Daily exposure to sun and lack of proper nutrition that includes excessively processed fast food hampers the health of skin. Women in their early 30s begin to show signs of ageing. Here are some simple steps that can be taken to prevent it.
1. Eat the Correct Foods: Body cells have a tendency to regenerate daily. This activity cannot be fully achieved unless and until one eats wholesome food and have proper intake of water that will keep the skin hydrated. Poor diet lacking in nutrients and anti oxidants promote premature ageing. Avoid high sugar diet. Remember high alcohol consumption causes loss of water and promotes early ageing.
2. Follow a Moisturizing Regime: Light upward strokes and application of moisturizers on a regular basis helps the skin get rejuvenated. Do not stretch skin too much to prevent pre-mature aging.
3. Have Herbal Tea: Green teas and herbal teas have significant levels of antioxidants that can hold back ageing. Coffee and other caffeinated drinks have a diuretic effect that causes internal dehydration and make the skin dry and mature. Replace coffee with green and herbal tea.
4. Exercise daily: Exercising always keeps the skin to look youthful. Exercising pattern such as aerobics would help improve and increase blood circulation in the body and also helps transfer all essential nutrients to the right places.
5. Stay Stress Free: Stress produces free radicals that can damage cells and so there is a risk of premature ageing. Meditation, yoga, gardening, walking, playing with pets, etc can help to stay stress and wrinkle free.
6. Avoid Smoking: Smoking damages the collagen that holds the skin and gives it the requisite sheen.
7. Avoid UV Rays of Sun: Excessive exposure to sun, especially without sun screen, promotes reduction in length of telomeres in body resulting in premature ageing process. Similarly, high environmental pollution causes damage to the skin. So avoid areas with high levels of environmental pollution.


Saskatoon inter-disciplinary artist Kiyari McNab has built quite a stacked artists' resume, including several gallery exhibits, and short-documentary screenings at festivals all over the continent. Such would be an impressive body of work for a mid-career artist. McNab, however, is only 18.
McNab, currently a student at Nutana Collegiate, said she's been interested in art for as long as she can remember. She grew up facing challenges in her personal and family life, but found solace in creating art.
"I never had anyone to look up to growing up. I just had people who I didn't want to be like. I decided that I wasn't going to let that stop me from doing what I wanted, and putting my story out there," said McNab.
After becoming involved in the Digital Storytelling program at the Core Neighbourhood Youth Co-op with then-coordinator Andrea Cessna, McNab found a natural proficiency in photography. Her first two public shows were exhibited in a group showing at SCYAP Gallery in Saskatoon, as part of their youth programming, where she explored ideas of relationships, culture, and identity in her photos.
In photography she not only found a natural talent, but the therapeutic benefits art can provide.
After her first two exhibits at SCYAP, McNab and Cessna began to collaborate on a short film project. They had begun to shoot a short-documentary, when a serendipitous moment happened, changing their film completely – McNab began to share a family photo-album with Cessna.
That moment resulted in Abnormal Freedom, a short-documentary co-directed by McNab and Cessna, which contemplates the relationship between memory, heritage, and perceptions of normality.
Abnormal Freedom was virtually an immediate success. It was accepted into Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, the largest documentary festival in North America. At the festival in Toronto, organizers told McNab that she was likely the youngest director at the festival, and perhaps the youngest in their history.
"When we got back from Toronto, it felt like the beginning of something new and big. A new chapter in my life," she said.
The documentary has gone on to play at festivals across North America, including the Seattle International Film Festival and Femme Wave arts festival in Calgary. McNab has since continued producing art, with photography showings at PAVED Arts, Chokecherry Studios, and a collaboration with artist Marcel Petit.
She's now planning her next film centred on missing and murdered Indigenous women, as well as working on painting and poetry. The young artist is just beginning, and hopes to continue to share more of her culture through art.


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China's former NDRC finance chief under probe
CAIXIN, Shanghai - A former director of China's top economic planner who oversaw the country's corporate bond issues between 2003-2006 is being investigated, financial news magazine Caixin reported on Wednesday, citing sources familiar with the matter.
Zhang Dongsheng, who was the general director of the National Development and Reform Commission's (NDRC) finance department, is being investigated in relation to corporate bonds issued in 2005, the influential magazine said, citing the sources.
The investigation comes on the back of a separate probe into Guosen Securities executives, Caixin added.
The NDRC is responsible for approving the issuance of bonds of more than one year by non-listed companies and non-financial firms.
Zhang was transferred to head NDRC's employment and income distribution division in 2007. Caixin said he had retired in recent months and that the probe may expose details of corruption in corporate bond issuance.
Telephone calls by Reuters to reach NDRC for comment were not answered.
Last October, domestic media reported that Chinese police were investigating three fixed-income executives from brokerage Guosen Securities including the president of its fixed income arm, Sun Mingxia.
Caixin said in Wednesday's report that Sun had provided a list of 100 people during the probe, which included Zhang's name. Zhang's department oversaw a "golden age" of corporate bond issuance from 2003-2006 under his leadership, it said.
A string of Chinese and foreign executives have come under investigation for corruption by the country's regulators as part of a wider crackdown against graft initiated by President Xi Jinping.
The Communist Party earlier this month announced an investigation into former domestic security chief Zhou Yongkang, by far the highest profile figure caught up in the country's anti-corruption campaign.
#China corruption

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC) is seeking an independent contractor with public affairs experience to provide new branding themes for the Pikeminnow Sport Reward Fishery. This annual fishery pays anglers to catch Northern Pikeminnow and is designed to reduce predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia and Snake Rivers.
PSMFC is seeking quotes from qualified independent contractors who will be available to support and maintain the PSMFC Audio/Visual (AV) and teleconferencing equipment located in two conference rooms in Portland, OR and one conference room in Kennewick, WA. The goal of the AV support is to maintain the hardware and software in the 3 conference rooms and trouble shoot any problems.
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC) intends to charter one midwater trawl vessel engaged in the Pacific whiting, Merluccius productus, fishery to participate in a project testing a Bycatch Reduction Device (BRD) designed to reduce Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and rockfish, Sebastes spp., bycatch. This project will be a collaborative study between the PSMFC, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Service-Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), and the west coast Pacific whiting fishing industry.
The Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC) Commercial Fisheries Program (CFP) intends to contract with one or more firms on an as needed basis to provide professional staffing support to PSMFC CFP to fill job titles in a range of technical and nontechnical positions including, but not limited to, Information Technology, Sciences, Statistics and/or Mathematics, Economics and other social sciences, field staff and support positions. These positions are typically located within the 5 State boundaries of the PSMFC member States of Alaska, Idaho, California, Oregon and Washington.
It is the intent of this Request for Proposals (RFP) and resulting contract(s) to establish an agreement for professional services to support various Oracle platforms within the PSMFC network. Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC) currently houses multiple data programs, some of which use Oracle technologies. Furthermore, the level of support varies within those programs. The goal is to attract companies with a strong and varied background in Oracle technologies to augment and improve current PSMFC staff capabilities.


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one two [three] four five

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Key Points to know about G 20 Summit
The G20 leaders' annual meeting, which began in 2008, was created in 1999 with the objective of bringing the most substantial highly industrialized and developing nations together to discuss worldwide financial and economic stability.
by Soumayashree Mishra November 15, 2022
by Soumayashree Mishra November 15, 2022 26 views
What is G 20 Summit
The G20 summit, which brings together all the leaders of the world's largest economies, will be held in Bali, Indonesia, on Tuesday. The G20—a group of 19 countries plus the European Union—comprises nearly two-thirds of the world's population, 85% of global output, and 75% of global trade. Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, South Korea, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union are among the 20 members of the group as of 2022.
History and Significance
\The G20 leaders' annual meeting, which began in 2008, was created in 1999 with the objective of bringing the most substantial highly industrialized and developing nations together to discuss worldwide financial and economic stability. Since then, it has grown into a significant forum for discussing economics and other pressing global concerns. Despite the group's active participation in the 2008 financial crisis, its coherence has since deteriorated. Analysts, for example, had heavily criticised its mediocre response to the COVID-19 outbreak.
The G20 leaders meet once a year to collaborate guidelines on a variety of issues. The 2009 G20 summit discussion over how to cope with a clandestine Iranian nuclear facility and the 2017 summit debate over how to implement a partial cease-fire in Syria are two examples. The G20 does not have a permanent location, personnel, or offices. Instead, it uses a consensus-based decision-making process, rotates leadership among its members on a yearly basis, and relies on the political will of each member state to achieve its goal.
This year's G20 Summit's key issues
Aside from the keynote addresses by world leaders, a variety of bilateral talks will take place against the backdrop of ongoing global tensions, including those caused by the invasion of Ukraine and the ensuing economic and environmental consequences, the climate crisis, North Korea's simmering nuclear programme, and China's expanding global aspirations.
This meeting of world leaders has grown significantly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and Indonesia, the host nation, has created an agenda that emphasises renewable energy, global health initiatives, and economic recovery from the pandemic.
What is India's G20 agenda?
Foreign Secretary Vinay Kwatra stated on Sunday, prior to his arrival in Bali, that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will meet with several global leaders and discuss India's shifting G20 goals with them.
According to Kwatra, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend three important sessions on food and energy security, digital transformation, and health. He and other world leaders will also hold extensive discussions on a variety of current hot topics, such as the state of the world economy, energy, environment, agriculture, health, and digital transformation.
Who else is going?
British PM Rishi Sunak is also off to Bali, where he faces his first big diplomatic test. He is expected to focus on Russia's invasion of Ukraine directly and emphasise support for Kyiv. "We will call out Putin's regime, and lay bare their utter contempt for the kind of international cooperation and respect for sovereignty that forums like the G20 represent," Sunak said in a statement on Saturday. Ukraine's president, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, has been invited to address the summit virtually.
Biden and Sunak will meet face to face for the first time at the G20 on Wednesday as US diplomats stepped up pressure to agree a deal on the Northern Ireland protocol by the 25th anniversary of the Good Friday agreement next year. Biden has signalled he will visit Northern Ireland for the anniversary and has long been keen to protect the agreement.
The British prime minister is also scheduled to have a one-to-one meeting with the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman.
Cause Of Uttarakhand Flood: Climate Change Or Irresponsible Constructions
The Illumining Edupreneur
Millions Of Users Under Threat From Malicious Browser Extensions
Post-Cold War Perspective On The Ukraine Crisis
G 20PM ModiRishi Sunak
Soumayashree Mishra
FCI's grain stocks have dropped to a five-year low.
Pakistan bans its Oscar entry from nationwide release
Will Covid Cause a problem in the upcoming board examinations...
The Unknown Future Of Afghan Nationals After Taliban Takes Over
Dubai eases travel restrictions from certain countries including India
14 electric vehicles and concepts are presented by Tata
Instagram as one of the reason of Social Media Addiction...
EMERGENCY: THE BLACK CHAPTER & THE DICTATORSHIP OF INDIRA GANDHI
Food Grains made Free For 81.3 crore civilians
Suez Canal Blockage Reveals World Trade Cost
Rajinikanth Will Receive The Dadasaheb Phalke Award For 2019
Maintaining your Mental Health
'Har Ghar Tiranga' Campaign Blazes Housing Poverty Parley
125th Birth Anniversary of Ram Prasad Bismil: Remembering the young...
A look back to the effects of Climate Change in...
Mission to bring change in the society-BK Swain


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Washi Transformed: New Expressions in Japanese Paper
Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers Ltd
Decrease Quantity of Washi Transformed: New Expressions in Japanese Paper
Increase Quantity of Washi Transformed: New Expressions in Japanese Paper
Historically, washi paper has been used as a base for Japanese calligraphy, painting, and printmaking as well as a material in architecture, religious ritual and clothing. In recent years, contemporary Japanese artists have turned this supple yet sturdy paper into a medium for expressing their artistic vision - layering, weaving, dyeing, shredding, folding, or cutting the paper to form abstract sculptures, lyrical folding screens, highly textured wall pieces, and dramatic installations. This elegantly designed volume examines the extraordinary creations of these diverse contemporary artists from Japan, France, and the United States. The publication also demonstrates the resilience, versatility, and unique stature of this ancient artistic medium in the realm of international contemporary art. Published to accompany a travelling exhibition: Allentown Art Museum, Allentown, PA October 10, 2021 - January 2, 2022 Longmont Museum, Longmont, CO January 28, 2022 - May 15, 2022 D'Amour Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield Museums, Springfield, MA June 11, 2022 - September 4, 2022 Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens, Delray Beach, FL November 3, 2022 - April 2, 2023
Impressionism: The Movement that Transformed Western Art
New Trends in Japanese Photography
Edvard Munch. Life Expressions
The Tale of the Axe: How the Neolithic Revolution Transformed Britain
Claude and Francois-Xavier Lalanne: Nature Transformed
Chinese Art Since 1970: The M+ Sigg Collection (Chinese Edition)
Young-sé Lee
Trisha Baga: "The Eye, the Eye & the Ear"
Spirited Away Sketchbook
Spirited Away: 30 Postcards
ACC Art Books
Tanabe Chikuunsai IV:: Masterpieces in Bamboo
Xu Bing: Book from the Sky to Book from the Ground
Asia One Books
Hong Kong/China Photographers No. 1: So Hing Keung
HK: PM Hong Kong Night Life 1974-1989
We Do Not Dream Alone: Asia Society Triennial 2020–2021


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Justice and sustainable prosperity for all!
Rachel's News
Precaution Reporter
Browse Back Issues
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Garden Mosaics
Garden Mosaics projects promote science education while connecting young and old people as they work together in local gardens.
Hope Meadows
Hope Meadows is a planned inter-generational community containing foster and adoptive parents, children, and senior citizens
Los Angeles Unified School District's Soda Ban
In August 2002, the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) Board voted to ban soft drinks from all of the district's schools
C02 emissions / carbon dioxide chemical hazards chemicals and health chemicals and health children's health climate change / global warming co2 emissions coal industry / coal power disease environmental health EPA / Environmental Protection Agency failure of government fish fish / fishing food safety / security global warming greenhouse gases / greenhouse effect landfills/solid waste oceans PBDEs pesticides precautionary principle / primary prevention public health toxics
#884 -- Money To Burn, 07-Dec-2006
If your group is interested in working with us to put on a
precautionary principle training in your community during
2007, please send an email to sherri@sehn.org.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Rachel's Democracy & Health News #884
"Environment, health, jobs and justice--Who gets to decide?"
Thursday, December 7, 2006..............Printer-friendly version
www.rachel.org -- To make a secure donation, click here.
Featured stories in this issue...
We Can't Publish Rachel's News Without Your Help
For 20 years Rachel's News has been helping you build a just and
sustainable world. Now Rachel's needs your help.
The mayor of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania is considering selling city
buildings -- including City Hall -- to raise cash to pay for a failed
garbage incinerator.
The End of the Throwaway Society
The throw-away society, which is damaging the planet and public
health, has been encouraged by public policies that reward waste. A
new policy called "extended producer responsibility" (EPR) could
change the incentives and end the throw-away society.
Is It Time for A New Economics?
Most environmental problems are rooted in our economic system,
which requires growth for the sake of growth. But it doesn't have to
be this way. Just as we no longer believe that the earth is flat,
humans can learn that we all live together on a finite planet, which
means perpetual growth is impossible.
Biofuels Seem Like the Answer To Oil. Are They?
We want to believe we can replace fossil fuels with biofuels
(ethanol and biodiesel from crops). But a burgeoning biofuels market
in the U.S. is creating massive deforestation in the Third World.
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From: Rachel's Democracy & Health News #884, Dec. 7, 2006
[Printer-friendly version]
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Return to Table of Contents
By Peter Montague
To alleviate massive debt created by the city's garbage incinerator,
the mayor of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania has proposed selling off the
city's Pubic Safety Building, headquarters for the city's police and
fire departments. Harrisburg is the state capital of Pennsylvania.
Harrisburg's mayor of 20 years, Stephen R. Reed, had initially
considered selling off City Hall itself, but settled for selling the
police-and-fire building instead. The city is flirting with bankruptcy
as the incinerator's debt burden grows.
The mayor says selling the Public Safety Building, then leasing it
back from its new owner, will raise $10.5 million in short-term cash.
The cost of this bit of creative financing would be borne by future
taxpayers.
In June, 2003, Harrisburg's 31-year-old garbage incinerator shut down
because it could not meet air quality standards. But the city still
owed $104 million on the machine, which would have to be repaid at the
rate of $7 million per year through the year 2030.
Mayor Reed came up with the idea of borrowing another $125 million to
finance a facelift for the defunct machine. The refurbished
incinerator would be designed to burn 800 tons of garbage per day,
about 8 times as much as Harrisburg itself produces. The machine would
import garbage and sell steam and electricity to turn a profit. At
least that was the plan.
To feed the machine and reassure investors that they would get their
$125 million back with interest, Harrisburg signed contracts with
dozens of municipalities in Dauphin, Cumberland and Perry Counties
giving Harrisburg the exclusive right to burn their garbage. Such an
arrangement is called "flow control," and "flow control" was declared
illegal by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1994, but Harrisburg officials
insist their plan is legal and can survive any future lawsuits by
independent waste haulers seeking to compete with the Harrisburg
incinerator.
As soon as the city's incinerator plan was announced, citizen
opposition flared. But city officials fought back with a campaign of
frightening predictions. They foresaw major problems for taxpayers if
the $125 million loan were rejected. Dan Lispi, the Harrisburg
official in charge of the incinerator, said annual property taxes on a
$100,000 home would rise $500, waste disposal fees would skyrocket,
the city would become dependent on dwindling and uncertain landfill
space, and there would be "mass layoffs" of city workers.
On the other hand, city officials offered a rosy picture of the
refurbished incinerator's financial future, estimating that the plant
could earn as much as $23.6 million in its first full year of
operation in 2006 -- enough to pay its $9.9 million in annual
operating costs, handle the debt payments and begin building a cash
surplus.
But residents who turned out for public hearings in August, 2003, said
they'd heard similar rosy projections before, when the original
incinerator was proposed. They pointed out that the original machine
had never worked reliably and that the city had repeatedly borrowed
more money to try to improve performance. "You'll never convince me,"
that refurbishing the old incinerator makes sense, said resident
Evelyn Warfield. She outlined the financial history of the original
incinerator and presented a petition opposing the new project.
Green Party member Frank Divonzo pointed out that debt on the old
incinerator, which was $41 million in 1993, had more than doubled to
$104 million by 2003 as officials struggled to keep the original
machine working.
But Harrisburg officials were adamant -- rebuilding the incinerator
was the city's only hope, they said. So they pressed on and arranged
to borrow $125 million for an $80 million facelift of the old machine,
plus $45 million in incidentals. Local lawyers, engineering
consultants, financial advisors, accountants, and bankers found the
plan rewarding.
Environmental Racism
The incinerator is located in south Harrisburg where 70% of residents
are black. The International Ministers Conference of Harrisburg filed
a last-minute appeal, saying the project was a clear case of
environmental racism. Both the Harrisburg Authority, which owns the
incinerator, and the state Department of Environmental Protection,
which approved the project, jumped on the ministers with both feet,
saying their appeal was both too late and without merit.
The hearing board quickly sided with city and state authorities,
ruling that the ministers had filed their appeal too late, and denying
any evidence of racism. The original incinerator was built when the
neighborhood was predominantly white, they said, and blacks moved in
later as whites moved out. The hearing board refused to acknowledge
the obvious -- that such a familiar pattern of land use is prima facie
evidence of white privilege, a familiar form of racism.[1] The mayor
said he knew the ministers would keep an eye on the incinerator to
prevent health problems from emerging, tacitly acknowledging what has
been obvious for years -- that state and local officials are not up to
the task of regulating such a machine.
Harrisburg's refurbished incinerator was supposed to begin burning
garbage January 2, 2006, but steel shortages (in Pennsylvania!) and
construction delays plagued the project. The Harrisburg Authority gave
the firm doing the work -- Barlow Projects Inc. -- a four-month
extension to complete the job, and it waived a penalty clause calling
for Barlow to pay the city $22,000 for each day the project was late.
City Council members have since acknowledged that this was "an
incredibly bad decision."
The refurbished machine never worked right from day one. John Luciew,
a reporter for the Harrisburg Patriot-News, wrote, "Even when the
incinerator's three burners were lighted, design flaws with the trash
and fuel feeds at one end and the ash handling at the other have
hampered operations to the point where just one or two furnaces are
firing at any time." In addition, the machine took more staff to run
than first thought, resulting in double shifts and abundant overtime.
By late November, the incinerator had earned $12.6 million less than
projected for 2006, and the city of Harrisburg was facing a budget
shortfall of $13.8 million. The city borrowed $7 million to pay some
of its bills. The mayor initially estimated that the incinerator was
responsible for $5 million of the shortfall, and that fixing the
design flaws in the machine would require an additional investment of
$5 to $10 million. By December 1 the mayor revealed that it would cost
$14 million to fix the incinerator's design flaws, including replacing
its ash-handling systems.
It was around this time that the mayor began thinking of selling city
hall to a private party, then leasing it back.
Of course, such a short-term fix would only make the long-term picture
worse. Harrisburg and its taxpayers -- not the Harrisburg Authority --
are now on the hook for about $220 million in incinerator-related
debt. That equates to payments of about $16 million each year for the
next 30 years. Essentially the refurbished incinerator will have to
work perfectly every day for the next 30 years to meet its financial
obligations. No incinerator in the world has ever achieved such a
flawless record of performance.
In desperation, Harrisburg is now considering turning over
management of the incinerator to the company that mis-designed it in
the first place, Barlow Projects Inc. Under the new plan, Barlow would
form a management subsidiary called Harrisburg Resource Recovery
Operation LLC that would manage and staff the facility for about $10.5
million annually. The Harrisburg Authority would still own the plant,
and the taxpayers of Harrisburg would still own the financial
liability.
The management contract would allow Barlow to secure financing for the
$14 million in improvements needed to fix the plant. Barlow, not the
authority, would pay for the upgrades.
But the deal would destroy the jobs of the 45 city employees who work
at the plant. Incinerator officials have said they will "talk to"
union officials before privatizing 45 unionized city jobs.
Cynics point put that plan to privatize 45 city jobs has several
salutary effects from the point of view of both city officials and the
corporate sector:
(a) 45 union jobs will disappear, thus diminishing the bargaining
power of one of the only strong unions remaining in the U.S.,
government employees. At a time when Harrisburg will undoubtedly try
to squeeze its workers to pay for a long series of "incredibly bad
decisions" by management, it is probably essential -- from
management's perspective -- to weaken the union.
(b) Government workers cannot legally contribute to anyone's re-
election campaign, but private workers can be subtly coerced by their
employers into giving campaign contributions -- so the deal could
politicize a substantial pot of money that might now slosh around at
re-election time in Harrisburg;
(c) If Barlow fails to run the incinerator properly, the city, not
Barlow, will remain liable for the $220 million in debt that the
machine has racked up so far.
(d) If regulations on ultrafine particles, or mercury, or other
emissions from the incinerator are tightened at any time during the
next 30 years -- as seems inevitable -- additional retrofits and
additional debt will become necessary.
(d) The waste industry -- always politically alert and active -- no
doubt appreciates that the refurbished incinerator will create
powerful, ongoing incentives to prevent three large Pennsylvania
counties from adopting waste-reduction or recycling measures for the
With $220 million in debt as a driver, all the incentives in
Harrisburg are now set to encourage the production of as much waste as
possible for the next three decades, to feed the machine.
[1] Laura Pulido, "Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege
and Urban Development in Southern California," Annals of the
Association of American Geographers, Vol. 90, No. 1 (2000), pgs.
12-40. [10 Mbyte PDF]
From: The Networker, May 1, 2005
PRODUCTS, WASTE, AND THE END OF THE THROWAWAY SOCIETY
By Helen Spiegelman and Bill Sheehan, Ph.D.**
A century ago, when Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) systems
were new, New York City garbage collectors picked up more than 1,200
pounds of waste per resident per year. But in 1905, three-quarters of
that waste was coal ashes. Fifteen percent was garbage. Only eight
percent was "rubbish" -- everything else from scrap paper to old
mattresses, the discards that are now called "product waste" (Morse
Today, the ashes are gone from household waste but local waste
managers are dealing with more than 1,600 pounds of waste per person
per year. "Product waste" is now three-quarters of what people throw
away. And despite huge public investments in recycling since the
1980s, most of that waste is still buried in landfills or burned.
MSWM systems were set up a century ago in the United States to protect
public health. They have become a perverse public subsidy for the
Throwaway Society. More and better waste management at public expense
has given unlimited license to proliferate discards. Today these
systems collect 3.4 pounds of product waste a day for each American
man, woman, and child -- twice as much as in 1960 and ten times as
much as 100 years ago. It is time to revamp the system so that it no
longer supports the throwaway habit.
The evolution of trash The MSWM system includes wastes from
residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources but not
industrial process wastes. As the term "municipal solid waste"
implies, local governments play a key role in delivering services,
planning, and regulation.
Crowding in industrial cities in the 19th Century gave rise to
repeated epidemics of contagious disease and created political support
for public investment in municipal sanitation, first to provide clean
water and sewerage and later, at the turn of the century, to collect
and dispose of refuse. Municipal refuse included not only household
waste but also massive quantities of feces from horses and other
animals. Pressure from citizen groups like the Ladies Health
Protective Association in New York City and the Municipal Order League
in Chicago compelled cities to replace or supplement the private "cart
men" who collected refuse with uniformed garbage collectors paid by
the city. By 1930, MSWM had been organized in most cities.
Since that early survey of garbage pickup in New York City, people
have continued to discard about the same amounts of food waste. A new
category, yard trimmings, has been added. Coal ash is now treated as
industrial waste, not household waste. The key change, however, has
been the ten-fold rise in product waste, from 92 to 1,242 pounds per
person per year. Containers and packaging now represent 32 percent of
all municipal solid waste. Non-durable goods (products used less than
three years) are 27 percent, and durable goods are 16 percent.
The US Environmental Protection Agency has been keeping statistics on
MSW since 1960, with the most recent update being for 2001 (EPA 2003).
During the last 40 years of the 20th Century, total municipal solid
waste grew from 88 million tons per year to 230 million tons, an
increase driven almost entirely by product wastes.
Reduce, reuse, recycle During the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, the public
began to see polluted, overflowing municipal landfills as a crisis.
The understanding also grew that the world's economies were using
natural resources at a rate that is unsustainable. Proponents of
sustainable development suggested that advanced economies such as
those of the United States and Canada would need to reduce per capita
material flows to one-tenth of modern levels to meet the needs of
future generations of the world living at our standards. Accordingly,
in 1989 the US EPA established the following hierarchy of "integrated
waste management" practices for municipalities:
Reduce wastes at the source (e.g. by backyard composting, product
reuse); Recover wastes (e.g. by recycling, municipal composting);
Dispose everything else in an environmentally sound way. Thousands of
local governments decommissioned local landfills and built new ones
that would better contain contaminants. Local governments also
invested public resources in recycling programs that would reduce the
flow of MSW to landfills and incinerators. How effective have these
programs been? The big success story has been composting and reuse of
yard trimmings. This started around 1988 and has risen steadily by an
average of 1.18 million tons per year since then. In 2000, 56.5
percent of all yard trimmings entering the MSWM system were being
recycled in some way rather than burned or sent to landfills.
After 20 years of municipal investment in recycling programs, however,
more than 70 percent of all municipal solid waste is still being
buried or burned rather than recovered. The disposal rate has
decreased gradually (it was 90 percent in 1980), but in the last
decade the decrease has been driven mainly by the recovery of yard
trimmings. Product waste recycling has leveled off at about 30 percent
of the product wastes that enter the system. Four-fifths of the
disposed waste goes to landfills, the rest to incinerators. Meanwhile,
we continue to generate and discard more and more products.
What municipal solid waste systems can't do
Why has recycling not kept up with the increase in product waste? Why
are such large quantities of both product and non-product waste
(especially food scraps) still ending up in landfills and
incinerators?
The answers to these questions lie in an inherent limitation of
current systems for handling product wastes. For these wastes, the
EPA's "integrated waste management" strategy is largely beyond the
control of the MSWM system. The system cannot reduce wastes at the
source and it cannot require products to be designed for recycling or
safe disposal.
Waste prevention lies entirely outside the boundaries of the MSWM
system. And outside the boundaries of the system, reducing waste at
the source brings little benefit. In 1999 EPA identified a number of
challenges facing waste recovery efforts, including the lack of market
demand for collected materials and product design that makes materials
difficult to recycle (US EPA 1999, p. 125 ff). There is no incentive
to buy recycled material, whereas waste managers must continue to
offer these materials for sale, even when oversupply drives prices
down. Product manufacturers derive no benefits from designing products
that are easy to recycle or safe to bury or burn, nor do they incur
any costs when their products cause environmental damage after
If managing product wastes were an extension of the production and
consumption system, and the costs and benefits of waste management
accrued to producers, these problems would begin to find solutions.
Instead, MSWM has enabled the marketing of disposable convenience
products, whose convenience is provided by the MSWM system at public
expense. The provision of universal collection and disposal of product
wastes created conditions that made the Throwaway Society a natural
response to the laws of the market.
Giving up on sustainability The MSWM system was originally set up to
manage a waste stream made up of relatively homogeneous materials such
as ash and biowastes. It cannot mirror the exquisitely complex
marketing and distribution system that gets products to consumers in
the first place, so it cannot easily optimize the value of product
wastes. MSW managers tend to favor large-scale facilities for mixed
waste because they are easier to control and more predictable in cost
(Murray 1999).
The practice of managing mixed waste means that great quantities of
biodegradable materials, including unrecycled paper, yard trimmings,
and nearly all food scraps, are being discarded, mainly in landfills,
where they produce methane, a greenhouse gas more than 20 times as
potent as carbon dioxide. Landfills are the largest human-made source
of methane in the United States. New studies suggest that landfill gas
collection systems may be far less efficient than previously thought,
and that proposed "bioreactor" landfills may actually exacerbate the
problem in the short term (Anderson 2005).
With product waste recovery stalled and the proportion of waste sent
to landfills and incinerators still at around 70 percent, MSWM
practitioners are turning to other schemes such as recovering thermal
energy from incinerators and gas from landfills. But recycling saves
far more energy than those technologies produce (Morris 2005). By
trying to recover energy from mixed waste, waste managers are
conceding defeat on the goals set in the 1980s to stem materials flows
and conserve resources.
Make producers responsible
Extending producers' responsibility for managing products when
consumers are done with them is a promising alternative to the current
system of handling product wastes. Known as Extended Producer
Responsibility (EPR), this policy approach requires producers (brand-
owners) to manage their products at the end of their lives through an
infrastructure financed by producers and provided as a service to
consumers. To be sure, consumers ultimately pay for improved
environmental performance, but including end-of-life management costs
in product prices is what drives innovation toward sustainable
products and services.
The precursor to EPR was the refillable container system developed a
century ago by the beverage industry. Ironically, this system is all
but extinct now in North America because of two public policies. One
was public investment in the national highway system, which made it
more economical to ship one-way from distant production facilities
than to operate local bottling plants. The other was the MSWM system,
which took care of the empties.
EPR has a small foothold in the US, where 11 states have established
take-back programs for beverage containers. Maine adopted legislation
in 2004 requiring manufacturers to finance the recycling of computers
and TVs collected by municipalities.
Canada has gone much further. Since 199l EPR has become established
policy in Canada for many products (Sheehan and Spiegelman 2005).
Ontario and Quebec are introducing a form of EPR that relies on MSWM
to recover product waste for recycling, with partial reimbursement by
industry. Other provinces are allowing producers to form their own
product return and recycling systems, while government sets standards
and ensures compliance. Comparing the two approaches will provide
guidance for future policy.
We believe government policy at all levels should expedite a
transition to separate, complementary EPR and MSWM systems.
MSWM should focus on environmentally sound management of food wastes
and yard clippings generated in communities. Government policy should
direct the MSWM system to provide separate collection and treatment of
organic materials and encourage research and development in this area.
Landfill regulations in North America should set a date for a sharp
reduction in landfilled biowastes, as the European Union did in a 1999
directive. Municipal biowaste management programs should ensure that
certain kinds of non-recyclable fiber products (such as waxed
cardboard, food-soiled paper products, sanitary products, and other
low-grade paper products) are safe for biodegradation. These products
must also pay their way through the system.
Product wastes should increasingly be managed through infrastructure
provided and funded by producers as part of the production and
consumption system. Governments at all levels can send clear policy
signals that EPR is the direction of the future. They can issue policy
resolutions and white papers; ban disposal of products that can be
recycled; require EPR systems for a continually increasing range of
products, and then keep EPR products out of the waste system; and they
can impose disposal surcharges.
The MSWM system begun a century ago has contributed to the
unsustainable growth of material flows in advanced industrial
economies. It is not designed for effective management of product
wastes. EPR is a promising alternative, but the MSWM system must be
adapted to support it. MSWM must gradually withdraw its service for
product wastes and expand treatment of source-separated organics. This
will, in turn, support sustainable production and consumption and
protect public health.
Anderson, P. 2005. Critical Review of EPA Model to Estimate Landfills'
Responsibility for Greenhouse Gases. Center for a Competitive Waste
Industry, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, in press.
Morris, J. 2005. "Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus
either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery,"
International Journal of Life Cycle Analysis, in press.
Morse, W.F. 1908. "The Collection and Disposal of Municipal Waste."
The Municipal Journal and Engineer, New York, NY, USA.
Murray, R. 1999. Creating Wealth from Waste. Demos, London, UK.
Sheehan, B., and Spiegelman, H. 2005. "Extended Producer
Responsibility Policies in the United States and Canada: History and
Status." In D. Scheer & F. Rubik, editors, Governance and
Sustainability: The Case of Integrated Product Policy, Greenleaf
Publishing/UK, in press. Available at http://www.productpol
icy.org/assets/EPR-US-Canada-01-2005.pdf
US EPA. 2003. Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2001 Facts
and Figures. US Environmental Protection Agency. Available at http
://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/msw99.htm
This article is adapted from the Issue Brief, Unintended Consequences:
Municipal Solid Waste Management and the Throwaway Society, (Athens,
GA: Product Policy Institute, March 2005). Available at
www.productpolicy.org/resources/
The Product Policy Institute is an independent nonprofit research
and communications organization focusing on the link between
production and consumption, on the one hand, and waste generation and
disposal on the other, in order to promote public policies that
encourage more sustainable practices.
**Helen Spiegelman is President of the Product Policy Institute. She
can be reached at hspie@telus.net. Bill Sheehan is Director of the
Product Policy Institute (Athens, Georgia). He can be reached at
bill@productpolicy.org or www.productpolicy.org.
From: Resource Insights, Dec. 3, 2006
COPERNICUS, DARWIN AND THE CURE FOR AUTISTIC ECONOMICS
By Kurt Cobb
Autistic children can spend much of their time in a world of
elaborate fantasy, emotionally detached from real people and objects.
Unfortunately, it is not much of a leap to substitute the words "most
economists" for "autistic children" in the previous sentence. So
apparent has this become that there is a burgeoning movement to
establish what is now called a "post-autistic economics" to meet the
challenges of describing the real social and physical world we live
This wouldn't matter much were it not for the inordinate say that
economists have in shaping public policy of all kinds and at all
levels. Those of the post-autistic persuasion say that establishment
economists have become a priestly class of sorts that enforces its
neoclassical view on any and all who would dissent. It does this by
keeping them off college faculties and out of key policy positions.
But as the biosphere presses its limits upon us in the areas of
energy, climate, water, soil and pollution, the neoclassical economic
view that human ingenuity will allow the species to ignore every other
species on the planet and grow the world economy indefinitely has
become life threatening, even civilization threatening.
The cure for this view was suggested by a dear friend. It is a
surprisingly simple move, and one with an impressive pedigree. The
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to work out how
the Earth revolved around the Sun. He thus began a journey for
humankind that removed it from the center of the universe and placed
it, to borrow the words of environmental education giant, David Orr,
"on a small planet attached to an insignificant star in a backwater
galaxy."
What Copernicus had done for astronomy, Charles Darwin did for
biology. After Darwin humans would no longer be set apart from the
animal kingdom. Henceforth, they would be only one of its many
inhabitants, buffeted by the same laws of mutation and natural
selection as the ape and every other living creature.
Anthropocentrism in biology was finished.
It is now time -- long past time -- for a Copernican/Darwinian
revolution in economics in which humans cease to be seen as the
privileged species, homo economicus -- at the center of everything and
exempt from the limits of the biosphere. Instead, humans need to be
placed within the same systems that nourish every plant and animal on
Earth. In this case, however, there is a twist. Far from having to
realize how insignificant and unexceptional we are, we must come to
understand that we have evolved into a different species which
William Catton Jr. has dubbed "homo colossus," a man-tool hybrid
capable of destroying the very habitat that sustains us and so many
other creatures.
The simple fact is that the economy cannot become bigger than the
biosphere. (There are, of course, some believers in Star Trek-style
fantasies who envision us exploiting and living on other planets. To
such people may I suggest that they get started on this project right
away since we are running out of time to turn things around here on
Earth). Humans already consume at least 40 percent of the
photosynthetic product of the Earth each year and, that's an estimate
from 1986 when the population was 5.5 billion. Now it is 6.5 billion.
And it's projected to be close to 9 billion by 2050. Could we
increase our share of the world's photosynthetic product to 60 percent
as the 2050 projection implies and still survive? Would we wipe out
species upon whom we depend, but of which we currently know nothing?
Even if we could transition away from finite fossil fuels, would
finding a theoretical, but as yet unknown, unlimited and pollutionless
energy source really solve our problems? Or would it simply cause us
to bump up against other limits?
When you undergo the Copernican/Darwinian revolution in economics, you
cannot avoid such questions. The physical world and its limits must be
accounted for. To that end some researchers are proposing a
comprehensive biophysical economics. One outline of an approach to
such a problem can be found in an article entitled "The Need to
Reintegrate the Natural Sciences with Economics."
The field of study now known as ecological economics has been
working on the problem in a piecemeal fashion for a long time. But
even though a comprehensive biophysical economics may never be
possible -- since it would require understanding everything about the
natural world -- we must attempt the feat for two reasons: 1) to
expose the dire peril in which neoclassical economics has placed us
and 2) to suggest ways to build an economy that can operate
indefinitely on the Earth and not one that only functions until it
destroys the Earth's capacity to sustain us.
The French writer Francois-Rene de Chateaubriand is reputed to have
said, "Forests precede civilizations and deserts follow them." It is
to this problem that economists must now turn themselves.
From: Grist, Dec. 5, 2006
WHAT ABOUT THE LAND?
A look at the impacts of biofuels production, in the U.S. and the
By Julia Olmstead
Great news! We can finally scratch "driving less" off our list of ways
to curb global warming and reduce our dependence on foreign oil!
Biofuels will soon not only replace much of our petroleum, but improve
soil fertility and save the American farmer as well!
Sound too good to be true? Well, yes. But you could be excused for
buying the hype.
Ethanol and biodiesel are being promoted as cures for our energy and
environmental woes not just by flacks for corporations like Archer
Daniels Midland, BP, and DuPont, but by many eco-minded activists and
some prominent environmental groups like the Natural Resources Defense
Council as well.
As intuitive as it may seem that fuel from plants would be more benign
than petroleum-based fuels, the ecological impacts of biofuel
production are more complicated, and wider-reaching, than an
environmentalist might first imagine.
For years, some critics have claimed that corn-based ethanol has a
negative "net energy balance" -- that is, that ethanol requires more
energy to produce than it delivers as fuel. But as biofuel production
efficiencies have improved, critics have turned their focus to broader
sustainability issues.
"Even if corn and soy biodiesel have positive energy balances, that's
not enough," says Andy Heggenstaller, a graduate student at Iowa State
University researching biofuel crop production. "Large-scale
production of corn and soybeans has negative ecological consequences.
If biofuels are based on systems that exacerbate soil erosion and
water contamination, they're ultimately not sustainable."
Stalk in Trade
Corn is one of the planet's most energy-intensive crops. Industrial
corn production requires huge quantities of synthetic nitrogen
fertilizers (derived primarily from natural gas) and petroleum-based
pesticides like atrazine, a known endocrine disrupter. Soybeans need
less nitrogen, but farmers douse bean fields with other nutrients and
with chemicals like Roundup to keep them pest-free.
The effects of corn and soybean production in the Midwest include
massive topsoil erosion, pollution of surface and groundwater with
pesticides, and fertilizer runoff that travels down the Mississippi
River to deplete oxygen from a portion of the Gulf of Mexico called
the dead zone that has, in the last few years, been the size of New
Jersey.
As ethanol use pushes corn prices higher, farmers are increasingly
abandoning the traditional corn-soybean rotation to what's known in
farm country as corn-on-corn. High prices have encouraged farmers to
plant corn year after year, an intensification that boosts fertilizer
and pesticide requirements.
Water use has also become a concern as corn production expands into
drier areas like Kansas, where the crop requires irrigation. The
ethanol boom has sent water demands skyrocketing, putting pressure on
already suffering sources like the Ogallala aquifer.
And according to a recent report by the World Resources Institute,
stepped-up corn ethanol production means not only increases in soil
erosion and water pollution, but increases in greenhouse-gas
emissions. "If your objective is reducing greenhouse-gas emissions,
you need to be aware of what's happening in the agricultural sector,"
says Liz Marshall, coauthor of the WRI study.
Ethanol proponents say the fuel emits up to 13 percent fewer
greenhouse gases than gasoline. But an increase in emissions on the
farm could cancel out benefits from emission decreases at the
tailpipe.
A Kinder, Gentler Crop?
These environmental concerns have led researchers like Heggenstaller
to join a wave of interest in a new generation of biofuels, the much-
hyped but yet-to-be-seen-on-the-market cellulosic ethanol. Cellulosic
differs from grain ethanol in that the fuel comes from the fiber in
the plant, rather than the starches in the grain. Any type of plant
material can be a source of cellulose, and even cow manure could be
processed into fuel.
Fans of cellulosic ethanol are interested in perennial grasses like
prairie native switchgrass and towering miscanthus, which require much
lower quantities of fertilizers and pesticides than corn and eliminate
the need to plow fields annually, a major cause of soil erosion. They
say these crops could produce much greater quantities of biomass than
corn, and on lands less suitable for crop production.
Indeed, if biofuels are going to make a substantial dent in meeting
our fuel needs, processors will need to look beyond corn. If all the
corn currently grown in the U.S. were turned into ethanol, it would
replace only 15 percent of our annual gasoline demand. (By way of
comparison, we could eliminate 15 percent of our gasoline demand by
increasing average fuel efficiency of U.S. cars by just four miles per
gallon -- an attainable goal using on-the-shelf technology.)
Due to soybeans' relatively low oil yield, soy biodiesel production in
the U.S. has already been written off as marginal by most researchers.
So many academic and industry leaders are intensely optimistic about
the transition to cellulosic sources.
"There's no doubt cellulosic ethanol can supply our energy needs,"
says Emily Heaton, manager of Energy Crop Product Development at
Ceres, Inc., a California-based plant biotechnology company that's
working to develop high-yield biomass crops. She agrees with
projections from the U.S. Department of Energy that say fuel from
perennial grasses could replace more than a third of our petroleum
needs by 2030. "We'll be producing more than a billion tons of biomass
a year in an environmentally sustainable way," Heaton says.
But even the advent of cellulosic ethanol -- which is not expected to
come on line for at least several more years -- could mean more corn,
according to Charles Brummer, a professor of plant breeding at the
University of Georgia who works with switchgrass and other perennial
biomass plants. Corn stalks and other residues from the corn harvest
could be used to make cellulosic ethanol just as readily as
switchgrass.
"Farmers will produce what makes money," Brummer says. "As long as
farm programs support corn production, we're not going to see them
growing much of anything else."
Meanwhile, in the Rest of the World
The hype over biofuels in the U.S. and Europe has had wide-ranging
effects perhaps not envisioned by the environmental advocates who
promote their use. Throughout tropical countries like Indonesia,
Malaysia, Brazil, and Colombia, rainforests and grasslands are being
cleared for soybean and oil-palm plantations to make biodiesel, a
product that is then marketed halfway across the world as a "green"
fuel.
In Southeast Asia, and increasingly in the Amazon, plantations of the
African oil palm have become wildly lucrative. After monocropping the
palms on recently cleared rainforest land, growers press the palm
fruit and kernel for oil that can be used in both food and industrial
applications, including -- and increasingly -- as biodiesel.
The palm oil industry is booming: global exports increased more than
50 percent from 1999 to 2004. To meet the growing demand, producers in
Malaysia and Indonesia have ramped up production by clearing thousands
of square miles of rainforest for new plantations.
In Indonesia, rainforest loss for oil palms has contributed to the
endangerment of 140 species of land animals, while in Malaysia animals
like the Sumatran tiger and Bornean orangutan have been pushed to the
brink of extinction. Fish kills have become common in waterways
surrounding plantations and palm-oil mills, as soil erosion from the
cleared land and mill effluents have left waterways clogged with
sediment and unviable.
The boom hasn't been limited to Southeast Asia. In one of the most
disturbing examples of the biofuel hype's hidden effects, right-wing
paramilitary groups in Colombia -- a country mired in a four-decade-
old civil war -- have in recent years begun planting oil palm
plantations over wide swaths of the territory they control. These
areas of tropical forest, which lie in the northwestern coastal region
known as the Choco and rank among the planet's key storehouses of
biodiversity, have been almost entirely expropriated through violence,
including massacres of Afro-Colombian and indigenous communities that
have forced those populations out of the region.
Farther south, another biodiversity hotspot is being rapidly cleared
to plant a biodiesel crop. Nearly 80 percent of Brazil's Cerrado
region -- a woodland savanna mix -- has been cleared for agricultural
production, mostly for soybeans, according to a Conservation
International report.
Despite being home to thousands of endemic plant and animal species,
the Cerrado has been promoted as "the last agricultural frontier" by
green-revolution hero and Nobel Peace Prize winner Norman Borlaug. Low
land and labor costs and high yield potential have sent investors from
as far away as Iowa scrambling to buy up these Brazilian grasslands,
frequently in collaboration with U.S. agribusinesses like Archer
Daniels Midland, whose first Brazilian biodiesel production facility
is currently in the works.
Tad Patzek, a professor in UC-Berkeley's Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering who's known primarily as a critic of corn
ethanol, says what's happening in tropical ecosystems is much more
serious than the biofuel situation in the U.S. "We've already
destroyed the prairie, and the topsoil in the Midwest is going, going,
gone," Patzek says. "But the expensive noise we're making here is
being translated there into the total obliteration of the most
precious ecosystems on earth."
- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -
Julia Olmstead is a graduate student in plant breeding and sustainable
agriculture at Iowa State University and a graduate fellow with the
Land Institute in Salina, Kan., and a freelance writer on agricultural
and environmental issues.
Copyright 2006. Grist Magazine, Inc.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
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text:
Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria
John W. Anderson, Dimitri Sarantakis, Jacek Terpinski, T. R. Santha Kumar, Han Chun Tsai, MacK Kuo, Arba L. Ager, William R. Jacobs, Guy A. Schiehser, Sean Ekins, James C. Sacchettini, David P. Jacobus, David A. Fidock, Joel S. Freundlich
Exploration of triclosan analogs has led to novel diaryl ureas with significant potency against in vitro cultures of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 18 demonstrated EC50 values of 37 and 55 nM versus in vitro cultured parasite strains and promising in vivo efficacy in a Plasmodium berghei antimalarial mouse model, with >50% survival at day 31 post-treatment when administered subcutaneously at 256 mg/kg. This series of compounds provides a chemical scaffold of novel architecture, as validated by cheminformatics analysis, to pursue antimalarial drug discovery efforts.
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.022
Diaryl urea
Plasmodium falciparum
10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.022
Dive into the research topics of 'Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Urea Medicine & Life Sciences 85%
Malaria Medicine & Life Sciences 82%
Parasites Medicine & Life Sciences 74%
compound 18 Medicine & Life Sciences 74%
Cheminformatics Medicine & Life Sciences 73%
Triclosan Medicine & Life Sciences 65%
Strain Chemical Compounds 62%
Plasmodium berghei Medicine & Life Sciences 60%
Anderson, J. W., Sarantakis, D., Terpinski, J., Santha Kumar, T. R., Tsai, H. C., Kuo, M., Ager, A. L., Jacobs, W. R., Schiehser, G. A., Ekins, S., Sacchettini, J. C., Jacobus, D. P., Fidock, D. A., & Freundlich, J. S. (2013). Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 23(4), 1022-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.022
Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria. / Anderson, John W.; Sarantakis, Dimitri; Terpinski, Jacek et al.
In: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 23, No. 4, 15.02.2013, p. 1022-1025.
Anderson, JW, Sarantakis, D, Terpinski, J, Santha Kumar, TR, Tsai, HC, Kuo, M, Ager, AL, Jacobs, WR, Schiehser, GA, Ekins, S, Sacchettini, JC, Jacobus, DP, Fidock, DA & Freundlich, JS 2013, 'Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria', Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1022-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.022
Anderson JW, Sarantakis D, Terpinski J, Santha Kumar TR, Tsai HC, Kuo M et al. Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2013 Feb 15;23(4):1022-1025. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.022
Anderson, John W. ; Sarantakis, Dimitri ; Terpinski, Jacek et al. / Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria. In: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2013 ; Vol. 23, No. 4. pp. 1022-1025.
@article{737ba690137e40ad9bdc5cde5ea46b77,
title = "Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria",
abstract = "Exploration of triclosan analogs has led to novel diaryl ureas with significant potency against in vitro cultures of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 18 demonstrated EC50 values of 37 and 55 nM versus in vitro cultured parasite strains and promising in vivo efficacy in a Plasmodium berghei antimalarial mouse model, with >50% survival at day 31 post-treatment when administered subcutaneously at 256 mg/kg. This series of compounds provides a chemical scaffold of novel architecture, as validated by cheminformatics analysis, to pursue antimalarial drug discovery efforts.",
keywords = "Diaryl urea, Drug discovery, Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum",
author = "Anderson, {John W.} and Dimitri Sarantakis and Jacek Terpinski and {Santha Kumar}, {T. R.} and Tsai, {Han Chun} and MacK Kuo and Ager, {Arba L.} and Jacobs, {William R.} and Schiehser, {Guy A.} and Sean Ekins and Sacchettini, {James C.} and Jacobus, {David P.} and Fidock, {David A.} and Freundlich, {Joel S.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work has been supported by funding from the Medicines for Malaria Venture. S.E. kindly acknowledges Accelrys Inc. for providing Discovery Studio. ",
doi = "10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.022",
journal = "Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters",
T1 - Novel diaryl ureas with efficacy in a mouse model of malaria
AU - Anderson, John W.
AU - Sarantakis, Dimitri
AU - Terpinski, Jacek
AU - Santha Kumar, T. R.
AU - Tsai, Han Chun
AU - Kuo, MacK
AU - Ager, Arba L.
AU - Jacobs, William R.
AU - Schiehser, Guy A.
AU - Ekins, Sean
AU - Sacchettini, James C.
AU - Jacobus, David P.
AU - Fidock, David A.
AU - Freundlich, Joel S.
N1 - Funding Information: This work has been supported by funding from the Medicines for Malaria Venture. S.E. kindly acknowledges Accelrys Inc. for providing Discovery Studio.
N2 - Exploration of triclosan analogs has led to novel diaryl ureas with significant potency against in vitro cultures of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 18 demonstrated EC50 values of 37 and 55 nM versus in vitro cultured parasite strains and promising in vivo efficacy in a Plasmodium berghei antimalarial mouse model, with >50% survival at day 31 post-treatment when administered subcutaneously at 256 mg/kg. This series of compounds provides a chemical scaffold of novel architecture, as validated by cheminformatics analysis, to pursue antimalarial drug discovery efforts.
AB - Exploration of triclosan analogs has led to novel diaryl ureas with significant potency against in vitro cultures of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 18 demonstrated EC50 values of 37 and 55 nM versus in vitro cultured parasite strains and promising in vivo efficacy in a Plasmodium berghei antimalarial mouse model, with >50% survival at day 31 post-treatment when administered subcutaneously at 256 mg/kg. This series of compounds provides a chemical scaffold of novel architecture, as validated by cheminformatics analysis, to pursue antimalarial drug discovery efforts.
KW - Diaryl urea
KW - Drug discovery
KW - Malaria
KW - Plasmodium falciparum
U2 - 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.022
DO - 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.022
JO - Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters
JF - Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters


text:
One Read Reflections: Who Writes History?
By Ida Fogle Special to the Tribune
Editor's note: Throughout September, Daniel Boone Regional Library's Ida Fogle will reflect on themes related to this year's One Read title, David Grann's "Killers of the Flower Moon." Each piece will contain moderate spoilers.
In "Killers of the Flower Moon," author David Grann tells us "history is a merciless judge."
This seems especially true when previously neglected viewpoints are considered. In the 1920s, at least 24 of the world's wealthiest people — all of them Osage — were killed for their oil fortunes. When Grann heard of the murders, he was surprised he'd never read about them before. "… It was as if these crimes had been excised from history."
In his research, he relied heavily on Osage sources, supplying a different perspective from what was provided in official FBI accounts. It also offers a view we don't always see in history books, where the story of the United States is often presented as a tale of expansion and discovery. But as Grann points out, the land Pa and Ma Ingalls were trying to homestead in "Little House on the Prairie" already belonged to someone.
By sharing Osage voices and focusing much of his book on one woman — Mollie Burkhart — who lost almost her entire family, the author shows the flip side of expansion as encroachment and loss. The Osage endured institutional policies that threatened to remove their own history from them. Children were required to attend boarding schools far from home. The government withheld payments of annuities until the Osage stopped traditional hunts in favor of farming. Mollie's father was even stripped of his name with remarkable nonchalance at the local trading post.
"One day … a trader began to refer to Ne-kah-e-se-y as Jimmy. Soon other traders began to call Mollie's father Jimmy." Then the same happened to his wife and daughters. "…That's how Wah-kon-tah-he-um-pah became Mollie."
As the history of the Osage Reign of Terror faded from collective memory throughout most of the country, it still loomed large for the families Grann interviewed. In the words of Kathryn Red Corn, director of the Osage Nation Museum, "So many Osage lost a mother or a father or a sister or a brother or a cousin. That pain never goes away."
Dissatisfied over the number of questions left unanswered by the FBI, many individuals conducted their own investigations. Many times, the result was even greater frustration. As one man said, "It was because they ripped out too many pages of our history. … There were just too many lies, too many documents destroyed."
The history that was recorded concentrated heavily on the FBI's role in the case. 1930s radio drama "The Lucky Strike Hour" once featured the story of the Osage murders, signing off with a declaration that the "moral of the story" showed criminals were "no match for the Federal Agent of Washington in a battle of wits."
Tom White, the main agent in charge of the investigation, wanted to publish a book about the case in the '50s. He teamed up with author Fred Grove, who was part Osage and had spent some of his boyhood in the area of the murders. But FBI head J. Edgar Hoover refused their requests for documents. They completed a book anyway, but found no interested publishers.
As Grann would discover, there were "certain holes in the bureau's investigation." The victims' families already knew this. By listening closely to their stories and backing them up with archived records, he was able to provide a more complete picture of what really happened.
The library will offer One Read programs and discussions throughout the month of September on "Killers of the Flower Moon" and related topics, including Osage and other American Indian history. Author David Grann will speak and sign books at Columbia College's Launer Auditorium on September 25 at 7 p.m.
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text:
Olympian and Shoreline native to act as NWHL to Seattle spokesperson
Shoreline native Kelly Stephens-Tysland
displaying her Olympic Bronze medal
Photo courtesy USA Hockey
Shoreline native and U.S. women's hockey Olympian bronze medalist from the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turino, Italy, Kelly Stephens-Tysland, is acting as the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) to Seattle spokesperson -- a campaign to bring professional women's hockey to Seattle.
Kelly grew up in Shoreline, attending Echo Lake Elementary, Einstein Middle, and Shorewood High School (9th and 12th grades).
As a child her first strides on the ice were at Highland Ice Arena in Shoreline where she participated in Learn to Skate and Beginner hockey classes.
As she became more passionate about the game of hockey Kelly spent hours playing at Olympic View Ice Arena in Mountlake Terrace for the Seattle Junior Hockey Association until she moved away at the age of fourteen to follow her dream to train and play hockey at the highest level.
Kelly played for the University of Minnesota women's ice hockey team from 2001 to 2005, earning back-to-back National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey titles in 2004 and 2005. In 2004 Kelly was selected to the All-Tournament Team honors as she scored five points in the Frozen Four, and in 2005 the team tallied a near-perfect record of 36-2-2 and were ranked as the top team in the nation for the entire campaign.
Kelly at the University of Minnesota
Photo courtesy UM
She is listed on the team's Top 10 Career Stats Record Board for: all-time points, goals, assists, as well as points per game, goals per game, power-play goals, shorthanded goals, game-winning goals, and penalty minutes.
During Kelly's pre-Olympic campaign she would return home to Shoreline from time-to-time to visit family and Highland Ice Arena would provide her with ice so she could continue to train.
Kelly scored the game-winning goal against Sweden for a Bronze medal in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turino, Italy.
After the 2006 Olympics she moved back to Washington State and started Experience Momentum with her husband Shanon, a fitness training company with locations in Lynnwood and Fremont.
Kelly goal score vs. Sweden
Kelly joins the NWHL to Seattle campaign to help unite and amplify the community's interest in bringing a women's professional hockey team to Seattle. NWHL to Seattle will support grassroots efforts, connect segments of the movement, and rally the people of the Pacific Northwest around the shared goal.
The organization also plans to increase awareness and enthusiasm for the game by building relationships with fans and welcoming those new to the sport.
Interest in women's hockey is at its highest mark in history, both among players and fans.
According to spokesperson Kelly Stephen Tysland, "Whether you see a game in person, online, or on TV, women's professional hockey provides exciting, fast-paced entertainment, featuring some of the best players in the world."
Tysland continues, "Followers of women's hockey in the United States are on the rise thanks to the success of Team USA at the last Winter Olympics, the excitement surrounding women's collegiate and professional hockey, the exhilaration from female Olympic and professional players participating in the NHL All-Star Game, and now from the World Championships in Finland.
"These factors, plus the frenzy that the new NHL men's team is bringing to our city, makes it the perfect time for women's professional hockey to expand into Seattle."
Kelly Stephens-TyslandPhoto courtesy Experience Momentum
NWHL to Seattle points to a tremendous opportunity for synergy with the NHL Seattle team, which will benefit both teams.
Tysland explains, "We believe Seattle can become a hub for training hockey players— both women and men.
"The professional players will serve as role models for up-and-coming players and the new world-class facilities will provide more access and opportunity to develop future college, professional, and Olympic athletes. '
"Fostering a hockey hub in Seattle will keep talent in the Pacific Northwest and enable players to stay in the area to continue their professional careers, both on and off the ice."
A local women's professional hockey team will inspire a new generation of Seattleites to watch and perhaps even play the sport. Whether at the recreational or elite level, sports teach teamwork, goal-setting and the pursuit of excellence in performance and achievement-oriented behaviors— critical skills necessary for success in the workplace.
Sports also build a lifestyle for more productive, healthy, and happy lives. The Women's Sports Foundation also notes the direct positive effect on girls: Compared with those who do not play sports, girls participating in sports are more likely to
Earn better grades in and graduate from school,
Demonstrate higher self-confidence and less depression, and
Maintain better body images and psychological states of well-being.
Tysland goes on to say, "Our ultimate goal is to establish a women's professional hockey team in Seattle with a strong ownership group and media coverage in place.
"As we work toward that objective, we're beginning by producing NWHL to Seattle gear that has a dual purpose— helping fans show their support of the campaign while also providing funding for promotional activities.
"Another intermediate step will be working to bring/host an NWHL All-Star game to the city prior to the NWHL Seattle's inaugural season."
NWHL to Seattle
The NWHL to Seattle organization plans to facilitate team ownership conversations with the NWHL in the coming months.
With a strong ownership group, financial backing, and consistent local media coverage, a women's professional hockey team can be successful in Seattle, both on and off the ice.
There is strong support of women's professional sports in the Seattle area; coupled with the fanatic hockey fans in the region, it is a great combination for success.
Fans can purchase NWHL to Seattle gear, with all proceeds going toward events and marketing of the campaign, find out how to get involved HERE and and how to join the @NWHLtoSeattle movement on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Posted by DKH at 11:16 PM
Tags: ice hockey, people, sports


text:
Q: Get Location updates in background without running Service in Android I want to fetch the current Location of the user in background. I know how it can be done using Service in Android. But I would like to know is there any possibilities to get user Location without running service. Like using  BroadcastReceiver or anything? I'm just trying to avoid running Service to fetch Location.
For Example I referred this link. But I couldn't follow how to do like this.
Any help will be appreciated. Correct me in case I'm asking anything wrong.
EDIT: Oh, I think in the above link he is using Service to get the Location. So I think it's not possible to get location in background without running a Service. Still suggestions are welcomed.

A: You Should Implement a BroadcastReceiver that receives alarm every 2 hours. That alarm is Set by Your Activity.
When the alarm is triggered by your System, Broadcast Receiver receives it, Executes Your Process in BroadCastReceiver.
This is what i can think of.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
"County of Montgomery" and "County Montgomery" redirect here. For North Powys, see Montgomery County (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Montgomeryshire (disambiguation).
historic county of Wales
Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn
Broad Street and town hall in Montgomery (2001)
Ancient extent of Montgomeryshire
483,323 acres (1,955.94 km2)
537,000 acres (2,170 km2)
66,482[1]
0.1/acre
• Succeeded by
Chapman code
MGY
Montgomeryshire County Council (1889–1974)
Montgomeryshire District Council (1974–1996)
• HQ
Montgomeryshire, also known as Maldwyn (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn meaning "the Shire of Baldwin's town") is one of thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. It is named after its county town, Montgomery, which in turn is named after one of William the Conqueror's main counsellors, Roger de Montgomerie, who was the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.
Montgomeryshire today constitutes the northern part of the principal area of Powys. The population of Montgomeryshire was 63,779 according to the 2011 census,[2] with a low population density of just 75 people per square mile (29 people per square km). The current area is 2,174 square km (839 square miles).
The largest town is Newtown, followed by Welshpool and Llanidloes.
Ospreys Glesni & Monty @ The Dovey Osprey Project Montgomeryshire North Wales 21 APRIL 2014 1 of 4
1.1 Local government
1.2 Electoral representation
2 Geography
3 Transport
3.1 Places of special interest
4 Politics
Map of Welsh cantrefs
The Treaty of Montgomery was signed on 29 September 1267, in the town of Montgomery, which had recently been established as an English incursion on the Welsh side of the border, to control a strategic border crossing. The surrounding region (on the Welsh side of the border) otherwise comprised the mediaeval principality of Powys Wenwynwyn, the southern of the two states into which the Kingdom of Powys had been divided a century before.
Attacks by Gwynedd on Powys Wenwynwyn led the latter to seek the assistance of the English. Ultimately this led them to convert their territory into a marcher lordship, via surrender and regrant, as a way to strengthen their position; the ruling princes of Powys Wenwynwyn became the Lords of Powys, feudally bound to the English king, and able to fully rely on English backing, but otherwise independent. The prince took an English-style surname - Owen de-la Pole - after his capital city, Pool (now Welshpool).
With the introduction of the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 the marcher lordships were converted into English counties. The Lordship of Powys - the former Powys Wenwynwyn - became Montgomeryshire; the county town being Montgomery, the strongest centre of English authority in the region, rather than centre of Welsh authority, Welshpool. Montgomeryshire was thus ultimately formed from the cantrefi of Powys Wenwynwyn:[3]
Y Fyrnwy (commotes of Mochnant Uwch Rhaeadr, Mechain Is Coed and Llanerch Hudol)
Llyswynaf (commotes of Caereinion and Mechain Uwch Coed)
Ystlyg (commotes of Deuddwr, Ystrad Marchell and Y Gorddwr Isaf)
Cedewain (commotes of Cynan, Cyfeiliog and Mawddwy)
Arwystli (commotes of Arwystli Is Coed and Arwystli Uwch Coed)
In addition, for practical reasons, Montgomeryshire gained the commote of Ceri, which had formed a northwards spur of the less organised region Between Wye and Severn; most of the rest of the latter region became Radnorshire.
Montgomeryshire was bordered, to the north, by Denbighshire, to the east and south east by Shropshire, to the south by Radnorshire, to the south west by Cardiganshire, and to the west and north west by Merionethshire. When, in subsequent centuries, the concept of Wales was once again officially distinguished from England, all of these counties were deemed Welsh, except for Shropshire. Montgomeryshire was the birthplace of Welsh Catholic martyr Saint Richard Gwyn (in 1537).
See also: Townships in Montgomeryshire
From 1889 to 1974 the county became an administrative county with a county council. Montgomery, the traditional county town, held the assizes and became the meeting place of the new County Council.[4] However, the administration continued to be based at Welshpool,[5] which prior to the reforms had been regarded as the county town.[6]
Local government reforms in 1974 combined the administrative areas of Montgomeryshire, Radnorshire and Breconshire together to form a new administrative Powys county. Montgomeryshire became a district of Powys, with its administrative headquarters in Newtown (and not Montgomery). Further local government reform in 1996 abolished district councils in Wales, making Powys a unitary authority. The Montgomeryshire area continued to have an administrative/political function as one of the three committee areas used by Powys Council to denote Powys's three historic counties (Montgomeryshire; Radnorshire and Breconshire), but these were abolished in 2018. In September 2019, The Brexit Party announced they would hold a referendum on restoring a County Council for Montgomeryshire, were they to enter Government in the Welsh Assembly. This would result in Montgomeryshire leaving Powys, and Powys being re-named Brecon and Radnor Council.
The few communities that were added to northern Powys in 1996 (which come within the historic boundaries of Denbighshire) now form part of the modern-day Montgomeryshire area.
Electoral representation
Montgomeryshire is a UK Parliament constituency and a Welsh Assembly constituency.
The shire is almost wholly mountainous, although there are some fertile valleys in the east. The highest point (county top) is Moel Sych at 826.7 metres (2,712 ft), whose summit lies at the triple county boundary point of Montgomeryshire, Denbighshire and Merionethshire in the Berwyn Mountains. The county top of Denbighshire, Cadair Berwyn at 832 metres (2,730 ft), is less than a kilometre away. Its main rivers are the River Severn (which flows east into Shropshire) and the River Dyfi (which flows west into the Irish Sea). Lake Vyrnwy is a reservoir supplying Liverpool.
The main towns are Machynlleth, Llanidloes, Montgomery, Newtown and Welshpool. The main industries are agriculture (mainly hill farming) and tourism, though there is also some forestry and light manufacturing. The population density is highest near the border with England and along the Severn valley. The county is closely linked to Shropshire, with many essential services for Montgomeryshire residents being located in the more densely populated town of Shrewsbury, such as acute health services at the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital.
The county flower of Montgomeryshire is Spergula arvensis (also called "corn spurrey"). The shire forms a vice-county for wildlife recording.
Montgomeryshire is crossed from East to West by the Cambrian Line, a mainline passenger railway which runs between Shrewsbury and Aberystwyth as well as Pwllheli with stations at Welshpool, Newtown, Caersws and Machynlleth. As of 2018 services are provided by Transport for Wales.
The Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway links Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion.
Places of special interest
Bryntail lead mine buildings near Llanidloes
Centre for Alternative Technology at Llwyngwern near Machynlleth
The Museum of Modern Art, Wales (MOMA) in Machynlleth
Dolforwyn Castle near Abermule
Montgomery Castle in Montgomery
The Old Bell Museum in Montgomery
Powis Castle near Welshpool
The Robert Owen Museum in Newtown
Trefeglwys Tumuli
Mathrafal — the seat of the Welsh kings and princes of Powys
Meifod
Offa's Dyke
Montgomeryshire is represented in the following constituencies:
Montgomeryshire (UK Parliament constituency), a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Montgomeryshire (Assembly constituency), a constituency of the National Assembly for Wales
Townships in Montgomeryshire
Local government in Wales
History of Wales
History of local government in Wales
List of Lord Lieutenants of Montgomeryshire
List of High Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire
^ Vision of Britain – 1831 Census
^ "Statistics about your area" (PDF). www.powys-i.org.uk. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ Cathrall, William (1828). The History of North Wales Volume II. Manchester. p. 290.
^ Wynford Vaughan-Thomas and Alun Llewelyn, The Shell Guide to Wales (Michael Joseph, London, 1974) p. 339
^ Vaughan-Thomas and Llewelyn, p. 339
^ National Gazetteer of Wales, 1868.
Map of Montgomeryshire on Wikishire
<abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;" title="Discuss this template">t</abbr>
Principal settlements
Llanfair Caereinion
Llanidloes
Machynlleth
Aberhafesp
Banwy
Bausley with Criggion
Berriew
Bettws
Cadfarch
Caersws
Carreghofa
Castle Caereinion
Dwyriw (Llanfair Caerenion)
Forden with Leighton and Trelystan
Glantwymyn (Cemmaes Road)
Guilsfield
Llanbrynmair
Llandinam
Llandrinio
Llandysilio
Llandyssil
Llanerfyl
Llanfechain
Llanfihangel
Llangedwyn
Llangurig
Llangyniew
Llangynog
Llanidloes Without
Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant
Llansantffraid
Llansilin
Llanwddyn
Manafon
Mochdre
Trefeglwys
Tregynon
Trewern
Smaller Settlements Townships and villages
Abermule
Adfa
Burgedin
Buttington
Cemmaes Road
Commins Coch
Criggion
Dolanog
Dolfach
Dylife
Four Crosses
Llangadfan]
Llangynyw
Llanllwchaiarn
Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain
Llanwchaiarn
Llanwrin
Llanymynech
Old Church Stoke
Penegoes
Pontdolgoch
Pontrobert
Sarn
Staylittle
Sycharth
Tylwch
Van, Llanidloes
Ffridd Faldwyn, Montgomery
Dolforwyn Castle
Montgomery Castle
Powis Castle
Reservoirs and lakes and Rivers
Clywedog reservoir
Lake Vyrnwy
Montgomeryshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Montgomery Boroughs by-election, 1877
Montgomeryshire (Assembly constituency)
Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire
High Sheriff of Montgomeryshire
Montgomeryshire County War Memorial
Montgomeryshire Football League
Archdeaconry of Montgomery
Shropshire and Montgomeryshire Railway
Historic counties of Wales
Brecknockshire
Glamorganshire
Merionethshire
Radnorshire
This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 05:24


:) Oh, THAT menu option. This is just group title, you can't click on it.
Overview report: Income and Expenses options.
Trends report: Income, Expense, Cash flow and running balance.
I get this idea from Mac where inactive menu items used as group title very often.
Those greyed-out menu entries fooled me to, Alex. Get rid of them (at least in Windows version). I scratched my head an entire day to figure out how to "use" them.


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The Star Challengers, a group of talented young people bound together by a common interest in the space program, return to the Challenger Center. Mysterious Commander Zota again sends them into the future, and this time they will work aboard the International Space Station Complex. They will live without gravity, orbiting high above the Earth... So Anakin continue the Jedi training with his master, Jinn, how tough him all he knew. Anakin was from the human species and so did his Master, Jin. Together they traveled along the galaxies, where the young and brave Anakin meets Amidala, the Chomell Sector Ambassador.
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text:
Legal Update: Marsy's Law for Wisconsin Files Amicus Brief in Department of Justice Appeal
We have an update on the ongoing legal challenge against Marsy's Law in Wisconsin. First, a quick refresher on the case.
As you might remember, a group of criminal defense lawyers who operate under the euphemistically named Wisconsin Justice Initiative (WJI) sued in late 2019 to try and remove Marsy's Law from the ballot during the April 2020 election. They argued the ballot question was both misleading and insufficiently captured all that is included in the amendment. Back in February 2020, Dane County Judge Frank Remington denied their motion for a temporary injunction. That decision allowed the vote to go forward where Marsy's Law was ratified with a remarkable 75 percent of the vote.
However, while the legal arguments stayed substantially the same, Judge Remington changed his mind and sided with WJI on the permanent injunction. Remington ruled this past November that the ballot question should have actually been two questions with one question focused on taking away the rights of the accused and, therefore, the amendment vote was not valid. The good news is that Judge Remington stayed his decision pending the appeals process – meaning Marsy's Law stays in effect until the Appeals Court rules.
The State Department of Justice (DOJ) soon announced their appeal of Remington's decision, and that case is currently pending before the Wisconsin District III Court of Appeals. While DOJ is leading the effort to overturn Remington's decision, Marsy's Law for Wisconsin, along with Mothers Against Drunk Driving weighed in on the case by filing a non-party brief, commonly known as an amicus brief, in support of Marsy's Law and keeping the amendment in place.
The brief touches on the long history of victims' rights efforts in Wisconsin and points out that strengthening the rights of victims does not take away any rights for accused persons. The victims' rights movement is about the rights of victims, and victim empowerment can be, and is, independent of the rights of the accused. In the short time that Marsy's Law for Wisconsin has been in place, we have already seen this reality in action, as the rights of crime victims are being diligently protected alongside the rights of the accused.
You can read the full amicus brief here.
The people of Wisconsin have been the foundation of our state's proud history of championing victims' rights for more than 40 years—most recently, at the ballot box last April. We remain confident that Marsy's Law for Wisconsin will ultimately be upheld, the will of these 1.1 million Wisconsin voters will prevail, and equal rights for crime victims will remain a reality here in Wisconsin.
The Marsy's Law for Wisconsin Team


Education-based tourism is one of the economic strategies promoted by Connemara West plc. The company has developed study abroad programmes with US-based colleges Aquinas College, Maine Maritime Academy, and Kirkwood Community College. This partnership is aimed at providing a learning and cultural experience for US students of modern life in rural Ireland.
For more than 40 years, students and lecturers from Aquinas College have come to Connemara for four month periods to study Irish literature, history and culture.
Students and their lecturers visit Tullycross, Letterfrack and the Renvyle peninsula as part of this programme, basing themselves at Renvyle Thatched Cottages during their stay. This also involves an exchange programme, where students from Connemara study at partner colleges in the US. The first exchange took place in 2015.
The second strand of Connemara West's education-based tourism strategy involves encouraging other colleges and universities to attend education-themed conferences in the area. The first such "Interchanges" conference was held at the Renvyle House Hotel in June 2015. Twenty professors from Aquinas College and Lourdes University in the United States attended the micro conference, which was organised in conjunction with Connemara West plc. In addition to the US participants, staff from GMIT Letterfrack, Teagasc and Connemara West plc presented at the conference.
Connemara West plc also hosted the International Comparative Rural Policy Summer Institute in June 2015. The Institute is held in a difference country each year. Seventy graduate students and their lecturers from US, Canadian and European universities spent two weeks in Connemara as part of the event.