text:
require 'chef/provider'
require 'chef/dsl/recipe'
require 'chef/dsl/platform_introspection'
require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'lvm')

class Chef
  class Provider
    # The provider for lvm_logical_volume resource
    #
    class LvmLogicalVolume < Chef::Provider
      include Chef::DSL::Recipe
      include Chef::DSL::PlatformIntrospection
      include LVMCookbook

      # Loads the current resource attributes
      #
      # @return [Chef::Resource::LvmLogicalVolume] the lvm_logical_volume resource
      #
      def load_current_resource
        @current_resource ||= Chef::Resource::LvmLogicalVolume.new(@new_resource.name)
        @current_resource
      end

      # The create action
      #
      action :create do
        require_lvm_gems
        install_filesystem_deps

        lvm = LVM::LVM.new(lvm_options)
        name = new_resource.name
        group = new_resource.group
        fs_type = new_resource.filesystem
        fs_params = new_resource.filesystem_params
        device_name = "/dev/mapper/#{to_dm_name(group)}-#{to_dm_name(name)}"
        updates = []

        vg = lvm.volume_groups[group]
        # Create the logical volume
        if vg.nil? || vg.logical_volumes.select { |lv| lv.name == name }.empty?
          command = create_command
          Chef::Log.debug "Executing lvm command: '#{command}'"
          output = lvm.raw(command)
          Chef::Log.debug "Command output: '#{output}'"
          updates << true
        else
          lv = vg.logical_volumes.find { |v| v.name == name }
          if !lv.state.nil? && lv.state.to_sym == :active
            Chef::Log.info "Logical volume '#{name}' already exists and active. Not creating..."
          else
            Chef::Log.info "Logical volume '#{name}' already created and inactive. Activating now..."
            command = "lvchange -a y #{device_name}"
            Chef::Log.debug "Executing lvm command: '#{command}'"
            output = lvm.raw(command)
            Chef::Log.debug "Command output: '#{output}'"
            updates << true
          end
        end

        # If file system is specified, format the logical volume
        if fs_type.nil?
          Chef::Log.info 'File system type is not set. Not formatting...'
        elsif device_formatted?(device_name, fs_type)
          Chef::Log.info "Volume '#{device_name}' is already formatted. Not formatting..."
        else
          shell_out!("yes | mkfs -t #{fs_type} #{fs_params} #{device_name}")
          updates << true
        end

        # If the mount point is specified, mount the logical volume
        if new_resource.mount_point

          mount_spec = if new_resource.mount_point.is_a?(String)
                         { location: new_resource.mount_point }
                       else
                         new_resource.mount_point
                       end

          # Create the mount point
          dir_resource = directory mount_spec[:location] do
            mode '755'
            owner 'root'
            group 'root'
            recursive true
            action :nothing
            not_if { Pathname.new(mount_spec[:location]).mountpoint? }
          end
          dir_resource.run_action(:create)
          # Mark the resource as updated if the directory resource is updated
          updates << dir_resource.updated?

          # Mount the logical volume
          mount_resource = mount mount_spec[:location] do
            options mount_spec[:options]
            dump mount_spec[:dump] if mount_spec[:dump]
            pass mount_spec[:pass] if mount_spec[:pass]
            device device_name
            fstype fs_type
            action :nothing
          end
          mount_resource.run_action(:mount)
          mount_resource.run_action(:enable)
          # Mark the resource as updated if the mount resource is updated
          updates << mount_resource.updated?
        end
        new_resource.updated_by_last_action(updates.any?)
      end

      # Action to resize LV to specified size
      action :resize do
        require_lvm_gems
        lvm = LVM::LVM.new(lvm_options)
        name = new_resource.name
        group = new_resource.group

        vg = lvm.volume_groups[group]
        # if doing a resize make sure that the volume exists before doing anything

        raise("Error volume group #{group} does not exist") if vg.nil?

        lv = vg.logical_volumes.select do |lvs|
          lvs.name == name
        end
        # make sure that the LV specified exists in the VG specified
        raise("Error logical volume #{name} does not exist") if lv.empty?

        lv = lv.first
        pe_size = lvm.volume_groups[group].extent_size.to_i
        pe_free = lvm.volume_groups[group].free_count.to_i
        pe_count = lvm.volume_groups[group].extent_count.to_i
        lv_size_cur = lv.size.to_i / pe_size

        lv_size = new_resource.size
        lv_size = '100%FREE' if new_resource.respond_to?(:take_up_free_space) && new_resource.take_up_free_space

        # figure out how we should calculate extents
        resize_type = case lv_size
                      when /^\d+[kKmMgGtT]$/
                        'byte'
                      when /^(\d{1,2}|100)%(FREE|VG|PVS)$/
                        'percent'
                      when /^(\d+)$/
                        'extent'
                      end

        # calculate extents based off of an explicit size
        # if not suffix is supplied assume extents is what is being specified
        if resize_type == 'byte' || resize_type == 'extent'
          lv_size_req = case lv_size
                        when /^(\d+)(k|K)$/
                          (Regexp.last_match[1].to_i * 1024) / pe_size
                        when /^(\d+)(m|M)$/
                          (Regexp.last_match[1].to_i * 1_048_576) / pe_size
                        when /^(\d+)(g|G)$/
                          (Regexp.last_match[1].to_i * 1_073_741_824) / pe_size
                        when /^(\d+)(t|T)$/
                          (Regexp.last_match[1].to_i * 1_099_511_627_776) / pe_size
                        when /^(\d+)$/
                          Regexp.last_match[1].to_i
                        else
                          raise("Invalid size #{Regexp.last_match[1]} for lvm resize")
                        end
        # calculate the number of extents needed differently if specifying a percentage
        elsif resize_type == 'percent'
          percent, type = lv_size.scan(/(\d{1,2}|100)%(FREE|VG|PVS)/).first

          lv_size_req = case type
                        when 'VG'
                          ((percent.to_f / 100) * pe_count).to_i
                        when 'FREE'
                          raise('Cannot percentage based off free space') unless new_resource.take_up_free_space
                          (((percent.to_f / 100) * pe_free) + lv_size_cur).to_i
                        else
                          raise("Invalid type #{type} for resize. You can only resize using an explicit size, percentage of VG or by setting take_up_free_space to true")
                        end
        else
          raise("Invalid size specification #{lv_size}")
        end

        raise("Error trying to extend logical volume #{lv.name} beyond the capacity of volume group #{group}") if !thin_volume? && (lv_size_req - lv_size_cur) > pe_free

        # don't resize if the current size is greater than or equal to the target size
        if lv_size_cur >= lv_size_req
          Chef::Log.debug "Logical volume #{lv.name} in volume group #{group} already at requested size"
        else
          Chef::Log.debug "Resizing logical volume #{lv.name} from #{lv_size_cur} pe to #{lv_size_req} pe with #{pe_free} pe left in volume group #{group}"

          command = resize_command(lv_size_req)
          Chef::Log.debug "Running command: #{command}"
          output = lvm.raw command
          Chef::Log.debug "Command output: #{output}"

          # broadcast that we did a resize
          new_resource.updated_by_last_action true
        end
      end

      # The remove action
      # must specify the volume group name - as the umount passes a full path
      # if mount_point specified, then unmount first
      # if remove_mount_point specificed, then the directory will be removed
      action :remove do
        require_lvm_gems
        install_filesystem_deps

        lvm = LVM::LVM.new(lvm_options)
        name = new_resource.name
        group = new_resource.group
        # fs_type = new_resource.filesystem
        # fs_params = new_resource.filesystem_params
        mount_point = new_resource.mount_point
        remove_mount_point = new_resource.remove_mount_point
        device_name = "/dev/mapper/#{to_dm_name(group)}-#{to_dm_name(name)}"
        updates = []

        # If the mount point is specified, umount the logical volume
        if mount_point
          mount_spec = if mount_point.is_a?(String)
                         { location: mount_point }
                       else
                         mount_point
                       end

          # Umount the logical volume
          mount_resource = mount mount_spec[:location] do
            options mount_spec[:options]
            dump mount_spec[:dump] if mount_spec[:dump]
            pass mount_spec[:pass] if mount_spec[:pass]
            device device_name
            action :nothing
          end
          mount_resource.run_action(:umount)
          mount_resource.run_action(:disable)
          # Mark the resource as updated if the mount resource is updated
          updates << mount_resource.updated?

          # If specified, remove the mount point
          if remove_mount_point
            dir_resource = directory mount_spec[:location] do
              recursive true
              action :nothing
              not_if { Pathname.new(mount_spec[:location]).mountpoint? }
            end
            dir_resource.run_action(:delete)
            # Mark the resource as updated if the directory resource is updated
            updates << dir_resource.updated?
          end
        end

        vg = lvm.volume_groups[group]
        # Remove the logical volume
        if vg.logical_volumes.select { |lv| lv.name == name }
          command = remove_command
          Chef::Log.debug "Executing lvm command: '#{command}'"
          output = lvm.raw(command)
          Chef::Log.debug "Command output: '#{output}'"
        else
          Chef::Log.info "Logical volume '#{name}' unable to be removed. Not removing..."
        end
        updates << true
        new_resource.updated_by_last_action(updates.any?)
      end

      protected

      def lvm_options
        new_resource.ignore_skipped_cluster ? { additional_arguments: '--ignoreskippedcluster' } : {}
      end

      def install_filesystem_deps
        if platform_family?('suse') && /^ext/.match(new_resource.filesystem)
          Chef::Log.debug('Installing e2fsprogs to create the filesystem')
          package "e2fsprogs package for #{new_resource.name}" do # make unique for Chef 12 cloning warnings
            package_name 'e2fsprogs'
          end
        else
          Chef::Log.debug('Not installing any packages to configure the filesystem')
        end
      end

      def thin_volume?
        false
      end

      def create_command
        size =
          case new_resource.size
          when /\d+[kKmMgGtT]/
            "--size #{new_resource.size}"
          when /(\d{1,2}|100)%(FREE|VG|PVS)/
            "--extents #{new_resource.size}"
          when /(\d+)/
            "--extents #{$1}" # rubocop:disable Style/PerlBackrefs
          end

        stripes = new_resource.stripes ? "--stripes #{new_resource.stripes}" : ''
        stripe_size = new_resource.stripe_size ? "--stripesize #{new_resource.stripe_size}" : ''
        mirrors = new_resource.mirrors ? "--mirrors #{new_resource.mirrors}" : ''
        contiguous = new_resource.contiguous ? '--contiguous y' : ''
        readahead = new_resource.readahead ? "--readahead #{new_resource.readahead}" : ''
        yes_flag = new_resource.wipe_signatures == true ? '--yes' : ''
        lv_params = new_resource.lv_params
        name = new_resource.name
        group = new_resource.group
        physical_volumes = [new_resource.physical_volumes].flatten.join ' ' if new_resource.physical_volumes

        "lvcreate #{size} #{stripes} #{stripe_size} #{mirrors} #{contiguous} #{readahead} #{lv_params} --name #{name} #{group} #{physical_volumes} #{yes_flag}"
      end

      def resize_command(lv_size_req)
        name = new_resource.name
        group = new_resource.group
        device_name = "/dev/mapper/#{to_dm_name(group)}-#{to_dm_name(name)}"
        resize_fs =
          case new_resource.filesystem
          when /raw/i
            ''
          else
            '--resizefs'
          end
        stripes = new_resource.stripes ? "--stripes #{new_resource.stripes}" : ''
        stripe_size = new_resource.stripe_size ? "--stripesize #{new_resource.stripe_size}" : ''
        mirrors = new_resource.mirrors ? "--mirrors #{new_resource.mirrors}" : ''
        lv_params = new_resource.lv_params

        "lvextend -l #{lv_size_req} #{resize_fs} #{stripes} #{stripe_size} #{mirrors} #{device_name} #{lv_params}"
      end

      def remove_command
        lv_params = new_resource.lv_params
        name = new_resource.name
        group = new_resource.group

        # this version will only support handling logical volumes that were created by this cookbook - conforming to the naming convention of this cookbook
        # a future enhancement should allow to optionally delete based on a user-specified device_name
        device_name = "/dev/mapper/#{to_dm_name(group)}-#{to_dm_name(name)}"

        "lvremove #{device_name} #{lv_params} --force"
      end

      private

      # Converts the device name to the dm name format
      #
      # The device mapper will double any hyphens found in a volume group or
      # logical volume name so that it can properly locate the separator between
      # the volume group and the logical volume in the device name.
      #
      # @param name [String] the name to map
      #
      # @return [String] the mapped dm name
      #
      def to_dm_name(name)
        name.gsub(/-/, '--')
      end

      # Checks if the device is formatted with the given file system type
      #
      # @param device_name [String] the device name
      # @param fs_type [String] the file system type
      #
      # @return [Boolean] whether the device is formatted with the given file
      #   system type or not
      #
      def device_formatted?(device_name, fs_type)
        Chef::Log.debug "Checking to see if #{device_name} is formatted..."
        # Do not raise when there is an error in running the blkid command. If the exitstatus is not 0,
        # the device is perhaps not formatted.
        blkid = shell_out("blkid -o value -s TYPE #{device_name}")
        blkid.exitstatus == 0 && blkid.stdout.strip == fs_type.strip
      end
    end
  end
end


If we've learned anything over these past six, going on seven years of covering the internal social collaboration sector, it's that the social web has become a catalyst for intellectual curiosity.
If we've learned anything over these past six, going on seven years of covering the internal social collaboration sector, it's that the social web has become a catalyst for intellectual curiosity. Tribes are forming everywhere with the growing popularity of niche sub-groups from LinkedIn to Google Communities. As quickly as you can say "add me," this socially savvy collective is connecting, learning, and sharing with effortless, timeless ease. In other words, the long tail of interesting projects and topics is attracting talent to shared interest groups with like-minded professionals every moment around the social globe.
The future of the enterprise is already here albeit unevenly distributed in blossoms of network connections. What are not unevenly distributed, are the individuals that "get" social collaboration and new modes of working. Small networks of professionals have always been present in the business world, but what's different in the social era is the degree to which strong bonds and real relationships are forged on a foundation of meritocracy and reciprocal trust. Not only do we know who you are, we observe your behavior in the network, and make judgments about your contributions and motives. And absent an economic incentive to work together, individuals are sharing for the sheer pleasure of learning and teaching.
With a healthy, organic socio-collaborative corporate philosophy and pleasing UX platforms to foster it, talent will not stray outside the corporate walls for intellectual stimulation. The corporate town hall will be buzzing with ideas and positive energy. But, if your internal network is deathly quiet, or worse – non-existent, you can count the hours before your best performing future-worker talent connects itself to that outside world permanently, leaving you wondering why you didn't see the big shift soon enough to make the change that could save your company.
The key to keeping your talent in-house and focused on organizational goals is to ensure the company's mission is in sync with individual passions and interests. Command and control has been rendered obsolete in a galaxy of independent thinkers. It can putter on in the short term, but will never survive the long term.
I was poring over the lengthy back and forth between Nick Carr and Clay Shirky over the future of the book publishing industry a few weeks ago. At the same time, I stumbled upon this timeless piece by Boston Consulting Group founder Bruce Henderson about the difficulty of effecting change in a large organization. PUB DATE: 1968 Henderson points out there are predominantly three dependent reasons why companies fail to change and ultimately fail altogether: executive management doesn't recognize or believe there is a fundamental shift underway important enough to affect the business, leadership doesn't champion the change, and by the time they figure it out, it's too late. In the final analysis, what hit me like a ton of Blockbuster brick and mortars is how foolish it will be for large enterprises to reject the premise (and practice) of social collaboration. In the same way that media content is being re-purposed, repackaged, and re-distributed, so it will be for the knowledge assets of knowledge workers. The degree to which executive management can recognize these important trends and retain its intellectual capital will be key to managing the shift.
Bonus: A recent study by the CEB links healthy collaboration to breakthrough performance.
Author Susan ScrupskiPosted on February 2, 2013 February 2, 2013 Categories adoption, Social Business4 Comments on That Sound You're Not Hearing in Your Business Could Be Fatal.
Over the summer, we conducted a short survey among the Social Business Council members to gauge where large enterprises are regarding their progress introducing social to the enterprise. The request was made by a Council member who was looking for some hard benchmarking data he could share with his team.
The results were eye-opening. So many of us who track the market are always saying how early we are, how we are just at the beginning of this transformation, how it could take a decade or so to really start seeing the fruits of our efforts, etc. But, we really didn't have a lot of hard evidence.* Now we do.
The first eye-opener was where early adopters report they are.
Nearly two-thirds of the companies surveyed (57%) reported that that only 10-20% of their eligible workforce is active on the platform. The flip side of this statistic is, of course, that there is a lot of room to grow, and it opens up large opportunities for consultants, vendors, and social business advocates to help companies succeed here.
The second big reveal for me was the number of companies who indicated there is no real integration between their external social initiatives (social media/customer outreach) and their internal social efforts (a.k.a. Enterprise 2.0). It was nearly unanimous: 96% reported there was nothing today that integrated their social business initiatives, although nearly half reported this was on the planning board.
In short, the survey asked 10 simple questions, yet essentially debunked some of the hype that circulates on the social web regarding the state of the market. In essence, the social business phenomenon is real, but all stakeholders vested in the market would be well-advised to exercise some patience in expecting game-changing results.
Dion Hinchcliffe wrote a longer piece on ZDnet with some of his takeaways, and you can download the report here.
*These survey results reflect the progress of a unique cohort: very large enterprises with more than one billion USD in annual revenue that are actively engaged in a social business initiative. Smaller organizations may report different results.


text:
After Cooper: Rebuilding Afghanistan
Koukaba Mojadidi (in scarf) at the Police Staff College job site in Kabul, Afghanistan. (All images courtesy Koukaba Mojadidi)
One year ago Koukaba Mojadidi (AR'01), a fully licensed architect running her own private practice in New York City, decided to pursue her career elsewhere. But she did not go to San Francisco or Chicago or Paris, France. She went to Kabul, Afghanistan in what felt to her like the next logical step in her career. We had an opportunity to speak with her, via Skype, from the international aid compound where she lives and works to find out more about her remarkable decision, what she does there and how The Cooper Union prepared her to work under some of the most challenging circumstances an architect could face.
Born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida, Koukaba Mojadidi (pronounced KOW-kah-bah mo-jah-DID-ee), grew up in what she describes as a very conservative, religious Afghani household with her parents and three other sisters. Crossing her home threshold was like "entering another world," she says, where she could only speak Farsi and had to live by the strict rules set by her parents. They had settled permanently in the U.S. during the mid-1970s when the rising communist influence in Afghanistan began interfering with their medical careers. Even though the culture at home may have been traditional Afghani, this did not mean limitations on education for Ms. Mojadidi, who went to an arts high school and transferred from the University of Florida to The Cooper Union's Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture. "Letting me come to New York to study was very profound for them," Ms. Mojadidi says.
After graduating, Ms. Mojadidi began working at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum as part of a crew that managed installation construction in the famous Frank Lloyd Wright atrium. The attacks on September 11 occurred not long after her start there, beginning a chain of events that would eventually change the direction of her life. "For better and for worse September 11 put Afghanistan on the map for people in the U.S.," she says. "It was very strange at the time, living in the Bronx and having to explain to total strangers about Afghanistan while doing my laundry, for example. That ignorance was somewhat unnerving. Here I was living a normal, anonymous urban life and then all of a sudden I had to be a spokesperson." (She later submitted a design to the memorial competition.)
Ms. Mojadidi continued along the path of a professional architect in New York, working for various building and construction firms and eventually starting her own private practice in 2010. But something was missing. "Working as an architect you are so committed, working nights and weekends and for me it wasn't satisfying," she says, "Even though building in New York means you learn the most advanced technology and can procure any thing you need the people involved were always interested primarily in how much money they were going to make. I wanted to transfer my skills to building spaces that fulfilled a need. I got my license in 2011 and felt that once I had that I no longer necessarily needed to be in the U.S. and working abroad would be a good change."
She decided to explore the opportunities in Afghanistan where her father had been returning frequently to work in OBGYN clinics. (A film about him and his work aired on PBS in 2007.) After going on some "fishy" interviews in a country famous for its corruption she found a job as International Architect for the Emergency Development Infrastructure Department (EDID) of the International Organization of Migration (IOM). "The IOM works to bring displaced people back to their home countries, to reintegrate them," Ms. Mojadidi says. "Within that, the EDID is a design and building program for community stabilization. Because once you bring people back there has to be some infrastructure that encourages people to stay and develop a community." Aid groups and some international governmental agencies fund the projects.
Kabul, Afghanistan from above
The projects she works on include hospitals, midwife training centers and teacher-training centers, located around the country. At present Ms. Mojadidi is Project Manager on a multi-building campus in Kabul for the Police Staff College. "The most interesting part is building buildings that people truly need," Ms. Mojadidi says. Many of the projects focus on the needs of women. In the Faryab province local women wrote a series of letters to the Norwegian embassy asking for an assembly hall. The embassy funded the project and Ms. Mojadidi and the EDID were contracted to work on it. "We went to the province and met with the women of the surrounding areas. They came from miles around through very rough areas. We worked with them to discover what their needs were and develop a scope of work. It is an assembly hall for over 200 people that will provide the first space for women to gather to express themselves."
Security is always a concern. "Some parts of the country are better and some are worse," Ms. Mojadidi says. "Bamyan province, for example, is very peaceful. You can walk down the street and feel like things are relatively normal. But you cannot drive to Bamyan. The threat is always on the road. They are looking for international workers, including aid workers. Even our national staff that travels between projects will leave all their ID at home. If they are found with any trace of information that they are working for an international organization, they are just killed there on the spot."
But security is not the only challenge. "No matter how much you know about your profession, throw away fifty percent of it in this context," Ms. Mojadidi says. "For example here the construction industry has only been around for three years. It is a very new industry. This environment is chaotic and all about problem solving. You are trying to create an industry standard that includes all the requirements of quality and assurance in your building while also creating a capacity with your national staff and your contractors."
Her education at The Cooper Union prepared for this new life in ways she may not have appreciated at the time. "The Cooper program was a grueling, exhausting, kick-your-ass program that taught me everything I know. You really experience the depth of how far you can push yourself intellectually and physically. The demands of the curriculum year after year force you to constantly push to formulate your own ideas and represent your ideas in front of varying kinds of people, including very strong personalities. That kind of thing starts to make something out of you."
Koukaba Mojadidi has turned those skills toward making a war-ravaged country into a functioning, modern society. Her efforts have even gotten her attention from NBC news. "It's not always about how much you have but how you use what do have and who it benefits," she says. "It's what you can provide using the limited resources that you have. This was a huge unknown for me but I just wanted to be productive. Every thing I have done has led me up to this new position and work. It has been very fruitful and very exciting to make such a big change in my life."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home >> Our Team >> George Mumford
Founder and Chairman Emeritus
@mumfordcompany.com
George Mumford founded The Mumford Company in 1978 and is a recognized leader in the brokerage of economy and mid-market hotels. In addition to his active brokerage practice, George provides an experienced source of advice and counsel to his colleagues on matters ranging from property valuations, sales strategies and general business practices.
In his distinguished career, George has been involved in the sale of over 300 hotel properties valued in excess of $600 million. During the firm's tenure with Hotel & Motel Brokers of America, George was a winner of the "Top Performer" award from 1993 through 1999. More recently, George has participated in some of the firm's larger transactions and led the firm in dollar volume of sales in 2004.
George has been a frequent participant and panelist at numerous industry conferences including the AAHOA Annual Convention, the AH&MA Economy Lodging Conference, the Choice Hotels International Annual Convention and numerous state associations. For seven years, George authored monthly articles on hotel real estate for Hotel & Resort Industry and he has also contributed to other publications including Hotel Business and Real Estate Forum.
Prior to his founding of The Mumford Company, George enjoyed a distinguished career with one of Virginia's largest banks, where he rose through the ranks to become senior regional credit officer. From the banking industry, George joined a large, multi-discipline real estate firm that became involved in numerous facets of the hotel industry, including brokerage, operations and development.
George is a graduate of the College of William and Mary and the Stonier Graduate School of Banking at Rutgers University. Among his many civic and community achievements, George is a past Chairman of the Virginia Housing Development Authority.


text:
Resonant structures
The description of the planar hexagonal benzene molecule, C6H6, illustrates another aspect of VB theory. Each of the six carbon atoms is taken to be sp2 hybridized. Two of the hybrid orbitals are used to form σ bonds with the carbon atom neighbours, and one is used to form a σ bond with a hydrogen atom. The unhybridized carbon 2p orbitals are in a position to overlap and form π bonds with their neighbours (Figure 12). However, there are several possibilities for pairing; two are as follows:
benzeneFigure 12: The valence-bond description of a benzene molecule. The sp2 hybridized carbon atoms form σ bonds with their neighbours, and the unhybridized p orbitals overlap to form π bonds. This bonding pattern corresponds to one of the Kekulé structures (see text). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
There is a VB wave function for each of these so-called Kekulé structures. (They are so called after Friedrich August Kekulé, who is commonly credited with having first proposed the hexagonal structure for benzene in 1865; however, a cyclic structure had already been proposed by Joseph Loschmidt four years earlier.) The actual structure is a superposition (sum) of the two wave functions: in VB terms, the structure of benzene is a resonance hybrid of the two canonical structures. In quantum mechanical terms, the blending effect of resonance in the Lewis approach to bonding is the superposition of wave functions for each contributing canonical structure. The effect of resonance is the sharing of the double-bond character around the ring, so that each carbon-carbon bond has a mixed single- and double-bond character. Resonance also (for quantum mechanical reasons) lowers the energy of the molecule relative to either contributing canonical structure. Indeed, benzene is a molecule that is surprisingly resistant to chemical attack (double bonds, rather than being a source of molecular strength and stability, are usually the targets of chemical attack) and is more stable than its structure suggests.
One of the difficulties that has rendered VB computationally unattractive is the large number of canonical structures, both covalent and ionic, that must be used in order to achieve quantitatively reliable results; in some cases tens of thousands of structures must be employed. Nevertheless, VB theory has influenced the language of chemistry profoundly, and the concepts of σ and π bonds, hybridization, and resonance are a part of the everyday vocabulary of the subject.
The alternative quantum mechanical theory of the electronic structures of molecules is MO theory. This approach was introduced about the same time as VB theory but has proved more amenable to quantitative implementation on computers. It is now virtually the only technique employed in the computational investigation of molecules. Like VB theory, it has introduced a language that is widely used in chemistry, and many chemists discuss chemical bonds in terms that combine both theories.
Just as an atomic orbital is a wave function that describes the distribution of an electron around the nucleus of an atom, so a molecular orbital (an MO) is a wave function that describes the distribution of an electron over all the nuclei of a molecule. If the amplitude of the MO wave function is large in the vicinity of a particular atom, then the electron has a high probability of being found there. If the MO wave function is zero in a particular region, then the electron will not be found there.
Although an MO can in principle be determined by solving the Schrödinger equation for an electron in the electrostatic field of an array of nuclei, in practice an approximation is always adopted. In this approximation, which is known as the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) approximation, each MO is constructed from a superposition of atomic orbitals belonging to the atoms in the molecule. The size of the contribution of an orbital from a particular atom indicates the probability that the electron will be found on that atom. The actual shape of the molecular orbital (and indirectly its energy) is a reflection of the extent to which the individual atomic orbitals interfere with one another either constructively or destructively.
Emergence of quantitative chemistry
The law of conservation of mass
The law of definite proportions
The law of multiple proportions
Dalton's atomic theory
Features of bonding
Ionic and covalent compounds
Additional evidence of atoms
Avogadro's law
Kinetic theory of gases
Visual images of atoms
Internal structure of atoms
Discovery of the electron
Contributions of Lewis
Atomic structure and bonding
Atomic structure
The Bohr model
The quantum mechanical model
The location of the electron
Quantum numbers
Shapes of atomic orbitals
The building-up principle
Hydrogen and helium
Lithium through neon
Sodium through argon
Potassium through krypton
Periodic arrangement and trends
Arrangement of the elements
Periodic trends in properties
Atomic size
Ionization energy
Bonds between atoms
The formation of ionic bonds
Lewis formulation of an ionic bond
The Born-Haber cycle
Factors favouring ionic bonding
Covalent bonds
Lewis formulation of a covalent bond
Advanced aspects of Lewis structures
Multiple bonds
Hypervalence
Incomplete-octet compounds
Electron-deficient compounds
Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory
Applying VSEPR theory to simple molecules
Molecules with multiple bonds
Molecules with no central atom
Limitations of the VSEPR model
The polarity of molecules
The quantum mechanics of bonding
Valence bond theory
Formation of σ and π bonds
Promotion of electrons
Molecular orbitals of H2 and He2
Molecular orbitals of period-2 diatomic molecules
Molecular orbitals of polyatomic species
The role of delocalization
Comparison of the VB and MO theories
Intermolecular forces
Repulsive force
Dipole–dipole interaction
Dipole–induced-dipole interaction
Dispersion interaction
The hydrogen bond
Varieties of solids
Ionic solids
Molecular solids
Network solids
Advanced aspects of chemical bonding
Theories of bonding in complexes
Crystal field theory
Ligand field theory
Compounds displaying unique bonding
Organometallic compounds
Boranes
Metal cluster compounds
Computational approaches to molecular structure
National Council of Educational Reseach Council - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
A Caltech Library Service - Electrons Chemical Bonding
Khan Academy - Chemical Bond
Seattle Central College - Chemical Bonding
The University of Nebraska Omaha - Types of Chemical Bonding
Maharashtra Knowledge Corporation Limited - Chemical Bonding


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South West Asia
05/13/2016, 14.14
TIBET - CHINA
Dalai Lama challenges CPC: Find Mao's reincarnation and you can choose my successor
The Buddhist leader jokes about the Chinese government's continued interference in the religious sphere: "They are atheists and materialists by their very definition, but want to choose the next head of Tibetan Buddhism. I have a proposal: first announce the reincarnation of Mao Zedong and other great Communist leaders and then we'll talk". On the future of his role, speaking seriously, he states: "The Tibetan people will decide".
Tokyo (AsiaNews) - If the Chinese Communist government wants to choose the next Dalai Lama "they must first demonstrate that they believe in reincarnation. And so the first thing is to announce the rebirth of Mao Zedong, Lin Biao, Deng Xiaoping and other Communist leaders. That done, we can discuss the future Buddhist leader ", said a laughing Tenzin Gyatso, XIV Dalai Lama, to the Japanese NHK Agency. The leader of Buddhism's yellow hats is in Japan on a tour of teachings and meditation.
Asked about the future of the institution of the Dalai Lama, widely debated in the Tibetan and Chinese world, the religious leader first "challenged" the Beijing government and then, growing serious, added: " I find it baffling because the Chinese government's interest in the issue is solely political, not religious. During the Manchu dynasty, Chinese involvement in the issue is understandable because of religious connection emanating from the priest-patron relationship".
All this does not exist anymore: "However, modern Communist China calls itself atheist. So, they have no business in the issue". So, he continues, "since 1969 I have made it clear that the institution's future is in the hands of the Tibetan people. However, these days the Chinese government seems more interested in the issue than myself. "
In line with the restrictions the other official religions, the Communist Party has increased pressure on Tibetan Buddhism. In November 2015 the head of the Commission for the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of Ethnic and Religious Affairs, Zhu Weiqun, said: "China will never give up the right to decide on future reincarnations of the Dalai Lama". In January 2016, moreover, the government of Tibet set up an "official record" of living buddhas "to avoid fraud". The Tibetan diaspora immediately made it clear "you do not even need to be a Buddhist" to get on the list.
The question of the next Dalai Lama therefore remains open. In September 2014, Tenzin Gyatso said: "To find my successor procedures related to the prophecies will not be used, because China could influence them. I think something more along the lines of a Conclave, similar to that used by the Catholic Church to elect the Pope, or written instructions to be read after my death".
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US Congress: sanctions on Beijing if it interferes in the Dalai Lama's succession
India's budget cuts aid to rural poor
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Featuring harmonies from Preston Harris and vivid imagery of sunny Los Angeles, "Touche" serves as the first installment of iLL CAMILLE's "Millie Mondays" music series where she drops something exclusive each and every Monday.
In addition to the series, the prominent lyricist also performed at the Sunset Music Festival recently where she showed her chops and prepared fans for the release of her upcoming third independent project. Check out the video and make sure to keep tabs on the ill Ms. Camille.


Todd Wong has been blogging about cultural fusion and Asian-Canadian history since 2004. He is active in the literary, arts, and dragon boat communities of Vancouver and is a fifth-generation, Chinese-Canadian, head tax descendant. Known globally as the creator of Gung Haggis Fat Choy Robbie Burns Chinese New Year, he was recognized for his contributions to B.C. culture and history in 2008 at the Royal BC Museum.
So is the "C' sign a warning for others to be cautious of this driver? Is it a symbol of nationalist or ethnic pride, like when people put a country's sticker or flag on their car bumper? Or is it simply a parody to poke fun at the racist stereotype of bad Asian drivers?


Web Desk: According to a new study, one out of four people die from heart related disease. It is difficult for us to identify that we are one of them or not? But there are some unusual signs that may point to heart disease.
Crease on the earlobes is an external indicator of heart disease. It links with increased risk of atherosclerosis, in this disease a plaque builds up inside your arteries. These creases are also implicated in cerebrovascular disase.
It is another external indicator of heart issues is yellow, fatty bumps known as clinically as xanthomas, that can appear on the elbow, knees, buttocks or eyelid. People with these conditions have exceptionally high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The bad cholesterol becomes deposited in the skin and also deposits laid down in arteries that supply the heart.
This signals you that your heart is not well. In this situation, your fingernails change shape, becoming thicker and wider, due to more tissue being produced. It indicates heart issues because oxygenated blood is not reaching the fingers properly and so the cells produce a factor that promotes growth to try and rectify the issue.
Fat growth may also be seen in the eye, as a grey ring around the outside of the iris, the colored part of the eye. The presence of this fatty ring has been shown to be associated with some of the risk factors for coronary heart disease.
Oral health is a good indicator of your cardiovascular health. The bad bacteria in mouth can enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation in the blood vessels. The tooth loss and inflamed gums are makers of heart disease.
Your blue lips say that you are suffering from heart disease due to the failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygenated blood to tissues. Temporary blue lips are due to lack of oxygen.


Millions of Venezuelans were left without running water Monday amid a series of massive blackouts, forcing President Nicolas Maduro to announce electricity rationing and school closures as the government struggles to cope with a deepening economic crisis.
Maduro announced 30 days of power rationing on Sunday, after his government said it was shortening the work day and keeping schools closed due to blackouts.
"We have small children and we aren't able to give them a drop of water to drink," said Caracas resident Maria Rodriguez.
Street lights and traffic lights go dark, pumps at fuel stations stand idle, and cell phone and internet service is non-existent.
But people try to find it water wherever they can: from springs, leaky pipes, gutters, government-provided tankers, and the little that flows through the Guiare River in Caracas.
"We fill up from a well near here but we don't know if its drinkable. But we're using it," said Erimar Vale, who lives in the capital.


I didn't post last week so I thought now would be a good time give an update on my very bookish life right now. I've also got a few things coming up that I'm very excited about.
Yep. That's right. I'm currently in a writing workshop. It was very last-minute. I entered a prose contest 24 hours before the class and got a portion of the fee off which is pretty cool if I say so myself. This will be the first time I've workshopped a piece of fiction before. It'll also be my first time getting critiqued as an adult author other than the flaming I've gotten on some online articles. Can't win them all I suppose.
It's held in this really beautiful warehouse that was converted into studios for artists. I could spend all day there. They were in between updating the art on the walls, but still love this photo.
Before anyone gets too excited, no, I didn't do the full 24 hours. I love sleep and there's just no way I can do the full 24 hours straight. Although, I do greatly admire those that do. My favorite book was A Talent for Murder by Andrew Wilson that came out this year in July.
It's a story about the 1926 disappearance of Agatha Christie. If you don't know, Christie disappeared for ten days and refused to speak about it and left it out of her autobiography. It's highly unlikely that this story is what happened, but it uses so much from real life. Not only from what we know about Christie's movements, but people who lived and died during that time.
I sympathized with what Christie is going through, but the author didn't sacrifice who she was and you can see how brilliant she is under pressure. It's hard for me not to love a mystery book, but this one was a solid read and I'd recommend it to anyone who loves Agatha Christie.
While I do want this blog to be about life, current events, and the books that are inspired by or about specific topics, I'm also planning to do more reviews in the future. I'm working on reading a couple of books coming out over the next few months that I'm very excited about. Look forward to that soon.
I hope everyone is having a great week and reading their favorite books with a cup of tea as the temperatures cool down.


David was part of the original bid to become a UNESCO City of Literature, and continues to prove an invaluable source of wisdom to our work.
Background in accountancy and people management prior to retirement in 2003.
He have since then acted as treasurer and board member for several charities including Bromley House and more recently the City of Literature. Apart from financial matters, his role focusses on promoting Nottingham as a UNESCO Creative City. I am also passionate about promoting literacy which I see as a vital part of the City of Literature's role.
David really began to appreciate literature in my early 20s, partly due to many discussions and debates with a fellow student of English while at university. He pointed David towards the important authors in the English language which formed the basis for his reading list in subsequent years.
His favourite author is Iris Murdoch. "She exposes the hidden drama present in many superficially ordinary lives, with many allusions to the lives of the ancients".
His absolute favourite novel is "The Black Prince".


Malachite is the gentle care solution for sensitive skin prone to redness. The extract of this precious stone soothes and calms irritated skin and instantly brings it back into balance. The light, pleasant gel texture gives the skin an instant feeling of well-being. A valuable extract from malachite protects sensitive skin and acts as a highly active antioxidant. An award-winning stem cell extract from comfrey boosts renewal of the skin and brings it back into balance. An algae/aloe vera complex stimulates cell activity and moisturises, while panthenol sooths.
Ideal for reddened, irritated skin and, for men, to soothe the skin after shaving. Apply half the flacon to the face, neck and décolleté in the morning or evening before day or night cream and gently massage in.


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An Army of Clerks
This image from The Modern Railroad (1911), depicts a room full of freight department clerks.
An Early Locomotive
This image from The Modern Railroad, published in 1911, shows one of the earliest locomotives built for the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.
Crane Recovering a Damaged Locomotive
This image from The Modern Railroad(1911) captures two cranes removing a badly damaged Mogul locomotive from the site where it derailed.
Great Northern Locomotives: Old and New
This image from The Modern Railroad(1911), shows the first engine of the James J. Hill system sitting next to one of the Great Northern Railroad's more recent models.
Interior of a Dining Car
This image from The Modern Railroad (1911) captures the interior of an elegant dining car, including several of its male and female passengers.
The "Industrial Army of America"
This image from The Modern Railroad (1911) depicts a large number of railroad mechanics posing with a locomotive.
The "John Bull" Locomotive
This image from Edward Hungerford's The Modern Railroad (1911) features the "John Bull," a historic locomotive of the Camden and Amboy railroad.
The Biggest Locomotive in the World
This image from The Modern Railroad (1911), showcases "the biggest locomotive in the world," a huge engine built by the Santa Fe Railroad in its Topeka, Kansas shops.
The Railroad Conductor
This image from The Modern Railroad (1911), shows a railroad conductor at work.
The Railroad Track Walker
This image from The Modern Railroad (1911), captures a track walker, lantern in hand, performing his nightly duties.
The Wrecking Train
This image from The Modern Railroad (1911) shows a number of railroad workers standing atop a wrecking train.
September 15, 1912 | Time Table
The Chicago Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway
The Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway in 1912 stressed the opportunities in the Northwestern United States. This "new land" would allow the farmer to "pay for his land in two crops" and the "investor" to "make large and quick profits."
Grand Trunk Raolway System
Newburgh at Noon, 1913
Grand Trunk Pacific
Education of Henry Adams
The Education of Henry Adams is a personal account of the vast changes wrought on civilization over the course of the 19th century; technology, politics, economics, cultural, and intellectual transformations drive Adams' reflections. In the following excerpts, Adams addresses the transportation revolution.
My Ántonia
An excerpt from Willa Cather's My Ántonia.
The School Days of an Indian Girl
Zitkalà-Sa (Gertrude Bonnin) writes about her sense of dislocation on the railroad as she was taken to boarding school and the feelings she had on her return home.
1922 | Diary
Rutherford B. Hayes Diary Entry, August 2, 1877
This August 2, 1877 entry from President Rutherford B. Hayes' diary notes the proximity of his relatives to the violence in Pittsburgh.
This August 5, 1877 entry in his diary, President Rutherford B. Hayes affirms his views of limited government and the free labor right of contract, as well as his concerns about the "capitalists."


This duck couldn't be more thrilled about his first flight.
Who says your guard animal can't have a little flair.
If you're crazy about goat cheese, start giving a little more thought to goat meat.
Is Perdue Actually Giving Chickens What They Want?


31/07/2018 · Wednesdays are new comic book day! Each week hundreds of comics are released, and that can be pretty daunting to go over and choose what to buy.
is reprinted in Millennium Edition: Detective Comics #395 and showcase presents: robin, the Boy Wonder #1. Trivia Edit This is the first issue of Detective Comics written by Dennis O'Neil.


We're back at Place d'Armes today - Monaco's market - and more of MONACO STREET. How does a man with a plate of live snails fit into street theatre? Well you'll have to pop back tomorrow for the answer. Please do!
Why wait? Let's taste them!!!
I think there's going to be a snail race and he's drumming up bets on which little slimey critter will win!! Am I right??
He's going to force all the tourists to eat buckets full of them.
I'll get the garlic and butter.
I"ll wait till they are properly prepared Monsieur, THEN I'll enjoy. He's a delight Jilly. Another fabulous portrait. HE's charming.


Maharashtra, December 9, 2016: Even after seventy years of independence, poverty is one of the critical issues India is struggling with and this time Maharashtra has come up with a devastating number of around 61.6 per cent Scheduled tribe population, residing in the hinterlands are living below poverty line (BPL).
This status was presented in the Parliament on Monday and is way higher than the national average of 45.3 per cent of tribals' staying in rural areas. This brings Maharashtra the very next state to Odisha where almost 63.5 percent of STs living in the rural area are BPL, mentioned The Indian Express.
In spite of Maharashtra governments' spending nearly Rs. 4000 crore annually on tribal development the number of BPL population has increased, which is reflected by the spate of deaths of tribal children due to malnutrition.
Suresh Tendulkar committee formed in 2005 had set the parameters for BPL categorization which stipulated that anyone with a daily per capita expenditure of less than Rs 27 and Rs 33 in rural and urban areas respectively will be below the poverty line. According to the calculations of the Tendulkar committee, roughly 22 per cent of India is deemed to be BPL.
According to Indian Express report, the concentration of tribal population is nearly 1.05 crore which is nine percent of the population. There are a total of 45 Scheduled Tribe communities in Maharashtra with the tribal population largely concentrated in the western hilly districts of Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgaon, Nashik, Palghar and Thane and the eastern forest districts of Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Bhandara, Gondia, Nagpur, Amravati and Yavatmal.
Mostly around 85 percent of these tribal population reside in the rural areas and the rest, 15 per cent, in urban areas. Economically the tribal population are the worst off considering the rest of the social groups of the state. The plight of STs is a little better in urban areas. While urban poverty in Maharashtra is pegged at 9.1 per cent, that of STs staying in cities is 23.3 per cent.
Although the condition of this section of the population is critical but the picture of rural areas are the most vulnerable ones. In a stark contrast, the difference between poverty in state and that of the STs alone is mind blogging, it is 24.2 percent as against 61.6 percent of the STs living BPL, mentioned The Indian Express. This number is second only to Odisha where rural ST poverty is 63.5 percent.
It is strange that even after spending substantial funds by the state, the BPL ST's in rural areas is increasing. There has been an upward swing of this condition from 1993-94 onwards, where it was 50.38 per cent which in 2004-05 rose to 56.6 percent and finally to 61.65 percent.
Ignorance of the state about the condition of this population is the result of their numbness to their problems, claims the activists. Reflecting on this issue Dr Bipin Jojo of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences Centre for Social Justice and Governance said. "The voice of tribals is not as consolidated as that of Dalits in India. People get concerned of tribals only when a mishap occurs with this group. There are well-intentioned bureaucrats formulating the policies to help the community but it is a reality that at the lower rung these policies do not translate into action to ensure the development of tribals," They also claim that government policies formulated for improvement of the group are largely ineffective.
Former MLA and tribal rights activist Vivek Pandit further elaborated that "Earlier, we had policies to help improve human development indicators. We have now moved on to policies which concentrate more on creation of wealth. Sadly, these policies are failing miserably because they are not in tune with ground realities. So we have a situation where there is no movement of human development indicators nor are we ensuring that wealth in created in these communities.


'S e roinn (Fraingis: Canton, Gearmailtis: Kanton, Eadailtis: Cantone) anns An Eilbheis a th' ann Valais (Fraingis, IPA: valɛ), neo Wallis (Gearmailtis, IPA: ˈvalɪs), Eadailtis: Vallese. Tha e suidhichte ann an ceann a deas na dùthcha, ri taobh nan crìochan leis An Fhraing agus An Eadailt. 'S e Sion prìomh-bhaile na roinne. Tha Fraingis is Gearmailtis gam bruidhinn anns an roinn, ach 's e Fraingis a th' aig a' mhòr-chuid. Gabh an roinn sin ris An Eilbheis ann ann 1815. Tha ainm oifigeil na roinne a' ciallachadh Roinn Valais. 'S e an 9mh roinn as motha anns an Eilbheis a th' ann a thaobh àireamh-sluaigh. Tha a' bheinn Matterhorn suidhichte anns an roinn seo.
Bhuineadh Valais dhan Poblachd Rhodàinia bho 1802 gu ruige 1810.
Air a tharraing à "https://gd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valais_(Canton)&oldid=495309"
Chaidh an duilleag seo a dheasachadh 2 dhen Ghiblean 2015 aig 21:51 turas mu dheireadh.


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SPMAGTF-CR-CC 16.1 prepares to return home after providing crisis response to Middle East
22 Apr 2016 | Sgt. Owen Kimbrel 5th Marine Expeditionary Brigade
U.S. CENTRAL COMMAND -- U.S. Marines with Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force – Crisis Response – Central Command (SPMAGTF-CR-CC) are currently deployed to the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility serving as a crisis response force in the region. Additionally, SPMAGTF-CR-CC Marines and Sailors offer support for Task Force Al Asad (TFAA) and Task Force Al Taqaddum (TFTQ), both in Iraq, while they advise and assist Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) during Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR), which focuses on defeating the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant.
Being able to provide the vital crisis response components is a group effort throughout the SPMAGTF. The aviation combat element (ACE) and ground combat element (GCE) make up a large majority of the force.
The ACE provides the area of operation (AO) with 'around the clock' air support delivering troops and supplies to TFTQ and TFAA and various other locations while also taking part in coalition airstrikes all in support of OIR. The ACE consist of Marines and Sailors from Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352 (VMGR-352), Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron 268 (VMM-268), Marine Wing Support Squadron 372 (MWSS -372) and Marine Attack Squadron 223 (VMA-223). During the six month deployment the various squadrons logged countless hours of flight time conducting coalition airstrikes and assisting in the transportation of personnel and supplies which was an essential piece of the SPMAGTF-CR-CC mission.
The GCE provided the security force for various locations around the AO. It consisted of Marines and Sailors with 1st Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment which conducted base security operations and provided various host nation forces with various levels of training to increase interoperability and promote stability in the region. The Marines stood posts around the AO totaling more than 309,200 hours to ensure base security; they also conducted 75 patrols and treated more than 300 Iraqi casualties for wounds and injuries. The Marines were able to conduct 46 live fire and non-live fire exercises with host nation partners during the deployment in order to build basic combat skills and military tactics for the host nation forces.
"Because of the Marines' efforts I believe that we have made this a better place now than what it was six months ago and that's not just because of the GCE but the entire SPMAGTF", said Lt. Col. Dave Hart, the GCE commander. "It's been a great opportunity and I cannot be more proud of the 1/7 Marines and Sailors on what they've accomplished. The discipline they showed in the conditions that they served in and how dynamic and dangerous it is in the region was exemplary."
The various units that make up the SPMAGTF have come together in order to provide a force of readiness that is able to respond to any crisis that may arise thanks to the efforts of every Marine and Sailor. With SPMAGTF-CR-CC 16.1 slated to return home in the coming months, the next rotation of Marines and Sailors will hit the ground running to keep the SPMAGTF's mission of increasing interoperability throughout the region.
"I'm blessed to have the team that we have, our leaders have done a great job across every element within the SPMAGTF, from the NCO (noncommissioned officer) level on up," said Col. William McCollough, the SPMAGTF-CR-CC 16.1 commanding officer. "We arrived in theater with the intention to make a positive difference and I truly believe that we have accomplished that task."
battalion , Force , USMC , ACE , 1/7 , SPMAGTF , crisis response


Welcome to my web page. I created Beat Mike back in 1999 and it's been a great game ever since. I belong to the North American Family Campers Association (Chapters 8, 27, 30, 51, 114, 157). I currently attend college at Westfield State College and I work at Walt Disney World in Florida at Pizza Planet at Disney's Hollywood Studios. Anyways, I AM 28!!!!! If you want to e-mail me, my e-mail is mikedimauro31784@aol.com and my AIM is MikeDiMauro31784.
Come and check out the features I have on my web site. Includes standings from Beat Mike and the Fantasy Football League, my favorite links, my guestbook, and more!


You can receive a wonderful cash flow by investing in shares. Stock market place investing absolutely calls for a wonderful offer of expertise if you intend to do it efficiently and profitably, although. This report consists of suggestions and suggestions that will permit you to get your inventory marketplace investing to the following amount.
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When you decide on an equity to invest in, don't allocate a lot more than 10% of your portfolio into that organization. By undertaking this you will not drop large quantities of money if the inventory all of a sudden going into quick drop.
Pick stocks that can generate greater than common returns which are about ten% each year. If you'd like to estimate your return from a stock, find the earnings progress charge that's projected and insert that to the dividend produce. A stock with twelve% earnings and yields 2% might give you an total return of fourteen%.
Usually seem above your portfolio and investing goals every pair of months. This is thanks to the truth that our financial system is altering on a continual foundation. Particular market sectors start to out acquire others, producing some businesses out of date. Relying upon the economic atmosphere, it may be greater to invest in certain economic instruments instead than other individuals. As a result, you should make sure you know your portfolio extremely effectively and modify when you need to have to.
When investing in the inventory market stay within your chance limitations. You should stick to investing in businesses that you are common with, specifically if you invest via an online or low cost brokerage with no a lot expert suggestions. You might have a intestine truly feel about a enterprise that manufactures your favourite private grooming goods or foods products, but can you actually have faith in your intestine regarding companies that develop oil rigs, if you know absolutely nothing about them? A skilled advisor is far better suited to these choices.
As described in the beginning of this report, a wonderful way to earn a large volume of funds is by purchasing stocks. Once you know what to do, you will be amazed at your earnings prospective. Use the details that you read through in this write-up to boost your earnings.
Even the most specialist stock industry trader is aware of how difficult the market place is. You have the likelihood to make cash – and to drop cash. This write-up will support you with making wise investments, kinds that you can flip a profit on.
Consider edge of cost-free sources to examine expenditure brokers prior to contracting with them. This small bit of research can preserve you a whole lot of cash and tension in the extended operate.
Keep an eye on the inventory marketplace just before you truly enter it. Prior to you make your initial expenditure, it truly is a excellent notion to review the inventory marketplace for as prolonged as feasible. A few years of watching will give you all the knowledge you require. This will give you a a lot greater concept of how the industry truly works and boost your possibilities of making funds.
Shares are much more than slips of paper. When you very own a stock, you now have partial ownership of what ever firm is driving that investment decision. Therefore, you actually very own a share of the earnings and property of that firm. In most instances, you are also allowed to vote on issues of company management or major business decisions like mergers.
Prior to agreeing to a distinct broker, make sure you understand the expenses involved. Not just entry fees, but commissions, offering expenses, and anything else they cost. These fees can genuinely incorporate up in excess of time.
Be confident that you have a quantity of distinct investments. Investing in a single variety of stock is really harmful. For example, if you commit every thing you have into one particular share and it goes tummy up, you will have missing all your challenging earned income.
There are several choices you can make that will influence how productive you are in buying and selling shares. Find out some suggestions and methods about profitable trading procedures by applying the details you received in this report.
For Wonderful Tips On How To Spend, Consider These Beneficial Tips!
Inventory investment is a complicated discipline, and a excellent deal has previously been said and written about it. To read the entirety of this substance would consider fairly a prolonged time and not go away you any greater knowledgeable. With so much accessible information, how do you know what is crucial to know and what is not? Beneath is some of the details that you need.
Stay practical with your expenditure expectations. It is generally understood that good results does not happen right away with out getting on inadvisable substantial risk investments. Keep this in head, and you can stay away from creating costly errors although developing your expenditure portfolio.
Make confident that you're spreading out your investments. You do not want to put all your eggs in one particular basket, as the declaring goes. You have to hedge your bets, as they say in the market, by investing in different reliable inventory chances.
Never make investments as well considerably of your funds fund in 1 inventory. This boundaries your draw back danger. If the stock tanks, you will still have some powder remaining to struggle with later. You should in no way expose yourself also significantly with any one particular stock.
Experiment, at minimum on paper, with brief marketing. This requires making use of loaning inventory shares. When an trader does this they borrow a certain quantity nevertheless concur to also deliver that exact same volume of individuals certain shares, just at a another later day. The trader sells the inventory and buys it back following the value drops.
When investing in the inventory industry remain in your risk boundaries. If you might be investing with no the assist of a broker, decide on firms which you know a truthful sum about. Do you truly feel confident in the business of the business you are buying, these kinds of as oil and fuel? This is why a skilled advisor is one thing that is excellent to have when you plan on investing.
Now you have all the information you need to know. You now have the standard information about why you must make investments and how to do it. It is critical to appear forward and plan for your fiscal foreseeable future. Now you are educated about investing, use this valuable data to begin generating income!


Reb Moshe has over 350 Videos and Audios on his site TorahVideo.com Over 1 million viewers have also enjoyed his YouTube Channel featuring his main videos as he travels all over Israel visiting holy and historical Sites.
I love your vids reb mosha . G-d bless Baruch Ha-shem . have a good shavuos !


Our client is a design led company, and are world leaders in wardrobes, library systems, and furniture for the whole home and are currently looking of Space Planners/Designers to join their expanding team. We are seeking an ambitious and talented Sales Designer to join our team.
Designing using internal software and Vectorworks, selling a range of Luxury Furniture focusing on the client's iconic systems, Kitchens, Wardrobes and Libraries.
Working with the team to assist in remedial orders and preparing drawings and presentations where needed.
Designing and selling from the full collection including freestanding furniture.
You will be responsible for actively targeting and visiting the A&D industry and facilitating partnerships, sponsorships and showroom brand exposure opportunities with in the local community.
You will achieve 10+ external meetings per month with new business and attend networking and industry events where required.
Converting leads into sales and achieving and exceeding yearly sales targets.
Project management from initial enquiry with client, overseeing installation, site-visits and client follow up.
Designing and presenting using internal software and closing sales.
Previous experience in a sales environment with a track record of achievement.
You will have a minimum of 5 years' experience working with High End client's, in either a furniture or interiors company preparing drawings, presentations, quotations and closing sales.
An ambitious and driven person who is looking to be part of a prestigious brand where success is recognised and rewarded.
A desire for Sales, Design and Project Management in the design industry.
Target driven and sales focused.
An eye for detail, and a can-do positive attitude.
Pension contribution, 28 days holiday, additional benefits and full training.
In Job UK & Ireland are an equal opportunity employer.


The correction is well by far the most essential component composing the essay and sometimes disregarded. Not merely have you been likely to receive your thesis research around the nick of your time, but also turn out to be high-quality as a result of you fork out any individual to compose your thesis. You cannot generate a thesis statement within the celebration you will have zero recognizing of what you are composing.
How to put in writing a Thesis Statement. To start with, you are looking for to focus on the problem of topic. You need to be aware of the essay construction, that could arrange the chaos in your feelings. Because the creator, you do not should have to build up any argument to spell out the thesis.
Give thought to your essay's thesis for the warranty towards your viewers for which sort of study you have produced with the publications and support it grown to be special. When you are heading to compose an intriguing, different essay, you can expect to ought to do exploration.
If it were not for that thesis, the piece of content would not have any route, it will haven't any aim, and audience would not know the goal on the essay. Every essay you happen to be intended to jot down should to include an important stance, a very important viewpoint, or simply a valuable interaction. Your reader preferably should know right away what problem you might be answering relating to this predicament.
Make distinct you employ a very completely free instrument to make the crucial element text for that subject matter which can be extraordinary. The somewhat number one phase is always to compile a thesis. A "working thesis" can be a thesis that is ideal for you personally, aiding you to definitely notice where ever your options are heading.
Just how to write down a quality Essay. Thesis composing features being an working out which requirements a great number of endeavours and effort, collectively with subsequent the tutorial regulations and rules due to the fact they may be the main part of manufacturing educational papers. There are actually scores and scores of sample thesis papers made available on the web by a large variety of men and women prepared to aid people today such as you who needs to aid composing the results in their explore. One of a kind essays tends to be an extremely efficient minimal venture marketing machine.
Information layout will execute a factor in almost any doc you assemble, whether or not you are not making a resource site so that they can support writers these kinds of given that the OWL. Based on the type of paper you are creating and therefore the notice of your correct equivalent, it's possible to choose to use one particular of three sorts of thesis statements. By having an outline, you might be within a place to understand the parts that should be integrated for the newspaper when figuring out the weather that will be needing advancement by conducting greater explore.
Every essay needs to have got a usual framework if there will be not every other guidelines. Inquiring inquiries related to the subject is a crucial routine to search out a whole lot more special facts to incorporate in my thesis. Evidently, the final matter of the study is precisely just like the issue of one's doctoral exploration. The importance of the thesis statement is within the easy actuality it offers a superb recognition of management for your function which you're performing. As your thesis statement will deal with folks, a very powerful understanding of one's paper will need to focus on mother and father. One can examine your paper as so many days while you will be needing without any difficulty.


When you add your Gmail account to the iPhone's mail application, your account is kept logged in always by default. This helps you easily access your email whenever you need to. However, if you ever wish to sign out of your Gmail account from your iPhone, some of you may not be able to do so. This is because, users generally look for the log out option in the Mail application, however, the application doesn't include an option to log out. To sign out of your Gmail account on iPhone, you will need to make the changes in the Settings app of your iPhone.
To know how you can quickly log out of your Gmail on iPhone, follow the step-by-step instructions provided below in this guide.
1.) In order to sign out of your Gmail account on iPhone, tap on the Settings app icon on your iPhone.
2.) Now, under Settings section, you will need to tap on the option – Mail, Contacts, Calendars.
3.) Next, under "Mail, Contacts, Calendars" option, tap on the button next to the email account you wish to sign out from. In this case, you will need to click on the button next to your Gmail account which you wish to log out from.
4.) Then, you will need to tap on the switch next to "Mail" and make sure it displays "Off". This way your "Mail" application will no longer have access to your Gmail account when launched.
5.) After that, tap on the switch next to the "Mail" option in order to change the status from "Off" to "On". This way you be able to log back into your account.
So, this is how you can easily sign out of your Gmail account from your iPhone.


"Tie your napkin round your neck, cherie and let The Tamburlaine provide the rest!"
The wait is over as Cambridge's hotly anticipated new hotel, The Tamburlaine, has flung open its doors today and welcomed its very first guests.
We were there with our camera (of course) to have a proper snoop around inside and we're pleased to tell you it's all Beauty in there and zero Beast.
The hotel is grand, warm, welcoming and spacious plus has everything from a top notch brasserie to a delicatessen/wine bar.
There's a horseshoe shaped bar serving Cambridge themed cocktails and lots of areas to relax or maybe sit and work.
There are 155 luxurious bedrooms including suites on the top floor.
There's a library, a gym and a garden room all decked out with beautiful bespoke blue china.
Each bedroom has a Roberts Radio and flat screen on the wall.
And you can hook up your phone and play music through speakers in the bathroom.
MTV Cribs doesn't even come close.
"We are very excited to be opening this significant and stunning hotel in Cambridge.
We're looking forward to welcoming the residents of Cambridge as well as the city's many visitors.
We want locals to see Tamburlaine as their hotel; a place where they can come for a special dinner with family, cocktails or afternoon tea with friends, or grab a coffee and sandwich from our deli on their way to the station.
Tamburlaine is now open at 27-29 Station Road, Cambridge on April 1.
Rooms are available from a starting price of £200 per night, including continental breakfast.


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Yale People
Piersonite, physicist, vice provost for research – it's Peter Schiffer
By Kendall Teare
As a Yale undergraduate, Peter Schiffer '88 admits he spent more time at the Yale Political Union (YPU) than in the lab. It's rather ironic that, nearly three decades later, the Piersonite and Progressive Party member has returned to Yale as vice provost for research, a role "intended to support research and scholarship across the entire enterprise and not just science and engineering — the social sciences, the humanities, and the arts."
Along with debating at the YPU and hanging out with friends, Schiffer found time for coursework and undergraduate research in physics. He made the trek up Science Hill on foot — all the way from Pierson. "When I was an undergrad, there weren't shuttles or even bike lanes," Schiffer laughed. "Being back in New Haven with a car is a completely different experience."
Schiffer wasn't always sure he wanted to be a career scientist, "Some scientists start out with one specific topic or problem that really fascinates them. Others develop into the career, and I'm one of the latter," he said. "I started with intro physics, and then as I took more physics classes, I became more and more excited by what I was learning, and just kept going from there."
After completing his Ph.D. in physics at Stanford in 1993, Schiffer did postdoctoral work at AT&T Bell Laboratories where he began to work in emerging areas of the study of magnetism. Schiffer later became an assistant professor at Notre Dame, received tenure and eventually his first administrative appointment at Pennsylvania State University, and was a professor and vice chancellor for research at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for five years.
Today, Schiffer is an international leader in experimental condensed matter physics, specializing in the study of "frustrated" magnets. In addition to his role as vice provost, he will run a lab at Yale and advise graduate students who work with him there.
Schiffer's move into the administrative realm was an outgrowth of his work as a researcher. "I've always been interested in more than just the science," he said. "Based on my involvement in the Political Union, you can see that I wasn't ever a 'science and science only' person. Working to make institutions work better and to have a broader impact than just my own research program appealed to me."
His first university-wide administrative opportunity came to him while he was on the physics faculty at Penn State. "I was involved with administrative work at the department level," he explained, "and one day in 2006, the department head came to me and said, 'Peter, there's an opening in the central administration, and I think you should apply for it. It will be fun.'"
And it was, Schiffer said. "As a university administrator, I get to meet a wider range of people, learn about many more topics, and have a broader impact than I could possibly have in my own area of research. That's a lot of fun, and gratifying."
Getting groups of faculty and researchers from across the spectrum to work together ... that's where there are just incredible opportunities.
Peter Schiffer
At Yale, Schiffer is looking to facilitate researchers' efforts across the university by building support structures, minimizing administrative burdens, and improving communications and transparency regarding how the university operates. Schiffer expects most efforts to be led by what is required to get research done. "Research administration really has to be driven by the needs of researchers themselves because they're the experts. They have the passion for their fields of study, and I have the responsibility to help them by making it easier for them to navigate the necessary regulatory hurdles and by helping them to find external funding either from the government or from other sources, including philanthropy," he said.
Schiffer has also joined the University Science Strategy Committee, chaired by professor Scott Strobel, deputy provost for teaching & learning, and vice president for West Campus planning & program development, that has been convened by Provost Ben Polak. "I expect to take the committee's recommendations — the recommendations of the great faculty and staff on that committee and the wide range of stakeholders they have consulted — and use them for guidance on ways to help improve research at Yale."
Because his new role "is to facilitate research — the entire research enterprise — across all schools, across all disciplines," Schiffer wants everyone at Yale to know that he is here not only for STEM but also the social sciences, humanities, and the arts, in order for Yale to be a balanced and truly great university. "We want to make sure that the spectacular faculty, staff, and students across the Yale research enterprise feel well-supported and have the resources they need to do whatever scholarship they want to do."
In addition to investing in research across the disciplines, Schiffer will promote research between the disciplines. "So many of the really interesting problems that exist both in science and in society require input from multiple disciplines," he said.
"The convergence of physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, data sciences, computational sciences, you can see that everywhere," he noted. "The instruments that the life sciences use — the advanced microscopes, the genomics — were enabled by advances in the physical sciences and by the increase in computer power, such as the ability to hold large data sets. In turn, the techniques with which we analyze those data sets come from the computer scientists and mathematicians. It all feeds together."
Improving communications in regard to research at Yale will only aid these collaborations, said Schiffer. "Getting groups of faculty and researchers from across the spectrum to work together and making it easier for them to work together, that's where there are just incredible opportunities."
Of course, there will continue to be an emphasis on basic science, for basic science is one of Yale's great strengths, noted Schiffer. "People don't always think about how quickly research in basic physics, chemistry, and biology is affecting our lives."
Take computers, for example, he said. "The fact that computers have big hard drives in them and can store a lot of data — that wasn't the case 30 years ago. There was an advance in the late '80s, early '90s coming out of basic physics labs on how to sense changes in very small magnets. That fundamental physics research, which ended up leading to a Nobel Prize, turned into better hard drive technology, and those bigger hard drives allowed an enormous revolution in how we use computers." And that data storage revolution had a catalytic impact on all other fields of the natural sciences and engineering, as well as creativity and discourse in the social sciences, arts and humanities, he noted.
"You don't know when you're going to discover something that turns out to be really important 5, 10, 20 years down the line," Schiffer added. "And if you only look where you think something might happen, you're likely to miss out on the really big leaps forward."
When asked what he notices now about Yale, returning with fresh eyes, Schiffer said, "The nice thing about Yale is that the scale of the research enterprise offers a wide range of activities in which students can participate. The opportunities for our undergraduates are truly boundless."
"The campus is beautiful. The world-class faculty and students are just a pleasure to interact with," said Schiffer. "The special resources Yale has in its people, facilities, and infrastructure present tremendous opportunities for research."


How do I know if I am graduating?
Payment of the Graduation fee of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) will entitle the graduand to be issued with one gown (incld. Hood where required) and with one stole to be uplifted from the Campus store. Please note that this is a rental and these gowns must be returned by the deadlines stated in the Graduation advisory letters. Gowns will be available from October 30, 2018 for the Turkeyen Campus and November 5, 2018 for the Berbice campus.
The graduation fee covers the provision of academic regalia to graduands; rental of chairs and public address system, venues and other associated costs for the ceremony; the Chancellor's reception for graduands; the provision of diplomas with specially crafted covers; and the publication of graduation programmes and convocation booklets, among other costs.
‹ What do I wear?


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Enbridge: pipeline age is not relevant, pipeline easement 'confidential'
Enbridge spokesman says age of pipeline doesn't matter, and claims company's agreement with state to run pipeline is confidential. Michigan Department of Natural Resources disputes Enbridge claim of confidentiality.
"Brad Shamla says Line 5 doesn't have a life expectancy in the way you might expect. The Vice President for U.S. Operations says Enbridge has detected no issues with the 61-year old line under the Straits of Mackinac, despite constant monitoring. Shamla also told Peter Payette that the Canadian company's agreement to run a pipeline along Michigan bottomlands is confidential and endless. He would not explain the reason for the confidentiality. (UPDATE: An official in the Department of Natural Resources says the agreement with Enbridge granting an underwater easement to run the pipeline is not confidential. Walter Linn says it is available to the public and he knows of no confidentiality clauses in it.)" - Interlochen Public Radio, June 25, 2014


text:
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KAMAGURKA, aka Luc Zeebroek, is a Belgian cartoonist, theater- and televisionmaker and allround artist. Kamagurka is known for his absurd cartoons and tv-shows.
Kamagurka was born in 1956, in the drowsy town of Newport, on the Belgian coast. He studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Ghent but stopped short before his graduation. He began working as a cartoonist in HUMO, a Belgian magazine, and quickly gained fame with it. Kamagurka published in several countries including the Netherlands (NRC Handelsblad, Playboy, Esquire), France (Charlie Hebdo, Hara Kiri), UK (Squibb, The Spectator, Deadpan), Germany (Titanic, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Zitty, Eulenspiegel ), Austria (Die Presse), USA (The New Yorker, National Lampoon, RAW) and many others …
He did several shows in the Belgian and Dutch television, had a radio show with Herr Seele (his lifelong companion) on Studio Brussels, and performs throughout the year in the Netherlands and Belgium. He also wrote a children's story and two plays that were staged in the NTG Ghent. Kamagurka has released more than 25 comic books from Bert and Bobje to Cowboy Henk. As a succesfull painter he has been exhibited in several galleries in the Netherlands and Belgium.
+32 491 16 01 80 info@art-depypere.be
Thursday to Saturday From 14:00 - 18:30 And open by appointment
By Galerie Jos Depypere Kerkstraat 59, 8520 Kuurne Belgium


We both love the rustic beauty and charm of where I'm from in Southern Oregon and decided that would be where we would marry one day. On a quick trip back home, I visited a few potential venues and instantly decided on Red Lily Vineyards because of its stunning surroundings.
Our wedding day turned out to be very intimate (with only 30 guests!), rustic, and unique. Our ceremony was held on a gorgeous hilltop that had 360 views of mountains, pine trees and the vineyard below. Our guests were shuttled up to the top of the mountain and sat comfortably on rustic wooden benches during the ceremony. I was driven up the mountain in a vintage Model T and then let out at the top to walk down the aisle. That ride up is one of my favorite moments from the day! The reception was then held down the hill in an old restored wine barrel barn. We dined on a mouthwatering, four-course meal paired with delicious wines while listening to an incredible solo guitarist. Our guests are still raving about how incredible of a time they had and how it was the "most unique wedding" they have ever attended. I couldn't have dreamed of a more perfect day!
Gorgeous photos! Love the old Ford!
An intimate 30 person wedding in the middle of a gorgeous Oregon field…this pretty much sounds like my dream!
An intimate, charming Oregon Wedding up on @inspiredbythis today. Love our beautiful bride @artistrydanika!!
@Sterling_Social @weddingPR @inspiredbythis @artistrydanika what a GORGEOUS wedding & venue! I hadn't heard of this venue before. Stunning!
Always a good day when @Sterling_Social and @artistrydanika are on @inspiredbythis! D – your wedding is gorg!
RT @ weddingpr An intimate 30 person wedding in the middle of a gorgeous Oregon field…this pretty much sounds like my dream!
RT@weddingpr An intimate 30 person wedding in the middle of a gorgeous Oregon field…this pretty much sounds like my dream!
Such a special day @msdaveeblu @artistrybydanika !!
The first picture is perfect.I ADORE this post!