text:
Greek Orthodox congregation in Rye celebrates Easter
The Birmingham News - al.com
The Journal News | LoHud.com
Joana Kaso and her daughter Khloe light candles for Easter service held at the Greek Orthodox Church of our Savior in Harrison, May 5, 2013. Candles are an important part of the Mass as each lit candle represents the light Jesus' message brought to the ...
Annunciation Greek Orthodox faithful proclaim 'Christ is Risen' (photos)The Birmingham News - al.com
Greek Orthodox Ladies' 'Not Just YiaYia's Cookbook' celebrates Orthodox Easter ...MassLive.com
Greeks determined to celebrate Easter in style despite recessioneuronews
Culinary Backstreets -Reading Eagle
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.lohud.com
Greek Antiquities Pillaged By Nazis
669B2B82D773AF66863377F9D3C86B25 The pillaging of Greek antiquities during the German Occupation of WWII could surpass more than 8,500, according to the journalist Giorgos Lekakis. If those items were sold today in auction houses, their value ...
Dendias Says Golden Dawn Could Be Banned
After the European Union's human rights chief said that there's enough evidence of violence being perpetrated by the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn party that has 18 seats in Parliament to outlaw the group, Public Order Minister Nikos Dendias said the government ...
Fire At Sparling Dr. Home In Greece
13WHAM-TV
Greece, N.Y. - A home on Sparling Drive was badly damaged by a fire Sunday afternoon. When fire crews arrived on scene around 1:30 p.m., flames and smoke were pouring from the roof and windows. Firefighters initially tried to put out the fire from the ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.13wham.com
Greece's oldest Facebook user dies at age 105
The oldest Greek to be registered on the social networking website Facebook, died on Thursday at the age of 105, his family wrote on his personal Facebook page on Sunday. Leonidas Panoutsopoulos, a former cobbler, had amassed thousands of friends on ...
Greece: 'worst is over' before IMF delivers verdict
Greece: 'worst is over' before IMF delivers verdict - The Age
Greece's crisis-hit economy is finally beginning to heal, according to the country's finance minister before a crucial report by the International Monetary Fund that is likely to be more positive than in the past. Yannis Stournaras said ''the worst is ...
Stournaras says recovery close as Greece receives 2.8bln euros from March ...Kathimerini
Greece may be able to return to debt markets by this time next year according ...Seeking Alpha
Greek Minister Sees Signs of RecoveryWall Street Journal
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.theage.com.au
Greek Orthodox church observes Good Friday in Jersey City
The Jersey Journal - NJ.com
on May 05, 2013 at 1:15 PM, updated May 05, 2013 at 1:16 PM. View/Post Comments. On Friday, the Evangelismos Greek Orthodox Church in Jersey City observed the church's Good Friday with a processional. Journal photographer Alyssa Ki took in some of ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.nj.com
Giannis Adetokunbo: Breaking Down Greek Phenom's 2013 NBA Draft Stock
It seems like every year we come across a late-blooming international prospect who graces NBA radars. In 2013, it's 18-year-old Giannis Adetokunbo of Greece. And this one didn't just grace the screen, he splattered his name across it. Scouts and ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT bleacherreport.com
Step back in time: Walking all the way back to the wonders of Ancient Greece
My Classical Greek Journey with an eclectic bunch of hikers was a winner from the start; organised but not regimented, as we found at our first stop - magnificent Delphi. The views from this sacred site, backed by majestic Mount Parnassus, are superb.
'The worst is over' for Greece
'The worst is over' for Greece - Sydney Morning Herald
Greece's crisis-hit economy is finally beginning to heal, the country's finance minister says, before a crucial report by the International Monetary Fund that is likely to be more positive than in the past. The minister, Yannis Stournaras, said ''the ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.smh.com.au
Battle on for Greek ace
EatSleepSport
Battle on for Greek ace. Last Updated: Sun, 05 May 2013 14:10. Chelsea have joined Manchester City in the race to sign Greece international defender Kyriakos Papadopoulos. The 21-year-old has impressed in the Bundesliga with Schalke this season and ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.eatsleepsport.com
Greece's Alpha Bank to trade ex-rights from May 13
Yahoo!7 News
ATHENS (Reuters) - Shares in Greece's Alpha Bank will trade without rights to its planned 457 million euro (385 million pounds) share offering from May 13, the Athens bourse said, as the country's big banks kick off their recapitalisation. Greece's top ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT au.news.yahoo.com
Annunciation Greek Orthodox faithful proclaim 'Christ is Risen' (photos)
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Vigil, May 4-5, 2013 At midnight, worshipers at Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church in Mobile, Ala., file outside the S. Ann Street church, led by Rev. Elias Stevens, to proclaim the resurrection of Christ on May 5, 2013.
St. Matthew's Greek Orthodox Church welcomes a mix of members of all ethnic ...Reading Eagle
Culinary Backstreets -New England Business Bulletin
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.al.com
Ancient Greek Wine Ages Well
215px-ASSYRTIKO Assyrtiko wine is made from one of Greece's finest versatile white grape varieties, indigenous to the island of Santorini. Santorini is a wine region located on the archipelago of Santorini in the southern Cyclades islands of the Aegean ...
Helen Flanagan holidaying in Greece sans beau Scott Sinclair
Helen Flanagan holidaying in Greece sans beau Scott Sinclair - News Track India
Newstrack India
London, May 5 (ANI): Helen Flanagan has fled to a Greek isle without boyfriend Scott Sinclair, it has been revealed. According to the Sunday People, the day after she was crowned the UK's sexiest woman by FHM magazine, she flew off with pals to the ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.newstrackindia.com
Crisis-stricken Greece observes rise in social inequality
Battered by the eurozone's three-year debt crisis and four years of austerity, Greece has the highest unemployment rate in the 27-nation European Union, with more than one in four people out of work. And this economic crisis has now transformed into a ...
Barry Lewis: This Greek yogurt snob savors NY's piece of pie
Times Herald-Record
Actually, I'm a connoisseur of Greek yogurt — moving into the ranks of becoming a Greek yogurt snob. Not bad for a kid who grew up having ketchup on spaghetti, thinking sliced tomatoes on a tuna fish sandwich was a delicacy and Jell-O with fruit was ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.recordonline.com
Why Obama Cannot Match Germany's Jobs Miracle
In 2002, Chancellor Gerhard Schroder appointed a jobs council headed by Volkswagen's Peter Hartz to solve Germany's high unemployment. In 2011, President Barack Obama similarly appointed a jobs commission headed by General Electric's Jeffrey Immelt to achieve the same goal. (At the time, Schroeder headed the SPD, the equivalent of America's Democratic Party.) Germany's labor market turned around in a dramatic fashion after Schroeder implemented the Hartz Commission's sweeping reforms between 2002 and 2005. In contrast, Obama's Immelt Council quietly disbanded without making substantive proposals, and America's worst jobs recovery of the postwar period continued. Obama cannot duplicate the German reforms. They reject his Keynesian belief that jobs are created by government stimulus. Instead, the Hartz reforms rest on the common sense notion that people take jobs when work, rather than welfare, pays. Such an approach violates Obama's core beliefs. Government must make the lives of the unemployed as comfortable as possible. No, the Germans say. If the state gives too much, the unemployed will have no incentive to take jobs, even when they are available. Just as Germany alone pushed back against the anti-austerity complaints of Southern Europe, so it rejects the Keynesian blame of deficient demand for unemployment. Instead of stimulus, the Germans raise incentives for unemployed workers to take jobs. They believe that welfare programs must be calibrated to "make work pay." Otherwise able-bodied persons will be tempted to take the easy way out of pay without work. The Germans would characterize President Obama's "jobs program" of fiscal stimulus and generous and extended unemployment benefits as well-intentioned medicine that kills rather than cures the patient. They would laugh off the Obama team's odd notion that higher unemployment benefits create jobs by putting money in the pockets of the unemployed. Surely, Obama can't be serious. Germany's labor market reforms have made Germany's economy a rare bright spot in a troubled world: While German newspapers headline: "Germany on the Way to New Full Employment," the rest of Europe records a 12 percent unemployment rate, and the United States settles for a "new normal" of high unemployment. Posters in German subways are full of job offers, while Spanish, Italian, and Greek workers take to the streets to protest the lack of jobs. A German political cartoon shows a well-groomed executive sweeping the factory grounds for lack of employees. The origins of Germany's labor-market turnaround dates back to the mid-1990s, when its ruling class decided that things could not continue to go on this way. A humiliated Germany, of "Wirtschaftswunder" fame, had joined the rest of Europe in recording double digit unemployment rates, peaking at 13 percent in early 2005. The fabled German engineering machine was sputtering and needed new life. Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder called for labor market reforms in his 1995 "Agenda 2010." He appointed a reform commission, headed by Peter Hartz, the head of personnel at Volkswagen. Hartz and his fellow commissioners were ordered to devise a plan for reducing unemployment and restoring German competitiveness. Unlike the United States where grand bargains are talked about and then forgotten, the Hartz reforms were actually implemented first by Schroeder and then by his successor Angela Merkel of the Christian Democrat Party. The fourth and final phase of the Hartz reforms went into effect in 2005 under Merkel. Within less than a decade, Germany halved its unemployment rate, while the rest of the Euro Zone remained stuck with double-digit unemployment. Prior to "Hartz IV" – as the Germans call it -- Germany was noted for its generosity to those without jobs. Unemployment benefits preserved as much of former earnings as possible. Unemployed workers could turn down jobs that did not correspond to their specific qualifications without losing benefits. (Taxi drivers could refuse jobs as truck drivers). The unemployed could refuse jobs that required a change of location. Unemployed workers received unemployment checks alongside generous welfare benefits. The unemployed even received money for their vacations. "Hartz IV" turned Germany from one of the most generous welfare and unemployment systems into one of the stingiest. Workers who lose their jobs receive unemployment benefits based on their previous earnings and time on the job for six months to two years. Once unemployed workers exhaust their regular unemployment benefits, they enter the Hartz IV program. (Germans use "Hartz IV" to describe the long-term unemployed who are in the program, often derisively, as well as the program itself.) If you have never been employed, such as a graduating student, you go immediately into the Hartz IV program. Hartz IV recipients receive about $400 per month for living expenses. Their rent and health insurance are paid directly by the state, subject to limitations on square meters of living space. If a "Hartz IV" turns down job offers, he or she stand to lose part or all their benefits. In addition to the $220 per month of "children's money" that all families receive, a "Hartz IV" receives a monthly supplement of about $130 per child. With these benefits, a single unemployed woman with one child has less than $750 per month for expenses, after the state directly pays her rent and health insurance. Unlike other unemployment insurance programs, the Labor Office (renamed the "Jobs Center") considers the Hartz IV recipient's "need community" (Bedarfsgemeinschaft in bureaucratic German). A spouse or a partner with earnings reduces benefits according to a published formula. A recipient sharing a common refrigerator also can experience reduced benefits because basic needs are being met by others. Hartz IV recipients must go through a complicated bureaucratic procedure to replace essential household items such as a refrigerator or television set. The Labor Office conducts unannounced inspections to check for the presence of other adults or other signs of unreported earnings. The Germans devised the Hartz IV system to limit benefits to a subsistence level of living. The only way to rise above subsistence is to work. Once the chronic unemployed reach retirement age, they switch from Hartz IV to a state pension. In effect, Hartz IV recipients put their lives in receivership to the omnipresent Jobs Center. Hartz IV recipients are allowed to keep a maximum of $13,000 in savings. Any savings over that amount must go to pay their expenses before they can receive Hartz IV money. The Hartz IV program increases jobs and "makes work pay" for the low-skilled by taking advantage of Germany's lack of a minimum wage. Hartz IV recipients who take "Ein Euro jobs" that pay one Euro per hour keep their entire earnings without losing benefits. They can also take so-called mini jobs earning $530 per month or more with a graduated loss of benefits. Of course, the Hartz IV reforms are not universally popular. The labor unions hate them as does the "Party of the Left." A female Jobs Center employee became a folk hero, when she refused to reduce the benefits of a Hartz IV recipient who had broken its "barbaric" rules. The most remarkable feature of the Hartz reforms is that the German political class had the courage to make hard choices. Gerhard Schroeder's support for labor market reform was the equivalent of Nixon going to China. Only a Social Democrat could push through such a reform. It cost his party two elections as his angry left wing (including Germany's Teddy Kennedy, Oskar Lafontaine) split from the Social Democrats to join splinter parties. The American political class should look to Germany for two reasons: First, Germany provides a natural experiment of Keynesian versus Non-Keynesian labor market policy. I would challenge those continuing to push stimulus in the United States as an answer to unemployment (versus raising incentives to take jobs) to explain the halving of Germany's unemployment rate in such a short time. Second Germany is a lesson in political courage – to do the right thing regardless of the political consequences. Such courage is sorely lacking on both sides of the aisle in the United States. Few if any American politicians have the courage to risk the demagoguery that would accompany their support for lower welfare or unemployment checks. For Obama to support such a program would be selling his soul to the devil.
Greek Orthodox Church of Prescott continues Holy Week services Saturday ...
Prescott Daily Courier
Greek Orthodox Church of Prescott continues Holy Week services Saturday, Sunday. St. George Greek Orthodox Church of Prescott concludes its Holy Week services that lead to its Easter observance this weekend with services both today and Sunday. Today ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT www.dcourier.com
Crisis-hit Greece sees rise in social inequality
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT economictimes.indiatimes.com
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church celebrates Pascha
Lancaster Newspapers
For many members of the Greek Orthodox Church, the earliest memories of church are from Holy Week. "I know a man who remembers when he was 4 years old and the church was completely darkened and the priest carried Christ on the cross and the ...
READ THE ORIGINAL POST AT lancasteronline.com
▼ May (2362)
Greek Orthodox congregation in Rye celebrates East...
Greece: 'worst is over' before IMF delivers verdic...
Greek Orthodox church observes Good Friday in Jers...
Giannis Adetokunbo: Breaking Down Greek Phenom's 2...
Step back in time: Walking all the way back to the...
Greece's Alpha Bank to trade ex-rights from May 13...
Annunciation Greek Orthodox faithful proclaim 'Chr...
Helen Flanagan holidaying in Greece sans beau Scot...
Crisis-stricken Greece observes rise in social ine...
Barry Lewis: This Greek yogurt snob savors NY's pi...
Greek Orthodox Church of Prescott continues Holy W...
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church celebrates Pasc...
In Lean Years After Boom, Spain's Graft Laid Bare
Climate changes could bring malaria to the UK
Ten bright ideas to make the banking serve the UK ...
Helen Flanagan flees to Greek island without boyfr...
St. Matthew's Greek Orthodox Church welcomes a mix...


The bird known as parrot is usually green.
A. These birds known as parrots is usually green.
B. Those birds known as parrots is usually greens.
C. The birds known as parrots are usually green.
D. That birds known as a parrot are usually green.
All my friends are going for the movie.
A. One of my friend are going for the movie.
The cow has eaten all the fodder.
A. The cows have eaten all the fodder.
B. The cows are eaten all the fodder.
C. The cows have eaten all the fodders.
D. These cows have eaten all the fodder.
Those dogs have new leashes.
A. This dog has a new leashes.
A penny wisely spent is a penny saved.
A. Pennie's wisely spent are pennie's saved.
B. Pennies wisely spent are pennies saved.
C. Penny's wisely spent are penny's saved.
D. The pennies wisely's spent are pennies saved.
Those trains should run more frequently.
Monkeys are dangerous, aren't they?
A. A monkey is dangerous, isn't he?
B. A monkey being dangerous, isn't he?
C. A monkey is dangerous, isn't it?
D. A monkey are dangerous, aren't it?
A mango is a very tasty fruit.
A. Mangoes are very tasty fruit's.


text:
Explore Emerging Voices Interview
INABA interview
Jeffrey Inaba of INABA discusses how architects give form to content.
INABA | Skylight, Stavanger, Norway, 2012. Image courtesy INABA
An interview with INABA, a 2012 Emerging Voice.
Working in a variety of media, INABA "gives form to content" by "giving shape to facts through design." The firm, led by Jeffrey Inaba with offices in Los Angeles and New York, applies architectural design at multiple scales, ranging from diagrams and books to installations and master plans. Among the firm's recent projects are a temporary café for the 2010 Whitney Biennial and installations for the 2011 Gwangju Design Biennale, Korea; Little Tokyo Design Week, Los Angeles; and the Festival of Ideas for the New City, New York.
Jeffrey Inaba sat down to discuss his work and what it means to be an Emerging Voice with Anne Rieselbach, the League's Program Director.
Anne Rieselbach, the Architectural League: This series emphasizes the voice of practitioners: how would you describe your voice?
Jeffrey Inaba: After I graduated from school I was pretty sure I was going to do research, so for the last twelve years since graduating I've just focused on that. It was only recently, from 2005 onward, that we started to think seriously about doing design projects—and even those design projects came out of research commissions. So I think if I do have a voice, it would be one that comes from a content and analysis background. Maybe what's unique about the way I see architecture, and practice architecture, is that I don't believe form should be totally content driven, or totally research driven, but rather that research can teach me to put together arguments and assemble reasoning that is based in analysis.
Rieselbach: As an emerging firm, what do you see as the advantages and challenges to practice in today's economic, professional, and intellectual climate?
Inaba: More people are willing to come to emerging firms because they're worried at the moment about paying premiums for architects. I do think that there is some room for work [for an emerging firm], especially work where the client doesn't know exactly what to do, so they want to approach a younger firm for exploratory work to test out options and scenarios. And being a smaller, emerging firm, and being very sensitive to the economic dynamics that we're going through, helps us provide a point of view for clients when the commission or research doesn't assume a large budget.
Rieselbach: It feels more flexible?
Inaba: It feels more flexible, and I think that they think we're more sensitive to budget issues, coming from the fact that we've experienced budget crises ourselves.
Rieselbach: Much of your work has focused on aggregating content, yet you place an emphasis on the practice of architecture as a matter of advancing the design of form. Could you expand on the relationship between research and form-making?
Inaba: In general in architecture today there's too much research going on, and a lot of that research is very well-intentioned, but the accumulation of facts isn't really productive. There has to be some kind of assessment, evaluation, synthesis, and formulation of that information into something. That formulation has to be formed, in the sense that there has to be editing. There has to be a process of distillation, and there has to be a decision about what would be the right means to present that information. So it's typological—should it be a book, or should it be a magazine article, or a diagram, or an installation, or a video? The type of form that content should take is a thing that is a matter of form-making. Once one does that, it's not like that genre of form is going to do all the work for you; it has to be manipulated, it has to be designed, it has to be refined. That, too, requires an understanding of particular genres, points and issues. For example, the way of putting together a book—and refining it and editing it and dealing with emphasis of particular points of content—is very different than doing so in a video or in a master plan. And it's that level of design sensitivity that has to be understood as a matter of design as form.
Rieselbach: You shy away from the term "multidisciplinary" in describing your practice, but your work spans a broad spectrum of disciplines and scales—from research to editorial projects, from installations to urban plans. How would you describe this mix, and what ties it all together?
Inaba: Our point would be that a client would want to work with us, or someone would come to us to commission a project, because we are architects. Our approach to things is architectural. I think that when we do a book or an installation, we try to understand the full spectrum of knowledge that's required, but we just focus on the aspects of that particular medium that are similar to architecture, applying architectural design methods to just those specific elements. So there are things that are extraneous, or beyond our expertise in the very mediums that we work with, if it's not a building or a master plan. So in that sense, we don't see ourselves as multidisciplinary, or that we're expert at a number of different things. It's only the parts where we see resonance with architecture that we really want to engage and feel capable of doing so in an effective way. And more so, whatever content, whatever things that we do produce, I would want to regard as architecture rather than as artwork, or as a book.
Volume 2 of a Limited Edition publication produced by C-LAB.
Rieselbach: Can you give me an example of the editorial work you do, and how an architect would do something differently than someone who isn't an architect.
Inaba: That's a good question. I don't know if there is a clear example, but in the editing that we do—of course we want the copy to be good, and we want it to be interesting and reader-friendly—but I think that how we juxtapose images with text prioritizes the visual narrative more than a person without a general design training would. There is a quantitative logic in the way that we lay things out—the compositional proportion of the text to the images—that many graphic designers would say are unnecessarily rigorous in terms of their layout. But it's just something that we like to do, that we find consonant with the other work that we do.
Rieselbach: So each affects the other: how you're designing it would affect how you would edit the text?
Inaba: Very much so.
Rieselbach: By my count, you've designed at least seven kiosks and temporary exhibition-related spaces in the last few years and I think I'm missing a few there. Can you outline the process of programming and designing these places and spaces: where do the material considerations come into play? Is the incorporation of content implicit or explicit?
Inaba: We have done quite a few kiosks, and if you also include the tables that we've done, there are a lot of varied approaches. Sometimes we'll take a logo, like for a project that we did for the Little Tokyo Design Week. We took the logo that was designed for the festival and broke it down to make different types of typography and reinvented that typography to make a new pattern that could create a texture on the outside of the structure. Like architecture, the pattern was designed so that it had one sense of legibility from far away and another reading up close. On top of that, we took those fragments and produced a new typography out of them, so that at a very close scale you can read information on it. So that was a combination of taking formal elements and reinterpreting them as content, but a very different content than the content we were given. So that's one way in which we appropriate forms and produce new ones, and new content, in return. Other things are really technology and fabrication driven. So, for example, the kiosk we did for the New Museum for the Festival of Ideas—it was really a matter of discovering that to make something with a robot would be cheaper than doing it manually. But also discovering that the form of the object could be more sculptural. So that was really interesting to us, that we could cut costs by using a particular type of technology, and at the same time create a new degree of latitude in what the formal expression of the object could be. The whole project was about testing to what extent the project could be formally expressive within the cost constraints.
Rieselbach: The New Museum project carried dual information: there was both the screen with information accessed digitally, and there was print material. Did you determine that? Or was the program determined ahead of time?
Inaba: It was collectively determined. So even though the form of the kiosk is probably one of the most sculptural things we've done, it was based on the opportunities that were afforded by the way we economically structured the project. And that type of tight fit between the economic parameters and the fabrication opportunities is something that comes from the analytical sensibility that we have in doing research. That was the main driver for that particular project.
This idea of just how sculptural a project can be within the fabrication constraints is also what drives the project we did in Norway, which is a hanging, suspended, sculptural piece for a new concert hall. The overall forms are generated from a pure cylinder. The form is created by chunks of the surface of the cylinder cut away. Because it is generated from a pure cylinder, the fabrication cost is less, because all of the panel units have the same curvature. We were able to get a very dynamic, asymmetrical form out of it, and the rigor of that form was really generated from the attempt to make something with a high degree of economy. For us, the way to explore forms is to use, generate, and explore limits or latitudes that we that we ourselves impose on a project. I think that's what makes us attractive in this day and age: that we are conscious from the get-go of what the particular budget constraints are, and we stay within them.
Rieselbach: Getting back to the one of the early kiosks, wasn't it for a cancer center or a healthcare center?
Inaba: It was for a hospital, in Rome. It was a really interesting piece. It was a very strategic design, since in Rome to design even a temporary structure requires an archeologist, certified by the federal government, to do an inspection of the site. The archeologist not only has a say in whether or not it can be built, but how deep the foundations can be excavated. In this case, they said that it could only be excavated half a meter, which became one of the drivers of the project. We proceeded with the idea that, in terms of budget, there was enough money to do either a nice temporary structure or a really low-cost permanent structure—we chose the latter. And even though officially it was permitted as a temporary structure, once it was built, since it was the only waiting room in the entire hospital, which is the largest public hospital in Rome, no one was going to say, "Hey, tear that down."
Rieselbach: This is their only waiting room?
Inaba: Yes, interestingly enough. The campus was based on the mid-1800s model of science: the idea was that if you had a lung-related disease, you go to one building and you just stay there. If you have a blood-related disease, you stay in the blood-disease building. The campus was entirely decentralized, and so there wasn't a single place for all patients to wait. So our project became the waiting room for all of them. The idea that it was a low-cost, permanent structure drove the selection of materials. The structure is steel, about seven meters in diameter. It's managed by the hospital now.
Rieselbach: What's next for you?
Inaba: The type of work we are doing involves the space between something that might appear to be overly logical because it's rational, and one that may be excessively difficult to build because it's sculptural. I find that exciting. The types of projects that will allow us to explore that approach are what's most important. If it's a building, great. If it's an interior, great. If it's a research document for a company, great. I think it's more about being the right fit with the given circumstances, than it is being partial to a particular genre. I wouldn't say doing a single, freestanding building right now would be an affirmation of all the work we've done up to this point. Though it would definitely allow us to explore many things that we haven't before. But it is only now that I would even think about doing a building. It's the work we've done thus far that has given me the interest and the reason.
INABA lecture
Jeffrey Inaba
Sou Fujimoto: Between nature and architecture
The Japanese architect discusses three early conceptual works and six recent projects.
Current Work Video 2014
Heather Roberge lecture
Emerging Voices 2016 winner Heather Roberge discusses her work.
A Parallel History
In an introduction to 1977 book Women in American Architecture, Susana Torre considers cultural assumptions about women as consumers, producers, critics, and creators of space.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Theo Fennell and Carol Woolton to present at Royal College of Arts.
British jewellery brand Theo Fennell will host its annual awards at the Royal College of Art, London, on June 24 for the tenth consecutive year.
Designer Theo Fennell will team with jewellery editor of British Vogue Carol Woolton, and senior creative director at Theo Fennell, Rachel Hopkins, to award prizes to graduating students from the Goldsmithing, Silversmithing and Metalwork & Jewellery master's degree programme.
Previous winners, including Victoria Delany, who was awarded 'Best Work in Silver' in 2010, have gone on to become talented and recognised young designers.
The prizes being awarded at the RCA in 2014 include; Overall Excellence, Best Work in Silver, Best Work in Jewellery and two Highly Commended categories.
As well as a cash prize, the five winners will each receive a beautiful silver Pavilion Dish, crafted by hand in Theo Fennell's dedicated workshop.
This year's winning designs will be showcased at Theo Fennell's flagship Fulham Road store in the coming months.
Work by the GSM&J students will be on display at Show RCA 2014 from June 18 to 24 at the Royal College of Art, Hester Road, Battersea, London SW11 4AN.


Women's troupe fatma zahra has a very good experience since she has worked private evenings and festivals.
It is characterized by its seriousness at work, respect, listening and negotiation, competence in the field of arts and entertainment.
It is essential to make the right choice our troupe fatma zahra offers you services adapted to your needs so that your evening's success is complete.
We welcome you with a variety of music options for your weddings, gala dinners, private parties and receptions.


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The Tough Armor case for Apple Watch will guard against bumps and scratches.
High quality construction that absorbs shock and gives a solid appearance.
Sporty design with technical details like metal buttons for added style.
Built-in screen protector maintains original clarity and touch.
3.5" x 3.5" x 0.75"


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WEBO is an AM radio station licensed to Owego, New York. WEBO is also rebroadcast on FM translators 98.5 (W253CH Owego), 101.3 (W267BQ Candor), 105.1 (W286CS Waverly) and 107.9 MHz (W300BV Endicott).

History
The station was purchased by the Radigan family from the Tioga Theater in May 2006 without a permanent transmitter site. Studios and offices were established at 57 North Avenue in the village of Owego.  Land was purchased to build a new AM tower which was erected in 2007.  The radio station's studio and transmitter facilities were completely overhauled.

The station runs an adult contemporary format with music from the 1980s, '90s and Now with CBS Radio Network and AccuWeather operating on 1330 kHz as well as 4 FM translators. The station is owned by the Radigan Broadcasting Group, LLC, which is a Radigan family partnership; Dave Radigan is the station's managing partner.

The station also broadcasts all NASCAR races through affiliations with Motor Racing Network (MRN) and the Performance Racing Network (PRN). The station also has a local news and sports bureau serving Tioga County and the Triple Cities of Endicott, Johnson City, and Binghamton. High School football, basketball, baseball, and softball are covered.

Syracuse University football and basketball has been broadcast since 2009.

WEBO provided six continuous hours of live coverage of the Binghamton shooting.

WEBO was flooded out of its 57 North Avenue studios in the village of Owego during Tropical Storm Lee in 2011.  Despite this, the station managed to come back on the air 4 hours later from a camper at the station's AM tower site where it broadcast from, using generators, for a week.  Afterward, the station moved into the living room of the station's general manager Dave Radigan, for approximately 3 months.  WEBO returned to its longtime home of downtown Owego on 11/11/2011 from new studios at 60 North Avenue, which remained under construction until December 2011.

WEBO also provided continuous coverage during the Flood of 2006 but was unaffected.

The station was originally granted an FCC license in 1958.  WEBO broadcasts twenty-four hours per day, with the AM station operating at low power at night (the FM translators are, by rule, low power all day and night).

WEBO streams its programming on the Internet.

References

External links
WEBO Official Web site

EBO
Full service radio stations in the United States

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The BLAB8SS Plug-In for HomeSeer® communicates with the AB8SS speaker switcher using the serial port. The plug-in will allow you to use two AB8SS switchers. This plugin is written in VB .Net 2.0 and requires Homeseer Version 2.1.0 or later.
Allows the user to control two AB8SS speaker switchers.
The user can setup speaker scenes that will change speakers and inputs on both AB8SS switchers.
The user has access to multiple scripting methods to control the AB8SS switchers.


Hot Take: A frantic, good comedy that's also a good drama but not a great comedy-drama. Can a movie under 90 minutes ever be great? I'm still saying no.
You can skip the red text if you only want the review without a personal anecdote.
I went to see Mistress America on Labor Day at 9:40pm. The normally crowded multiplex was so empty, if it weren't for the ticket seller, the concession worker and the ticket taker, it would have felt post-apocalyptic. Somehow, I managed to enter and exit a 16 screen multiplex without seeing a human being paid to be there. If it weren't for my girlfriend sitting in a theater 300 miles away watching the same movie (long distance dating is a thing), I might have bought in to the potential of an ongoing apocalyptic event even more.
It's been a few years since I was the only person in the theater to watch a film. (It was a re-release of The Wizard of Oz if that's important.) If you've never experienced it, it's odd. Plus, it was in a theater with reserved stadium seating which put me dead center and I was fully reclined and about as comfortable as you can get watching a movie in a public setting.
Sometimes, the mood you're in impacts your viewing experience more than it should. Mistress America is fast paced, rapid fire and in my relaxed state, it mentally winded me. My brain didn't acclimate to the pace until about 30 minutes in (Plus, I was still thinking about how part of me would have welcomed the apocalypse if it meant I were stuck in the theater but true love would have forced me into the world to make the 300 mile trek to Pittsburgh if my girlfriend survived the end of days) and then it just gets more frenetic.
Anyway, back to Mistress America. This comedy-drama delivers a solid mixture of both but neither to the point in which director Noah Baumbach's film delivers a knock out but rather wins the audience on points. Lola Kirke (as Tracy) and Greta Gerwig (as soon to be step-sister Brooke) are a dynamic team. I instantly want to see more of their work. The most impressive feature are their non-verbal enhancement of a smart, dialogue-driven script.
The film is not without it's pitfalls. Mistress America flirts with a number of topics at once but, at 86 minutes, it views like an suitcase over packed to avoid a baggage fee. Everything you want is there but it's a challenge to take it all in upon first glance.
I remember the first time I mixed Mountain Dew and Red Bull. Watching this movie felt awfully similar.
Mistress America rarely takes itself too seriously and in all of the farce are a number of insights that are funnier because of how on target they are.
An 86 Minute Film Shouldn't Feel This Off-Kilter, Should It?
Maybe that's what the filmmaker was going for as an attempt to mirror the characters it portrays but the pace never relents as the characters develop and change.
Some movies can overcome their surroundings. Mistress is directly tied to it. A large audience would have a bigger impact on this movie than most.
The scene in will be polarizing and likely make or break the audience's ultimate reaction. If not bought in to the wordy, character-loaded peak, this is where Baumbach's work could completely derail for some.


text:
September 6, 2016 by iansales	2 Comments
Well, 2016 is definitely turning into the year of movies. To date, I've seen 431 movies, mostly on DVD and Blu-ray, mostly my own or from LoveFilm or Cinema Paradiso or on Amazon Prime. Some of them have been very good indeed, and I will probably watch them again (if I haven't done so already). Some were rentals I liked so much, I went and bought a copy of my own. And some… well, best not mention them…
Anyway, on with the next half-dozen adventures on the silver screen wot I have partaked:
Arabesque, Stanley Donen (1966, USA). Who remembers Charade? Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn in Paris. Lee Marvin as the villain. Missing millions. Which turned out to be a rare stamp on an innocuous envelope. It's a film with bags of 1960s charm – with a pair of leads like Grant and Hepburn, how can it not have charm? Arabesque was apparently Donen's attempt to hit the same sweet spot again. Unfortunately, while Donen wanted Grant, he got Peck. And Grant's dialogue doesn't work when coming from Peck. Sophia Loren manages to hold up her end, however. But both are hampered by a convoluted plot that's almost impossible to follow. Donen apparently remarked that the film could only succeed if he made it "so visually exciting the audience will never have time to work out what the hell is going on". And having now seen it, I can certainly vouch for the second half of that statement. Peck plays an Eygptologist who is asked to translate a message in heiroglyphics by head of an Arab state. It's all to do with some big oil develoment deal and a plan to assassinate the ruler, but most of the plot consists of Peck getting beaten up by the villain's henchmen or Peck and Loren chasing around London after the scrap of paper with the heiroglyphics on it. Not a high point on all three cvs, to be honest.
The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom, Michael Ritchie (1993, USA). In the normal course of events, I'd not give this film a second look, or indeed even a first one. But a film blog I read, Antagony & Ecstasy, wrote a long semi-approving piece on it, and a week or two later I stumbled across a copy in a charity shop… But, well, I guess this is not a movie that travels well. I've never seen the appeal of, or humour in, films depicting US white trailer trash or working class, and that's pretty much what this is – although it's based on a true story. Holly Hunter plays the title role, a mother who was so determined to see her daughter succeed she sort of agreed when her drunken brother-in-law (Beau Bridges) tried to entrap her into paying him to off a rival mother. The film is framed partly as Hunter preparing for an interview after the fact, and partly a dramatisation of events, and the whole thing seems mostly motivated by stupidity because the actual character motivations are somewhat opaque. Which makes Hunter's character come across like a sociopath. Which, to me, sort of ruins the whole desperate housewife story. It's not very funny film, either. I gave my copy to David Tallerman, so we'll see if he makes anything of it.
Crimes of Passion, Ken Russell (1984, USA). I don't think I'd ever call Russell an "interesting" director – he made a handful of solid films, one or two near-classics, and a lot of self-indulgent crap. From the write-up, I suspected Crimes of Passion fell on the border between "solid work" and "self-indulgent crap", so watching it was a bit of a gamble. And having now watched it… yes, it pretty much straddles the two groups. Kathleen Turner plays a fashion designer who moonlights as a prostitute, using the name China Blue. A surveillance expert is asked to spy on her because her employer suspects her of selling designs to competitors, and he becomes obsessed with her. There's Anthony Perkins, in full frothing-at-the-mouth mode, wandering around as preacher, who alternately demands to "save" China Blue or have sex with her. He also frequents peep shows. And then there's China Blue's customers, with their fetishes… It all looks a bit cheap (and I mean that in its pecuniary sense), and with Perkins drooling and spraying spittle one minute, and then Turner chewing the scenery in the next, it makes it all look like a shoestring exploitation flick with bizarrely high production values. An odd film.
Star Cops (1987, UK). Many thanks to Paul Cornell for tweeting that a third-party seller on Amazon had clearly found a stash of these somewhere and was selling them at a decent prize (around £20, if you must know). I'd missed buying myself a copy of Star Cops before it was deleted, and by the time I wanted one the price had reached silly money. But now I have one. I remembered the series from its original broadcast back in 1987, although having now seen all nine episodes on the DVD I think I might have missed one or two of the episodes. Anyway, I remembered it as smartly-written, with slightly dodgy production design and cheap effects. What I'd certainly forgotten was the vastly irritating theme song by Justin Hayward, which, while not quite as bad as Enterprise's, does have the added horror of getting stuck in your head for days afterwards. David Calder plays a British police officer on 2017 who distrusts the computers and continues to investigate a case the computers have ruled a suicide. It turns out he's right, of course; but it makes him enough enemies, and leads to the murder of his girlfriend, so he accepts a position as the new head of the International Space Police Force, based on a station in LEO. After a coupleof episodes there, the ISPF moves to an office at a base on the lunar surface (which was obviously a relief for the actors and the budget as it meant no more wires). One of the star cops is presented as a bit of an old-school dimwit, but he also does a nasty line in racist and sexist remarks. The other star cops are an Australian engineer, a US engineer, and a Japanese doctor. Most of the stories are pretty good, although the final one, 'Little Green Men and Other Martians', despite having a neat premise, does suggest the lunar base is wide open to whoever turns up – which I wouldn't have thought all that likely. I'm glad I finally got hold of a copy. These days, sf television series may have fancy special effects, but they rarely have writing as good as this.
Vidas Secas*, Nelson Pereiras dos Santos (1963, Brazil). This is generally reckoned to be the first film in Brazil's Cinema Novo movement. I wanted to watch it because it's on the 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die list – and because I'd become a fan of Glauber Rocha after watching three of his Cinema Novo movies – but Vidas Secas is almost impossible to find on DVD (as I type this, there's one copy available on Amazon for… £101.95). Fortunately, I managed to get a copy from another source, for no more than the price of a typical DVD. And yes, it was worth it. It's an adaptation of a novel of the same title, by Graciliano Ramos, and tells the story of a poor family in north-east Brazil. It was entered into the Cannes Film Festival and won the OCIC Award. Its plot isn't easy to summarise, as it's really just a series of incidents in which the family move from one place to another, try to scratch a living, are preyed on by those more powerful than themselves, and so move on elsewhere. In one village, a local policeman drags the husband into a card game, but when the husband leaves after losing his money, and so the policeman loses even more, the policeman goes after him, beats him up, and then arrests him for resisting arrest. The husband is thrown into jail and whipped. It's a grim film, althugh not unaffecting – near the end, the family are so hungry the husband tries to shoot their dog, but it takes him ages to work up the courage to do it, and then he botches it and the dog crawls away to die slowly. This is not a film to watch if you're not in a cheerful mood. It definitely belongs on the 1001 Movies you Must See Before You Die list, though.
The Fall of the Louse of Usher, Ken Russell (2002, UK). Well, I mentioned Russell's self-indulgent crap earlier, and I hadn't watched this. Which is absolutely awful. It's Russell's last film, was shot on his own property, and features himself and friends as the cast. A rock-star, Roddy Usher, played by James Johnston of Gallon Drunk, is consigned to a mental institution after killing his wife and walling up her body. His doctor is played by Russell himself. He gives Usher shock treatment and, well, lots of things happen, few of which I can, thanksfully, remember. It all looked horrible and cheap and amateurish, and I'm surprised it ever saw a general release. The DVD, released by Final Cut, calls it "the ultimate home movie", but even that fails to convey how crap it is. This is definitely a film to avoid. It was Russell's last feature film, and a poor epitaph for a man who did make some good stuff during his long career.
Categories: film review, films, moving pictures 2016 | Tags: ken russell, michael ritche, nelson pereira dos santos, stanley donen, star cops | Permalink.
2 thoughts on "Moving pictures, #43"
I agree–Arabesque feels like a not too subtle attempt to recapture the charm of Charade
Pingback: Moving pictures 2017, #67 | It Doesn't Have To Be Right...
youtube.com/watch?v=bgq4fw… 40 minutes ago
RT @BarristerSecret: Stand by for: 1. This did not happen. 2. It did happen, but the Prime Minister knew nothing about it. 3. The Prime… 1 hour ago
I just published Some Kind of Fairy Tale, Graham Joyce link.medium.com/L22nEzndYmb 1 hour ago
@Paul_C_Smith @martinmcgrath @arrroberts not if it was clearly within tent 23 hours ago


For other uses of "Hadith", see Hadith (disambiguation).
Ḥadith is the Arabic word for speech, report, account, narrative.:471 Unlike the Quran, not all Muslims believe hadith accounts (or at least not all hadith accounts) are divine revelation. Hadiths were not written down by Muhammad's followers immediately after his death but several generations later when they were collected, collated and compiled into a great corpus of Islamic literature. Different collections of hadith would come to differentiate the different branches of the Islamic faith. A small minority of Muslims called Quranists reject all hadith.
Because some ahadith include questionable and even contradictory statements, the authentication of ahadith became a major field of study in Islam. In its classic form a hadith has two parts — the chain of narrators who have transmitted the report (the isnad), and the main text of the report (the matn). Individual hadith are classified by Muslim clerics and jurists into categories such as sahih ("authentic"), hasan ("good") or da'if ("weak"). However, different groups and different scholars may classify a hadith differently.
Among some scholars of Sunni Islam, the term hadith may include not only the supposed words, advice, practices, etc. of Muhammad, but also those of his companions. In Shia Islam, hadith is the embodiment of the sunnah, the words and actions of the Prophet and his family the Ahl al-Bayt (The Twelve Imams and the Prophet's daughter, Fatimah).
In Arabic, the noun ḥadīth (حديث IPA: [ħæˈdiːθ]) means "report", "account", or "narrative". Its Arabic plural is aḥādīth (أحاديث [ʔæħæːˈdiːθ]). Hadith also refers to the speech of a person.
In Islamic terminology, according to Juan Campo, the term hadith refers to reports of statements or actions of Muhammad, or of his tacit approval or criticism of something said or done in his presence.
Classical hadith specialist Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani says that the intended meaning of hadith in religious tradition is something attributed to Muhammad but that is not found in the Quran.
Scholar Patricia Crone includes reports by others than Muhammad in her definition of hadith: "short reports (sometimes just a line or two) recording what an early figure, such as a companion of the prophet (known as sahabah) or Mohammed himself, said or did on a particular occasion, prefixed by a chain of transmitters". But she adds that "nowadays, hadith almost always means hadith from Mohammed himself."
Other associated words possess similar meanings including: khabar (news, information) often refers to reports about Muhammad, but sometimes refers to traditions about his companions and their successors from the following generation; conversely, athar (trace, vestige) usually refers to traditions about the companions and successors, though sometimes connotes traditions about Muhammad.
However, according to the Shia Islam Ahlul Bayt Digital Library Project, "... when there is no clear Qur'anic statement, nor is there a Hadith upon which Muslim schools have agreed. ... Shi'a ... refer to Ahlul-Bayt for deriving the Sunnah of Prophet." This means that in Shia Islam, the sunnah draws on the sayings and deeds of the Ahl al-Bayt, i.e. the Imams.
The word sunnah (custom or "all the traditions and practices" of the Islamic prophet that "have become models to be followed" by Muslims) is also used in reference to a normative custom of Muhammad or the early Muslim community.
Joseph Schacht describes hadith as providing "the documentation" of the sunnah.
Whereas the 'Hadith' is an oral communication that is allegedly derived from the Prophet or his teachings, the 'Sunna' (quite literally: mode of life, behaviour or example) signifies the prevailing customs of a particular community or people. ... A 'Sunna' is a practice which has been passed on by a community from generation to generation en masse, whereas the Ahadith are reports collected by later compilers often centuries removed from the source. ... A practice which is contained within the Hadith may well be regarded as Sunna, but it is not necessary that a Sunna would have a supporting hadith sanctioning it.
Some sources (Khaled Abou El Fadl) limit hadith to verbal reports, with the deeds of Muhammad and reports about his companions being part of the sunnah, but not hadith.
"from other persons are of no account in the face of a tradition from the Prophet, whether they confirm or contradict it; if the other persons had been aware of the tradition from the Prophet, they would have followed it".
This led to "the almost complete neglect" of traditions from Companions and others.
Collections of hadith sometimes mix those of Muhammad with the reports of others. Muwatta Imam Malik is usually described as "the earliest written collection of hadith" but sayings of Muhammad are "blended with the sayings of the companions", (822 hadith from Muhammad and 898 from others, according to the count of one edition). In Introduction to Hadith by Abd al-Hadi al-Fadli, Kitab Ali is referred to as "the first hadith book of the Ahl al-Bayt (family of Muhammad) to be written on the authority of the Prophet".
The hadith literature is based on spoken reports in circulation after the death of Muhammad. Unlike the Quran, hadiths were not promptly written down during Muhammad's life or immediately after his death. Hadith were evaluated and gathered into large collections during the 8th and 9th centuries, generations after the death of Muhammad, after the end of the era of the "rightful" Rashidun Caliphate, over 1,000 km (620 mi) from where Muhammad lived. "Many thousands of times" more numerous than Quranic verse, ahadith have been described as resembling layers surrounding the "core" of the Islamic belief (the Quran). Well-known, widely accepted Hadiths make up the narrow inner layer, with ahadith becoming less reliable and accepted with each layer stretching outward.
Unlike the Quran, hadiths are "grounded in the prosaic moments of everyday life". The reports of behavior to be emulated that were collected include details of ritual religious practice such as the five salat (obligatory Islamic prayers) that are not found in the Quran, but also everyday behavior such as table manners, dress, posture. Hadith are also regarded by Muslims as important tools for understanding things mentioned in the Quran but not explained, a source for tafsir (commentaries written on the Quran).
Some important elements, which are today taken to be a long-held part of Islamic practice and belief are not mentioned in the Quran at all, but are derived solely from the hadith. Almost all Muslims, therefore, can be called Hadithists (i.e. believers in hadith), and maintain that the hadith is a necessary requirement for the true and proper practice of Islam, as it gives Muslims the nuanced details of Islamic practice and belief in areas where the Quran is silent. Quranists, on the contrary, hold that if the Quran is silent on some matter, it is because Allah did not hold its detail to be of consequence; and that some hadiths contradict the Quran, evidence that some hadiths are a source of corruption and not a compliment to the Quran.
Among most hadithists, the importance of hadith is secondary to Quran given that, at least in theory, an Islamic conflict of laws doctrine holds Quranic supremacy above hadith in developing Islamic jurisprudence. However, a minority of hadithists have historically placed hadith on a par with the Quran. A smaller minority have upheld hadith in contradiction to the Quran, thereby placing hadith above Quran and claiming that contradictory hadiths abrogate the parts of the Quran where they conflict.
The hadith had a profound and controversial influence on tafsir (commentaries of the Quran). The earliest commentary of the Quran known as Tafsir Ibn Abbas is sometimes attributed to the companion Ibn Abbas.
The hadith were used in forming the basis of Sharia (the religious law system forming part of the Islamic tradition), and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The hadith are at the root of why there is no single fiqh system, but rather a collection of parallel systems within Islam.
Much of early Islamic history available today is also based on the hadith, although it has been challenged for its lack of basis in primary source material and the internal contradictions of the secondary material available.
Hadith may be hadith qudsi (sacred hadith) — which some Muslims regard as the words of God (Arabic: Allah) — or hadith sharif (noble hadith), which are Muhammad's own utterances.
According to as-Sayyid ash-Sharif al-Jurjani, the hadith qudsi differ from the Quran in that the former are "expressed in Muhammad's words", whereas the latter are the "direct words of God". A hadith qudsi need not be a sahih (sound hadith), but may be da'if or even mawdu'.
In the Shia school of thought, there are two fundamental viewpoints of hadith: The Akhbari view and the Usuli view. The Usuli scholars stress the importance of scientific examination of hadiths using ijtihad while the Akhbari scholars take all hadiths from the four Shia books as authentic .
The two major aspects of a hadith are the text of the report (the matn), which contains the actual narrative, and the chain of narrators (the isnad), which documents the route by which the report has been transmitted. The isnad was an effort to document that a hadith had actually come from Muhammad, and Muslim scholars from the eighth century until today have never ceased repeating the mantra "The isnad is part of the religion — if not for the isnad, whoever wanted could say whatever they wanted." The isnad means literally 'support', and it is so named due to the reliance of the hadith specialists upon it in determining the authenticity or weakness of a hadith. The isnad consists of a chronological list of the narrators, each mentioning the one from whom they heard the hadith, until mentioning the originator of the matn along with the matn itself.
The first people to hear hadith were the companions who preserved it and then conveyed it to those after them. Then the generation following them received it, thus conveying it to those after them and so on. So a companion would say, "I heard the Prophet say such and such." The Follower would then say, "I heard a companion say, 'I heard the Prophet.'" The one after him would then say, "I heard someone say, 'I heard a Companion say, 'I heard the Prophet..." and so on.
In the Sunni branch of Islam, the canonical hadith collections are the six books, of which Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim generally have the highest status. The other books of hadith are Sunan Abu Dawood, Jami` at-Tirmidhi, Al-Sunan al-Sughra and Sunan ibn Majah. However the Malikis, one of the four Sunni "schools of thought" (madhhabs), traditionally reject Sunan ibn Majah and assert the canonical status of Muwatta Imam Malik.
In the Twelver Shi'a branch of Islam, the canonical hadith collections are the Four Books: Kitab al-Kafi, Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, and Al-Istibsar.
In the Ibadi branch of Islam, the main canonical collection is the Tartib al-Musnad. This is an expansion of the earlier Jami Sahih collection, which retains canonical status in its own right.
The Ismaili shia sects use the Daim al-Islam as hadith collections.
The Ahmadiyya sect generally rely on the Sunni canons.
Some minor groups, collectively known as Quranists, reject the authority of the hadith collections altogether.
In general, the difference between Shi'a and Sunni collections is that Shia give preference to hadiths credited to the Prophet's family and close associates (Ahl al-Bayt), while Sunnis do not consider family lineage in evaluating hadith and sunnah narrated by any of twelve thousand companions of Muhammad.
This assertion re Muslim historians citing Uthman on hadith needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Traditions of the life of Muhammad and the early history of Islam were passed down mostly orally for more than a hundred years after Muhammad's death in AD 632. Muslim historians say that Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (the third khalifa (caliph) of the Rashidun Caliphate, or third successor of Muhammad, who had formerly been Muhammad's secretary), is generally believed to urge Muslims to record the hadith just as Muhammad suggested to some of his followers to write down his words and actions.
Uthman's labours were cut short by his assassination, at the hands of aggrieved soldiers, in 656. No sources survive directly from this period so we are dependent on what later writers tell us about this period.
According to British historian of Arab world Alfred Guillaume, it is "certain" that "several small collections" of hadith were "assembled in Umayyad times."
According to scholars Harald Motzki and Daniel W. Brown. The earliest Islamic legal reasonings that have come down to us were "virtually hadith-free", but gradually, over the course of second century A.H. "the infiltration and incorporation of Prophetic hadiths into Islamic jurisprudence" took place.
In 851 the rationalist Mu`tazila school of thought fell from favor in the Abbasid Caliphate. The Mu`tazila, for whom the "judge of truth ... was human reason," had clashed with traditionists who looked to the literal meaning of the Quran and hadith for truth. While the Quran had been officially compiled and approved, hadiths had not. One result was the number of hadiths began "multiplying in suspiciously direct correlation to their utility" to the quoter of the hadith (Traditionists quoted hadith warning against listening to human opinion instead of Sharia; Hanafites quoted a hadith stating that "In my community there will rise a man called Abu Hanifa [the Hanafite founder] who will be its guiding light". In fact one agreed upon hadith warned that, "There will be forgers, liars who will bring you hadiths which neither you nor your forefathers have heard, Beware of them." In addition the number of hadith grew enormously. While Malik ibn Anas had attributed just 1720 statements or deeds to the Muhammad, it was no longer unusual to find people who had collected a hundred times that number of hadith.
Faced with a huge corpus of miscellaneous traditions supported differing views on a variety of controversial matters—some of them flatly contradicting each other—Islamic scholars of the Abbasid sought to authenticate hadith. Scholars had to decide which hadith were to be trusted as authentic and which had been invented for political or theological purposes. To do this, they used a number of techniques which Muslims now call the science of hadith.
Sunni and Shia hadith collections differ because scholars from the two traditions differ as to the reliability of the narrators and transmitters. Narrators who took the side of Abu Bakr and Umar rather than Ali, in the disputes over leadership that followed the death of Muhammad, are seen as unreliable by the Shia; narrations sourced to Ali and the family of Muhammad, and to their supporters, are preferred. Sunni scholars put trust in narrators, such as Aisha, whom Shia reject. Differences in hadith collections have contributed to differences in worship practices and shari'a law and have hardened the dividing line between the two traditions.
In the Sunni tradition, the number of such texts is somewhere between seven and thirteen thousand, but the number of hadiths is far greater because several isnad sharing the same text are each counted as individual ahadith. If, say, ten companions record a text reporting a single incident in the life of Muhammad, hadith scholars can count this as ten hadiths. So Musnad Ahmad, for example, has over 30,000 hadiths—but this count includes texts that are repeated in order to record slight variations within the text or within the chains of narrations. Identifying the narrators of the various texts, comparing their narrations of the same texts to identify both the soundest reporting of a text and the reporters who are most sound in their reporting occupied experts of hadith throughout the 2nd century. In the 3rd century of Islam (from 225/840 to about 275/889), hadith experts composed brief works recording a selection of about two- to five-thousand such texts which they felt to have been most soundly documented or most widely referred to in the Muslim scholarly community. The 4th and 5th century saw these six works being commented on quite widely. This auxiliary literature has contributed to making their study the place of departure for any serious study of hadith. In addition, Bukhari and Muslim in particular, claimed that they were collecting only the soundest of sound hadiths. These later scholars tested their claims and agreed to them, so that today, they are considered the most reliable collections of hadith. Toward the end of the 5th century, Ibn al-Qaisarani formally standardized the Sunni canon into six pivotal works, a delineation which remains to this day.
Over the centuries, several different categories of collections came into existence. Some are more general, like the muṣannaf, the muʿjam, and the jāmiʿ, and some more specific, either characterized by the topics treated, like the sunan (restricted to legal-liturgical traditions), or by its composition, like the arbaʿīniyyāt (collections of forty hadiths).
Shi'a Muslims hardly ever use the six major hadith collections followed by the Sunni, as they never usually trust many of the Sunni narrators and transmitters. They have their own extensive hadith literature. The best-known hadith collections are The Four Books, which were compiled by three authors who are known as the 'Three Muhammads'. The Four Books are: Kitab al-Kafi by Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni al-Razi (329 AH), Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih by Muhammad ibn Babuya and Al-Tahdhib and Al-Istibsar both by Shaykh Muhammad Tusi. Shi'a clerics also make use of extensive collections and commentaries by later authors.
Unlike Sunnis, the majority of Shia do not consider any of their hadith collections to be sahih (authentic) in their entirety. Therefore, every individual hadith in a specific collection must be investigated separately to determine its authenticity. However, the Akhbari school does take all hadith from the four books as authentic.
The importance of hadith in the Shia school of thought is well documented. This can be captured by Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin of Muhammad, when he narrated that "Whoever of our Shia (followers) knows our Shariah and takes out the weak of our followers from the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge (Hadith) which we (Ahl al-Bayt) have gifted to them, he on the day of judgement will come with a crown on his head. It will shine among the people gathered on the plain of resurrection." Hassan al-Askari, a descendent of Muhammad, gave support to this narration, stating "Whoever he had taken out in the worldly life from the darkness of ignorance can hold to his light to be taken out of the darkness of the plain of resurrection to the garden (paradise). Then all those whomever he had taught in the worldly life anything of goodness, or had opened from his heart a lock of ignorance or had removed his doubts will come out."
The mainstream sects consider hadith to be essential supplements to, and clarifications of, the Quran, Islam's holy book, as well as for clarifying issues pertaining to Islamic jurisprudence. Ibn al-Salah, a hadith specialist, described the relationship between hadith and other aspect of the religion by saying: "It is the science most pervasive in respect to the other sciences in their various branches, in particular to jurisprudence being the most important of them." "The intended meaning of 'other sciences' here are those pertaining to religion," explains Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, "Quranic exegesis, hadith, and jurisprudence. The science of hadith became the most pervasive due to the need displayed by each of these three sciences. The need hadith has of its science is apparent. As for Quranic exegesis, then the preferred manner of explaining the speech of God is by means of what has been accepted as a statement of Muhammad. The one looking to this is in need of distinguishing the acceptable from the unacceptable. Regarding jurisprudence, then the jurist is in need of citing as an evidence the acceptable to the exception of the later, something only possible utilizing the science of hadith."
According to Bernard Lewis, "in the early Islamic centuries there could be no better way of promoting a cause, an opinion, or a faction than to cite an appropriate action or utterance of the Prophet." To fight these forgeries, the elaborate science of hadith studies was devised. Hadith studies use a number of methods of evaluation developed by early Muslim scholars in determining the veracity of reports attributed to Muhammad. This is achieved by analyzing the text of the report, the scale of the report's transmission, the routes through which the report was transmitted, and the individual narrators involved in its transmission. On the basis of these criteria, various classifications were devised for hadith. The earliest comprehensive work in hadith studies was Abu Muhammad al-Ramahurmuzi's al-Muhaddith al-Fasil, while another significant work was al-Hakim al-Naysaburi's Ma'rifat 'ulum al-hadith. Ibn al-Salah's ʻUlum al-hadith is considered the standard classical reference on hadith studies.
By means of hadith terminology, hadith are categorized as ṣaḥīḥ (sound, authentic), ḍaʿīf (weak), or mawḍūʿ (fabricated). Other classifications used also include: ḥasan (good), which refers to an otherwise ṣaḥīḥ report suffering from minor deficiency, or a weak report strengthened due to numerous other corroborating reports; and munkar (denounced) which is a report that is rejected due to the presence of an unreliable transmitter contradicting another more reliable narrator. Both sahīh and hasan reports are considered acceptable for usage in Islamic legal discourse. Classifications of hadith may also be based upon the scale of transmission. Reports that pass through many reliable transmitters at each point in the isnad up until their collection and transcription are known as mutawātir. These reports are considered the most authoritative as they pass through so many different routes that collusion between all of the transmitters becomes an impossibility. Reports not meeting this standard are known as aahad, and are of several different types.
Another area of focus in the study of hadith is biographical analysis ('ilm al-rijāl, lit. "science of people"), in which details about the transmitter are scrutinized. This includes analyzing their date and place of birth; familial connections; teachers and students; religiosity; moral behaviour; literary output; their travels; as well as their date of death. Based upon these criteria, the reliability (thiqāt) of the transmitter is assessed. Also determined is whether the individual was actually able to transmit the report, which is deduced from their contemporaneity and geographical proximity with the other transmitters in the chain. Examples of biographical dictionaries include: Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi's Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani's Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb and al-Dhahabi's Tadhkirat al-huffaz.
The major points of intra-Muslim criticism of the hadith literature is based in questions regarding its authenticity. However, Muslim criticism of hadith is also based on theological and philosophical Islamic grounds of argument and critique.
Muslim scholars have a long history of questioning the hadith literature throughout Islamic history. Western academics also became active in the field later on.
^ "Hadith". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
^ a b c d Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2009), p. 3.
^ Forte, David F. (1978). "Islamic Law; the impact of Joseph Schacht" (PDF). Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review. 1: 2. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
^ Hans Wehr English&Arabic Dictionary.
^ Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (26 March 2016). The Laws of Islam (PDF). Enlight Press. ISBN 978-0994240989. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^ a b Aisha Y. Musa, The Qur'anists, Florida International University, accessed May 22, 2013.
^ Lewis, Bernard (1993). Islam and the West. Oxford University Press. p. 44. ISBN 9780198023937. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^ a b c Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2009), p. 4.
^ Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2009), p. 6-7.
^ Islahi, Amin Ahsan (1989) [transl. 2009]. Mabadi Tadabbur-i-Hadith (translated as: "Fundamentals of Hadith Interpretation") (in Urdu). Lahore: Al-Mawrid. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
^ a b c d e f Campo, Juan Eduardo. "Hadith". Encyclopedia of Islam.
^ The Future of Muslim Civilisation by Ziauddin Sardar, 1979, page 26.
^ Motzki, Harald (2004). Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World.1. Thmpson Gale. p. 285.
^ Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl (2003). Moral Teachings of Islam: Prophetic Traditions from Al-Adab Al-mufrad By Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl Bukhārī. ISBN 9780759104174.
^ al-Fadli, Abd al-Hadi (2011). Introduction to Hadith (2nd ed.). London: ICAS Press. p. vii. ISBN 9781904063476.
^ al-Kuliyat by Abu al-Baqa' al-Kafawi, p. 370; Mu'assasah l-Risalah. This last phrase is quoted by al-Qasimi in Qawaid al-Tahdith, p. 61; Dar al-Nafais.
^ Lisan al-Arab, by Ibn Manthour, vol. 2, p. 350; Dar al-Hadith edition.
^ al-Asqalani, Ahmad ibn 'Ali (2000). Fath al-Bari (in Arabic). 1. Egypt: al-Matba'ah al-Salafiyyah. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-902350-04-2.
^ Crone, Patricia (10 June 2008). "What do we actually know about Mohammed?". Open Democracy. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "The Major Difference Between the Shi'a and the Sunni". Ahlul Bayt Digital Library Project. 2013-11-12. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^ a b Schacht, Joseph (1959) . The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. p. 3.
^ Islam, Joseph A. "THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HADITH AND SUNNA". The Quran and Its Message. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
^ Abou El Fadl, Khaled (22 March 2011). "What is Shari'a?". ABC Religion and Ethics. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Schacht, Joseph (1959) . The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. p. 19.
^ Shafi'i. "Kitab Ikhtilaf Malid wal-Shafi'i, 57, 148". Kitab al-Umm vol. vii. p. 248.
^ see also Haddad, GF; Hajj Gibril. "The Hadith: "My Companions Are Like The Stars"". living islam.
^ Schacht, Joseph (1959) . The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. p. 12.
^ Shafi'i. "Introduction. Kitab Ikhtilaf Malid wal-Shafi'i". Kitab al-Umm vol. vii.
^ Schacht, Joseph (1959) . The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. p. 4.
^ al-Fadli, Abd al-Hadi (2011). Introduction to Hadith (2nd ed.). London: ICAS Press. p. 59. ISBN 9781904063476.
^ Schacht, Joseph (1959) . The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. p. 22.
^ Zurqani (d.1122 (1310). Commentary on Malik's Muwatta', 4 vols. i. Cairo. p. 8.
^ al-Fadli, Abd al-Hadi (2011). Introduction to Hadith (2nd ed.). London: ICAS Press. p. 62. ISBN 9781904063476.
^ Hameed, Shahul. "Store of Prophet's Legacy: Why Hadith is Important". About Islam. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^ Hashmi, Tariq Mahmood (2 April 2015). "Role, Importance And Authenticity Of The Hadith". Mawrid.org. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^ Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2014). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. p. 18. ISBN 978-1780744209.
^ a b Ibn Hajar, Ahmad. al-Nukat ala Kitab ibn al-Salah, vol. 1, p. 90. Maktabah al-Furqan.
^ a b c d e f g ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Abu Ja'far Muhammad (February 2013). Kitab al-Kafi (eBook ed.). New York: The Islamic Seminary Inc. ISBN 978-0-9890016-2-5.
^ Graham, William A. (1977). Divine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam: A Reconsideration of the Sources, with Special Reference to the Divine Saying or Hadith Qudsi. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3110803593.
^ Glasse, Cyril (2001) . The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Altamira. p. 159.
^ "Qu'est-ce que le hadith Qudsi ?". aslamna.info.
^ Related by al-Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.
^ al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub (2015). Al-Kafi (Volume 6 ed.). New York: Islamic Seminary Incorporated. ISBN 9780991430864.
^ Tadrib al-Rawi, vol. 1, pp. 39–41 with abridgement.
^ Ilm al-Rijal wa Ahimiyatih, by Mualami, p. 16, Dar al-Rayah.
^ "Religions. Sunni and Shi'a". BBC. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
^ ^ Tirmidhi, "'Ilm," 12.
^ ^ Collected in the Musnad of Ahmad (10\15-6\ 6510 and also nos. 6930, 7017 and 1720), Sunan Abu Dawud (Mukhtasar Sunan Abi Dawud (5\246\3499) and elsewhere.
^ Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0521570770. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
^ Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqat, III/1, 243. Cf G.H.A. Juynboll, Muslim Traditions: Studies in Chronology, Provenance and Authorship of Early Hadith (Cambridge, 1983; Juynboll, G.H.A., "Some New Ideas on the Development of Sunna as a Technical Term in Early Islam", ''Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam'' 10 (1987): p.108, cited in Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0521570770. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
^ Forte, David F. (1978). "Islamic Law; the impact of Joseph Schacht" (PDF). Loyola Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review. 1: 13. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
^ Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0521570770. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
^ Martin, Matthew (2013). Mu'tazila - use of reason in Islamic theology. Amazon. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
^ See the references and discussion by Abdul Fattah Abu Ghuddah Thalathatu rasa'il fi ulum al-hadith; risalat abi dawud ila ahl makkata fi wasf sunanihi, pg 36, footnote. Beirut: Maktaba al-Matbu'at al-Islamiyah: 2nd ed 1426/2005.
^ The earliest book, Bukhari's Sahih was composed by 225/840 since he states that he spent sixteen years composing it (Hady al-Sari, introduction to Fath al-Bari, p. 489, Lahore: Dar Nashr al-Kutub al-Islamiya, 1981/1401) and also that he showed it to Yahya ibn Ma'in (p. 8, ibid.) who died in 233. Nasa'i, the last to die of the authors of the six books, died in 303/915. He probably completed this work a few decades before his death: by 275 or so.
^ Counting multiple narrations of the same texts as a single text, the number of hadiths each author has recorded roughly as follows: Bukhari (as in Zabidi's Mukhtasar of Bukhari's book) 2134, Muslim (as in Mundhiri's Mukhtasar of Muslim's book) 2200, Tirmidhi 4000, Abu Dawud 4000, Nasa'i 4800, Ibn Majah 4300. There is considerable overlap amongst the six books so that Ibn al-Athir's Jami' al-Usul, which gathers together the hadiths texts of all six books deleting repeated texts, has about 9500 hadiths.
^ Scott C. Lucas, Constructive Critics, Ḥadīth Literature, and the Articulation of Sunnī Islam, p. 106. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2004.
^ Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by William McGuckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by Institut de France and Royal Library of Belgium. Vol. 3, p. 5.
^ Muhammad Zubayr Siddiqi, Hadith Literature, Cambridge, Islamic Texts Society, 1993, edited and revised by Abdal Hakim Murad.
^ Mohammad A. Shomali (2003). Shi'i Islam: Origins, Faith and Practices (reprint ed.). ICAS Press. p. 35. ISBN 9781904063117.
^ Ulum al-Hadith by Ibn al-Salah, p. 5, Dar al-Fikr, with the verification of Nur al-Din al-'Itr.
^ Lewis, Bernard (2011). The End of Modern History in the Middle East. Hoover Institution Press. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9780817912963. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
"Hadith," Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world.
^ B. Hallaq, Wael (1999). "The Authenticity of Prophetic Ḥadîth: A Pseudo-Problem". Studia Islamica. No. 89 (1999) (89): 75–90. JSTOR 1596086. (Registration required (help)).
Berg, H. (2000). The development of exegesis in early Islam: the authenticity of Muslim literature from the formative period. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1224-3.
Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2004). "Criticism of the Proto-Hadith Canon: Al-daraqutni's Adjustment of the Sahihayn". Journal of Islamic Studies. 15 (1): 1–37. doi:10.1093/jis/15.1.1.
Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2007). The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim (PDF). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. ISBN 9789004158399. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2009). Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World (Foundations of Islam). Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1851686636.
Lucas, S. (2004). Constructive Critics, Hadith Literature, and the Articulation of Sunni Islam. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-13319-8.
Robinson, C. F. (2003). Islamic Historiography. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62936-2.
Robson, J. "Hadith". In P.J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs. Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.
Senturk, Recep (2005). Narrative Social Structure: Anatomy of the Hadith Transmission Network, 610-1505. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804752077.
Swarup, Ram (1983). Understanding Islam through Hadis. New Delhi: Voice of India. ISBN 9788185990736. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521570770. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
Brown, Jonathan (2007). The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
Brown, Jonathan (2009). Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1851686636.
Brown, Jonathan (2010). Hadith: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press.
Gauthier H.A. Joynboll (PhD) (2013). Encyclopedia of Canonical Hadith. archive.org. London and Boston: Brill. p. 839. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004156746.i-804. ISBN 978-9004156746. OCLC 315870438. Archived from the original on Oct 16, 2018.
Muhyi ad-Din Abu Zakariyya Yahya bin Sharaf an-Nawawi (1975). Riyadh as-Salihin [Gardens of the Righteous]. Mauhammad Zafulla Khan, translator. New York: Olive Branch Press. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
Tottoli, Roberto, "Hadith", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I, pp. 231–236.
Look up hadith in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hadith.
"Hadith" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
"Hadis" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
This page was last edited on 10 April 2019, at 01:12 (UTC).


As it's January and it is always in our minds to start doing something that will improve work & life (for the NEW YEAR) we decided our first article should be to offer our expertise to help you get through your travel to do list – whatever that is to you!
It's an old cliché that every customer is different, I have been around the travel industry for very nearly 30 years now so I have a vast experience of all travel needs, wants & solutions. So if you want to give me your top travel to do's I would love to offer my take on how to get those "to dos" ticked off.


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Q: How to alternate 2 LED strings using 555 IC? I have one sensor that goes on/off at times, I want to flash 2 LED strings (RED, GREEN) every 1 second using a 555 IC.
So when sensor ON
1st second GREEN-ON,RED-OFF
2nd second GREEN-OFF, RED-ON
the 555 IC can sink and source, do I use a P and N channel MOSFETs to drive the LEDS?
Is this schematic correct? have I connected the MOSFETS correctly and also I'm not sure about the 555 timing if it is 1 second ON 1 second OFF

Can anyone suggest different approach
Please help

A: You can drive the strings like this (555 circuit shown for 50% duty cycle when used with CMOS 555) M1 needs to be a logic-level MOSFET. For 1Hz (0.5s on 0.5s off, R6*C1 needs to be about 0.71, so you could use 1uF and 710K with a CMOS 555.

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Brett Eldredge	Buy This Song
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Brett Ryan Eldredge (born March 23, 1986) is an American country music singer, songwriter and record producer, signed to Warner Music Group Nashville. The cousin of Terry Eldredge of The Grascals, Eldredge has had three No. 1 singles on the Billboard Country Airplay chart from his debut studio album, Bring You Back: "Don't Ya", "Beat of the Music", and "Mean to Me". more »
Watch: New Singing Lesson Videos Can Make Anyone A Great Singer
Take a look in the five-and-ten, it's glistening once again
With candy canes and silver lanes that glow
Toys in every store
But the prettiest sight to see is the holly that will be
On your own front door
A pair of hop-along boots and a pistol that shoots
Is the wish of Barney and Ben
Dolls that will talk and will go for a walk
Is the hope of Janice and Jen
And mom and dad can hardly wait for school to start again
There's a tree in the Grand Hotel, one in the park as well
The sturdy kind that doesn't mind the snow
Soon the bells will start
And the thing that will make them ring is the carol that you sing
Right within your heart
I can feel it in the air
And the thing that will make them ring
Is the carol that you sing
It's right within your heart, mmm, mmm, mmm, yeah
Written by: Meredith Willson
Lyrics © Kobalt Music Publishing Ltd.
Discuss the It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas Lyrics with the community:
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Jersey Giant Asparagus is an all male hybrid that is highly productive and very vigorous. It produces medium to large (7-9 inch), green spears with purple bracts. This is one of the most popular asparagus varieties grown by home gardeners and for commercial planting. Jersey Giant asparagus is the most winter hardy of all the Jersey Hybrids and it is widely adapted to temperate and cool climates. Hardiness zones 2-9.


On 3rd November 2010 a large group of Cancer Research UK ambassadors and supporters descended on Westminster to discuss the Commit to Beat Cancer campaign with their MPs. Amongst Cancer Research UK's ambassadors was AMMF supporter, Julia Wise.
To download a pdf of Julia's full report of her day at Westminster, please click here.


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Tuesday 17-09-2019 15:00
Why mobile gaming is great for brands
Mobile Marketing - Member Content
Mobile Gaming Adcolony Member Content
Will Dorling, UK director of brand sales at AdColony, discusses why it's time for advertisers to capitalise on the success of mobile gaming
What a difference a year makes: One year ago, Netflix was worried about WarnerMedia, Disney/Fox and Amazon taking away market share with their video streaming services. Now, in 2019, who is Netflix most worried about? None of these. No, Netflix claimed: "We compete with (and lose to) Fortnite, more than HBO."
If that isn't a sign of the times, I don't know what is. A massive media company like Netflix – which, may I remind you, was the original disruptor of television – now worried not about others in its space (e.g., video streaming) but looking at the larger market to see who is competing for user attention. Because that's really what this is about, isn't it? Attention?
Netflix is a multi-billion-dollar company with 150m paid subscribers; it's safe to say that they already have plenty of 'attention'. However, when they observe that a company just two years old now has 250m players, it's no wonder they see that as a threat.
But it's not just about the numbers. Here's why Netflix, and every other media company for that matter, is sitting up and taking notice of the mobile gaming space.
Mobile games fit our modern, fragmented lifestyle
As we culturally become more of a grab-and-go society, where information and experiences are sectioned out into smaller and smaller chunks, mobile games fit in perfectly into those gaps. Waiting in a queue for your coffee? Get in a round of Angry Birds 2 or complete a digital sudoku, word search or other puzzle game.
It's easy to think that every time someone has a free moment they open up Instagram and start scrolling, but the fact is, for every one minute spent with social platforms, consumers spent two minutes across other apps. And those 'other apps' are predominantly games. According to On Device Mobile Gaming Research, nine out of 10 UK adults are playing mobile games, with an average session time of 5.3 minutes – the longest of any category. Some 66 per cent of gamers in the UK play every day, and those who play every day, typically play games 5 times or more per day. So, whether it's a long session in a battle royale game or a short session with a hyper-casual game, there is something for everyone to explore in their 'off' minutes.
You can reach all demographics, from Gen Z → Boomers
Everyone plays mobile games. Unlike PC and console games, the male/female ratio is even with a near 50/50 split for mobile. And while many advertisers have a belief that mobile games are for younger age groups, that can easily be proven wrong if you take a closer look at the audience of each type of mobile game. You can expect the action-heavy Clash of Clans type of game to skew younger, with the majority of players being under 34, or even under 24 years old. However, for word search or puzzle games, such as Word Connect, the average age will be higher, in the 30s and 40s. Think of mobile games like TV channels. You wouldn't advertise on Strictly Come Dancing to reach a Millennial, but you might to reach a Baby Boomer.
Interactivity & multitasking is now the norm
'Screen time' is no longer passive watching. The old days of a TV viewer, for instance, just sitting back on the couch and watching the screen across the room are long over. We have come to expect more; we want to be able to engage with content in real-time. Netflix tried this out recently with choose-your-own-adventure concepts like Black Mirror: Bandersnatch and You vs. Wild, and they were so successful that they are now 'doubling down' on interactive storytelling. Mobile games are by their very nature interactive, as users participate in the experience, having a direct impact on the way the story turns out, the results.
It's also rare to find a TV or PC users who is 100 per cent focused on what is in front of them. Three-quarters of the UK population is using a smartphone while watching TV (93 per cent of under-25s) and 'double screening' is now the norm. When mobile users are playing games, however, their time is more focused than when they are in other channels – because if they don't pay attention, they don't win!
Mobile games are making money, lots of it – and for good reason
Media companies are faced with multiple options for monetisation, yet many of them are struggling to make the numbers add up. Creating content is not cheap, and if your revenue model isn't tight, your future is uncertain. If you look at mobile gaming companies, it's an entirely different story. These companies are experiencing hockey-stick growth, and for a good reason: Production, development and distribution costs are far less, and revenue models are strong. Free-to-play games often combine in-app purchases (IAP) and advertising revenue from high-impact units like full-screen interstitials or rewarded video to get top dollar.
The mobile gaming market is at $70.3bn, growing more than 25 per cent year-over-year. Compare that to the global box office, which topped out at $41.7bn, growing just 2.6 per cent. Mobile games cannot be pigeonholed any longer, it is a true entertainment channel of scale, a competitor to the major broadcast & cable networks. Mobile gaming is where people are spending time, enjoying premium content – and advertisers should sit up and take notice of that, too.
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Chartered in 1936, LAFCU is a not-for-profit financial cooperative open for membership to anyone who lives, works, worships or attends school in Michigan and to businesses and other entities located in Michigan. The credit union serves nearly 63,000 members and holds approximately $670 million in assets. LAFCU offers a comprehensive range of financial products and services as well as an expanding complement of financial technology solutions. Members enjoy benefits such as low fees, low interest rates on loans, high yields on savings, discounts, knowledgeable employees and nationwide access to fee-free ATMs and ITMs. A recipient of the national Dora Maxwell Social Responsibility Community Service Award for credit unions, LAFCU enriches the communities it serves by supporting many organizations and causes.
LAFCU is proud to not only serve the community in which they have offices, but to also play an active role in making our community a better place to live. LAFCU encourages community involvement and its employees serve many organizations and committees on a volunteer leadership basis by sitting on their boards of directors.


Generational silence triggers complex PTSD symptoms for Traci Powell of Trauma! A PTSD Blog, but here is how she has learned to cope with it.
One Billion Rising VDAY Tarrytown/Sleepy Hollow 2019 at Patriots Park.