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You are at :Home»News»SM-3 Block IIA Set for First Ever ICBM Intercept Test
SM-3 Block IIA is an exo-athmospheric interceptor
SM-3 Block IIA Set for First Ever ICBM Intercept Test
The U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA), U.S. Navy and Raytheon are set to put the SM-3 Block IIA through its paces by testing the interceptor against an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) for the first time.
Xavier Vavasseur 24 Feb 2020
Naval News first learned about the upcoming ballistic missile defense test, which is set to take place at the end of the year, during the Surface Navy Association's National Symposium (SNA 2020) which took place in January.
Our video interview with Raytheon on SM-3 during SNA 2020
Talking to Naval News at the show, Roy Donelson, senior director of strategic & missile defense systems at Raytheon, said "We are going to participate in a test that will take on advanced threats such as an ICBM". Donelson confirmed this will be the first ever test of an SM-3 against an ICBM target.
To learn more details about this upcoming test, Naval News reached out to the Missile Defense Agency and asked the following questions:
Naval News: When and where the test will take place ?
MDA Spokeperson Heather Cavaliere: FTM-44 is scheduled for FY20-Q3 and will be conducted in the Pacific Ocean.
Naval News: Which ICBM target will be used? An actual Trident missile, or a surrogate target simulating an ICBM?
MDA Spokeperson Heather Cavaliere: A threat representative ICBM target. The unclassified designation for this target is ICBM T2 (Type 2) and it is manufactured by Northrop Grumman.
Naval News: Will the SM-3 Block IIA be launched from land or from a ship ?
MDA Spokeperson Heather Cavaliere: The SM-3 Block IIA missile will be launched from a ship. For operational security reasons, we do not release the name of the ship involved.
According to Gunter's Space Page, the ICBM-T2 three stage launch vehicle is based likely on a Trident-C4 stage one and two Pegasus-based stages for simulating ICBM warheads for the MDA. The target vehicle is built by Orbital ATK, now Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems (NGIS). The first stage is likely a refurbished Trident-C4 stage topped by two stages based on Orion-50 motors, similar to the IRBM-T1 target missile. The vehicle is ground launched from Meck Island on the Reagan Test Site at Kwajalein. Learn more about the MDA's ballistic missile targets on this MDA PDF.
ICBM-T2 was previously used as target to test Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) as part of the MDA's FTG-15 and FTG-11 in 2017 and 2019 respectively.
About SM-3 Block IIA Interceptor
SM-3 launch from a US Navy cruiser. MDA picture.
The SM-3 Block IIA is designed to destroy SRBM (short range ballistic missile) and IRBM (intermediate-range ballistic missiles). It is a joint development project started in 2006 by Raytheon and Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
Compared to previous variant of the missile (like the SM-3 Block IB), the Block IIA variant features a larger rocket motor and a larger kinetic interceptor. According to its developer and manufacturer Raytheon, The SM-3 interceptor is a defensive weapon the U.S. Navy uses to destroy ballistic missiles. The interceptor uses sheer force, rather than an explosive warhead, to destroy its target. Its "kill vehicle" hits threats with the force of a 10-ton truck traveling 600 mph. This technique, referred to as "hit-to-kill," has been likened to intercepting a bullet with another bullet.
The SM-3 Block IIA successfully completed a full engagement test against a medium-range ballistic missile target in October 2018.
The MDA awarded Raytheon a $1 billion SM-3 Block IIA contract in December 2019. Earlier that year, the U.S. State Department approved a possible Foreign Military Sale to Japan of up to 73 SM-3 Block IIA missiles for an estimated cost of $3.295 billion.
Ballistic Missile BMD ICBM MIssile Defense Agency Raytheon SM-3 US Navy 2020-02-24
Tags Ballistic Missile BMD ICBM MIssile Defense Agency Raytheon SM-3 US Navy
Bell Boeing CMV-22B Osprey Successfully Completes First Flight
Xavier Vavasseur 21 Jan 2020
The first CMV-22B Osprey, built by Boeing and Bell Textron Inc., a Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT) company, completed first flight operations at Bell's Amarillo Assembly Center.
Boeing and U.S. Navy Complete First Super Hornet IRST Block II Flight
For the first time, Boeing and the U.S. Navy flew an F/A-18 Super Hornet equipped with an Infrared Search & Track (IRST) Block II pod in late 2019.
U.S. Navy Launched NSM From LCS Using General Dynamics Combat System
The USS Gabrielle Giffords crew successfully demonstrated the fully operational Naval Strike Missile (NSM) for the first time at Exercise Pacific Griffin 2019. Using the ship's integrated combat system, the crew launched the powerful anti-ship cruise missile at a decommissioned ship.
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Hi my name is Martin in this life,but my previous life was Horus i know im horus because of my Father Osiris and the soul itself is a divine god!,so hello people!!!
Rhea Kaye wrote: Oh boy. Here we go.
I am beginning to think that maybe the rules should state that they shouldn't name what they are but simply state incidents that they have experienced rather than making fools of themselves....otherwise I see now why I haven't received a lot of replies back when I first started here. Although at least what I have said in my own belief, I know was fact FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE.
There are Four groups here. Those that are grounded in their life and their studies...and then the second group are game players. Third are the delusional sillies. And the last is just plain crazy.
I think now they must be offering computer classes in the nut house.
My past life regression experiences have led me to Egypt around the time of the mastabas...I remember I was some sort of princess, or at least a concubine to the pharaoh.
Well, I can honestly say I belong in the first group and this is certainly not a nut house!!!
Amirah. There are legitimate past live sessions that do lead to total change and healing of the individual in this life time. Can you relate what type of sessions that you were involved in to find out about your past life? How were you regressed back in your time frame?
If Maxx is Uncle Fester then consider me Elvira!
You would think that perhaps Osiris would have taught his son proper grammar.


Do not start threads on an overly discussed topic without doing any research before hand.
Do not post threads in forums where they do not belong.
Do read the stickies in the tech garage, aftermarket and discussions forums.
It don't say anything about good exhaust set ups.. I'm asking bout good brand names and stuff related like that.. Not prices and pros and cons about upgrades..
You're basically just buying sound/looks as there's very little gains from exhaust with this car. Just listen to some YouTube clips and pick the one that you like the sound of/looks of. As far as flames the cat is what's suppressing them if you want flames run a cat-less mid pipe or gut your cat.
Well for performance and flames you need a test pipe and the cat-back should be as straight with as little bends as possible.
take everything off after the exhaust manifold.
Loud and lots of flames. Won't cost you anything and it will be free flowing.


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George Leonard Staunton (ur. 10 kwietnia 1737 w Galway, zm. 14 stycznia 1801 w Londynie) – angielski lekarz, dyplomata i podróżnik.

Życiorys
W 1758 roku ukończył studia w Montpellier we Francji, następnie w latach 1762-1779 przebywał w Indiach Zachodnich. W latach 1781-1784 pracował jako sekretarz George'a Macartneya w ambasadzie w Madrasie. W 1785 roku otrzymał tytuł baroneta Cargins w hrabstwie Galway.

W latach 1792-1794 był członkiem poselstwa Macartneya do Chin, jako jego sekretarz. Po powrocie do Anglii napisał oficjalny raport pt. Account of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China (1797).

Jego synem był orientalista George Thomas Staunton (1781-1859).

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Angielscy lekarze
Angielscy dyplomaci
Członkowie Royal Society
Urodzeni w 1737
Zmarli w 1801

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Many B2B companies want to improve their service levels and sales efficiency. What is the best recipe to do that? You will be disappointed as there is none.
Of course each situation is different, but we might have some few ideas why theses two areas can benefit from implementing an omnichannel strategy on your internal organisation. This is what we will explain in this article, focusing on why being able to interact with your clients AND your colleagues through different channels might be as important.
OMNIchannel strategy: what is it?
OMNIchannel: An omnichannel strategy consists of being able to interact with a customer through different channels, preferably in real time, and track all theses interactions.
The usual channels included are search, websites, mobile apps, social media, phone and emails. Face-to-face meetings and printed documents can also be included from time to time.
The fact that a customer values being able to interact through various channels with the same company without being forced to repeat themselves is a key factor that explains why companies implement an omnichannel strategy.
Marketing departments were often the first to see the real value behind an omnichannel strategy but we tend to see more and more sales departments implementing similar strategies as well.
Originally multi-channel strategies were designed to keep track of the same customer through different channels and therefore improve the overall customer experience.
The fact is that by focusing too much on clients it has sometimes become easier to reach a customer than a colleague.
There are various reasons why applying an omnichannel strategy to your organization should increase your internal communication and be good for your sales, marketing and overall customer service and sales efficiency.
For example, if you enable one of your sales reps to automatically share information about a client with one of his colleagues through his mobile you are saving time.
You are also saving energy if your marketing department can focus on content generation rather than cumbersome admin tasks to wrap up the results of a campaign - imagine if the campaigns could auto-generate leads to the right sales rep instead, including information about opens, clicks etc and that the marketing department easily could see how many leads, orders and sales a specific campaign produced.
What if the sales rep could get relevant website visitors converted into leads automatically, be notified on that in realtime, get the task added to qualify the lead and even see what parts of the web the lead visited, before reaching out to the lead.
What if you, on top of this, could do all these things from a computer, smartphone or tablet, wherever you are. That would be both efficient, agile and more desirable.
From a client service perspective, If you, as a customer service department, always have accurate knowledge of what your colleagues are doing with your customers then you can reach out when it's relevant for your specific customer.
Plus, because you have access to relevant and updated information about when customers reads your emails, visit your website and engage with your campaigns, you can come up with the right solution. You can also reach out when it is relevant for your customer, i.e. when they actively are searching for answers or might have questions.
Teams that can respond quickly are in general perceived as giving better customer service than those that respond slow, or even not at all.
From a sales perspective sharing relevant lead information between colleagues before making a call can really make a difference. When you do reach out then you are well prepared since you know what emails our customers have read, what parts of your website they were interested in and how you are connected.
Moreover, and this is a big added-value, if you can do this from anywhere on a smartphone or tablet (office, car, subway etc.) then you can answer quickly and deliver a good service in an appropriate time.
Finally from a marketing perspective a proper internal omnichannel solution helps the marketing department to understand how many leads are produced and go beyond the traditional 'open, click' analytics.
For these three reasons, do yourself a favor and try a multi-channel software. A properly implemented omnichannel solution includes integrated softwares to support sales, marketing, delivery and finance departments in one digital and highly automated flow, accessible from different computers, smartphones and tablets.
If you want to know HOW you can implement your omnichannel strategy, read these articles.


In recent years evidence has emerged that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may have a significant role in metabolism and energy homeostasis. Several studies have identified upregulation of the peripheral ECS in obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms behind this and the consequences of upregulation are unclear. The aim of this thesis was to further elucidate the role of the ECS in mature adipocytes, and its activity in obesity and related metabolic dysfunction.
Three adipose tissue depots were dissected from lean, obese and obese diabetic Zucker rats (n=6-8). In human studies, written informed consent was obtained from healthy volunteers within the University of Nottingham and obese surgical patients at the Royal Derby Hospital. Anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were obtained. In these studies, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was taken from all subjects (n=28 healthy study; n=27 surgical study), and visceral adipose tissue was obtained from some of the surgical patients (n=14). In all studies, collagenase was used to isolate mature adipocytes from the adipose tissue, and FAAH and MGL activities in the adipocytes were assayed using tritium labelled substrates. Human subcutaneous preadipocytes (Promocell, Germany) were cultured and differentiated. Adipocytes were cultured with high concentrations of glucose (15 mM) and/or insulin (1 μM) for 24 hours, in combination with anandamide or 2-AG for 2 or 24 hours. Adiponectin, leptin and resistin in the cell culture media were then measured using sandwich ELISAs. In another study, anandamide and 2-AG uptake were measured in differentiated adipocytes after 2 or 24 hours' stimulation with glucose and/or insulin. FAAH and MGL activities in the cultured adipocytes were also measured in this study.
In rats, FAAH and MGL activities correlated with body mass. In healthy humans, FAAH activity in subcutaneous adipocytes correlated with BMI and waist circumference, but not with other anthropometric measurements, serum glycaemic markers or adipokines. In obese patients, the enzyme activities had no relationships with any of the anthropometric or metabolic markers investigated. Furthermore, there were no differences in activity between patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes and those without. In both rats and humans, there were no significant differences in FAAH and MGL activities between subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes. In the cell culture studies, anandamide and 2-AG did not alter adipokine secretion under normal, high glucose or high insulin conditions. Chronic insulin exposure increased anandamide uptake, but none of the other acute or chronic treatments with glucose and/or insulin affected anandamide or 2-AG uptake. Glucose and insulin were found to reduce MGL activity.
These studies suggest that the rate of anandamide hydrolysis in mature adipocytes is increased in obesity. This relationship was not apparent in a morbidly obese sample. MGL activity in humans does not have relationships with adiposity or metabolic markers, and this may reflect its role as a major component of lipid metabolism, particularly lipolysis. Anandamide and 2-AG are unlikely to be direct mediators of adipokine secretion, at least in cell culture. Insulin may affect endocannabinoid signalling in adipocytes by increasing anandamide uptake and suppressing MGL activity. Overall, these results support the notion that the ECS in adipocytes is dysregulated in obesity, but this is not driven by specific factors associated with obesity.


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US women will host Switzerland twice in October
Associated PressAug 30, 2016, 8:00 PM EDT
Celso Junior/Getty Images
CHICAGO (AP) The U.S. women's national team will host Switzerland for two matches this October in Minneapolis and Utah.
The matches for the defending World Cup champions are set for Oct. 19 at Rio Tinto Stadium in Sandy, Utah, and at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis on Oct. 23.
The U.S. team has played Switzerland just twice before, with the Americans winning both matches.
The United States is also facing Thailand on Sept. 15 in Columbus, Ohio, before playing the Netherlands in Atlanta on Sept. 18.
The team will be without goalkeeper Hope Solo, who was suspended from the team for six months following comments she made at the Rio de Janeiro Olympics. The United States was ousted by Sweden in the quarterfinals for the team's earliest-ever exit at the Olympics.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is an example of using the FileSystemObject to determine the total size of all files in a directory and any sub directories in it. This is handy because sometimes you might want to know just how big your web site is. Replace "somedirectory" with your directory name. If you know the physical path you can replace Server.MapPath("/somedirectory") with the actual path like so.
If you are using NT the directories you run this on must have the correct permissions. Basically the directories and all subdirectories within it all need "read" permissions from the anonymous account or you will get a permission denied error.
The results might look something like this.


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Posted August 7, 2013 by whopperjaw in Tunes
Keys N Krates is making some real noise
The Toronto electronic act Keys N Krates formed some five years ago but has just started to make some real noise. The trio—Adam Tune on drums, David Matisse on keys, and Flowinsky (Jr. Flo) on turntables—will release the EP, SoLow, this month. The group's ability to mix live and work in live drums and keyboards makes it rather unique in the dubstep/EDM world. We spoke briefly with the band members, who had just returned from their first European tour, after their performance in Chicago at Lollapalooza 2013. Here's what they had to say.
Talk about performing in the middle of the afternoon at Lollapalooza. The audience was going nuts.
Matisse: We were taking bets earlier about whether there would be people there but when you're in it, you're just in it and holding it together and trying to get through it. You have to finish the show first and then take a breath. It was a surreal movement.
Flowinsky: We haven't gotten nervous but there with 8000 kids in front of us, I was a little nervous.
Is that the biggest show you've played so far?
Tune: We played Red Rocks, which was like 10,000. And we played the Olympics and who knows how many people were there for that.
Talk about the band's formation a bit.
Matisse: It started simple. Tune and I were playing in funk bands throughout the city and Tune was hoping to do something different and so was I. We had a mutual friend that set us up and we talked about jamming over keys and turntables. I told Tune to try some stuff over the drums. That's how it started. From there, it was just about doing live remixes. It organically went on from there and we wanted to make our own music and become producers. That was a whole other level. We're here now making our own beats and putting them in the set.
The music is so eclectic but do you feel an affinity with the dubstep scene?
Flowinsky: Scene-wise, we play a lot of festivals and on a lot of electronic bills. We always wanted to be a dance act and play to kids that want to dance as opposed to playing at rap shows where kids stand around and only respond to music they know. But we connect more to rap than dubstep even though we draw from dubstep.
Tune: The tempos are similar. When the whole trap thing came around. We were already doing that. It was 10bpm faster than dubstep or pretty much the same.
We always wanted to be a dance act and play to kids that want to dance as opposed to playing at rap shows where kids stand around and only respond to music they know.
Is there a strong scene in Toronto?
Flowinsky: Yeah, for everything. It's a big city and we have most of the subcultures you'll see in any big city. In particular, with electronic music and rap and trap.
Tunes: They're starting to get into the festival stuff. It was behind but they're starting to get into them.
Talk about the EP that's coming out.
Flowinsky: It's party club music with rap beats and has a lot of trap overtones . We put up a single for free download and two more tunes will come out at the end of August. We have a remix we did for Steve Aoki that's coming out at the end of August which we're super stoked about.
What do you have planned for the rest of the year?
Flowinsky: More festivals and shows in September. We're already getting booked for fall festivals and we have a haul for the rest of the summer that we still have to get through.
Have you spent much time overseas?
Flowinsky: We just did our first European tour last week. We didn't do the UK but we hit Vienna and Barcelona the Netherlands and it was so awesome.
Tunes: All in a week.
Flowinsky: We want to get there more. We want to break Europe and the kids are into the stuff we're doing.
What are the differences between the two scenes?
Flowinsky: Kids in the US have only been listening to electronic music fo the past four or five years and kids in Europe came up listening to electronic music and seeing DJs. They're a bit more refined there, to be honest. The music is a bit deeper and it's not as in-your-face. It's all a bit more subtle. They still like crazy shit like Skrillex, but that's more of a US thing.
What are you guys listening to?
Tunes: I think the Disclosure album sounds amazing.
Flowinsky: A lot of hip-hop like Kendrick Lamar and Drake. We listen to a lot of music. We like Arcade Fire and Beach House. We like some of the harder dance stuff. We're excited to see Flux Pavilion tonight. There's so much great music out there.
whopperjaw
Whopperjaw is slang for anything slightly askew or out of whack which describes us perfectly. Our online mag covers interesting interviews, craft brews, movie reviews, music news and more. www.whopperjaw.net
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These awards further add to the choir group's long list of achievements in international choir competitions which includes the Gold Medal at the 50th Internationaler Chorwettbewerb in Germany in 2013, and 1st place in the folksong and mixed choir categories at the 3rd Bratislava Cantat I International Choir Festival in Slovakia in 2015. Such accolades demonstrate the choir's standing as one of the most prominent choir groups in Indonesia.
Perbanas Institute's recent achievements at the Lorenzo De' Medici International Choir Festival illustrates the institute's commitment to providing students with a conducive learning environment that hones their academic potential as well as supporting their passion for extra-curricular activities; thereby offering the widest outlook on their future professions.


It would be a shame not to take advantage of this much frontage, and we did precisely that by building this front porch timber deck.
Timber stairs provide access to the deck. The stainless steel balustrade provides protection and add a contemporary feel to the design.


and you think im weird on my blog? so a fish bowl head is not weird huh... I think it is so strange how one persons humor is not funny to others cuz I was seriously laughing my head off at my blog,, im sooo funny!! how can you say im weird. And,,, when you see all the home movies that i just coppied onto DVD you are going to laugh your head off,, like when you recorded over our Christmas at the cabin, with you and John Munk playing with a baby doll and some star wars toys,, hahaha no that is weird!!!


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Louis Soulié est un homme politique français né le  à Saint-Étienne (Loire) et décédé le  à Saint-Just-sur-Loire (Loire).

Biographie
Étudiant au lycée de Saint-Étienne, puis à la faculté des Lettres et de Droit à Lyon, dans laquelle il obtient son doctorat de droit.

Journaliste et patron de Presse, il fonde avec Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau « La tribune républicaine ». Avocat au barreau de Saint-Étienne, puis maire de Saint-Étienne et conseiller général de la Loire, il est sénateur de la Loire de 1920 à 1932, inscrit au groupe de la Gauche démocratique.

En 1941, il est cité comme dignitaire de la franc-maçonnerie, en application de la loi sur les sociétés secrètes.

Famille
C'est le beau-frère de Claude Rajon (sénateur). Il est marié à Adrienne Gintzburger, avec laquelle il a 4 enfants : Albine, Jeanne, Pierre et Michel.

Notes, sources et références

 Robert Burnand (dir.) Qui êtes vous ? Annuaire des contemporains, notice biographique - Volume 3, (1927)

Liens externes

Naissance en mars 1871
Naissance à Saint-Étienne
Décès en septembre 1939
Décès dans la Loire
Sénateur de la Loire
Maire de Saint-Étienne
Conseiller général de la Loire
Décès à 68 ans


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Home / Tennessee / Davidson County / Bankruptcies Listing Details
Get Complete Address Nashville, TN 37207
3 Beds 2.5 Baths 2,191 Sq. Ft.
Claymille Pl
This is located at Claymille Pl, Nashville, TN 37207. It has 3 Beds, 2.5 Baths , 2,191 sqft of living space. This property is Bankruptcy with an estimated market value of $357,600.
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Real estate is often a very valuable asset that a local court can take control of and sell through a bankruptcy procedure. This bankruptcy listing in Nashville, TN is among more than 1 million records featured in our comprehensive nationwide real estate database. However, unlike most property records, not all homes / addresses associated with a bankruptcy filing are for sale. This is an important legal concept to understand before moving forward on Claymille Pl Nashville, TN. We highly recommend that you first contact the court-appointed receiver / trustee listed below (scroll down) under "Bankruptcy Information" to learn whether or not the property is (or will soon be) for sale.
A property owner who is experiencing difficult financial issues will sometimes file for bankruptcy as a last resort. This is a legal proceeding (usually called Chapter 7 bankruptcy), during which a court-appointed receiver / trustee will be assigned to determine all the assets of a distressed property owner. More often than not, a home or property is one of the most valuable assets that the court-appointed receiver / trustee will leverage to satisfy the distressed property owner's outstanding debts. The contents of the home, as well as any other assets (e.g. cars, boats, etc.), are also often included in a bankruptcy estate. The court-appointed receiver / trustee is almost always motivated to sell a property included in a bankruptcy filing very fast -- there is no real attachment to it other than to obtain funds to pay off debts. And the savings for a savvy buyer and/or investor looking to buy bankruptcy houses for sale in Nashville, TN can be tremendous.
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*movies added:
40 Days and 40 Nights (2002)
Cherry Falls (2000)
Tom Jones (year unknown)
All About My Mother (1999)
Cruel Intentions (1999)
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994)
To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! (1995)
The Piano Lesson (1993)
The Handmaid's Tale (1990)
Apocalypse Now Redux (2001)
Beloved (1998)
Sophie's Choice (1982)
*reviews changed:
The Devil's Advocate
The Trun of the Screw
The Haunting of Hannie Walker
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1 in 6 The mission of 1in6 is to help men who have had unwanted or abusive sexual experiences live healthier, happier lives. Our mission also includes serving family members, friends, and service providers by offering information and support resources online and
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IMDb IMDb offers a searchable database of more than 200 million data items including more than 4 million movies, TV and entertainment programs and more than 8 million cast and crew members.
Joyful Heart Foundation The vision of the Joyful Heart Foundation is a world free of sexual assault, domestic violence, and child abuse. While we understand that this may not be achieved in our lifetimes, we continue to work towards it.
Male Survivor Male Survivor is committed to preventing, healing, and eliminating all forms of sexual victimization of boys and men through support, treatment, research, education, advocacy, and activism.
Rape Abuse Incest National Network (RAINN RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network) is the nation's largest anti-sexual violence organization. RAINN created and operates the National Sexual Assault Hotline (800.656.HOPE, online.rainn.org y rainn.org/es) in partnership with more than 1,000
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Home Opinion Policy & Finance
A healthy environment shouldn't just be for the rich, by Jason Byrne
Ever heard of "environmental justice"? No? It links social and environmental discrimination. Still doesn't sound familiar? Well if you've seen the movie Erin Brockovich – which examines how a single mother fought against a Californian utility that polluted the environment – you've watched a movie about environmental justice.
"Environmental justice" describes efforts to fix the pollution burden faced by marginalised groups. Such groups usually lack social, economic, and political power. They include indigenous people, poor people, immigrants, homeless, elderly, non-white people, people with disabilities, unemployed, sole-parents and the like.
Earlier this year the Victorian Environmental Defenders Office quietly released a potentially groundbreaking report on environmental equity in Australia. Until now, Australia has paid little attention to environmental justice, but this report has the potential to radically alter Australia's planning landscape.
What is environmental justice and where did it come from?
The environmental justice movement began as an offshoot of the US civil rights movement in the United States in the late 1970s, but has since grown internationally. At first, it was a grassroots response to pollution in communities. "People of colour" (African-Americans, Latinos, Asians and others) lived in neighbourhoods hosting noxious land uses such as waste dumps and polluting factories.
They fought against corrupt businesses, discriminatory land use zoning, biased decision-making and unequal law enforcement. They used protests, community rallies and direct political action to achieve their goals.
In 1991, the National People of Color Summit in Washington DC adopted Environmental Justice Principles. Since then, researchers have demonstrated that marginalised people are significantly more likely to inhabit polluted, dangerous, or otherwise unhealthy places. Scholars have documented hundreds of cases of environmental injustice.
Marginalised Australians in contaminated areas
Until recently, Australia has not had a recognisable environmental justice movement. This is surprising. Nearly every Australian city has contaminated industrial areas that are close to working-class neighbourhoods. These places have extensive air, soil and water pollution. Marginalised and vulnerable people also live nearby. They include recent immigrants, indigenous people, homeless, unemployed, and the working poor. Such groups also lack easy access to environmental benefits like parks and green space.
In Australia, the plight of poor and marginalised people who live in toxic and polluted neighbourhoods has typically been identified as a "social justice" or "public health" issue, not as an environmental concern.
Like its US counterpart, the Australian environmental movement has mostly been white, middle-class, and concerned with protecting so-called wilderness areas. But Australia may now be on the cusp of embracing environmental justice, thanks to the Victorian EDO's environmental justice report.
The report is based on detailed research. It discusses three Australian case studies: a toxic dump in Tullamarine; indigenous involvement in the Murray-Darling Basin Plan; and coal seam gas and desalination plants in rural Australia.
The report suggests that environmental justice is not recognised in the same way here as in the United States. But it also acknowledges that this might be about to change. The report gives particular attention to the problems with Australia's environmental planning and environmental enforcement systems. And it makes recommendations for how these problems might be remedied.
The evidence is in, time for action
Australian scholars have also begun to investigate environmental justice issues. There are now several excellent studies demonstrating that Australia has environmental justice problems. These problems include coal seam gas and coal dust pollution, climate justice, exposure to asbestos and lead, pesticide contamination, remote indigenous settlements, and access to green space.
For example, in 2003 Mariann Lloyd-Smith and Lee Bell documented a chemical fire in a toxic waste dump in Bellevue, Western Australia. They investigated how local authorities dismissed residents concerns about health impacts. Annemarie De Vos and Jeffery Spickett also examined the same fire from an environmental health perspective. Both studies found lax enforcement of environmental laws, poor regulation, haphazard monitoring and very poor follow-up with residents. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation has followed the case in a report on Stateline in 2006, and in a Four Corners story.
Australian planning and environmental regulatory systems have left a legacy of harm in our cities, towns and rural areas. This harm has affected both nature and people. Asbestos roofs, soil and water contamination, air pollution and toxic waste dumps exist in every state.
Planning law changes are taking us backwards
Recent changes to state planning laws in Queensland, and forthcoming changes in New South Wales, mean that environmental injustices are likely set to increase.
State Governments are looking to wind-back environmental regulations to boost land and property development (so called cuts to "green tape"). They are also changing the powers of local government to investigate and monitor environmental problems. And they are cutting funding to independent watchdogs protecting the public interest, watchdogs like the Environmental Defenders Office.
Without these independent organisations monitoring government actions, who will? Environmental injustice is a problem in Australia, so what are we going to do about it?
Jason Byrne is a senior lecturer at Griffith University.
Thanks for reading to the end of this story!
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Keep on trucking: Building a solid supply chain for palm oil


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Tag Archives: Litigation
Supreme Court Discusses Trade Secrets During Oral Argument
April 23, 2019 By Eric Ostroff in Case Summary, Trade secrets, Trade Secrets In the News Tags: FOIA, Litigation, Supreme Court, Trade secrets	Leave a comment
Yesterday, the Supreme Court held oral argument Food Marketing Institute v. Argus Leader Media, a case involving an exemption to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). The Supreme Court's Public Information Office granted me a press pass to cover the arguments for this blog, since the case involves trade-secrets issues.
As I discussed previously, the FOIA contains an exemption for "trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential," which does not need to be disclosed publicly. 5 USC 552(b)(4). This case addresses the scope of this exemption.
First, some background. Food Marketing Institute is a trade association representing retailers who operate tens of thousands of retail food stores. Argus Leader is a newspaper in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. As part of an investigation of food-stamp fraud, the newspaper filed a FOIA request with the USDA for data showing the amount of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)—formerly the Food Stamp Program—redemptions at individual stores.
While much SNAP data is publicly available, this store-level information is not. At the District Court, USDA presented evidence that the store-level data would provide a competitive advantage to other companies if released publicly. After a two-day trial, the District Court disagreed and ordered disclosure. The USDA gave notice to the retailers that it would not appeal, at which point Food Marketing Institute intervened to appeal on the USDA's behalf.
The Eighth Circuit affirmed, relying on the D.C. Circuit's test in Nat'l Parks & Conservation Ass'n v. Morton, 498 F.2d 765 (D.C. Cir. 1974), which eight circuits subsequently adopted. Under this test, the above exemption only applies if (1) the information at issue is kept private and not disclosed, and (2) "substantial competitive harm" would likely result if the information is publicly disclosed.
Food Marketing Institute argues that the National Parks test ignores the common meaning of the word "confidential," thereby adding an "extratextual" requirement of showing competitive harm. Instead, it argues, the Court should apply its longstanding rules of statutory construction and give "confidential" its ordinary meaning, i.e., information "that is privately held and not disseminated," without the need to show competitive harm if disclosed.
During oral argument, much of the Court's questions for Food Marketing Institute's lawyer, Evan Young, involved threshold justiciability issues that are outside this blog's scope.
But, for our purposes, things got more interesting when Argus Leader's lawyer, Robert Loeb, got his turn. One of Argus Leader's primary arguments is that the Court should not look to the ordinary meaning of the term "confidential." Instead, because Congress used the language "trade secrets and commercial or financial information," the Court should look to the then-existing common-law meaning of that term of art.
In its brief, Argus Leader argues that when the above exemption was enacted:
There was an established common-law term of art for non-public business information, disclosure of which would be tortious because it would cause competitive harm. Both courts and the relevant (and near-universally adopted) provisions in the first RESTATEMENT OF TORTS (1939) used the term "trade secrets and other confidential commercial information" (or some near-identical equivalent) to refer to this body of protected materials. Thus, in saying "trade secrets and other confidential commercial information," courts and commentators meant non-public business information that would likely cause competitive harm if released.
Much of the Court's questioning of Loeb focused on this argument. Justice Kagan, sounding like her more conservative colleagues, asked him to "give me your best textual argument" for why National Parks correctly interpreted the statute. Loeb responded by saying that the Court needs to look at the words Congress used in context, and that under common law, trade secrets included a competitive-harm requirement.
Justice Sotomayor responded by saying that the Court normally only applies common law to interpret statutory language when there is a term of art. Here, case law used different terms and phrases to cover trade secrets and confidential information. In response, Loeb argued that under the common law, there were two categories, trade secrets and confidential information. And both required a showing of competitive harm.
This didn't seem to satisfy Justice Gorsuch, who noted that when a statute uses different words from the common law, it's usually presumed that Congress intended a meaning other than the common law.
Justice Breyer focused on the concept of harm and how such a term would be defined. Noting that "you don't have to write this opinion, but I might," Justice Breyer pushed Loeb to clarify what words should be used in the opinion to describe the nature of harm that must be shown. Loeb again pointed to the common law.
Justice Alito asked whether, under common law, a showing of competitive harm was part of the claim itself or only a means for proving damages. Per Loeb, under common law, competitive harm is part of the essence of a trade secret.
Based on the Justices' comments at oral argument, at least some of them have issues with the justiciability of this case, questioning whether Food Marketing Institute's claims can be redressed or if they are moot. But if the Court reaches the merits of this case, I predict that it will strike the National Parks test, opting for the customary definition of "confidentiality," without a showing of competitive harm.
Supreme Court to (Possibly) Address Trade Secrets
April 7, 2019 By Eric Ostroff in Case Summary, Defend Trade Secrets Act, Florida Non-Compete Lawyer, Trade secrets, Trade Secrets In the News Tags: Defend Trade Secrets Act, FOIA, Litigation, Supreme Court, Trade secrets	2 Comments
The U.S. Supreme Court rarely hears cases involving trade secrets, primarily because trade secrets have historically been governed by state law. Now that we have the Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA), it is more likely that the Court will have to address Circuit splits on statutory interpretation. But thus far, no such issues have reached the Supreme Court.
In a few weeks, however, the Court will hear oral argument in Food Marketing Institute v. Argus Lender Media, a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) case that involves trade-secrets issues.
The FOIA contains an exemption for "trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential," which does not need to be disclosed publicly. 5 USC 552(b)(4). This exemption has been interpreted to require proof that disclosure would cause substantial harm to the information source's competitive position. Circuits have split on how to interpret this test.
The petitioner is asking the Court to dispense with this test and instead hold that the term "confidential" be interpreted under its ordinary meaning, i.e., information "that is privately held and not disseminated," without the need to show competitive harm if disclosed. See Petitioner's Brief at p. (i). Alternatively, the petitioner wants the Court to clarify that the substantial harm test is satisfied if "the party opposing disclosure establishes a reasonable possibility that disclosure might injure financial or competitive interests." Id.
Since the statutory exemption includes trade secrets alongside confidential information, the Court may offer insight into how trade secrets are defined under the FOIA. In such a case, the Court's comments could carry substantial weight in DTSA cases. Regardless, this case presents important issues for any company that seeks to protect its confidential information and trade secrets when contracting with the government.
Federal Court Addresses Defend Trade Secret Act Immunity
April 6, 2018 By Eric Ostroff in Defend Trade Secrets Act, Trade secrets, Trade Secrets in Discovery Tags: Featured, Litigation, Trade secrets	1 Comment
The Defend Trade Secrets Act, 18 U.S.C. 1030, et seq., provides immunity from liability for misappropriation of trade secrets in certain circumstances, namely if the disclosure:
(A) is made–
(i) in confidence to a Federal, State, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney; and
(ii) solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or
(B) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal.
Since the DTSA was enacted in May 2016, there have not been many cases analyzing this portion of the statute. The Eastern District of Pennsylvania examined it in a recent opinion, Christian v. Lannett Co., Inc., E.D. Pa. Case No. 16-963 (the opinion can be downloaded below).
Christian is an unusual trade-secret case, as it started when the plaintiff asserted claims for employment discrimination. During discovery, the defendant learned that the plaintiff had retained a company laptop, which led to the plaintiff producing 22,000 pages of documents. Per the defendant, these contained trade secrets.
The defendant then filed a counterclaim under the DTSA, as well as other related claims, based on the plaintiff's disclosure of trade secrets. But there was apparently no evidence of disclosure to anyone except the plaintiff's lawyer, who only received the documents to produce them in the litigation.
The court concluded that "Plaintiff's alleged disclosure was made to Plaintiff's counsel pursuant to a discovery Order of this Court, within the context of a lawsuit regarding violations of Title VII, the ADA, and the FMLA," and applied the immunity provision above to bar the DTSA claim.
The court did not specifically cite the immunity provision. And a strict application of that provision would seem to exclude the plaintiff from its protection, since the disclosure was not "solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law." But the court's decision is well within the spirit of the DTSA, which should not be used to prevent parties in litigation from communicating freely with, and providing discoverable documents to, their counsel.
Christian v Lannett
Will Two Lawyers Go to Jail for Asserting Trade Secrets in Bad Faith?
December 15, 2017 By Eric Ostroff in Case Summary, Florida Non-Compete Lawyer, Trade secrets, Trade Secrets In the News Tags: Lawsuit, Litigation, Sanctions, Trade secrets	Leave a comment
Two South Florida lawyers are facing possible jail time, in part because of allegedly asserting in bad faith that documents contained trade secrets. They supposedly wanted to prevent disclosure of documents that proved their witness testified inaccurately. In a case pending in Miami-Dade County Circuit Court, Green Tree Servicing v. Sibon, the judge decided yesterday to go forward with an arraignment for the two lawyers representing the plaintiff, a large loan servicer, on charges of indirect criminal contempt.
This started as a mortgage foreclosure case. The defendants asserted defenses relating to the plaintiff's "loan boarding" process, i.e., how the plaintiff uploads information from prior servicers' records, including borrowers' payment history.
During a deposition, the plaintiff's representative testified that the company's training manuals included protocols for verifying this information, including a flow chart showing the process. But the plaintiff had not previously produced those manuals. Not surprisingly, the defendants' lawyers demanded their production.
The court entered an order requiring production of the manuals and a further deposition of the plaintiff. Three days before the deposition, the plaintiff filed an emergency motion, asserting that the manuals contained trade secrets and work product. The next day, the court entered an order ruling that the motion was not an emergency and directed the plaintiff to set the motion for a hearing (the usual protocol in Miami-Dade Circuit Court for having a judge rule on a motion).
The deposition went forward without production of the manuals. But the plaintiff never set its emergency motion for hearing. Several months later, the court entered an order requiring production of the manuals by noon that day. At 11:59, the plaintiff produced them.
Apparently, the manuals contradict the witness's testimony. According to the judge, "the document does not contain any 'flow chart' that mentions 'red flags' that prevent loans from boarding as Mr. Ogden testified he reviewed. To the contrary, it appears from the document produced that [the plaintiff] boards the prior servicer's records . . . and makes the loan live on its system before any verification process would even begin."
And then it got interesting. The judge entered an order to show cause, which can be downloaded here. That order informs both the witness and the plaintiff's attorneys that "this is now a criminal matter" and directs them to appear to show cause why they should not be held in indirect criminal contempt:
It appears that [the plaintiff] and its counsel willfully and contumaciously ignored this Court's order by refusing to turn over the training materials. Moreover, it appears [the plaintiff] and its counsel improperly sought to have the records deemed confidential to avoid disclosure of the fact that its witness gave grossly inaccurate testimony[.]
According to an article in the Daily Business Review, yesterday, the new judge handling the case (the prior judge recused himself) "ruled that [the witness] was 'operating at the will of the lawyers' and dismissed him from the criminal contempt proceedings." But she will be going forward with the criminal case against the lawyers, pending an appeal.
If true, this is an egregious abuse of the trade-secrets laws. It's one thing to be over broad when asserting trade-secret protection. It's another thing entirely to assert trade secrets when none exist, solely to hide a witness's inaccurate testimony. It will be interesting to see whether these lawyers are sanctioned, and if so, how harshly.
ABA Ethics Opinion: Trade-Secrets Lawyers Need to Encrypt Emails
May 11, 2017 By Eric Ostroff in Advice, Cybersecurity, Trade secrets, Trade Secrets Best Practices Tags: Advice, computer security, Featured, Litigation, Trade secrets	1 Comment
By definition, lawyers working on trade-secrets issues, whether in litigation or otherwise, have access to their clients' most confidential information. And, of course, these lawyers routinely communicate with clients via email, including about the trade secrets. Sometimes, even the trade secrets themselves are exchanged via email.
This raises ethical issues. Recently, the ABA Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility issued a formal opinion addressing lawyers' ethical obligations when transmitting confidential client information. The opinion can be downloaded here.
All lawyers who deal with trade-secrets issues should read the opinion. But here are some highlights:
The opinion recognizes that law firms are hacking targets because:
(1) they obtain, store and use highly sensitive information about their clients while at times utilizing safeguards to shield that information that may be inferior to those deployed by the client, and (2) the information in their possession is more likely to be of interest to a hacker and likely less voluminous than that held by the client.
It then discusses applicable ethical rules, concluding that "lawyers must exercise reasonable efforts when using technology in communicating about client matters." So what are reasonable efforts?
What constitutes reasonable efforts is not susceptible to a hard and fast rule, but rather is contingent upon a set of factors. In turn, those factors depend on the multitude of possible types of information being communicated (ranging along a spectrum from highly sensitive information to insignificant), the methods of electronic communications employed, and the types of available security measures for each method.
The opinion specifically mentions lawyers who deal with trade secrets, since those matters "may present a higher risk of data theft." The fact-based analysis is often relatively simple in trade secrets cases: if you are transmitting your client's trade secrets or related information, you may need to use "particularly strong protective measures":
A fact-based analysis means that particularly strong protective measures, like encryption, are warranted in some circumstances. Model Rule 1.4 may require a lawyer to discuss security safeguards with clients. Under certain circumstances, the lawyer may need to obtain informed consent from the client regarding whether to the use enhanced security measures, the costs involved, and the impact of those costs on the expense of the representation where nonstandard and not easily available or affordable security methods may be required or requested by the client. Reasonable efforts, as it pertains to certain highly sensitive information, might require avoiding the use of electronic methods or any technology to communicate with the client altogether, just as it warranted avoiding the use of the telephone, fax and mail in Formal Opinion 99-413.
There is a simple takeaway for all trade-secrets lawyers: think very carefully about how you are transmitting confidential client info. This requires an open dialogue with the client. You need to figure out how you will be protecting this data while in transit (and at rest, but that's a separate issue). At my firm, we have the capacity to encrypt individual emails on-demand, which can allow for secure transmission of sensitive data.
But this sensitive data isn't only shared with clients. Often, it will need to be produced in litigation. Lawyers spend a lot of time negotiating protective/confidentiality orders with attorney's eyes only (AEO) protections. But don't forget to securely transmit AEO documents to the other side. For example, my firm uses a secure/encrypted document sharing platform.
Trade-secrets cases often move fast. But this ABA opinion shows that regardless of how intense the litigation becomes, lawyers must be cognizant of their obligations to protect clients' confidential information.
Another Federal Court: No Heightened Pleading Standard in Defend Trade Secret Act Cases
March 15, 2017 By Eric Ostroff in Case Summary, Defend Trade Secrets Act, Trade secrets Tags: Lawsuit, Litigation, Trade secrets	Leave a comment
Previously, I wrote about a decision from the District of New Jersey that declined to apply a heightened pleading standard to Defend Trade Secret Act claims. Now, another federal court has reached the same conclusion. A copy of the opinion can be downloaded below.
In Aggreko, LLC v. Barreto, pending in the District of North Dakota, the plaintiff and one of the defendants, Elite Power, are competitors in the generator-renting industry. Defendant Barreto previously worked as Aggreko's sales manager. Aggreko alleges that Barreto resigned under false pretenses, thereby hiding his intention to work for Elite Power. And on the way out, Barreto allegedly downloaded Aggreko's trade secrets and confidential information. Aggreko sued Elite Power and Barreto for violations of the Defend Trade Secret Act, among other claims.
The defendants moved to dismiss, arguing that Aggreko failed to plead its misappropriation claims with sufficient particularity. The court rejected this argument:
All that is required at this stage of the proceedings is an allegation that Barreto misappropriated Aggreko's trade secrets sufficient to put the defense on notice as to the nature of the claim. Aggreko has alleged Barreto wrongfully acquired its trade secrets and provided them to Elite Power. Aggreko describes its trade secrets as including customer lists and information regarding Aggreko's operations, customers, business proposals, pricing strategy, client preference and history, and proprietary pricing models known only to Aggreko; a description which the Court finds is clearly adequate under Rule 8. The discovery process will provide the parties with the details relevant to the claims, most of which are known to Barreto.
In this case, it sounds like the plaintiff only offered high-level allegations of the trade secrets at issue. And those allegations survived a motion to dismiss. This, along with the case discussed in my prior post, should be encouraging to trade-secret plaintiffs who are leery of a possible heightened pleading standard in federal court.
Aggreko v. Barreto Order
Federal Court Denies Expedited Discovery In Defend Trade Secret Act Case
February 28, 2017 By Eric Ostroff in Advice, Case Summary, Defend Trade Secrets Act, Florida Non-Compete Lawyer, Trade secrets, Uncategorized Tags: Advice, Defend Trade Secrets Act, Discovery, Injunction, Lawsuit, Litigation, Misappropriation, Trade secrets, TRO	Leave a comment
Trade-secret-misappropriation cases can move fast. Often, the plaintiff files a motion for temporary restraining order alongside its complaint. Sometimes, the plaintiff has enough evidence already to justify a TRO. Other times, the plaintiff needs to take discovery before the TRO hearing.
But the typical discovery deadlines in the rules of civil procedure are not well suited for these TRO proceedings. Thus, plaintiffs regularly seek expedited discovery. In my experience, the parties are often able to agree to an expedited discovery schedule, since defendants usually want to take discovery as well. But when the parties cannot agree, the court needs to get involved. A recent case out of the Middle District of Florida shows the importance of narrowly tailoring expedited discovery requests, particularly when asking a judge to permit this type of discovery.
In Digital Assurance Certification, LLC v. Pendolino, the plaintiff works with municipal bond issuers to comply with various SEC regulations. The plaintiff alleges that the defendant, a former employee, left to work for a competitor. And in his final week of work, according to the plaintiff, the defendant used a USB drive to access every document on the plaintiff's shared drive. Thus, the plaintiff brought claims for violations of the Defend Trade Secret Act and the Florida Uniform Trade Secrets Act, among others, and filed a motion for a TRO.
In advance of the TRO hearing, the plaintiff filed a motion for expedited discovery. The court denied the motion. A copy of the order can be downloaded below.
The court first set forth the standard for determining whether the plaintiff had demonstrated good cause for expedited discovery:
Factors the Court considers in deciding whether a party has shown good cause include: (1) whether a motion for preliminary injunction is pending; (2) the breadth of the requested discovery; (3) the reason(s) for requesting expedited discovery; (4) the burden on the opponent to comply with the request for discovery; and (5) how far in advance of the typical discovery process the request is made.
Here, the court focused on the second factor, the breadth of the plaintiff's requests. The court took issue with the scope of the plaintiff's requests, noting that "while these matters may be relevant to the issues raised in DAC's complaint, they go far beyond what is needed for the hearing on the motion for a temporary restraining order."
Take away: When bringing a motion for a TRO, the plaintiff's lawyers need to figure out quickly whether the parties will be able to agree to an expedited discovery schedule. If not, the plaintiff needs to draft discovery requests that are laser focused on the issues relevant to the TRO hearing. In my experience, judges will allow this type of discovery, as long as the requests are reasonable. Conversely, judges will protect defendants from overbroad discovery.
Digital Assurance Certification, LLC v. Pendolino


text:
Q: Golang match domain names wild card I have hostnameWhitelist map
var hostnameWhitelist = map[string] bool { "test.mydomain.com":true, "test12.mydomaindev.com":true}

And the way I check if incoming request's hostname is allowed or not is -
    url, errURL := url.Parse("test.mydomain.com")
    if errURL != nil {
        fmt.Println("error during parsing URL")
        return false
    }
    fmt.Println("HOSTNAME = " + url.Hostname())

    if ok := hostnameWhitelist[url.Hostname()]; ok {
        fmt.Println("valid domain, allow access")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("NOT valid domain")
        return false
    }

While this works great, how do I do a wild card match like -
*.mydomain.com
*.mydomaindev.com

Both of these should pass.
While,
*.test.com
*.hello.com

should fail

A: Doing a wildcard match with the wildcard at the start is highly expensive. Regex could be difficult with regards to performance, depending on the size of your dataset and the speed of evaluating against your dataset. You could try using a suffix tree, but I suspect the performance could become a problem (I havent tested it on our data).
One approach we use is building a Radix Trie (compact prefix trie) with the signature  domainname's labels in reverse octet order. Your signature domain *.foo.example.com becomes com.example.foo.*, which puts the wildcard at the end. Your custom built Radix tree will then only need to stop matching if it reaches a wildcard node. Your Trie could support both exact string matching and wildcard matching. If you wish to allow the wildcard to sit in the middle of the domainname the performance could become a problem.
One of the biggest challenges we'v had using Trie's to evaluate domainnames is not the searchtime but the memory consumption and as such how long it takes to start the program when you have a lot of signatures.
We'v evaluated a few implementations (at start mainly without wildcard-support) testing loadtime, allocations, # of internal nodes, memoryconsumption, GC time and search/insert/remove time.
Implementations we'v tested:

*

*golang maps

*https://github.com/armon/go-radix

*https://github.com/tchap/go-patricia

*https://github.com/fanyang01/radix

*our own implementation

Obviously, using a golang map will give best performance, but when one needs to retrieve (whence the word Trie) e.g. prefixed information from the dataset, golang maps doesn't give us the features we need.
We keep an approximately 700 000 domainname signatures in our Trie. Buildtime is 2 seconds, 300MB memory, 5 million allocation, 2second GC and searching costs 150ns/op.
If we use golang map for the same signatures (without wildcards) we get loadtime 0.5seconds, 50MB memory, negligible allocations, 1.6second GC and searching costs 25ns/op.
In our initial implementation buildtime was 6seconds, 1GB memory, 60 million allocations, 5second GC and searching cost ~200 ns/op.
As you can see from these results we managed to lower the memory consumption and loadtime, while the searching cost remained approximately the same.
If your going to do CIDR matching, I would recommend checking out https://github.com/kentik/patricia. To lower the GC time it is implemented to avoid pointers.
Good luck with your work!

A: Regex is the to go solution for your problem, map[string]bool may not work as expected as you are trying to match a regex with single value.
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "regexp"
)

func main() {
    if matched, _ := regexp.MatchString(".*\\.?mydomain.*", "mydomaindev.com"); matched {
        fmt.Println("Valid domain")
    }
}

This would match all domain with pattern mydomain, so www.mydomain.com www.mydomaindev.com would match byt test.com and hello.com will fail
Other handy string ops are,
//This would match a.mydomain.com, b.mydomain.com etc.,
if strings.HasSuffix(url1.Hostname(), ".mydomain.com") {
    fmt.Println("Valid domain allow access")
}

//To match anything with mydomain - like mydomain.com, mydomaindev.com
if strings.Contains(url2.Hostname(), "mydomain.com") {
    fmt.Println("Valid domain allow access")
}

A: You can store the keys of the map in the format *.domain.com
The convert all the hostnames you get into that format using strings.SplitAfterN and strings.Join.
split := strings.SplitAfterN(url.Hostname(),".",2)
split[0] = "*"
hostName := strings.Join(split,".")
...
hostnameWhitelist[hostName]
...

Play Link
Unrelated improvement
If you are using the map purely as a whitelist you can use map[string]struct{} instead of map[string]bool. But as Peter mentioned in his comment, it might be relevant only if you have a very large whitelist.

A: If you want to be able to have several depth in your domains, eg:

*

**.foo.example.org

**.example.com

Then I would add a second container for the wildcards:
var wdomains = []string { ".foo.example.org", ".example.com"}
Then just check if your domain to test ends with one of those entries:
func inWdomain(wdomains []string, domain string) bool {
    for _, suffix := range wdomains {
        if strings.HasSuffix(domain, suffix) {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

Note: if you have more than hundreds of domains, you could use a radix tree.
https://play.golang.org/p/-4n8mlGmpH

A: You can use fstest.MapFS like a Set data structure, with the added benefit of
Glob matching:
package main
import "testing/fstest"

var tests = []struct {
   pat string
   res int
} {
   {"*.hello.com", 0},
   {"*.mydomain.com", 1},
   {"*.mydomaindev.com", 1},
   {"*.test.com", 0},
}

func main() {
   m := fstest.MapFS{"test.mydomain.com": nil, "test12.mydomaindev.com": nil}
   for _, test := range tests {
      a, e := m.Glob(test.pat)
      if e != nil {
         panic(e)
      }
      if len(a) != test.res {
         panic(len(a))
      }
   }
}

https://golang.org/pkg/testing/fstest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Showing Tag: "google" (Show all posts)
Geinimi Android Trojan horse discovered
Posted by vijai on Sunday, January 2, 2011, In : Security
There has been something of a sting in the tail of the year for lovers of the Android mobile operating system, as researchers uncovered a new Trojan horse.
The Troj/Geinimi-A malware (also known as "Gemini") has been seen incorporated into repackaged versions of various applications and games, and attempts to steal data, and may contact remote URLs.
Although some media reports have portrayed Geinimi as the first ever malware for the Google Android operating system, this isn't correct. For insta...
Scammers exploit Google Doodle to spread malware
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, December 17, 2009, In : Security
This Google Doodle featuring the Esperanto flag was exploited by scammers to spread malware, according to Barracuda Networks.
(Credit: Google)
Online scammers are taking advantage of the public's interest in the Google Doodle to spread malware, a security firm warned on Tuesday.
In so-called "SEO poisoning," scammers use search engine optimization techniques to increase the distribution of malware. They create special malware-rigged Web sites or hide malware on legitimate Web sites they've...
Chrome OS security: 'Sandboxing' and auto updates
Posted by Oyya-Info on Tuesday, November 24, 2009, In : Security
With most computers threatened by attacks coming through Web applications, it's no surprise that security would be a key piece of Chrome OS, Google's browser-based operating system that stores data in the cloud.
Google showed off its new lightweight operating system designed for Netbooks and cloud computing on Thursday. As anticipated, it will rely on many of the same security features and concepts used by the Chrome browser.
"The browser is the operating system. We've expanded the browser to...
Chrome extensions arriving in developer version
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, September 10, 2009, In : Google
Support for extensions to customize Chrome, the top-requested feature for Google's browser, has begun arriving for adventurous users.
Previously, extensions worked only for those who enabled the feature with a command line switch. Now the feature is enabled by default in the developer preview version of Chrome on Windows, Aaron Boodman, the Google engineer who oversees the extensions work, said in a blog post Wednesday.
"We're ready for a few more people to start using extensions--the kind ...
Google Voice and Gmail are sort of merging
Two new little Google Voice features just made their way into Gmail. A new option lets text messages sent to Google Voice show up as e-mail messages in Gmail. You can reply to messages from Gmail, too, which makes it a nice platform for carrying on a text message conversation.
Google Voice text messages can now be read and replied to from within Gmail.
Also, there's a new Labs feature in Gmail that lets you play your Google Voice voicemail messages from inside the Gmail viewer. Previously,...
Gmail outage blamed on capacity miscalculation
Posted by Oyya-Info on Wednesday, September 2, 2009, In : Google
Google's nearly two-hour Gmail outage Tuesday was the result of a miscalculation regarding the capacity of its system, the company said late Tuesday.
Gmail was down from about 12:30 p.m. PDT Tuesday to about 2:30 p.m. PDT, affecting millions of Gmail customers who depend on the service for everything from fantasy football roster updates to business-critical information. The problem was caused by a classic cascade in which servers became overwhelmed with traffic in rapid succession.
According ...
Google adds translation program to Google Docs
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, August 27, 2009, In : Google
Google continues to move language translation into more and more of its products. On Thursday, it became a feature of Google Docs, letting anyone do an on-the-spot translation into one of 42 languages.
The new feature, tucked away in a settings menu, has the smarts to automatically detect in which language the original document is written. It then opens the translated version in a new window, allowing you to compare and contrast the two side by side, more easily checking whether the translati...
Survey: Linux users love Google, ignore Bing
Posted by Oyya-Info on Saturday, August 22, 2009, In : Reviews
Linux users are known for being a somewhat finicky lot. Despite broader application support for Windows and a better user experience in Mac OS X, Linux "desktop" users swear by the open-source operating system (and sometimes swear at its competitors).
It's therefore somewhat telling that Linux users overwhelmingly choose Google as their preferred search engine, according to data released today by Chitika, an online advertising network. Chitika analyzed data from 163 million searches across it...
Google's 64-bit Chrome starts emerging--on Linux
Google has begun work on a 64-bit version of Chrome for Linux, a move likely to whip Linux loyalists into a lather of excitement.
"The V8 team did some amazing work this quarter building a working 64-bit port. After a handful of changes on the Chromium side, I've had Chromium Linux building on 64-bit for the last few weeks," said Chrome engineer Dean McNamee in a mailing list message Thursday
V8 is Chrome's engine for running programs written in the JavaScript language common on the Web. Chr...
Google Apps Script gets green light
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, August 20, 2009, In : Business Tech
Google Apps Script automates processes such as sending e-mails regarding spreadsheet data.
(Credit: Google Enterprise Blog)
Google officially rolled out its Apps Script functionality for enterprise users Wednesday, following a limited pilot release earlier this year.
Google Apps Script works mainly within the Spreadsheets app to automate various processes. For example, users can automate the sending of e-mails based on data held in a spreadsheet, or create scripts that communicate with other W...
Google Chrome gets bookmark sync with version 4.x
Posted by Oyya-Info on Tuesday, August 18, 2009, In : Business Tech
Google has issued the first developer preview version of its Chrome browser to reach the version 4.x milestone, a phase that should bring some advanced features in the forthcoming HTML 5 specification for Web pages but that for now just sports a cloud-based bookmark synchronization tool.
"Once you set up sync from the Tools menu, Chrome will then upload and store your bookmarks in your Google Account. Anytime you add or change a bookmark, your changes will be sent to the cloud and immediately...
Will Google Chrome's speed displace Firefox?
Posted by Oyya-Info on Tuesday, August 11, 2009, In : Reviews
If "only the paranoid survive," as former Intel CEO Andy Grove used to say, then Mozilla, the organization behind the open-source Firefox browser, needs to put its paranoia on overdrive.
That's the sense I got reading through Redmonk analyst Stephen O'Grady's billet-doux to Chromium, the open-source project behind the Google Chrome browser. O'Grady has long been friendly to Mozilla and a dedicated user of Firefox. When his head is turned by another browser, it's time for concern.
Yes, Firefox...
New Chrome beta reflects bigger Google challenge
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, August 6, 2009, In : Google
Features that Google brought to its developer preview version of Chrome--themes, a revamped new-tab page, a tweaked Omnibox for searching and entering Web addresses, and support for HTML 5 video--have now arrived on the browser's better tested beta version intended for broader use.
Individually, these features in Chrome 3.0.195.4 (download) are niceties. Collectively, they show Google is steadily moving ahead with its browser project, which was ambitious even before Chrome OS arrived on the...
Google to Acquire On2 Technologies
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, August 6, 2009, In : Business Tech
Google and On2 Technologies jointly announced today that they have entered into a definitive agreement under which Google will acquire On2, a developer of video compression technology. The acquisition is expected to close later this year. On2 markets video compression technologies that power high-quality video in both desktop and mobile applications and devices and also holds a number of interesting patents .
Some of its codec designs are known as VP3, VP4, VP5, TrueMotion VP6, TrueMotion VP7...
Chrome gives Google bookmark sync religion again
Posted by Oyya-Info on Tuesday, August 4, 2009, In : Webware
Google ditched its browser sync plug-in for Firefox a year ago, but the idea is resurfacing in Chrome in a way that makes me think of possibilities the technology could hold for Chrome OS.
The company is preparing to build a system to synchronize bookmarks across different versions of Chrome, Google's Tim Steele said in a mailing list posting on Friday. Google envisions extending the feature to other data types, including passwords, Steele and fellow programmer Idan Avraham said in a follow...
Google building 3D hardware boost into Chrome
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, July 23, 2009, In : Google
Departing significantly from what other browsers offer, Google has begun building its O3D plug-in for hardware-accelerated 3D graphics into its Chrome browser.
"The O3D team is working on getting O3D integrated into the Chromium build, and we're close to being able to complete our first step towards integration," said programmer Greg Spencer in a mailing list announcement Wednesday about Chromium, the open-source project that underlies Chrome itself. "I'll be making the Windows build of Ch...
Chrome security in limelight with Google OS plan
Posted by Oyya-Info on Wednesday, July 22, 2009, In : Security
The techniques Google uses to protect Chrome users from browser-based attacks have taken on new importance with the company's plan to make the software the centerpiece of a Netbook operating system.
Two weeks ago, Google announced plans for the open-source Chrome OS designed for people who spend most of their time on the Web. The Google Chrome operating system is a "natural extension" of the Chrome browser, Sundar Pichai, vice president of product management, and Linus Upson, engineering d...
Changes to Google Docs hint at GDrive release
Posted by Oyya-Info on Wednesday, July 22, 2009, In : Google
The sharp eyes over at the Google Operating System blog noticed that Google quietly changed some wording in Google Docs from "PDFs" to "files." While small, this could signal that Google Docs may soon support the viewing and editing of other file types, and possibly double as an online storage service--like the fabled GDrive.
Google has long-allowed users to upload PDFs to Docs. These could be viewed in Google's online viewer, but not edited. However, the service would not allow other items ...
Google fixes flaws in Chrome
Posted by Oyya-Info on Friday, July 17, 2009, In : Google
New versions of Google Chrome are out, fixing bugs and patching security holes in both the stable build and the beta build.
Two serious security flaws have been plugged. One had allowed for malicious code exploitation within the Chrome tab sandbox. Found by the Google security team, the threat was serious enough that Google has declined to be more specific until "a majority of users are up to date with the fix," the company said in a blog post.
A second security risk caused by memory corru...
Google sees separate paths for Android, Chrome OS
Among the many questions raised in the wake of Google's announcement of Chrome OS is exactly how the project fits in with Google's Android mobile operating system.
Essentially, nothing has changed, said Google's Andy Rubin at a press conference Friday morning highlighting Google and T-Mobile's partnership on the launch of the new MyTouch 3G smartphone. "You need different technology for different products," Rubin said, explaining that Google's approach to product development means that projec...
Why Chrome OS? Google says, why not?
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, July 9, 2009, In : Google
Apparently, organizing the world's information and making it universally accessible and useful will require a new operating system.
Google has long worked on expanding its reach beyond mere Internet search. And as many had suspected, it confirmed late Tuesday night that it plans to develop a lightweight operating system based on Linux and Web standards for personal computers.
Why? Well, Google's standard response to any question about why it's working on something other than search is to de...
Google plans Chrome-based Web operating system
Posted by Oyya-Info on Wednesday, July 8, 2009, In : Google
That Google operating system rumor is coming true--and it's based on Google's browser, Chrome.
The company announced Google Chrome OS on its blog Tuesday night, saying lower-end PCs called Netbooks from unnamed manufacturers will include it in the second half of 2010. Linux will run under the covers of the open-source project, but the applications will run on the Web itself.
In other words, Google's cloud-computing ambitions just got a lot bigger.
"Google Chrome OS is being created for peo...
Postini: Google's take on e-mail security
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, July 2, 2009, In : Security
The computer security industry historically borrows military defense concepts to combat digital threats, literally creating war rooms where experts follow attacks in progress on huge screens with phones ringing off the hook.
Not so at Google's Postini e-mail security service provider unit. Instead, computerized systems monitor 3 billion messages per day that flow in and out of customer systems and pass through Postini's thousands of machines in data centers around the U.S. and in Europe befo...
Google bringing AdSense to mobile apps
Posted by Oyya-Info on Thursday, June 25, 2009, In : Google
Android and iPhone developers looking for an extra source of revenue will soon have an advertising option, sponsored by Google.
Google's AdSense program--in which it sells and distributes ads to third-party publishers--is coming to mobile devices as a beta program, the company announced Wednesday. A small group of developers have been testing this program but now anyone can apply, said Susan Wojcicki, vice president of product management, in a blog post.
Mobile apps are one of the hottest top...
Google and the billion-dollar HTML tag
SAN JOSE, Calif.--Those who think HTML tags are low-level technology should realize they can have a huge impact on the bottom line.
By finding an HTML tag that allowed Google to offer ads on the right hand side of its search page without delaying page loading times, Google was able to cash in without harming the user experience, said Marissa Mayer, vice president for search products and experience, at the O'Reilly Velocity 2009 conference. There aren't a whole lot of "billion-dollar HTML tags...
Google to highlight Web's need for speed
Posted by Oyya-Info on Wednesday, June 24, 2009, In : Google
Few would disagree that faster is better when it comes to the Web, and Google wants to get Web publishers hooked on speed.
Webmasters looking for ways to speed up page loading times will have a host of tips and tricks to peruse later Tuesday when Google launches a new Web site designed to emphasize the importance of speed on the Web, said Richard Rabbat, a product manager at Google. Google engineering gurus Bill Coughran and Urs Hoelzle plan to unveil the initiative in a blog post unveiling ...
Google's vision improving for image search
Posted by Oyya-Info on Monday, June 22, 2009, In : Google
Google thinks it has made a breakthrough in "computer vision."
Imagine stumbling upon a picture of a beautiful site in Europe filled with ancient ruins, one you didn't recognize at first glance while searching for vacation destinations online. Google has developed a way to let a person provide Google with the URL for that image and search a database of over 40 million geotagged photos to match that image to verified landmarks, giving you a destination for that next trip.
The project is still ...
Google considers request to boost privacy
Posted by Oyya-Info on Wednesday, June 17, 2009, In : Security
PST to clarify that Gmail data has always been encrypted by default when a user types in https:// and that last year they offered the ability to set https:// as the default.
More than three dozen security and privacy advocates and researchers are asking Google to offer better data protection for users of Gmail and other Google apps and Google said on Tuesday that it is considering doing that, if it doesn't slow down the apps too much.
You may not know this but you can set Gmail to encrypt ...
Dasient helps Web sites avoid blacklists, malware
Posted by Oyya-Info on Tuesday, June 16, 2009, In : Security
Last week, PBWorks founder David Weekly found out from some customers that his hosted collaboration site had been blacklisted by Symantec for hosting malware and, thus, visitors to any of the 10 million pages on PBWorks were being warned that the site wasn't safe.
"(Damn) you, Norton Safe Web. Whenever one file on one PBWorks space has a virus, all of PBworks is marked unsafe?!" a frustrated Weekly wrote on Twitter and Facebook on Thursday. In a follow-up interview, he said: "That's tarnishi...
Why Google might want you to think it's scared of Bing
Posted by Oyya-Info on Tuesday, June 16, 2009, In : Google
So the Googlies are, allegedly, gnashing and wailing.
Their ears, their nostrils, even their fully formed eyebrows are twitching beyond all human control.
Though I am not one of those who necessarily subscribes to the idea that Googlies ever have extreme emotions, the rumor is that they are in a fizzy tizzy. Because of Bing, the new search fragrance from Microsoft.
According to a report, Google's Sergey Brin has ordered some of his finest brains to take Bing apart as if it were a secretly smu...
Bing modified to enable porn filtering
Posted by Oyya-Info on Monday, June 15, 2009, In : Microsoft
After plenty of coverage about how its Bing search engine makes it all too easy for kids to find and view porn, Microsoft has made some changes that will make it easier for parents to block or monitor what their kids are viewing on the site.
In a blog post, Microsoft announced that it is making two changes the company thinks will help address the issue.
According to the post, "explicit images and video content will now be coming from a separate single domain, explicit.bing.net. This is i...
Google Squared goes live with mixed results
Google Squared developers are quite welcome to join my fantasy baseball team next year.
Google turned on Google Squared Wednesday, letting the public test out its attempt to present search results in grid format.
Google Squared was first demonstrated at Google's Searchology event in May, when the company showed off how a query for a category such as "U.S. Presidents" would return a number of results for the gentlemen who have held that office sorted by categories, such as political party, n...
Google revises AdWords trademark policy
Google has revised its policy on trademarks appearing in keyword ads, allowing brand names to appear in AdWords copy.
Google will begin accepting new ads that contain trademark terms on Friday although the ads will not begin appearing online until June 11, Dan Friedman, a member of the Inside AdWords crew, announced Thursday in a company blog:
In an effort to improve ad quality and user experience, we are adjusting our trademark policy in the U.S. to allow some ads to use trademarks in ...
Google fine-tunes : new filters + visualized results
Marissa Mayer, vice president of search products and experience, led a parade of the company's product managers on stage at Searchology 2009 to demonstrate the new features, known as Google Search Options, Google Squared, and Rich Snippets. Search Options will be rolling out gradually on Tuesday, giving searchers ways to filter their results based on factors like timeliness, result type such as image or videos, or a desire to see search results in visual form.
The announcements "center ar...
Google Chrome ads coming to TV
Google plans to make its first foray into the old-fashioned world of television advertising with spots promoting its Chrome browser this weekend.
Google Japan had already released a 30-second video promoting Chrome on YouTube, but the company will distribute that video through the Google TV Ads network this weekend as an experiment to see if it can drum up interest in Chrome, its new browser. Google said it's using the research it has done on measuring the relevance of television ads in o...
Analyst: Google will walk away from bad AdSense deals
Are the days of silly AdSense deals with the likes of MySpace and AOL over for Google? Bernstein analyst Jeffrey Lindsay seems to think so. The analyst upped his price target to $600 for Google shares on the theory that the economy is rebounding and the search giant's revenue per click ratio will follow. Meanwhile, Google's profit margins are likely to go higher.
And Google's ability to walk away from high-cost AdSense deals are one reason those margins are headed higher. Lindsay writes in a ...
Google Chrome patch fixes vanishing scrollbar
Did you pine for those missing Gmail scrollbars when using the latest version of Chrome, as I did? Pine no more, because Google said its latest developer release of the open-source browser gives them back.
Chrome 2.0.177.1 is on the developer preview release channel, not the better-tested beta or stable channels, so not everyone will get it. (You can sign up for the developer or beta channels by downloading the Chrome Channel Changer, but be warned that you have to uninstall them if you w...
Google Custom Search Cuts uTorrent Off
The immensely popular BitTorrent client uTorrent recently added a Google powered torrent search engine to its website. This added search capability used Google's custom search program and allowed visitors to search for .torrent files on Google. For reasons unknown, Google appears to be blocking the use of its search technology on the site.
With over 28 million active users a month, uTorrent has established itself as the client of choice for most BitTorrent users. In an attempt to bring in so...
Google tech tweak reveals plan for faster search
It was the kind of detail that only experts in Web traffic analysis could love, but a technical change Google is making turns out to reveal something a lot more people care about: faster search results.
Specifically, Google is trying out a new way to present search results that uses the JavaScript programming language and the related Ajax interface technology, not just regular HTML, to display the information, Google spokesman Eitan Bencuya said.
The reason: with the Ajax-enhanced search res...
Google opens update software to scrutiny
In an attempt to better show what its software is up to, Google has released the source code of its Google Update software, a project code-named Omaha that can automatically install new versions of programs, including the Chrome browser and Google Earth.
"Some users can be surprised to find this program running, and at Google, we don't like disappointing our users. We've been working hard to address these concerns, and releasing the source code for Omaha is our attempt to make the purpose of G...


text:
Tretter: NFL season in jeopardy
Union prez concerned season will be stopped "in its tracks"
Cleveland Browns center JC Tretter (64) lines up in the second half of an NFL football game against the Tennessee Titans, Sunday, Sept. 8, 2019, in Cleveland. Tennessee won 43-13. (AP Photo/David Richard)(David Richard | AP)
By Tony Zarrella
Published: Jul. 7, 2020 at 5:18 PM EDT
CLEVELAND, Ohio (WOIO) - Browns center and NFLPA President J.C. Tretter lashed out at the NFL on Tuesday, voicing concerns that the league isn't taking the issue of player safety seriously enough, and warning that forcing players to kick off training camps too early, and scheduling two preseason games, could affect the regular season.
Concerning the NFL's desire for two preseason games, Tretter wrote in a blog post: With no medical reason provided for holding any preseason games and the desire to follow the Joint Committee's recommendations, the NFLPA Board of Player Representatives unanimously voted against any preseason games this season.
Tretter also wrote: Every decision this year that prioritizes normalcy over innovation, custom over science or even football over health, significantly reduces our chances of completing the full season.
We don't want to merely return to work and have the season shut down before we even get started. The NFLPA will do its part to advocate for player safety. We will continue to hold the NFL accountable and demand that the league use data, science and the recommendations of its own medical experts to make decisions. It has been clear for months that we need to find a way to fit football inside the world of coronavirus. Making decisions outside that lens is both dangerous and irresponsible.
Training camps around the league are scheduled to open July 28 for most players, but Tretter believes the NFL must adjust, and have a better plan during this pandemic: Like many other industries, football's resistance to change is based on the belief that the best way to run things is the way we've always run things. That pervasive thought process will stop this season in its tracks.
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