text:
Environment & Energy Report
Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison
Photographer: Scott Olson/Getty Images
Exxon, Koch Hid Climate Change Impact for Decades, Suit Says (2)
By Clare Roth. Ellen Gilmer and Erik Lawson
Exxon Mobil Corp. and Koch Industries Inc. withheld critical information about the impact of fossil fuel use on climate change for decades, Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison said in announcing a lawsuit against the companies.
The suit, which also names the American Petroleum Institute, alleges the three violated the state's Consumer Fraud Act by issuing misleading statements about global warming and engaging in a 30-year "campaign of deception" even though they understood the threat as early as the 1950s.
"They didn't just not tell the truth," Ellison said at a news conference livestreamed on Twitter Wednesday. "They actually misled you."
Photographer: Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg
Minnesota is the first Midwestern state to get in on an expanding climate liability fight and the first plaintiff in the recent wave of cases to take aim at Koch Industries and the American Petroleum Institute. Its suit comes as Massachusetts pursues similar consumer protection claims against fossil fuel companies. All told, about a dozen cities, counties and states have sued Exxon, BP Plc, Chevron Corp. and Royal Dutch Shell Plc, among others, to make them compensate consumers and reimburse taxpayers for the costs of adapting to climate change, from building multi-billion-dollar sea walls to repairing damage from powerful storms.
Minnesota's lawsuit "is part of a coordinated, politically motivated campaign against energy companies" that wastes "millions of dollars of taxpayer money" without significantly alleviating climate change, Exxon spokesman Casey Norton said. He said the company would defend itself against the "baseless" suit and "continue to invest in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while meeting society's growing demand for energy."
The American Petroleum Institute said in a statement that "the record of the past two decades" shows the industry has provided U.S. consumers with "affordable, reliable" energy while significantly reducing carbon emissions. "Any suggestion to the contrary is false," said Paul Afonso, API's chief legal officer.
A Koch Industries media contact didn't respond to a website message seeking comment on the suit.
Many of the climate cases have been snarled in procedural battles for years, but several courts have recently given the green light for state and local governments to pursue their claims. Lawyers for Exxon, BP and other companies are pushing the U.S. Supreme Court to step in and block the litigation.
The Minnesota suit is similar to a sweeping complaint by Massachusetts that accuses Exxon of concealing its early knowledge of climate change from the public and misleading investors about the future financial impact of global warming. Massachusetts scored an early win in March when a federal judge ruled the case should go back to state court, where it was originally filed. Exxon wanted the matter in federal court.
In a December filing, Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey called Exxon's characterization of the case "self-serving and distorted," saying it's really about consumer protection, not claims of environmental violations that could be pre-empted by federal law.
New York lost a narrower case that focused on Exxon's internal planning for risks associated with climate change and said in January it wouldn't appeal.
Most of the climate litigation seeks damages through so-called public nuisance suits, though other claims, like negligence, are also often involved. Fossil fuel use runs counter to the inherent right to live in a habitable world, the argument goes, and the energy companies knew that right would be infringed when enough carbon was burned.
The environmental group Greenpeace said in a statement Wednesday that Minnesota's lawsuit comes as "companies like Exxon Mobil, Koch Industries, and the American Petroleum Institute paint themselves as climate allies" while working to "obscure the science of climate change."
(Updates with comment and analysis throughout)
--With assistance from Kevin Crowley.
To contact the reporters on this story:
Clare Roth in Kansas City at croth55@bloomberg.net;
Ellen Gilmer in Arlington at egilmer@bloomberg.net;
Erik Larson in New York at elarson4@bloomberg.net
To contact the editors responsible for this story:
David Glovin at dglovin@bloomberg.net
Peter Jeffrey
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How Inda-Gro EFDL Grow Lights Grow Great and Save Energy.
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Beginning with the proven efficiencies of low wattage and high output EFDL technology, Inda-Gro lamps combine a blend of unique rare earth phosphors to supply the proper spectrum for overall plant lighting needs.
Why is the proper grow light so important to my plants success?
Plant Growth and development are significantly influenced be both the quantity and quality of the light received, converted, through a process known as PHOTOSYNTHESIS, into energy which the plant requires to successfully mature. Proper indoor grow light, with a sun light spectrum, can also mitigate disease pressures that are often seen with plants grown outdoors. These plants are naturally affected by the number of cloudy days versus sunny days, humidity and leaf wetness. Lack of solar radiation may subject the plants to disease that the indoor grower can better control.
First introduced and patented in 1891 by Nikola Tesla, induction lamps, while expensive, were always prized for their High Lumens per watt, Low Operating Temperatures, Crisp Color, Long Lamp Life and Low Lumen Depreciation over their entire life. Inda-Gro EFDL Dual-Band-Spectrum lamps have affordably combined the proven benefits of this technology thereby supplying unique spectral requirements that are so essential for robust plant development.
Saves up to 70% in electrical loads.
Four Pro 400 Series will run on a single dedicated 120 volt 20 amp circuit. A built-in pre-conditioner (+/- 20v) for a stable internal supply voltage.
220VAC, or 277VAC and NEMA cord end options, please let me know.
World wide next day shipping of all stock items, once your fund transfer is verified.


text:
Q: loop and choice() function in Python I'm a novice programmer and I tried to write code for a challenge in my book with a loop that takes numbers and/or letters randomly to announce the winner of the lottery.
I'm trying to write code that:

*

*Takes a random object from a tuple 4 times that hasn't been picked

*Store each object in a list

*Print the list

from random import choice #Import choice() function from the random module

lottery_1 = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,'a','b','c','d','e')
lottery_winner = []

for i in range(4): #Takes 4 random numbers and/or letters
    random = choice(lottery_1)

    if random not in lottery_winner:
        lottery_winner.append(pulled_number)

print('$1M Winner\n')
print(lottery_winner)

sometimes it only picks 2 characters
result:
$1M Winner

[1, 'e']
>>>

Why did it happen?
What can I change to make it picks 4 characters?

A: This works for me:
>>> import random
>>> lottery_1 = (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,'a','b','c','d','e')
>>> random.sample(lottery_1, 4)
[1, 7, 'a', 'e']
>>>

A: It is, in fact, picking four characters. However, when one of the picked characters is already in lottery_winner, it's not added. In such a case, you end up with fewer than four total results.
lenik's answer is the most practical solution. However, if you're curious about the logic of how you'd go about it using the choice function, keep in mind that you need to either choose again when a repeat comes out of the hat, or you need to eliminate options from the hat as you go.
Option #1, try again whenever a winner is a repeat:
for i in range(4):
    new_winner = False # Initially, we have not found a new winner yet.
    while not new_winner: # Repeat the following as long as new_winner is false:
        random = choice(lottery_1)

        if random not in lottery_winner:
            lottery_winner.append(pulled_number)
            new_winner = True # We're done! The while loop won't run again.
                              # (The for loop will keep going, of course.)

Option #2, remove winners from the list each time, so they can't get picked again:
for i in range(4):
    random = choice(lottery_1)

    lottery_winner.append(pulled_number)
    lottery_1.remove(pulled_number) # Now it can't get chosen again.

Note that remove() removes the first instance of the specified value, which might not do what you want in cases where the values aren't unique.

A: import random

lottery_1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')

'''Instead of using the choice method which can randomly grab the same value,
i suggest that you use the sample method which ensures that you only get randomly unique values'''

# The k value represents the number of items that you want to get
lottery_winner = random.sample(lottery_1, k=4)

print('$1M Winner\n')
print(lottery_winner)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
City of Edinburgh Council Libraries and Information Services
Paul McCloskey
Lifelong Learning Strategic Manager (Community Learning & Development and Libraries)
After completing a postgraduate diploma in Librarianship at Aberystwyth, Paul worked as Lending and Special Services Librarian at Leighton Buzzard Library and Arts Centre in Bedfordshire. Moving to Edinburgh in 1986 Paul has worked in various library roles for the City of Edinburgh Council from Community Librarian to Lifelong Learning Strategic Manager. Paul studied Public Services Leadership at Queen Margaret University and was awarded a Postgraduate Diploma with distinction in 2017.
Paul is particularly interested in how libraries can help change the lives of those who don't have equal opportunities in life. His team has won several national and international awards for their successful engagement with people who may need additional support. Awards include Scottish Sensory Award (2016) in partnership with NHS Audiology Department, Library Staff from Edinburgh & Lothians and reception staff from Community Health Centres and GP practices for the hearing aid battery in library scheme; COSLA Delivering Excellence (2016) and International Jodi Award (2015) for the Visually Impaired People (VIP) initiative (using assistive technology to support independent living for people with sight loss); Libraries Change Lives for improving offender outcomes (HMP Edinburgh Prison Library); Standard Life Partnerships in Practice and COSLA Delivering Excellence (for Edinburgh Reading Champion initiative for looked after and accommodated children and young people).
Edinburgh City Libraries hosts the annual Edge conference, showcasing and sharing good practice worldwide on the power of libraries and library services to change lives, making a sustained difference for people and for communities.
Cleo Jones – Lifelong Learning Strategic Officer (Libraries)
Cleo Jones is a senior Library Manager with a background in Schools and Children's Libraries. She is currently Lifelong Learning Development Officer ( Libraries) for the City of Edinburgh Council and has a wide remit, including Children's, school's and mobile libraries. She is actively involved in the city's Literacy Improvement Team and works hard to ensure that there are the best opportunities for all children and young people to develop their literacy to improve their life chances. She also has health and wellbeing in her remit and is responsible for MacMillan @edinburgh libraries and our work with Dyslexia, Autism and Hearing loss awareness. She is involved in the wider library world, she is currently chair of ELISA (Edinburgh Library and Information Services Agency) and is co-chair of the Information Literacy Community of Practice.
Gráinne Crawford
Lifelong Learning Development Officer (Libraries)
Gráinne sits within the Strategic group for Libraries. Gráinne assists libraries with their varied events, from running seminars for internal and external people to managing EDGE from its concept to EDGE2020. Gráinne connects the EDGE Team with successful contacts for sponsorship and partnerships. Her remit also covers the production of Get Up & Go – a magazine and online community information for those aged 50+ – unique to Edinburgh.
Gráinne is part of the Edinburgh Reads programme for Edinburgh Libraries and works closely with the Edinburgh International Book Festival and Dyslexia Scotland for Dyslexia Awareness week, and is a team player in implementing Edinburgh Libraries' Reading Strategy to a wider audience.
Gaynor Bowers
Macmillan Programme Officer
Gaynor is responsible for the delivery of improved access to cancer information and support in Edinburgh's 28 Neighbourhood Libraries for the partnership between Macmillan Cancer Support and Edinburgh Library and Information Service. Gaynor has been a member of the Libraries Strategic Business Unit for the past 6 years and this will be her 6th year being part of the EDGE team.
Please fill out the form below to be added to the Edge database and keep up to date.
By using this form you agree with our policies.
Copyright 2011 Edge Conference
T&C's Privacy & Cookies Your Library Design & build Eskimo

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Procore launched the industry's first construction project management app on the App Store in May 2010. That was just over eight years ago, less than two years after Apple introduced the App Store to the world.
Over the years we've made a number of significant updates and improvements to our app, and today we're excited to announce the availability of a fully redesigned Procore app that gives our users a best in class experience on iOS for the iPhone and iPad.
Because Procore is drawings centric we have promoted Drawings to be one tap away from almost any screen in the app. This makes navigating around the app and between tools so much quicker and easier.
Today, Procore has four lines of products; Project Management, Construction Financials, Quality & Safety, and most recently Field Productivity. As Procore has expanded its product lines and feature functionality, the mobile experience has been optimized to allow users to quickly navigate to the tools and features that they rely on the most. Our investment in the product has resulted in Procore being recognized as one of the best construction apps for iOS and Android by Dumpsters.
The construction industry continues to increase its use of mobile software and devices, creating efficiencies throughout the construction process by connecting the field to the office. We're excited to have Procore become an Apple Mobility Partner to provide a best-in-class experience on iOS to all our users. Construction is complicated enough so we need to ensure that our iOS app is simple and intuitive to use.
Procore customers can lease customized iOS device bundles specifically designed for the needs of construction firms. Procore client WIELAND is leveraging the offering to setup a fully digital jobsite by ensuring that everyone who steps foot on the project is equipped with iPad Pros running the latest version of Procore for iOS that can be checked out by employees and subcontractors.
"We're transforming a remote 110-acre site in the Midwest into one of the most technologically advanced construction projects in North America," said Rob Krueger, CEO, WIELAND. "At the peak of construction, nearly 200 iPad Pros will be running Procore and connected through a project-wide Wi-Fi mesh network."
"For years, we've wanted the entire project team to have the best-in-class experience that WIELAND has utilized. Today, 100% utilization has become a reality," added Krueger. "WIELAND is making the iPad Pro 12.9 available to project owners, designers, subcontractors and suppliers so that the entire construction lifecycle is connected in one central hub."
Procore for iOS is available on the App Store.


Barbie is secretly in love with Ken, but he doesn't seem to notice her. What can she do to grab his attention? She has found the perfect opportunity in the elegant ball that is taking place tonight. Help her prep for this marvelous event. Will she succeed in winning Ken's heart?


text:
Good Samaritan killed after helping 2 South Carolina teens pull SUV from ditch
Deon Frasier, 17, left, and Michael Dupree-Taylor, 19 (CCDC)
Two South Carolina teens were arrested on murder charges Monday after allegedly killing a Good Samaritan who helped the pair pull their vehicle out of a ditch.
WCSC-TV reported that Deon Frasier, 17, and Michael Dupree-Taylor, 19, were denied bond Tuesday after they were arrested at a North Charleston apartment.
According to a North Charleston police affidavit, the two teens asked the victim, identified as 45-year-old Chadwick Garrett, to help them pull their 2016 Dodge Durango out of a ditch. Witnesses told authorities that Garrett agreed to help the pair with their SUV for $20.
Chadwick Garrett (Facebook)
Authorities said that after Garrett helped the pair pull the vehicle out of the ditch, Garrett asked Frasier and Dupree-Taylor about the $20 when Frasier took out a gun and allegedly fired several rounds and struck Garrett in the chest.
The station, citing the affidavit, reported that Frasier jumped into the passenger side of the SUV and Dupree-Taylor was in the driver's seat as they fled the scene.
Authorities said a female called 911 about 20 minutes after the shooting about her SUV being used without her permission. Investigators said the woman accurately described the vehicle that was used to leave the scene of the murder and the two suspects who were driving.
According to WCSC-TV, police officers arrived at the female's apartment and she told authorities that Frasier and Dupree-Taylor were inside. Police said there was a brief standoff, but they surrendered without incident.
Investigators said that Dupree-Taylor had confessed to being at the scene of the shooting, while Frasier confessed to being the gunman that shot and killed Garrett.
Violent Crime Rates in Charleston County | FindTheHome
An unidentified witness told WCSC-TV that she heard the gunshots.
"I heard about three gunshots because I was sitting down getting ready to eat, I thought it was firecrackers," she said. "It's dirty, evil."
At the bond hearing Tuesday, Garrett's family called the two teens "cowards."
Frasier was also charged with possession of a weapon during a violent crime, WCSC-TV reported.
Click for more from WCSC-TV.


When structured properly, a home mortgage can be a tool to help you build net worth. However, when not properly managed, a mortgage can cause excess burden and be a financial and emotional drain. In the current environment of distressed home values and inevitable interest rate increases, now is the time to ensure that you have a mortgage strategy that is in line with your long-term goals. When advising my clients on their next mortgage, we consider much more than just their loan.
Listing your home without first being approved for your next home purchase.
Borrowing more than you can afford or accepting a short amortization with a payment that is not sustainable within your budget.
Not addressing credit challenges in time to help improve your score.
Putting down your entire savings and not maintaining an adequate cash reserve.
Not considering consumer debts or other investment opportunities when determining how much to put down on your home.
By avoiding these common mistakes you can help ensure you are making wise decisions regarding your mortgage that will be most beneficial to you in the long term. Please contact me to discuss how these and other potential pitfalls can be avoided. By having these discussions early in your home buying process, you will be better prepared when the time comes to close on your next home.


text:
About AWA
The AWA Board
AWA History & Info
Law School Awards
Wynne Professionalism Award
Dot Waldrup Memorial Award
Food From The Bar
Contact the AWA
Seeking Lawyers To Help Hispanic and Women Farmers in Discrimination Claims Process
by admin1 | Dec 26, 2012 | News
The National Agricultural Law Center is looking for lawyers to assist Hispanic and women farmers complete and submit claims forms in a non-judicial process to resolve past claims of discrimination in United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Loan Programs for certain periods between 1981 and 2000. (Additional details about the HWFRCP are available on the official claims process website here and on the National Agricultural Law Center website here. The window to submit claims for this program began in September of 2012 and ends in March of 2013. Through the claims process, the United States government is making available $1.33 billion or more from the Judgment Fund for monetary awards, up to $160 million in debt relief, and, in some instances, tax relief for this claims process.
Farmers' Legal Action Group, Inc. and the National Agricultural Law Center are working with USDA to develop a network of attorneys willing to assist Hispanic and women farmers in completing and submitting claims forms. For more information, you can check out USDA's Attorney Recruitment Notice here.
The names and contact information of attorneys who are part of the Legal Assistance Network will be widely and freely available to claimants interested in working with an attorney to complete the official Claim Form. In order to become part of the network, interested attorneys have to watch a training video and submit their contact information. Lawyers who do the training can either handle the claims (estimated 5-10 hours of work) pro bono or for a fee negotiated with the client.
If you are intereested, please contact Harrison Pittman, Director of the National Agricultural Law Center:
hmpittm@uark.edu
Association for Women Attorneys ©2021 | Proudly Powered by NOC Desk


text:
Bisphenol A Linked With Decreased Sperm Quality, Quantity
ANN ARBOR, Michigan, August 3, 2010 (ENS) – In one of the first human studies of its kind, researchers have found that urinary concentrations of the controversial chemical Bisphenol A, or BPA, may be related to decreased sperm quality and sperm concentration.
BPA mimics the body's own hormones and may lead to negative health effects, say critics of the chemical.
BPA is most commonly used to make plastics and epoxy resins used to line food and beverage cans, and people are exposed primarily through diet, although other routes are possible such as exposure through the skin when handling paper used to print cash register receipts.
Bisphenol A is found in the linings of canned food. (Photo by Oak Grove Library)
Globally, more than six billion pounds of BPA are produced each year.
"Much of the focus for BPA is on the exposures in utero or in early life, which is of course extremely important, but this suggests exposure may also be a concern for adults," said the study's lead author, John Meeker, assistant professor of Environmental Health Sciences at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
"Research should focus on impacts of exposure throughout multiple life stages," Meeker said.
Russ Hauser, a professor of reproductive physiology at Harvard School of Public Health, contributed to the research along with colleagues at Massachusetts General Hospital and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a government agency.
The study is published in the current issue of the journal "Reproductive Toxicology."
Meeker and Hauser recruited 190 men through a fertility clinic. All gave spot urine samples and sperm samples the same day. Subsequently, 78 of the men gave one or two additional urine samples a month apart.
Researchers detected BPA in 89 percent of the urine samples.
Researchers measured sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm shape and DNA damage in the sperm cell.
"We found that if we compare somebody in the top quartile of exposure with the lowest quartile of exposure, sperm concentration was on average about 23 percent lower in men with the highest BPA," Meeker said.
Results also suggested a 10 percent increase in sperm DNA damage.
Several previous studies have documented adverse effects of BPA on semen in rodents, but this is the first to report the effects of BPA on semen in humans.
The results are consistent with a previous study by Meeker and Hauser suggesting that certain hormones – follicle-stimulating hormone and Inhibin B – are elevated or decreased in relation to BPA, respectively, a pattern consistent with low sperm production and development.
Due to the study's relatively small sample size and design, the scientists say their results are "preliminary and more study is needed."
"The study from which these data came is currently in progress," Hauser said. "With a larger sample size and enhanced study design, we will be able to more definitively investigate this preliminary association in the near future."


Dear visitors of Monumenta Altaica!
Your proposals, recommendation and complaints you can send by e-mail to Ilya Gruntov.
I should express my gratitude to all people who helped me in compiling materials for this site, and especially to Yoshio Saito, Ariel Lorencio m http://laurencio.webz.cz, S.Yu. Nekludov m www.ruthenia.ru, Zhargal Badagarov, Alexandr Lidzhiev and Pavel Rykin.
Special thanks go to Rustam Abdumanapov m www.kyrgyz.ru, who consulted me in developing web-design for this site.


text:
Home » TV & Movies » Put it down! Rochelle Humes and Vernon Kay in panic as guest balances chimney on head
Put it down! Rochelle Humes and Vernon Kay in panic as guest balances chimney on head
This Morning guest balances a chimney on his head
Tuesday's instalment of the ITV show saw the bizarre talent being showcased by John, 78, who appeared live via video to impress This Morning viewers. Eager to break his record, the 78-year-old carried an entire chimney on his head for a long period as he explained he was doing it for the viewers as well as charity. Temporary presenters Vernon Kay and Rochelle Humes though admitted they were "worried" as the Christmas fan didn't seem to want to put the chimney back down.
Dressed in a Father Christmas outfit for his appearance, John explained he'd be lifting the chimney on his head.
As he balanced the huge item, he seemed to be steady on his feet but admitted he had never done it for so long before.
"I'm 78 years old and I'm running around with a chimney on my head like a young one," he commented.
Rochelle and Vernon laughed as they watched the guest begin to stagger about.
He added: "Here I go, I better keep going. I'm doing this as long as I can for you."
"That is absolutely fantastic," Vernon, 47, stated.
Looking concerned, Rochelle, 32, added: "It's brilliant… I mean how long do you do this for John?
"I'm worried. I'm getting a little bit – are we still good?" Rochelle added as panic began to set in.
Still under the weight of the heavy chimney, he replied: "I'm doing it extra special, for you.
"Just because you sound so nice in my earhole."
"Awww," the presenters said in unison.
"What a guy!" Vernon beamed. "Well, you know what John, you can put that down!"
Continuing to try to stand firmly on the spot, but beginning to wobble a bit, John continued: "I just want to get sponsored now for the partially sighted."
"Absolutely," Rochelle responded still clearly worried the chimney may topple. "Anybody who's watching today and they-"
John cut in to add: "This is my best ever balancing this is, you know!"
Stunned, Vernon commented: "He's keeping going!"
"He's not stopping, he's literally not stopping," Rochelle observed.
"John, you can put it down if you want to!" Vernon reminded him, also concerned.
"Put it down!" Rochelle repeated as the guest began to walk and remove the chimney from his head.
Reacting to the segment, Twitter user Amy Elizabeth wrote: "John balancing a chimney on his head to raise money for the blind & partially sighted is the most heartwarming thing I've seen on TV all year, what an amazing man … he KEPT bringing it back to the charity Red heart #hero #ThisMorning."
Elaine penned: "John is amazing love him what a character when he said "Did you like that" he reminded me of the great late Fred Dibnah. Well done John! #ThisMorning."
"Well done John. Brilliant. #ThisMorning," Jessacc commented. (sic)
This Morning airs weekdays at 10am on ITV.
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From the *Shriners Hospital and Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the †Rehabilitationskrankenhaus, Langensteinbach, Germany, the ‡Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, the §University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, Colorado, and the ∥University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
Study Design.This was a prospective study of two cohort groups of patients (one group receiving anterior instrumentation and the other posterior instrumentation) receiving treatment for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis.Objective.To present the 2-year postoperative results of a prospective multicenter study comparing the use of anterior instrumentation with that of posterior multisegmented hook instrumentation for the correction of adolescent thoracic idiopathic scoliosis.Summary of Background Data.Despite reports of satisfactory results, problems have been reported with posterior systems, including worsening of the lumbar curve after surgery and failure to correct hypokyphosis. Theoretically, the advantages of anterior instrumentation include prevention of lumbar curve decompensation by shortening the convexity of the thoracic curve. In addition, by removing the disc, better correction of thoracic hypokyphosis could be obtained.Methods.Seventy-eight patients who underwent an anterior spinal fusion using flexible threaded rods and nuts (Harms-MOSS instrumentation, De Puy-Motech-Acromed, Cleveland, OH) were analyzed and compared with 100 patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion with multisegmented hook systems. Parameters of comparison included coronal and sagittal correction, balance, distal lumbar fusion levels, and complications. All patients had idiopathic thoracic curves of King Types II to V. The average age at surgery was 14 years in each group, the average preoperative curve 57°, and the minimum duration of follow-up for all patients 24 months. All data were collected prospectively and analyzed via Epi Info statistical analysis (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA).Results.Average coronal correction of the main thoracic curve was 58% in the anterior group and 59% in the posterior group (P = 0.92). Analysis of sagittal contour showed that the posterior systems failed to correct a preoperative hypokyphosis (sagittal T5 to T12 less than 20°) in 60% of cases, whereas 81% were normal postoperatively in the anterior group. However, hyperkyphosis (sagittal T5 to T12 greater than 40°) occurred after surgery in 40% of the anterior group when the preoperative kyphosis was greater than 20°. Postoperative coronal balance was equal in both groups. An average of 2.5 (range, 0-6) distal fusion levels were saved using the anterior spinal instrumentation according to the criteria used for determining posterior fusion levels in this study. Selective fusion of the thoracic curve (distal fusion level T11, T12, L1) was performed in 76 of 78 patients (97%) in the anterior group as compared with only 18 of 100 (18%) in the posterior group. Surgically confirmed pseudarthrosis occurred in 4 of 78 patients (5%) in the anterior group and in 1 of 100 patients (1%) in the posterior group (P = 0.10). Loss of correction greater than 10° occurred in 18 of 78 patients (23%) in the anterior group and in 12 of 100 patients (12%) in the posterior group (P = 0.01). Implant breakage occurred in 24 patients (31%) of the anterior group and in only 1 patient (1%) of the posterior group.Conclusions.1) Coronal correction and balance were equal in both the anterior and posterior groups, even though the anterior group had the majority of curves (97%) fused short or to L1, whereas only 18% were fused short or to L1 in the posterior group. 2) In the anterior group there was a better correction of sagittal profile in those with a preoperative hypokyphosis less than 20°. However, hyperkyphosis (with a mean of 54°) occurred in 40% of those in the anterior group with a preoperative kyphosis of more than 20°. 3) An average of 2.5 lumbar levels can be saved with anterior fusion and instrumentation according to the criteria used for choosing posterior fusion levels in this study. 4) Using the 3.2-mm flexible rod in this study, loss of correction, pseudarthrosis, and rod breakage were unacceptably higher in the anterior group than in the posterior group. Structural anterior support and a stronger implant are needed.


text:
Q: linking functions with purrr and referencing nested variables I'm scraping data from a large online database (GBIF), which requires three steps: (1) match a GBIF "key" identifier to a species name, (2) send a query to the database, getting a download key ("res") in return, and (3) download, import, and filter the data associated with that species. I've written a function for each of these (not including the actual code here, since it's unfortunately very long and requires login credentials):
get_gbif_key <- function(species) {}
get_gbif_res <- function(gbifkey) {}
get_gbif_dat <- function(gbifres) {}

I have a list of several hundred species to which I want to apply these three functions in order. I know they work individually, but I can't figure out how to feed them into each other (probably using purrr?) and reference the correct inputs from the nested outputs of the previous function.
So, for example:
> testlist <- c('Gadus morhua','Caretta caretta')
> testkey <- map(testlist, get_gbif_key)
> testkey
[[1]]
[1] 8084280

[[2]]
[1] 8894817

Here's where I'm stuck. I want to feed the keys in this list structure into the next function, but I don't know how to properly reference them using map or other functions. I can do it by manually creating a new list for the next function:
> testlist2 <- c('8084280','8894817')
> testres <- map(testlist2, get_gbif_res)
> testres
[[1]]
<<gbif download>>
  Username: XXXX
  E-mail: XXXX@gmail.com
  Download key: 0001342-180412121330197

[[2]]
<<gbif download>>
  Username: XXXX
  E-mail: XXXX@gmail.com
  Download key: 0001343-180412121330197

EDIT: the structure of this output may be posing a problem here. When I run listviewer::jsonedit(testres), it just looks like a normal nested list with entries 0 and 1 holding the two download keys. However, when I run str(testres), I get the following:
> str(testres)
List of 2
 $ :Class 'occ_download'  atomic [1:1] 0001342-180412121330197
  .. ..- attr(*, "user")= chr "XXXX"
  .. ..- attr(*, "email")= chr "XXXX@gmail.com"
 $ :Class 'occ_download'  atomic [1:1] 0001343-180412121330197
  .. ..- attr(*, "user")= chr "XXXX"
  .. ..- attr(*, "email")= chr "XXXX@gmail.com"

And, again, for the third one:
> testlist3 <- c('0001342-180412121330197','0001343-180412121330197')
> testdat <- map(testlist3, get_gbif_dat)

Which successfully loads a list object with the desired data into R (it has two unnamed elements, 0 and 1, each of which is a list of 28 requested variables for each species). Any advice for scripting this get_gbif_key %>% get_gbif_res %>% get_gbif_dat workflow in a way that unpacks the preceding list structures correctly?

A: Here's what you should try based on the evidence provided so far. Basically, the results suggest you should be able to succeed with nested map-ping:
      yourData <- map( unlist(    # to make same class as your single func version
                      map(
                          map(testlist,
                              get_gbif_key), # returns gbifkeys
                          get_gbif_res)),  # returns gbif_res's
                       get_gbif_dat)      # returns data items

The last item that you showed the structure for is just a list of atomic character vectors with some extra attributes and your functions seems to handle that without difficulty, so mapping should succeed.


text:
William Sartain's Lincoln and Family
By Justin Luke
Samuel B. Waugh. "Lincoln and his Family." Philadelphia: Bradley & Co., 1866. 17 1/2 x 24 3/4. Mezzotint with engraving by William Sartain. Printed by Irwin & Sartain. Very good impression. Very good condition. Holzer et al., The Lincoln Image, Fig. 80.
William Sartain's Lincoln and Family quantity
SKU: 17-98 Categories: Historical, Historical Figures
This is one of most famous prints of Lincoln, a family portrait based on a painting of Samuel B. Waugh and engraved by William Sartain. This print was copied by many other nineteenth century print publishers, but none equaled the quality of this rich engraving. Lincoln is shown with his two sons and wife surrounded by elegant furnishings of the White House. The family is grouped around a covered table, upon which lie two books, including the Bible. Lincoln and Tad sit to the left, and above Lincoln's right shoulder is a bust of George Washington, linking the martyred president with the 'father of the nation.' Outside the draped window is the outline of the Capitol dome, completed during Lincoln's terms. Mary Lincoln sits to the right, and Robert stands in the center between his parents. Over Robert's shoulder is a portrait of William Lincoln, who had died in 1862. Waugh makes use of clever symbolic lighting and artifacts, which was characteristic of portrait painting at this time. One symbol was described in a promotional circular, "On the table is a vase of flowers 'embracing the Roses of the North, and the Small Magnolia, Sweet Clematis, and Virginia Creeper, which bloom in profusion in the South,' all wreathed in harmony, emblematic of the friendly feeling that should exist between the people of the North and South, in the great vase of the UNION…"
Waugh's details are beautifully rendered by William Sartain, scion of the illustrious Philadelphia family of artists the patriarch of which was John Sartain. The concept and design of Waugh's painting was based on Edward Savage's famous image of George Washington and his family. It is interesting that John Sartain engraved a large mezzotint after the Washington family painting, so here William is following closely in his father's footsteps with his engraving of the Lincoln family. William was able to closely simulate the texture of the rich satins, soft woolens, and lustrous leather. At the time of its issue, this print was thought of as a first class example of print making, selling for as much as $20 for an artist's proof, and $7.25 for a regular print. As Holzer, et al. remark, "In its day, the Sartain engraving was considered the best print portrait of the Lincoln family." (The Lincoln Image, p. 171) This print was so popular that cartes-de-visite were published using photographs of the print, giving the illusion they were photographs of the actual family.


text:
Q: C#, ASP.NET MVC, Entity Framework : relationship multiplicity constraint violation I am having some issues trying to find out exactly where this issue is taking place. I have a Cart where Parts are put in. When I try to view the cart, I get this error. I have reviewed a bunch of other posts on this matter and they all seem to be related to ForeignKeys Or the way they are written in EntityTypeConfiguration. The issue is I do not have any of these.
I do my joins in models and occasionally I will use `[ForeignKey("")] in a model. The thing is I do not have any of this in this particular instance.. This code worked before. I have made some changes, however the changes I have made are not on the code for this view.
Here is the controller code:
public ActionResult Index()
{
   var cart = ShoppingCart.GetCart(this.HttpContext);

   // Set up our ViewModel
   var viewModel = new ShoppingCartViewModels
   {
      CartItems = cart.GetCartItems(),
      CartTotal = cart.GetTotal()
   };

    // Return the view
    return View(viewModel);
}

Here is the GetCart:
string ShoppingCartId { get; set; }

public const string CartSessionKey = "CartId";

public static ShoppingCart GetCart(HttpContextBase context)
{
   var cart = new ShoppingCart();
   cart.ShoppingCartId = cart.GetCartId(context);
   return cart;
}

// Helper method to simplify shopping cart calls
public static ShoppingCart GetCart(Controller controller)
{
   return GetCart(controller.HttpContext);
}

Here is the CartItems:
public List<Cart> GetCartItems()
{
  return storeDB.Carts.Where(cart => cart.CartId == ShoppingCartId).ToList();
}

Here is the Cart.cs:
public class Cart
{
    [Key]
    public int RecordId { get; set; }
    public string CartId { get; set; }
    public Guid Material { get; set; }
    public string Class { get; set; }
    public int Count { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Created")]
    [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:MM/dd/yyyy}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = false)]
    public System.DateTime DateCreated { get; set; }

    //public virtual Parts Parts { get; set; }
    public virtual ExtParts EParts { get; set; }

    public bool IsDelete { get; set; }
}

This is CartTotal:
public decimal GetTotal()
{
   decimal? total = (from cartItems in storeDB.Carts
                     where ((cartItems.CartId == ShoppingCartId) && (cartItems.Class != "MACH") || ( cartItems.Class != "PRT"))
                     select (int?)cartItems.Count * cartItems.EParts.SellingPrice).Sum() ?? 0;

   decimal? total2 = (from cartItems in storeDB.Carts
                     where ((cartItems.CartId == ShoppingCartId) && (cartItems.Class == "MACH") || (cartItems.Class == "PRT"))
                     select (int?)cartItems.Count * cartItems.EParts.MachinedPrice).Sum() ?? 0;

   decimal? totals = total + total2;

   return totals ?? decimal.Zero;
}

And here is the ExtParts.cs which is actually a SQL Server view:
public class ExtParts
{
    [Key]
    [Display(Name = "Part")]
    public Guid Material { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Drawing")]
    public string DrawingNumber { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Description")]
    [DataType(DataType.MultilineText)]
    public string Description { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Ext Desc")]
    [DataType(DataType.MultilineText)]
    public string ExtDescription { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Image")]
    public string PartImage { get; set; }

    public bool ShowPrice { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Part #")]
    public string PartNumber { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Stock")]
    public int? UnitsInStock { get; set; }

    [UIHint("_Status")]
    public bool? Status { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Created")]
    [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:MM/dd/yyyy}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = false)]
    public DateTime? CreatedDate { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Created By")]
    public string CreatedBy { get; set; }

    public Guid VendorId { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Vendor Ref")]
    public string VendorRef { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "UOM")]
    public string UnitOfMeasure { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Updated")]
    [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:MM/dd/yyyy}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = false)]
    public DateTime? UpdatedDate { get; set; }
    public string UpdatedBy { get; set; }
    public bool? IsDelete { get; set; }
    public string MakeOrBuy { get; set; }
    public string Class { get; set; }
    public decimal SellingPrice { get; set; }
    public decimal MachinedPrice { get; set; }
    public decimal LastCost { get; set; }

    public virtual List<OrderDetail> OrderDetails { get; set; }
}

Here is the SQL Server view statement that is used for the ExtParts.cs:
SELECT
    dbo.Parts.Material, dbo.Parts.DrawingNumber,
    dbo.Parts.Description, dbo.Parts.ExtDescription,
    dbo.Parts.PartImage, dbo.Parts.UnitsInStock,
    dbo.Parts.Status, dbo.Parts.CreatedDate,
    dbo.Parts.CreatedBy, dbo.Parts.UpdatedDate, dbo.Parts.UpdatedBy,
    dbo.Parts.IsDelete,
    dbo.Parts.PartNumber, dbo.Parts.Class, dbo.Parts.MakeOrBuy,
    dbo.Parts.ShowPrice, dbo.ProductMaster.SellingPrice,
    dbo.ProductMaster.LastCost, dbo.ProductMaster.MachinedPrice,
    dbo.ProductMaster.VendorRef, dbo.ProductMaster.UnitOfMeasure,
    dbo.ProductMaster.VendorId
FROM
    dbo.Parts
INNER JOIN
    dbo.ProductMaster ON dbo.Parts.Material = dbo.ProductMaster.Material

This is the model that is used for the View:
public class ShoppingCartViewModels
{
    public List<Cart> CartItems { get; set; }
    public decimal CartTotal { get; set; }
}

I know this is a lot of code to look at but I wanted to put as much as i could since i do not know where it is happening.. Thank you for your help!
I will be happy to show more code if needed.
I think i know where this is happening. ExtParts returns 2 records, these records are different Vendors for the same Part. Providing that i am fetching these from the table with the id of the part and not the vendor, it causes it to pull 2 exact records. I will check it out further and Let everyone know..


You may feel a little light-headed after treatment, if this occurs it is completely normal so take a seat and recover and make sure you drink plenty of water throughout the day.
If you need a massage as part of your treatment you may feel a little sore the next day so please be patient as this is a part of the healing crisis.
After Acupuncture it may take 2-3 days for you to feel the full benefit of your treatment, but it is not unusual to feel immediate relief. On rare occasions the site of the needle insertion can be a little tender but there is no need for concern.
If you need cupping as part of your treatment you could experience round shaped skin discolouration's that should slowly disperse over the 2-5 days and should be painless.
Unfortunately when most patients are lying face down on the treatment table they generally experience a blocked nose and slight light headedness, this will clear as soon as you are standing and shouldn't cause any lasting effects. We are not sure why this happens but maybe because the face is lower than the rest of the body?
Some people feel a little sleepy after their treatments, this is totally normal.


text:
Q: Entity not found in Advanced Fine->Edit Columns drop down Having an issue with Advanced Find->Edit Columns.
I have a Lead and Opportunity entity.  They both have a 1:N relationship to the same custom entity (Response).  Display options for relationships are "Use Plural Name."
I go to Advanced Find.  I select Lead (or Opportunity) in "Look For."  I can select Response and then its attributes.  Runs fine.
However, when I go to Edit Columns->Add Columns, I do not see Response in the drop down.
Hopefully someone out there has an idea of why this might be.
Thanks.

A: I think the problem is that Lead could have several related Responses (1:N relationship). But CRM can show only one, and cannot choose which one from related Responses to show. I case you will create view for Responses, you will be able to add fields from either related Leads or Opportunities.


text:
Public-Private Partnerships Contribute to Resilience Dialogues' Successful Beta Phase
By: Chris McEntee on 11 July 2017 at 7:01 am
Across the United States, local leaders are stepping up their commitment to climate adaptation and mitigation. In addition to our public voice about the urgent need to address climate change, AGU, working with U.S. Global Change Research Program and many other partners, is honored to support those local leaders through the Resilience Dialogues. At the end of June, this program, reached an exciting milestone and I can proudly share that the first 10 communities in the beta phase have now completed their dialogues.
The Resilience Dialogues fills a knowledge void; all cities and towns face the daunting task in identifying relevant scientific expertise and in sorting through and selecting a path forward in climate resilience from among a vast array of available options and resources. In smaller or more rural cities and towns, this task is even more complicated as these localities may not always have the expertise and experience needed to identify unintended consequences or cross-sector interdependencies of climate resilience. And, given the chance to sit down (virtually) and discuss this with a range of scientific and other experts, they can zero in on the best available resources to help them get started on reducing the impacts of climate change. The Resilience Dialogues then helps city leaders identify and connect with tools and resources that will be most relevant and tailored to their local needs. For example, if flooding causes roads and schools to close then parents can't report to work. The Resilience Dialogues can point cities to strategies other cities have used to manage this, federal programs that can help them mitigate flooding, and even data sets and scientific experts they can work with to estimate changing flood frequency.
The strength of the Resilience Dialogues lies in the depth and breadth of its partnerships which includes the following federal agency partners: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and of course our co-lead, the U.S. Global Change Research Program. It is supported by funding from the Kresge Foundation and at least 10 other partner organizations and companies serve on the leadership team or in other capacities. Representatives from partner networks and agencies participate in two weeks of asynchronous, facilitated online dialogues with the communities lending their expertise to a final report of key vulnerabilities, opportunities and resources discussed and identified.
The 10 communities participating in the Resilience Dialogues represent a diverse group of cities and towns across the United States that are seeking to adopt adaptation and resilience strategies in the face of very real impacts of climate change.
Photo of Downtown Whitefish, MT
The 10 participating communities were:
Mt. Shasta, CA
San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, CA
Menominee Reservation
Hallandale Beach, FL
Whitefish, MT
Broad partnerships are so critical to our success because communities participate in the dialogues for many reasons; they are interested in having conversations about sea level rise, changes in storm frequency, changes in severity of storms, how to maintain their tourism industry, protect residents, grow the local economy, and look at both new development and ensuring current infrastructure can survive for the next 50 years. Earth and space science plays an important role in those decisions and I'm proud of the efforts TEX and our federal and non-government partners have made to help communities make steps toward climate resilience that is grounded in sound science.
What the success of these first dialogues show is that many different regions across the country recognize the real effects of climate change and the need to address those effects. The Resilience Dialogues helps connect local communities to the most appropriate and best matched scientific expertise and resources for them, which includes key resources from and expertise within, and outside of, the federal government.
Climate resilience itself is not a partisan issue. It's something that communities, whether in a red state or a blue state, will face every day. Communities are going to continue to spend money on resiliency whether it comes before or after a natural disaster. Investment in resiliency makes sense financially—a Multihazard Mitigation Council study showed that every $1 spent by FEMA on hazard mitigation saves the U.S. $4 in the future. Changes within the administration's priorities or cuts to federal science funding are not going to stop communities from having to address the local impacts of climate change. Programs like the Resilience Dialogues are strongest thanks to the work of our network of partners and resiliency and adaptation planning are critical to keeping local infrastructure strong and ensuring public health and safety.
The next round of the Resilience Dialogues is a few months away, but if you'd be interested in participating, or know a community that might be, please contact the Resilience Dialogues here.
Climate changeCommunity scienceGovernanceResearch and newsScience and society
advocacyclimateCongressLeadershipPartnerships
An Overview of The Federal Budget Process and Congressional Recess Visits
Stand Up for Earth and Space Science: Meet with Your Legislator During August Recess


As a long range outdoor wireless device, the TL-WA7510N is designed to provide a WISP connection and long distance wireless networking solution. It operates seamlessly in the 5GHz frequency spectrum and provides wireless data transfer rates of up to 150Mbps. The device also features up to 500mw wireless transmission power and has a built-in 15dBi dual-polarized antenna which provides an efficient way to pick up and maintain a stable signal for a wireless network connection ranging multiple kilometers.
Operating on this broader and less crowded band, TL-WA7510N's 5GHz connections effectively ensure that the wireless signal is less likely to be congested and has its own, private path to guarantee stable performance.
Provides throughput monitor indicating the current wireless throughput.


text:
// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

/*
Package user allows user account lookups by name or id.

For most Unix systems, this package has two internal implementations of
resolving user and group ids to names. One is written in pure Go and
parses /etc/passwd and /etc/group. The other is cgo-based and relies on
the standard C library (libc) routines such as getpwuid_r and getgrnam_r.

When cgo is available, cgo-based (libc-backed) code is used by default.
This can be overridden by using osusergo build tag, which enforces
the pure Go implementation.
*/
package user

import (
	"strconv"
)

var (
	userImplemented  = true // set to false by lookup_stubs.go's init
	groupImplemented = true // set to false by lookup_stubs.go's init
)

// User represents a user account.
type User struct {
	// Uid is the user ID.
	// On POSIX systems, this is a decimal number representing the uid.
	// On Windows, this is a security identifier (SID) in a string format.
	// On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
	Uid string
	// Gid is the primary group ID.
	// On POSIX systems, this is a decimal number representing the gid.
	// On Windows, this is a SID in a string format.
	// On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
	Gid string
	// Username is the login name.
	Username string
	// Name is the user's real or display name.
	// It might be blank.
	// On POSIX systems, this is the first (or only) entry in the GECOS field
	// list.
	// On Windows, this is the user's display name.
	// On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
	Name string
	// HomeDir is the path to the user's home directory (if they have one).
	HomeDir string
}

// Group represents a grouping of users.
//
// On POSIX systems Gid contains a decimal number representing the group ID.
type Group struct {
	Gid  string // group ID
	Name string // group name
}

// UnknownUserIdError is returned by LookupId when a user cannot be found.
type UnknownUserIdError int

func (e UnknownUserIdError) Error() string {
	return "user: unknown userid " + strconv.Itoa(int(e))
}

// UnknownUserError is returned by Lookup when
// a user cannot be found.
type UnknownUserError string

func (e UnknownUserError) Error() string {
	return "user: unknown user " + string(e)
}

// UnknownGroupIdError is returned by LookupGroupId when
// a group cannot be found.
type UnknownGroupIdError string

func (e UnknownGroupIdError) Error() string {
	return "group: unknown groupid " + string(e)
}

// UnknownGroupError is returned by LookupGroup when
// a group cannot be found.
type UnknownGroupError string

func (e UnknownGroupError) Error() string {
	return "group: unknown group " + string(e)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Invitations to free seminars and discounts on training sessions throughout the year.
For example, 2016 brought a 'new' ATEX Directive and CE Marking framework and new scope to the IECEx Scheme (non-electrical) and sent this news via the newsletter. We also offer free update wall charts, free and discounted training and free Ex Software tools for product design and area classification via our newsletter.


For students who wish to perform in the musicals at our annual concert. Singing, dancing, miming and acting are all part of this super fun class.
Students are required to be enrolled in at least one dance class to be eligible for these classes.


Raab Gelling Xylitol allows you to prepare fruit preserves without adding sugar. Xylitol, also known as birch sugar, possesses the same sweetening power as regular sugar.
The proportion of fruit may be varied depending on the type of fruit and the desired firmness. For best results, please always use the entire package at once. Store jars in a cool, dark place and keep in the fridge once opened.
Note: Excessive consumption may produce laxative effects. Store tightly closed in a cool, dry place.


text:
Entertainment Heat
Prime source for breaking news on Hollywood Entertainment, including movies, television, reviews, and more.
News Article Topics
Businessthe latest news, information, and developments regarding Business, Public Figures, Celebrities, and other Entertainment industry Hot topics!
Crime & Legalthe latest news, information, and developments in Crime, Law, Litigation, Entertainment, Corporations, Politics, and other entertainment industry hot topics!
Culturethe latest news, information, and developments in various different Cultures, Public Figures, and more!
Health & Livingthe latest news, information, and developments in Health & Living Culture, Celebrities, Public Figures, and other entertainment industry hot topics!
Money/Financethe latest news, information, and developments in Finance, Money, Financial Wellness tips, Cryptocurrency, Digital Assets, and other entertainment industry hot topics!
Movies/Filmthe latest news, information, and developments regarding Films & Movies, Hollywood, Celebrities, and other Entertainment industry Hot topics!
Musicthe latest news, information, and developments in music, hiphop, culture, celebrities, and other entertainment industry hot topics!
Online Shoppingthe latest News, Information, Deals/Discounts, Tips, and developments regarding Shopping. Including reliable information and website to shop on.
Technology / InnovationThe latest information and news on techology, innovation, gadgets, and more
Televisionlatest news, information, and developments regarding Television Shows, Hollywood, Celebrities, and other Entertainment industry hot topics!
California Law Reclassifies Independent Contractors As Employees in 2020
California Governor Gavin Newsom recently signed into law a landmark piece of legislation, which will affect nearly every employer currently using independent contractors in California. This new legislation change effects businesses of all types, from writers, graphic designers and self tape audition studios, to transportation providers, doctors, and lawyers. Among many details, so key focus points are whether the "individual" performs work has control over their own schedule, work rate, and work performance, whether or not the individual openly and actively provides the same service to others, and if the individual performs work uncustomary to the hiring entities normal offered service(s).
in addition to whether or not the individual doesn't work for the said "employer" for an extended period of time, and doesn't conduct work that is the
The law, Assembly Bill 5 (AB-5), which will become Labor Code Section 2750.3 on January 1, 2020, changes California's test for determining whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor for purposes of the Labor Code, the Unemployment Insurance Code, and the wage orders of the Industrial Welfare Commission.
Under the new test, commonly called the "ABC Test," a worker is an independent contractor only if all of the following three elements are satisfied:
The person is free from the control and direction of the hiring entity in connection with the performance of the work, both under the contract for the performance of the work and in fact.
The person performs work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity's business.
The person is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, or business of the same nature as that involved in the work performed.
This test codified and expanded the California Supreme Court's decision in Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court of Los Angeles (2018) 4 Cal.5th 903 (Dynamex), and brought California in line with at least 11 other states who have already enacted identical, if not similar, independent contractor laws.
Dynamex
Dynamex was a perfect test case for the California Supreme Court. Dynamex, a same-day courier service, initially classified all of its drivers as employees and compensated them pursuant to applicable wage and hour laws. Then, in 2004, in an effort to reduce operating costs, the company converted all of its drivers to independent contractors. Subsequently, Dynamex required all workers to provide their own vehicles, pay for all of their transportation expenses – including fuel, tolls, vehicle maintenance, and vehicle liability insurance – as well as all taxes and workers' compensation insurance. The workers were also required to wear Dynamex shirts and badges, paid for out of their own pockets.
Despite these responsibilities and obligations, the drivers had significant autonomy. For example, while some of the drivers worked exclusively for Dynamex (including the class-plaintiffs), their employment was not exclusive and others worked simultaneously with competing carrier services. The drivers were also free to set their own schedule, so long as they notified Dynamex in advance, and had discretion to set their own delivery routes.
Things came to a head when two delivery drivers sued individually and on behalf of a class of allegedly similarly situated drivers, alleging Dynamex failed to pay overtime, provide itemized wage statements, and failed to compensate the drivers for business expenses, as required for employees under the California Labor Code.
Dynamex argued the drivers were not employees per their contracts or under current law (California's longstanding Borello test). Rather than follow the prevailing law in California, however, the California Supreme Court adopted the ABC Test, set forth above, to "streamline" and clarify the distinction between employees and independent contractors.
In applying the ABC Test to the Dynamex drivers, the Court found the drivers were employees. The Court found persuasive that:
Dynamex obtained the customers for its deliveries, set the rates that customers will be charged, notified the drivers where to pick up and deliver packages, tracked the packages, and required the drivers to utilize its tracking and recordkeeping system.
The delivery drivers' work was substantially within the usual course of Dynamex's usual delivery business.
There was a sufficient commonality of interest as to whether the drivers were customarily engaged in an independently established trade or business, to wit, parcel delivery.
The Court used several scenarios to support its rationale. For example, a plumber who is hired to repair a bathroom leak in a retail store does not engage in the store's usual course of business (retail), and therefore would likely be an independent contractor under the ABC Test. On the other hand, if a clothing manufacturer hires a work-at-home seamstress to make clothes from cloth and patterns supplied by the company, that would likely fall within the scope of an independent contractor relationship.
Despite its vast restructuring of the employee classification framework, the Dynamex decision applies only to suits premised on violations of California's Industrial Welfare Commission wage orders. (See Francisco Gonzales v. San Gabriel Transit, Inc. (Cal. App. 2d Dist. Oct. 8, 2019). However, subject to the exceptions noted below, AB-5 will apply the ABC test to all work performed on or after January 1, 2020 for purposes of the Labor Code, the Unemployment Insurance Code, and the and wage orders of the Industrial Welfare Commission.
Statutory Exceptions
AB-5 exempts certain specific professions as outside the scope of the ABC Test, Cal. Lab. Code § 2750.3, including, among others:
Licensed insurance agents.
Licensed health care professionals.
Registered securities broker-dealers or investment advisors.
Direct sales salespersons.
Real estate licensees.
Commercial fishermen.
Workers providing barber or cosmetology services.
Construction subcontractors.
Contracts for professional services.
The list of exceptions has been debated and lobbied extensively, and may undergo additional revisions.
If your business relies upon workers' independent contractor status to reduce operational costs and insulate vicarious liability, January 1, 2020 is going to represent a sea-change in your employment practice. Unless your current independent contractors fall within one of the enumerated exceptions, discussed above, they are most likely going to reclassified as employees and afforded all the attendant rights and protections.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.
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Chilling Look Inside What Appear to be Chinese Detention Camps
Peruvian Entrepreneurs Launch Banana Leaf Plates that are Biodegradable
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Praises is an interesting Canadian singer-songwriter, musician and producer from Toronto. She announced the release of the first full-length. In This Year: Ten of Swords is out on December 7th via Hand Drawn Dracula (Chastity, Tallies, Dusted). "Love Unkind" is the first excerpt which shows the dark mood of the sound, with a minimal and haunting piano melting with fluid electronic lines and her delicate vocals. Listen below.


Skelmersdale volunteers are needed to care for puppies from eight weeks old to around a year to "socialise" them.
Dogs for Good charity would love to hear from you if you live in these areas, have a secure garden and won't be away from the pup for more than four hours a day.
The puppies are destined to become life-changing assistance dogs supporting adults and children with a range of disabilities and families of a child with autism, or therapy dogs working in special educational needs schools and with adults with autism.
Puppy socialisers train their pups in basic obedience and introduce them to a variety of environments (e.g. shopping centres, cafes, hospitals, sports clubs and on trains and buses) to help them become confident, well-behaved dogs in places they will encounter as working dogs.
Dogs for Good staff provide excellent support and run regular puppy classes locally.
ITV actor from Emmerdale, Coronation Street, Shameless and Scott & Bailey Jo Bennett is leading the appeal for Dogs for Good.
She said: "I was instantly hooked; to combine my love of dogs and my desire to help people and give something back to society was a dream come true. To play a small part in providing people with life-changing assistance dogs is so rewarding."
Potential volunteers please visit www.dogsforgood.org to find out more and check you fulfil the criteria for the role.


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Paul Piaget (ur. 1905) – szwajcarski wioślarz, brązowy medalista igrzysk olimpijskich.

Piaget zdobył srebrny medal podczas mistrzostw Europy w wioślarstwie w rywalizacji dwójek ze sternikiem w 1920 w Mâcon. Kilka tygodni później reprezentował Szwajcarię na Letnich Igrzyskach Olimpijskich, odbywających się w Antwerpii. Zdobył brązowy medal w dwójce ze sternikiem. Zarówno w czasie igrzysk jak i na ME, członkami jego osady byli Édouard Candeveau i Alfred Felber.

Przypisy

Urodzeni w 1905
Nieznana data śmierci
Szwajcarscy wioślarze
Szwajcarscy medaliści olimpijscy
Medaliści Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 1920

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Angel Trains
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location_on 123 Victoria Street London SW1E 6DE
Description UK's largest passenger rolling stock company
Geography United Kingdom
Investment date 2008
AMP Capital Stake 65.2%
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