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Entertainment Sports & Fitness
Unbeatable (2013) | Movie review
By Tony Teh on Tuesday, August 13, 2013
Chinese title: 激戰
Previously known as: MMA
Release date in Malaysia: August 15th 2013
Rated: P13
Distributor / studio: Ram Entertainment / Bona Film Group, Film Fireworks
Languages: Cantonese, Mandarin
Genre: Mixed martial arts, action, sports drama
Director: Dante Lam
Writers: Dante Lam, Jack Ng, Fung Chi-fung
Cast: Nick Cheung, Eddie Peng, Andy On, Philip Keung, Crystal Lee, Mei Ting
Synopsis: Fai (Nick Cheung), once a world champion in boxing, escapes to Macau from the loan sharks and unexpectedly encounters Qi (Eddie Peng), a young chap who is determined to win an MMA tournament. Fai becomes Qi's mentor and rediscovers his passion to fight not only in the ring but for his life and the ones he cares.
Verdict: If you're a hardcore fan of MMA (mixed martial arts), you'd find the fight scenes here rather unrealistic and poorly executed; even all the shaky, closeup and zoom in-out camera works failed to cover that up. But that's forgivable, thanks to the film's heartfelt storyline, strong acting performance, decent humour and moral purposes. Nick Cheung Kar Fai is top class for Unbeatable, practically carried the movie with an engaging emotional display without leaving his trademark comedic ways. Eddie Peng, too, plays his innocent, determined character so convincingly that it gets the audience rooting and fearing for him in his fight scenes despite the illogical choreography. The film's biggest issue is that it seems to portray MMA as a dodgy, brutal and fatal sport. However, it narrates the basics of the combat sport effectively.
Second opinion: "For someone who doesn't know much about MMA, I thought the movie's highly entertaining; surprised to find that Crystal Lee's acting here's actually very unnatural & probably not worthy of the Shanghai International Film Festival's Best Actress award she just won from playing this role" (girlfriend).
The English title: Can somebody explain why they decided to change the original title "MMA" of their film to an extremely typical Chinese film English title? After watching the movie, I'm still wondering why they entitled it "Unbeatable".
Malaysian censorship: It's a Chinese sports drama, I'd be surprised if there's anything to cut at all.
[SPOILER SECTION BEGINS HERE]———————————————————————————–
Things left unexplained: At beginning of the movie, Qi (Eddie Peng) is introduced as a young man from a wealthy family who travels around to mostly small villages. However, his background and the reason why he refuse to spend his father's money are not further clarified. The other thing's that's left unsettled is the loan shark/gangster who gets stabbed by Gwen (Mei Ting). Fai (Nick Cheung) owes these people a large sum of money and is visited by them at his new place in Macau. To fight them off, he injures most of them and Gwen actually stabs the boss. At the end, Fai hands his MMA winnings to his friend who's going back to Hong Kong to help him repay his loan. What makes him think that the gangsters will forgive them just like that? His friend would be kidnap or at least get beaten up.
The portrayal of MMA: It starts off commendably logical. The character, Qi, only trained in Taekwondo before but wishes to participate in an MMA tournament. When he shows the MMA trainer his basic Taekwondo techniques, he's told to learn from scratch. After a sparring match, he's advised to block low kicks with his shin. Due to the lack of time, he's mostly trained to defend and escape from submission attempts instead of attacking as well. Up to that point, I thought this film's very tightly written… until Qi gets his neck severely injured from a belly-to-back suplex by his opponent, which probably never ever happened in the sport before. The character, Fai, places bets on (and against) Qi, who's his student by the way, and also places bets on himself when he fights (and that's how he gets the money to repay his loan at the end). It also seems that both these main characters fight in MMA not because they love the sport or have real passion for it. It's revealed that Qi joins the tournament to inspire his bankrupt dad to start anew while Fai, a former boxing champ, fights as a last resort to redeem himself from his past mistakes. The scenes of post-fight celebrations and commentary are also not very enthusiastic. I then realised that the film probably intends to portray MMA as a dodgy, brutal and fatal combat sport with heavy gambling involved. The tournament in the movie is also pretty dumb. There's no mention about the weight class and has only one fight per event. Winner of the fight gets to pick his next opponent by random while the new challenger only has to survive two rounds to win. So if the new challenger wins the last fight of the season, he becomes the grand champion just like that? Also, I guess the MMA consultant didn't do a great job informing the director about the unified MMA rules 'cause in the fight scenes, we see the fighters striking to the back of the opponent's head and blood being completely wiped off by doctor during a round, which are not allowed, I believe, in any MMA tourneys.
I assure you, this doesn't happen in MMA:
Unbeatable is presented by TuneTalk, the major sponsor of ONE FC and MIMMA. Special thanks to TuneTalk for the exclusive invitation to the official local premiere screening of the film.
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MMA MMA others Movie Reviews Movies Sports & Fitness
Mr Lonely
support boxing post~ XD
@Lonely Dude, it's about this you start reading at least a little bit before commenting. It's MMA, not boxing and this is a movie review.
HenRy LeE
Maybe that's how he got so much traffic in his blog? Being ignorance. LOL
Anyway, this is a good movie despite how the mma rumble thing was badly done and the non existence of weight category in the fight since there's only 1 fight, maybe there is other fights but they too lazy to film it. Still, this is one of the best cheung ka fai movie i've ever watched.
Kian Fai Koh
I seriously liked this movie . . . It motivate me wanna to body building actually XD
If that movie is forbidden in MMA, why they show it on screen? Or the movie itself don't have the special move to impress the audience?
choulyin.tan
what I like about this movie is the chemistry between Nick and Eddie 🙂
Čღήήϊє LCW
This movie is really entertaining for people like me who dont know anything about MMA. I like this moie, the mix of humor and heartfelt feeling, but not so into the fighting scene, damns scary zzzzzz
Xue Ren
yesh, going to watch this very soon! i always like nick's acting! 🙂
i think the movie is good
very engaging 😀
@KianFai I don't understand what you mean by movie is forbidden in MMA. The film does have special moves, but they're not realistic. Choreography could've been more gritty.
Oi! Dir.Dante Lam, Don't Simply Approve Dialogues Like This Lah Pls" – Captain Picard – that was really funny!


Many in this country (from President Obama to the mainstream media to liberal/left-wing/Democratic pundits) refuse to acknowledge the presence of radical Islam. In fact, in his address to the nation back in September, President Obama made it very clear that ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq in Syria)—also known as ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) was not Islamic. The question is, why does our president (I pick on him since he is the leader of the free world and the most-widely heard voice in our country, but he is by no means alone in this) refuse to recognize that there is such a thing as radical Islam?
There are clearly two (if not more) groups of people who claim to be Muslims. There are "radicals" or "extremists," also known as jihadists. Or terrorists. Or the scourge of the earth. Then there are "moderates," or "peaceful" Muslims. We are told over and over again that Islam is a religion of peace, that the majority of Muslims are not terrorists, and that these "radicals" aren't truly Muslims in that they don't adhere (mentally assent to or practically follow) the core beliefs of the religion. That may all be true. But those same radicals claim they are the true Muslims and that the "moderates" are weak-kneed cowards who will have no place in Paradise. And both of them quote the Quran in defense of their position. The problem is, I don't know which of them is right. And frankly, I don't care. Group A—"radicals"—want to kill me. Group B—"moderates"—don't. I don't mind, although I disagree on many points, with group B. I want Group A dead or in Gitmo as fast as possible lest they kill me or the ones I love.
I've studied Islam a little bit. I am by no means an expert. I cannot say with confidence whether radical Muslims or moderate Muslims more closely adhere to the intent of Muhammad when he penned the Quran. I can pull snippets of text from the Quran that would clearly indicate that Islam is not a religion of peace, just as Muslims can point to passages that would plainly affirm the exact opposite. But it wouldn't be fair for me, unschooled as I am in their religion, to try to interpret the Quran, any more than it would be fair for an atheist to tell me what the Bible says and why I don't believe my religion accurately. But I don't think it matters for the point of this discussion.
Let's look at a similar situation. There is a group in Kansas called the Westboro Baptist Church, most well-known for hating homosexuals and protesting funerals of veterans. The Westboro Baptist Church is part of the "Christian" religion. But they do not believe what I believe. Nor do they believe what the majority of "Christians" believe, and the term Christian is used to describe a broad group of people and beliefs. By all accounts, the members of Westboro Baptist Church are extremists. A hate group. "Radicals," even. But they are still considered by pretty much everyone (the mainstream media, pundits on both sides of the aisle—and even by myself, if using the term as defined above) to be part of the "Christian" religion. Isn't it only fair then, that we apply the same standard to Islam?
So why won't President Obama et al. refer to them as such? Why can't we seem to drag the words "radical Islam" from his mouth? Is he afraid of what radical Muslims might do if he applies the well-fitting shoe? Does he sympathize with the religion and not want to tarnish it by admitting that it has bad apples in the barrel? Has he just not applied standards of logic to his thoughts? I don't know. Only he could tell us that. Same is true of the mainstream media, pundits, etcetera. But the question begs to be asked.
Why does it matter? What difference does it make what name we give this group? "A rose by any other name would smell as sweet" and dung by any other name would . . . well, you get the idea.
Why does it matter? It matters because ideology dictates action. It matters because knowing your enemy is essential in war, and make no mistake, this is a war and they are the enemy. It matters because this isn't a few troublemakers or a "JV team," but an organized, determined army that wants us dead. It matters because the world (including Muslims, both radical and moderate) is watching us, looking for our leadership and watching for our weakness. And it matters because accuracy and truth matter. That, in and of itself, should be enough for the President of the United States of America. Sadly, it is not.


Now that my edits are done for this round, I find myself restless. It is 3 am and normally I fall face down on my pillow exhausted because I have been writing all night, but not tonight! No. I am actually bored. And awake.


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Résoptimist est une expérimentation proposée dans le cadre de la démarche d'attractivité de Strasbourg Europtimist. Les Résoptimists sont une communauté de Strasbourgeois(e)s engagé(e)s qui détiennent des informations pouvant être utiles ou nécessaires à toute personne désireuse d'en savoir plus sur l'offre du territoire.
Merci de nous donner quelques informations, en remplissant le formulaire ci-dessous.
By submitting this form, I hereby agree that the information I have entered can be used for contacting me..
Merci, vous êtes sur le point de devenir un bêta-testeur Résoptimist.


Platinum engagement rings are the best type of engagement rings available. It's as simple as that.
What makes platinum engagement rings so special?
Platinum engagement rings are the perfect choice if you can afford it. Unfortunately, as with many things, the best option is also the most expensive. Platinum is the hardest precious metal, it is the most hard wearing, and the colour and overall look of platinum compliments diamonds perfectly.
Platinum also happens to be extremely rare, which is the main reason for the increased price tag. However, if you want the perfect diamond ring you need to look at platinum engagement rings.
The hard wearing metal will last longer than any other precious metal without tarnishing.
The tough metal will protect the diamond with no fear of the set diamond falling out due to warped metal or metal fatigue.
Platinum engagement rings are the best choice if your partner is allergic to other precious metals. Some people have allergic reactions to gold jewellery, whereas the purity of platinum means they won't have a reaction when wearing a platinum engagement ring.
If you have the budget, you won't regret spending that bit extra to get a platinum engagement ring. We know how special your proposal is, and there is no other precious metal that gives a better "wow factor" when you show the ring to your partner. But remember the proposal is just the beginning of a long and happy life together! The ring you buy now will have to last many years to come. Platinum engagement rings are second to none for keeping well as you grow old together. The increasing rarity of platinum means it will not decrease in value. It will probably go up in value.
One final note, although platinum engagement rings are expensive for a one-off purchase, you should look at the price in the context of the length of time you will have it (or more accurately the time your partner will wear it). The money you spend now will give you value throughout your lives together, which can help put the cost of platinum engagement rings into perspective a bit.
Platinum engagement rings are slowly becoming a trend for couples because of its durability. Who wouldn't be attracted to go for platinum engagement rings when it can stand as a symbol of your love for a very long time?
What Is Platinum as A Metal For Engagement Rings?
Platinum is a very dense and durable metal that has been a top choice for men's and women's engagement rings. Platinum is considered to be among the finest, purest and rarest precious metals on earth and has a bigger atomic mass of over 60% than 14k karat gold. That is why this is the choice metal for engagement rings and wedding rings which are intended to be worn on a daily basis. Platinum is hypoallergenic and is safe for hypersensitive skin types and has a lustrous look which makes it a good combination with diamonds.
Another amazing thing about going for platinum as your engagement ring metal is that it does not tarnish. That is why it is able to maintain its beauty for a long time without having to do maintenance precautions.
If you are thinking of getting either white gold or platinum as your engagement ring metal, then it will be a good idea to be aware of their difference. Since these two have very common colors, then it is best to know the advantages of both in order for you to choose well.
Platinum and White Gold may look closely the same from the naked eye, Platinum can be distinguished from white gold as it has a grayish white color and while White Gold has a silvery white color. When it comes to metal color, Platinum has an advantage because it is naturally white in color, however white gold has different metal impurities that makes it white, and rhodium plating is reinforced on the ring so it can retain its white color. This only means that if you are after a white colored metal that does not need maintaining of rhodium plating every two years or so, then the platinum is the better choice.
In terms of prices, white gold is the more expensive metal compared to the Platinum metal. This is because Platinum is more dense, so more of the Platinum metal is needed to make a ring. Also, platinum metals are 95% pure while the average white gold which is around 14k gold would be around 58.5% gold, which is only a proof that Platinum is the more expensive choice.
When you think about durability, the Platinum is the more advantageous between the two. That is why it is the better option if you are going for bigger stones because Platinum prongs are more durable and can hold the stones with a higher stability than 14k Gold. But despite being the stronger metal, Platinum is the softer metal, which means platinum can be scratched easily than gold, however, the main difference is, when the 14k gold gets scratched, some of the gold comes off, and the scratch will look obvious. When Platinum gets scratched, it gets displaced creating a patina finish on the surface of the ring.
Once you are done with choosing the correct gemstones for your platinum engagement ring, then you can begin putting your focus on the precious metal. If you are going for a specific budget, try to find out the purity of your platinum ring. The rule of thumb is, the higher the purity, the more expensive it is, and there are many types of purities available for metal bands. You can discuss this with your jeweler if you are going for bespoke platinum engagement rings, or you can just check the paperwork of the platinum ring that you are thinking of buying so you can find out.
Another trick when buying platinum rings is to check the inside for "hallmarks". If you see a hallmark that says "IridPlat" or "0.90Plat/Ir" then that basically means that the platinum ring is 90% pure, so you are supposed to get them at a more affordable price compared to the ones that have "Plat" or "0.95 Plat" as hallmarks as those are indicators that the platinum used is 95% pure.
If you are going for a customized platinum engagement ring, make sure that you get them from jewelers who are specialists in creating platinum ring designs, as not all jewelers are expert on working with platinum. However, since platinum is generally a harder metal than gold, then there may be limits in the designs available.
Platinum Engagement Rings are great especially if you intend to wear them on a regular basis! It will surely maintain its beauty for a very long time! Scratches will even make it prettier because of the Patina Finish the scratches create! Get your Platinum Engagement Rings today!
Engagement Rings Wiki Copyright © 2019.


Every six months, I faithfully head to a local jewelry store to get my diamond solitaire engagement ring inspected and cleaned; and for what seems like the last eight years, the dialogue is always the same.
"Well, yes, but look what you would be getting," she entices. As always, I play the part of an interested customer and gaze at the over-sized diamonds.
Sure, my ring is small by most jewelry standards, but it is symbolic of what my husband had to give at the time. Eight hundred dollars was a great deal of money to a struggling college student who was working at Office Max making copies to pay his rent, gas and utilities. Eight hundred dollars was more than he could afford at that time, but he spent it because he thought I was worth the investment.
While I gaze into the jewelry case, I rub my fingers over my ring and imagine the events leading up to my husband's proposal. I see him anxiously heading to the jewelry store on that day during his lunch break and picking out my ring. He undoubtedly scratches his head and smoothes over his hair as he listens to the saleswoman drone on about cut and clarity. Cautiously, he makes what he believes to be an informed decision. He pays extra for the lifetime warranty as he expects the ring and the marriage to last just that – a lifetime. He nervously shoves the ring into his khaki colored pants and heads back to work – where he continues to make copies for the rest of the afternoon – the extra weight in his pocket a constant reminder of how his life will forever change in a few short hours. I smile at the thought of how he must have rehearsed what he was going to say on his thirty minute drive home – hands gripping the steering wheel so tight that his knuckles were white and clammy.
Then, I remember how he entered the apartment that late August afternoon – a rush of summer heat counteracted by his naturally cool, laidback personality. I remember being in the kitchen and hearing him groan in pain and lean down to grasp his knee – something he did often due to a childhood injury resulting in a broken patella. I rushed over to help him up – only to see him reach into his pocket and pull out my simple, yet elegant ring in a cream-colored box with a plush, burgundy, velvet lining. "Sonya, will you marry me?" I was speechless. I shook my head and hugged him. I thought I was getting a scanner for my birthday.
I proudly showed off my ring in the weeks to come. One of my students even commented, "He must love you a lot. That ring is huge!" I thought so too. I was twenty-two and in love. It wasn't the size of the physical diamond that I saw, but the size of the heart that had given me the ring. For after all, the ring was just a symbol – a reminder of the love we shared and the life commitment we were about to make.
So, every year as the enthusiastic associate makes her sales pitch in the hopes of a big commission, my answer is always the same. "No, I'm attached to this one." Yes, the other rings are superior in size and more refulgent than my ring, but, they lack the one characteristic that makes my half carat solitaire priceless – the memory of the love that first budded as a teenage crush and over the years bloomed into a promise of love everlasting.
Sonya Lee lives in Chesterfield, Virginia, with her husband and two children. She teaches high school English and enjoys writing candidly about her life experiences.
I enjoyed reading this Sonya. I wish you continued happiness with your ring and your family!
We just celebrated ten years in March, and it just keeps getting better!!!
Keep the ring – and the husband – always! Sounds like a man who loves you. And it sounds like you know that and love him to. May your lifetime be filled with many wonderful experiences together.
Thanks, Kathy! We are both very lucky to have found each other!!! Can't imagine my life without him.
Sonya Lee, I loved your story about your ring! It's refreshing to read about someone who knows the value of true love and commitment and sees a ring as a symbol of love and not an indication of wealth. I get so tired of the "Good Housewives franchaise.. and the women on the show who judge their diamonds by the size of the carat and their husbands by the size of their…. bank accounts.
Thanks, Jo! And yes, it is unfortunate that we now live in a society where so many believe bigger is better.
Your story demonstates the significance of priority and perspective.
Sonya, my engagement ring diamond is very small. We were struggling college students as well when my husband proposed to me. I've been wearing my ring for 38 years now, though. Can't imagine giving it up. Many more happy years to you and your sweet hubby!


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Q: JSON Schema references with $ref I have multiple schema definitions in multiple files (multiple .json files),
Does JSON schema allow schema definition in multiple .json files in multiple directories ?
Or should all schema definitions (all *.json files) reside in one directory ?
Couldnt get much info from http://json-schema.org/latest/json-schema-core.html.
The reason i am asking is while generating POJO's from .json files in Java app, jsonschema2pojo plugin is able to handle multiple directories whereas swagger code-gen plugin can only handle one directory. I would like to know if its JSON-Schema guideline or plugin deficiency.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Hotels That Allow Pet Dogs in Maine
Pet-Friendly Lodging Near Kittery, Maine
Pet-Friendly Hotels Near Cape Nedick, Maine
Kristen Hamlin, Leaf Group
Photos of Nubble Lighthouse in Cape Neddick, Maine were, sent into space on the 'Voyager' spacecraft. (Photo: Thomas Northcut/Photodisc/Getty Images )
Motels on Riverside Street in Portland, Maine
Anniversary Getaways in Maine
Cape Neddick, Maine, located on the southern coast between York and Wells, is best known for the Cape Neddick lighthouse, also known as "Nubble Light" or "The Nubble." Although closed to the public, the picturesque lighthouse still draws thousands of visitors annually, who view it from the nearby Sohier Park. Guests visiting the area with pets will find limited options for pet-friendly accommodations, but there are some accommodations available within the surrounding area.
Majestic Regency
Four miles north of Cape Neddick on the town line of Wells and Ogunquit on historic Route 1, the Majestic Regency (majesticregency.com) is a seven-acre resort that caters to families. This pet-friendly hotel offers a wide variety of accommodations, from king, queen and double bed rooms to suites and a fully furnished apartment with a kitchenette. The hotel allows two pets under 50 lbs. with a per-night fee per pet. When you're not enjoying the wide sandy beaches of Ogunquit, the Majestic Regency offers an outdoor heated pool, basketball and tennis courts, and a picnic area with gas grills. Kids stay for free, and room rates include a full Continental breakfast. The Shoreline Explorer trolley stops at the Majestic Regency several times a day, offering easy access to downtown Ogunquit and Wells, the beach and other local sightseeing destinations.
Footbridge Beach Motel
Just a five-minute walk from Footbridge Beach in Ogunquit and a 10-minute drive north on Route 1 from Cape Neddick, the Footbridge Beach Motel (footbridgemotel.com) is a budget-friendly motel with pet-friendly rooms. Guests traveling with pets can choose from rooms with one king, two queen or two double beds, and the Footbridge charges an extra nightly fee and a deposit. The motel offers an outdoor swimming pool and picnic area, and the Shoreline Explorer stops here to bring you as far north as Kennebunkport and south as far as Kittery.
Coachman Inn
Heading south from Cape Neddick on Route 1, the Coachman Inn (coachmaninn.net) in Kittery provides comfortable accommodations for guests with pets. In addition to being less than a 10-minute drive from Cape Neddick, the Coachman offers easy access to the outlet shops of Kittery. The inn is also less than 10 minutes from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and the wealth of shopping, restaurants and entertainment available there. Pets can stay in rooms with one king, two queen or two double beds for an extra fee. Some rooms include a microwave and refrigerator, and you receive a complimentary continental breakfast. The Coachman Inn has a heated outdoor pool and game room.
Residence Inn Downtown Portsmouth/Waterfront
Just over the Maine border in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, the Residence Inn Downtown Portsmouth/Waterfront (residenceinn.com) is 12 miles from Cape Neddick. The all-suites hotel accepts pets for an additional fee. The Residence Inn has 128 suites with separate sleeping, living and eating areas. The suites include a fully equipped kitchen with refrigerator, stove, dishwasher, dishes and utensils, and you receive a free breakfast each morning. You can swim in the indoor saltwater pool or work out in the full fitness room. The hotel charges a fee for parking, which is reduced if you stay four days or longer.
Majestic Regency: Home
Footbridge Motel: Motel Rooms
Caochman Inn: Home
Residence Inn Downtown Portsmouth/Waterfront: Fact Sheet
Visit Maine: Cape Neddick "The Nubble"
An adjunct instructor at Central Maine Community College, Kristen Hamlin is also a freelance writer on topics including lifestyle, education, and business. She is the author of Graduate! Everything You Need to Succeed After College (Capital Books), and her work has appeared in Lewiston Auburn Magazine, Young Money, USA Today and a variety of online outlets. She has a B.A. in Communication from Stonehill College, and a Master of Liberal Studies in Creative Writing from the University of Denver.
Ogunquit, Maine for Tourists
Places to Stay in Bangor, Maine Near Waterfront Park
Weekend Getaways in Maine
Oceanfront Lodging in Portland, Maine
Oceanfront Vacations in Maine
East Coast US Travel»
Maine Travel»
Pet Friendly Hotels in Maine»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Oct. 5 — Well, here we go again. Another red-hot scientific scandal. This time, anthropologists and geneticists are getting a noisy wake-up call.
A book written by journalist Patrick Tierney, titled Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon, will be published next month. It raises a stink so high that the space station astronauts will get a whiff of it.
Tierney alleges that some big stars in science were likely either involved in a horrific biological experiment on the isolated Amazonian Yanomamo Indian tribe or in fabrication of scientific data while conducting ethnographic studies in the region.
If enough genuine dirt appears to seep out from beneath the rug surrounding these allegations, there should be a federal criminal investigation. These days, with so much conflict of interest and ugly, aggressive partisanship built into the fabric of scientific enterprise, anyone trusting science to police itself is probably ignorant of scientific politics.
One suggestion in Tierney's book is that the late geneticist James Neel may have helped launch a deadly measles epidemic in 1968 among the Yanomamo. Hundreds, maybe thousands, died of measles about the time that several communities of the tribe were inoculated (for reasons that remain unclear) with a controversial ? and, some say, dangerous and inappropriate — live-virus measles vaccine known as Edmonston B.
Some of this research, funded by the Atomic Energy Commission, was conducted in the context of the agency's need to test for genetic mutation in a population that had not been contaminated by radiation. The commission needed Yanomamo blood samples.
Did Neel help trigger this epidemic so that he could test a genetic theory? Did his notion of the existence of a "leadership" gene motivate him to determine whether genetically superior Yanomamo could successfully fight off an invasion of a new virus? Did he view the isolated Yanomamo, who live in the Amazon basin of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela, as providing him with the dream condition for testing his theory?
These are some of the dicey questions now circulating in anthropological circles, and will require some answers.
Tierney's book also raises disturbing questions about the ethics and credibility of Napoleon Chagnon, Neel protégé and co-Yanomamo researcher and possible co-conspirator in the measles epidemic. Chagnon is currently professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Chagnon is famous for his portrayal of the Yanomamo as fiercely warlike, and for providing strong fuel, on the basis of his research in the Amazon, for the theory that men are the movers of evolutionary change because they are biologically primed to be violent and thereby compete aggressively for sexual access to women.
Some of his fellow anthropologists have long blasted Chagnon for what they call slovenly research. And now Tierney comes along and alleges that Chagnon has not only cooked his data but staged fights on film to promote his views that the Yanomamo are savages.
As you might well imagine, critics of these two men are gearing up for a major battle against those who defend them. Chagnon considers the charges in the book to be ludicrous, the net effect of a long-standing political feud within anthropology about the nature of being human.
The American Anthropological Association will play host to some of this argument at its annual meeting next month.
Any investigation should move beyond academic rants. This episode in science can't be left to the fox who guards the chicken coop.
The same Atomic Energy Commission (predecessor to the Department of Energy) that sponsored radiation experiments in the mid-1970s without knowledge or consent of its 16,000 subjects, including hospital patients, prisoners and mentally disabled children, is once again at the heart of scandal.
It was only in 1993, after considerable pressure was applied by activists and survivors, that the Clinton administration acknowledged the commission's role in the radiation experiments.
We'd better get some real answers from law enforcement authorities about the Yanomamo research — and fast.


First 12 holes at Pebble. Wind, high rough, balata balls, persimmon, and a textbook display of great shot making.
This is an absolute ball-striking parade! And this, after they are quite up there in years also. And of course using the proper equipment as well. Such a beautiful classic track too. This was an absolute joy to watch. It'd love to see the entire round.
The best players in the world, who have all day to work on their games, and access to the best gear playing on beautifully manicured golf courses, playing in the prime years of their career and then when we see them really on their games in contention.... we should be seeing very few poorly struck golf shots. Hitting the ball in the fairway should be a given at this level. A ball missing the fairway should only be a slight run off into the first rough cut, but at least down the correct side of the fairway. Missing greens with short irons should almost never happen. Mid irons rarely, and we should expect to see even long irons hitting the greens more often than not. Greens that are missed should rarely be on the wrong side. Long and left almost never. This match here is a good example of two greats playing a level of golf that should be expected. To me, this is inspiring. It makes me want to improve my own golf, and reminds me of the possibilities of our own human potential.
While there certainly is entertainment value in seeing "scrambling" golf.. and a skill set in that also... I am much more impressed by watching masterful ball control from tee to green regardless of how boring that may be to some.
What is exciting to me is to see if the rock solid ball striker can hold up on the Sunday back nine at a major. Where the demands put upon the player's positioning of the golf ball are intensified and if poor shots come, it's due to mental pressure, questionable decision making, or just rattled nerves in general.
When I see a great player move through this process, basically unscathed, and they did so playing proper traditional golf gear on a course that clearly penalizes poorly struck or miss judged golf shots, and also having to play all the clubs in the bag.... short, mid and long iron approaches into greens that have been designed for those various shot trajectories, only then do I get the feeling I have witnesses something of great golf spectacle. But I don't think it is only my impression, I get the feeling the players themselves also have achieved something special within themselves. The feeling of great human accomplishment by mastering a very difficult and demanding game in many ways unlike any other game that has ever been invented.
Wow just look at that Nicklaus swing comparison at the end. The young Jack didn't half slot the club with a hell of a knee bend...low, left exit... any gif experts out there up to the challenge? NRG?
Get em before the novelty wears off.
Interesting stuff thanks NRG.... There are definately some differences going on there, most notably post impact if you compare the shoulder rotation and where the club reappears. Really amazing superslot going on too for the young bear, from across the line the next shot the shaft is 90 degrees to the spine.
I can't get this file to play.
It's actually posted in "flash" format. You just need a flash player.
But I think there are still flash players out there.


Christian Barry, Professor of Philosophy and Co-Editor of Journal of Political Philosophy sits down with Sarah Scoffield from Wiley's Global Research Team to discuss the advantages of being an early career researcher, the issues they face, and his own experiences when starting out in his career.
Listen to his conversation below. Or, scroll down further to read the transcript.
Sarah Scoffield: Hello, my name is Sarah Scoffield from Wiley's Global Research team and I am joined today by Professor Christian Barry, co-editor of the Journal of Political Philosophy and Professor of Philosophy at Australian National University. Christian will be talking to us today about issues affecting early career scholars in the humanities and particular issues affecting those reading or researching political philosophy and related disciplines. Thank you for joining us Christian.
Christian Barry: I am happy to join you, thank you for having me.
SS: So, moving on to our first question today. In your experience, what strengths have you found early career scholars bring to the writing and publishing process?
CB: Well, one of the strengths they bring is that they often have new and interesting ideas. Sometimes new scholars who are just starting off also have a lot more support and critical attention being given to their work, for example, when they are entering the end stages of their PHD. We don't all to continue to enjoy as much attention and critical feedback on our writing as we go on, so a lot of the time some of the most interesting things that we receive actually is from fairly early stage researchers.
SS: Okay well that sounds encouraging. And what particular qualities or skills would you say political philosophers learn on the job or from their work? What do you think sets them apart from other Humanities scholars?
CB: Well, a lot of the things you have to learn on the job in of any discipline is what you can actually accomplish in a paper. The journal that I co-edit publishes articles of about 10,000 words and one of the tendencies that people have when they start writing is they try to do too much in a short piece of writing. A lot of what you learn is how to recognize there are a lot of issues that are relevant to what you are writing about, but that you can't really go into, so you have to learn how to effectively shunt off to the side. It is tempting to explore other interesting topics but you can't. I also think that one of the things that is valuable about having young people go into political philosophy is that often they are very interested in politics and engaged in politics. They are often aware of new kinds of debates that maybe haven't been given critical attention by academics and philosophers to the same extent, but that are effectively driving social movements and people that are more actively engaged in politics. So that's another important valuable addition that young scholars give to our work.
SS: Okay. When it comes to any particular problems or common mistakes that you have come across that early career scholars might be tempted to do. Have you come across anything like that?
CB: Yeah, I suppose some of the things I have mentioned before, the tendency to try and do too much in one particular piece of work. You have to make a series of points in a series of articles and I think one thing I was most surprised is the way my seniors were able to develop a fairly small idea into a pretty elaborate paper. Something that I wouldn't have thought would have warranted a paper but in working with them we developed an interesting paper on just this one little idea. So learning how to be more of a miniaturist is in some way one of the things you need to learn how to do. Another thing, obviously, is that I think that often people are not as careful as they might be in choosing where to submit their work. You really have to have a lot of self-awareness in recognizing whether the kinds of things you are writing about are really suitable to the journal that you are sending it to. Does the thing you are writing seem like the kind of things that the journal is publishing? Also, just making sure to get good advice about where to send things because the review process can take a while we're a relatively efficient journal but still we reject a lot of articles without sending them out to referees to save people time, and to save the office the time. But a lot of times articles can get caught up in the review process for 3-4 months and effectively the people get a few comments and just straight rejection. That kind of delay is particularly costly earlier in your career. Later in your career it doesn't matter all that much because you have a lot in the pipeline. It's really important what happens in that period of a year or two in that early scholar's life that can make a huge difference to the trajectory in the career. So I think being really careful in making judgments about where to send things and really making sure the things they do send out is ready to be sent out. In that sense, they do have some advantages as long as they have good supervision and good people who have been mentors to them who have invested interest in their work. I think that's probably the most important thing to try and guard against early on.
SS: So something I hear from some of my editors quite often is that it's not really enough to scan the aims and scope and see whether your work fits with the journal. It's about reading the actual articles the journal publishes and seeing how your work might fit in.
CB: Yeah, I think that's right and having sort of a realistic sense of where your work is– I mean that's really difficult to do, of course. It's also difficult sometimes to get feedback from people because nobody really wants to tell another person that their work isn't really at the sufficient level to be sent to a certain kind of an elite journal yet. But I think it's important to try to seek that help and try to get brutally honest feedback because it's really not helping you otherwise. I have even encountered it myself where I realized I didn't really have a clear sense where particular pieces of work fit and consequently wasted a fair bit of time trying to place them.
SS: Okay, well moving on to something slightly different. My general impression is that Humanities scholars have to defend the value and practically of their subject a lot, and more so than STEM subjects. What's it like having to deal with that, especially within Philosophy?
CB: Yeah, I certainly think that's true within Philosophy generally. I think that political philosophers like me have a bit of an advantage in that at least most of the work that we do is extensively trying to take up active live questions of public life and debate them. So, you know, even though its sometimes difficult to make a case that your work has real practical relevance in the sense that it's likely to be picked up by any major political party. It is at least trying to engage with the live questions of today and to get people to reflect on the kinds of principles that might be used to justify different kinds of responses to policy choices or questions of institutional design. So in that regard I think political philosophy has an advantage. On the other hand the fact that it is to engage with questions of public life and you are often interested in these kinds of things often it can seem really kind of futile. The kinds of issues you are taking up, especially if you are working in questions of ideal theory of how we should really ideally design our social institutions. It can be pretty dispiriting when these events that actually are in contemporary political life are falling so far short of anything like that. The practical fraction that you could actually get with those theories may seem to be fairly minimal.
SS: Would you say it has much of an effect on morale within the discipline or does it kind of steel you more in a sense to discuss these issues and do what philosophers do?
CB: When you feel things in contemporary public life are taking a turn for the worst? Something like that? I think it partly depends. To one extent it can be very motivating because there are new phenomenons you have to think about. For example, a lot of the recent events around the world in Britain, the US, South America, and elsewhere has raised a lot of questions about democracy, its value, its stability, what can we do to safeguard it from the rise of the demagogues, in some cases. If you look at what has occurred in Venezuela. Or what you can do to safeguard it from various kinds of influences of social movements that may be distorting all kinds of facts about things. These political events press you to think about your commitment to your institutions. What principles are alive and how they can be improved. So in that sense it can be quite motivating. On the other hand, yes it can be dispiriting and that some of the questions philosophers are interested in seem sometimes to be– not just philosophers, but activists as well. For example, people write about the questions of global poverty. Sometimes solving problems like global poverty seem so terribly far away when the issues are defending various kinds of civil liberties within advanced democracy, preventing a violent conflict from being around a society or violent conflict internationally….that sort of thing. It seems the things that seem really critical and important may seem rather far away then what you are focusing on in your work which can be really demotivating, I suppose.
SS: It is fascinating talking about it and I don't think we should let world events or particular trends in funding that affect your passion for the job. I think it's vital that philosophers and political philosophers continue to do this. Christian, on that note, I think we can close for today and thank you so much for sharing your thoughts and time with us. It's been wonderful to hear your take on these matters.
CB: My pleasure thanks for talking to me.
SS: Thank you and everyone I hope you enjoy the rest of the Wiley Humanities Festival. Thank you.


text:
Q: Is String Literal in C really not modifiable? As far as I know, a string literal can't be modified for example:
char* a = "abc";
a[0] = 'c';

That would not work since string literal is read-only. I can only modify it if:
char a[] = "abc";
a[0] = 'c';

However, in this post,
Parse $PATH variable and save the directory names into an array of strings, the first answer modified a string literal at these two places:
path_var[j]='\0';
array[current_colon] = path_var+j+1;

I'm not very familiar with C so any explanation would be appreciated.

A: In programming, there are quite a few rules that are up to you to follow, even though they are not — necessarily — enforced.  And "String literals in C are not modifiable" is one of those.  So is "Strings returned by getenv should not be modified".
There are some real-world analogies that apply.  Here's one: If you're at an intersection, and the light is red, you're not supposed to cross.  But, much of the time, if you break the rule, and cross, you might get away with it.  You might get a ticket from a policeman — or you might not.  You might cause a crash — or you might not.  But if you get lucky, and neither of these things happens, that does not imply that crossing the intersection against the red light was okay — it's still quite true that it was very much against the rules.
Similarly, in C, if you write some code that modifies a string literal, or a string returned from getenv, you might get away with it.  The compiler might give you a warning or error message — or it might not.  Your program might crash — or it might not.  But if the program seems to work, that does not imply that these strings are actually modifiable — they're not.

A: Code blocks from the post you linked:
const char *orig_path_var = getenv("PATH");
char *path_var = strdup(orig_path_var ? orig_path_var : "");

const char **array;
array = malloc((nb_colons+1) * sizeof(*array));
array[0] = path_var;
array[current_colon] = path_var+j+1;

First block:

*

*In the 1st line getenv() returns a pointer to a string which is pointed to by orig_path_var. The string that get_env() returns should be treated as a read-only string as the behaviour is undefined if the program attempts to modify it.

*In the 2nd line strdup() is called to make a duplicate of this string. The way strdup() does this is by calling malloc() and allocating memory for the size of the string + 1 and then copying the string into the memory.

*Since malloc() is used, the string is stored on the heap, this allows us to edit the string and modify it.

Second block:

*

*In the 1st line we can see that array points to a an array of char * pointers. There is nb_colons+1 pointers in the array.

*Then in the 2nd line the 0th element of array is initilized to path_var (remember it is not a string literal, but a copy of one).

*In the 3rd line, the current_colonth element of array is set to path_var+j+1. If you don't understand pointer arithmetic, this just means it assigns the address of the j+1th char of path_var to array[current_colon].

As you can see, the code is not operating on const string literals like orig_path_var. Instead it uses a copy made with strdup(). This seems to be where your confusion stems from so take a look at this:

char *strdup(const char *s);

The strdup() function returns a pointer to a new string which is a duplicate of the string s. Memory for the new string is obtained with malloc(3), and can be freed with free(3).

The above text shows what strdup() does according to its man page.
It may also help to read the malloc() man page.

A: In the example
char* a = "abc";

the token "abc" produces a literal object in the program image, and denotes an expression which yields that object's address.
In the example
char a[] = "abc";

The token "abc" is serves as an array initializer, and doesn't denote a literal object. It is equivalent to:
char a[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 0 };

The individual character values of "abc" are literal data is recorded somewhere and somehow in the program image, but they are not accessible as a string literal object.
The array a isn't a literal, needless to say. Modifying a doesn't constitute modifying a literal, because it isn't one.
Regarding the remark:

That would not work since string literal is read-only.

That isn't accurate. The ISO C standard (no version of it to date) doesn't specify any requirements for what happens if a program tries to modify a string literal. It is undefined behavior. If your implementation stops the program with some diagnostic message, that's because of undefined behavior, not because it is required.
C implementations are not required to support string literal modification, which has the benefits like:

*

*standard-conforming C programs can be translated into images that can be be burned into ROM chips, such that their string literals are accessed directly from that ROM image without having to be copied into RAM on start-up.

*compilers can condense the storage for string literals by taking advantage of situations when one literal is a suffix of another. The expression "string" + 2 == "ring" can yield true. Since a strictly conforming program will not do something like "ring"[0] = 'w', due to that being undefined behavior, such a program will thereby avoid falling victim to the surprise of "string" unexpectedly turning into "stwing".

A: There are several reasons for which you had better not to modify them:

*

*The first is that the operating system and/or the compiler can enforce the non-writable property of string literals, putting them in read-only memory (e.g. ROM) or in the .text segment.

*second, the compiler is allowed to merge string literals together, so if you modify (and do it successfully) you can get surprises later because other literals (that have been merged because e.g. one of them is a suffix of the other) change apparently by no reason.

*if you need an initialized string that is modifiable, you can do it by allocating an array with a declaration, as in (which you can freely modify):

char array[100] = "abc"; // initialized to { 'a' ,'b', 'c', '\0',
                         //         /* and 96 more '\0' characters */
                         // };


Antibiotic-resistant superbugs are a growing fear in today's pharmaceutical-reliant society. The temptation to take medication, even when it's not really needed, is causing bacteria to evolve right before our eyes and develop resistances to many modern medicines.
Three TRU professors, Heidi Huttunen-Hennelly, Kingsley Donkor and Naowarat "Ann" Cheeptham, are working to combat superbugs by pioneering new antibiotic research with the help of a handful of dedicated science students.
Huttunen-Hennelly's specialty is in designing antimicrobial peptides. Peptides are short chains of amino acids that, when designed in certain ways, will help combat pathogenic bacteria.
Despite the success so far, it's uncertain whether or not any of these will ever see commercial use.
Huttunen-Hennelly's research instead focuses on achieving a better understanding of how antimicrobial peptides work, something Huttunen-Hennelly said is merely acknowledged in the majority of papers, instead of examined.
Cheeptham studies bacteria found in caves to look for those which exhibit antimicrobial properties. Because many caves are more difficult to access, the bacteria in them, which are classified as extremophile bacteria because of the harsh conditions they live in, are not as often studied.
Cheeptham takes these bacteria found in caves and cultures them under ideal conditions in the hopes of producing a usable antimicrobial agent.
Cheeptham has had great success with this, finding a relatively large number of bacteria that have antimicrobial properties. In an underwater cave that Cheeptham examined, nine of the 266 microbes had antimicrobial properties.
Donkor's focus is on lantibiotics, a relatively new type of antibiotic that differs from regular antibiotics in terms of chemical structures.
Despite the work Cheeptham is doing searching for antimicrobial bacteria to combat superbugs, she doesn't want to paint the picture of bacteria as the enemy.
Lantibiotics are used in milk, as a chemical-free method of spraying crops and for treating diseases in livestock. They are considered safe by the Food and Drug Administration, which is why they're used in food production.
Despite this, there's no clear understanding of the way they work. The prevailing theory is that lantibiotics work by attaching to a structure on the outside of the cell, called lipid two, and then they create holes in the cell, leaking out vital nutrients and starving it.
Donkor's research aims to better understand the way in which lantibiotics work to improve their effectiveness in their applications, both in the food industry and in human patients.
Donkor, Cheeptham and Huttunen-Hennelly don't work alone though. They all work with undergraduate and graduate students in their labs. These students help with the research and gain valuable hands-on experience in the lab. Donkor calls the students an invaluable part of the research process.
"Whatever I do, I want to make sure I share the credit with my students," Donkor said.


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SALT LAKE CITY -- A Provo man has pleaded guilty to torturing a kitten and possessing drugs, CBS affiliate KUTV reports.
Spencer Pedersen, 26, was originally charged with two counts of torturing a companion animal and two counts of possessing drugs. Monday in Fourth District Court, Pedersen pleaded guilty to one count of torturing a companion animal and one count of possessing heroin. The other two charges were dropped.
Pedersen is scheduled to be sentenced January 24.
Pedersen was arrested in November after Provo police officers said they found a kitten on fire and had to later euthanize the animal.
While investigating, police said, they found a dead cat in Pedersen's trash as well as heroin and drug paraphernalia. A neighbor also reported finding another dead kitten in Pedersen's dog run, police said.
Police told KUTV in November they believed Pedersen may have killed as many as 11 cats. However, he was just charged with two counts of torturing a companion animal.
Pedersen's plea deal prompted a strong reaction from the Humane Society of Utah. The group said allowing charges to be dropped sends the wrong message.
Pedersen faces a sentence of zero to five years in prison for each count.


On March 4, 1987, the newly formed water district was issued Conditional Certificate of Conformance No. 284 by the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) and operate as a quasi-public entity.
Fortunately for the water district, its situation was succeeded by positive developments in the operation because of the two existing water resources, the Pan-As Falls and Pasungon falls. These water sources were not adequate to serve CCWD's concessionaires and other nearby barangay and municipality on a 24-hour basis and this was resolve when further the works were done between 1994-1998 under the advance implementation of the comprehensive improvement project.
The Municipal Water Supply Project funded under the ADB Program using the Himonini River as source started and the new water supply system comprehensive improvement project was completed January 17, 2001. With this additional source, it augmented the Water District's supply and increases the service area coverage with zoning nos. 1 to 49 comprising different barangays along Brgy. Sigo, city proper to Brgy. Carayman. We are now also serving the Municipality of Sta. Margarita. The CCWD has 16,357 total service connections out of which there are 13,764 active service connections as of December 2018. At present, the district is utilizing two (2) water sources. The Himonini River and Pasungon.Pan-As sources will soon be tapped to supplement the existing supply.
authorizing the formulation of local water districts. This purposely to improve the entire water system and to provide safe, potable, reliable and sufficient water supply to the constituents of the City.


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text:
Irish Wrecks
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Irish Wrecks Links
Ouzel Galley
Reputedly a trading vessel, the story of the Ouzel Galley has become mired in folklore and fiction. It was a ship that had supposedly set sail from Dublin before the turn of the 17th century and unexpectedly returned some years later. As the ship was assumed lost, an aggravated and protracted insurance claim was only settled after the intervention of a committee of Dublin merchants. Their arbitration was seen as a success and opportune, and the committee, based on the number and ranks of the Ouzel's crew, was formalised and continued as The Ouzel Galley Society.
There is no documentary or historical evidence to support this story, until the Society comes into regular mention during the middle of 18th century. Although sometimes called a club, it remained a successful institution of arbitration until the middle of the 19th century.
The Society was instrumental in the establishment of the Dublin Chamber of Commerce in 1783, and although it has long since ceased to arbitrate, it nevertheless survives to this day. Its present purpose is unclear, and has remained a cloaked appendage of the Dublin Chamber of Commerce. Based on the original model of 'ship's crew', 40, in number, it consists solely of past presidents.
During the Dublin Chamber of Commerce bicentenary's celebrations in 1983, a special postage stamp was commissioned with the Society's prized glass goblet on, and a franking stamp, which included a number of Masonic related symbols. The same symbols also appear on the 'insignia chain' presented to the Dublin Chamber of Commerce by William Martin Murphy in 1913. Research into its origins continues.
Our web site is named after the ship and the legend and is dedicated to stories of shipwreck of various kinds, but especially those surrounded by mystery or incidents with historical twists of fate. It is also intended to review many 'stories' from the sea that have remained unchallenged.
We wish to acknowledge The Heritage Council for their support in the past and for the support they give to numerous projects every year.
Ireland's National Maritime Museum is housed in Dun Laoghaire's 180-year-old Mariners Church, directly opposite the new DLR Lexicon library and easily accessible by DART suburban train and several bus services. The museum's greatest artefact is probably the building itself as it is one of a few custom built places of worship for seafarers remaining intact in the world to-day.
This site is dedicated to the Coastguards who lived and worked around the Irish coastline between the 18th and early 20th centuries. It includes a collection of CG station photos as well as facts and figures about the people , births, deaths, census information, etc. I have also included some fascinating accounts of bravery during rescues from shipwrecks as well as interesting Extracts of shipwrecks and rescues, etc.
The Museum is located in Dungarvan, Co. Waterford, Ireland and is dedicated to preserving and promoting the history of the locality. As our Museum is operational largely through voluntary effort we rely on the generosity of the public – both financially, and in terms of the donation of artifacts.
Waterford County Museum is open 10.00 a.m.- 5.00 p.m., Monday - Friday and admission is free. We warmly welcome all visitors to the area.
The Irish Underwater Council (CFT) is the national governing body for recreational underwater sports in Ireland. It was founded in 1963 to organise and promote sport scuba diving and snorkelling and has grown since then to incorporate over 80 clubs around the Country. CFT is ISO accredited, highlighting our professionalism, instruction skills and individual development. If you are interested in learning to Scuba Dive or Snorkel our doors are always open to the complete beginner as well as the more experienced Diver. Our objectives are to allow you to develop the skills required to excel at this amazing activity within a friendly, safe, professional and continually developing environment.
Arklow Maritime Museum
A treasure trove of maritime memorabilia & seafearing history waiting to be explored.
© 2021 - Irish Wrecks


So for the good! We moved! (and if you're thinking didn't you just move last year? Yes, yes we did. And the one before that too.) It was very up in the air, in the way leases and rentals can be, but we moved to our first house (not a condo or apartment) at the beginning of this month. And this time we have a two year lease! We are really, really loving it. Almost every day I feel like, is this a dream? But so far it's not, and I'll take it. The living room windows face the backyard(!) and these beautiful woods. I call them the Enchanted Forest (of course!) There are a lot of favorite things about our new home, but one is definitely, definitely my piano. When we looked at the house there's this little nook right by the staircase, literally the perfect size for a piano. I saw it and told Landon I had to have one. So I found this beautiful instrument on Craigslist, got a phenomenal deal on it, and am really happy beyond words about it. Alia & I play it every day and now I just don't know what I would do without it. A couple more house pictures… Hope all is well wherever you are!


The 115th Congress convened on Jan. 3, and legislators wasted no time introducing bills and resolutions of interest to workers.
01/25/2017 - Last weekend, Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States of America. After the election, President Dimondstein pledged to work with President Trump and all elected representatives to achieve the APWU's goals to defend good service, protect good union jobs and preserve our national treasure.
At the beginning of the new year, President Dimondstein wrote a letter to President Trump, to continue the conversation about the fiscal challenges facing the USPS and the importance of a vibrant public Postal Service for all Americans. The letter is reprinted below.
APWU Gets Out the Vote!
after participating in a phone bank.
Read more about APWU Gets Out the Vote!
I want to commend all the members who engaged in the political process of the 2016 election season, those who registered voters, knocked on doors, phone banked, distributed materials, worked the polls and helped get out the vote.
the Physicians for a National Health Program, on Nov. 18.
Director of Industrial Relations Vance Zimmerman.


text:
Richardson and Co v. Stoner, Hunter, and Ker (1783)
Robert Macaulay and Others v. John Angus (1783)
George-Alexander Gordon v. Janet Gordon (1784)
Isabel Howison v. John Howison (1784)
James Buchanan and John Auld v. Adam Grant (1784)
Janet Duncan v. John Sloss (1785)
James Goodfellow v. Andrew Madder (1785)
James Ayton v. James Bruce (1785)
Alexander Fergusson, and Others v. The Magistrates of Glasgow (1786)
Robert Fram and Others v. The Magistrates of Dumbarton (1786)
Alexander Duncan, and Others v. The Magistrates of Aberdeen (1786)
Abraham Delvalle, and Others v. The Creditors of the York-Buildings Company (1786)
Marshall, Hamilton, and Company v. John Crawford and John Barns (1786)
Richard Thomson v. Messrs Douglas, Heron, and Company (1786)
Helen Scott v. Jerdon and Caverhill
Duncan Stewart v. Lieutenant Alexander Graeme (1799)
John Syme v. Anne Ranaldson Dickson (1799)
Solicitor of Tithes v. The Earl and Countess of Fife (1799)
The Deans of the Chapel Royal and their Lessees v. Robert Hay and Others, Heritors of the Parish of Ettrick (1799)
Patrick Cunninghame v. The Magistrates and Town-Council of Edinburgh (1800)
The Society of Solicitors before the Court of Session, &c v. The Keeper, Commissioners, and Society of Clerks to the Signet (1800)
Andrew Wauchope and Others v. The Magistrates of Canongate (1800)
William Baxter v. Bell and Maxwell and Others (1800)
Samuel Hawkins, and Others, Personal Creditors of the late John, Earl of Glencairn v. Simon Taylor, and Others, Trustees of William Cunningham Cunningham Graham (1800)
Countess Dowager of Glencairn v. William Cunningham Cunningham Graham (1800)
Armstrong and Son, and Others v. Thomas Moffat and Others (1800)
Lindsay and Allan v. John Campbell (1800)
Isabel Howie, Martha Buik, and the Kirk-Session of Alyth v. The Kirk-Sessions of Arbroath and St Vigean's (1800)
The Heritors and Kirk-Session of the Parish of Dalmellington v. The Magistrates, Minister and Kirk-Session of Irvine (1800)
Alexander Kinloch and Others v. James Rocheid (1800)
John Boog and Attorney v. The Common Agent in the Ranking of Margaret Watt's Creditors (1800)
Thomas Leishman v. The Magistrates of Ayr (1800)
Jean Colville v. William Lauder (1800)
Sir Ralph Abercromby v. John Francis Erskine (1800)
Earl of Mansfield v. The Duke of Queensberry, and other Heritors of the Parish of Dornock (1800)
Jean Farquharson v. Alexander Anderson (1800)
Campbell and Others, posterior Adjudgers v. The Common Agent for the Postponed Creditors in the Ranking of the Creditors of Charles Maclean of Kinlochaline (1802)
Rollo v. Irving and Others (1801)
Susanna Frances Tasker v. Richard Mercer (1801)
Yelton and others v. Smith and others (1801)
Thomas Wake and Attorney v. Hillary Bauerman & Son, and Jacob Runke Jacobs (1801)


Cut slit in jalapeños lengthwise with a paring knife and remove seeds. Leave stems intact.
In a large bowl, combine cream cheese, cheddar and cilantro, and mix well. Stuff jalapeños generously with cheese mixture.
Warm 2 inches of oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat until it reaches 375°F.
Fry a few peppers at a time in hot oil until golden brown, 3 to 5 minutes. Drain on paper towels. Return oil to 375°F before beginning next batch. Serve warm.
I believe it says to FRY a few at a time? Pretty sure that means to fry.
Um, it says to "heat the oil"..later it says to "fry" the peppers. So I'm not sure how people don't know what to do with the oil? Good recipe, easy to make.
There is something missing from this recipe...the part where you do something with the oil. I assume that after you roll the jalapenos in the crumbs you fry them in the oil. That part is missing from recipe.
How in the heck can you rate a recipe without trying it first? So much for common sense! Very yummy and easy!


text:
Rock and Roll All Nite è una canzone dei Kiss originariamente contenuta nell'album Dressed to Kill del 1975.

Descrizione
Il brano (composto da Gene Simmons e da Paul Stanley) è stato pubblicato come singolo per la prima volta il 2 aprile del 1975 in versione studio (assieme al brano Getaway pubblicato come lato B), e successivamente il 14 ottobre dello stesso anno in versione live (è stata infatti estratta dall'album Alive!, e presenta come lato B la versione registrata in studio del brano). Quest'ultima versione raggiunse il dodicesimo posto nella classifica dei singoli statunitense contribuendo al successo del brano che tuttora è uno dei più noti della band, che lo propone, sin dal 1975, in quasi tutti i suoi concerti.

La canzone, presente nella maggior parte delle compilations e degli album live della band (parte del ritornello della versione live del 1975 può essere addirittura ascoltata durante l'inizio del brano Detroit Rock City del 1976), presenta delle differenze a seconda delle versioni: la prima versione registrata in studio nel 1975 non presentava nessun assolo di chitarra, mentre tutte le versioni successive a quella in studio, ne hanno uno. La versione del brano inclusa nella compilation Smashes, Thrashes & Hits del 1988 presenta invece le parti di batteria risuonate da Eric Carr. Nella versione acustica dell'album live Kiss Unplugged del 1995 invece l'assolo è suonato una parte da Ace Frehley e un'altra da Bruce Kulick.

Nel 2014 è stata indicata come la 15ª più grande canzone pop metal da Yahoo! Music.

Tracce singoli

Rock And Roll All Nite - Versione Studio
 Lato A: Rock And Roll All Nite
 Lato B: Anything For My Baby

Rock And Roll All Nite (Live) - Versione Live
 Lato A: Rock And Roll All Nite (Live Version)
 Lato B: Rock And Roll All Nite (Studio Version)

Rock And Roll Toda La Noche (Rock And Roll All Nite) - Versione Live Argentina
 Lato A: Rock And Roll Toda La Noche (Rock And Roll All Nite)
 Lato B: Rock And Roll All Nite (Studio Version)

Formazione
 Gene Simmons - basso, voce principale
 Paul Stanley - chitarra ritmica, voce secondaria
 Peter Criss - batteria, voce secondaria
 Ace Frehley - chitarra ritmica e solista, voce secondaria

Cover dei Poison

Di Rock and Roll All Nite è stata proposta una cover da parte del gruppo statunitense Poison pubblicata come singolo tratto dall'album della colonna sonora di Al di là di tutti i limiti (1987).

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


does anyone read anything of this man's, other than 'the book of disquiet'?
Odd. I have not read any Pessoa, yet. But I just checked out a copy of The Book of Disquiet from the local library and it is on my shelf awaiting my attention.
there's a selected poems out in penguin classics and a different one in penguin modern classics. the former has a nicer title, and is longer, but the latter has a nicer cover, and is shorter. there's also a selected poems by city lights, and a centenary pessoa reader by something called plyfield books.
the centenary pessoa has a 'search inside': i cannot link the picture of the cover, on which is a picture of him (pessoa) drinking.
oh, i didn't mean for those to have line breaks. i do apologise.
I adore Pessoa, but I haven't read him in English, just French, and not in a while. Check out Antonio Tabucchi's essays and works on him.
I'm not seeing this in English, unfortunately.
I haven't read the Book of Disquiet, which looked rather dreary and too close to home. I've read at least one selected poems, the one published by Ecco, and some other things.
Search: Almost everything written by Alvaro De Campos (not just poetry, but also his essays, especially "Notes For A Non-Aristhotelic Aesthetic"); a lot of the Pessoa criticism, and short stories ("The Anarchist Banker") seems very easy to find in english); much of Ricardo Reis; that picture of him drinking wine.
I have a small biography of Pessoa with a photo of him on the cover, reminding me of Zelig.
Finally reading this guy. Finishing The Book of Disquiet and the sensations he comes up with! Its fine if he talks about himself (well not fine and dandy, he is too keen to coming across as fragmented and broken as the writings collected) but loses me when talking about the way his generation has gone, or what have you.
Must track down the Penguin classics, its 500 pages as opposed to the 250 odd pages - although there is no final version (which totally suits) I think more and more pages are what's needed.
haha yes well the only way I could justify Caeiro's poetry is to say we never look or are awed by nature so Caeiro is reprogramming us.
Going through the Larger than the Universe Collection now: much passes by, but there is some killer on this.
The futurist angle is a nice surprise -- and then not at all surprising, given his politics.
Love to read his writings on Esoterica.
Living in Portugal so long has really soured me on this dude. Still dig some of the punk rock futurist stuff and a lot of the essays, but Pessoa's carefully cultivated dourness is a big turn-off. The Book Of Disquiet is a particular offender.
How much of this is to do with living in Portugal (totally get this, its probably why I can't engage with much writing in English and run to novels from other countries and continents), and how much is it 'cultivated dourness' -- and for the latter it comes across as a very strong, crafted persona (whether he really felt this way or not is besides the point). One of the strengths of The Book of Disquiet is the fragmentary nature, you can take or leave as much as you like - it doesn't require a prolonged period of engagement with it, even if its a more powerful experience when you do read it all in one go.
Oh, it is certainly a very well crafted persona(e), and you have to hand it to the dude for pulling this through with an almost rock star level of thoroughness - from the poetry to the essays to every last photo, it's all Pessoa exactly as he wanted to be viewed, as iconic as a comic book character. And of course his real feelings are veside the point - his repping for artificiality, for the poet as faker, is still one of his most agreeable facets, to me.
I suppose what I meant by cultivated dourness is....lonelyness is a big part of his persona, and from what we can tell a big part of his actual biography as well, and said lonelyness sometimes strikes me as being a sort of discipline for Pessoa, like he's deliberatley making himself miserable in order to prove his philosophical points. Of course he isn't really depressing in any sort of traditional way, I mean, he's no Sylvia Plath...but he does have this monk-like ascetism to him, accompanied by a certain level of pedantry. I just find that sort of austerity really opressive at times.
Re: Portugal, well, short of moving, there's really no way for me to tell, is there? :) But I suppose my dislike is partly a pretty puerile reaction against Pessoa's omnipresence; I mean people always moan about classics, but in a country as small as this, I do think it hits harder to have the same damn author thrown in your face again and again and again. I mean doing a Pessoa poem is the standard "deep" thing for pop singers to do, everyone goes through a Pessoa phase, you can get your daily Pessoa quote from Facebook, etc. So he becomes the one poet who's omnipresent in both highbrow and pop-cultural contexts, and at a certain point you just can't deal with the fucker anymore.
On the other hand, at least you have a great writer everyone in the culture seems to engage with in some way. Wish I could say the same for Australia.
whats the matter with crocodile dundee?
I hadn't realized Pessoa was that much of a deal in Portugal! In my head it would have been someone like Eca De Queiros.
Queirós is reasonably well liked,but his work is too specifically tied into a certain time in portuguese history to appeal to non-readers. Also he traded in huge ol' 19th century novels, the hugest of which is still part of the high school curriculum, so there's a lot of people with an axe to grind against him.
Pessoa is better loved because he dealt in fragments, and even though much of his work is very abstract/theoretical there is still enough "simpler" stuff to connect, plus his output is reasonably vast enough that pretty much everyone can find something to enjoy. He taps into a lot of stuff - melancholy, love of nature, Ricardo Reis' eastern philosophy stuff - that plays well for a high school audience, I guess. Also, the fact that he's actually acclaimed outside Portugal - something which no other classic portuguese writer, be it Camões (most well known for getting shat on by Ezra Pound, I guess?) or Queirós or Camilo Castelo Branco, can lay a claim to - certainly doesn't hurt; foreign approval counts for a lot over here.
I'd say the only othe portugueser writers that are as well known/well liked outside literary circles as Pessoa would be Saramago and António Lobo Antunes, both of which have the particuliarity of being, you know, alive.
I hadn't realized Pessoa was that much of a deal in Portugal!
There are several great Australian writers, I didn't mean to imply not, just that even most Australians don't know who they are. The home-grown writers most seeming to get read are bloody Matthew Reilly, Bryce Courteney and Colleen McCullogh. But we're a long way from Pessoa now!
Pessoa was unacquainted with Les Murray, a leading contemporary Australian poet. It is not surprising, because their dates don't overlap.
Ern Malley is Australia's very own Pessoa.
Pessoa also wrote as Alexander Search, a Scottish engineer; Alberto Caeiro (Pessoa often called this invented character "my master"); Ricardo Reis; and Álvaro de Campos, a retired, bisexual naval engineer and melancholic with an addiction to drugs.
I don't even know if anyone looks at this thread but here's a site I've put together for a project I'm halfway through: ILB FAPpers will recognise this from last time, and readers of the ILE printing thread will have seen the link before, sorry if that's annoying..
Cool idea. I've been reading the collected poems lately. I agree that the De Campos stuff is the best.
Tim! Is March 24th still the release date of your Pessoa project? It looks so so delicious!
LBI! I ilxmailed but either you didn't want to talk or you don't check that email address.
ANYWAY publication date is tomorrow, but I've had to stop taking orders for now because I need to work out how many firm orders ("yes I will buy a copy") will turn into actual orders ("you have money").
It looks like there may be a small display of the work at an excellent bookshop in Amsterdam at some point later in the year, thrillingly.
Tim, the latter! Don't check that e-mail addres anymore, but will send ilxmail w/ new e-mail addy back!
Has Tim Hopkins, or anyone else who might be interested, seen this review?
I haven't; looks interesting from the little piece I can read. I'll try to look it out.
I did see the review. It was good in the sense that Wood let a few quotes speak for themselves, and for you to make a judgment on whether its good poetry or what have you.
The myth is the nothing that is everything.
Was because he didn't exist.
And in animating it trickles away.
We see the oxymorons immediately – nothing is everything, a dead body is alive, being has no existence, non-arrival is arrival, there can be half of nothing, life dies – and Jakobson shows in detail how they play out. I want to take them a step further, though, and suggest that for Pessoa they are just a beginning, one way of troubling language's comfort, of indicating what we might call the truth of nonsense, or the importance of the impossible. The Book of Disquiet, for example, which is not a poem or a riddle, is full of them: 'Everything wearies me, even those things that don't'; 'Not even here, where we were happy, were we happy'; 'this immortal but dying evening'. At one point the author – Pessoa and/or his literary representative, we'll come back to this partnership – highlights the 'two principles' on which his 'stylistic system' rests. First, he will match his language to his feelings, be clear when things seem clear, obscure when they seem obscure, and confused when they seem confused; and second, he will 'understand that grammar is a tool not a law'. 'An ordinary person' might say of a boyish-looking girl that she 'looks like a boy'. Another, using an oxymoron, might say, 'That girl is a boy,' but Pessoa prefers a genuine violation of the agreement between noun and pronoun: 'She's a boy.' In a more intricate move he decides he might want to use 'exist' as a transitive verb. Self-creation could be worded as 'I exist me,' and Pessoa claims that the phrase will have 'expressed a whole philosophy in three small words'.
Needless to say, he doesn't write like this, and he is never obscure or confused. But he is very lucid about the discreet war we need to wage with logic if we want to approach the actual tangles of the self and the world. The multiplied self is not an oxymoron or a grammatical problem, but it is hard to talk about. Anticipating Woody Allen's joke about how many people inhabit our psyches, Pessoa writes: 'Each one of us is two, and whenever two people meet, get close or join forces, it's rare for those four to agree.' But quite apart from making the ordinary shifts of consciousness we all know – those moments when we start to address ourselves as 'you' – Pessoa acted out self-difference with actual names. The scholars Jerónimo Pizarro and Patricio Ferrari list 136 heteronyms for him. A heteronym, for Pessoa, was a pseudonym that went beyond pseudo, it signalled the work of 'an author writing outside his own personality … the work of a complete individuality made up by him, just as the utterances of some character in a drama of his would be'. Pessoa said this in an anonymous article; and we note that whatever the names, and whatever 'outside' may mean, there's only one person doing the writing. Not the death of the author then, but as Adam Phillips shrewdly said in these pages (17 July 1997), we do see a writer who was 'acutely aware of how the author got in the way of the writing'.
Fernando Pessoa was born in Lisbon in 1888 and died there in 1935. He spent much of his childhood in South Africa, returning to Portugal when he was 17. He worked on The Book of Disquiet for large patches of his life, leaving two trunks full of drafts carefully written but not definitively collated or sifted. The earliest passages are dated 1913, the latest 1934. A version of the book appeared in Portuguese in 1982, and was at that point attributed to Bernardo Soares, an assistant bookkeeper working for a fabric firm in Lisbon. The name is a pseudonym rather than a heteronym, because although he is not exactly Pessoa – the name is not a transparent mask – he does write in a style which is, Pessoa says, 'for good or ill, my own'. 'In prose,' he adds, 'it's hard to other oneself.' Pessoa's best-known heteronyms are all poets, one of whom, Alberto Caeiro, he described as his 'master'. The effect of all this, as Pessoa well knew, is to turn his own legal name into a fiction. If we could express our surprise to him, he would no doubt ask us what else we thought a name, or indeed a personality, was. There is an engaging moment in The Book of Disquiet where Soares quotes Caeiro and identifies strongly with a particular line: 'Because I am the size of what I see.' A fiction strengthens itself through another fiction, which declares a creative relativism. Caeiro is not denying his own size, or the smallness of the rural world he likes to celebrate; only claiming that small worlds help us to imagine large spaces.
This first version of The Book of Disquiet was translated into English four times in one year: in 1991, by Margaret Jull Costa, Alfred MacAdam, Ian Watson and Richard Zenith. The last of these texts started out as The Book of Disquietude, but the longer word was soon dropped. As Jull Costa says, desassossego can be rendered as 'unease/disquiet/unrest/turmoil/anxiety'. The prefix 'desas' means what 'dis' means in most Latin-derived languages, and sossego, meaning 'calm', is remotely related to 'sedere' and our word 'session'. It is a book about not being able to sit, supposedly written by someone who, apart from his occasional walks around town, does nothing else.
Every passage in the new version, based on Jull Costa's earlier translation with new material from Pizarro's 2013 Portuguese edition, is identified by its date. Most of the early dates have question-marks, as do quite a few of the later ones, so we can no doubt look forward to many exchanges of scholarly fantasies about where to place which bit of text. There is a lot more material here, and above all there is an additional author, also a bookkeeper, also the inhabitant of a fourth-floor Lisbon flat, but a little more strenuously romantic about his non-project. 'I am the great defeat of the final army that sustained the final empire,' he writes. 'I taste of the fall of some ancient master civilisation.' Excusez du peu, as they used to say. He is called Vicente Guedes. He wrote the drafts from 1913 to 1920; those of Soares are from 1929 to 1934.
It might be hard to distinguish Guedes from Soares in the flesh, if either had flesh, and it's not unreasonable to think they both look like Pessoa. Guedes is 'a man in his thirties, thin, fairly tall, very hunched when sitting though less so when standing, and dressed with a not entirely unselfconscious negligence'. Soares describes himself as he appears in an office photograph: 'I look like a rather dull Jesuit. My thin, inexpressive face betrays no intelligence, no intensity, nothing whatever to make it stand out from the stagnant tide of the other faces.' No, there is a difference, and it's the same as the one we find in the writing. Guedes is working at being no one, Soares has already got into the habit.
'This book is the autobiography of someone who never existed,' a third-person prefatorial passage asserts, a more complicated remark than it seems, since the sentence means not only that the author as presented is fictional but that the supposedly real person behind the text didn't have much of a life – he was a sort of reverse Ulysses, failing to be although he did actually exist.
Both Guedes and Soares pause quite often to tell us what they are doing. The first says: 'This book is a single state of soul, analysed from every angle, traversed in every possible direction.' The second asserts: 'These are my Confessions and if I say nothing in them it's because I have nothing to say.' Are they telling us anything? Surely these are 'conversations with myself', as Soares says. Or as Guedes more wittily puts it, 'Only business letters are addressed to someone.' But then the wit itself gives the game away. There are plenty of writers without actual readers, there are no performers without imaginary audiences. And both of Pessoa's autobiographers situate themselves very precisely within their own history, telling themselves what only other persons would need to be told.
or rather to part of a generation, that has lost all respect for the past and all belief or hope in the future … We are convalescing … The truth is … that the things we love most, or think we love, only have their full value when we merely dream them … We would be anarchists had we been born into the classes that describe themselves as underprivileged, or into any other of the classes from which one can fall or rise … Those of us who are not pederasts wish we had the courage to be so … Bereft of illusions, we live on dreams, which are the illusions of those who cannot have illusions.
There are echoes of Baudelaire and Wilde here, parallels with figures to be found in the work of Eliot and Virginia Woolf. And throughout the book, early, middle and late, there are grand posturings about the horrible necessity of having to do something, or anything. 'Living seems to me a metaphysical mistake on the part of matter, an oversight on the part of inaction.' This tone is more Symbolist than Modernist perhaps, and Soares himself speaks of Decadence. I'm thinking of the great line in Villiers de l'Isle-Adam's Axël: 'As for living, our servants will do that for us.' Guedes and Soares often seem to be saying something like, 'As for living, we can pretend we don't have to do it.' Or more fearfully: 'Above all, let's not become indistinguishable from our servants.' Soares does write of 'the suffocating quality of the ordinary'.
Soares doesn't reveal himself quite so much, but he has a stronger analytic sense of his own condition, which in many cases is ours as well. 'We are all accustomed to think of ourselves as essentially mental realities and of others as merely physical realities.' 'I am more like myself than I would care to think.' 'After us the deluge, but only after all of us.' The idea of knowledge haunts him. A 'sudden notion of the true nature' of his being 'weighs on [him] as if it were a sentence not to death but to knowledge'. This sentence would then itself be a terminal miscarriage of justice. 'To know oneself is to err … . And to consciously unknow oneself is the active task of irony.' Even writing is no way to deal with 'the dissatisfaction of the bourgeois I am not and the sadness of the poet I can never be'.
I am the outskirts of some non-existent town, the long-winded prologue to an unwritten book … I'm a character in a novel as yet unwritten, hovering in the air and undone before I've even existed, among the dreams of someone who never quite managed to breathe life into me.
It's astonishing to see how precisely the Ulysses poem answers these cries, confirms and refutes them. The myth is everything because it's nothing, it wouldn't be a myth if it was real. But we wouldn't need myths if so-called reality didn't let us down so frequently. The mythical founder of the city, like the spellbound writer and his precious dolls, like the unreal outskirts, the windy prologue and the unwritten character, will stay with us as long as the myth holds, the false magic is actually true for a while. Or true in its way all the time, just not practical or verifiable – we know that the myth is a myth and that the novel isn't written.
In all I write. No.
I don't use the heart.
Looking onto something else beyond.
It is the latter which is beautiful.
Serious about that which is not.
Feelings? Let the reader feel!
[*] The translation, slightly modified, is by David Butler in Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems (2004).
I did not know that you were mentioned in the introduction, Tim - congratulations - that is great and I believe well deserved.
It is curious for me to read about this book (whose content I don't think Wood really explains) as, apparently, a book with lots of consecutive pages which add up to something, etc, because I have come to think of it as this box that Tim Hopkins made with matchboxes, envelopes etc inside, each with epigrams on them.
Thanks! You can read the introduction here if you're interested: https://serpentstail.com/media/previews/9781781258644_preview.pdf - I'm mentioned very near the end. As ever, I should say how helpful and nice Margaret Jull Costa and Serpent's Tail were in letting me have at their text.