevant →
I thought I felt a chill in the air last night
Posted on October 1, 2008 by David Campbell
I have to admit that I have both "The Creative Class" and "Who's Your City" and wasn't able to get through them. A few chapters in I got all bogged down in the efficacy of Richard Florida's cause and effect conclusions and had to stop reading.
He was in New Brunswick yesterday preaching his message that we have to support arts and creativity as a driver of economic development.
I, as pointed out here several times, am not convinced that investing in arts and culture will lead to economic development. I am not against funding of the arts and culture but not convinced of the cause and effect.
It seems to me that when I look at the cities that he uses as creative models – Austin, San Francisco, etc. – that they were strong economies first that had surplus income to invest in arts and cultural activities which attracted bohemians which, I will agree, were good for the local community.
But on a broader note, isn't Florida the poster boy for Rock Star Academic? Reading his stuff, just on the academic rigour side of things, I think many of his traditional peers in Academia must cringe.
I guess I am saying don't expect Florida to win the Nobel Prize in economics any time soon.
0 Responses to I thought I felt a chill in the air last night
I thought the same thing this morning when I read the article in the TJ. It's a classic chicken and egg problem.
I could also say that my research shows a large concentration of engineering texts in an office building prevents bears from entering. My office, and many other consulting offices, have plenty of engineering textbooks, and there has never been a bear attack.
Will the T-J be recommending people rush out to buy Fluid Mechanics and Modern Hydronic Heating?
Sorry, I have to be critical of the blog because in the past you have touted just the opposite. You have fallen even deeper into the 'cause and effect' bias than Florida does.
And that has to do with animation. In fact, anybody who has taken a third year accounting course knows how creative accounting is. If you haven't finished his book then you can't state 'conclusively' what his recommendations or caveats are (does he in fact restrict 'creativity' to museums?)
Personal and economic creativity was of course SUPPOSED to be the aim of the modern industrial economy. You can go to archive.org and watch those old video films they used to show at the beginnings of movies in the fifties. We were all supposed to have so much free time we wouldn't know what to do with it.
But again, go look at FatKat and the enormous amount of 'creativity' they churn out. That is what the knowledge industry IS. While I enjoy getting my hands dirty, most of my work is creativity that is done in my head, you as well. My wife does medical research, its almost ALL 'creativity'-another word for problem solving. Their biggest problem is the educational system-its been very difficult for their company to find people who are truly 'creative' thinkers in the scientific field. They find good technicians, good workers, but not good THINKERS who can work independantly.
And contrary to what you are saying, virtually every international think tank states this as a prerequisite. When its a virtual certainty that international trade lets 'products' be made cheaper elsewhere, then education of the population becomes the main priority. That comes from the OECD, which points out Canada's lagging.
NB is even further behind, but you can tell even basic literacy isn't much of a concern for government, because of course they WANT semi skilled workers for the industries that exist there (and the lack of programs aimed at actually solving the problem).
If you asked him point blank whether a city like miramichi should have 'invested' in an animation school, or a museum, we don't know what he'd say, and even if he said a museum, well, even Nobel Laureate's say stupid things-in fact in economics sometimes they get the award for the stupidest theories imaginable.
However, Florida isn't just talking through his ass. I've mentioned numerous times the surveys in the states that show the choice of where a facility locates has OFTEN been decided by the tastes of their management. Executives are not going to move to an area whose cultural emphasis is the local bowling alley. That's why places like Fredericton have a 'jazz and blues festival' when regular performances of jazz OR blues at a concert venue has always had rare attendance (but just take a look at the crowds at the country music festival that operates on half the budget of the Harvest festival).
Finally, like I pointed out in the previous post, it would take only fifteen 'fatkats' to employ more people than worked at the mill, with almost no investment at all. So again, you seem to be restricting his definition of 'creativity' more narrowly than he means. While its true that an animator 'draws what he's told', thats not the extent of their work at this company (bigger companies may have more restrictions on creativity for economic efficiency reasons).
So its pretty hard to argue his case, unless the claim is that his case is restricted to the narrowest sense of local governments subsidizing museums and galleries. His association with the "Atlantica school of Music" shows that that doesn't sound like the case. Music is the most 'internationally focused' industry around, virtually every musician goes FIRST to the international market through the internet. I doubt the Atlantica School is training musicians and telling them "here's how you make a fortune selling your albums here in St. John".
Harold Jarche says:
Since you didn't read his books, you probably didn't check his data, which are quite comprehensive. Don't read what others say about Florida, because they usually get it wrong.
David Campbell says:
Oops. Sorry, Harold. Not only did I check his data, I actually used his detailed methodology to develop a Bohemian Index for Atl. Canadian cities so I am intimately familiar with his data. I just don't believe his cause and effect.
Just to update, you are right that he does seem to push this 'bohemian index' thing, but he also mentions 'film and music', which are FAR from 'bohemian'-unless we are talking about busking, and even Bruce Cockburn got his start busking and he then started a whole canadian production industry (with stompin tom-another famous busker). And if he mentions film, he'd surely include animation in there, which makes an easy jump to video game creation, etc.
And he also mentions science and technology, so I don't think his ideas can be restricted to "get more buskers and you'll get more industry".
Hell, imagine if NB could produce ONE 'Rita MacNeil'. Cape Breton has made 'music' into a tourist treasure trove and permanent industry. At the Atlantic Music Awards a member of the most prominent NB band openly called NB a 'ghost province' or something to that effect. So if ANY province should be listening to Florida, its NB. Hell, Newfies reinvented modern satire and PEI's tourist economy was based on a book about a pre-pubescent girl! The more I think about it, good lord man, how can you actually ARGUE this mans case? Do you know how much world class attention that woman in bathurst gets with that yearly classical music concert she puts on? I don't even think there's been a study of even the tourist effect of that. Even the Northrop Frye festival has been growing by leaps and bounds, or so I've heard. I think the 'chill' is coming from HERE!
It would be interesting to see your data, but let's do some experimentation ourselves. First, let's ask just how much japanese tourism was headed for Prince Edward Island before Anne of Green Gables was published. The government never spent huge money in Japan promoting it, there are lots of other islands in Canada and around the world.
Let's not dwell too much on tourism, we know thats a sore spot. So let's just ask as far as 'exports', how many CD's came out of Cape Breton BEFORE Rita MacNeil, Ashley MacIsaac, The Rankins, Barra MacNeils, Natalie Macmaster, Men of the Deeps, etc.
And again, let's ask how much monetary value there was in Miramichi before that guy started fatkat. That's pretty 'cause and effect' which pretty much proves his case.
Tourism is the big draw, but often other industries follow tourism. Nobody ever heard of Montreaux Switzerland until in the sixties they pushed to get it a mainstay on british bands continental tours. But you do have a point that often CERTAIN cultural emphasis only benefits tourism, which only benefits certain sectors at certain times of the year (Montreaux was idolized in Smoke on the Water, which was recorded nearby in an empty Hotel closed for the winter because of lack of tourism then).
However, again, that certainly isn't true of animation, or even music. Music is tough to make a living in, but paying a dollar for a band's song IS an export, so very logically IF you have enough of those songs going out you can get quite a bit of money coming in, which those people can then invest in other areas (as long as those areas exist).
So the 'cause and effect' does seem to be pretty concrete, I don't see what the difficulty is. However, I'd add that making a car or even making pulp is a pretty creative enterprise, and even large corporations have quite a bit of creativity going on-as that last report on workplace productivity showed.
So the biggest criticism could be that his definition of 'creativity' is to constrained, but he seems to know that. However, at least 'bohemians' is something that can be controlled even at a local level. Keep in mind that guys like Stompin Tom, Bruce Cockburn and Ashley MacIsaac weren't even called 'bohemians', they were called more accurately BUMS. All of them spent time in jail for doing nothing worse than singing in public places. This is very frowned upon in our society, and I must say that Fredericton at least has far more 'entertainment' in that sense than here in waterloo, its unfortunate that they are treated so shabbily. And I can well imagine why young people in particular would want to get away from such strong arm political societies.
First I'm not a big fan of him either, but at least I know when good research been done, and his study is robust. Plus when did you get your PhD in Bohemian Statistics? You can't even read. The TJ article states that he's in the city tonight. I think maybe you're confused with Elton John, now there's a bohemian statistic. Come David. Do your homework!!!
Florida, of course, cannot separate cause and effect. From his POV, however, he does not have to. His objective is not to provide a rational basis for funding 'bohemia', but is to enrich himself.
Florida makes his living from selling himself to business schools. These institutions contain indiduals who, yes, may handle large amounts of data but also suffer from the same problem re cause and effect. That does not bother them in the slightest; indeed having to separate cause and effect might result in many of their pet theories and hypotheses collapsing. Better to ignore the problem entirely.
Thus business schools and their hangers-on are prime targets for Florida. In turn, associating with business schools greatly enhances Florida's reach and reputation. So it is a mutually-symbiotic relationship.
I'd say that until they work out how to separate cause and effect, both business schools and Florida should be ignored.
The Fredericton Jazz and Blues Festival is actually a good illustration of cause and effect. Does Freddy Beach have a successful festival like this because the movers and shakers thought it would enhance the city and attracrt business? Or is it a success because of demographics? Freddy Beach must have a disproportionate population of civil servants and academics; people with more time and money to attend the festival, so I'd say the latter.
Gawain says:
David, you're right about Florida's Rock Star status and it does indeed make for frustration in some quarters of academe, especially since its causal model is so specious. The problem is, however, that this celebrity status has been bestowed on him in part by the media seeking a good story — and it does read like good fiction — and politicians, who are seeking a panacea of any kind.
It is difficult to give credibility to his preachings on something as practical as ED when he comes from one of the most unnatural, removed-from-reality environments you can imagine; a university.
His ideas may be more connected if he were an unemployed forestry worker.
Actually Richard, you just proved the reverse and thats a good example. Like any festival, during the first few years most people never HEARD of the jazz and blues festival. The first year had 9500 people, last year had 75,000 people. You can also add the Northrop Frye festival in Moncton, FAR more elitist than a jazz festival.
But thats not the cause and effect that Florida refers to. He is not talking about whether social events are 'successful'-thats a judgement call. What he is saying is that an emphasis on cultural forms will lead to industry development, and I've already pointed out three concrete cases where that has been true.
I'll spell it out…the 'cause' of Rita MacNeil led to the effect of tourism in Big Pond (mainly her tea house). The cause of Anne of green gables led to the effect that asian tourists wanted to visit there. WITHOUT Anne of green gables, no asians would have been so anxious to see PEI. THAT is cause and effect.
In New Brunswick you can add Le pays de la sanguine, which is inspired by, damn, that french lady writer, I forgot her name. Some may argue that IF it doesn't make X amount of dollars then its not 'successful', but again thats a judgment call. New Zealand got a HUGE boost in tourism and even investment when it was shooting 'the lord of the rings'. And numerous towns and cities have gotten tourism from having star trek conventions. Vancouver still gets film investment, on the Daily Show a woman starring in "Battle in Seattle" was saying that they shot in Vancouver, and thats even though there is no longer any dollar advantage, they simply went because NOW there are such professional crews there.
Like I said, other industries are more of a stretch, but animation in Miramichi and film in vancouver pretty much proves the case. Perhaps its unfortunate that he used the word 'bohemian' as all the suit wearing white collar guys think he means pot smoking poets in basement bars. Thats THEIR bias though, not his.
"What he is saying is that an emphasis on cultural forms will lead to industry development, and I've already pointed out three concrete cases where that has been true. "
No you haven't. You need to read Florida. He isn't saying that attractions like pays de la saguine or jazz and blues festivals attract development; he is saying that creating an atmosphere in an urban setting that attracts the artistic community attracts development. But his data cannot separate cause and effect. i.e he can't really differentiate growing urban communities that attract artists from growing art colonies that attract urban deveopment.
And again, that is exactly the same problem that denizens in business schools have, and why no one in his/her right mind would listen to either. A previous poster referred to Florida's media status. That's correct and something else he shares with the high-flyers in business schools.
Your comments about the growth in attendance at various festivals are irrelevant unless you can show that they have attracted non-associated industry to those locations. Have many non-art companies moved to Freddy Beach because of there is an artisitic community there that supports the Jazz and Blues Festival?
Heck, I forgot some of the biggest examples: Hollywood, Aspen, St. Moritz, Monaco, Seattle.
If you want a mainstream source, here's the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond:
"..research has shown that the Arts have the capacity to serve as an effective engine of economic development… nonprofit arts organizations offer 50 million performances a year, generate 1. 3 million jobs, and contribute $37 billion a year to the national economy. (These figures exclude Broadway and Television)….
Some communities, such as New Orleans, Louisiana; Seattle, Washington; and the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; have taken a bolder approach by creating arts districts. Arts districts attract business investment, reverse urban decay, revitalize struggling neighborhoods, and attract tourists….
… Cultural resources are considered an important reason why businesses relocate to new communities, and a presence of strong arts amenities can help recruit employees."
That's a BANK talking, not Richard Florida or an unemployed forester (why they'd know more about economic development beats me). The first examples are communities (like Kings Landing) that were CREATED simply by cultural amenities, in some they are just talking about 'revitalizing' but its not like cities in NB don't exist.
He doesn't NEED to differentiate between the two. His four books certainly aren't as cut and dried as the above statement. If that was all he was saying, then he wouldn't be talking about investment in R&D. Why would he be?
IF it was as simple as critics make out, then of course all he'd be doing is going around and telling cities to 'get more gay men'. I highly doubt that even if you COULD test that theory, then a place like Fredericton, which has always had a large gay population (but repressive political structures), is not going to have many business leaders saying "I came here because of the gay factor".
So absolutely, its a little silly to say that gay men will lead to more urban development, but he doesn't actually SAY that.
That is 'sort of' kind of true what Richard says, except the part about saying 'non art industries'. He certainly never says if you have lots of gay men in an area then Toyota will come and build a plant. Hollywood is pretty much tied to ONE industry, and nobody would respect an economic theory that said 'because Hollywood has lots of gay men and art then GM and IBM are going to want to set up factories.' Cultural industries lead to cultural development-not blue collar jobs.
But again, check out my comments from the bank above, or go check out what business leaders are saying, guys like Google and the Web 2.0 people. They are all claiming that there is a shortage of 'creative' people, and THAT is what they are looking for. So if you live in an urban setting that fosters those 'skills', then obviously that is an available labour force that such companies are looking for.
And it goes back to the point where you build policies that attract the types of businesses you want. New Brunswick's policies, predictably, don't lead to much at all. But awhile ago I posted the article on how Nova Scotia got the RIM investment. They made the right 'pitch', something David thinks is integral,but Lazaridis stated that he knew nothing about Nova Scotia (he's an immigrant) and was impressed with the high concentration of post secondary educational facilities. Though a dropout, education is big on his list, so when he sees those policies, he knows those are the types of people he wants to deal with.
And again we can go to animation. Fatkat certainly didn't lead to the new Walmart store, and Florida doesn't say that. IF you are that animation company 'from away' that David is always talking about wrangling in, then what type of local labour force would you want? If you are an animation festival then you want people with those interests. That animation 'culture' is being built up, David posted awhile ago about the animation festival which is integral in bringing those people together. But its certainly not like UPM is going to turnaround and say "wait a minute, they have an animation festival now….they have gay men…what were we thinking…start up that mill!"
Knowledge industries will naturally gravitate to these creative places, the business leaders are already SAYING that. Google may not set up a shop in Fredericton because they have a jazz festival, but it doesn't hurt-its part of the mix. The subsidies also probably have to be there, the tax breaks, the labour force, etc. But if a city can prove its got the goods, then companies will look that way.
This isn't to say that Florida is a genius or god, but to be fair, he's been saying it awhile and he's turning out more prescient than most of his critics-who were bullish on the housing market.
Mikel- Maybe you should re-read Florida. A point he stresses is creativity, competitive advantage and therefore economic prosperity comes from those hands-on in factories (and forests) i.e. not just the CEOs, MBAs, engineers and academics.
BTW, he specically points out that arts and culture in itself is not an economic driver; it is part of the ingredients of a modern community that attracts and satisfies the creative class.
I have to admit it. This is the very first time that I agree 100% with Mikel!
I think that we need to separate Richard Florida, the rock star, from the concept that he presented in his first two books. What we see today is a guy who got blinded by the repercussions of his first books and is just milking every drop of his early success and casting doubt on a concept that makes total sense.
I really don't want to sound condescending but, to those who argue so much against the creative class concept, I recommend that PLEASE do travel with an open mind (staying in a resort doesn't count at all!), try to live in a successful city for at least six months (also with an open mind!), and then think again about the concept. By the way, David, it would be very interesting to find out how many of the young NBers that you mentioned in your TJ column end up living in NB after volunteering abroad.
And if you are still not convinced, here is the acid test. It is the first week of December (it could be January, February or March, but I am being kind) and you are looking for something to do with your wife in Fredericton, Moncton or Saint John. What are the options? (1) The movies? No, thanks, there hasn't been a good movie in the NB or PEI theatres since "The Boleyn Girl" (and perhaps "Michael Clayton"?). (2) A music show? Ops, sorry, we don't have any venues to host a show after summer is over (well, I will concede that the Playhouse in Fredericton has some good stuff every once in a while, but you gotta be lucky and in the mood). (3) To the theatre? Idem (4) For a walk? Where? The trails became useless after the first rain of the fall (5) OK, then let's go out for dinner. Where??? I have been eating the same food in the same half a dozen so-so restaurants for the last four years!
And if you are "lucky" enough to be in PEI, rural NB, or out of Halifax, you don't even get the chance to get a coffee on Sundays in a place other Tim Hortons! Are these places where creative people would like to live? I don't think so. I am sorry to say this Harold but, even if Richard Florida said last year that Sackville is a place that the creative class loves, I say no, thanks.
Atlantic Canadians are wonderful and very welcoming people, but I just couldn't live there for more than four years. My wife and I got tired of the lack of cultural and leisure options so we decided to move back to Central Canada.
David, I will leave you with one thought. If I am the manager of a knowledge-intensive foreign company looking for a new location to expand its operations, one of the first key factors that I will consider is if I will be able to convince my people to move to the new place. And if you still have doubts, here go two examples that come to mind right away: how many people from the NB Department of Energy moved from Fredericton to Saint John? Why??? And why was so hard for the Health Authority in Saint John to find a VP Research?
I can't respond to everyone but it looks like this is a hot button issue.
Let me just say a few things. 1. I think fostering a dynamic arts and cultural environment is important particularly for the reasons stated by Anonymous at 3:27 AM. It makes NB more enticing to people thinking about moving here. My original premise was related to the cause and effect of arts and cultural spending – not on the merits of it.
Finally, my fear on this has also been that we would divert some of the already limited funding and effort used to stimulate real business investment in the community into arts venues and then cross our collective fingers.
The topic is getting too huge to handle in one blog posting. Lots of interesting comments, but not relevant. Are we talking about arts in NB, elitism, a critical analysis of Florida's texts, an appraisal of his 'status'. Those are all different topics.
Again, the 'few resources' are the fault of provincial policies, so IF some arts group can get a few meagre dollars, I say more power to them. That's again like NBT complaining because a Yarn Factory got some money that ended up going to workers, while ignoring that Irving got a tax break that saves them millions in their pocket. In a FUNCTIONAL democracy of course we'd be correcting the problem of 'few resources' before being cheap on anybody who needs some.
Forget restaurants, that can't be done provincially anyway. A municipal government can 'be creative' mostly by laxing up regulations. Most ethnic restaurants started life as a cart or home bakery. In Vietnam entire subdivisions are homes that are shops on the main floor and living quarters in back and streets are lined with 'product'. In NB, I remember a woman trying to do some baking to sell and she had to build an entire second kitchen because of regulations. It didn't matter how clean she kept it, as long as it was separate.
We have tons of every kind of restaurant, but it wasn't from policy decisions, it was from the ethnic population and student base. They are always hit and miss. Tastes aren't always 'class based', but are often 'age based'. To try and get somebody over 50 into a Viet Thai restaurant is a tough thing to do. And there is a culture of 'experimentation' that comes from a university population.
You can perhaps at LEAST let restaurants eligible for the same funding that is available to others. While at university I helped people fill out ACOA applications and there is simply NO money for 'service industries' PERIOD (that MAY have changed). But money is still generally tied to product. That's VERY unfair, here's an example. An Indian restaurant opened near us, won an award for its 'heart healthy mulagatawny soup'. So they started not just serving it in the restaurant, but having a cooler so people could buy it in a jar. Then local specialty stores picked it up, and now the major grocery chains carry it. Food is a very important export that is usually ignored. I can remember our local food specialty store used to carry blueberry syrop from some hick town in the backwoods of NB. I know its not an auto plant, but more is always better.
It's also a bit unfair to talk about "thatuh" for the upper classes as a means of economic development. Unlike the above poster states, in economic development (particularly David's emphasis), then its executives you are talking about. In fact, from anon's post above, thats almost a reason why David should be SUPPORTING the kind of spending he doesn't support. I hate to be critical, but its almost like David sometimes wants the whole but doesn't want to invest to get it.
But 'stuff for executives to do' is only part of it. Why Florida's work is so important is because he calls it a 'creative CLASS'. In other words, there are certain attributes that are common and should be fostered and maintained. That 'homosexuality' is one of them is sort of silly, what I'd add as a caveat is a local ACCEPTANCE of homosexual says a lot about tolereance and inclusivity in an area-which is a good advertisement for companies.
That leaves out Fredericton's bigoted Mayor, and the 'scene' remains largely underground but well known (at school I took a book down to read on the green and was tried to be picked up three times before somebody told me that after seven along the green is the main pick up place-so always bring a friend!).
In forestry, to be creative you can look at private woodlot owners and McAdam and the emphasis on 'community foresting'. That lets local communities 'get creatives, whereas now they are pawns of whatever the province and leaseholders want.
Unfortunately, the main barrier here is the government, and having so many people out and out chuck out his theories doesn't help. It maintains the status quo, which is the LAST thing NB needs. The government doesn't do much, and if they see there is no reason to do much then they will happily comply. I certainly hope at least the critics here aren't the same ones saying that "we have to build an oil refinery because at least its SOMETHING". There are LOTS of OTHER somethings out there, but policies have to be enacted and changes have to be made to get them.
"That's a BANK talking, not Richard Florida "
Again, Mikel, you and some other posters are confusing the issue. The issue is not whether theme parks, festivals, etc are economic drivers. The issue is whether having a vibrant arts environment is a cause of economic development (in that it causes significant non-art urban economic development to occur)or whether having a vibrant economic climate in an urban setting leads to a vibrant arts community. Florida claims the former, but he cannot separate cause and effect.
I am not sure why, in this partucular instance, you think a statement from a BANK is meaningful.
"My wife and I got tired of the lack of cultural and leisure options so we decided to move back to Central Canada. "
The issue then is why there are more cultural and leisure options in Central Canada. Well, for one thing, there are a lot more people there; more demand for various options. Any large urban area will offer more such options than a small urban centre.
As to why people don't move to SJ: Well, I know that some provincial depts in Fton have trouble keeping SJers in Fton. Why? No idea. Can you provide any data to back up your belief that differences in the arts communities between SJ and Fton are responsible for the difficulties you describe? Could just as well be the climate; some of us are adverse to fog.
I quoted a bank because they are certainly less likely to parrot any journalistic or political line (maybe an ideological one though). But its all right there.
What Richard seems to be saying is that cultural investment does not lead to urban development OUTSIDE the cultural sphere. That is true, that is something VERY difficult to prove. However, I can prove that from a story I mentioned long ago, that IBM set up in rural Vermont because of its proximity to the skiing. The chairman's son who would be heading the division was an avid skier and said that was why it was chosen. Sorry, I no longer have the links for it, but Richard is essentially saying that a scenario like this is IMPOSSIBLE. That a 'cause' like having good skiing can't be linked to an 'effect' of IBM setting up a plant.
But again, scenario's like that play out over and over again, in the states its stated frequently in business journals, because executives have so much power. In fact, most companies outrightly SAY that, we tend to be cynics and attribute it to subsidies, but we don't KNOW either way except from their statements.
So quite obviously we CAN make a cause and effect case. Perhaps good skiing is not considered 'cultural' or 'creative'. That's fair, but can you honestly state that if a company builds a manufacturing plant because the executive likes the skiing then they wouldn't make the same decision based on, say, the creativity of the local marketplace?
The investment died, but remember about a year ago there was a game manufacturer from BC who was going to set up manufacturing in a rural area of Nova Scotia for the simple reason that he had spent time there before and really liked the people. Likewise, RIM's focus on university towns is the same. University's, some in particular, are the highest concentrations of creative people anywhere. RIM could probably have gotten similar deals on subsidies in any other province of canada-he liked Nova Scotia because of its emphasis on university education.
Again, thats a clear cause and effect, you really can't FIND more clearer cause and effect except maybe in the natural sciences-and even there they are often misunderstood.
It's true that the poster above is getting mixed up in the 'cart before the horse' theory. But again, I've posted example after example of cause and effect, from PEI to Cape Breton, which has NOTHING to do with an arts community setting up shop in an economically advanced area. PEI didn't get aerospace technology and then discover some old book written by a woman and start a festival around it. PEI always got tourism, but nowhere near the level now, and certainly not from asia.
Likewise Cape Breton didn't have a built up economy which then just naturally attracted singers. THose singers are FROM there. Again, Rita MacNeil was produced and supported by Stompin Tom's company, and she got Arts grants from various institutions in the country. Now she single handedly brings TONS (relatively) of money into a hick town called Big Pond.
So honestly, either some people here simply have no idea what cause and effect actually means, or else there is serious propaganda going on here. Nobody has disputed ANY of these examples or shown how they are not cause and effect.
You could argue that Cape Bretoners are 'creative' in music and yet it hasn't built a solid economy for Cape Breton. That's a fair statement, but Florida, and nobody in their right mind, would say that a vibrant urban development will come to any place that has a few singers or gay men. It has to have a CLASS, and that class has to be diverse, and it has to be built up over time. Cape Breton NOW is far more economically diverse than probably ANY time in its past.
The other comments about arts communities are cultural criticisms, but as Richard points out, that doesn't have anything to do with the stated argument-except unless we FIND one of those people who state they go to one region or another based on X. So the argument seems to be "we haven't asked the questions, so we don't have the evidence, therefore the theory can't be accurate". Again, that's the black swan theory of science, where you state there are no black swans because you've never seen one…but you just haven't SEEN it.
So to make it even clearer, we don't know what the anon poster above does for a living. But lets say that he owned a business. If he owned a business and packed up and took his employees with him that would be pretty concrete proof of Florida's theory.
Here's another quick anecdote. I think the movie "Strange Brew" was hilarious even though a stereotype, and was surprised to see a guy like Max Von Sydow playing the bad guy. Some years ago I remember reading an interview where he said that the whole reason he took the job was because his kid was a huge bob and doug fan.
Now, say some animation company owner of a french animation company wanted to invest and get a partner in Canada. He asks his staff for ideas, and some are big fans of happy tree friends, or that other animation show about the unemployed guy. So they call up miramichi and the rest is history. In fact CLOSE to that is how fatkat and other business deals are made. Like I said, you don't GET any more cause and effect. If that animation college weren't in miramichi, then whatsisname wouldn't be there with fatkat and those 100 people would be somewhere else. Miramichi itself wouldn't be gone, however, a pretty big aspect of it would be. And like the pulp mill, all it needs is MORE of that 'creativity' to prove the point. It doesn't NEED the creative aspect, it could be, well…Campbellton. You tell me which place you'd pick to live in.
"That is true, that is something VERY difficult to prove. "
But the basis for Florida's book is just that. As he cannot separate cause form effect, he is, in effect, left with anecdotes. Anecdotes are a poor basis for governmental policies.
Immigrants, knowledge-industry workers, and artists tend to go where there is more opportunity. TO has a large population; this inherently provides more opportunity and lifestyle options than NB. An urban population in an economically vibrant area is even more attractive.
In order to increase opportunity in NB, you could increase NB's attractiveness in various ways. Lower energy costs, educated workforce, tax policies, lifestyle improvements, R&D investments, etc are all options but nothing by itself will work miracles.
"If he owned a business and packed up and took his employees with him that would be pretty concrete proof of Florida's theory. "
Absolutely not. You would have to know why the company moved, not why he said it moved.
One final point. If 'brevity is the soul of wit', then a corollary would be: the length of a comment is not directly proportional to its value.
Again, let's look at his actual theory:
"metropolitan regions with high concentrations of high-tech workers, artists, musicians, lesbians and gay men…CORRELATE with a higher level of economic development. (correlation is not the same as causation-although I proved causation)"
So far he's in complete agreement with Richard (sort of), but keep in mind that this definition of 'metropolitan' leaves out most NB cities.
"the creative class fosters an open, dynamic, personal and professional environment. This environment, in turn, attracts more creative people, as well as businesses and capital."
Again, same as what Richard says.
"He suggests that attracting and retaining high-quality talent, versus a singular focus on infrastructure projects would be a better primary use of a city's regeneration resources for long-term prosperity."
Thats it in a nutshell. Nothing about cause and effect. Only that if you want economic development, look at people first, and not shopping malls.
We aren't talking about building a city out in the woods in the middle of nowhere and wondering what policies to enact. In fact it agrees with Richard in one aspect, and thats about the work force. Virtually no government policies aim toward a 'creative' workforce, which is why this theory is important. Actually two, because Richard mentions R&D, which was the main emphasis on his talk. R&D IS the 'knowledge sector' essentially (public servants in Fredericton most certainly are not, in fact much of the university's payroll can't even be counted in there).
"Lifestyle improvements" are debateable, as Florida discounts shopping malls and infrastructure, but thats not necessarily lifestyle improvements. Miramichi might have a new Wal Mart, but that doesn't mean they are 'better off'. In a choice between a Wal Mart worker and a fatkat worker I think any ED would choose the latter.
However, tax policies and energy costs are a different matter. But as we've seen, the knowledge sector doesn't often require large scale energy needs. So the aim of low energy costs is outdated for the knowledge industry. But Florida certainly never states to ignore other factors of economic development.
As for the above, the poster above SAID why he's leaving, there is no question as to why the business left. A CEO or owner can leave or go for any reason.
Richard, that's a very simplistic way of looking at things. You should be asking why Atlantic Canada has only one city (Halifax). The answer is: because of politics. Everybody is so busy trying to keep things the way they are that they stop thinking about what needs to be done.
As for the proof that you are asking, just go to the website of the Institute for Competitiveness and Prosperity and you will find plenty.
I said several times in this blog that the problem of the region is that it is too rural and people want to keep it that way. What everybody else in the rest of Canada is saying is: sorry, not with my money!


Jan29 by John M. Buol Jr.
Fact – Shooters improve by focusing on core fundamentals and maximizing feedback.
Jan22 by John M. Buol Jr.
Fact – Shot placement is determined where the barrel points, as indicated by the aligned sights, when the trigger is pressed.
Jan18 by John M. Buol Jr.
Jan15 by John M. Buol Jr.
Fact – Dry fire exerts virtually no wear on most firearms.
Jan9 by John M. Buol Jr.
MAJ David Cloft of the USAR Service Rifle Team featured in the ALPENA News of Alpena, Michigan.
Jan8 by John M. Buol Jr.
Fact – A zero is only as good as the placement of each correctly called shot.
Fact – Gender has no factor on marksmanship skill.


Here at Hem we could not be more excited to announce that Eater PDX has named us the Hottest Restaurant in Portland for March 2018. This is such an honor and we are thrilled to hold the title and be #1 on their list. To view the other amazing restaurants that made the list check out this link.
We are excited to call NW 23rd our home and we have to say we have gotten pretty lucky when it comes to having great neighbors, one of them being Willamette Week. They offered us a warm hello by sharing our story with you on their blog. We are thrilled to continue to share more about Hem with you. If you would like to find out more about how the concept of our restaurant came to fruition, check out Willamette Week's latest blog.
We could not be more thrilled to announce our Grand Opening on January 26th! We will open our doors at 11am for lunch and be open until 11pm.


The elegant bodice feature is made of elegant satin with lace edge. The waistline is decorated with a sequin mesh sash and flower to make this dress more elegant.
The skirt has 6 layers, top 3 layers are made of elegant tulle. 4th is layer of soft satin, 5th layer is a netting attached to the 6th layer for additional fullness, the 6th layer is a satin lining to bring comfort to your little girl while wearing the dress. The back of the dress has zipper closure.


text:
Liverpool-trainer Klopp praises mentality of players after late victory
Trainer Jürgen Klopp praised after the narrow victory of Liverpool at Newcastle United (2-3) the mentality and the perseverance of his team. By the victory of 'The Reds' with a duel to engage fully in the race for the title in the Premier League.
"That was a victory of passion and absolute desire," said Klopp on Saturday against the BBC. "We have qualified for our final Sunday against Wolverhampton."
Liverpool came through goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah two times ahead of in Newcastle, but saw the home team both times and again come alongside. By a header in the 86th minute of Divock Origi grabbed the visitors still three points.


Description Humorous clay sculpture of a woman walking her dog. I work in painted clay relief, using polymer clay that is baked in an oven and painted with acrylics. The final product is photographed and digitally enhanced.


Quiet spaces to study and much more!
Need some help filling out a form or understanding a bill? The friendly staff at Huon library are here to help you!
Phone (03) 6121 7010 to make a time with us or ask when you visit.


text:
Periods of rain. High 52F. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 90%..
A few clouds. Low near 35F. Winds light and variable.
Jason Parks
Area pastor to promote Christian-Muslim relations
With the recent escalating tensions between the United States and Iran, some Christians may question what the future holds in terms of relations with Muslims.
Jason Parks, senior pastor of Refuge Church, is one of those now responsible for bridging the gap between the two religions. He was recently appointed the first Muslim-evangelical Christian relations coordinator for the Foundation for Ethnic Understanding.
The New York-based group has previously focused on relations between Muslim and Jews and African-Americans and Jews. According to a press release, the organization believes a "direct dialogue between ethnic communities is the most effective path towards reconciliation."
Parks informed his home church Sunday he had made a commitment to the FFEU. He has committed to serve as coordinator for one year.
Need for the position
Rabbi Marc Schneier, president of the foundation said, the FFEU released a first-of-its-kind study last year, which showed evangelical Christian and Muslim relations is the greatest inter-religious challenge in America today. Notably, the study found evangelicals have little interest in interacting or learning more about Muslims.
"As a result of the research, the foundation decided to create programming and a focus around narrowing the divide between the two," Schneier said. "We're very excited for Pastor Parks to join our team and help us create dialogue and programming between these two groups."
Schneier, who described Parks as a "dynamic evangelical leader," explained the foundation has been successful in bringing Muslims and Jews together, so he's hoping the same results can be accomplished between Muslims and Christians.
"Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world and evangelical Christianity is the fastest-growing religion in the U.S., therefore we must find a way to bring the two together," Schneier said.
In his role as coordinator, Parks will plan, develop and execute twinning, or partnership, events between evangelical pastors and Imams. He will also develop and nurture relationships between those religious leaders and leaders, scholars, influencers and local communities.
On Sunday afternoon, Parks accompanied a contingent of evangelical leaders from North Alabama to the Huntsville Islamic Center.
"If I'm going to be fostering those relationships abroad, fostering those relationships here at home is important," he said. "I think people tend to criticize what they don't understand, but even if we don't believe the same things, we can still come together and have dialogue."
Parks, who lives in Ardmore, Tennessee, founded Refuge Church in 2013. The church now has three campuses, including one on Lindsay Lane in Athens. Refuge's global online ministry, Church at My House," reaches more than 1 million people worldwide.
Parks received his master's of divinity degree from Rockbridge Seminary and his master of business administration degree from Liberty University. He and his wife Jessica have three children.
Parks said he first got to experience Muslim-Christian relations last year when he attended a mission to Azerbaijan. He explained he met with other political and religious leaders in an effort to create conversation between the two groups.
When asked if there were any obvious misconceptions Christians have of Muslims, Parks said the two religions aren't so far apart. He added the trip to the Islamic Center only emphasized how much the two have in common.
"One thing we saw was people are people. Regardless of what kind of cultural background people come from, they are still people," he said. "We had the opportunity to attend afternoon prayer. Though our worship style is different, there were kids there laughing and playing. They were talking about potluck events and told us we needed to come back and try the food. People in the Muslim community in Huntsville worship and fellowship together."
Visit https://ffeu.org for more information on the Foundation for Ethnic Understanding.
Marc Schneier
Follow Adam Smith
Kingston, Magarette
The funeral for Magarette Brown Kingston is noon Friday, Jan. 31, 2020, at Mount Zion P.B. Church (2350 Wall Triana Highway SW, Huntsville, AL 35824). Burial is in Garrett Cemetery, Tanner. Royal Funeral Home-Mason Chapel is directing.
Barnes, Helena
Mrs. Helena M. Barnes of Athens, Alabama, passed away Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2020. She is survived by her husband of 40 years, Roger Barnes. A memorial service will be held at a later date.


Everything you need to know about caravanning in bad weather.
Doug King is a firm believer in using his tourer regardless of the weather. It keeps it in good condition, he says! Here he explains how to get the best out of your caravan holiday, come rain or shine.
Caravanning in bad weather is a good idea: it can help fight the damp that may occur if the caravan is left in storage for long periods. It also increases the value you get from your investment, rather than allowing it to depreciate unused day by day.
Never block any air vents to reduce draughts because it may allow a build-up of poisonous fumes produced when the gas hob or oven is used in the event of faulty components.
Opt for propane LPG, because it will 'gas' at much lower temperatures than butane, which is more commonly used.
Insulate an external fresh-water container and the pipe connecting it to the caravan.
Add some salt to the waste-water container to prevent its contents from freezing.
Use a porch awning to store wet clothing and boots rather than taking them into the caravan. It also reduces the amount of cold air that gets inside when the door is opened.
Only push the caravan to get it off a boggy pitch when it is not hitched to the tow car. Pushing the caravan when it's hitched up applies the caravan brakes.
Carry five pads: one to go under each steady plus one to go under the jockey wheel.
A small 2kW electric heater can supplement the caravan's own heating system. In summer it can be used to blow cold air around the caravan.
Modern caravans are designed to be used year round. This isn't just an issue of missed opportunities to get away – those who tour in the 'off season' love it – but one that may have an impact on your van's condition.
Leaving a tourer unused for long periods has two detrimental effects: its value declines at a rate of knots and there is the risk that damp will affect its structure. Also, many owners only caravan during good weather; recent years' experience shows that this can be a very hit-and-miss exercise!
To get the most out of the investment you've made in your caravan, use it whatever the Met Office predicts. And plan ahead; it can mean the difference between enjoying your break and wishing you hadn't gone in the first place. Let's look at what you'll need when the sun fails to shine.
Caravan dealers usually supply butane LPG to caravanners unless specifically asked for propane. Butane – in blue cylinders – is unsuitable for use in winter, early spring or late autumn because it will not 'gas' below 1C. However, propane – in red cylinders – will do so down to -40C, so swap to propane. In addition, unless your caravan has a bulkhead regulator, you have to buy a dedicated propane regulator. Keep an eye on what's left in the cylinder, because LPG has a habit of running out at the most inconvenient times – either during the night or first thing in the morning before you've dressed! Products such as Truma's LevelCheck will help with this.
Finally, a warning: never use the oven or grill to warm the van because, if there's a fault, carbon monoxide – which is a by-product of combustion – is a killer.
Most sites have electric hook-ups, including those with five pitches affiliated to the major caravanning clubs. This enables you to supplement your van's heating system with a portable 2kW heater.
However, bear in mind that the amount of electricity you get from the site can vary according to the number of caravans connected to a bollard. For example: although the maximum current available may be 32A, you need to divide this by the number of caravans hooked-up to it; if there are four, each gets 8A. So if you are running the space heater and the hot water system and want to boil a kettle, you may have to switch off one appliance to avoid tripping the current at the bollard.
If the caravan has an inboard water tank, it should be used because it will prevent the water from freezing. However, if you use an Aquaroll or other external water container, insulate it against the cold. An old anorak wrapped round the container and the supply pipe can be very effective but for the best results use a purpose-designed jacket. However, avoid any that require the full container having to be lifted into the jacket – a full 40-litre Aquaroll weighs around 90lb. Instead buy a wrap-around jacket, and preferably one with an aluminium lining. The jacket can then be used in hot weather with the aluminium lining on the outside to reflect heat rather than absorb it, and keep the water cool.
It's not necessary to insulate the waste water container or the pipes from the caravan waste outlets. However, add salt after emptying the container to prevent freezing.
If you don't have captive pads fitted to the steadies, you can make your own. Four pieces of 12mm-thick wood 15cm x 15cm square should be sufficient. Place them under the steadies to prevent them from sinking into soft, soggy ground. While you're at it, cut a fifth pad to go under the jockey wheel to prevent it from sinking into the muck when you're levelling the caravan front to back.
If the caravan is pitched on a slope, wooden blocks placed between the pads and the steadies will spare you the trouble of winding the steadies a long way down. Blocks should also be used as chocks in front of or behind the wheels to prevent the van from moving when pitched on a slope.
You'll need blocks to keep the tourer in place anytime the ambient temperature drops to 0C. This is because the caravan's handbrake should not be applied in freezing weather or it may freeze to the drums.
To ensure the pads and blocks last a long time, soak them in creosote for two or three days before use.
Wet weather may turn your pitch to mud by the end of your stay, so carry a pair of track mats to give the tow car's wheels something to grip. Caravan accessory shops stock them.
When the tow car cannot pull the caravan off the pitch, unhitch the van and drive the car forward on to firmer ground. Then use a tow rope, available from high street car accessory shops, to pull the caravan off the pitch. Bear in mind, though, that tow ropes are intended for use with rolling loads – not bogged-down caravans. Therefore, make sure everyone stands well clear before you start towing in case the rope breaks.
If you ask people to help push an outfit off the pitch, tell them to push the tow car, not the caravan. Pushing a hitched caravan won't budge the car, and will apply the caravan brakes. Only push a van if it is uncoupled from the car.
Regardless of the weather forecast, be prepared for poor weather by taking suitable clothing with you. Wet gear, waterproof headgear, wellingtons, walking boots, thick socks and the like are essential if you're going to enjoy your break.
Similarly, suitable bedding will ensure you don't get cold at night. So replace your summer-weight duvet with a winter one – or take extra blankets.
A porch awning really comes into its own during inclement weather – it suddenly fills a new role as the smart place to store wet gear, rather than hanging it in the caravan. A porch awning also reduces the heat that escapes from inside when you open the caravan door. An awning carpet will help prevent mud from being tracked into the caravan.
Snow build-up on caravan roofs isn't usually a problem in the UK, but on an awning it can be, so remember to brush any white stuff off before it causes the awning to collapse. Similarly, ensure the awning roof is set at an angle that allows rain to run off rather than pool. When you go out for the day, lower one corner of the awning to encourage rain to run-off.
Snow build-up, especially in blizzard conditions, can block the floor air vents or wall vents, such as that for the fridge, so keep them clear to prevent potentially dangerous fumes from building up inside. And never block vents to reduce draughts.
Before leaving for home don't forget to drain down the hot water and inboard tanks; if water is left in them, it could freeze and cause damage. Also, leave all taps slightly open so that if the residual water in the pipes freezes the air can escape as the ice expands.
If you're interested in winter caravan holidays, check out Laurens 3 reasons to go on a Snowdonia camping trip and 5 locations for camping in Scotland.
Do you have any more great tips or stories to add? We'd love you to chat to us via our dedicated Caravan Sitefinder Facebook page.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Nowadays, many different entertainment applications, games, and simulators that implemented with VR/AR technologies are available in the market. However, the most VR/AR applications have a lack of providing feasible feedback to the user. In order to sense the physical interaction with the virtual environment, it is needed to reproduce tactile senses, which are a crucial component to accomplish the full immersion. Achieving a real touch simulation is a rather hard task which includes a representation of parameters of an object such as shape, hardness, weight, texture, and temperature.
Some wearable interfaces for simulating the grasping of rigid objects in a virtual environment have been proposed, such as Wolverine \cite{Choi2016}, and Grabity \cite{Choi2017}. They can provide the sensation of contact, gripping, gravity, and inertia.  A number of haptic interfaces provide both kinesthetic and cutaneous stimuli to the hand \cite{Son:2018:HFP:3242587.3242656}, \cite{Hinchet:2018:DWH:3242587.3242657}.
\par  We propose a novel wearable haptic interface for providing cutaneous feedback both at the fingertips and on a palm in VR environment (Fig. \ref{fig:teaser} (a)).

\section{System Description}
 A wearable haptic interface provides cutaneous feedback on the palm by DeltaTouch haptic display \cite{8816136} and vibrotactile feedback on the fingertips by vibration motors (tablet type, 8x3 mm). DeltaTouch is a wearable haptic display to provide multimodal tactile stimuli at the palm of the user based on the parallel inverted delta structure attached at the hand of the user (Fig. \ref{fig:teaser} (b)). The DeltaTouch device provides a sense of touch at one point in the palm of the user. The unique feature is that display can generate 3D force vector at the contact point to simulate the direction of applied force and sliding direction with arbitrary pressure. The inverted Delta mechanism is proposed to achieve compact and lightweight structure. The vibration at the contact point is achieved by a vibration motor mounted in the end effector and can be used with vibration motors on the fingertips for simulation of the texture of the object. The display is worn on the user's hand in such a way that the bottom platform is fixed on the palm via elastic tapes, while the end effector can freely move along the palm within the boundary of the base platform. And the vibrations motors are fastened to the fingertips via elastic tapes with velcro.
The VR setup includes HTC Vive Pro base stations and head-mounted display (HMD), and Leap Motion controller attached to the headset for tracking the user's hands motion in VR.

\section{VR Applications}
We created several VR applications with different scenarios of user-objects interaction to demonstrate the various types of provided tactile feedback. The applications were implemented with the Unity game engine.
During the demonstration user will wear TouchVR haptic interface in both hands and HTC Vive HMD. The first application is designed to demonstrate interactions with different objects in the VR room. The user can feel the motion of a spider in any direction and its weight on the palm or pulse beat and shake of the dragon egg reproduced by the haptic stimuli on the palm of the user by DeltaTouch display and vibration motors (Fig. \ref{fig:app1}).
\begin{figure} [h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{Anim-Shake.jpg}
  \caption{\small Interactions with VR objects: a) AnimalFeel application, b) Interaction with the shaking egg.}
  \label{fig:app1}
\end{figure}
\par The application BallFeel is designed to demonstrate the sensation of bouncing the ball in the hands of the user to get the immersive experience of VR games (Fig. \ref{fig:ball}).  In the MatrixTouch application, the user can immerse into the digital matrix, representing a 3D array of running lines (Fig. \ref{fig:teaser} (c)). The RoboX application allows the player to operate the object at a distance via gestures of the hand with the help of tactile feedback. During the collision of the robot with obstacles, the player feels the vibrotactile feedback (Fig. \ref{fig:teaser} (d)).

\begin{figure} [h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{ballfeel1.png}
  \caption{\small  BallFeel application.}
  \label{fig:ball}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
We have proposed a Virtual Reality system augmented by a novel haptic interface with multimodal tactile feedback. A wearable haptic display can present 3D force vector at the user palm and multimodal stimuli (contact, pressure, slippage, texture) at the user's palm, while vibration motors provide the vibrotactile feedback to the fingers.  The future work will be aimed at expanding the multimodal feedback. The additional modality will be provided by attaching a Peltier element at the tip of the haptic display. Thus, the user will be capable of experiencing continuous thermal feedback along the palm skin during motion of DeltaTouch. The haptic interface can be applied in medical and rehabilitation systems, teleoperation, and VR simulators (e.g., NurseSim \cite{Nakagawa2014}). The developed wearable cutaneous interface can potentially significantly improve the immersion into VR experience.

\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Hi there, my darlings! We're still talking about eyes on the blog today and specifically, more Milani Cosmetics Fierce Foils! This post will focus on oodles of swatches of the new Fierce Foil Eyeshine quads--four in total, named after four famous Italian cities!
NEW! Fierce Foil Eyeshine : Rocking, Runway-Inspired Metallics...Get Ready to GLIMMER. SHIMMER. SHINE.
This isn't a shadow, it's a shine. Formulated with exclusive, multidimensional pearlescence, this extraordinary eye-enhancer gloss is truly game-changing. The eye gloss can be swept on bare lids for a shine without stickiness or tackiness. Available in four shade quartettes named for Italy's starriest, most beloved cities, the glosses mesmerize with special effects from translucent shimmers to rich opaque metallics. Get the shine, shine, shine without the tackiness of a traditional gloss. Wears better than the average gloss, 2-6 hours. Reapply as needed. An effortless addition to your makeup routine, the Fierce Foil Eyeshine is runway inspired and "real way" designed.
Directions for Use: Just tap the silicone applicator onto the color and glide over the eye, starting close to the lash line. From there, simply blend and build with the applicator or your fingertip.
IMPRESSIONS : Another one of Milani's new products that blew my mind--I mean, I totally forgot about swatching and sat around oohing and aahing over these quads. First, the texture : these are really squishy--not at all powdery or flaky. Almost like a cream shadow but with a more gel-like feel. As for blending, some of them, like the bronze from the Florence quad blended really well while ohters, like the pale pink from the Rome quad, not so much. Great pigmentation and a really cool concept makes these quads a winner in my book and a definite must-try! My fave? Definitely Venice--I really love my blues!
So there you have it, my darlings! Milani's NEW Fierce Foil Eyeshine quads! You can pick up your favorites on Milani Cosmetics' online site HERE for just $9.99 each! You can also find them at select drugstore/retailers such as CVS, Walgreens and Duane Reade--these won't be around long so grab them your favorites if you see them! Please remember to follow Milani Cosmetics on FACEBOOK and INSTAGRAM for all the latest news and updates!
Which of these quads is YOUR favorite? I'd love to hear from you in the comments section below!


text:
Q: Error in npm start I am new to angular.
I am getting these err on "npm start"

npm ERR! Windows_NT 10.0.17134
npm ERR! argv "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Users\\lenovo\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\npm\\bin\\npm-cli.js" "start"
npm ERR! node v6.14.0
npm ERR! npm  v3.10.10

npm ERR! missing script: start
npm ERR!
npm ERR! If you need help, you may report this error at:
npm ERR!     <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues>

npm ERR! Please include the following file with any support request:
npm ERR!     C:\Users\lenovo\npm-debug.log

A: Your package.json don't have script start.
Example :
{
    "name: "my project",

    /* you should create scripts same here */
    "scripts":{
        "start": "node index.js"  /* index.js is file you want run */
    }
}

A: i think your lenovo folder doesn't have package.json file
error said that
> npm ERR! enoent ENOENT: no such file or directory, open
> 'C:\Users\lenovo\package.json'

start your angular journey from here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
[GREENAWAY ART GALLERY ]
Director: Paul R Greenaway OAM
39 Rundle Street, Kent Town,
[enter via laneway]
F +61 (8) 8362 0890
E gag@greenaway.com.au
11am - 6pm Tues - Fri
12pm - 4pm Sat & Sun
GAGPROJECTS :
Korogo Project, aid and support for the Villages on Middle Sepik of Papua Niu Guini
Phasmid Studios, artist residential studios Berlin
The Distillery creative marketing science @ GAG Kent Town
Art Moods framing services @ GAG Kent Town
GAGPROJECTS (previously known as Greenaway Art Gallery) was established by Paul Greenaway OAM in 1991, in a large converted warehouse in Kent Town, South Australia. The gallery's focus has been always to promote the best local and national contemporary artists, complemented with regular invitations to artists from other countries, maintaining a strong focus on conceptual and challenging disciplines in a variety of mediums.
The gallery currently represents 26 artists, and collaborate in irregular basis with other guests or associated artists and institutions.
Since 2008 the activities of the gallery started to expand into new realms, and a project space was opened in Berlin-Mitte. The objective of GAGPROJECTS was to open new avenues beyond the gallery system; the projects span from aiding in artists' productions and promotion, as much as engaging in social and educational projects beyond the art field.
Since 2014, to consolidate the two areas of activities, Greenaway Art Gallery started operating as GAGPROJECTS, maintainting the Australian program, but shifting the Berlin location to Phasmid Studios, at the border of Lichtenberg and Marzahn districts, on the east side of Berlin, where it has joined forces with an artist residency program.
Attending all major art events on the international calendar, as well as participating in many art fairs each year, the gallery has established relationships with artists and galleries at an international level. This has enabled us to form bridges for purchases on behalf of clients, or source works for institutions and private collectors not easily accessed.
We want to convey to the first-time-visitor to our projects the sense of excitement and discovery we always have for art.
The Gallery Director, Paul Greenaway OAM, is a Australian Government Approved Valuer, and advice can be given to collectors at every level.
all images and content © the artists & GAGPROJECTS 2017


Also serving communities of Saint Peters, Bridgeton, Creve Coeur, Town And Country.
There are 10 Independent Living Communities in the St. Charles area, with 5 in St. Charles and 5 nearby.
The average cost of independent living in St. Charles is $2,215 per month. This is lower than the national median of $2,500.
To help you with your search, browse the 81 reviews below for independent living communities in St. Charles. On average, consumers rate independent living in St. Charles 4.6 out of 5 stars. Better rated regions include Wentzville with an average rating of 5.0 out of 5 stars.
Caring.com has helped 21 families in St. Charles find high-quality senior care. To speak with one of our Family Advisors about independent living options and costs in St. Charles, call (855) 863-8283.


text:
O Conselho de Ministros da Espanha é um órgão colegiado político-constitucional formado pelo presidente do governo da Espanha, os vices, se é lhe tido, os ministros e os outros membros que estabelecem a lei e em alguns casos os secretários de estado. Habitualmente se reúnem as sextas-feiras no Palácio da Moncloa, em Madrid, ainda que, em caráter excepcional, poderá ser realizada em qualquer outra cidade espanhola. Também por caráter excepcional poderá presidido pelo Rei da Espanha, a pedido do Primeiro-Ministro, cujo caso não é deliberativo, mas consultivo.

A convocatória e a Presidência do Conselho de Ministros correspondem ao presidente do governo, com a atuação do Secretário do Ministro da Presidência. Suas reuniões podem ter um caráter decisório ou deliberativo, levando-se em conta as atas dessas reuniões, que se figuram exclusivamente, as circunstâncias relativas ao tempo e ao lugar de sua celebração, a relação de assistentes, as modalidades e relatórios.

Em quanto ao regime de funcionamento; as reuniões do Conselho de Ministros poderão assistir os Secretários de Estado quando são convocados. As deliberações do Conselho serão secretas.

Além disso, como um órgão colegiado, a sua vontade se forma através da maioria absoluta dos seus membros.

Sua origem histórica está nas reuniões regulares com o rei e seus secretários de Estado e do despacho durante o século XVIII. Foi criada como um órgão colegiado mediante o Decreto Real de 19 de Novembro de 1823, pelo que ordena a S.M para o acerto de suas deliberações a formação de um Conselho que será chamado de Ministros, sendo estes os Secretários de Estado e do Despacho. Atualmente, é regida pelo artigo 97 da Constituição espanhola de 1978.

Exerce a função executiva e a potestade regulamentar:

Iniciativa legislativa, por si próprio ou um projeto de lei que aprova o projeto de lei e submete a aprovação pelo Congresso de Deputados;
Dita normas com força de lei que o Congresso dos Deputados a delega;
Dita decretos e leis por urgente necessidade;
Garante o cumprimento de tratados internacionais e as resoluções de órgãos internacionais e supranacionais;
Potestade regulamentar;
Elaboração de projetos de planificação, orçamentos gerais do Estado.

Embora na Espanha o governo seja o órgão predominante do Estado, como ocorre em muitos países, não significa que não esteja sujeita a qualquer controle, o Governo, tal como previsto no artigo 108 da Constituição, responde solidariamente à gestão política ante ao Congresso de Deputados.

Ministérios

Ver também
 Governo da Espanha
 Política da Espanha

Governo da Espanha
Política da Espanha
Ministérios da Espanha