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Employees objected to corporation's requirement for medical diagnosis on sick leave certificates
[Principle 4.4, Schedule 1]
A number of individuals complained that their employer, a corporation involved in transportation-related services, required a medical diagnosis to be included on their doctors' certificates for sick leave absences.
The complainants worked in high-risk, safety-sensitive positions. Company policy required them to provide a medical certificate for any sick leave that exceeded the five days of annual uncertified leave allowed by the corporation. The certificate, which was to be submitted to the occupational health nurse, had to include a medical diagnosis.
The employees acknowledged that their employer had the right to inquire, upon their return to work, whether they had been under a doctor's care and what restrictions, including any medications they might be taking, might prevent them from doing their jobs safely. However, they felt that supplying a medical diagnosis was excessive. They also felt that their employer was unreasonable to require such a diagnosis as a condition of payment for their sick leave credits.
The employer cited two reasons for requiring a medical diagnosis. The first was the safety-sensitive nature of the complainants' work and their "at risk" positions. According to the employer's sick leave policy, "at risk" employees are required to provide information on medical certificates that includes:
a medical diagnosis
a list of treatments received, including prescribed medications that might affect the employee's ability to work safely; and
information about functional limitations.
The corporation explained that a medical diagnosis is required for such employees since they often work long shifts in isolation and undertake duties demanding a combination of strength, agility and attention. It maintained that in many cases, an employee's physician is not aware of the nature of his or her job, whereas an occupational health nurse is better able to judge whether it is safe for the employee to return to regular duties. The organization provided no evidence that it used diagnostic information extensively for such a purpose.
The second reason for requiring a medical diagnosis concerned "suspicious absences." The corporation reserved the right to demand a medical certificate, including a diagnosis, from any employee who had taken sick leave immediately prior to or following vacation leave or during a period when the company had previously refused to allow time off. In some of these cases, the complainants' past record of leave-taking was deemed to be suspicious by the employer.
Further to discussions with this Office, however, the organization stated that it would no longer require employees to submit a medical certificate for suspicious absences. It also expressed a willingness to examine the requirement for specific medical diagnoses for "at risk" employees.
Issued in Fall 2003
Jurisdiction: As of January 1, 2001, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (the Act) applies to any federal work, undertaking or business. The Commissioner had jurisdiction in this case because the organization in question is a federal work, undertaking or business as defined in the Act.
Application: Principle 4.4 states that the collection of personal information must be limited to that which is necessary for the purposes identified by the organization.
The corporation had two stated purposes for collecting medical diagnoses from the complainants:
To verify their fitness for work in designated safety-sensitive positions after an absence exceeding their annual allowed uncertified sick leave; and
To verify, in circumstances deemed to be suspicious, whether the absences were due to genuine illness.
This Office has long recognized that an employer has both the right to satisfy itself that an employee's absence from work is justified and the obligation to determine whether an employee returning to work after sick leave is fit to resume assigned duties or must be otherwise accommodated. This Office also recognizes that, in order to fulfil the above purposes, it may be necessary to collect an employee's personal medical information. The question to be considered was how much information is enough in a given set of circumstances?
The Commissioner deliberated as follows:
It was entirely appropriate and reasonable for the organization to require medical certificates when the employees' absences exceeded the allowable limit for uncertified sick leave.
However, the word of the employees' physicians should have been sufficient. The corporation was entitled to request and receive certification that the complainants were ill, but, as the organization itself has acknowledged, it is not necessary to require employees to provide diagnostic information in cases of suspicious absences.
The organization did not demonstrate to this Office's satisfaction that it needed to inquire into the nature of the complainants' illnesses in order to ensure their fitness to resume their regular duties.
Although such a purpose is legitimate and diagnostic information may in some circumstances be necessary to its fulfilment, it was both unnecessary and inappropriate for the organization to have demanded medical diagnoses in the circumstances of these cases.
The Commissioner therefore found that the organization had contravened Principle 4.4.
He concluded that the complaints were well-founded.
The Commissioner made the following recommendations:
The organization should drop its requirement for mandatory inclusion of diagnoses in the medical certificates of employees designated "at risk" and henceforth limit its collection of employees' diagnostic information to cases of clear necessity in the fulfilment of legitimate purposes. The corporation should amend its sick leave policy accordingly.
The organization should revisit its decision to deny medical leave to individuals who refused to provide a medical diagnosis.


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888 California Ave, Winchester, CA 92545
237.29 acres of incredible potential! Prime corner location at the intersection of California, Stowe, and Stetson. Strategically situated near the future realigned SR-79 and between the interchanges on Florida Ave and Grand. High visibility with 1.3 miles of road frontage. Expect heavy traffic volume in the future as the realigned SR-79 becomes the main north-south route of San Jacinto valley, bridging I-15 and I-10. Two adjoining parcels included in the sale: 465-080-007 (160 acres) and 465-080-008 (77.29 acres). Currently under the jurisdiction of Riverside County. Zoned residential under Riverside County and Hemet's general plans, and industrial / commercial under Winchester. There's a planned Metro station on Grand Ave and a business park across the street on Stowe. Water and electricity connected. Just 2 miles north of Diamond Valley Lake. Please check with Riverside County for further details on the SR-79 Realignment Project.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Although Morocco managed to make progress in the United Nations Food and Security report, the number of people suffering from undernourishment in the country remains high.
In Morocco, the number of people suffering from malnutrition and undernourishment dropped dramatically compared to 2012. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) released, Tuesday, its 2018 report on food security and nutrition in the world.
According to the survey, only 1.4 million people were subjected to undernourishment in Morocco between 2015 and 2017, compared to the period between 2004 and 2006, when malnutrition affected 1.7 million people in the country.
These numbers remain lower than what has been registered in Sudan, Egypt and Algeria. However, they significantly exceed the situation in Tunisia where 0.5 million people suffer from malnutrition.
Meanwhile, the number of obese adults in Morocco between 2012 and 2017 grew, moving from 4.8 people in 2012 to 5.9 million Moroccan in 2016.
FAO explains in its report that 3.5 million Moroccan women, aged between 15 and 49, were suffering from anemia in 2017. The number was limited to 3.1 million women in 2012.
Moreover, Morocco is one of the countries affected by multiple forms of malnutrition. The North African Kingdom is listed next to Algeria, Serbia and Tunisia, which have a rising number of obesities among children. More than 20% of Moroccan adults are considered obese.
Giving more details, the report indicates that undernourishment affected 5.7% of the population in Morocco during the period between 2004 and 2006 and 3.9% between 2015 and 2017.
In North Africa, adult obesity continues to increase, moving from 22.4% to 25.6% of the population between 2012 and 2016.
For women anemia, the number grows, reaching 36.9% in 2016, compared to 34.2% in 2012.
Overall, the number of people suffering from hunger in the world keeps rising. According to FAO, 821 million people were affected by hunger in 2017. «They are also challenging health and caregiving practices and are thus among the underlying causes of food insecurity and malnutrition in several parts of the world», wrote the UN report.
«The critical aspect going forward is to build lasting climate resilience, which will require scaled-up policies, programs and practices and better ways of working to ensure their success».
The UN organization is also linking climate variability to famine. «Hunger is significantly worse in countries with agricultural systems that are highly sensitive to rainfall and temperature variability and severe drought, and where the livelihood of a high proportion of the population depends on agriculture», added FAO.
The number of people in the world suffering from chronic undernourishment also remains below the 900 million recorded in 2000.
For teh record, the report is a collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Children's Fund World Food Program (WFP) and the World Health Organization (WHO).


I paid about 150 US$ per night. You can reach them at +592 225 2853 The price-quality rate is good! Tell me how you experienced Pagasus!
About $150. Per night breakfast included.
how much do you guys charge nightly for a room ?
The cost was $132 per night inclusive of tax and continental breakfast.
what is the depth of the pool and size?


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Home Latest Education News National News NOUN lists requirements for postgraduate students' graduation
NOUN lists requirements for postgraduate students' graduation
Abdussalam Amoo
National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) has announced the list of requirements for postgraduate students.
This is contained in a statement by its director of media, Malam Ibrahim Sheme, in reaction to reports that some students have not graduated even after taking all their courses.
It said in line with NUC's Benchmark Minimum Academic Standards (BMAS) for Nigerian universities, the minimum pass mark for all postgraduate courses is a "C", which is a "credit" and carries a grade point of 3 (in clinical/pharmaceutical sciences, it is a "B").
"In terms of the graduation requirements for most programmes, a student is required to have earned a minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 3.00 and a Total Credit Earned (TCE, meaning the summation of all the courses registered and PASSED) of 30 before they may be pronounced "graduated" by the university", it read.
"For professional programmes like the MBA, the TCE is far higher. In addition to CGPA and TCE, postgraduate students are similarly expected to have fulfilled other academic requirements like passing all the courses registered, particularly the core courses.
"For example, a postgraduate student must pass the Good Study Guide (GST707/807), which is an introductory course for an Open and Distance Learning (ODL) student, etc. A postgraduate student cannot, for example, fail a core course like Research Project, Research Methodology, etc., and expect to be graduated even though he/she has met the minimum TCE and CGPA for the programme.
ALSO READ: Say no to drugs, cultism, Ambode's wife urges LASU students
"While the mantra of the current University Management is to make NOUN "more NUC than NUC" itself, the University is not unaware of the fact that in the formative years of the university, some of our operations were not properly aligned with the regulatory dictates of the NUC and as such some of the postgraduate students may not have been properly informed on the degree awarding rules for the programmes they applied for.
"We are mindful of this and steps are being taken to, first, adequately sensitise the students who were given admission with effect from the 2016 1st semester on the need to fully comply with the NUC BMAS and, secondly, to come up with a justifiable modality that would ensure that older students who are caught up in the system as a result of their inability to meet the minimum graduation requirements are accommodated.
"Let us be clear that the latter would be done bearing in mind the need to not water down the quality of the degrees and certificates of the National Open University of Nigeria.
"In this regard the Board of the School of Postgraduate Studies is in the process of re-examining the cases of students in this category on a case-by-case basis, and its final decision would be deliberated on the floor of the University Senate."
ALSO READ: Why Obasanjo spent less than two years on his PhD - NOUN
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Abdussalam is dedicated to continuous learning. He has proven competence in journalism, teaching, and writing. Contact him via abdussalam@educeleb.com.
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Where There Is a Will, the Path Appears
The Road to BERRICHI
Berit Joosep
An accountant by day, and a herbal alchemist by night, Berit Joosep was living the normal life of a working mom of two.
She had no prior experience in the world of cosmetics.
She did not set out to create an innovative skincare line. It just happened.
On the way, she learned about chemistry, about business and about herself.
She learned to push her boundaries beyond points she had not known before.
She learned that she did not need to know the how, but as long as she was moving forward, the path presented itself. Where there is a will, there is a way, is something she came to fully believe.
This belief was truly put to the test as she and her husband, Janno Joosep, endeavored to bring her perfect formula to life; as they were feeling their way through the hurdles of birthing their skincare company, ninety percent of the people they met along the way advised not to embark on this journey.
They learned that competition in the cosmetics business is fierce and it is very difficult to succeed.
On several occasions, they considered abandoning their quest, but Berit's desire for pure and nourishing skincare and her husband's unwavering belief and support kept them moving forward.
Berit grew up in Viljandi, Estonia in a family of four, as the younger sister.
She was a lively tomboy who climbed trees, tricked her friends and tried to avoid school as best as she could.
She particularly loved the summers spent at her grandparents' house.
These summers were some of the most influential times in her life.
It was there where she was introduced to nature and all things earthy.
Vanaema and vanaisa, as she called them, were very nurturing and conscientious people, who truly lived their lives in harmony with nature.
Berit learned a lot from them. She learned that broadleaf plantain leaves applied to a fresh wound stops the bleeding, that washing her hair with egg will make it soft and shiny and that jumping in the ice-cold water will significantly strengthen her immune system.
She grew up with the understanding that nature provides remedies that help the body to utilize its immense healing capabilities.
It was a few years after the birth of her second child that Berit became more deeply involved with natural remedies as she struggled to get the balance of her skin back to normal.
She did not find any product that gave her the desired result.
Finally, in 2014, this pushed her to sign up for classes to learn about botany and chemistry in the hope of creating exactly what her skin needed.
Berit believed that nature has the answer for her skin troubles.
The breakthrough to finding the right ingredients came after their family trip to Bali, where both Berit and her husband noticed the immense amount of algae at the fish market.
The elderly fishermen's soft and silky hands also caught their attention; particularly, since it was in such a deep contrast with their otherwise tanned and wrinkled skin.
This observation was the catalyst for the bigger journey into the world of skincare and in 2017, BERRICHI was born.
The BERRICHI products derive their uniqueness from their active ingredients and their combination.
The main active ingredients, furcellaran extracted from Baltic Sea red algae and astaxanthin from the Icelandic microalgae, are combined with superoils.
Furcellaran slows down the aging process by neutralizing free radicals and provides deep skin moisture.
Astaxanthin's small molecular structure enables it to cross many cell membranes and treat the skin at its deepest layers.
The primary superoils used in the formulas are cacay oil and apricot kernel oil.
The oils earn the "super" designation for their highly potent properties; their nutrients, fatty acids and vitamins are highly valued skincare ingredients.
The search for the ultimate combination took two and half years.
While astaxanthin had been widely researched and used in skincare, there was no known cosmetic application of furcellaran, which, however, has been traditionally used in the making of marmalade candy in the Baltic Sea region.
In early 2015, Berit and Janno commissioned research into furcellaran conducted by scientists Dr. Rando Tuvikene and Marju Robal at the Institute of Natural and Health Sciences of Tallinn University, Estonia.
The powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and deep moisturizing properties of furcellaran were scientifically proven by their research.
Subsequently, the initial formula was developed.
The product development of the BERRICHI line was also advised by Tartu Biotechnology Park, Enterprise Development Foundation and Baltic Blue Bio Alliance.
The BERRICHI skincare line was launched in October 2017.
By March 2018, BERRICHI became a success story of the Estonian green cosmetics industry, winning its first Beauty Shortlist Award. Among the earliest admirers of BERRICHI was Mrs. Evelin Ilves, Estonia's First Lady at the time, evidenced by her personal Facebook post and candid product review published in the popular Estonian Women's Magazine, Anne & Stiil.
The brand name BERRICHI may seem a bit Italian, but in fact it is composed of Berit's nickname, BERR, and the word CHI, symbolizing soul, vitality and passion.
A name well fitting; Berit put her whole heart and soul into her creations.
Berit's bold and passionate journey has been an inspiring example for many, including Berit's sister Marit, who has believed in BERRICHI from the beginning.
After establishing a solid presence in Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Sweden, Germany and Austria, the brand was ready to make its debut in the United States. and the path appeared once again.
Berit looked to her sister, a long-time U.S. resident, for guidance. It was not before long that Marit joined the BERRICHI team as its U.S. representative.
Now, the complete BERRICHI product line is also available in the U.S.
If you would like to know more about BERRICHI's activities in the U.S., you are invited to follow the BerrichiUS Facebook page.
If you would like to surprise your loved ones with pure and nourishing skincare products, you can visit the www.berrichi.us website.
By Katalin Pesti


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Roseburg, OR (97470)
Overcast. High 56F. Winds light and variable..
Becoming cloudy with occasional rain late. Low 43F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 100%. Rainfall near a quarter of an inch.
Farms & Pumpkin Patches
Rosa Ruiz pours a draft at North Forty Beer Company in downtown Roseburg.
MICHAEL SULLIVAN/News-Review file photo
Boards cover the entrance to the former K-Mart department store in Roseburg recently. Signs of economic decay, such as the K-Mart building and the abandoned Rite Aid building in downtown Roseburg, are an eyesore for the community.
Willie Pete's Chili and Eats food truck owner Paul Bjelland is preparing to start operation at The Lot in Roseburg on Dec. 11.
MICHAEL SULLIVAN/The News-Review/
From left, The SunnySide co-owners Daniel Thomas and Judd Louis work with Kevin Upright to renovate the interior of their music venue in downtown Roseburg. Brewpubs, restaurants and wine tastings should be part of what locals hope will be a continued rebirth of downtown Roseburg.
MICHAEL SULLIVAN/News-Review file photos
Hemp plants grow in abundance at Hemptown USA near Central Point. Oregon's hemp acerage has grown enough in recent years that only Colorado surpasses it.
George Plaven/Capital Press
Anvil Northwest rolled out a new logo to promote the City of Roseburg on social media.
Anvil Northwest via Facebook
Top 20 in 20, Part II
SCOTT CARROLL The News-Review
Scott Carroll
With the decade about to end and 2020 on the horizon, this is a good time to dust off the crystal ball and make some predictions for what I expect the economic landscape to look like next year. Here are what I believe will be the top business/economic stories for Douglas County in 2020. Numbers 11-20 appear below; 1-10 were in last Sunday's newspaper.
11. Cannibis: One of the biggest differences in the region over the last 20 years has been the growth of the cannabis industry. The most visible and obvious example of this are the 13 licensed marijuana dispensaries in Douglas County, according to the Oregon Liquor Control Commission. By comparison, there are 150 dispensaries in Portland alone and more than 550 statewide. Of course supplying those dispensaries is also big industry in Oregon — the OLLC issued more than 1,100 active producer licenses in the last three years alone. Then there is the booming hemp industry. Just drive around Douglas County and you'll see acres of hemp growing where there used to be corn, hay and other crops.
12. New Apartments: A recent study confirmed it but anyone who has tried to find a decent apartment in the area already knew that there is an acute shortage of affordable housing in the county. That shortage exacerbates the growing number of homeless here and also makes it difficult for middle-class professionals like nurses, teachers and police officers to live and work here. Good news is on the way, in the form of three new apartment complexes totaling, nearly 300 units, all slated for the Diamond Lake Boulevard corridor east of downtown. That won't put an end to the housing shortage here — one study found that an additional 2,700 units will be needed to house the more than 5,500 people expected to move here in the next 20 years — but it's a start.
13. Downtown Roseburg: I've written about it a lot in my short time here, but here it goes again: good things are happening downtown. People are going there to sample the restaurants, brewpubs and wine tastings. A new high-end food catering business, Craft 22, just opened and a live music venue, The SunnySide, is scheduled to open early next year. Business-wise, the "business incubator" spot The Loft is humming, and its owner, entrepreneur Trevor Mauch, bought the old Roseburg Book and Stationery building and plans to renovate it and put retail businesses in. Good things are about to happen.
14. Tourism Promotion: Tourism in Douglas County is big business and efforts to bring tourists here are critical to the local economy. That task will now belong to the Roseburg marketing firm Anvil Northwest. The handoff to Anvil was a bit awkward — the local tourism promotion contract had been held for 20 years by the Roseburg Area Chamber of Commerce. But the city canceled the contract this year, amid sniping between city officials and the chamber, and awarded a $450,000 annual contract to Anvil. Anvil then wowed city officials at a power point presentation. Look for good things from the forward-looking marketing firm. Also look for so-called "sports tourism" — mountain biking, rock climbing, kayaking, even large bowling tournaments — to continue to grow as a segment of the local tourism industry.
15. Brewpubs: North Forty brewpub, which opened in the summer of 2018, is just one example of the growing brewpub scene here. And it's not just the quantity of brewpubs in the county but the quality of the product they produce. I work near downtown Roseburg and there are a half-dozen terrific brewpubs within a five minute drive and at least a couple I can walk to. All of these brewpubs now bottle and can beers — some even can it on the spot — bringing exposure and revenue to them and the region.
16. New Businesses: Getting in shape one of your New Year's resolutions? You're in luck, thanks to the recent opening of the 20,000 square-foot Planet Fitness gym in the Roseburg Marketplace. Next to Planet Fitness is the newly-opened Shoe Dept. Encore, and Ulta Beauty next to that is set to open shortly. Fairfield Inn, Mountain Mike's Pizza, The SunnySide live music venue, Craft 22 Catering, Tractor Supply Co., Douglas County Co-op and several other new businesses have also just opened or are slated to open in 2020. Those new businesses mean jobs for people and more choices for consumers. It's still more of a dribble than a waterfall, but these businesses should provide a boost to the local economy.
17. Millenials: Arin Forrest, co-owner of the popular North Forty brewpub, is under 40 years old yet one of the oldest members of the board of the Downtown Roseburg Association. Trevor Mauch, new owner of the former Roseburg Book and Stationery is about the same age. Mauch started the Young Entrepreneurship Society, a club for aspiring business owners, and established the Loft, a downtown Roseburg entrepreneurial workspace. In 2017 Mauch was named one of the top CEOs in Oregon under 40. Get the drift? It might have been inevitable, but there is a large and growing core of business owners under 40 that are driving the economy. Look for that encouraging trend to continue.
18. Vacant Buildings: This is a pet peeve of mine. The sign of a healthy, growing economy are bulldozers, cranes and work crews building new homes, apartments and office buildings. The sign of the opposite — economic decay — are vacant buildings like the old K-Mart on Stewart Parkway and the Rite Aide in downtown Roseburg. This region will never be truly economically vibrant with those eyesores cluttering up the landscape. Moreover, they are a sign of a lack of vision among developers and city planners.
19. Cougar Canyon: Cougar Canyon Golf Course outside of Myrtle Creek closed in early October following a lengthy squabble between the city of Myrtle Creek and the company that has the rights to manage the course. The closure of the course, which is a hidden gem as anyone who has ever been there can attest, is good news to absolutely no one. I don't expect it to stay closed for long, and when it does reopen look for it to be better than ever.
20. Food Trucks: I like everything about them, starting with the names: The Bun Stuffer, Happy Camper Café, Dragon Wagon Food Trailer, and Wrappin and Rollin, just to name a few. OK so it's not the have-to-go out-of-control food cart scene in Portland, but it's a start. I've found the food at each of the food trucks to be solid, and relatively inexpensive. I expect more to come in 2020, including a surprise or two.
Kind of like the county's economic situation as a whole.
Scott Carroll can be reached at 541-947-4204, or by email at scarroll@nrtoday.com.
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Scott Carroll is the business reporter for The News-Review. Follow him on Twitter @scottcarroll15.
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DMCC partners BSAF to boost agri commodities trade between UAE and South Asia
Cargill to remove industrially produced trans-fatty acids from its entire global edible oils portfolio
USA – Agricultural commodities trader, Cargill has committed to removing industrially-produced trans-fatty acids (iTFAs) from its entire global edible oils portfolio in an effort to improve consumer diets.
Over the last 25 years, Cargill has removed an estimated one billion pounds (nearly 500,000 metric tons) of iTFAs from the global food supply.
With this commitment, the company will now achieve 100% compliance, including in countries where there currently is no legislative mandate.
To achieve this final 11%, the company is significantly investing in upgrades at several facilities to reduce the amount of iTFAs produced during the oil manufacturing process.
It is also leveraging decades of innovation expertise to provide food customers alternative formulations that will help them meet the WHO best practice.
According to Cargill, the transition will help it and its customers comply with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended standard.
The standard recommends a maximum of two grams of industrially-produced trans-fatty acids (iTFA) per 100 grams fats/oils by the end of 2023.
US multinational beverage giant PepsiCo, a key customer of Cargill, was happy with the announcement.
"We are thrilled to see Cargill's commitment to reduce iTFAs in all of their oils, in service of the World Health Organization's goal to phase iTFAs out of the food supply," said René Lammers, Executive Vice President, and Chief Science Officer, PepsiCo.
"This move aligns with PepsiCo's efforts to reduce iTFAs in our foods and is a crucial part of our pep+ (PepsiCo Positive) journey to evolve our food and beverage portfolio to be better for the planet and people."
Eliminating iTFAs would be timely as their detrimental effects on health are no longer disputed.
According to a report published by the European Parliament, a daily intake of 5 gr of ITFA is proved to increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by 23%.
CHD is the most common cause of death in the EU, accounting for over 680 000 deaths every year, and is estimated to cost the EU EUR 60 billion yearly.
WHO's REPLACE initiative provides a guide for governments and industry to implement a best practice on iTFA in the global food supply chain to address related health concerns.
With this announcement, Cargill becomes the first edible oils supplier to make this commitment.
"Even as the world continues to battle the COVID-19 pandemic, we know that worldwide, improving nutrition remains a top concern," said David Webster, leader of Cargill's food ingredients and bioindustrial enterprise and chief risk officer.
"This commitment aligns with our purpose to nourish the world in a safe, responsible and sustainable way."
The agricultural commodities giant joins many of the world's largest food companies and members of the International Food and Beverage Alliance (IFBA) who have committed to the WHO goal.
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Q: Support for Side DB in Composer? Are there any plans for composer, to make usage of the recently released Side DB feature (https://jira.hyperledger.org/browse/FAB-1151)?
As a developer I would like to be able to submit private data with composer-client and choose, which organisations are allowed to access that data.
I know I can call the native fabric API, but then I can't use the composer features, such as ACLs.

A: its not supported in Composer yet at this present time, but there are plans. Most of SideDB production-ready features are planned for Fabric v1.2 (per related https://jira.hyperledger.org/browse/FAB-8718) and its experimental in Fabric v1.1.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Rajin Saleh came good in the Pakistan series. He has been slated as the new find for Bangladesh. Tough, resilient, and in possession of a technique rarely seen among Bangladeshi batsman, Rajin has aroused the praise, respect and curiosity of numerous fans. In a special interview he spoke to New Age on life before and after the tour that changed his career.
New Age: You kept your promise in the Pakistan tour. Do you have any specific target for the home series against England?
Rajin Saleh: I like to play for myself and thereby contribute to the team. I believe playing for myself and playing for the team go hand in hand. That's the way I tried to apply myself in Pakistan and I would like to continue in the upcoming series also.
I know after playing some good cricket in Pakistan the expectations are high. I hope to be able to fulfil the expectations.
NA: Do you feel any extra pressure in this regard?
RS: Not really. I think the expectation is a kind of inspiration for me. I will now try to play for myself, for my team as well as for my family. My target is basically to maintain stability in the performance. I don't like to get a century and than get out for five or six.
NA: Have you studied the bowlers of the England team, you are going to face?
RS: No, I am yet to make any study. However I have seen them playing cricket on television and I got some clues about their bowling. I am confident enough to face them.
NA: You had been used as an irregular bowler in the Pakistan tour. Did it seem like an extra burden to you?
RS: I always enjoy my bowling. And I never thought that bowling could create problems concentrating on the batting.
NA: The Bangladesh team is currently facing a problem with the openers especially in the one-day matches. If the team decides to send you in up the order as an opener, would you be as confident?
RS: I am ready to bat at any position for the sake of the team. Although my favourite position is number four.
NA: What type of support are you getting from the senior team mates?
RS: Oh! It's really great. I must mention my captain Khaled Mahmud. He helped me a lot on the Pakistan tour. Sujan (Mahmud) Bhai is still encouraging me in many ways. Then there are Habibul Bashar and Javed Omar. These two senior batsmen are helping me a lot after being included in the national team. All of us used to discuss many things in the dressing room.
NA: You have never been slated as a cricketing talent. Do you think, not having to do with such attention helped you mature?
R.S: I never believe in the concept of talent. I am a 'sweat and blood' cricketer and that helped me make a return to the team after being dropped after the inaugural Test. I promised myself to become a Test player first and then be a one-day player. Accordingly, my dream was fulfilled in Pakistan with my Test debut coming earlier than the one-day debut.
N.A: You are referred to as the Jonty Rhodes of Bangladesh. What do you have to say to that?
R.S: I am really not concerned what one has to say about me, but, yes, I am an ardent follower of Rhodes, arguably the greatest fielder in the world.
I picked up a knack for fielding in the point and square leg region from him. I am not very fond of slip fielding owing to my rather unblessed height (he adds cheekily).
N.A: During the fifth one-day international against Pakistan, the viewers on television were witness to an altercation between you and Mohammad Sami. What really happened?
R.S: I had hit Sami for two consecutive fours after which he had hurled abuses at me, saying things I could not even utter. In the next ball I hit him for another boundary, walked up to him, and told him to run to the boundary and collect the ball.
N.A: Which version of the game do you enjoy more, one-day or Test matches?
R.S: Definitely Test cricket. The close-in fielding ensures that once the ball is out of reach of the fielders, it is a guaranteed boundary. Test innings always gets more fun once you settle in and can hit the ball over the fielders.
N.A: How would you like to end your career? Any targets?
R.S: With an average of 40 in both forms of the game.


text:
Search for My Tongue by Sujata Bhatt
'Search for My Tongue' by Sujata Bhatt describes the speaker's struggle embracing a new culture and "tongue." While fearing they'll forsake the core details of who they are in the process.
Though Bhatt depicts this situation in ways that express desperation to hold to that "mother tongue," the final thoughts of the poem indicate her fears of "los[ing]" it is unfounded as it will always return to her—and even "grow" through the struggle—since the fundamental aspects of who she is are greater than the ulterior things she has had to learn. All this is discussed in 'Search for My Tongue.'
This piece was published in Brunizem, the poet's first collection. It was released in 1988. It is one of several poems the poet wrote that uses two different languages.
Explore Search for My Tongue
2 Structure and Form
3 Literary Devices
4 Detailed Analysis
5 About Sujata Bhatt
6 Similar Poetry
'Search for My Tongue' by Sujata Bhatt is a powerful poem about identity. The poet depicts her speaker's native and foreign tongues.
in the first lines of this poem, the speaker talks about what she means when she says that she "lost her tongue." This is less literal and more metaphorical. She's lost her native language, something fundamental to who she is. The speaker emphasizes how impossible it is to use both languages at the same time, even if one speaks them fluently. She knows that one's first language is always going to slip away if they live somewhere where no one else speaks it.
The speaker translates the second stanza within the third, explaining that her tongue grew back in her Gujarati dream. It becomes stronger and stronger until it could battle with the foreign tongue. The poem concludes with the speaker saying that she's always reminded of her original language when she thinks she's forgotten it.
Structure and Form
'Search for My Tongue' by Sujata Bhatt is a three-stanza poem that is split between English and Gujarati, the speaker's native language. The first and last stanzas are in English, and the middle stanza is in Gujarati. The first contains sixteen lines, the second: eight, and the third: eight. The poet chose to compose this piece in free verse. This means that the poem does not follow a specific rhyme scheme or metrical pattern. She uses colloquial diction throughout, addressing "you" in the middle of the poem.
Bhatt makes use of several literary devices in 'Search for My Tongue.' These include but are not limited to:
Alliteration: occurs when the poet uses the same consonant sounds at the beginning of words. For example, "mother" and "mouth" at the end of the poem.
Metaphor: seen through the poet's depiction of their speaker's tongue growing back like a flower.
Imagery: in the final lines, the poet describes how her newly grown native language tongue can tie her foreign language tongue into knots, asserting its dominance. This original depiction of linguistic duality is a clever use of imagery.
Lines 1-9
You ask me what I mean
by saying I have lost my tongue.
I ask you, what would you do
and could not really know the other,
the foreign tongue.
You could not use them both together
The conversational tone that is embraced is clear within the first three lines of the poem since Bhatt discusses a fictional conversation that occurs between the reader and herself. Specifically, Bhatt insists that the person she is addressing posed the question of "what [was] mean[t]" in regard to "hav[ing] lost [her] tongue," and she answers that question by posing a question of her own. This stands as evidence of a full conversation that involves back-and-forth dialogue, though the unveiling of that back-and-forth dialogue is only offered in one voice (Bhatt's) as she gives the report of that exchange.
There are a number of possibilities as to why Bhatt has chosen this approach. One is the simple possibility that this poem is addressing the person with whom she has this conversation. This possibility is a bit too obvious to be the case, however, particularly since having that back-and-forth dialogue in this method would not have required a published work. Rather, the back-and-forth conversation could have continued between the two people without additional readers being brought into the equation.
Bringing in those other readers sparks a universality of the topic, referencing that it is a concept that multiple people can relate to. This is a valid approach for two reasons within this work. The first is that if Bhatt were interested in relating her story to others who have similar stories, she has quickly rallied like-minded people to her side of understanding by creating an instant need for defense.
There is no context in which this other person has asked about the "los[s of her]… tongue," so all the reader can infer is that Bhatt's perspective is not understood and is being questioned. For anyone reading this who does not need that explanation of Bhatt's mentality, this method establishes a connection between the poet and the reader. They are both instantly aligned on the same side of perspective and understanding.
As an additional benefit to bringing this universality into the scenario, this poem is about various cultures interacting with one another. This can be seen specifically when Bhatt references "the mother tongue" and "the foreign tongue" as a person learns a new language. This topic has a universality about it since cultures intermingle, and that universality of bringing a private conversation into the public eye mirrors that concept.
Earlier it was mentioned that the poem's approach creates a defensiveness within the reader due to the lack of context given for the beginning question, and the remainder of these lines solidify that notion by sparking sympathy for the poet. This tactic is tended to by showing defensiveness on the poet's part since any time a person answers a question with something akin to "what would you do," it entails that the person believes theirs to be the rational stance.
Given that the poet is referring to a situation of "los[ing]" something so crucial to their nature and person, as well as the submersion into something that they "really [, did not] know" as a replacement for what they "lost," this concept is understandable.
The idea that this confusion of ideas is so impacting that it invades the thoughts—"even if you thought that way," "[y]ou could not use them both together"—brings that idea of deep-rooted struggle and consequential sympathy to a higher level for the reader.
Lines 10-16
even if you thought that way.
And if you lived in a place you had to
until you had to spit it out.
I thought I spit it out
This defensive approach of referencing the situation as "if" the reader had to endure it continues in this series of lines, and the devastation that is exposed from the language controversy is taken to a higher level. In particular, Bhatt insists that "liv[ing] in a place [where] you had to speak a foreign tongue" would make "your mother tongue" "rot, rot and die in your mouth." The repetition of the word "rot" is telling, as if Bhatt believes the damage to be so horrific that stating the verb once is not sufficient to get the point across. A secondary "rot" must happen to bring the idea into full enough focus.
The response that she gives in regard to having this "rot[ting]" happening is that the speaker must "spit it out." This wording is interesting since it parallels what a person might say when someone is struggling with their words, even if the reason for that struggle is not a language barrier.
With this connection, especially since Bhatt has placed the wording in quotation marks like someone has told her to do so, frustration is represented on the part of the listener and again boosts the level of defensiveness felt by the speaker. That speaker is the one "los[ing]" her "tongue," so rationally, she would be the one frustrated. To hear her endure external frustration from a listener worsens her tale into something that is even more worthy of compassion.
Now, logically, the language would not "rot" or "die" within this speaker since a "mother tongue" would have been learned so fully that adding a new language would probably not cause the speaker to forget their "first one." Using those words can have more extended meanings, such as providing an exaggeration of ideas that expresses the poet's frustration. Another possibility would be that this "rot and die" idea expands the language differentiation to other cultural variations that the poet might experience. Perhaps Bhatt feels like parts of her culture and heritage must be forsaken for assimilation, and this would mean that the language concept is only a representation of her frustration.
Bhatt turns her focus away from the other person in this conversation in lines fifteen and sixteen by abandoning the strategy of questioning how they would manage in her shoes. As if the other person no longer matters, Bhatt dives into how that "mother tongue" comes back to her "overnight while [she] dream[s]." This method of delivery hints that, in the end, it is not the people around Bhatt that matter, but who she continues to be, given that when her moment of importance happens, it is directly after she leaves off discussing her situation with others. Once the moment arrives, it is only about her and her reactions.
but overnight while I dream,
(munay hutoo kay aakhee jeebh aakhee bhasha)
(modhama kheelay chay)
(fullnee jaim mari bhasha mari jeebh)
The positioning of these lines between the English ones represents that who she is at her core still remains who she was before "the foreign tongue" became an issue. She may speak this "foreign tongue" and embrace "foreign" concepts, but deep within, she is still the same person with her heritage. Just as this series of lines are embedded between "the foreign tongue" lines, her true nature is embedded in an irreversible way within her.
(modhama pakay chay)
it grows back, a stump of a shoot
I think I've lost the mother tongue,
it blossoms out of my mouth.
The embedded concept from the previous lines "grows" in these final ideas since Bhatt is not just saying that her "mother" concepts have stayed within her, but she "pushes" that concept further by insisting that her "mother tongue" strengthens over "time." In fact, it is "longer" with the passage of "time" and "strong" enough that "it ties the other tongue in knots."
The notion that it is "moist" and that its "bud opens" unveils new life and health that would be characteristic of a garden that "blossoms" even in harsh conditions. Essentially, with this perseverance and life, Bhatt finds that even when she "think[s she's] forgotten" it, she learns that her "mother tongue" is still alive and well within her. This process of "forg[etting]" and remember is linked to the natural elements that are at play within this section since, as plants have a cycle of life that leads to "buds" and "blossoms," this circular pattern—feeling as though "the mother tongue" has "rot[ted]" only to find that it is alive—continues to persist in Bhatt's life.
The very notion as well that "the mother tongue" "ties the other tongue in knots" indicates the perseverance of the culture Bhatt considers as her "first" connection because, even though it only surfaces at "night" in a "dream," it is still "strong" enough to have victory over "the foreign tongue." In this, the reader can infer that so long as Bhatt holds to her natural culture, it will also be the "strong" component of her life, regardless of if she uses it in a lesser amount in her current life.
This contradicts the idea that she has "lost [her] tongue" because, by the declarations of the final lines, "the mother tongue" will always exist and thrive. Once more, two explanations exist for this division of rationale. One is that Bhatt has shown a level of panic in connection to "los[ing]" her culture, and she has fallen into the trap of exaggeration due to that panic. This rationale would highlight how significant her "tongue" is to her, thus boosting the severity of the topic to the reader. If the situation leads her to such panic, it can be inferred that it is massively important to the poet. The second explanation is that she only "los[es]" her "tongue" throughout her day, meaning that it is embedded within her, but it is temporarily drowned out by the "tongue" she must use in her day-to-day life. Through this explanation, the "tongue" was never gone but temporarily "pushe[d]" aside.
Whether this poem is about language specifically or a larger idea of culture, it gives a solid view of a person trying to balance their "mother" being with a "foreign" concept. It is a balance, but in the end, the history and character of the person can remain even as more elements are added to them—though not without the fear that who they are will somehow slip away. It is an ongoing, trying process, but not one that must steal a "tongue" or culture.
About Sujata Bhatt
Sujata Bhatt was born in 1956 in India, but she moved to the United States and earned a graduate degree in Iowa. She is known for her writing and translation work, and because of these factors, she has become a popular name in the literary world.
Similar Poetry
Readers who enjoyed 'Search for My Tongue' should also consider reading some other Sujata Bhatt poems. For example:
'Muliebrity' – describes the sight of a young girl in India who spends her days picking up cow-dung and the inherent "glistening" power she has.
'Partition' – depicts the simple tale of a woman going to a "railway station" to provide for distressed people.
'The Peacock' – explains how she saw a glimpse of a bird which, according to her, seems like a peacock.
Home » Sujata Bhatt » Search for My Tongue
About Connie Smith
Connie L. Smith spends a decent amount of time with her mind wandering in fictional places. She reads too much, likes to bake, and might forever be sad that she doesn't have fairy wings. She has her BA from Northern Kentucky University in Speech Communication and History (she doesn't totally get the connection either), and her MA in English and Creative Writing. In addition, she freelances as a blogger for topics like sewing and running, with a little baking, gift-giving, and gardening having occasionally been thrown in the topic list.
The devil is in the details
"The devil is in the details" is an English proverb that's used to remind someone to pay attention to the details.
Smith, Connie. "Search for My Tongue by Sujata Bhatt". Poem Analysis, https://poemanalysis.com/sujata-bhatt/search-for-my-tongue/. Accessed 23 January 2023.


text:
El entrelazado es una técnica consistente en organizar la información digital de forma no contigua para mejorar las prestaciones de un sistema.

El entrelazado (interleaving en inglés) es empleado principalmente en telecomunicaciones (por ejemplo vía satélite o ADSL), tecnologías multimedia, acceso a memoria y formatos de archivo. El término "multiplexado" se utiliza a veces para referirse al entrelazado de una señal digital.

El entrelazado se emplea también para organizar estructuras de datos multidimensionales.

Entrelazado en transmisión de datos

El entrelazado es utilizado en transmisión digital de datos como técnica para proteger la información frente a los errores de ráfaga (burst errors). Este tipo de errores ocasionales afectan a varios bits seguidos, e invalidan las propiedades correctoras de error de los códigos redundantes que se emplean en la transmisión de datos. Al emplear técnicas de entrelazado, los errores de ráfaga se ven distribuidos entre varias palabras, facilitando la labor correctora del código empleado.

En el siguiente ejemplo, empleamos un código de corrección de errores muy simple, consistente en repetir cuatro veces cada bit a transmitir. Este esquema de codificación permite corregir errores de un bit. Si el mensaje a enviar es "abcdefg", representando cada letra un bit, el mensaje codificado será "aaaabbbbccccddddeeeeffffgggg".

Si empleamos transmisión sin entrelazado:

 Mensaje sin error:                                 aaaabbbbccccddddeeeeffffgggg
 Mensaje con error de ráfaga:                       aaaabbbbcccdeeeeffffgggg

La palabra dddd ha sido desfigurada en tres de sus bits, de modo que o bien no podrá ser decodificada, o lo será de forma incorrecta.

Empleando técnica con entrelazado:

 Mensaje sin error:                                  aaaabbbbccccddddeeeeffffgggg
 Entrelazado:                                        abcdefgabcdefgabcdefgabcdefg
 Transmisión con error de ráfaga:                    abcdefgabcdbcdefgabcdefg
 Desentrelazado:                                     aa_abbbbccccdddde_eef_ffg_gg

De cada palabra aaaa, eeee, ffff, gggg, sólo se altera un bit, de modo que nuestro código es capaz de decodificar todo correctamente.

La principal desventaja del entrelazado es que introduce latencia al sistema, ya que tenemos que esperar a la recepción de todos los bits del mensaje para poder desentrelazar y emplear las técnicas de corrección de errores

Entrelazado en acceso a memorias

Telecomunicaciones
Memorias informáticas
Almacenamiento informático

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Love & Basketball (conocida en Hispanoamérica como Amor y baloncesto) es una película estadounidense de 2000 escrita y dirigida por Gina Prince-Bythewood, y protagonizada por Omar Epps y Sanaa Lathan.

Sinopsis
Es la historia de dos vecinos en Los Ángeles, California, que crecen amando el baloncesto y posteriormente, también comienzan a enamorarse uno del otro.

Elenco

Referencias

Películas sobre baloncesto


I have what I think is a very elementary question about the results of a repeated measures ANOVA.
Say that there are two factors of interest (independent variables, 3 treatments and 3 years) and their interaction incorporated into the model.
If there is a significant treatment effect, but no significant interaction, is it still appropriate to do pairwise comparisons of the groups within one year, or am I only limited to interpreting the main effects of treatments?
For example, there was a significant treatment effect, but no interaction. However, I wanted to know if there was a difference between the treatments for each particular year before I ran the ANOVA. Is it still appropriate to interpret the differences between treatments for a particular year even though there was no interaction of treatment and year?
I hope that question was not too confusing. If so, I'll try again.


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text:
Il Belmond Hotel Cipriani è un hotel di lusso sull'isola della Giudecca a Venezia. È raggiungibile da Piazza San Marco, con la lancia dell'hotel, in cinque minuti.

Storia
L'hotel è stato aperto nel 1958 da Giuseppe Cipriani, fondatore dell'Harry's Bar di Venezia e inventore del cocktail Bellini. Oltre a Giuseppe Cipriani i soci erano le tre figlie di Rupert Guinness, conte di Iveagh, il quale aveva finanziato l'attività. Le tre figlie, la viscontessa Boyd di Merton, Lady Honor Svedar e Lady Brigid Guinness, avevano una suite progettata e riservata a loro e alle loro famiglie.

Le camere furono decorate con mobili veneziani, tra cui lampadari in vetro di Murano, tessuti Fortuny e opere d'arte veneziane.

L'hotel ebbe un immediato successo. Nel 1962 il Conte Guinness chiese a Giuseppe Cipriani di ricostruire e gestire l'Hotel Belvedere nella sua proprietà ad Asolo; questo fu ristrutturato e riaperto con il nome di Hotel Villa Cipriani.

Nel 1968 l'Hotel della Giudecca si ampliò e furono acquistati alcuni terreni adiacenti dove fu realizzata una piscina olimpica, l'unica nel centro di Venezia.

Nel 1976, l'Hotel Cipriani fu acquistato per   dalla società Sea Containers Ltd che creò il settore dedicato al Leisure denominato Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

L'albergo si allargò ulteriormente nell'adiacente Palazzo Vendramin, un palazzo del XV secolo affacciato sulla laguna  e su piazza San Marco.

Un ristorante chiamato Cip's Club fu realizzato su un pontile nella laguna e nel 1990 gli antichi granai della Repubblica (adiacenti all'Hotel) furono aperti come spazio per eventi.

Nel 2014, l'Hotel Cipriani cambia il nome in Belmond Hotel Cipriani in seguito al rebranding della catena Orient-Express Hotels come Belmond Ltd.

Nell'aprile 2014 l'hotel ha aperto il ristorante Oro, progettato da Adam Tihany, che a dicembre 2015 è stato premiato con una stella Michelin.

Sempre nel 2014 l'Hotel è teatro del matrimonio di George Clooney con Amal Alamuddin.

Note

Voci correlate
 Harry's Bar
 Giudecca
 Belmond (azienda)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Alberghi di Venezia
Giudecca


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text:
import django_filters
from django_filters.widgets import LookupTypeWidget
from .abstract_models import NormalSubmission as Submission
from problem.models import Problem
from guardian.shortcuts import get_objects_for_user
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

from bojv4.conf import LANGUAGE, STATUS_CODE

class SubmissionFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):

    pk = django_filters.CharFilter(name='id', label='id')
    language = django_filters.ChoiceFilter(choices=LANGUAGE.choice(), label=u"运行语言")
    problem = django_filters.ModelChoiceFilter(queryset=Problem.objects.all(), label=u"题目")
    status = django_filters.ChoiceFilter(choices=STATUS_CODE.choice(), label=u"运行结果")
    user__username = django_filters.CharFilter(name='user__username', label=u'用户')

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.problems = kwargs.pop('problems')
        super(SubmissionFilter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.filters.get('problem').queryset=self.problems

    class Meta:
        model = Submission
        fields = ['pk', 'problem', 'status', 'language', 'user__username']
        order_by = 'desc'


text:
Deputies arrest two in Ga. 400 drug bust
Ann T. Poole
staff_report
Updated: March 22, 2017, 1 a.m.
Ann T. Poole, 79, of Marietta, died Jan. 4, 2017.
Mrs. Poole graduated from Dawson County High School and then moved to Marietta, where she worked and retired from Lockheed.
She was a member of the Red Hat Society in Marietta through the American Legion Post.
Her husband, Hap Poole, preceded her in death.
Survivors include her son, Alan Poole and his wife, Becky, of Marietta; brother, Emmett Talley and his wife, Freda, of Dawsonville; two grandchildren, Chris Poole and Macie Poole; various other relatives also survive.
A private family graveside was held at Sawnee View Memorial Gardens in Cumming. In lieu of flowers, contributions were requested made to Cobb Street Ministries, 1750 Powder Springs Rd., Ste. 190 PMB 378, Marietta, GA 30064.
Mayes Ward-Dobbins Funeral Home, Historic Marietta Chapel, was in charge of the arrangements.


I read an interesting article that gave a few ideas and real world samples of e-tailers using various marketing tactics for Valentines Day. I liked the article because it went back to a few "basics" but more importantly pointed toward the use of social media channels to drive interest.
Let me say now that if you don't have a social media marketing plan in place for your store, you really must consider one. The viral / word-of-mouth power of social media alone is something you can't overlook.
Proper social media marketing can take time and it does take dedication, but the results can be very beneficial when followed through. If you want to learn more about the social media marketing packages I offer for ecommerce businesses feel free to contact me.
I see it as yet one more opportunity to use the media and social awareness of an event to increase sales through offering limited time only specials, products, etc… So if you haven't thought about marketing strategy for it yet (I'm sure you've planned a 6 – 12 month promotional calendar as I have many times preached in the past right?) it's time to start.
The article I read listed these as a few of the ways you can take advantage of Valentines Day — no matter what type of retailer you are.
Create a special Valentine's Day product or service. The article suggests creating (if you have the ability) a special product or service directly related to the occasion and then promote that product / service on your site as well as on complementary sites, via e-mail, and social media sites. I like the social media route for this type of holiday as it fits very well into that viral methodology. If you can't make a special product, then consider making a package consisting of a few of your existing products bulked together into a one time discounted price.
Create a "catchy" video (not an outright ad) and upload it to YouTube. Video is a very popular method of message delivery on the internet now and really gives you the opportunity to "say more with less". In effect, you can create your own commercials (however, for best results try to avoid a straight out advertisement — you won't get very far with that) which showcase your company and its products. This is super effective if done correctly and can lead to a huge stream of traffic in a very short time (make sure your server can handle it) if implemented correctly. If you are looking for help developing a YouTube marketing campaign, I am available for hire.
Use Facebook to get the message out. Another social media option (and there are quite a few) would be to use Facebook in order to develier your message. I'm not talking about advertising on Facebook. I'm talking about creating your own Facebook profile, building a decent friend list or developing a Facebook application (or even a group) that fits your product following. Once you have their attention, you can get virtually any message you want to them — and they will be listening.
Use email, cross channel marketing, and special promotions. This strategy brings us back to some of the basics of generating sales. Strong email promotions to your current customer list, reaching out to your target market using a variety of traditional channels, and developing special promotions are always sure to help the sales pipeline.
Use coupon codes that relish in the moment. Even if you decide not to offer a special promotion (why you wouldn't is beyond my understanding) you could use a current promotion and simply change the coupon code to something relating to the holiday. For example, let's say you have a coupon code that is available every day and it gives customers a 15% discount on all orders. Keeping that promotion and changing the promo code to something like "CUPID" for Valentine's Day might set the mood and help interest more customers to buy.
Even if your product / service does not fit the Valentine's Day theme, you really should consider doing something to take advantage of the event — even if it is simply offering a survey for driving traffic that asks a question such as "Tell us what you consider to be the most romantic place in the world." The idea here is to simply get people interacting with your site.
No matter which route you choose, you should consider some type of marketing approach to take advantage of special calendar events now and into the future. In addition you should consider developing a social media marketing plan that utilizes those valuable channels available to you via the internet.
Should you hire a social media consultant for your e-commerce site?
Valentine's Day will once again prove to be a busy season not just for shops but for article marketers too. This will be the season where flowers and chocolate related contents are made.


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RNSS/SBAS
Global Navigation Satellite Systems Engineering, Policy, and Design
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Ingo Baumann
Dee Ann Divis
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Mark Petovello
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Lamplights Glisten in the Cold As We Reflect Back—and Forward
The Industry, the Community, the Art, the Technology: A High-Level Perspective on GNSS and PNT
Abstracts Being Accepted for the IEEE/ION PLANS
Military GPS Receiver Advances Could Help Trim Satellite Costs
By Dee Ann Divis
Advanced military receivers using the sort of modern multi-channel, multi-constellation capabilities already available commercially, could enable the Air Force to focus its anti-jam efforts on the ground, simplifying future GPS satellites and lowering their cost. Moreover, experts told Inside GNSS, the cutting-edge receivers could be deployed years before the anti-jam capability planned for the new GPS III satellites would be fully available.
"Space is going to be a contested place," explained one source, who, like several others experts, spoke on condition of anonymity to be able to discuss the issue. "If I have receivers that can receive [any GNSS signal], what does it matter that you take out my GPS? It doesn't matter if it's one (GPS satellite) . . . 10 . . . all of them. So, it's degraded for a period. Does that mean I can no longer operate? The answer is 'No.' I can still operate."
Lt. Col. Andrew Zinn, chief, GPS Plans and Requirements, for the GPS Directorate, says adding signals from other constellations to the military's mix of positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) data was being considered under Gen. Hyten's Space Enterprise Vision, a plan to improve the overall resiliency of the Defense Department's space assets.
"Although it was not yet clear how the overall GPS program might be incorporated into the Enterprise Vision," Zinn told the May meeting of the PNT Advisory Board, "one of the things that we are going to continue to improve our resiliency to jamming and spoofing."
Frequency diversity is critical for the future, the expert said, adding that there has been a push "for a long time to have multichannel user equipment to include M-code. The capability exists today."
"The Air Force is considering bringing Galileo into military-issue receivers," confirmed Todd Humphreys, a GPS spoofing expert and associate professor at the University of Texas at Austin. "They don't consider it for today, but they are looking several years out and saying 'Yes, we should be doing that.'"
However, the technology advances go well beyond just tapping other GNSS signals and include antennas with greater anti-jam protection and internal receiver processors that can compare signals and drop suspicious ones from calculations. The capabilities, of which some already have been demonstrated, would boost resistance to jamming and spoofing as well as overall resiliency and could be fielded in the near-term, several sources agreed.
Sooner, Not Later
"Let's run the math in terms of chronology," said another expert familiar with the tradeoffs. "The first of those satellites, where we are now, there will be none of those satellites launched before 2020 or 2022— even if they just go ahead and say, 'We're going to do it.' And if the first one is launched in 2022 — at the rate of two, or at the most three, say two and a half [satellites launched] a year — how long does it take to get to, let's just say, 20 [satellites]? That takes another 8 to 10 years. And then you have to field the user equipment, because there'll probably be some differences. In my opinion, there's no way you could get such a system fielded before about 2032."
The long lead time to fill out the constellation means the system will be out-of-date by the time it's completed around 2035, said the first expert. By the time the satellites are in place, he said, "the stuff that's on the ground is going to so far exceed that [capability] it doesn't matter."
You could take the money now planned for satellite-based anti-jam capabilities and invest it instead in fur-ther improving user equipment, suggested the second expert.
"If you really want jam resistance, we know how to do it," the source said. "You can start fielding it in probably three or four years and . . . it will work for all the signals you already have."
More Spoof-Proof
Approving the capability of U.S. military receivers to use other constellation's signals would also step up those devices' ability to defeat spoofing.
"There's always an anti-spoofing benefit to bringing in all the signals in the sky," said Humphreys. "With the latest Broadcom chips we can bring in GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and BDS (BeiDou). That makes a spoofer's job four times harder than if it was just GPS. . . . And crosschecking between all those constel-lations helps quite a bit."
Relying only on the encrypted M-code to thwart spoofers is ill advised, he said.
"I have a really dim view of M-code," Humphreys told Inside GNSS. "I think M-code is doubling down on an antiquated idea and brings with it a lot of the same challenges as the legacy PY code."
In fact, M-code is vulnerable to a replay attack, he said, one of the simplest of all of spoofing attacks.
"It doesn't matter that it's encrypted, it's still vulnerable," said Humphreys.
A replay attack, he explained, involves recording the encrypted signal and then sending it, delayed, to a military receiver, thereby distorting the timing, or sending it from a different location, throwing off the target receiver's positioning solution.
"I just find it marvelous that the military has chosen the most expensive defense, in terms of all the defenses you could put together for anti-spoofing, " Humphreys said, "and it's the one that's vulnerable to the least expensive attack."
A paper by Humphreys and Mark Psiaki, a Cornell University professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, entitled "GNSS Spoofing and Detection," will be published in a forthcoming issue of Proceedings of the IEEE. The paper describes a variety of spoofing attack methods and defenses against them and includes an attack/defense matrix (see table on page 25) that documents which defense techniques are effective against the various attack techniques.
"There are many effective defenses for civil and military users to choose from," Humphreys says. "None of the defenses are water-tight, but by layering two or three defenses, you can have formidable resistance against spoofing. . . . So, they are, quite rightly in my view, exploring new waveforms and new techniques that will improve the security of civil and military GNSS alike."
But it is the anti-jamming capability of the new receivers that may have the most programmatic advantages.
"There's a whole group of people who say it's cheaper to put [anti-jam] on the satellite than it is to put it in user equipment. That's not a true statement anymore," said the first expert, who acknowledged that receivers had improved far faster than expected. "When I've got a $1.98 chip that can do all this stuff, why in the world would I want to spend millions of dollars to put it on orbit?"
If you can achieve anti-jam capability in the receivers, you can forego putting spot beams on the satellites, the experts agreed. Spot beams are directional antennas that boost the power of the signal on the ground. They have been planned for GPS III for some time as a way to surge signal power on a regional basis and help break through jamming. Zinn said that the GPS Directorate is now considering a new requirement for a successor to the spot beam approach called Regional Military Protection.
But the capability to boost the power of the signal from orbit comes at a cost
"For every watt that you put on the Earth you have to generate three watts in space," explained a third source familiar with the program. Batteries and solar panels will be required and the additional heat that will be generated must be dealt with.
Ditching the spot beams could "easily" save $10 million per satellite, the expert said.
If dropping the spot beams also means the satellites can be made smaller, potentially even more could be shaved off launch costs, perhaps with dual launches. That's when you get into real money. The cost of a launch on SpaceX is less than $100 million, according to a recent report in Space News. The cost of a launch on a rocket from the Boeing-Lockheed joint venture, United Launch Alliance, which has lofted the most recent GPS satellites, is more than $350 million.
The Air Force recently awarded Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Phase 1 production readiness feasibility assessment contracts for GPS III satellite 11 and beyond. One of the GPS specialists who spoke to Inside GNSS said the receiver advances had triggered a re-examination of what those contractors may ultimately be asked to do.
"It (the spot beam antenna) will be dropped," said the first expert. "It's just a matter of time.
Congressional 'Help'
To tap the full potential of the new receivers, said one of the sources, it is essential that Congress not deny the U.S. military the ability to use other nation's signals or to require that it only use signals incorporating the M-code.
Although the view of the Senate Armed Services Committee about foreign PNT signals is unclear, as it has yet to publish the details of its version of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (NDAA), the House Armed Services Committee (HASC) has already weighed in. In fact, House lawmakers have proposed a trio of directives for Department of Defense (DoD) officials in the report it published to accompany its version of the NDAA, which, at press time, was going before the full House for a vote.
Among those instructions is a mandate for the secretary of defense to ensure that the Armed Forces and each element of the Department of Defense not use signals from a "non-allied positioning, navigation, and timing system or a service provided by such a system." This would certainly block utilization of signals from Russia's GLONASS satellites or the emerging Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BeiDou) constellation.
Even so, the Pentagon would have more that just GPS and Europe's still incomplete Galileo network with which to work. For example, it could still tap the capabilities of Japan's QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System), which covers much of Asia.
The "non-allied" restriction is itself limited and sunsets on September 30, 2018. The defense secretary may also waive the prohibition before then if he or she determines it is in the national security interest of the United States and notifies Congress of this assessment.
Lawmakers also asked for more information on the use of non-allied systems, directing the secretary of defense, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the director of national intelligence to report on any risks to national security or to the operations and plans of the Department of Defense from using foreign PNT.
HASC also wants a separate report on the benefits of incorporating Galileo's PNT signals, particularly the encrypted Public Regulated Service (PRS), benefits that are being held in limbo. This effort is complicated by the fact that the Europeans have not issued a formal specifications document for PRS, according to sources familiar with proposal.
"The committee is aware, the House wrote, "that the National Space Policy of the United States of America directed the United States to 'engage with foreign GNSS [global navigation satellite system] providers to encourage compatibility and interoperability, promote transparency in civil service provision, and enable market access for U.S. industry.'''
Waiting for FCC Approval
Official use of a non-U.S. satellite navigation system in the United States, however, requires authorization from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which the European Commission (EC) requested in October 2013. Most of the steps for approval have been completed, but the process bogged down over a year ago. The EC is waiting for the FCC to post the application for public comment.
HASC wants a report from the secretary of defense, in coordination with the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, outlining the national security benefits that the DoD would expect from approval of the EU request and, interestingly, "any other matters they deem relevant."
Finally the House Armed Services Committee also expressed its concern about the potential for the U.S. Department of Defense to be come dependent on non-allied PNT systems and, much more broadly, on systems that use those PNT systems.
To prevent such dependence, the HASC included in its NDAA report a provision prohibiting the use of such systems beginning in fiscal year 2017 — that is, starting on October 1 of this calendar year. Lawmakers also want the secretary of Defense, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and director of national intelligence to submit an assessment of the risks of using such systems.
The HASC also directed DoD's chief information officer to brief both the House and Senate Armed Services Committees on the extent to which the U.S. military uses "either the Russian Federation's Glonass or the People's Republic of China's Beidou Global Navigation Satellite System or telecommunications systems that rely on them, and potential impacts of prohibiting use of such systems."
Putting limits on the number and source of signals is a huge mistake, said one of the experts, who argued that having more signals is better, especially since spurious signals could be identified and ignored by the new receivers.
"Don't allow Congress to close the door on all of this other capability that is available to everybody but you," the source said. "Why is it you want your potential enemies in the future to have greater capability than you do?"
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Hubble Space Telescope Could Last Until 2018, NASA Says
The Hubble Space Telescope got one last overhaul in May 2009 by NASA astronauts on the space shuttle Atlantis and has been sending home stunning new photos ever since. Seen here, the iconic space telescope orbits high above the Earth, after it was released at the close of the STS-125 servicing mission to once more gaze deep into the universe. (Image credit: NASA)
LONG BEACH, Calif. — NASA's 23-year-old Hubble Space Telescope is still going strong, and agency officials said Tuesday (Jan. 8) they plan to operate it until its instruments finally give out, potentially for another six years at least.
After its final overhaul in 2009, the Hubble telescope was expected to last until at least 2015. Now, NASA officials say they are committed to keeping the iconic space observatory going as long as possible.
"Hubble will continue to operate as long as its systems are running well," Paul Hertz, director of the Astrophysics Division in NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said here at the 221st meeting of the American Astronomical Society. Hubble, like other long-running NASA missions such as the Spitzer Space Telescope, will be reviewed every two years to ensure that the mission is continuing to provide science worth the cost of operating it, Hertz added.
In fact, Hubble supporters hope it will continue to run even after its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is launched — an event planned for 2018.
"We are not planning to arbitrarily end the operation of Hubble when JWST is launched," Hertz said during a NASA Town Hall Meeting at the AAS conference. "It may be great if we get at least one year of overlap between JWST and Hubble." [Building the James Webb Space Telescope (Photos)]
What appears to be a number of astronauts, because of the shiny mirror-like surface of the temporarily-captured Hubble Space Telescope, is actually only two - astronauts John Grunsfeld (left) and Andew Feustel during a May 14, 2009 spacewalk, the first of five during their STS-125 mission. (Image credit: NASA.)
The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in April 1990, and has since been upgraded five times by astronauts in orbit. Its last space shuttle servicing mission in May 2009 left the scope with two new instruments, including a wide-field camera and a high-precision spectrograph to spread out light into its constituent wavelengths. The space telescope is named after the late astronomer Edwin Hubble (1889-1953), who proved that the universe is expanding.
"It's working better than ever, 23 years in," Dan Coe, an astronomer working with Hubble at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., told SPACE.com. "We're still pushing the frontier."
Coe agreed that overlap time with both Hubble and James Webb operating simultaneously would be ideal. Such a plan would allow the observatories to work on complementary projects and provide crosschecks between the two telescopes' measurements.
How long Hubble can run also depends on NASA's budget, which, like funding for all federal agencies, is uncertain given the economic challenges in the United States.
"It all comes down to money," Coe said.
Funding the development of the James Webb Space Telescope is currently taking up almost half of NASA's total budget of $1.3 billion for astrophysics in 2013, Hertz said. The observatory has an estimated price tag of $8.7 billion, and will cost about $628 million in 2013 alone. In contrast, Hubble will cost about $98 million in 2013.
You can follow SPACE.com assistant managing editor Clara Moskowitz on Twitter @ClaraMoskowitz. Follow SPACE.com on Twitter @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebook & Google+.
Escape the Empire in new 'Star Wars Jedi: Survivor' prequel novel


Johnny Winter has been my childhood, guitar-playing idol since as early as I can remember and I am excited to be building Johnny's signature guitars.
Though I have met many top artists over the years, for some reason, Johnny's and my path never crossed with the exception of a brief chat at a guitar show at Madison Square Garden sometime back in the 80's. I guess I was just content with meeting Johnny and left business out of the conversation. This was not unusual for me, many of the artists I have built guitars for over the years, started out as a friendship.
However, deep down I knew having my long-time idol, Johnny Winter, play my guitars would really make my guitar-building career complete. Furthermore, Johnny never had a true signature model and an artist this incredible deserved a really cool signature guitar.
I met Johnny for a second time…it was a chance meeting in a parking lot after a show in 2011. We exchanged numbers and I said I would like to build you a guitar. I had been designing ultra-thin guitars and knew the style was perfect for Johnny. I put everything I knew Johnny would like into this guitar and then engraved the hell out of it including Johnny's name prominently embossed in the top. Johnny loved the guitar, actually told me it was the prettiest guitar he had ever seen. Of course as with any artist, he had his own preferences and we continued to refine his stage guitar. We later spoke about the signature line and entered into a formal agreement shortly before his passing.
Johnny was a great guitar playing inspiration and became a great friend. He even gave me some impromptu guitar lessons. We see artists on stage and they seem so uniquely different…but its when they get off stage that you realize how truly different they are. Johnny was as odd, quirky, witty, confident and brilliant as anybody I have ever met. It's an honor to have known him and an honor to be building his signature guitar.
With this, I present to you the "Johnny Winter Signature" Dean Zelinsky Guitar.
The First 25 Signature Guitars will be signed and numbered by Dean Zelinsky, and come with a Certificate of Authenticity, signed by Winter's wife, Susan Winter for the Johnny Winter Estate, and Dean Zelinsky. This guitar comes complete with Tweed Tolex Hard Case.
The Johnny Winter Signature Model features an ultra-thin Mahogany/Maple body sporting a highly engraved top. Weighing in at 7lbs, the Johnny Winter Signature model is a very comfortable and effortless guitar to play all night long.
The single-cut body offers easy access up until the last fret, and the highly contoured top and back gives a true custom shop feel (not to mention the intricite engraved top). Johnny's unique combination of 24 frets and a 25-1/2" scale helped give that signature tone.
The Dean Zelinsky Custom Humbuckers are hotter and brighter than most pickups to acheive those true Johnny Winter Signature tones. Designed to offer clean warm tones and be very articulate in the lower register. Controls are a master volume and master tone with a coil tap for both pickups.
Johnny Winter Signature Necks are made of Canadian Maple with Dean Zelinsky's signature slight 'V' profile; eliminating wood where your hand comes in most contact with the neck. The neck is contoured into the heel for easy playing all the way up the fretboard. Necks are designed with Dean Zelinsky's nearly four decades of experience, creating guitars that are effortless to play.
Brushed Satin Nickel Locking Tuners with a 20:1 ratio are a standard feature. Headstocks feature a rosewood veneer with Dean Zelinsky's signature logo in a bright nickel finish and Johnny Winter silkscreen logo.


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Burt Reynolds Appears Frail at Spike Awards
Entertainment 7:41 AM PDT, June 10, 2013 - Inside Edition
7:41 AM PDT, June 10, 2013 - Inside Edition
There's concern for Burt Reynolds after his frail appearance at an awards show.
The 77-year-old actor's face looked gaunt and his eyes sunken.
Reynolds' Boogie Nights costar, Mark Wahlberg, presented him with the "Alpha Male" prize at Spike TV's Guys' Choice Awards in honor of Reynolds' years as a Hollywood leading man.
Wahlberg said, "For 50 years, Burt Reynolds has set the bar for what it means to be an alpha male."
The audience donned fake mustaches in tribute to Reynolds' famous facial hair. Ever the flirt, he had something to say to the beautiful women in the audience.
"Now, I can kiss you and find out what it really feels like."
"Sex God Burt Reynolds Shocks Show with Gaunt Look," blares one headline.
Earlier this year, the Smokey and the Bandit star was rushed to a Florida hospital after coming down with a severe case of the flu. He also survived a quintuple bypass in 2010.