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GSM History: History of GSM, Mobile Networks, Vintage Mobiles
GSM/2G
Vintage Mobiles
Great Designs
Rare Documents
GREAT INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS
Functionality drives a mobile towards a particular shape. They are a bit like car designs put in a wind tunnel to reduce drag – they all come out looking much the same. It takes real genius to break-out and produce really great designs.
Whilst most attention is paid to technology advance, the world's mobile culture has been enriched by these occasional bursts of outstanding design. Even more exceptional is for a mobile phone to emerge in the class of fine art and great craftsmanship. We set out to discover the new design trends in mobiles that have emerged over the past two decades and some rare industrial design gems.
(Click on the heading of interest:)
1. The Shape
1a The Perfect Candy Bar (Au "Talby")
1b Just Right for a telephone (Nokia 6310i)
1c Drive to Thinness (Samsung U100, Alcatel Touch Idol Ultra)
1d Defined by the biggest screen (From Apple iPhone to the Folding Screen)
2. Colour
2a Brand and Colour (Swatch Mobile TCE122)
2b Design and Colour (LG LX600)
2c Snap on Colour fascias (Ericsson GA628)
2d Colour as Exclusivity (Siemens special edition of the SL55)
3a The boom microphone ( Sony CM-R111)
3b Loudspeaker in a cover flap (Motorola StarTac)
3c Clamshell (Motorola RAZR V3)
3d Evolution of the Slider (From the Nokia 8110 to the Nokia 8800)
3e Twister (Motorola V70 to the Motorola Aura)
3f Double twisters (Nokia N92 and N93)
4. The Keyboard Design Challenge
4a Lids on keyboards (Nokia 9000)
4b Sliding keyboards (Siemens SL10, Danger Hiptop and Blackberry 9800)
4c Twister keyboards ( Nokia 7705)
4d Hybrid keyboards one slider ( HTC S740, LG Rumor)
4e Hybrid keyboards two sliders (Samsung U750 and Pantech Matrix C740)
4f Qwerty Keyboard as a work of art (Blackberry Pearl, Porche Design)
4g Numeric keypad as a work of art (Æ+Y)
4h Soft keyboards on Smartphones
5. Navigating around a mobile or smartphone
5a Navi-key (Nokia 3110)
5b Scroll-wheel (Blackberry 5810)
5c Trackball (Blackberry Pearl 8100, T-Mobile Sidekick 3)
5d Optical Joystick (Samsung SCH-V960)
5e Finger swipe on touch sensitive screen (Nionode N1, Apple iPhone)
6. Something disguised as a mobile
6a Taser (Kelin K95)
6b Gun (anon)
6c Pepper spray
6d Pepper spray as a mobile clip-on accessory
6e Listening device (Nokia 1100)
6f Bombproof smartphone case (Samsung S6)
7. Mobile disguised as something else
7a Powder compact (Xelibri 6)
7b Bar of chocolate (Sharp SH-04D)
7c Lip stick (Nokia 7280 & Nokia 7380)
7e Wrist watch (Samsung S9100)
7f Credit Card (Realphone Logophone)
8. Store of precious stones
8a Motorola
8b Goldvish
9. Novel Materials
9a Wood ( Mobiado Professional 105GMT and Gresso Luxor)
9b Plastic wood (Motorola StarTac)
9c See through plastic (Bosch 509e, Motorola Ming)
9e Glass (LG Crystal)
9f Cloth (Nokia 7200)
9g Eco-friendly biomass plastic
10. Mobiles Blessed by a Great Global Luxury Goods Brand
10a Dolce & Gabbana ( Motorola V3iDG)
10b Fender (HTC Fender)
10c Lamborghini (Nokia 8800 Sirocco)
10d Escada (Siemens SL55)
11. Outstanding Craftsmanship
11a Vertu Signature
11b TAGHeuer Meridiist
12.Works of Art
12a King Arthur Limited Edition of the Nokia 8800
12b Bang & Olufsen (Samsung) Serene
13. The Smart Watch
13a Striving for the perfect shape
13b The battery drain challenge
NEW DESIGN TRENDS IN MOBILE – Design" high-points" of mobile history (First Edition)
1.The Shape
The Japanese network operator KDDI set out to create a reputation for offering outstanding designs of mobile phones. The "Talby" was the third in a series in this mobile design project in which some of the world's leading designers were invited to create something special.
The Talby's almost perfect mobile form-factor
The designer was Australian born Marc Newson and the genius of the design was its combination of almost perfect form factor for a phone, futuristic look from its use of brushed aluminium, pop colours for the keys and very comfortable to hold in the hand. It was produced by Sanyo and launched in 2004 on the Au network in Japan.
(Back to the Table of Contents)
In its hey-day the Nokia 6310i was hugely sought after by the corporate executive. At one point the VIP demand was so high that Vodafone sent an e-mail around to its staff pleading for any staff that had one to give it to the Business Division in order to meet demand. It is not obvious at first glance why it was so popular.
Nokia 6310i – Approaching the optimal shape for a telephone
It boils down to the designer getting everything "just right" for a telephone. The length and depth of curve on each side of the body of the phone made it very comfortable to hold. The curve around the loud-speaker allowed the mobile to be pressed tightly to the ear to blot out office background noise. The keys could be easily pressed by the largest of fingers. The battery life was exceptional. Bluetooth made for easy connection in a car hands-free arrangement. It is one of the great "nostalgia" mobiles.
1c Drive to Thinness (Samsung U100)
One of the most pronounced design trends of the second decade of mobile phones was "thinness". Consumer focus groups brought out that something that is "body worn" should not stick out and mobiles were now regularly being tucked into a pockets. Our records show the world's thinnest mobile phone is the Samsung U100 (at 5.9mm) that came out in 2007.
Samsung U100 – the record of the world's thinnest mobile (at least in 2007)
An entertaining battle broke out in 2011 between Samsung and Apple as to who had the world's thinnest smartphone. In one corner the Galaxy S2 measuring 8.71mm at its thinnest point but bulging out to 9.19mm to accommodate the camera lens. In the other corner was the Apple iPhone 4 with a uniform 8.71mm the entire length. The referee was the UK Advertising Standards Authority. The ASA took the view that consumers would not be interested in the thinnest part of the device, but in its overall measurements that affected whether the device could fit easily into a pocket. Apple emerged with the 2011 crown. In terms of the battle of the smartphone giants, the flagship Samsung Galaxy S4 that came out in 2013 is 7.9mm thick..
Huawei Ascend P6 – record for the world's thinnest smartphone (2013)
In 2013 Huawei are claiming the world's thinnest smartphone at 6.18 mm with their Ascend P6 just beating the Alcatel Touch Idol Ultra at 6.45mm…just 0.28mm to go to match the record for the humble mobile telephone…although the Samsung U100 does have a camera lens ledge jutting out. The Apple iPhone 6 in late 2014 has arrived at 6.9mm.
Apples focus on thinness by model
New world record in mobile thinness are likely. GSMHistory will reflect them in future editions.
1d Defined by the biggest screen (From the Apple iPhone to Foldable Screen)
The Apple iPhone has transformed the mobile industrial design ethos. The front display screen is now at the centre of the design of a mobile smartphone. A lot of Internet content, particularly videos, look better when the mobile is held in a landscape view. Thus the picture aspect ratio now defines the necessary width of the smartphone.
Video looks better in Landscape view and this now drives the aspect ratio
Users want the largest possible screen, so no real estate is available beyond the screen for the mobile for the designer to use to differentiate their smartphone. That is fine when the screen is switched on. But when the smartphone is switched-off the mobile phone aesthetics reduces to a dreary black slab of glass. That has dominated the mobile phone shape for the best part of a decade.
This change of consumer priorities towards watching a screen has put into reverse the trend towards making mobile devices ever smaller. The illustration shows just how little
The Samsung Galaxy Note from 2013 and the Technophone M2 from 1987
the front face of a mobile phone has shrunk in nearly 30 years. The question now is how big a device consumers are prepared to carry – with the iPad defining the upper boundary
The Apple iPad has lifted expectations on how large a portable screen might be
of a portable device. A design breakthrough has been the foldable screen. It has been a long time coming due to the technology challenges that have had to be overcome to produce a foldable display that would not crack along the middle from 10's of thousands of opening an closing actions over the life of the smartphone.
The first company to bring a smartphone to market with a foldable OLED display was Royole
Royole Pai with outward foldable screen
The phone becomes an Android tablet screen when it is open and two Android phone screens when it is closed. In the closed mode it detects which side of the phone is being viewed and switches off the side of the display not being viewed.
Samsung chose a distinctively different approach with the inward foldable screen.
A second normal screen on the front allows many functions to be accessed without having to open up the folding screen. This is not only convenient but probably helps extend the life of the screen fold.
The inward foldable screen has allowed the re-emergence of one of the most popular mobile designs of all time…the Motorola Razr
Motorola Razr makes a come-back
Motorola captures the authentic Razr experience
The Samsung Galaxy Z is another example of the come-back of the flip phone.
A nice design feature of this smartphone is the joint that allows the phone to be used at multiple angles (Flex mode) for varied use cases.
The foldable screen is just at the start of its technology journey. Tri-fold screens are in prototype (2020). An industrial design milestone will come when somebody reintroduces the iconic AU Talby "candy bar" as a smartphone with foldable screen and recapture "a real telephone".
(Back to the Table of Contents).
Swatch was one of the first companies to bring both "a brand" and "colour" to the mobile phone. The design created by the Italian designer Fabrizio Galli for Swatch and launched in the UK and Italian analogue TACS markets in 1993. The mobile electronic innards were Nokia but the outside was pure Swatch – bold and colourful.
Swatch Mobile – First to bring both brand and colour
Another design first is the curved back making it more comfortable to clutch in the hand than some of its contemporary "bricks". The see-through plastic allowed a view of the electronic innards revealing perhaps the watch makers influence, although less fascinating than the moving parts of a watch.
At the time Fabrizio Galli was studying under Mario Bellini the world renowned Milan architect and designer. The mobile sold better in Italy than the UK but by 1993 GSM mobiles were in the ascendancy – so its sales life-span was relatively brief.
2b Design and Colour (LG LX600 Lotus)
The LG Lotus (LX600) combined design and colour to allow Sprint Nextel to better address the female market segment. It was introduced in 2008 in a soft mauve or darkish red. A black version was also available.
LG Lotus – Colour and design making something good from an ordinary mobile
In a joint marketing endeavour with LG the US fashion designer Christian Siriano designed a limited edition scarf (described by one commentator as "billowy") with a pocket specifically to accommodate the LG Lotus. In the same fashion show the mobile was to be seen half out of a pocket in a chocolate coloured vest on the catwalk. The mobile is likely to be remembered for much longer than the Siriano scarf but no doubt LG found an endorsement from the great designer very helpful.
The mobile industry was remarkably slow to exploit colour in their mobile designs. Black was the norm and set future customer expectations. Going for a very striking colour might attract some consumers but put off many more. Black was the safe choice. Ericsson was the first to discover a way to meet every taste in colour with the same mobile and also allow a user to change their minds half-way through the day – the snap on colour fascias.
Ericsson GA628 – Put the choice of colour into the hands of the consumer
The mobile itself was the very neat design that was the hallmark of Ericsson mobiles and introduced in 1996 on the GSM 900 networks
2d Colour Exclusivity (Siemens special edition of the SL55)
On pure design alone Siemens deserved to have a much bigger impact on the global mobile market than it managed to achieve before it exited in 2006. One of the best out of the Siemens design stable was the very neat SL55. The mobile was small and rounded like a pebble. It felt good to hold. Slide the mobile and the keyboard appeared. It came together as a great design but why were the colours so dull?
Siemens SL55 – A neat design in subdued colours
Siemens produced a very limited edition of the SL55 in the striking Ferrari red. On the back was the name of Vodafone and their logo as it appeared on the Ferrari F1 racing cars.
Siemens SL55 special edition – Colour as a principal differentiator
Vodafone were sponsoring Ferrari F1 at the time. The mobiles in this very eye-catching colour were given out as Corporate gifts and it is not evident that they were ever made available to the public.
3. Movement
The Sony culture excels in great designs that do not compromise on technical performance. One of the problems of shrinking the length of a mobile is that the distance between the human ear and mouth does not shrink with it. Hold a tiny mobile to the ear and the mobile microphone is capturing very little of the sound a voice is projecting. Sony came forward with a neat design solution – the swivel boom microphone on the Sony CM-R111.
Sony CM-R111 with natty hinged microphone boom
The mobile brought together an attractive style and form factor with features that maximised the mobile's technical performance – the boom microphone and extendible external antenna. The one draw-back was that the boom microphone was vulnerable to damage.
A "polar" alternative to the approach taken with the Sony CM-R111 was for the extendible piece to contain the loudspeaker. This design solution emerged with the Motorola StarTac in 1996.
StarTac introduces the hinged lid with earpiece and steers the industry towards the clamshell
The hinged cover was much stronger than the boom and also protected the keys from accidentally being depressed when carried in a pocket. It led the industry design route to the "Clamshell" that was to came to dominate mobile phone market over most of the early 2000's.
The earlier clamshell mobiles with a full screen in the lid had a thickness that made them look inelegant. This led some to take the view that the design was unlikely to catch-on. One such person was the CEO of Nokia. But is was not a view shared by consumers. Soon the entire market was moving towards clamshell mobiles. When one very very senior Vodafone executive in 2003 asked senior people at Nokia why they still had not produced a clamshell design of their own…not a word was said…all eyes looked upwards! It was not until late 2003 that Nokia gave way and announced their first clamshell, the Nokia 7200. There was perhaps only 3 months between the Nokia 7200 arriving in the market and Motorola announcing a clamshell mobile that took the world by storm – the Motorola RAZR V3.
Motorola RAZR V3 stunned the world with the clamshell's thinness
Motorola sold over 150m RAZR V3 (and variants) and the sheer number makes the design seem commonplace today. At the time its arrival it sent a high voltage shock right across the industry. It's slimness at 13.9mm was ground breaking for a clamshell. By way of comparison the Nokia 7200 was 26mm thick. In all regards the RAZR V3 was a master-class in industrial design right down to the electroluminescent keypad made from a single metal wafer.
3d Evolution of the Slider (From the Nokia 8110 to the 8800)
The Nokia 8110 announced in 1998 got the ball rolling in making "a slider" mechanism popular with consumers.
An early slider approach to a mobile that became a movie star in the film "The Matrix"
This mobile is also in a select group of great "nostalgia" mobile, cementing its place by being a prop in a particularly cool film of the period called "The Matrix". It's banana shape is also clever in bringing the microphone more directly in front of the mouth. However the disadvantage is its curved profile makes it less comfortable to carry in a shirt pocket.
The Siemens SL10, introduced in 1999, carried the slider into its mainstream form where the electronics is distributed between the two sliding sections.
Siemens SL10 evens out the volumes of the two sides of the slider mobile
The design high point of the slider mobile in the mass market is probably Nokia's 8800 series announced in 2005.
Nokia 8800 series becomes the design high-point for the "slider" approach
The Motorola Z8 offers an interesting curio for the collector of slider mobiles
Motorola Z10 brings back a curve to the slide
The twister has the same concept as the slider of breaking the mobile into two parts to reduce the length of the mobile not in use and the same flick of the thumb to produce a working mobile at its maximum length – but by a quite different mechanism. The Motorola V70 launched in 2002 demonstrated market interest in this novel rotational approach but interest in the concept muted by a mediocre technical performance. The V70 nevertheless remains a mobile of interest to collectors.
Motorola V70 adds the twist mechanism to mobile design history
Proof that the twister has its following came with the introduction at the luxury end of the market of the Motorola Aura in 2008.
Motorola Aura turns a twist mechanism into a luxury item
The mobile has an etched stainless-steel body and rotating cover with a visible gear mechanism. This throws into sharp contrast a stunningly clear screen enhanced by a 62-carrot sapphire-crystal lens.
3f Double twisters (Nokia N92/N93)
The high point of mobile designs involving moving mechanisms must surely be the Nokia N92 and N93 in 2005 and 2006 respectively. The lid swivels on one axis like a normal clamshell. It swivels on the other axis to make a neat screen to watch when the mobile is set down on a table. The angle of the screen is adjustable in this position.
Nokia N92 with a hinged lid to open and adjust for perfect mobile TV viewing
With those two axis of movement in place the screen can be set in almost any position relative to the rest of the mobile. This might be of some use when the camera function is being used but a more certain objective is just showing off a quite brilliant brilliant design.
Nokia N92 and N93 – The amazing double twist movement
4. The Keyboard Challenge
4a Lid on a Qwerty keyboard (Nokia 9000)
The seminal "Phones on the Move" UK DTI consultation document coined the phrase the "Office in the Pocket". There has been no office since the invention of the PC that has lacked a fully QWERTY key-board. So getting a full QWERTY key-board onto a mobile phone was essential to fulfil the mobile's "Office in the Pocket" destiny. The Nokia 9000 got the mobile phone to first base.
Nokia N9000 takes the mobile into a versatile "office in the pocket"
For a number of years the Nokia 9000 series has a band of loyal followers. Another excellent function of the mobile was it loud-speaker that provided an excellent audio conference terminal for office meeting rooms.
4b Sliding Qwerty keyboards
The Siemens SL10 is the first mobile with a slide-out keyboard. It was essentially a simple numeric keyboard and was marketed in 1999. One of the first Qwerty slide-out keyboards emerged in 2002 and was the Danger Hiptop. It presented "Landscape" view of the screen.
Danger Hiptop (re-badged as the T-Mobile Sidekick) reveals the Qwerty by a slide of the finger
The mobile was designed by Danger (later taken over by Microsoft), manufactured by Flextronics and marketed in 2002. T-Mobile popularised the mobile when the Danger Hiptop was re-badged to become T-Mobile Sidekick. There followed a series of very elegant Sidekick versions over the following 9 years. Most were made by Sharp but Samsung was chosen for the Sidekick 4G that arrived in 2011:
T-Mobile Sidekick 4G holds the faith in the basic slider design 12 years later
A few mobiles have come along with a slide-out Qwerty keyboard that presents a "Portrait" view of the screen. One of the earliest was the Blackberry 9800 that came out in 2010:
Blackberry 9800 is one of the rare portrait keyboard sliders
The "Landscape" screen presentation offers a wider associated Querty keyboard than the "Portrait" presentation. This seems more ideal. But Blackberry's decision to use the "Portrait" presentation on the 9800 is probably due to fitting better with the Blackberry form-factor design heritage.
4c Twisting Key-boards
It was inevitable that designs of mobiles would come on the market where the keyboard is revealed by twisting the top layer of the mobile. The Nokia 7705 is one example.
Nokia 7705 brings the twist to revealing a Qwerty keyboard
4d Hybrid key-boards – one slider
The HTC S740, that came out in 2007, provided a normal numeric keypad on the front of the mobile for telephone calls and a "Landscape" sliding Qwerty keyboard for text.
HTC S740 offers two different keyboards with the Qwerty sliding out
The LG Rumour is another example that came out in the same year.
LG Rumor – Another early design with dual keyboards
4e Hybrid keyboards two sliders
An interesting hybrid design is the Samsung U750 that came out in 2010. This has a dual hinge and opens one way for text on a Qwerty keyboard and the conventional flip-phone opening to expose a numeric keypad for telephone calls.
Samsung U750 – Offering two keyboards with a really clever dual hinge
An interesting feature of this design is how it avoids the patent filed in 2003 by Invatec Appliances Corp for a "Hand-held communication electronic apparatus having two slidable keypads".
The pure two slidable keyboard approach can be found in the Pantech Matrix C740 that ATT offered in 2008.
Pantech Matrix C740 uniquely offered two sliding keyboards
Keyboards are highly functional but that has not suppressed creative designers from making them attractive works of art. This is an area where people will have their own opinions of what looks beautiful. Even more contentious would be any sort of claim of the most beautiful. So the Blackberry Pearl is given only as a likely contender in the competition.
Blackberry Pearl provided a canvass to add fine decorative art to a Qwerty keyboard
Bring the two words "Blackberry" and "Porsche" together and the immediate assumption is that word "Porsche" is there to enhance the brand image of the Blackberry P9981. But looking at this quite stunning design and one can believe that it is the Porsche brand that is getting a brand up-lift from its association with the mobile. That said Thorsten Gessler and his Porche Design Group had a big input to the design.
Blackberry Porche Design takes keyboard design to a new high-point
The body of the phone is made from forged stainless steel and the back cover is hand-wrapped leather. What really lifts this phone into the league of its own is the design of the keyboard. It is a work of sculptured art. If the smartphone had been around in the times of Moses then surely the Tablet of Stone would have had this keyboard attached to it.
Paying homage to a great sculptured work of art in keyboard design
4g Numeric keypad as a work of art ( ÆSIR Æ+Y)
This mobile, announced in 2011, is a result of a collaboration organised by the Danish company ÆSIR and has resulted in a keypad that is a work of art created by the designer Yves Béhar:
An incredibly beautiful numeric keypad design from Béhar
The design philosophy of Yves Béhar was to try to return the mobile to its roots of voice, clarity and simplicity – a response to the design blandness of the smartphone. Its name may be difficult to translate into all languages but it speaks the universal language of a "work of art".
The tactile keyboard is very popular with users and particularly those spending a lot of time entering text. But for a smartphone, where the keyboard can appear and disappear on a screen with a swipe of a finger, the tactile keyboard is an extra cost, design complication and most of all adds to the thickness of the mobile. Consumers like thin mobiles. So a lot of design attention on keyboards has switched from hardware to software. But design creativity remains very much alive.
A good example is a proposal from John Lambie an Australian entrepreneur. which has been designed for optimum use with either one finger or to split itself in two for the use of two thumbs.
John Lambie keyboard App concept for faster thumb input of data into a smartphone
The keyboard order can be be flipped for easier use by left handed people. What is really instructive is to put this idea alongside an earlier mechanical innovation by Nokia that created a similar proposition in their mobile Nokia 6800:
Nokia 6800 hinged design marvel of its time vividly contrasts hardware versus software innovation
There could be no better example to show the potential of the smartphone in transforming the balance of mobile design from the physical world to the world of software application.
The first mobiles used keys to allow users to navigate between menus on a screen and up and down a menu. Nokia gained an early market lead in the analogue mobile era getting the interface right between key, strokes, screen menus and where the user was trying to navigate to. The next significant design innovation was the introduction of their 'Navi-Key' menu navigation system in 1997 with the Nokia 3110.
Navi-key (Nokia 3110)
(Back to Table of Contents)
A very distinctive alternative to the Nokia approach was the scroll-wheel introduced by Blackberry. It was on their very earliest models. The first Blackberry on a public cellular network with a scroll-wheel was the Blackberry 5810.
The source of Blackberry addiction – the scroll-wheel
It was loved by users and was a contributory factor to the "Blackberry Addiction"…where Executives would spend their waking hours scrolling up and down the flood of corporate e-mails they had received…pausing to click on the same scroll-wheel to read a particularly important e-mail. The blackberry would be held just below table level in meetings with the thumb having a full work-out and eyes down pretending to follow a paper being presented at the meeting.
In September 2006 BlackBerry introduced a miniature trackball that allowed full 4-way and mouse-style navigation on their Pearl 8100. In fact the name Pearl came from the fact that the trackball looked at a distance like a pearl.
Blackberry move from scroll-wheel to Trackball
The very early versions proved less reliable than the scroll-wheel. In June 2006 the T-Mobile Sidekick 3 also came out with a trackball. The emergence of the trackball from two manufacturers in 2006, the optical joystick from Samsung also in 2006 and the Apple iPhone and LG Prada with capacitive touch screen entry showed just how the momentum was building-up in in the industry 2006 for radical change in design philosophy in navigating around a mobile.
In December 2006 Samsung launched the first mobile featuring an optical joystick – the Samsung 'SCH-V960. Optical sensors read and reacted to a users' finger movements.
First Optical Joystick
It provided 360 degrees of movement and was the first departure from the traditional four-way menu navigation.
The first smartphone which was unlocked by the user swiping their finger across the touch sensitive screen was the Nionode N1 launched in 2004. Their technology used a web of light beams. When the mobile was locked a padlock was displayed with an arrow to indicate which way to swipe. An earlier version actually had the words "right sweep to unlock".
First mobile with finger swipe
Apple is credited with popularising an exceptionally easy to use smartphone navigation around swiping and touching a touch sensitive screen. It was one of those rare moments in design history of getting everything right in one leap.
Steve Jobs – One of the all time greats of mobile phone design
Apple may not have invented the capacitive touch screen or been the first to bring a mobile to market with one (the LG Prada was the first mobile with a capacitive touch screen) but their genius was bringing it to life in a way that smashed all the human factor barriers to users easily accessing the Internet on their smart phones. The proof of this has been the double digit compound growth rates of data across mobile networks ever since.
6a Taser disguised as a mobile
The industry has been packing all manner of features into mobile phones. What have designers come up with for self-defence in these troubled times? Where are the mobiles that shoot more than just photos?
The most popular approach appears to be the stun gun. There are at least half a dozen models of stun guns dressed up as mobile phones. Top of the range is the Kelin K95 manufactured in China.
A Taser disguised as a mobile phone
The 4.8v battery makes is appear harmless enough but it delivers a jolt of 2,500,000V. This places it in the voltage range of the Tasers used by many police forces – so it is no toy. The devices can be legally carried without any need for a permit in 43 states in the US but it is classed as a fire arm in many European and other countries and prohibited.
6b Gun disguised as a mobile
Some may take the view that if the stun gun is classed as a fire-arm – why not go for the real deal – a gun built into a mobile phone? It came as a surprise to the Italian Carabinieri in 2008 to discover what appeared to be a normal mobile phone but was actually a lethal firearm.
A covert gun disguised as a mobile phone
The mobile phone gun was found in a raid in a suburb of Naples, southern Italy, as part of an operation against the Gionta crime family. It fired four .22 bullets through an outlet at the top disguised as the aerial. The bullets were loaded by sliding the mobile phone below the screen sideways.
6c Pepper spray disguised as a mobile
Another approach to hiding a weapon in a mobile has come from company in Korea with a pepper spray housed in a mobile phone clam shell.
Pepper spray hidden inside a clamshell mobile phone
The majority of women would have found the mobile telephone contributing considerably more to their safety
6d Pepper spray as a clip-on accessory
What these offensive weapons built disguised as mobile have in common is that non of them allow the user to make or receive telephone calls on them. This is surprising as the greatest contribution to personal safety, by far, comes from the ability to telephone the police. .One designer has came up with quite an outstanding industrial design where a pepper spray does not impede the telephone function. It is an accessory for the Apple i-Phone.
Accessories provide huge industrial design opportunities eg this pepper spray add-on
Mobile designs can have flaws. For example most can be adapted so that they can be dialled and auto-answer on silent mode…even without the light coming on This turns the mobile into a listening device. This can be done with almost any mobile but some were easier to modify without having to get inside the mobile.
The darker side of mobile phone design
The Nokia 1100 got for itself a particularly dark reputation. In 2009 Investigators were curious why these mobiles were
Nokia 1100 – a software design flaw on some models
fetched over 500 times more than the usual second hand price. But it was only for ones manufactured at Nokia's German plant in Bockum that fetched these astronomic prices. It turned out that they had a software design flaw (bug) that allowed criminals to reprogramme them to use someone else's phone number. This enabled them to intercept the Transaction Authentication Number (TAN) codes sent by some German and Dutch banks to authorise money transfers.
These example are few and far between for the older generation of mobiles that used proprietary software. This shielded users from all the bugs, viruses and malware that have long been the bane of our PC's connected to the Internet. One of the down-sides of Smart phone is that they open the flood-gate to all these troubles and woes that will hit the mobile user in due time.
In November 2015 a suicide bomber ignited his bomb outside the State de France in Paris and sent a shower of lethal shrapnel flying in all directions. One struck a passing Parisian on his way home. His Samsung S6 smartphone took the full impact of this high velocity jagged metal shrapnel piece.
Samsung S6 – Damage from bomb shrapnel
The strength of the case and glass screen probably saved his life. A credit to the quality of material used for this particular smartphone and an addition to the annals of unusual benefits of carrying a mobile phone.
7. A mobile disguised as something
7a Powder compact ( Xelibri 6)
Siemens is considered by many to have been one of the first pioneers of "the fashion phone" with their Xelibri series. Six very distinctive mobiles were produced in the series from various designers. The star of the series was the Xelibri 6 that was made to look like an elegant ladies power compact in an appropriate pink:
Siemens Xelibri 6 led in innovative fashion mobile design
It remains today a popular collectors item.
7b Bar of chocolate
In 2012 the Japan mobile operator DoCoMO caught the design world's attention introducing a mobile that was made to look like a bar of chocolate. Sharp made the mobile in collaboration with Q-Pot and their designer Tadaaki Wakamatsu.
Sharp and Q-Pot shape a mobile in a very convincing looking bar of chocolate
At first glance is looks like a tongue-in-cheek bit of fun. But sitting behind is the mobile at the centre of a very clever marketing plan. Q-Pot have developed a brand around "youth and fun". It is used to sell fashion accessories. DoCoMo wants to better penetrate the youth market – which the combination of the Q-Pot brand and the novelty
Weaving a successful brand story around a new mobile
Quite brilliant and with a legacy of a very collectable item of any mobile design collection.
7c Lip stick phone
Nokia's two iconic lip-stick mobiles, the Nokia 7280 and 7380 emerged in 2004 and 2005 respectively
Nokia's highly successful lipstick mobile duo
They well represent a period of Nokia's life when the company was brimming with the self-confidence to experiment with a variety of designs and form factors that pushed the boundaries of conventional thought. The mobiles target the young female market – one that had been generally under served in mobile design. The Nokia 7280's input mechanism was designed by Ron Bird but initially for a semi-professional camera Nokia were developing with the code name was 'Caprice' that was never brought to market. (For more detail of the input mechanism, see video)
7d Wrist Watch Phone
The world's first wrist watch mobile phone was the Samsung SPH-WP10 in 1999. This is illustrated in our vintage mobile collection. There have been many since and a large number of very inexpensive watch mobiles are readily available from China. The two most enduring watch mobiles at the quality end of the mobile market have been the Samsung S9100 and LG GD910. We show the Samsung S9100 below:
Samsung S9100 turns the mobile into a very smart wristwatch
7e Credit Card
Real Phone Corporation produces GSM mobiles with the size and form factor of credit cards.
Working GSM mobile in a credit card
What some may first see as a design gimmick has a more serious commercial purpose. It uses the mobile as a promotional gift to publicise corporate logos. At an earlier time the pen or diary were the customary items for corporate gifts bearing corporate logos.
The mobile becomes a corporate promotional gift
There have been a line of luxury mobiles where the key attribute are the precious jewels affixed to the body of an otherwise standard mobile. A good example of this is the Motorola V220 special edition:
Motorola V220 transports a store of wealth
Today a Motorola V220 could be acquired today for £12 at auction but the Special Edition would costs over 2300 times this figure – elevated by 1,200 diamonds encrusted on the mobile, 18 carat gold keypad and the name of the designer Peter Aloisson associated with it. At the end of the day the mobile has become a means of carrying around a store of value in the precious stones.
The Goldvish "Le million" represents the very top of this class of mobile jewel studded mobile:
Goldvish create the world's most expensive mobile – "Le million"
It is officially the most expensive mobile phone in the world, according the Guiness Books of Records. The "Le million" is a one off, featuring a blinding 120 carats worth of VVS-1 grade diamonds, according to designer Emmanuel Gueit. What makes this mobile perhaps more than just a carrier of precious stones. The shape of the mobile is unusual – even exotic.
9a Wood
The Mobiado Professional 105GMT mobile may have been more appropriately located under super-luxury or even a work of art. It is relevant to a section on unusual materials though its use of ebony. The entire front and back is created from a 274 carat sapphire crystal set into a 5 micron think 24 carat gold plated brass frame. This is inlaid with ebony hardwood. The battery cover is made entirely from one large piece of sapphire crystal.
Mobiado's use of Ebony Hardwood
Gresso introduced a luxury mobile in 2006 made entirely out of African blackwood
Gresso's unique use of African Blackwood
The variation in the wood has enabled Gresso to claim that each mobile is unique.
9b Plastic wood
A very early example of mobile designers reaching out for materials other than mat black plastic is this edition of a Motorola StarTac:
Motorola bringing illusion of a fine veneer wood for a special edition Motorola StarTac
The material is still plastic but much effort has gone into making it look like expensive walnut wood – the sort that might be found on the dashboard of an early Jaguar car.
9c See through plastic
Plastic has been used imaginatively in several mobiles. The first noteworthy effort is the Bosch 509e.
Bosche 509e wins a place in the Museum of Design in Plastic
It has see through plastic so the innards of the mobile engine are visible. The choice of colour was chosen to align with the house colour of the network operator "Orange". The mobile is in the Collection of the "Museum of Design in Plastics" in University College at Bournemouth.
A clever use of high transparency plastic is the Motorola "Ming":
Motorola Ming uses clear plastic to add class to its mobile
The see-through hinged lid protects the screen and provides almost a shop window effect on a nicely styled mobile and lifts it above the plethora of other clamshell mobiles. The clear plastic projects an image of something behind that is worthwhile enough to protect.
A very clever use of transparent material is the LG GD900 "Crystal" where the numeric key-pad has been etched onto a piece of glass that slides down to expose the key-pad
LG Crystal that etches the keyboard on glass to re-enforce the image of a "crystal"
9e Fabric
The Nokia 7200 was Nokia's first clamshell mobile. It immediately differentiated itself from the mass of other "silver" clamshell mobiles by a very tasteful use of cloth over part of the body of the mobile giving it more of a feel of a fashion phone:
Nokia 7200 uses fabric to differentiate the mobile and make a fashion statement
There are a number of mobiles that have done the same thing with leather.
Vertu Ascent – One of many mobiles to use leather to make the mobile feel special
9f Eco-friendly biomass plastic
The DoCoMo N701iECO is a 3G (UMTS) clamshell mobile with 1.2MP camera and a battery standby time of 430 hours. Nothing exceptional there. What is special is that it is the first mobile to be made from (90%) high-biomass plastic.
N701i – World's first biomass mobile casing
The plastic (kenaf-reinforced polylactic acid or PLA) is made from lactic acid obtained by fermenting dextrose from a biosource corn PLA made in an industrial composting facilities. To improve the material's strength and heat resistance woody fiber is added from the kenaf plant (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a fast-growing plant. Moisture resistance is improved by using a synthesised version of PLA, Terramac. The mobile resulted from a collaboration between NEC and fiber/textile manufacturer Unitika. The mobile was launched in 2006 on the DoCoMo network with a strong emphasis on its contribution to sustainable materials.and low carbon footprint.
Over the past few decades all the leading mobile manufacturers have sought to lift their own images by producing limited (or special) editions of their mobiles simply by adding the name of a widely recognised fashion or luxury good global brands on the mobile. It has then been presented to the market with the right packaging and premium price. Three examples are given below.
10a Dolce & Gabbana (Motorola V3iDG)
Motorola V3iDG- aspecial edition was certainly not a limited edition but one that sold very well.
Fender are extremely highly regarded is some parts of the pop music world for their electric guitars and high quality loud-speakers.
HTC Fender Edition – Linking the mobile to a leading brand in the pop music industry
The HTC showed a lot of marketing sophistication with a collaboration with Fender in 2009 to promote a smartphone directly addressing this youth sub-culture.
The Lamborghini Nokia 8800 Sirocco is another special edition, this time out of the Nokia stable. It is a standard 8800 Sirocco but with the addition of the famous Lamborghini logo engraved on the font and the back.
Lamborghini Nokia 8800 Sirocco levers a motorcar super-brand onto a mobile
This example had the added cache that the ball bearings in the slider phone mechanism were supplied to Nokia from the auto company. It was a limited edition of 500 that all featured Lamborghini graphics as wallpapers and screen savers. There was even a special ringtones and short documentary video about the Lamborghini.
If there is something the perfume company Escada does exceptionally well is beautiful packaging of their bottles of perfume. When Siemens partnered with Escarda to market a special edition of their SL55 mobile they did not disappoint in packaging the tiny mobile in the very highest Escada branded packaging right down to the Escada house colour:
Escada add the packaging flair to a Siemens SL55
It takes more than adding a Luxury brand name to a mobile to lift it into the luxury goods market. The approach has been some combination of outstanding craftsmanship, expensive materials and great styling. The company with the most consistent record of turning these elements into successful products is Vertu. The Vertu Signature launched in 2003 is a model that probably best sums up the Vertu founding design culture:
Vertu Signature – one of the most successful designs from Vertu
The TAGHeuer Meridiist claim to this top league of mobiles is the 430 hand-assembled components. These sit inside a sturdy stainless steel body with a screen made from 60.5 carat scratch resistant sapphire crystal.
TAGHeuer Meridiist makes hand-craftmanship central to its design
The marketing strap line for the Meridiist is "Time in your Hand". This built on a design feature of a small messaging display in the top of the mobile allowing the user a discrete glance at the time, calling number identity and even incoming messages.
12. Works of Art
A "craft" industry has sat under the mobile industry for a number of years that has taken standards (usually top of the range) mobiles and embellishing them with creative designs.
One of the best examples of design-craft is the King Arthur Limited Edition of the Nokia 8800
King Arthur Limited Edition – a sub-industry adding craft to a mobile
The mobile was produced by Olinari, a company formed in 2006 to take everyday gadgets and turn them into works of art. The enterprise was known at an earlier time as Loriolus and customised Nokia mobiles by gold and chrome plating them.
Showing the level of detail of the King Arthur
The "King Arthur" took this craft to a new level and is regarded as one of the best examples of a mobile as "a work of art".
Those with a far less traditional view of art and more attracted to the Scandinavian school of design will be more impressed with the Bang & Olufsen (Samsung) Serene
Bang & Olufsen (Samsung) Serene – Work of Art Scandinavian style
The smartwatch has opened up a new frontier of design challenge. The smartwatch differs from the mobile telephone built into a watch. It is a mobile computer built into a watch and defines the first design challenge: 100's of years of conventional watch design reveals a general consumer preference for a round watch face but the ideal computer display is a rectangle. How has the industry met this challenge?
Shapes selected by some of the leading smartwatch suppliers
The challenge become clearer when the consumer moves from reading the time to interacting with the computer and data functions:
Visual impact of the display is a key design driver
The circular display imposes an extra limitation on displaying information generated in a rectangular format world.
A notable design innovation is the curved display used to very great effect with the Samsung Gear S.
Whilst the shape of the smartwatch may influence purchasing decisions it will be a trade-off between usefulness of the applications versus the chore of having to recharge the batteries every day that is likely to determine how many will finish-up in a drawer. Different companies are meeting this huge battery drain design challenge in different ways:
Ultra low battery drain display
The Pebble uses an e-paper display:
Pebble's e-paper display limitations
This design approach extends the period between recharging the battery to an impressive 7 days. The e-paper display also offers good contrast that stands up reasonable well in day-light. But the display lacks the impact of colour.
Hybrid approach to the display
A start-up company Kairos is developing a novel design approach to power management. The watch function is a mechanical automatic self-winding movement with a 42 hour power reserve. Overlaying this is a 40% transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED) display:
Kairos hybrid smartwatch
Kairos is claiming an impressive battery life of 5-7 days for the smartwatch function but more impressive is the cross-over this design achieves with the luxury end of the watch market.
Making the chore of charging the battery just that bit simpler
Both Apple and Motorola (Lenovo) designers have come up with very thoughtful ways to make charging their smartwatches less of a chore:
Apple inductive coupling simple enough to do in the dark
Moto 360 charging dock turns the smartwatch into a bed-side clock
The battery drain challenge journey is just beginning.
Do you now want to read about what has been happening inside the mobile? The technology history of the mobile is presented in the companion article that records the "technology firsts" of the mobile world:
Click on: VINTAGE MOBILES
VINTAGE MOBILES WANTED
Motorola Dynatac 8000X
One to sell? – please contact stephen4temple@googlemail.com. Must be in excellent condition.
Microsoft SPOT watch
One to sell? – please contact stephen4temple@googlemail.com with a price and full description of its condition
Nokia 8800 "King Arthur" Limited Edition
Samsung SPH-WP10
Matsushita P2101V
Samsung SCH-V200
Kyocera VP210
Samsung B600
Samsung SCH-B710
© 2021 GSM History: History of GSM, Mobile Networks, Vintage Mobiles, All rights reserved. Published by stephenTemple.co.uk.


Tickets sold from September 12, 2018 until September 18, 2018. Tickets can be booked for flights from September 22, 2018 till May 15, 2019.
Departure period: 09/22/2018 – 11/15/2018. Return period: 09/22/2018 - 05/15/2019.


Jamie Sharp is a geotechnical engineer with over 20 years' experience conducting and managing site investigation projects around the world for ConeTec. Jamie currently leads the ConeTec group of companies. ConeTec is a full service geotechnical, geoenvironmental, and mining site investigation contractor with offices throughout the America's. The ConeTec group includes Mud Bay Drilling in Canada and California Push Technologies in California.
ConeTec completed a large and comprehensive nearshore geotechnical site investigation in the summer and fall of 2016 on behalf of the Port of Vancouver. This case history covers the preparation, execution, and initial data analysis aspects of the site investigation.
The proposed Roberts Bank Terminal 2 Project will be a new three-berth container terminal at Roberts Bank in Delta, BC. The site will be located on reclaimed land immediately NW of the existing terminal, with water depths ranging from 4 m to 25 m. The field investigation included deep CPTu and SCPTu testing, downhole seismic testing, electric Vane Shear Tests, and sonic / mud-rotary boreholes with disturbed and undisturbed sampling. Concurrent with the field work, a comprehensive laboratory program was conducted by others.
This presentation will cover innovations made and challenges faced while performing a nearshore site investigation for a major port terminal in a high-risk seismic environment.
$20 Professionals, Students Free! Casual dinner will be served.
We will be live-streaming this presentation to various offices in California. If you would like to join Geocon in N.Hollywood/Burbank for dinner and to watch the presentation in their conference room, please RSVP to Neal Berliner.
If you are interested in hosting a similar viewing party for your office or local Emerging Professionals, please e-mail Kelly Cabal.


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Greetings, loyal listeners. Today, blog founder AD joins me to discuss the big sports topic of the last two weeks . . . the Olympics. Listen as we discuss everything from soccer, to track and field, to how much better the US is than China. That's right China, we're better than you. And ALDLAND is better than the Chinese equivalent of ALDLAND.
After another short-ish break, Aldland is back with another podcast, this time featuring blog creator AD. We have doubled the number of listeners to our podcast, and are producing an appropriately epic podcast to honor the occasion. Listen as we talk baseball, Saints bounty program and obviously, about the biggest news story of the year. Click that play button!
We do a lot here with sports and music, so an opportunity to combine the two is pretty irresistible. Such an opportunity comes today in the form of a positive externality of the NFL's crackdown on the New Orleans Saints' bounty program, which we've been covering here on a derivative level. Back in March, the league suspended Saints head coach Sean Payton for a year because of the bounties. As a Deadspin reader reports, Payton seems to be handling his time off just fine.
I am shocked and extremely disappointed by the NFL's decision to suspend me for the 2012 season. Commissioner Roger Goodell has refused to share any of the supposed evidence he claims supports this unprecedented punishment. The reason is clear: I never paid, or intended to pay, $10,000, or any amount of money, to any player for knocking Kurt Warner, Brett Favre or any other player out of the 2009 Divisional playoff game, 2010 NFC Championship Game or any other game.
I never set out to intentionally hurt any player and never enticed any teammate to intentionally hurt another player. I also never put any money into a bounty pool or helped to create a bounty pool intended to pay out money for injuring other players. I have always conducted myself in a professional and proud manner.
I intend to fight this injustice, to defend my reputation, to stand up for my team and my profession, and to send a clear signal to the commissioner that the process has failed, to the detriment of me, my teammates, the New Orleans Saints and the game.


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HomeRussia & FSU
International Red Cross suspends operations in Ukraine
The move comes after Russia launched missile strikes across the country
Emergency services take away destroyed cars in the center of Kiev, Ukraine on October 10, 2022. © Getty Images / NurPhoto / Oleksandr Khomenko
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has suspended its work in Ukraine. The decision follows missile strikes by Russia across the country, which the Kremlin said, were in response to terrorist actions by Kiev.
"For security reasons, our teams have paused operations today," an ICRC spokesperson told Reuters in an emailed statement. The spokesperson did not provide any estimates on when its activities might resume.
Earlier on Monday, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) said it had also halted its humanitarian work in the country until it was safe to resume.
The suspension of activities by the aid groups comes in the aftermath of missile strikes on multiple locations across Ukraine, including the capital Kiev, launched by Russia early on Monday.
READ MORE: Ukraine releases data on casualties after Russian strikes
The assault damaged 11 key infrastructure sites across the country, according to Ukrainian Prime Minister Denis Shmigal. At least ten people were killed and more than 60 injured in the attack, the Ukrainian national police said.
The strikes came in retaliation for Kiev's "terrorist" activities and attempts to target Russia's critical civilian infrastructure, Russian President Vladimir Putin has confirmed. Over the past months, Ukraine has targeted high-voltage power lines connecting a Russian nuclear power plant to the electricity grid, attempted to sabotage an export gas pipeline, and ultimately, staged the blast that damaged the Crimea Bridge, the president said, warning that Moscow will no longer tolerate such "terrorist" tactics from Kiev.
Red Cross – ICRCRussiaUkraine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1. To clear heat and relieve irritability.
1. Thirst in febrile disease. Bamboo leaf (Zhuye) is used with Gypsum (Shigao) and Ophiopogon root (Maidong) in the formula Zhuye Shigao Tang.
2. Flaring up of heart fire manifested as ulceration in the mouth or on the tongue; or heart fire shifting to the small intestine manifested as dribbling urination. Bamboo leaf (Zhuye) is used with Clematis stem (Mutong) and Fresh rehmannia root (Shengdihuang) in the formula Daochi San.


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Hurry Up and Partake in the Online Gold Rush!
Becoming an SEO reseller has so many benefits…but, what is it exactly? Chances are, if you are a business owner, you have heard a great deal about SEO reseller plans, but it is not as often that people go into an in depth explanation of what becoming a reseller actually entails.
Fortunately, this is one of those times…one of those opportunities to gain an in depth understanding of online marketing and Search Engine Optimization (Seo). Tune in and take notes, because SEO has a wealth of opportunities for your company to generate more leads.


How Long should You Wait to Date after the Death of a Spouse?
The women who Arlene asked are correct: The length of time to wait to date again is different for everyone.
I don't think respect is the issue here. I don't know any details about the man's marriage. His wife could have been ill for years while he stood by her. If that were the case, he had already shown great respect for her.
Or, what if their marriage was unhappy and miserable? But out of respect for her and the institution of marriage, he hung in there. Waiting to date wouldn't accomplish anything else.
A more important question: has he properly grieved and healed? If he hasn't, he should not be dating. Men tend to date quicker than women after the death of a spouse. What often happens, particularly with new widowers, is that they are lonely; they start to date before they are ready. A nice woman comes along and falls in love with him.
A little later, he realizes he still misses his wife terribly and dumps the new girlfriend. So, in protecting his heart, he breaks hers. That's not good.
What's the proper period to wait for grief recovery? Impossible to say. Many times, I've asked widows and widowers how long they waited to date.
What happens if someone is still grieving and he or she meets someone they think would be a great partner who becomes interested in them?
Here's where honesty is paramount. Out of respect for the new person, he should tell her he's still grieving but feels they could become a loving couple, and, if she would be patient with him, it could work out. Then, as they go forward, they can openly and honestly discuss how things are progressing. In that way, no one gets blindsided.
Somewhat along that line, I had a friend whose mother saw a man she knew. His wife had died just months before. My friend said, "Mom questioned me whether it was too soon after his wife had died for her to ask him out for coffee. I told her you can't control when opportunity knocks, and if you don't answer the knock, it may not return.
In other words, it's no one's business except the partner left behind on when they decide to date.
One thing is certain: As we enter our 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s, we don't have a lot of time to waste in deciding if we're ready to date or not.
So, perhaps Arlene will not judge too harshly the mid-60s widower who is dating six months after his wife passed away. Let's hope he has adequately healed.
Next Post Obituary: Robert Floyd "Bubba" Beauchamp Jr.


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Listing information last updated on April 20th, 2019 at 9:03pm EDT.


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Q: how to interface java and matlab I would like to execute a Matlab function calling it from Java. I imported the com.mathworks.engine library, but it gives me the following error: no nativemvm in java.library.path . Thanks in advance.

A: Add the matlab library to your IDE(eclipse or others) or System (if you don't use any IDEs ), see below:

Image reference

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a common classifier used for efficient classification with high accuracy.
Read more about SVM classifier on chip for melanoma detection.
Wireless chest wearable vital sign monitoring platform for hypertension.
Hypertension, a silent killer, is the biggest challenge of the 21(st) century in public health agencies worldwide .
Read more about Wireless chest wearable vital sign monitoring platform for hypertension.
Classification of voluntary coughs applied to the screening of respiratory disease.
Pulmonary and respiratory diseases (e.g. asthma, COPD, allergies, pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc.) represent a large proportion of the global disease burden, mortality, and disability.
Read more about Classification of voluntary coughs applied to the screening of respiratory disease.
Characterization of microphones for snoring and breathing events analysis in mHealth.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders, especially in elderly population. Despite its high prevalence and severe consequences, most patients remain undiagnosed due to serious limitations on the existing equipment.
Read more about Characterization of microphones for snoring and breathing events analysis in mHealth.
mHealth tools for monitoring Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients at home: Proof-of-concept.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder that affects mainly the adult and elderly population.
Read more about mHealth tools for monitoring Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients at home: Proof-of-concept.
Feature analysis of dysphonia speech for monitoring Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that has no known cure and no known prevention. Early detection is crucial in order to slow down the progress. In the past 10 years, interest in PD analysis has visibly increased.
Read more about Feature analysis of dysphonia speech for monitoring Parkinson's disease.
Noninvasive hemoglobin measurement using unmodified smartphone camera and white flash.
We show that a mobile phone can measure hemoglobin levels using the built-in RGB camera and white LED without modification.
Read more about Noninvasive hemoglobin measurement using unmodified smartphone camera and white flash.
A comparative study of electronic stethoscopes for cardiac auscultation.
There are several electronic stethoscopes available on the market today, with a very high potential for healthcare namely telemedicine, assisted decision and education. However, there are no recent comparatives studies published about the recording quality of auscultation sounds.
Read more about A comparative study of electronic stethoscopes for cardiac auscultation.
Design of an mHealth System for Maternal and Children HIV care.
While progress has been made to slow down its spread and increase uptake of treatment, human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still a highly significant health problem for many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Read more about Design of an mHealth System for Maternal and Children HIV care.
Modelling and analysis of four telemedicine Italian experiences.
In the last 10 years the European population aged 65 years and over grew of 2.3%, with Italy having the highest share of elderly persons in the total population.
Read more about Modelling and analysis of four telemedicine Italian experiences.


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This Union Pacific diesel freight set was only available in 1957 and included four introductory freight cars. It's a common set and was the first set to be displayed in the 1957 annual consumer catalogue.
This set is somewhat noteworthy as it featured Lionel's all-new and completely re-designed Alco diesel. Although these diesels lacked the bulk, detail and quality when compared to the Alco's of the early 1950's, these diesels are still dependable locomotives. Additionally, this set introduced the AAR freight car truck. It was completely new for 1957 and remainded the standard freight car truck until the end of the postwar era.
As a side note, set 725 and 1569 are identical. Lionel distributed their four-digit set numbers to the large, country-wide wholesalers. The local Mom & Pop stores received the three-digit numbered sets.
Plus: 1037 transformer, 027 track, 1008 camtrol, lubricant, billboards and instruction booklets.


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With a wealth of experience spanning over 20 years The Lakes Quartet is well known for the quality of its playing, the variety and breadth of their repertoire, and the professional and friendly service they offer.
All the players are professional musicians whose wide experience includes work with the Royal Opera House, English National Ballet, Welsh National Opera, Manchester Camerata, the Halle and London Philharmonic Orchestras, as well as locally with Lakeland Sinfonia and the North Pennine Orchestra.
The Lakes Quartet performs frequently at weddings and civil ceremonies, and has played at a wide variety of corporate events and private functions, such as garden and birthday parties, fashion shows and antique fairs.
The Quartet plays regularly at prestigious venues throughout the Lake District and the North of England, including the Netherwood Hotel, Langdale Chase Hotel, Cragwood Country House Hotel, Storrs Hall, Muncaster Castle, Askham Hall, Armathwaite Hall, Grange Hotel, Gilpin Lodge and Lake House, Merewood Country House Hotel, Abbey House Hotel, Linthwaite House and many others.The players can also be booked to play further afield, in July 2011 the quartet was invited to play for the Golden Wedding celebrations of Lord and Lady Judd at the House of Lords.
Live music is the perfect way to create a very special atmosphere, and adds elegance to any occasion. The Lakes Quartet is very flexible, and happy to play inside or outdoors, in a variety of settings from steamboats to castles and marquees. We can help you plan an imaginative programme to suit both formal and informal occasions.


I always wanted to practise medicine in Africa and as a result, chose to do all six weeks of my allocated elective period in Africa. I heard about Work the World (WTW) from my university and spoke with previous students who had travelled with them.
Ghana was a good choice for me as it is labelled as the 'gateway to Africa', and I wanted somewhere safe and friendly for my trip to the continent. I was also attracted by the fact that English is very widely spoken and the WTW house is close to the coast, so beaches are easy to get to.
From the very beginning of my planning the trip, WTW was there every step. With regular phone calls, updates and advice, I found myself with very little stress or worry, and the organisation of accommodation and hospital placements were taken out of my hands.
I chose to spend two weeks at A&E, one week at the Village Healthcare Experience, two weeks back at hospital in Anaesthetics, and a further one week at the Orthopaedics ward. I found that this was a good mix, as variety would keep things more interesting. The hospital placements were completely different from home and gave me a real insight into the healthcare system of a low-resource setting. That being said, it was a bit of a challenge to adjust to the different attitudes to healthcare. Although the placements can be challenging, there is a lot of opportunity to see cases and patients that would never be seen in the back home. My village week was also a great opportunity to see interesting and very rare conditions.
The WTW house was a great experience with lots of friendly people, lovely staff and amazing food. The staff are usually about the house or can easily be accessed by phone in case of a problem arising. I felt safe and secure in the location and was grateful for the support offered when people were ill or in difficulty.
One of the things I enjoyed most about Ghana was the travelling at the weekends. There is so much to see and do and all within driving distance. We visited the stilt village, stayed a night in the rainforest, went to beach resorts and had great experiences.
I would recommend travelling to Ghana, especially if it is a first trip to Africa. All in all, I had a great trip, made so much more relaxed by the safety and security offered by WTW.


C. James (Jim) Bethanis, 83, died peacefully on September 26, 2011, with his loving wife of 33 years at his side. Jim suffered from Parkinson's Disease since 1985. He lived in Sedona, AZ for the last 21 years. Born in San Francisco on August 16, 1928, he is the son of late Aleck Bethanis and Lillian (Werner) Bethanis. Jim and his mother opened an appliance business in 1947 in Burbank, California. He later expanded the building on Glenoaks Blvd., and sold televisions and air conditioners. Jim was a Salvation Army board volunteer in Burbank for over 30 years, and he served as chairman in Sedona for over 10 years. Jim attended North Hollywood High School and the University of Southern California. He is a veteran of the Korean War and served in the Air Force. Jim is survived by his wife, Jeannine, daughters Sue Bethanis and Suzie Winn (Derek), sons Mark Bethanis and Jeffrey Brehmer (Lisa), grandchildren Kendall Winn, Carter Winn and Max Bethanis, sister Carol Ann Pollock (Nelson), and brother Alan Bethanis. The family asks that, in lieu of flowers, please consider donating to Jim's favorite charity, The Burbank Salvation Army. A memorial service and celebration of life will be on Nov. 12, 2011 in Burbank. Please call 818-842-2300 for details.