text:
STS-134
Endeavour docked to the ISS, taken from Soyuz TMA-20
ISS assembly
SATCAT №
15 days, 17 hours, 38 minutes, 51 seconds
Distance travelled
10,477,185 km (6,510,221 mi)
Space Shuttle Endeavour
2,052,443 kilograms (4,524,863 lb) (total)
121,830 kilograms (268,580 lb) (orbiter)[1][2]
Landing mass
92,240 kilograms (203,354 lb)[1][2]
Payload mass
15,770 kilograms (34,760 lb)[1][2]
Crew size
Mark E. Kelly
Gregory H. Johnson
Michael Fincke
Roberto Vittori
Andrew J. Feustel
Gregory Chamitoff
16 May 2011, 12:56:28 (2011-05-16UTC12:56:28Z) UTC[3][4][5][6]
Kennedy LC-39A
Landing date
1 June 2011, 06:35 (2011-06-01UTC06:36Z) UTC[7]
Landing site
Kennedy SLF Runway 15
Low Earth
Perigee
321 kilometres (199 mi)[8]
91.17 minutes[8]
17 May 2011[8]
Docking with ISS
Docking port
(Harmony forward)
Docking date
18 May 2011, 10:14 UTC
Undocking date
Time docked
11 days, 17 hours, 41 minutes
Pictured clockwise in the STS-134 crew portrait are NASA astronauts Mark Kelly (bottom center), commander; Gregory H. Johnson, pilot; Michael Fincke, Greg Chamitoff, Andrew Feustel and European Space Agency's Roberto Vittori, all mission specialists.
← STS-133 STS-135 →
STS-134 (ISS assembly flight ULF6)[9] was the penultimate mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the 25th and last spaceflight of Space Shuttle Endeavour.[10] This flight delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and an ExPRESS Logistics Carrier to the International Space Station.[11] Mark Kelly served as the mission commander. STS-134 was expected to be the final space shuttle mission if STS-135 did not receive funding from Congress. However, in February 2011, NASA stated that STS-135 would fly "regardless" of the funding situation.[12][13] STS-135, flown by Atlantis, took advantage of the processing for STS-335, the Launch On Need mission that would have been necessary if the STS-134 crew became stranded in orbit.
Changes in the design of the main payload, AMS-02, as well as delays to STS-133, led to delays in the mission. The first launch attempt on 29 April 2011 was scrubbed at 12:20 pm by launch managers due to problems with two heaters on one of the orbiter's auxiliary power units (APU). Endeavour launched successfully at 08:56:28 EDT (12:56:28 UTC)[14] on 16 May 2011,[15] and landed for the final time on 1 June 2011.[16]
1 Crew
3 Mission payload
3.1 Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2
3.2 ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 3
3.3 Materials on International Space Station Experiment
3.4 Sensor Test of Orion Rel-nav Risk Mitigation Detailed Test Objective kit
3.5 GLACIER Freezer Module
3.6 Orbiter Boom Sensor System
3.7 Lego kits
3.8 Shuttle LIFE
3.9 STEM Bars
3.10 The Little Mole
4 Mission experiments
5 Mission milestones
6 Shuttle processing
6.1 Rollout
6.2 Launchpad fatality
7 Mission timeline
7.1 16 May (Flight Day 1 – Launch)
7.2 17 May (Flight Day 2 – OBSS inspection)
7.3 18 May (Flight Day 3 – ISS rendezvous and ELC installation)
7.4 19 May (Flight Day 4 – AMS-2 installation)
7.5 20 May (Flight Day 5 – EVA 1)
7.6 21 May (Flight Day 6)
7.10 25 May (Flight Day 10 – EVA 3)
7.11 26 May (Flight Day 11)
7.15 30 May (Flight Day 15 – Undocking)
7.17 1 June (Flight Day 17 – Re-entry and landing)
8 Spacewalks
9 Launch attempts
10 Wake-up calls
Mission poster, based on a Star Trek promotional poster.[17][18]
The crew arrive at the Shuttle Landing Facility in T-38 jets on 26 April 2011.
NASA announced the STS-134 crew on 10 August 2009.[19]
Fourth spaceflight
Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1
Third spaceflight
Roberto Vittori, ESA
On 13 January 2011, after the 2011 Tucson shooting in which Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, Mark Kelly's wife, was critically wounded, NASA named Frederick W. Sturckow as backup commander for this mission.[20]
Roberto Vittori from Italy was the last non-U.S. astronaut to fly with the shuttle.
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STS-134 Space Shuttle launch
The Space Shuttle had been scheduled to be retired from service after STS-133, but controversy over the cancellation of several International Space Station components, most notably the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, in order to meet deadlines for the retirement of the shuttle, caused the United States Government to consider ordering an additional mission.[21] On 19 June 2008, the United States House of Representatives passed the NASA Authorization Act of 2008, giving NASA funding for one additional mission to "deliver science experiments to the station".[21]
The same mandate was included in the U.S. Senate version of the NASA Authorization Act that was unanimously approved by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on 25 June 2008.[22] It was amended and passed by the full Senate on 25 September 2008, passed by the House on 27 September 2008, and signed by President George W. Bush on 15 October 2008.[23][24] Bush had previously opposed any additional shuttle missions, as they could delay the transition to Project Constellation.[25] In the spring of 2009, the Obama Administration included funds for the STS-134 mission in its proposed 2010 NASA budget.[26]
STS-134 was planned to be the final regularly scheduled mission of the NASA Space Shuttle Program, but with the passing in 2011 of an appropriations bill authorizing the conversion of STS-335 to STS-135, this was no longer the case.[27] It was also originally scheduled to coincide with Expedition 26 before delays in the Space Shuttle launch schedule pushed it past that Expedition. If STS-134 had launched during Expedition 26, then Mark Kelly and Expedition 26 commander Scott Kelly would have become the first siblings (and twins) to fly in space at the same time.[28]
Shuttle Commander Mark Kelly's wife, U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords, flew to the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida to view the first launch attempt, her first trip since moving from Tucson to Houston for rehabilitation after being seriously wounded in the January 2011 Tucson shooting. On 16 May, Giffords was again at KSC for the launch, which was "one of the most anticipated in years," according to The New York Times.
U.S. President Barack Obama scheduled a visit to Kennedy Space Center on 29 April 2011 to view the launch,[29] and despite the canceled launch attempt he toured an Orbiter Processing Facility at Launch Complex 39 and met with Giffords and the six crewmembers.[30]
Mission payload
A close up view of AMS-2 inside Endeavour's payload bay shortly before it was installed on the ISS.
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2
Main article: Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2 (AMS-02) was carried to the ISS in Endeavour's payload bay, and was attached to the ISS's S3 truss segment. The AMS-02 unit is a particle physics detector which contains a large permanent magnet, and is designed to search for antimatter and investigate the origin and structure of dark matter.[2]
According to the original design plan, a cryogenic, superconducting magnet system was developed for the AMS-02. This was reported by NASA to be a critical technology, granting the instrument the high sensitivity needed to achieve mission objectives.[31] Late in its development, however, poorly understood anomalous heating in the cryogenic magnet system was discovered. As a result, the AMS-02 experiment leader, Samuel C. C. Ting, decided to replace the superconducting magnet inside the spectrometer with the permanent magnet previously used in AMS-01.[32][33]
ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 3
ELC-3 in its launch configuration
The ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 3 (ELC3) carried several Orbital Replacement Units (ORU) that were too large or too heavy for other spacecraft to carry to the ISS. These ORUs included a High Pressure Gas Tank (HPGT), an Ammonia Tank Assembly (ATA), the S band Antenna Sub-System Assembly #2 & 3 (SASA), a Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator (SPDM) Arm with Orbital Replacement Unit change-out mechanism, a Space Test Program Houston 3 Department of Defense payload, and a spare ELC pallet controller avionics box.[2]
Materials on International Space Station Experiment
The STS-134 mission delivered the Materials on International Space Station Experiment 8 (MISSE) experiments, and returned the completed MISSE 7 experiments to Earth. MISSE 7 had been delivered to the ISS on STS-129 in 2009.[2]
Sensor Test of Orion Rel-nav Risk Mitigation Detailed Test Objective kit
The Orion Rel-nav Sensor was mounted on the Orbiter Docking System (ODS) in Trajectory Control Sensor slot 1 and on an Adaptive Payload Carrier in the bay 3 port of the Payload Bay. For the STORRM Detailed Test Objective (DTO), after Endeavour undocked, it completed its normal fly-around of the station. The crew then guided Endeavour back towards the station, flying a nominal orbiter trajectory for docking to the ISS's Pressurized Mating Adapter-2. However, the shuttle did not actually dock with the ISS again; instead, it was positioned below the station.
On STS-131, the docking target on the ISS was enhanced with reflectors, to allow for the characterization of the Orion Rel-Nav sensors' performance during STS-134's rendezvous and proximity operations with the ISS. These proximity operations were tested during approach and docking, undocking, flyaround (time permitting), and during a modified separation from the ISS. During the modified separation, the crew performed a series of re-rendezvous burns that put the orbiter on an Orion-like rendezvous profile. Afterwards, instead of re-docking to the ISS, the crew performed a full separation.[2]
GLACIER Freezer Module
STS-134 carried a new Glacier module to the ISS and returned two old ones to Earth. The Glacier units were used to store and return science samples on the space shuttle.[2]
Orbiter Boom Sensor System
The newly attached OBSS at the Space Station.
STS-134 left its Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) permanently on the ISS for use in reaching places that the Canadarm2 cannot get to on its own.[2] The usefulness of having an OBSS available for use at the station was demonstrated during Scott Parazynski's repair of the torn P6 solar panel on STS-120. The feasibility of leaving an OBSS attached to ISS for a long period of time was demonstrated when the STS-123 mission left one behind for use during the subsequent STS-124 mission.
Lego kits
Endeavour brought 13 Lego kits to the ISS, where astronauts built Lego models to see how they would react in microgravity, as part of the Lego Bricks in Space program. The results were shared with schools as part of an educational project.[34][35]
Shuttle LIFE
The LIFE precursor mission was launched aboard Endeavour. This Planetary Society project was to test the mission destined for Fobos-Grunt. The stage rehearsal was deemed fully successful.[36][37]
STEM Bars
Endeavour brought specialized nutrition bars, called "STEM Bars", to the ISS. These were created by high school students and sisters Mikayla and Shannon Diesch. The nutrition bars were certified for spaceflight by meeting a specific NASA-developed nutritional profile, and had to pass strict microbial testing. The STEM Bars were flown to support the work of the Battle Creek, Michigan-based sisters to raise awareness of the importance of STEM education among their peers, an outreach effort which they started after they won the 2010 Conrad Foundation Spirit of Innovation Awards.[38]
The Little Mole
A figurine of the Little Mole was successfully brought back to earth by Andrew Feustel. It was later presented to the character's creator, Zdeněk Miler, and used for space science popularization mainly in the Czech Republic.[39]
Mission experiments
Endeavour performed four Department of Defense payloads of opportunity: MAUI, SEITI, RAMBO-2, and SIMPLEX. All four of these experiments required engine and thruster firings, and were to be completed only if there was sufficient propellant on board Endeavour.
Mission milestones
The mission marked:
165th NASA manned space flight
134th shuttle mission since STS-1
25th flight of Endeavour
36th shuttle mission to the ISS
109th post-Challenger mission
21st post-Columbia mission
Last non-US astronaut to fly on a Space Shuttle mission (Col.Roberto Vittori, Italy)
Shuttle processing
Rollout of Space Shuttle Endeavour commenced on 10 March 2011 at 19:56 EST and terminated on 11 March 2011 at 03:49 EST.[40]
Endeavour leaving the Vehicle Assembly Building.
Endeavour sitting on Launch Pad 39A as a storm passes over on 28 April 2011.
A technician works to remove and replace the aft Load Control Assembly 2.
Endeavour sitting on Launch Pad 39A.
Launchpad fatality
At around 07:40 EDT on 14 March 2011, United Space Alliance engineer James Vanover committed suicide[41][42] by jumping from the STS-134 launchpad, Pad 39A, at the Kennedy Space Center. Endeavour was at the pad when the incident occurred. As a result, work on the space shuttle was suspended for the day while grief counseling was offered to the workforce. NASA officials believed this to be the first launchpad fatality since 1981.[43][44]
Mission timeline
16 May (Flight Day 1 – Launch)
Space Shuttle Endeavour launches from Kennedy Space Center on STS-134.
Space Shuttle Endeavour lifted off from Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39 at 08:56 EDT on 16 May 2011. The launch of Endeavour came after an on-time tanking process which filled the shuttle's External Tank with more than 1,900,000 l (500,000 US gallons) of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen; the tanking started at 23:36 EDT on 15 May 2011. Once the shuttle and crew were on-orbit, they set about preparing the shuttle for the mission ahead. The first tasks they completed were opening the payload bay doors, activating the Ku-band antenna, and activating the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS), also known as the Canadarm. Prior to this, commander Mark Kelly and pilot Greg Johnson completed an engine firing, known as the OMS-2 burn, to circularize the orbit of the shuttle. They also completed another engine firing, the NC-1 burn, to help the shuttle catch up to the International Space Station (ISS). After completing these initial tasks, the crew activated the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, allowing it to be monitored by teams on the ground. Later in the crew's work day, they downlinked video recordings that had been shot of the external tank by mission specialist Mike Fincke.[45]
STS-134 launch video (9 mins 31 secs).
Endeavour's external tank falls to Earth (5 mins 3 secs).
The launch of Endeavour seen from a shuttle training aircraft.
17 May (Flight Day 2 – OBSS inspection)
Mike Fincke lifts heavy bags and floats freely inside Endeavour.
On flight day 2, the crew of Endeavour completed several tasks in preparation for the docking on flight day 3. The first and most important of these tasks was surveying the shuttle's Thermal Protection System (TPS).[46] The Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) was used to survey the wing leading edge and nose cone. The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS, or Canadarm 1) was also used to look at the thermal tiles and blankets on and around the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pods. After the survey was complete, the Express Logistics Carrier (ELC) 3 was grappled by the SRMS.[47] While the survey was conducted by pilot Greg Johnson and mission specialists Roberto Vittori and Greg Chamitoff, the rest of the crew prepared the orbiter for docking. This included installing tools such as a center-line camera in the Orbiter Docking System, along with various other sensors used to gauge distance and speed. Commander Mark Kelly and mission specialists Mike Fincke and Drew Feustel furthermore checked out the two spacesuits carried on Endeavour, in preparation for the mission's four planned spacewalks.
18 May (Flight Day 3 – ISS rendezvous and ELC installation)
Endeavour approaches the space station.
Flight day 3 saw the docking of Endeavour to the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA) 2 on the International Space Station. The docking occurred on 18 May 2011 at 10:14 UTC.[48] After the shuttle docked, the six astronauts of STS-134 joined the Expedition 27 crew on board the ISS. The joint crews completed a series of leak checks and opened the hatches at 11:38 UTC. Once the hatches were open, the joint crew held a welcome ceremony and completed a safety briefing. The first task for the joint crew was to unberth the Express Logistics Carrier (ELC) 3, and attach it to its final location on the ISS's Port 3 (P3) truss segment. Express Logistics Carrier 3 was removed from the payload bay of Endeavour by the SRMS and handed off to the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), also known as Canadarm2. The ELC 3 was finally installed at 16:18 UTC. STS-134 commander Mark Kelly began to transfer oxygen from space shuttle Endeavour to the ISS. Mission specialists Mike Fincke and Drew Feustel transferred the two Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMU) to the ISS's Quest airlock in preparation for their use during the mission's four spacewalks.[49]
With an extended docking ring Endeavour approaches the ISS.
Endeavour's starboard wing photographed by a station crew member.
Shuttle and Station crew inside the Harmony node shortly after docking.
ELC-3 in the grasp of Endeavour's robotic arm.
19 May (Flight Day 4 – AMS-2 installation)
ISS Starboard truss with the newly installed AMS-02
The STS-134 crew installed the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2 (AMS-2) on flight day 4. AMS-2 was lifted out of Endeavour's payload bay using the Canadarm, operated by Drew Feustel and Roberto Vittori. It was handed off to Canadarm2, which was operated by Greg Chamitoff and Greg Johnson, and was installed in its final location on the S3 truss segment at 09:46 UTC. Immediately after the installation, crews on the ground began activating the experiment. The installation of the AMS-2 marked the completion of the US Orbital Segment of the International Space Station.[50] Later in the day, Greg Chamitoff, Drew Feustel and Mike Fincke prepared the Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMU) that Chamitoff and Feustel would wear during their spacewalk on flight day 5. The trio was also assisted by commander Mark Kelly in preparing the tools required for the Extravehicular Activity (EVA). While this was going on, Expedition 27 crew members Paolo Nespoli, Cady Coleman and Ron Garan assisted the rest of the STS-134 crew in completing transfers to and from Endeavour. Late in the crew day, the two crews performed an EVA procedures review. After the review, Chamitoff and Feustel camped out in the Quest Airlock overnight, in preparation for the mission's first spacewalk. The campout was done with the airlock's air pressure reduced, so as to purge nitrogen bubbles from the astronauts' blood and thus prevent decompression sickness. Members of both crews also conducted two in-flight interviews with media on the ground, including PBS NewsHour, National Public Radio, Associated Press, Reuters and Fox News. The crew also answered questions that were relayed up to them by Miles O'Brien for Google.[51]
Dextre in the center as Station's Canadarm2 transfers AMS-02 for installation.
Space Shuttle Endeavour docked at the ISS.
Roberto Vittori floats through the Destiny laboratory
20 May (Flight Day 5 – EVA 1)
The first spacewalk of the STS-134 mission was completed on flight day 5. Mission specialists Drew Feustel and Greg Chamitoff completed the installation of a new set of MISSE experiments, and also started installing a new wireless video system, but were stopped when a CO2 sensor failed in Chamitoff's suit. After the failure, the pair were told to install an ammonia jumper between the Port 3 (P3) and Port 6 (P6) truss segments. The spacewalkers furthermore installed a new light on the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart on the Starboard 3 (S3) truss segment, and a cover on the starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ). The installation of the wireless video system was completed during the third EVA. While the 6-hour-and-19-minute-long spacewalk was in progress, members of the STS-134 crew completed more equipment transfers between Endeavour and the ISS.[52] Expedition 27 crew members also prepared for the departure of Dmitri Kondratyev, Paolo Nespoli and Cady Coleman.
Astronaut Andrew Feustel participates in the mission's first EVA
Feustel during EVA 1
EVA 1 choreographer Michael Fincke works on the aft flight deck of Endeavour
STS-134 pilot Greg Johnson
21 May (Flight Day 6)
One of Endeavour's damaged thermal protection tiles.
On flight day 6, the members of Endeavour's crew performed a focused inspection of an area of thermal protection tiles on the bottom of the orbiter. The tiles were damaged during launch, and detailed data provided by the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) was needed to make sure the orbiter could re-enter Earth's atmosphere safely. The focused inspection started with the Canadarm2 grappling the OBSS in the middle of the boom and handing it off to the shuttle's Canadarm, which was controlled by pilot Greg Johnson and mission specialists Mike Fincke and Roberto Vittori. The inspection process took approximately two hours to complete, and resulted in the Thermal Protection System (TPS) being cleared for entry.[53] After the inspection was complete, Fincke joined Drew Feustel to get their spacesuits ready for the second spacewalk of the mission on flight day 7. The pair performed the standard overnight campout procedure to get ready for the EVA. Later in the crew day, the STS-134 crew assembled with the Expedition 27 crew in the Kibo module. The joint crew spoke with Pope Benedict XVI, answering several questions asked by the Pope.[54]
Feustel during EVA 2.
The second EVA of STS-134 was conducted on flight day 7 by Drew Feustel and Mike Fincke. The spacewalk, the sixth-longest in the history of spaceflight thus far,[55] lasted 8 hours and 7 minutes, significantly longer than the planned 6 hours and 30 minutes. The excursion also marked the second-longest spacewalk conducted from the ISS.[56] During the spacewalk, Fincke and Feustel hooked up a jumper to transfer 2.3 kg (5 lb) of ammonia to the Port 6 Photovoltaic Thermal Control System (PVTCS), lubricated the Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ) and one of the "hands" on Dextre, and installed a stowage beam on the Starboard 1 (S1) truss. During the lubrication task on the Port SARJ, some of the bolts on one of the thermal blankets came free, and one was lost. Commander Mark Kelly documented the spacewalk with still and video cameras, while mission specialist Greg Chamitoff assisted Feustel and Fincke. The spacewalk was the seventh for Fincke and the fifth for Feustel. Fincke had conducted his previous six spacewalks in Russian Orlan suits.
While the EVA was conducted, the rest of the STS-134 crew completed more transfers between the ISS and Endeavour.[57] Flight day 7 also saw the ISS' change of command ceremony. Russian cosmonaut Dmitri Kondratyev, who had been the commander of Expedition 27 aboard the station, conducted a ceremonial change of command with cosmonaut Andrei Borisenko, the commander of Expedition 28.
STS-134 commander Mark Kelly in the mid-deck of Endeavour.
On flight day 8, the crew of STS-134 had some off duty time. Commander Mark Kelly and mission specialist Mike Fincke conducted an in-flight interview with 400 students from Mesa Verde Elementary School in Tucson, Arizona. Later in the crew day, STS-134 mission specialist Roberto Vittori and Expedition 27 flight engineer Paolo Nespoli answered questions from Italian President Giorgio Napolitano.
After the STS-134 crew went to bed, the Expedition 27 crew prepared for their departure. Expedition 27 commander Dmitri Kondratyev and flight engineers Paolo Nespoli and Catherine Coleman left the ISS aboard the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft at 21:35 UTC. The departure of the three Expedition 27 crew members marked the start of Expedition 28, leaving the new expedition commander Andrei Borisenko and flight engineers Aleksandr Samokutyayev and Ron Garan aboard the station.[58] Before re-entry, Soyuz TMA-20 performed a special fly-about of the ISS, taking numerous photographs of the station and Space Shuttle Endeavour.[59] Soyuz TMA-20 and the Expedition 27 crew landed safely in central Kazakhstan at 02:27 UTC on 24 May 2011.[60]
Photo of the ISS and Endeavour taken from Soyuz TMA-20
Mike Fincke and Expedition 28 crew member Ron Garan pose for a photo.
On flight day 9, mission specialist Greg Chamitoff and pilot Greg Johnson conducted a series of interviews with media outlets around the United States, including KPIX-TV, KGO-TV and KFBK. Later in the day, commander Mark Kelly and mission specialists Mike Fincke and Chamitoff conducted interviews with The Daily, KDKA, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review and KTRK-TV. Johnson and mission specialist Roberto Vittori also completed some more equipment transfers between the station and shuttle, and began to clean up and organize the Permanent Multipurpose Module (PMM) Leonardo. The STS-134 crew furthermore completed some work on the Oxygen Generator System (OGS) and Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA). Drew Feustel, joined by Fincke and Chamitoff, spent most of the day preparing the tools for the following day's EVA. At the end of their day, the shuttle crew and Expedition 28 flight engineer Ron Garan conducted an EVA procedures review in preparation for the third spacewalk on flight day 10.[61]
25 May (Flight Day 10 – EVA 3)
On flight day 10, the third spacewalk of the STS-134 mission was conducted. The spacewalk made use of a new spacewalk pre-breathe protocol, called In-Suit Light Exercise (ISLE), instead of the normal campout pre-breathe protocol. The new pre-breathe protocol had the astronauts breathe pure oxygen for 60 minutes in the airlock, which had its air pressure lowered to 10.2 Psi (703hPa). The astronauts then put their spacesuits on, performed light exercise and rested for an additional 50 minutes, breathing pure oxygen all the while. After astronauts Drew Feustel and Mike Fincke exited the Quest Airlock, the pair began installing the Power Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF). The fixture itself and most of its components were installed, but the data cable associated with it was to be installed later. The spacewalking pair then moved on and routed some new power cables from the Unity module to the Zarya module on the Russian segment of the ISS, providing a redundant power supply to the Russian segment. Feustel and Fincke then moved on to finish up the installation of the wireless video system which Fuestel and Greg Chamitoff had begun to install on EVA 1. The pair also took pictures of the Zarya module's thrusters and captured some infrared video of an experiment delivered on board the Express Logistics Carrier (ELC) 3.[62] Commander Mark Kelly documented the spacewalk from inside the station. While the EVA was going on, pilot Greg Johnson and mission specialist Roberto Vittori assisted Expedition 28 flight engineer Ron Garan in stowing new equipment and supplies on the ISS.[63]
Feustel (right) and Fincke work during EVA 3
Drew Feustel during EVA 3
Mike Fincke during EVA 3
26 May (Flight Day 11)
In-flight STS-134 crew portrait in the Kibo Lab.
On flight day 11, the crew of Space Shuttle Endeavour conducted a late inspection of the orbiter's Thermal Protection System. On most previous flights, this inspection was performed after the shuttle undocked from the ISS. However, in this case it was done early, because the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) was to be left on board the ISS after Endeavour's departure.[64] The joint Expedition 28/STS-134 crew held a news conference with reporters on the ground at NASA centers around the country and ISS partner agencies. Commander Mark Kelly also spoke to reporters from four Tucson, Arizona television stations. Later in the crew day, the joint crew held an EVA procedure review for the fourth and final spacewalk of STS-134. Astronauts Mike Fincke and Greg Chamitoff spent the night in the Quest airlock with the air pressure reduced to 10.2 Psi, so as to avoid decompression sickness during their spacewalk. The crew and flight controllers on the ground opted not to use the In-suit Light Exercise (ISLE) protocol that was tested during EVA 3 earlier in the mission, opting instead to go with the standard campout protocol, since it was discovered that ISLE used more carbon-dioxide scrubbing capability. They wanted to save this capability, since a CO2 sensor in Chamitoff's suit had failed during EVA 1, cutting that spacewalk short.[65]
Endeavour docked at the ISS.
The final spacewalk of the STS-134 mission, and the final spacewalk of the Space Shuttle program, was carried out on flight day 12. The EVA was conducted by Mike Fincke and Greg Chamitoff, who began the EVA by installing the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) on the Starboard 1 (S1) truss segment. After the OBSS was installed, Fincke and Chamitoff removed the End Effector Grapple Fixture (EFGF) and replaced it with a spare Power and Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF). The station's Canadarm2 could not grapple the EFGF, so the PDGF was installed on the end. After that task was completed, Fincke and Chamitoff moved to the Express Logistics Carrier (ELC) 3, and released some torque on the bolts that were holding the spare arm for Dextre down against the ELC. The EVA saw the total cumulative time spent performing EVAs in support of the ISS pass the 1,000-hour mark. The three STS-134 spacewalkers spent a total time of 28 hours and 44 minutes outside the ISS on this mission.[66] Commander Mark Kelly assisted with documenting the spacewalk by taking photos and video.[67] In the meantime, the rest of the shuttle crew completed more equipment transfers from Endeavour and the Johannes Kepler ATV to the ISS.
Working from the mid-deck of Endeavour, Andrew Feustel, who participated in the first three spacewalks of the mission, was the EVA 4 choreographer. Astronaut Steven Swanson was the spacewalk CAPCOM from the station flight control room in Houston. During Flight Day 12, Mike Fincke achieved a milestone, becoming the U.S. astronaut with the most time in space, more than 377 days. He surpassed the time in space of astronaut Peggy Whitson.
EVA 4 preparations in the Quest airlock
Gregory Chamitoff during EVA 4
Fincke works outside the ISS during EVA 4
Composite of images showing the view of the entire station as seen from ELC-3 during EVA 4
Flight day 13 saw the members of the STS-134 crew complete several major tasks. Mission specialists Mike Fincke and Greg Chamitoff replaced an absorbent bed in the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA). The beds have to be changed from time to time in order for the CDRA to remove CO2. While the CDRA work was on-going, commander Mark Kelly and mission specialist Drew Feustel re-sized two of the spacesuits that will be used by Expedition 28 flight engineers Ron Garan and Mike Fossum. The rest of the STS-134 crew completed more transfers between space shuttle Endeavour and the International Space Station (ISS). Commander Mark Kelly, joined by pilot Greg Johnson and Ron Garan, spoke with students, teachers and others gathered at University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. Johnson also spoke with representatives of Gannet, KPRC-TV and the Voice of America.[68]
Fincke performs CDRA maintenance work in the Kibo laboratory
Endeavour, backdropped by a night time view of Earth and a starry sky
Flight day 14 was the final day for the STS-134 crew to complete activities on board the ISS. Pilot Greg Johnson joined Feustel early in the crew day and spoke with WJRT-TV in Flint, Michigan, WJBK-TV in Detroit, Michigan, WKYC-TV in Cleveland, Ohio and WXMI-TV in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The transfer of supplies and equipment was completed on flight day 14, with the transfer of 4 bags of water from the shuttle to the ISS. Mission specialist Mike Fincke completed the work on the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) that he and Greg Chamitoff had started the day before. Chamitoff was joined by Drew Feustel to finish stowing tools that had been used during the mission's four spacewalks. Space shuttle Endeavour's small vernier thrusters were used to raise the ISS by about 960 metres (3,150 ft).[69] The later part of the crew day saw the Expedition 28 crew hold a farewell ceremony for the STS-134 crew. After the two crews said their farewells to one another, they got into procedures to close the hatches on the ISS and space shuttle. After the hatches were closed and secured, a series of leak checks were performed on both vehicles, and the Pressurized Mating Adapter 2 (PMA 2) was depressurized. The hatch closures marked the end of joint operations which totaled 10 days, 23 hours and 45 minutes.[70]
30 May (Flight Day 15 – Undocking)
On flight day 15, Space Shuttle Endeavour undocked from the International Space Station. Endeavour had been docked with the ISS for 11 days, 17 hours and 41 minutes. After the shuttle undocked, pilot Greg Johnson backed Endeavour out to a distance of 140 m (450 ft) to 200 m (650 ft). Once the shuttle was at the correct distance, Johnson flew a complete lap around the ISS. After the lap was complete, an initial separation burn was completed. After the burn was complete, commander Mark Kelly took over control of the shuttle. Kelly first moved the shuttle to a point 6,100 m (20,000 ft) behind and above the station, then to a point below the ISS. Kelly then guided Endeavour to a point 290 m (950 ft) below the ISS. This series of maneuvers was done to test the Sensor Test for Orion Relative Navigation Risk Mitigation (STORRM) sensors. For the rest of the day, the STS-134 crew conducted preparations for their reentry and landing.[71]
On flight day 16, the members of space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 crew continued preparations for the shuttle's landing on flight day 17. Commander Mark Kelly, pilot Greg Johnson and mission specialist and flight engineer Roberto Vittori performed a checkout of Endeavour's Flight Control Systems (FCS). They began by starting Auxiliary Power Unit 1 (APU 1), so they could test the flight systems such as the ailerons and rudder. The APU was used to provide hydraulic pressure to power the flight control systems. The astronauts next moved on to a test of the Reaction Control System (RCS) jets. This test saw Kelly, Johnson and Vittori fire each jet once. Meanwhile, Drew Feustel, Mike Fincke and Greg Chamitoff stowed items on the mid-deck for their return to Earth. Later in the crew day, they stowed the Ku band antenna for re-entry. The crew also performed several experiments, including an eye exam and the Ram Burn Observation (RAMBO2) experiments, and conducted a deorbit briefing to go over the procedures for the landing. The entire crew furthermore participated in in-flight interviews with ABC News, CBS News, CNN, NBC News and Fox News Radio, and sent a crew tribute to Endeavour down to the ground.[72]
1 June (Flight Day 17 – Re-entry and landing)
The crew was awakened by mission control at 5:57 PM Eastern Time to begin flight day 17 to the song "Sunrise No. 1" by Stormy Mondays.[73] The payload bay doors on the shuttle were closed at 10:48 p.m. EDT. At 1:29 a.m. on 1 June, the de-orbit burn was initiated, finishing at 1:31 a.m. The shuttle began reentering the atmosphere at approximately 2:03 a.m. At 2:25 a.m., Endeavour crossed the Florida coast. The shuttle landed safely in Florida at around 2:35 a.m. EDT, completing its 25th and final mission into space.[13][16]
Endeavour touches down at the Kennedy Space Center on 1 June 2011.
Endeavour shortly after touchdown at KSC.
Endeavour after wheel stop at the Kennedy Space Center.
The crew pose for a photo on the runway after landing.
Spacewalks
There were four spacewalks (EVAs) completed by three astronauts during the flight.[74] The total time spent outside was 28 hours and 44 minutes. The EVAs are expected to be the final EVAs conducted by a shuttle crew.
Spacewalkers
Start (UTC)
End (UTC)
EVA 1 Drew Feustel
Greg Chamitoff 20 May 2011
13:29 6 hours 19 minutes
Feustel and Chamitoff retrieved the two MISSE 7 experiments and installed a new package of MISSE 8 experiments on ELC-2, which was already on the station. They installed jumpers between segments on the left-side truss, or backbone, of the station, for ammonia refills, and vented nitrogen from an ammonia servicer. They also began to install an external wireless communication antenna on the Destiny laboratory to provide wireless communication to the Express Logistics Carriers mounted on the station's truss, but the installation was cut short due to a bad CO2 sensor in Chamitoff's suit.
EVA 2 Feustel
Mike Fincke 22 May 2011
Feustel and Fincke refilled the Port 6 (P5) radiators with ammonia. They completed venting the early ammonia system, and lubricated the port solar alpha rotary joint and parts of Dextre, a two-armed space station robot capable of handling delicate assembly tasks currently performed by spacewalkers. Fincke also installed grapple bars on the port radiators.
Fincke 25 May 2011
Feustel and Fincke installed a grapple fixture (a handle for the station's Canadarm2 to grab on to) on the Zarya module, to support robotic operations based from the Russian segment. They also installed additional cables to provide backup power to the Russian portion of the space station. The pair finished installing the wireless video system that was left unfinished during EVA 1.
EVA 4 Fincke
Chamitoff 27 May 2011
Fincke and Chamitoff stowed the shuttle's 50-foot Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) on the right-side truss on a permanent stowage fixture. The pair then retrieved a grapple from the station's left-side truss and used it as a replacement for the grapple previously on the boom. They then released restraints from one of the spare arms for Dextre and replaced thermal insulation on one of the spare gas tanks for the Quest airlock. The spacewalk marked the completion of the US Orbital Segment of the ISS.
Launch attempts
Weather go (%)
1 2011-04-29 03:47:52 pm !29 Apr 2011, 3:47:52 pm Scrubbed --- Technical 11-04-29 12:20:00 pm !29 Apr 2011, 12:20 pm(T-2:36:01) 70% Heater failure in auxiliary-power-unit[75]
2 2011-05-16 08:56:00 am !16 May 2011, 8:56:00 am success 16 days, 17 hours, 8 minutes 70%
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.[76][77]
NASA opened the selection process to the public for the first time for STS-133, where the public was invited to vote on two songs used to wake up astronauts on previous missions to wake up the STS-133 crew. For STS-134, the public was invited to submit original songs, with two songs being selected to wake up the crew of Endeavour.[78]
Flight Day
Day 2 "Beautiful Day" U2 Mark Kelly WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 3 "Drops of Jupiter" Train Greg Johnson WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 4 "Luna" José Serrano Gregory Chamitoff WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 5 "We All Do What We Can Do" Dan Keenan and Kenny McLaughlin Mike Fincke WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 6 "In View" The Tragically Hip Drew Feustel WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 7 "Il Mio Pensiero" Ligabue Roberto Vittori WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 8 "Times Like These" Foo Fighters Drew Feustel WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 9 "Svegliarsi la mattina" Zero Assoluto Roberto Vittori WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 10 "Real World" Matchbox Twenty Greg Johnson WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 11 "Countdown" Rush Mike Fincke WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 12 "Fun, Fun, Fun" Max Q STS-134 Crew WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 13 "Will You Carry Me?" Michael FitzPatrick STS-134 Crew WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 14 "Galaxy Song" Clint Black STS-134 Crew WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 15 "Slowness" Calexico Mark Kelly WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 16 "Dreams You Give" Brian Plunkett STS-134 Crew WAV, MP3, OGG
Day 17 "Sunrise Number 1" Stormy Mondays Mark Kelly N/A
2011 in spaceflight
List of ISS spacewalks
List of space shuttle missions
List of spacewalks since 2000
List of human spaceflights chronologically
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "STS-134 Press Kit" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 16 May 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Chris Gebhardt (2009). "STS-134: PRCB Baselines Penultimate Shuttle Flight to Take AMS to Station". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 19 January 2010. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Endeavour space shuttle launch faces more delay
↑ Launch slips to NET May 8
↑ STS-134 launch windows
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↑ NASA managers insist STS-135 will fly. NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 20 May 2011
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↑ Mark Matthews (2008). "Bush signs NASA authorization act". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 25 October 2008. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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↑ Ed O'Keefe (2009). "NASA Shuttle Retirement Postponed ... Maybe". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 May 2009. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Jim Abrams (29 September 2010). "NASA bill passed by Congress would allow for one additional shuttle flight in 2011". Associated Press. Retrieved 30 September 2010. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ http://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/kellybrothers.html
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↑ "Obama heading to Kennedy Space Center despite shuttle launch postponement". USA Today. 29 April 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer – Project Page
↑ Dennis Overbye (23 April 2010). "Change in Experiment Will Delay Shuttle's End". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2010. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer – About AMS-02
↑ Banks, Dave (28 April 2011). "Space Shuttle Endeavour Launches Tomorrow With a Special Payload". Wired News. Retrieved 2 May 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Eaton, Kit (29 April 2011). "Space Shuttle Endeavour: Made Of Spare Parts". Fast Company. Retrieved 2 May 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Astrobiology.com, "LIFE Ready to Launch on Endeavour's Last Flight", Planetary Society, 16 May 2011. Retrieved 11-11-11
↑ SPACE.com, "Salvaging Science from Stricken Mars Moon Probe: A Scientist's View", David Warmflash, 9 November 2011. Retrieved 11-11-11
↑ Hein, Alexandra (1 May 2011). "tang-meet-stem-food-experiment-endeavour". Fox News. Retrieved 1 May 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ http://www.ct24.cz/svet/118763-nejstarsi-cesky-kosmonaut-miri-znovu-do-vesmiru/
↑ "Shuttle Endeavour Rolls to Launch Pad for Final Mission". FOX News. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Rhian, Jason. "March 14 Death at Shuttle Launch Pad Ruled Suicide". Aviation Week. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Goddard, Jacqui (4 May 2011). "NASA engineer James Vanover committed suicide Endeavour launch tower". Daily Mail. London. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Space shuttle worker falls to death". Fox 35 WOFL. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Atkins, William (15 March 2011). "Employee dies at NASA STS-134 launch site". IT Wire. Retrieved 15 March 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Bill Harwood. "Shuttle Endeavour launches on her 25th and final voyage". Spaceflightnow.com/CBSNews.com. Retrieved 17 May 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Denise Chow (17 May 2011). "Endeavour Astronauts Inspect Shuttle Heat Shield for Dings". Fox News. Retrieved 17 May 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Denise Chow. "STS-134 MCC Status Report #03". Fox News. Retrieved 17 May 2011. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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↑ List of ISS spacewalks
↑ http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/05/soyuz-tma-20-historic-photographic-event-landing/ NASA Spaceflight.com, 23 May 2011
↑ http://space.flatoday.net/2011/05/soyuz-crew-safely-home.html Florida Today.com, 23 May 2011
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to STS-134.
NASA's space shuttle page
NASA's STS-134 mission page
An animated movie of the STS-134 mission showing the installation of AMS-02 (72MB)
Inofficial Site providing realtime Updates and Mission Info
Spherical panorama of Endeavour at the center of the windscreen in OPF-2
Spherical panorama of Endeavour at the Aft Fuselage Access Hatch in OPF-2
Spherical panorama of Endeavour at the Left SSME in OPF-2
Spherical panorama of Endeavour at the tail in OPF-2
Spherical panorama of Endeavour at the top of the lift for Lift & Mate in the VAB
Spherical panorama of Endeavour on Pad 39A at the tail
Spherical panorama of Endeavour on Pad 39A between SSME and right booster
Spherical panorama of Endeavour on Pad 39A under the stack at the ET/Orbiter fuel feeds
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text:
Brisbane architect Richard Gailey has appeared in this blog before. Gailey was an Irishman from Londonderry who emigrated to Brisbane in 1864, establishing his own practice in the following year. His work in Brisbane extended over the next sixty years until his death in 1924. What better canvas for an Irish architect's talents than hotels? Gailey was involved in the design or refurbishment of more than thirty of Brisbane's hotels, including the Empire in Fortitude Valley, the Regatta at Toowong, and the subject of today's post - the Orient Hotel on the corner of Queen St and Ann St at Petrie Bight. It is pictured below in 1936.
Writing these pages has made me wonder about hotels: why were there so many of them in a relatively small and still-young city? And why is it that so many have survived to the present day, many of those now heritage listed? Plenty of other types of building have not been so fortunate, but hotels and churches seem to have had charmed lives in Brisbane. Perhaps it is because they were the most used buildings, although church attendances have certainly declined in recent decades. Of course, successful hotels do generate lots of revenue, of which the government gets its fair share in the form of licencing fees, tax on alcohol, and now taxes on gaming machines- could that be a factor?
Anyway, ponderings suspended (with no conclusion having been reached), let's get back to the Orient. Originally called the Excelsior Hotel, it was constructed in 1875 in a wonderful postition - right on the main thoroughfare from Fortitude Valley to the city, and brilliantly designed by Gailey, including his further extensions in 1884, to take advantage of a triangular block of land - this can be appreciated in the old photo. Like many of Gailey's pubs, this one also had elaborate verandahs in its original guise, but these had already been removed when the hotel was photographed back in 1936. (Photo: © 2010 the foto fanatic)
The Orient is one of the oldest surviving, still operating, hotels in the city, and can be seen in my recent photo (above). Only four other hotels pre-date it, and they include the Port Office Hotel in Edward St and the Treasury Hotel in George St. The Orient is situated only a block away from where the National Hotel once stood on the corresponding Queen and Adelaide Sts corner. The Hotel Orient doesn't seem to be as heavily patronised as it may have been in the past. Sometimes I catch a bus from right outside, and the silence is deafening.
Next: Anyone for Tiffin?
Labels: ann st, gailey, hotel, hotel orient, queen st
Hels April 9, 2010 at 9:51 AM
Great stuff. Was the Orient originally built as shown in the first photo? It looks as though some changes may have already been made between 1875 and 1936.
When I was studying the architecture of the Victorian gold fields, I had the same question. Why would a small town have 14 pubs and 5 churches, even before it built schools, town halls, parks, port facilities, hospitals or any other communal resources?
The pub part is easy. Men worked at hard labour with bugger-all chance of a good financial return. Drinking after work was blessed relief. Church was a lesser blessed relief, of a slightly different kind :)
observer April 9, 2010 at 10:47 AM
i patronised the Orient in the late 80s and through into the late 90s. i knew people who worked there in the late 80s, and they often had bands that i liked there in the 90s
the foto fanatic April 11, 2010 at 4:12 PM
I was unable to find any earlier photos, but the hotel originally had verandahs that must have been removed prior to the 1936 image.
I worked there in the early 90s as an apprentice chef and saw some great bands,Powderfinger and Caligula to name a few.It was a busy pub then and we used to do alot of food.
Ivan Hawkes December 3, 2013 at 9:16 AM
GIBEOR September 19, 2018 at 10:13 AM
I found a photograph of the hotel as a drawing on the state library of qld site. from 1889 just beautiful
Allgas Energy Building, Southbank Parklands
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text:
Trump blockade of Huawei fizzles in European 5G rollout
Even though the Trump administration has campaigned to convince European allies to ban China's Huawei from its telecom networks, Europe is still trying to "balance concerns about growing Chinese influence with a desire to increase business with the region's second-biggest trading partner." At a conference on Tuesday, Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel said she did not believe in discussing these "very sensitive security questions publicly or excluding a company because it is from a certain country.
Crown Castle Well Positioned To Ride The 5G Wave
Seeking Alpha's review of Crown Castle showed the company in good standing to "ride the wave of 5G". The article stated, "CCI's focus on small cell towers is already bearing fruit. While CCI's fiber assets are unlikely to add incremental demand for its tower business fr...
Malcolm Eve with Crown Castle
Business Radio X
Atlanta Business Radio interviewed Malcolm Xavier Eve, who leads Crown Castle's public affairs strategy and activities for the South Area of the US. Malcolm spoke about Crown Castle's capabilities in deploying the necessary infrastructure to bring about a robust 5G network for the ...
Crown Castle to Present at the Citi 2021 Global Technology, Media and Telecom West Conference
Crown Castle's Chief Financial Officer, Dan Schlanger, is scheduled to present on Thursday, January 7, 2021 at 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time at the Citi 2021 Global Technology, Media and Telecom West Conference.
Experts discuss benefits of 5G
LI Herald
Technology experts discussed the benefits of 5G during the latest episode of the Herald Inside LI webinar series, "The Power of 5G." During the webinar, Crown Castle's government affairs manager, Ana Rua, stated 5G technology, both nationally and internationally, has been dee...
Implementing real-time service assurance, a customer case study from Crown Castle
Crown Castle's Director of Network Services and Security, Mark Smith, spoke with Blue Planet about how Crown Castle is using AI and machine learning for real-time assurance to respond to events that may adversely impact services. Smith describes how these capabilities help reduce service...
The Top 20 Tower Industry Executives: 2020
TowerXchange
TowerXchange released a special edition report, profiling the top 20 tower industry executives of the year. Crown Castle CEO Jay Brown was recognized in the report.


We want every pupil to be as independent as possible so that when they leave school they can live full and meaningful lives.
We aim to achieve this by providing relevant and personalised learning opportunities for our pupils and share our best approaches to learning and care with other schools and providers.
These are the school's core values – they're what we stand for and underpin everything we do.
To see school as preparation for life, so we think learning should be meaningful for each pupil so that they can be as independent as possible outside school.
At Holbrook we promote the fundamental British values of democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, and mutual respect and tolerance towards those with different faiths and beliefs.
Encourage students to have their say in matters that concern them in school. We do this by having an active school council that consists of students from across the age and ability range in school, including boys and girls.
Teaching pupils the difference between right and wrong, by working with them to manage their own behaviour and develop positive attitudes towards each other. In some of our classes, pupils devise rules for the behaviour and conduct they expect everyone to follow.
Support pupils to make positive choices to communicate their needs and help themselves.
Actively involve pupils in community activities that develop their awareness and tolerance of others. This includes learning about different faiths and beliefs and visiting a wide range of places of worship as part of the Religious Education curriculum.
Our residential provision consists of a seven bedded unit situated on the two top floors of Holbrook. We presently accommodate 26 students over a four night period. Our residential provision is an educational provision which provides a focus on independence skills and home management.
In our recent Ofsted inspection our residential provision achieved an overall judgement of "outstanding", as well as being outstanding in all areas. We believe our residential success is based in the extremely positive relationships that staff have with the students. This enables them to show strong positive behaviour management and role modelling, thus helping all students to individually reach and achieve their targets and fulfil their true potential.


Semenycheva, L.; Geras'kina, E.; Kazantsev, O.; Sivokhin, A.; Moikin, A.
Copolymers of alkyl methacrylates with vinyl butyl ether were prepared by gradual addition of the active monomer to the inactive monomer. The resistance of these copolymers to mechanical degradation and their thickening power in petroleum oils were studied in comparison with those of the polyalkyl methacrylates used in industry. The influence of the molecular weight of the copolymers on the above characteristics was examined. The alkyl methacrylate-vinyl butyl ether copolymers exhibit enhanced resistance to mechanical degradation in a petroleum oil solution.
Semenycheva, L., Geras'kina, E., Kazantsev, O., Sivokhin, A., & Moikin, A. (2014). Influence of the molecular weight on the properties of alkyl methacrylate-vinyl butyl ether copolymers as thickening additives to petroleum oils. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 87(2), 224-229.
Semenycheva, L., E. Geras'kina, O. Kazantsev, A. Sivokhin, and A. Moikin. "Influence of the molecular weight on the properties of alkyl methacrylate-vinyl butyl ether copolymers as thickening additives to petroleum oils." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 87.2 (2014): 224-229.


This high-end management qualification focuses on practical management skills development, preparing graduates for management or self-employment.
Why Study Management & Leadership at Griffith College?
The Griffith College Professional Diploma in Management & Leadership is available on a part-time evening basis over a 22-Week period. The course places a strong emphasis on practical management skills and has been developed with career progression and recognition by professional bodies in mind.
Gain an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the principles of management, leadership and corporate social responsibility.
Develop new communication and presentation techniques.
Become assured in staff management and team development.
Progress in your career or manage your own business.
This unit will study the role of strategic planning and management in an organisation and how internal and external environmental factors can influence the planning process. The unit will also consider strategies to aid the organisation to achieve competitive advantage.
This unit will study the role of information in strategic decision making and how information systems can support business activity.
This unit gives learners an understanding of corporate social responsibility and sustainability and the impact on organisations. This unit also provides an introduction to the concept of business ethics and the conduct of the organisation.
This unit will examine corporate communication strategies and its relationship with corporate objectives and corporate reputation.
This unit will examine the characteristics of what makes a successful business team and how to use these characteristics to develop successful business teams.
This course is scheduled to commence on Monday, 2nd October 2017 in Griffith College Limerick. Contact [email protected] for further information.
This part time evening course will run from 6:30 – 9:45 two evenings per week over 22 weeks.
Two Honours Level, Grade C3s or above and four Ordinary Level D3s in your Leaving Certificate (subjects to include Maths and a language) or equivalent exam taken.
A registration fee of Euro 250.00 is applicable each academic year in addition to the fees quoted below.
Upon completion of the course, learners can progress onto a range of Certificates, Diplomas or Degrees in Business.
This qualification allows graduates to enter a variety of management level careers where professional management skills are required and valued in a wide range of environments. It also allows graduates to progress within their existing career.


ChocolateBrown1 . 1Cobra. DvineAlexa. RaunchyLad.
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xKasandraxTouchMe19TouchMe19SamAndHisToy .GabrielaHottyxULTIMATEDUOxLadyLooveSquirtyHoneyx .chillisexMissMurrrrNathyMiaRancesMystiqueBelle .SamAndHisToyBlytheChristaSharaxSexycrazysexo .ClauLoverAymeeJollyeMateiAYANGoodGrlGabrielle .AlisaAmoreprincessherraKennyDavisMarianaMatch .CuteFelixx1MultiSquirt1princessherraVictorasF .MagnificentDikSTUDENTHUGELadyAlissaTigROCK .Tantalisa18SweetLilianaGoodGrlGabrielle18SweetLiliana .AlvinFoxMargoLegsOzzyTwinkHotCedrick .SweetBellaGirlAlesiaQueenCuteFelixxDaliaDakini .


This morning, you woke up to a pimple that wasn't there the night before.
Sugar wreaks havoc on the skin… You may want to think twice before you take another sip of that vanilla latte.
It's official. Activated charcoal has been hailed as the ultimate beauty elixir.
Your hair is in dire need of resuscitation.
You swear you had a great time at that party last night, but your pounding headache says otherwise.
There's no greater feeling in the world than when you remove your bra after a long day.
When it comes to having healthy and smooth skin, the words "you are what you eat" couldn't be any truer.
As a 20-something woman, the idea of turning 30 terrifies and excites me at the same time.


Ge Spacemaker Washer Dryer Manual - View and Download GE Spacemaker WSM2700H use and care manual online. GE Spacemaker WSM2700H: User Guide. Spacemaker WSM2700H Washer/Dryer pdf manual download. Also for: Wsm2780www - 27'' unitized spacemaker gas dryer, Wsm2700www - 27'' unitized spacemaker washer, Spacemaker wsm2700,. Buy GE GUD27ESSJWW 27" Unitized Spacemaker Washer and Electric Dryer in White: Stacked Washer & Dryer Units - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases. The GE Spacemaker 3.6 cu. ft. Portable Electric Dryer features a sound reduction system to help provide quiet dryer operation. The manual controls offer.
GE GDF510PSJSS Full Console Dishwasher with Piranha™ Hard Food Disposer, SpaceMaker® Silverware Basket, Silverware Jets, Clean Design Inner Door, 14 Place Setting Capacity, 4 Wash Cycles, 55 dBA Silence Rating and ENERGY STAR®: Stainless Steel.


text:
Q: How would I get the right result in this query? I am supposed to make a query that selects "netapa" the id of the table from the ones that do not start in the same city where it ended, it should only show "1, 2, 4, 6" however I don't get how, I have the values below and the query I made as well
Table
create table etapa
(
  netapa int not null,
  km     int,
  salida varchar(20),
  llegada varchar(20),
  dorsal int,
  constraint PK_etapa Primary Key(netapa),
  constraint etapa_ciclista Foreign Key (dorsal) references ciclista(dorsal) on delete cascade on update cascade

);

Values
insert into etapa values(1,35,'Valladolid','Ávila',1);
insert into etapa values(2,70,'Salamanca','Zamora',2);
insert into etapa values(3,150,'Zamora','Almendralejo',1);
insert into etapa values(4,330,'Córdoba','Granada',1);
insert into etapa values(5,150,'Granada','Almerìa',3);
insert into etapa values(6,150, 'Aragon','Aragon',1);

Query
select distinct netapa
from etapa
where llegada not like salida ;

However It's showing me everything but the one that starts and finish in the same city in the same data row, how do I compare distinct data rows?
Thank you!

A: See the following query, it may help you achieve what you exactly want :
SELECT
     e1.netapa
FROM etapa e1
     LEFT JOIN etapa e2 ON e1.netapa = (e2.netapa+1)
WHERE e1.salida <> e2.llegada OR e2.netapa IS NULL
ORDER BY e1.netapa

SEE DEMO HERE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


One of the most difficult gadget to set up in your home is a hot water heater. If you do not have the tools or skills essential to do this kind of work, or if you have simply never ever set up one previously, it remains in your best interest to call a reputable plumbing professional in the Grand Chain area that will have competent workers prepared to dispatch to your location to help you out. Whether you are setting up a new one, or if you have to have them look at your existing warm water heating system so that it can get the proper repairs, you will only wish to work with a company that has a reputation for providing quick estimates and repair work on any type of hot water heating unit that is servicing the Grand Chain area.
One last problem to consider is no warm water in your house which is often reflective of a hot water heater that is not working correctly, or has just stopped working entirely. When you get in touch with the specialists at brand name, they will be able to take a look at all of the possibilities as to why you not have hot water throughout your entire home, and will also be able to fix the problem. This might need the replacement of pipes, water lines, or even changing the whole unit. They will be able to show you precisely where the problem is, provide you with the many various alternatives that you might need to fix it, or just tell you that it is beyond repair which they will have the ability to install a brand-new one for you.
If you go on the Internet, you can learn more about this company by checking out GetAPlumberNow. They are industry leaders in the Chicago area, a company that is suggested by those that have used to their services, plainly showing that they are among the best. brand is an excellent business to call and will be more than delighted to offer their professional services for you and your household. They have years of experience in this market, and will be able to not only repair or change your hot water heating unit for you, however can likewise offer you excellent ideas on how to make sure the problem does not happen once again. Their recommendations will likewise extend into the location of helping you make a difficult option if it is financially based, showing you how much money you may be losing because of your existing warm water tank, and how much money you will save in the long run. This generally makes it possible for individuals to make that leading option in using the services of this plumbing company in Call A Plumber Grand Chain for hot water heating unit repair work and replacements.


The Dark-bellied Cinclodes (Cinclodes patagonicus) is a species of bird in the Furnariidae family. It is found in Argentina and Chile. Its natural habitats are rivers and rocky shores. The Dark-bellied Cinclodes is distributed in Chile from about Santiago southwards to Tierra del Fuego and in adjacent areas of extreme western Argentina. It is found near streams, lakes and marshlands from sea level up to 2,500 m. It has a bold white supercilium and throat.


Crash Info:When does the crash take place? Are you having to take specific steps to get your PlayStation going again?
As I am writing this there are almost 1,500 responses and I think EA may have a problem tracking the bug down as it seems to be crashing the game at any point during play. If you wish to report your crash then click here.


text:
Selected contribution: skeletal muscle capillarity and enzyme activity in rats selectively bred for running endurance Article (Faculty180)
Howlett, Rich A; Gonzalez, Norberto C; Wagner, Harri E; Fu, Zhenxing; Britton, Steven L; Koch, Lauren G; Wagner, Peter D
To attempt to explain the difference in intrinsic (untrained) endurance running capacity in rats selectively bred over seven generations for either low (LCR) or high running capacity (HCR), the relationship among skeletal muscle capillarity, fiber composition, enzyme activity, and O(2) transport was studied. Ten females from each group [body wt: 228 g (HCR), 247 g (LCR); P = 0.03] were studied at 25 wk of age. Peak normoxic maximum O(2) consumption and muscle O(2) conductance were previously reported to be 12 and 33% higher, respectively, in HCR, despite similar ventilation, arterial O(2) saturation, and a cardiac output that was <10% greater in HCR compared with LCR. Total capillary and fiber number in the medial gastrocnemius were similar in HCR and LCR, but, because fiber area was 37% lower in HCR, the number of capillaries per unit area (or mass) of muscle was higher in HCR by 32% (P < 0.001). A positive correlation (r = 0.92) was seen between capillary density and muscle O(2) conductance. Skeletal muscle enzymes citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase were both approximately 40% higher (P < 0.001) in HCR (12.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 8.7 +/- 0.4 and 3.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.2 mmol. kg(-1). min(-1), respectively), whereas phosphofructokinase was significantly (P = 0.02) lower in HCR (27.8 +/- 1.2 vs. 35.2 +/- 2.5 mmol. kg(-1). min(-1)) and hexokinase was the same (0.65 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.03 mmol. kg(-1). min(-1)). Resting muscle ATP, phosphocreatine, and glycogen contents were not different between groups. Taken together, these data suggest that, in rats selectively bred for high-endurance exercise capacity, most of the adaptations for improved O(2) utilization occur peripherally in the skeletal muscles and not in differences at the level of the heart or lung.


Make the most of your investment with our state-of-the-art products by taking full advantage of the promotional and educational tools that we offer, which are designed to support your business and staff both now and in the future.
To assist you in the launch and promotion of your gym offer, we provide you with a host of digital and printable marketing tools. You can brand these items with your logo to market your facility through printed material or via web and social networks, within and outside the gym.
Our educational visual tools provide an easy and effective way to support trainers' activity and develop a stronger awareness about the equipment and its benefits to aid them in motivating your members. Choose the most suitable gift items from our merchandising collection to reward your members and grow attraction and retention.
As our client, you can view our merchandising collection and download promotional and educational artwork files, Wellness and product images and videos from the online Marketing Support area. Use the different search criteria to find the items you are interested in (by product/line, type of material, market segment/solution). View the preview and easily download related files.
It's easy to get started: log in www.technogym.com/marketingsupport to access and download promotional and educational material, images and videos from our extensive library.


It's been just about a year since I last shared my recent thrift store purchases! I had intended to write one of these posts about every three months, but life just happens sometimes! In the last year, I've still been thrifting…and I've still been finding some really awesome stuff! So, today I thought I'd show you some of what I've picked up recently! I always love seeing what people find in thrift stores, so I thought it might be interesting to share what I've found! Now, without further ado, here's what I've recently thrifted (and by recent, I mean over the last few months)!
I found one book that I was interested in. I picked up a copy of Misery by: Stephen King for $0.99! I've never read this book before, but I really like the movie, so I thought I'd give it a try! I've actually never read any Stephen King novels before!
The next thing I found is this amazingly beautiful floral hat box! As soon as I saw it, I knew I had to take it home! Not only is it really pretty looking, but it's also quite large, so it will be really useful. And on top of that, it was only $2.99!
As some of you may know, I love movies…and I love collecting movies! So I picked up quite a few new ones at the thrift store recently to add to my collection!
I picked up a bunch of DVDs for $2.99 a piece…actually less because I had a coupon!
And I also picked up a few VHS tapes for $0.99 each! There's always a really good selection of VHS tapes at the thrift store because so many people today don't want their old ones. But I have nothing against VHS tapes…if the tape works and it's a good movie, then I add it to my collection! VHS tapes are actually quite nostalgic for me!
We're getting closer and closer to the holidays, so I also found some really festive Christmas decorations to put around the house! These all ranged in price from $0.99 to $5.99!
I'm very excited that I found five new glass jars to store some of my legumes in! My grandpa found the the one that contains my chick peas for $1.99 when he was at a thrift store a little while ago. He knew that I was looking for glass jars, so he very generously bought it for me. And then I luckily found the other four a few days later for $2.99 to $3.99!
And last, but certainly not least, I found this great wooden table! My Grandma actually spotted it when we were out thrifting together last month! I thought it was really cute and looked to be in pretty good shape, so I decided to get it. And you'll never guess what I paid for it…..$3.95 ($4.99 before the discount)! Amazing, right!? I already have it all set up in my bedroom!
Do you go thrifting? What do you like to look for?
Previous Post What Does It Mean To Be Vegan?


Three animals surrendered together and just couldn't be separated find a forever home thanks to the hard work of the shelter staff and a woman with a big heart.
After rescuing a puppy from a local pet store, a Wisconsin woman is out to stop pet stores all over the state from selling puppies that come from mills.
When no one else reacted to the alarm going off, Abby stepped in and saved the family.
Though he's usually friendly with strangers, Levi doesn't like violence and reacts defensively at the sight of toy guns, so he stood his ground with the armed criminal.
"It clearly states that they've educated all of their drivers that service dogs are allowed in all vehicles," said Tolmie.
"He stood there and barked, and I called to him. Then he wagged his tail and got more friendly until I got out of my car. And then he ran a little bit," Gonzalez said.


University of Tennessee sculpture student Kristina Key's "Circle Types" has been named Juror's Choice at this year's The Art of Recycling exhibition. The exhibition of sculptures inspired by and incorporating scrap metal is free and open to the public April 3-21 at the Knoxville Convention Center.
Sculptures created by eight University of Tennessee art students and incorporating scrap metal will be on display April 3-21 at the Knoxville Convention Center on its Clinch Concourse.
"The Art of Recycling" sculpture exhibition celebrates April's National Recycling Month and features works created by students in the University of Tennessee Sculpture Program.
In January, a local steel mill opened its scrapyard to the students, along with John Powers, UT associate professor of sculpture and time-based art. The students selected 3,330 pounds of discarded metal and steel, provided free of charge by the company, and gained inspiration for new works of art.
This marks the fifth year the process has culminated in a public art exhibition. Participating UT students include Dylan Bagnasco, Troy Houk, Kristina Key, Nyasha Madamombe, Jake Miller, Dylan Tan and Ceara Wallus.


Hey guys there is a limited collection of Stephen Paul Judd teaming up with NTVS Clothing.
Here's some photos I took from the performance of Frank Walns who has been featured in MTV Rebels: Native American along with Naataanii Means and other talented artists. They did an amazing job!
It was great seeing Frank Waln again under circumstances less embarrassing.


Ink is part of SAPO's Open Source Software initiative.
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text:
package bluejelly.l4.test

import java.io.File
import java.util.Properties
import org.scalatest._
import bluejelly.l4.{Config,L4C}
import bluejelly.utils.{BrtRunner,FileUtils}
import java.io.FileReader
import java.io.PrintWriter

/**
 * Suite trait for tests that need to compile and run L4 modules.
 * @author ppedemon
 */
trait L4Runner extends BeforeAndAfterAll { this:Suite =>

  val srcModDir = "/testmods.src/"
  val binDir = FileUtils.createTempDir
  val brtRunner = new BrtRunner(brtCp)

  override def afterAll() {
    FileUtils.delete(binDir)
  }

  def compile(modName:String) {
    val modFile = getAbsolutePath(modName)
    val out = L4C.compile(new FileReader(modFile))
    if (out.isLeft) {
      out.left.get.dumpTo(new PrintWriter(System.err))
      fail("Failed to compile: " + modName)
    } else {
      val className = modName replaceFirst("\\.l4$","")
      L4C.save(binDir.toString, className, out.right.get)
    }
  }

  def run(modName:String, cmd:String):String = {
    compile(modName)
    brtRunner.runBrt(binDir, cmd)
  }

  def run(modName:String, cmds:Seq[String]):Seq[String] = {
    compile(modName)
    brtRunner.runBrt(binDir, cmds)
  }

  def check(modName:String, cmd:String, expected:String) {
    expectResult(expected) {
      run(modName,cmd)
    }
  }

  def check(modName:String, specs:Seq[(String,String)]) {
    val (cs,es) = specs.unzip
    expectResult(es) {
      run(modName,cs)
    }
  }

  private def brtCp:String = {
    val is = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/brt.properties")
    val brtProps = new Properties
    brtProps load is
    brtProps getProperty "cp"
  }

  private def getAbsolutePath(modName:String):String =
    new File(getClass().getResource(srcModDir + modName).toURI).getAbsolutePath
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A Huckleberry Finn kalandjai (eredeti címén: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) Mark Twain műve (1884), a Tom Sawyer kalandjai c. könyvének (1876) folytatása.

Keletkezése
Mark Twain eredetileg a Tom Sawyer kalandjai folytatásának szánta a művet, amely végigkísérte volna Huck Finnt felnőttkorán át. A cím eredetileg Huckleberry Finn önéletírása volt. Mark Twain több éven át megszakításokkal dolgozott a regényen, ám végül elállt attól a szándékától, hogy bemutassa a főhős felnőtté válását. Feltehetőleg írás közben elvesztette az érdeklődését a téma iránt, és jó néhány évre félretette. Egy utazás után, amelyet a Mississippin lefelé tett, Twain visszatért a regényhez. Befejezéskor megváltoztatta a címet: Huckleberry Finn kalandjai (Tom Sawyer bajtársa).

Cselekménye

Huck és Tom a Mississippi menti, fiktív St. Petersburgban – amelyet a szerző a saját gyermekkori élményeit adó Hannibal (Missouri állam) városról mintázott – élik gyerekkorukat.

Huck a falu ifjú páriája, egy részeges csavargó fia, akit senki nem nevel, nem jár iskolába, teljesen törvényen kívül áll, ezért minden szülő tiltja a gyerekét tőle, ugyanezért viszont minden gyerek irigyli őt, és keresi tiltott társaságát.

A Tom Sawyer kalandjai végén Tom és Huck hatalmas értékű kincset talál. Huck eközben megakadályozza, hogy Indián Joe bosszúból megölje özvegy Douglasnét, ezért hálából az özvegy fiává fogadja. Huck nem tud megbarátkozni a civilizált életmóddal, és megszökik.

A Huckleberry Finn kezdetén Huck mégiscsak visszatér az özvegyhez, mivel Tom rablóbandát akar alapítani, és abba csak tisztességes, civilizált gyerekek léphetnek be...

Felbukkan Huck apja, a részeges csavargó, aki megtudja, hogy fia vagyonos lett. Egyrészt rá akarja tenni a kezét a pénzre, másrészt nem akarja, hogy fia többre vigye, mint ő. Ezért elrabolja az özvegytől a fiút, és a folyó túloldalán, egy lakatlan területen lévő viskóban tartja magánál. Hucknak alapjában véve tetszik új élete: nem kell iskolába járni, egész nap heverészés, pipázás, horgászás. Néhány dologgal azonban nem tud megbarátkozni: apja rendszeresen kékre-zöldre veri, és amikor dolgára megy, Huckot bezárja a viskóba. Egyszer részegen, delíriumos állapotában majdnem megöli a fiát. Huck ezért megszökik, és egy szigeten húzza meg magát.

Itt találkozik Jimmel, a szökött rabszolgával, aki szintén bujkál. Ettől kezdve egészen a regény végéig Hucknak lelkiismereti problémái vannak: egyrészt Jim a barátja, akinek szökését segítenie kell, másrészt megvetésre méltó bűnnek tartja azt, ha valaki egy szökött rabszolgát segít.

Megunva a szigeti életet, útra kelnek a folyón, és egyik kalandjuk a másikat követi.

Két csalót is felvesznek tutajukra, akiket már becsapott üldözőik majdnem utolértek. Velük közös számos kalandjuk azzal ér véget, hogy az egyik csaló Huck távollétében Jimet – mint szökött és körözött rabszolgát – eladja egy farmernak.

Huck kinyomozza, hová került Jim, és a segítségére indul. A farmon örömmel fogadják, mint kiderül, épp Tom Sawyert várják vendégségbe, aki rokonuk. Huck Tomnak adja ki magát. Hamarosan megérkezik Tom is, aki – hogy Huckot le ne leplezze – saját öccseként, Sidként mutatkozik be. Ez után a két barát együtt dolgozik azon, hogy a fogolyként tartott Jimet kiszabadítsák. Ez nem állna semmiből, hisz Jim bezárt kunyhójának kulcsához hozzáférnek, egyszerűen kiengedhetnék. De Tom túlságosan kalandvágyó és fantáziadús ahhoz, hogy ezt a megoldást válassza. Kedvenc könyveit tekinti kötelező mintának, melyekben államfoglyok évtizedes rabság után szöknek meg börtöneikből. Mindenféle mulatságos ostobaságot művelve, és nagy riadalmat keltve, elérik, hogy a környék összes farmere összegyűlik, és puskákkal felfegyverkezve várják, hogy Jim női ruhában megkezdje a szökést. Ebben a kalandban Tomot lövés éri, Jim pedig az elfogatást vállalva visszatér hozzá, hogy ápolja.

Hamarosan megérkezik Polly néni, Tom nagynénje, és minden rejtélyre fény derül: arra is, hogy nem Tom és Sid, hanem Huck és Tom voltak a farm vendégei, és arra is, hogy Jimet gazdája időközben bekövetkezett halála előtt felszabadította, így ő már szabad. Huck lelkiismerete megkönnyebbül, és azt is megérti, hogy egy ilyen jól nevelt fiú, mint Tom, miként vállalhatta egy szökött néger kiszabadítását…

Arra is fény derül, hogy Huck apja meghalt, a vagyon ismét az övé, Huck pedig folytatja szabad életét.

Fogadtatása
A Huckleberry Finn kalandjai kapott néhány barátságos hangvételű kritikát, de összességében a fogadtatása ellentmondásos volt. Az amerikai kiadás megjelenésekor néhány könyvtár kitiltotta az állományából. Az első kritikák a könyv nyerseségére vonatkoztak. A Boston Transcript a következő esetről számolt be:
A concordi közkönyvtár (Massachusetts állam) bizottsága úgy döntött, hogy kizárja Mark Twain legutóbbi könyvét a könyvtárból. A bizottság egyik tagja úgy nyilatkozott, hogy noha nem nevezné erkölcstelennek a művet, úgy véli, hogy alig van benne humor, és az is alantas fajta. Merő szemétnek tekinti. A könyvtár és a bizottság többi tagja hasonlóképpen vélekedik, úgy értékelve, hogy a regény nyers, közönséges és pórias, amely nem felemelő történeteket mesél el, így az egész könyv inkább a lecsúszottaknak való, semmint intelligens, tiszteletreméltó embereknek.
Twain később megjegyezte a kiadójának, hogy "a concordi könyvtár elítélte Huckot, mint ami szemét, és csak a lecsúszottaknak való. Ez minden bizonnyal huszonötezerrel emeli az eladott példányszámot!"

Későbbi kritikusok, köztük Ernest Hemingway az utolsó fejezeteket kifogásolták. Hemingway szerint "Az egész modern amerikai irodalom a Huck Finn-től származik, ugyanakkor arra figyelmeztetett, hogy ott kell megállni az olvasással, ahol Néger Jimet ellopják a fiúktól. Ez a valódi vége. A többi csak szélhámosság." A Pulitzer-díjas Ron Powers megállapítja Mark Twain életrajzában, hogy "Huckleberry Finnt az utolsó fejezetek ellenére remekműnek tartják."

Magyar fordításai
 Huckleberry Finn vándorlásai és kalandjai; ford. Kemény György; Magyar Könyvkiadó-Társaság, Budapest, 1905
 Huckleberry Finn kalandjai; ford. Rákosi Jenő, ill. Pólya Tibor; Athenaeum, Budapest, 1921
 Huckleberry Finn kalandjai; az ifjúság számára ford. Szegedy Ila; Tolnai, Budapest, 1930
 Huckleberry Finn és Tom Sawyer kalandjai; ford. Koroknay István, ill. Enyvvári Herbert; Révai, Budapest, 1936
Huckleberry Finn kalandjai; sajtó alá rend. Bodrits István; Testvériség-Egység, Újvidék, 1956
 Huckleberry Finn kalandjai; ford. Bartos Tibor; Impresszum, Budapest, 1998
 Huckleberry Finn kalandjai; átdolg. Suzanne McCabe, ford. Bocz András, ill. Richard Lauter; Alexandra, Pécs, 2005 (Illusztrált klasszikusok kincsestára)
 Huckleberry Finn kalandjai; átdolg. Oliver Ho, ford. Edwards Zsuzsanna; ill. Dan Andreasen; Alexandra, Pécs, 2010 (Klasszikusok könnyedén)
 Huckleberry Finn kalandjai; átdolg. Maria Seidemann, ford. Kincses Edit, ill. Markus Zöller; Ciceró, Budapest, 2013 (Klasszikusok kisebbeknek)
 Huckleberry Finn kalandjai; ford. Baktay Ervin, ill. Edward Windsor Kemble; Hopp Ferenc Ázsiai Művészeti Múzeum, Budapest, 2014

Feldolgozásai

Jegyzetek

Források
 A mű a Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtárban
 A regény adatlapja a Molyon

További információk
 Tom Sawyer és Huckleberry Finn kalandjai – Magyar Színház

Amerikai irodalmi művek szereplői
19. századi amerikai regények
Az 1880-as évek regényei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
La stagione 1931-1932 è stata la trentaseiesima edizione della Second Division, secondo livello del campionato di calcio inglese. Il capocannoniere del torneo fu Cyril Pearce dello Swansea Town  con 35 reti.

Classifica finale

Verdetti
  Wolverhampton Wanderers e Leeds United e  promosse in First Division 1932-1933.
  Barnsley e  Bristol City retrocesse in Third Division North/South 1932-1933.

Voci correlate
First Division 1931-1932
Third Division North/South 1931-1932
FA Cup 1931-1932
FA Charity Shield 1932

Collegamenti esterni
https://web.archive.org/web/20101102235351/http://www.statto.com/

Calcio nel 1931
Calcio nel 1932


text:
Mobile temporary accommodation and support for the homeless
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Dharma Care's Continuing Relationship with PIO
Recently, we asked John Thompson, Project Manager at the People Improvement Organization (PIO) to talk about the school's work and its relationship with Dharma Care's Sreylak Program for Girls.
John Thompson at the People Improvement Organisation
The People Improvement Organization (PIO) was founded in 2002 by Phymean Noun. It originally provided education, rice, school supplies and clean water to children working on the Steung Meanchey garbage dump. Starting from 20 children in a single classroom, it has grown over time to where it now offers education from Grade 1 through to Grade 12 in both the Cambodian national curriculum and English classes at all levels.
It provides education to those most in need, those who without PIO would have dropped out of school or perhaps never even have attended school. They are the children of low income families whose parents work at low-skilled, low-wage jobs and barely earn enough to support themselves and their children.
The work of Phymean has been recognised internationally. In 2008 she was a Top Ten Winner of the CNN Heroes Award. In 2015 she received the World's Children's Prize for her humanitarian work, and Her Excellency, Bun Rany Hun Sen, the President of the Cambodian Red Cross awarded Phymean the Medal of Honor for her ongoing humanitarian work with the children of Cambodia. In the same year, the Canadian Multicultural Council awarded Phymean the Special Humanitarian Award for her outstanding humanitarian work in Cambodia.
Like other NGOs, PIO relies entirely on the support of like-minded donors to continue its work. It is never easy to raise funds, but the Covid pandemic and subsequent financial crisis have had a marked impact. In the past two years there have been few visitors and very few new donors, and yet PIO remained committed to supporting its children during the long period of school closures in Cambodia.
PIO is grateful to sponsors such as Dharma Care who have continued to help in difficult times and ensured that the students most in need have continued to receive shelter, food and education. Dharma Care now supports 13 girls and young women at the school, six of whom are now achieving academic success at university through the support of Dharma Care.
PIO has been very successful in encouraging girls, living in very difficult circumstances, to continue their education as far as possible. Notably there are a number of young women who have made the journey from being a child labourer, to attending university through the ongoing support and nurture of PIO. Others were living in extreme poverty, but through the work of PIO were able to not only attend school, but to do so successfully and move on to meaningful employment or higher study.
PIO has developed a close working relationship with Dharma Care over many years, a relationship which has strengthened after the visit of Miyako Armytage (Board Member) and Irwan Wyllie (CEO) to the school in August 2019. We look forward to that relationship continuing and developing in its support of girls and young women at PIO.
2019 visit: John Thompson and Irwan Wyllie with DC's girls
We are most grateful to partner with an organization that shares our vision of providing a brighter future through education. Together we can change lives and enable girls and young women to reach their full potential through education.
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