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fellowships SOLAR-TRAIN invites applications for 14 fellowships funded as part of the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Innovative Training Networks (ITN) under the European Commission's H2020 Framework Programme. The successful candidates will be hosted at leading international research centres and companies starting in March 2017. They will contribute to the project "Photovoltaic module life time forecast and evaluation" as early stage researchers (ESRs) with the possibility to write a PhD thesis. Positions are open to candidates holding a higher degree in natural and technical sciences, meeting the general requirements of the programme and the specific requirements stated in the individual openings listed below. https://solar-train.eu/fellowships/fellowships-site https://solar-train.eu/@@site-logo/label_klein.jpg
SOLAR-TRAIN invites applications for 14 fellowships funded as part of the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Innovative Training Networks (ITN) under the European Commission's H2020 Framework Programme. The successful candidates will be hosted at leading international research centres and companies starting in March 2017. They will contribute to the project "Photovoltaic module life time forecast and evaluation" as early stage researchers (ESRs) with the possibility to write a PhD thesis. Positions are open to candidates holding a higher degree in natural and technical sciences, meeting the general requirements of the programme and the specific requirements stated in the individual openings listed below.
Academic background / field(s) of research
Host Institution, Country
POS 1 Investigation of the correlation of different climatic degradation factors as a basis for typical load definition (pdf) Physics, chemistry, related engineering science, meteorology or similar
Fraunhofer ISE Germany
POS 2 Analysis of material and module parameters and correlation to degradation modes (pdf) Physics, chemistry, related engineering or material science, polymer chemistry Fraunhofer ISE Germany
POS 3 Development of service life model for PV modules (pdf) Physics, chemistry, engineering, modelling, simulation Fraunhofer ISE Germany
POS 4 Simulating realistic ageing conditions (pdf) Physics, related engineering science, mathematics Loughborough University UK
POS 5 Influence of manufacturing processes on durability (pdf) Physics, related engineering science Loughborough University UK
POS 6 Statistical analysis of reliability and durability of fielded systems (pdf) Physics, related engineering science, mathematics
Loughborough University UK
POS 7 Potential, temperature and humidity induced degradation of PV module energy yield (pdf) Physics, electrical engineering, mathematics University of Ljubljana Slovenia
POS 8 Outdoor performance monitoring, technology related energy yield / uncertainty analysis and statistical techniques for the evaluation degradation (pdf) Physics, electrical engineering, mathematics
University of Ljubljana Slovenia
Investigation of PV module degradation mode indicators (pdf)
Physics, chemistry, related engineering science
CENER Spain
POS 10 Influence of encapsulant - backsheet combinations on PV module degradation modes (pdf) Material science, polymer engineering PCCL Austria
POS 11 Characterization of degradation behaviour and material interactions in PV modules (pdf) Polymer chemistry, materials science PCCL Austria
POS 12 Uncertainty framework for the energy yield to link failures, outdoor effects and degradation with financial indicators (pdf) Statistics, economics, mathematics
EURAC Italy
POS 13 Hybrid Model for Photovoltaic Power Plant Service Life (pdf) Mathematics, statistics, data science
EDF France
POS 14 Causes of degradation and performance improvement in a complete PV system for O&M activities (pdf) Engineering (preferably electric), renewable energy systems (PV) Kenergia Sviluppo Italy
Eligible candidates should send their applications in English to the project coordinator's office annika.keiner@ise.fraunhofer.de via e-mail with the acronym SOLAR-TRAIN and the reference number of the required position(s) in the subject line. You may apply for up to three fellowships. As the project aims at a balanced representation of gender, we explicitly encourage female scientists to apply. In each case, please make sure you meet the special requirements for MSCA ITN listed below. The deadline for applications is 11th December 2016. The following information has to be attached, preferably as one PDF file:
Compliance check with the MSCA ITN mobility rules (questionnaire available for download here)
Letter of motivation for the position(s) of interest (application for up to 3 positions possible)
CV (up to 2 pages), if possible with a list of publications and/or projects
Scan of the diploma or degree that qualifies the applicant for PhD enrolment
Scan of further certificates or work experience
Applicants passing the first selection process will be invited to a recruiting event on 17thJanuary 2017.
MSCA ITN Guidelines
According to the special regulations laid out in the MSCA ITN guidelines, applicants must meet the following requirements:
The ESRs must be in the first 4 years (full-time equivalent) of their research career and have not been awarded a doctoral degree.
At the time of recruitment, candidates must not have legally resided or have had their main activity in the country of their host organisation for more than 12 months in the last 3 years.


Collision repairs on both sides of vessel's side Shell.
Side shell, frames, stiffeners and bulkheads of WBTk No5 STBD and WBTk No6 STBD.
Side shell, frames, stiffeners and bulkheads of WBTk No6 PORT.
Cutting and cropping of affected area by the use of mixed gases.
Assembling of prefabricated plates and profiles in situ, by the help of Mobile crane (shore side) and workboat (sea side).
Welding of assembled parts by certified WPS.
Works were supervised and accepted by vessels Class and Owners representative.
Works were finished inside time margins agreed, avoiding further off hire.
Welders and procedures certified by ABS.


Drilling through metal is not so easy. You have to choose the perfect drill bit and follow some step perfectly. For you, we have explained in this article sequentially how to drill through metal.
1 What materials do you need?
1.10 What are the safety issues?
Let's make it sure what items you will need to drill through metal. There are many items you should have but there is one thing. The item's size and characteristic may vary considering the types of the metal or the hole size. Like that you may need to use bench drill machine or power drill or titanium nitride drill bit or cobalt steel drill bit.
Now let's see the process to drill through metal in step by step.
You can choose the drill machine according to the metal type. It depends actually. If you want to drill a larger piece of the metal sheet, then it will be easy for you to drill with a bench drill machine. But if the piece of metal is not so large then use the power drill. But for that case, you may need to use the clamp to avoid slipping off the metal.
Actually, the types of metal define what type of drill bit you should use. But the most interesting fact is that you don't need any fancy o high price drill bit. Most common and normal drill bit is enough to drill through metal. But yes I am not saying that you don't need to spend money. Because in most of the cases, it happens to break or dull quickly for cheaper ones.
You can use high speed still drill bit. It works perfectly on the metal. Or titanium nitride bit can also be the option in lieu of high speed still. This stays longer maximum six times than high-speed steel. But if you use a very hard metal, you can use cobalt steel bit. Stainless still or cast iron can be the example of hard metal. There is another drill bit named cone or step drill bit. With this, you can enlarge the drilled area without changing the drill bit. The size of the drill bit increase to the upper side maintains a cone size. That's why it is named by cone drill bit.
Now, clamp the workpiece to a vice. It is so necessary because the high speed of the drill can vibrant the metal and also can displace. And you can't hold the metal as you have to use your two hands to drill. And it is not also wise to hold the metal during drilling.
You can also use two pieces of the clamp to attach the metal with the bench. The bench should be made of wood. Drilling a sheet metal always requires the wooden bench.
There is another option that you can use a pillar drill machine. There is an attached vice to hold the sheet metal. You can drill thereby holding with the vice.
Decide where to drill into the metal. Then mark on that place carefully. You can mark with a simple marker. It is for like taking preparation before drilling.
Then on the marked spot, you have to punch to make a simple dimple. You can do that with a center punch and a wooden hammer. Just punch to the center of that mark with the wooden hammer. It is better to use the wooden hammer. If you can't manage, then go with the normal hammer.
Now with the exact drill bit, you can start drilling. You have to now set your drill machine exact on that pitot hole. Drill through the metal until you get your desired one. Try to drill at one step. Don't stop during drilling. And hold the drill perpendicular to the workpiece.
If you are using bench drill, it will be easier for you to control the system. Just down the handle and minimize or maximize the pressure and drill quickly. It is easier to fix the height according to your need as well.
It is dangerous to drill continuously. Because during drilling, so much heat arise. And if you use lubricant, then it will be easier for you to control the excess heat and friction. For thin metals like aluminum or brass, this is not necessary but for steel, you must use lubricant.
Speed and pressure are the most important facts to drill the metal perfectly. You have to remember that drilling with high speed and pressure won't give you a good result. You have to step with tactics.
Like for stainless steel you have to go with low speed but with high pressure. But for metal like aluminum you have to apply low pressure with low speed. Same goes for copper too. Low speed with low pressure. Always maintain low speed for drilling metal.
Now if the drilling into the metal comes to finish, remove the drill bit cautiously. Clean the lubricant and chips. Don't use your hand. Use a simple brush to clean.
Never touch the metal after drilling. Metal becomes so hot after drilling.
So, here was our best effort to explain you in a brief about how to drill through metal. Follow our instructions step by step. And don't do hurry. Practice for many times. Drilling metal will be easier for you. Stay safe during drilling.


text:
<?php

require_once 'propel/engine/builder/om/php5/PHP5MultiExtendObjectBuilder.php';

/**
 * @package    symfony
 * @subpackage propel
 * @author     Fabien Potencier <fabien.potencier@symfony-project.com>
 * @version    SVN: $Id$
 */
class SfMultiExtendObjectBuilder extends PHP5MultiExtendObjectBuilder
{
  public function build()
  {
    $code = parent::build();
    if (!DataModelBuilder::getBuildProperty('builderAddComments'))
    {
      $code = sfToolkit::stripComments($code);
    }

    return $code;
  }

  protected function addIncludes(&$script)
  {
    if (!DataModelBuilder::getBuildProperty('builderAddIncludes'))
    {
      return;
    }

    parent::addIncludes($script);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Теплосприйняття — перенесення теплоти з поверхні конструкції в довкілля за рахунок конвективного і променистого теплообміну. Теплосприйняття поверхні вимірюється в кДж/кг або кДж/м3.

Відповідно розрізняють конвективне і радіаційне теплосприйняття. Наприклад, при розрахунках котлів що працюють на газоподібному паливі і мазуті (котли типу ГМ-35М, ГМ-50-1, БКЗ-75-39 ГМА), конвективне теплосприйняття залежить від швидкості димових газів (W) або їх об'єму (V), кДж/м3. Радіаційне теплосприйняття залежить від температури димових газів в топці котла, від теоретичної (адіабатичної) температури.

Див. також
 Тепловіддача
 Теплопередача

Примітки

Джерела

 Энциклопедия терминов. Тепловосприятие.
 Тепловосприятие поверхностей нагрева

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Weekly Film Music Roundup (November 25, 2022)
Posted: November 25, 2022 by filmmusicreporter in Film Music News
Tags: All the Beauty and the Bloodshed, Bartek Gliniak, Chanda Dancy, Danny Elfman, Devotion, Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery, Henry Jackman, Isabella Summers, Lady Chatterley's Lover, Nanny, Nathan Johnson, Soundwalk Collective, Strange World, Tanerélle, White Noise
Opening in theaters nationwide this week is the animated feature Strange World directed by Don Hall, co-directed by Qui Nguyen and starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Dennis Quaid, Jaboukie Young-White and Gabrielle Union. The film's original music composed by Henry Jackman (Wreck-It-Ralph, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Big Hero 6, X-Men: First Class, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle). Walt Disney Records has released a soundtrack album featuring the composer's score, as well as an original song written by Jackman & Kevin Del Aguila earlier this week. Check out our previous article for the full album details and to learn more about the Walt Disney Animation Studios production.
Also opening nationwide this week is the war drama Devotion directed by J.D. Dillard and starring Jonathan Majors, Glen Powell, Christina Jackson, Thomas Sadoski and Joe Jonas. Chanda Dancy (The Defeated, I Wanna Dance with Somebody, Aftershock) has composed the film's original score. Lakeshore Records has released a soundtrack album featuring the composer's music last Friday (click here for the full album details). Available separately from Republic Records is Joe Jonas' & Khalid's original song Not Alone from the movie (click here to listen to the track).
Opening in around 700 theaters for a limited one week run is the Netflix original film Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery written and directed by Rian Johnson and starring Daniel Craig, Edward Norton, Janelle Monáe, Leslie Odom Jr., Dave Bautista, Kathryn Hahn and Kate Hudson. The movie's original music is composed by Nathan Johnson (Looper, Brick, Nightmare Alley, Don Jon). Netflix Music has released a soundtrack album featuring the composer's score today. Check out our soundtrack announcement for the full album details, to listen to the composer's theme and to learn more about the sequel, which will premiere on December 23 on Netflix.
Opening in select theaters today before premiering on Netflix on December 30 is the comedy White Noise written and directed by Noah Baumbach and starring Adam Driver, Greta Gerwig, Don Cheadle, André Benjamin and Alessandro Nivola. Danny Elfman (Spider-Man, Batman, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Alice in Wonderland) has composed the film's original music. Netflix Music has released a soundtrack album featuring the composer's score last week (click here for the full album details). Available separately from Columbia Records is the original song new body rhumba by LCD Soundsystem (click here to listen to the track).
Opening in select theaters today before premiering on Prime Video on December 16 is the horror drama Nanny written and directed by Nikyatu Jusu and starring Anna Diop, Michelle Monaghan, Morgan Spector, Sinqua Walls and Rose Decker. The film's original music is composed by Tanerélle & Bartek Gliniak. No word on a soundtrack release. The movie, which revolves around an undocumented nanny working for a privileged couple in New York City, premiered at this year's Sundance Film Festival and is being distributed by Amazon Studios.
Opening in select theaters this week before premiering on Netflix next Friday, December 2 is the romantic drama Lady Chatterley's Lover directed by Laure de Clermont-Tonnerre and starring Emma Corrin, Jack O'Connell, Ella Hunt, Joely Richardson, Faye Marsay and Matthew Duckett. Isabella Summers (Little Fires Everywhere, The Offer, Call Jane, Physical, Sex/Life) has composed the film's original music. Netflix Music has released a soundtrack album featuring the composer's score today. Check out our previous news article for the full album details and for more information about the movie.
Opening in New York today before expanding to more markets over the next couple of weeks the documentary All the Beauty and the Bloodshed directed by Laura Poitras about artist and activist Nan Goldin and her personal fight to hold the Sackler family accountable for the overdose crisis. The film's original music is composed by Soundwalk Collective. No soundtrack album has been announced. The movie premiered at this year's Venice Film Festival and is being released by Neon.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Dillon Danis keeps up winning ways with submission victory at Polaris 4
Dillon Danis is going to have to invest in a larger trophy cabinet…
By John Balfe - 29 Oct 2016
Dillon Danis is going to have to invest in a larger trophy cabinet at this rate.
Having added double gold in the No-Gi Pan Ams to his collection of medals earlier this month, Marcelo Garcia black belt and Conor McGregor training partner Dillon Danis emerged victorious from his match with Jakson Souza on Saturday evening at Polaris 4 in Poole, England.
Danis won the match by submission after locking in an inside heel hook on his opponent.
What an impressive display of Jiu Jitsu from @dillondanis always looking for the kill from every position against a heavier experienced tough opponent. An honor to walk out with him. Next time we'll be cornering together in NY #ufc205
A photo posted by Coach Kavanagh (@coach_kavanagh) on Oct 29, 2016 at 1:06pm PDT
Danis has emerged as a prominent training partner for Conor McGregor in both of his last two fight camps and will be part of the Irishman's corner when he takes on Eddie Alvarez in New York City next month.
Speaking to TheMacLife.com just after arriving in Dublin in early October, Danis elaborated on what it is that has made him so successful in the Jiu-Jitsu world.
"My coach always emphasises not worrying about the other person", Danis explained.
"I think sometimes when you worry about the other person, you forget to do your game. I'm always going forward and being aggressive. Fuck whatever they're doing."


If you're concerned about the environment then you might be surprised to hear that your website could be doing more harm than you think. In this article we'll be exploring how eco-friendly website design can make a big difference to your carbon footprint.
There are several different ways in which websites consume energy. If you think about it, every visitor to your website is using energy to access your content. Your hosting provider is running servers 24/7 which need to be powered. When you spend time maintaining and editing your website you are consuming electricity. Even your web design agency will be adding to your carbon footprint as they work on your website.
The good news is that it's possible to pursue eco-friendly website design principles. Some of these relate to the service providers that you choose. Others are small steps that you can take to reduce the carbon footprint of your website and take steps towards eco-friendly website design that will be better for the environment – and better for your end users too.
Every website needs to be hosted on a server. As a consumer you have very little input into how your hosting provider operates, but, like with so many things, you can vote with your feet.
There are some great 'green' hosting provider who can help us to achieve eco-friendly website design. FatCow, for example, claim that their hosting is powered by 100% wind energy. Choosing an eco-friendly hosting provider or offsetting the carbon footprint of your hosting is a great way to move towards eco-friendly website design.
We're well aware of the impact of efficiency on our energy bills. Domestic appliances, lighting, cars – it's well documented that an efficient product uses less energy and reduces our carbon footprint. The same principle applies to your website.
Optimising your website to make it fast and responsive will reduce the amount of time taken to load each page. Images that are optimised will take less energy to download. Improving your navigation will help visitors to reach their end goal by clicking through less pages. Removing old, outdated content will reduce the strain on your servers and speed up your site.
These are all examples of online best practice but they will also help you to achieve an eco-friendly website design. Taking the time and effort to do things properly will reduce your carbon footprint and improve the performance of your website.
The third step that you can take towards achieving an eco-friendly website design is to work with an eco-friendly web design agency. Working in partnership with an agency who understand your green objectives and are themselves looking to minimise their carbon footprint is a great way to improve this vital area of your business.


Last post 08-11-2009 11:54 AM by DanielGrunwald. 4 replies.
I can't open ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop project from SharpDevelop_4.0.0.4149_Source. VS says: "The project type is not supported by this installation". I have WinXP SP3, VS 2008 Team System SP1, .net 3.5 SP1. Why VS unsupport projects from sharpdevelop source code? Maybe I need download yours specific extentions for VS, or something else. Please help.
I don't know why that happens. It's a perfectly normal C# project file - MSBuild can compile it on the command line; and it opens in SharpDevelop just fine.
Thanks. Project really can compile on the command line (MSBuild). This is not project file problem.
After some trial and error I have found that the problem is that VS does not allow file names to be "ProjectTypeGuids.cs"
You will also have to rename the file in the ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.csproj file.
So you will only need to rename the file (the defined class name can stay the same).
You need to update that Connect issue, you have a typo in the repro steps ("ProjectTypesGuids" vs "ProjectTypeGuids").
Apparently VS tries to detect the type of the project before using an XML parser. Even just having an XML comment containing "ProjectTypeGuids" will result in that error.


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Eclectic Bangkok
SIGHTSEEING, BANGKOK
XUse this button to view the slideshow in full screen for the best viewing experience
Credit: ThinkStock Photos
The cultural and commercial centre of Thailand, Bangkok is steeped in tradition and history. Spiked with scores of high-rise buildings and mesmerising temples, on both sides of the holy Chao Phraya river, there is a certain madness and energy that surrounds the city. Here, you'll find a heady mix of chaos and refinement, including frenzied markets, hushed golden temples and streets packed with food-stalls and people. (Text by Reva Vidyalankar)
 Photo by: fitri agung, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
The Grand Palace
Ask anyone whose been to Bangkok what their 'must see' list of the city entails and without fail they'll include The Grand Palace. Built in 1782 the palace was home to the Thai King for 150 years and is now used for royal ceremonies and state functions.
 Photo by: libargutxi, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Combining traditional Thai architecture with European designs, The Palace complex, once the official home of the Kings of Siam, is unquestionably one of Thailand's major tourist highlights.
 Photo by: Jason Eppink, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
The Wat Pho is home to Thailand's impressive reclining Buddha, a 46 metre long and 15 metre high statue that illustrates Buddha's passing and entry into nirvana. You could easily spend an entire day wandering the sprawling temple compound admiring the mesmerizing architecture and the beautifully tended gardens.
 Photo by: Mark Fischer, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
On the banks of Bangkok's Chao Phraya River sits one of the city's most dramatic temples, Wat Arun. Also known as the 'Temple of Dawn', the temple is at its best when glistening in the rising sun's light. If you're not afraid of heights, brave the steep set of stairs up and be rewarded with stunning views of the area.
 Photo by: Mark Fischer, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Long-tail boats
Take a canal tour around Bangkok and catch a glimpse as to why the city was once called the Venice of the East. Crooked houses, floating markets, old bridges and elaborate temples crowd the water's edge as you whiz past on a long-tail boat.
 Photo by: Georgie Pauwels, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Floating markets
Bangkok is home to some of the most unusual and interesting markets in the world and many of them are found on water rather than on solid ground. Forming a part of everyday life in Bangkok, these markets are a popular destination for both tourists and locals. You can shop for everything from bananas to colourful hats.
 Photo by: Dennis Jarvis, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Criss-crossing canals
The criss-crossing canals provide visitors a peek into the contrast between the old and new Bangkok, with many of the city's revered temples standing alongside old wooden houses adorned with colourful flowers.
 Photo by: Mark Fischer, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Explore the shops and stalls at the world's largest weekend market where, if you roll up your sleeves and dig in the right places, you'll find everything from Thai handicrafts and fashionable clothing to a variety of delectable eats.
 Photo by: Oleg Sidorenko, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Soi Rambuttri gives you a taste of backpacking Bangkok. Leafy trees shade the pavement and you'll find a mix of guesthouses, bars and stalls along the street. At night, colourful paper lanterns light up Rambuttri and bars come alive with a mix of eclectic music. Running adjacent to the street is Bangkok's backpacker paradise: Khao San Road.
 Photo by: Bhargavi Jannu, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Indulge in street food
Set aside any squeamishness and plunge right into the city's 24-hour street side feast, especially in areas like Yaowarat and the night-time only Sukhuvmit Soi 38.
 Photo by: Peter Zoon, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Bangkok's modern, multi-storey shopping malls are a haven for all shoppers! From the legendary MBK, to the trendy and sophisticated Siam Discovery and Siam Paragon, the city accommodates every taste, pocket and style.
 Photo by: Prachanart Viriyaraks, Creative Commons Attribution Licence
Nothing like a dinner cruise on the Chao Phraya River to cap off a hectic day in the city. Bangkok is a multi-layered complex city: heritage exists alongside gleaming modern skyscrapers; there are parts that are admittedly sleazy yet the society is deeply conservative. Few cities reward the exploratory visitor like the capital city of Thailand.
Share your Bangkok Trip Experience
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The cultural and commercial centre of Thailand, Bangkok is steeped in tradition and history. Spiked with scores of high-rise buildings and mesmerising temples, on both sides of the holy Chao Phraya ri...


Ron Scott | 2/7/2019 4:04 p.m.
The women of Havana, Cuba move with a lyrical flow as they walk down those hot busy streets with a destination in mind but no neurotic effort to get there.
Ron Scott | 1/10/2019 4:15 p.m.
The pianist and composer Christian Sands has grown from a rising young musician to watch to a seasoned 29-year-old to be seen whenever he hits town.
Ron Scott | 1/3/2019 5:04 p.m.
The deed, the project, the incredible body of music by the trombonist, composer and arranger Craig Harris is complete.
Ron Scott | 12/13/2018 3:09 p.m.
The saxophonist/flutist and composer Charles Lloyd is one of our iconic elders.
Ron Scott | 11/1/2018 3:17 p.m.
Sonny Fortune, who played alto saxophone like an erupting volcano, with a flute sound reminiscent of a mysterious night covered by a full moon, died.
Ron Scott | 10/25/2018 3:29 p.m.
Hamiet Bluiett, the innovative musician and composer who gave new definition to the relevance of the baritone saxophone, died Oct. 4, at his home in Brooklyn, Ill. He was 78.
ron | 10/11/2018 3:31 p.m.
Ron Scott | 10/5/2018 2:17 p.m.
Jerry Gonzalez, the Latin jazz innovator, whose multi-instrumental talent effortlessly merged the genres of Afro-Cuban jazz, straight-ahead jazz, salsa and Latin jazz, died around midnight Oct. 1. He was 69.
Ron | 9/13/2018 3:03 p.m.
Randy Weston, the Brooklyn native and son of Africa, died peacefully Sept. 1, at his brownstone in Brooklyn. He was 92.
Ron Scott | 9/6/2018 3:40 p.m.
What happened? Summer is over already? Not fair. The winter seems to hang on like a hungry alligator, but the summer sun fads into the wintry night like a Billie Holiday blues song.
AmNews Staff Reports | 9/6/2018 1:01 p.m.
The music world suffered another recent blow with the passing of legendary pianist and composer Randy Weston.


text:
Watch a Preview of GPB's New Documentary About Chinese Tea
The documentary premieres next week
Via Chinese Tea - Elixir of the Orient [Vimeo]
Share All sharing options for: Watch a Preview of GPB's New Documentary About Chinese Tea
Georgia Public Broadcasting has partnered with the Confucius Institute at Kennesaw State University to produce a documentary that dives into the history of Chinese tea. Premiering next week on GPB, Chinese Tea: Elixir of the Orient will tell the story of "one of the most widely consumed drinks in the world," according to GPB vice president of production Steve Carey. The above preview offers a sneak peek at the film. Carey calls it "an amazing story about the culture, history, and humanity that is held in a simple cup of tea."
"GPB has the extraordinary privilege of presenting the backstory about one of the most widely consumed drinks in the world," Carey said. "From the people who produce it, to ancient ceremonies still used to prepare it, the leaves of tea provide an exciting introduction to Chinese civilization."
Chinese Tea marks the first partnership between GPB and KSU's Confucius Institute. The documentary will air Tuesday, April 26, at 8 p.m, and an encore is scheduled for Sunday, May 1, at 2 p.m.


A week before Christmas, I was contacted by an editorial page editor at The Seattle Times and offered a chance to write an opinion piece for Christmas Day. The editors wanted a different kind of editorial for their readers on Christmas, and brainstormed about who they would like to hear from in the area. I'm honored they thought of Seattle Pacific.
In case you missed it, here's the op-ed that was published in The Seattle Times on December 25, 2014.
What might lead the people of God into idolatry and how can they avoid it? Explore this question with Dr. Stephen Fowl at the annual Alfred S. Palmer Lecture on Thursday, January 22, 7 p.m. in Upper Gwinn Commons. Fowl is professor of theology at Loyola University Maryland and SPU's 2014-15 theologian in residence. The event is hosted by the School of Theology and Seattle Pacific Seminary.
Staff and faculty can participate in intramural leagues and fitness classes. Currently offered during Winter Quarter are Zumba (Tuesdays, 12 p.m.) and yoga (Thursdays, 12 p.m.). Circuit training, Zumba, and yoga are also held in the evenings. Students, alumni, staff, and faculty participating in intramural leagues or fitness classes are required to purchase an IM League Pass. The pass can be purchased over the phone through the Athletic Department by calling Lisa at 206-281-2393. The pass costs $30 (one quarter), $50 (two quarters), or $60 (all year). This pass allows for unlimited participation in all intramural leagues and fitness classes for the duration of the pass. Visit the website for more information and to sign up.
The Center for Career and Calling is hosting several "life after college" workshops this week. Please encourage students to pick up a "Passport to Success" at the Center for Career and Calling and attend three or more workshops for a free portfolio. Learn more by visiting the website.
Chicago-based artist, curator, musician, and teacher Tim Lowly visits SPU's Art Center Gallery on Friday, January 16.
Tuesday, January 20, at 12 p.m.
Thursday, January 22, at 9 a.m.
Twenty-minute Cigna one-on-one appointments will be held Friday, January 30, in Conference Room C on the third floor of the Ames Library. Bring your questions and have them answered by one of our Cigna representatives. Register by calling the Human Resources Office at 206-281-2809.
Have you been trained in Sitecore or Contribute but keep putting off making changes to your website? Join members of the University Communications (UC) Web Team on Thursday, January 15, for our monthly brownbag Q&A. Sitecore/Contribute Brownbags occur the third Thursday of most months, noon to 1 p.m. in the Lower Weter large conference room. If you have changes you need to make to your website and you're nervous about making them on your own, bring them with you and UC staff members will help you.
Flu shots are now available in Health Services, located in Watson Hall. Current staff, faculty, and dependents (age 15 years and up) who have Cigna coverage through SPU may receive their annual flu shot free of charge as part of the preventive care benefit. For those not covered by Cigna, the cost is only $25. Make an appointment by calling 206-281-2231.
Advancement Services needs your help in identifying outstanding students to be a part of Advancement Core (AC). AC is a student group under the leadership of Advancement Services that cultivates relationships between students, alumni, and donors of SPU. AC seeks to share with all students the tremendous story of SPU: from alumni impacting the world in incredible ways to donors who are advancing Seattle Pacific with generous financial support. We focus on building a culture of philanthropy and engagement across campus and helping students realize their involvement with SPU can and should be a lifetime experience. Our work comes to life through AC's annual "I Love SPU" campaign, serving at Homecoming reunions, and volunteering at various events throughout the year such as the Downtown Business Breakfast or the annual President's Circle Banquet. Qualified applicants should have strong interpersonal communication skills, as well as a passion and excitement for SPU. Applicants should desire to see students continually flourish and enjoy this place. If you know of someone who would be an excellent addition, email advancementcore@spu.edu.
A message from Celeste Cranston with the Tent City 3 Services Committee. "As an SPU host community, we are hoping Tent City 3 will have one hot meal per day while they are on campus. If you want to get in on this wonderful opportunity, check the meal preparation calendar, then contact me at cransc@spu.edu for more details and to set a date. (If you are interested in cooking on a Monday, the use of the First Free Methodist Church kitchen between 3-6 p.m. may be an option.)"
The SPU Tent City 3 Services Committee is hosting a "Mostly Men's" Clothing Drive for Tent City 3 until Friday, January 16. Donations of men's new or gently used clothing can be placed in the big blue collection barrels located in the Ames Library, Weter Hall, Eaton Hall, Demaray Hall, or Otto Miller Hall. If you have questions, contact tentcity3@spu.edu.
Women's basketball vs Northwest Nazarene, Brougham Pavilion, 5:15 p.m.
Men's basketball vs Alaska Anchorage, Brougham Pavilion, 7:30 p.m.
Indoor Track & Field; Seattle Pacific at University of Washington Indoor Preview, Dempsey Indoor (at UW), 9 a.m.
Men's basketball vs Alaska Fairbanks, Brougham Pavilion, 5:15 p.m.
Women's basketball vs Central Washington, Brougham Pavilion, 7:30 p.m.
The Faculty/Staff Bulletin is published every week during the academic year. If you have information or event news, send it as soon as possible to Bulletin Editor Tracy Norlen at fsb-editor@spu.edu. Submissions may be edited for clarity. The next deadline is Thursday, January 15. Due to the Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday, the next Bulletin will be published Tuesday, January 20.
Caenisha Warren was nominated as one of the top "40 Under 40" by The Covenant Companion, a monthly publication reporting on Christian life, the church, spirituality, community, social justice, and outreach ministry. According the magazine, the list "is just a sampling of the riches throughout the Covenant — 20- and 30-something women and men who are serving in both quiet and pronounced ways in churches, classrooms, offices, and numerous other venues." Caenisha is the coordinator for events and student clubs and budget manager for the John Perkins Center.
Kris Gritter, associate professor of curriculum and instruction, was recently invited to join the editorial board for the Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, one of the flagship journals of the International Reading Association.
An article by Kenman Wong, professor of business ethics, and recent SPU alumnus Donovan Richards (M.A. Theology/Applied Business) titled "Commercialization and Microfinance Interest Rates: Usury or Just Prices?" was recently published in the Journal of Markets and Morality.
A book by Associate Professor of Theology Doug Koskela was recently published by Eerdmans Publishing. Calling and Clarity: Discovering What God Wants for Your Life offers a theological vision of calling for those who aim to use their time, energy, and gifts faithfully. It was shaped significantly by conversations and questions that emerged in undergraduate and seminary classes on vocational discernment at SPU.
Thomas Alsbury, professor of educational administration and supervision, was invited to write an article for Télescope, a peer-reviewed journal of comparative analysis dedicated to presenting the research of international experts in the field of public administration. This article investigates school board members' perceptions about their roles and responsibilities for improving student learning, and examines contextual factors and characteristics that influence those beliefs.
Associate Professor of Music Stephen Newby and his research on legendary gospel music composer and performer Andrae Crouch were mentioned in a Christianity Today article on January 8, 2015.
Thomas Alsbury, professor of educational administration and supervision, was quoted in a Yakima Herald story on December 14 about superintendent salaries.


text:
Q: How do we tag a single folder from git repository Can we tag a single folder from a git repository?
We have a git repository with different folders, we don't want to tag the entire repository. We just want to tag a single folder from that git repository.
Is that possible or better to have different repositories instead of having a single repository?

A: No you cannot associate a tag to a folders inside a git repository
This because each tag is associated to a particular commit.
So each commit refers to the whole repository which includes both folders.
If each of your folders are unrelated to each others, yes you should definitely have two separated repositories.
Let's imagine this timeline:
 * 4bde21c 5m ago, Fix spelling (master)
 * 4bde21c 10h ago, Fix foo (v1.0-foo)
 * 7cdeba1 3 days ago, Fix bar (v1.0-bar)
 * 3cd4aa1 10 days ago, Create bar
 * 21a57d2 1 month ago, Create foo

The tags v1.0-foo and v1.0-bar are just references to commits:
 v1.0-foo -> 4bde21c
 v1.0-bar -> 7cdeba1

So how would you consider the version of the bar repository at tag v1.0-foo?

A: Not sure why you want it, so I just give some hints.
A folder with tracked files in a Git repository has its own revision, stored as a tree object. The object records the names of its files and subfolders and their own object hashes. But the object does not store its own path, which is stored in the tree object of its parent folder. If it's the root folder of the repository, its path is not stored at all. Because it could be any name when it is cloned or initialized.
Say the folder's path in the repository is ./foo. You can run git ls-tree <commit> -- foo or git rev-parse <commit>:foo to see the tree hash of foo. You can tag it by git tag <tagname> <tree_hash>, or without knowing its hash by git tag <tagname> <commit>:foo.
With the tag, you can push or fetch the involved objects, or extract the actual files and subfolders, or manipulate them with plumbing commands.
As we can use <commit>:<path> to describe the path and contents of a folder, you don't have to create an extra tag if you know the commit and path.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Brussels - The European Investment Bank (EIB) and the Union for the Mediterranean will organize on September 8, 2016, in Rabat, a conference on climate action in the Mediterranean.
Brussels – The European Investment Bank (EIB) and the Union for the Mediterranean will organize on September 8, 2016, in Rabat, a conference on climate action in the Mediterranean.
The "EIB MED Conference: Climate Action in the Mediterranean" will focus on climate change adaptation, mitigation and climate finance, the EIB said in a statement. A lively debate between panellists and audience will take place in three consecutive sessions.
The "From Paris to Marrakech" session will focus on how climate action can contribute to meeting the SDGs in the Mediterranean region. The discussion will address the implementation of the Paris Agreement, including progress on regulations, strategies and investment plans for both mitigation and adaptation.
The importance of understanding the interactions between mitigation and adaptation, and the importance of cooperation among different stakeholders will also be discussed.
"Why it matters in the MED region" session will look at the urgent need for adaptation measures in the region and showcase what the EIB can do to support Mediterranean countries to face this emerging threat in terms of its lending, blending and advising activities.
The "Climate Finance" session will highlight the diverse range of available climate financing tools and advisory services available in the region and present ways in which clients can best avail themselves of these services to improve their projects. The panel will emphasise the importance of cooperation between public institutions and private sectors for the financing of viable climate projects.


You'll want to make sure that your child doesn't have any serious wounds, that he hasn't broken any bones, and that he hasn't suffered a concussion or other internal damage, including a serious head injury (such as a skull fracture or intracranial injury). Falls can be serious, but baby and toddler bones are soft, so they don't fracture as easily as those of an older child. Continue reading..
SINGAPORE — After completing her O-Levels, Madam Janessa Puvaneswari Kumaran joined the PAP Community Foundation (PCF) as a pre-school teacher in 2001, but the changes in the education sector meant that she could not remain indifferent to them. Not only did she obtain a certificate in pre-school teaching a year after she began work, she also attained a Diploma in Early Childhood Care & Education-Teaching.
There are some things I used to do before I had kids that are impossible now that I have three. Remember the things you used to dare try because you had silence, the time, and the patience — back when these things weren't considered luxuries like they are to so many of us now because we have little hellions running around ruining everything they touch? Here is a list of 10 things that are ill-advised once you start breeding. Believe me, I have tried them all.
How our toddlers showed us that they'd reached key milestones.
One of the most fascinating things of parenting is watching your children learn and develop. From the moment they are placed in your arms their little minds are absorbing knowledge and information from the world around them. They're always watching, always listening (even when you wish they weren't!) and all the time, their minds are expanding. There's no 'off' switch when it comes to toddler's learning. From the minute they wake in the (very) early morning their brains are little sponges; soaking up whatever their environment has to offer.
It starts from carpet: 200,000 bacteria...PER SQUARE INCH.
Your child will be more attentive and will be more likely to follow if you use positive words instead.


Saskatoon and District Labour Council held their annual Labour Day BBQ and was attended by over 3,000 people.
The union representing workers at Maple Leaf Foods Inc. (at the McLeod Plant and Distribution Centre), Bunge Canada, Star Egg & Cope 397 in Saskatchewan. At your workplace and in your community - Our Voice is Strong!
#keepsasktel Now more than ever we need to stand together to stop the sale of SaskTel. Send a letter to Premier Brad Wall and Minister of Energy and Resources Dustin Duncan letting them know you want to make it clear that you want SaskTel to remain a Saskatchewan public asset, and that you do not give them or the Saskatchewan party permission to privatize it.
I was voted in as President in February 2014 for a four year term. I look forward to working with the Executive Committee and our members during this time to make a stronger Union and our workplace even better.
I have been working at Maple Leaf Foods for the past twenty-two years, and have been involved in various levels of our Union for fifteen of those years.


I have the blessing and curse of family who live on the other side of the continent. This means flying is unavoidable. However, what is avoidable is googling "flying with baby." But, like many others before me, when faced with taking our little one on her first trans-continental flight, I did just that. I read horror story after horror story about fanged flight attendants and breastfeeding fearing passengers. I ate up any advice I could find about timing naps and what I needed to bring along. And I did all of this with some desperate hope that I would be able to avoid tears, screaming, and, heaven forbid, being thrown off the plane!
Guess what? It was fine. I flew solo with my 10-month-old across the continent. Yes, I took way too much carry-on baby paraphernalia to be practical. Yes, the baby cried at times. Yes, the baby was awake most of the day. Yes, it was an incredibly exhausting day of constant baby entertainment. No, I would rather not do it again.
But, what I want to make sure I say on the internet is: PEOPLE LIKE BABIES! This should not be a shock, but it was delightfully surprising to me to find everyone I met on my travels to be more than helpful. The temporary community that pops up around a baby on a plane is an immeasurable blessing to a parent. And, I would suggest, to everyone involved as well: individuals who might not even look at each other, let alone speak to each other, were playing peek-a-boo and grown men were outright giggling at my ten-month-old's antics.


While receiving Ontario Works, payments are normally sent directly to your bank account. If you are receiving your payments by cheque, you can sign up for Direct Bank Deposit.
If you do NOT receive your payment, or if you receive an Employment & Social Services letter telling you that your payment is going to be delayed or stopped, contact your caseworker.
* The date the Province prints on the cheque* The date the payment is received depends on Canada Post delivery to your area or the bank you deal with.
You can learn specific information about your social assistance, including payment amounts and dates, through the Interactive Voice Response System, available to those who are receiving Ontario Works.


Bali is a holiday destination popular the world over for its golden beaches, rich culture, heritage, and history as well as its beautiful weather and friendly people. From picturesque rice promenades to rugged coastlines to soaring volcanic mountains to black sandy beaches, here are some of the reasons for which Bali is known as the Island of the Gods.
With a range of destinations that suit young visitors looking to party and the more serious travelers looking to soak up the fascinating culture and distinctive artwork, in this page we have listed various Bali Tours & Travel Packages with available deals that can fulfill your every wish.
At Krishna Bali Tours, we specially design itineraries to uncover both the scenic beauty and cultural charm of Bali while offering ample opportunity for personalized discovery. We've got plenty to satisfy your travel bug on our wide selection of Cheap Bali Tour Packages featuring Bali's best places ~ discover Indonesia's beautiful island escape. Dotted with small, character-filled villages, smoldering volcanoes rising out of lush rich fields, idyllic beaches, and colorful reefs, Bali is the perfect island getaway.
Conquer the slopes of simmering Mt Batur, explore an amazing cliff temple of Pura Uluwatu, feast on delicious Balinese cuisine and enjoy moments of absolute peace in Pura Ulun Danu Bratan, a Hindu-Buddhist Lake temple dedicated to the goddess of the waters. Fall in love with the warmth of the people, the ornate customs and welcoming culture that is synonymous with beautiful Bali.
As one of Bali's top tour operators specializing in tailor-made tours, our Bali Tour Packages are crafted to match any travel style. Our tours highlight the island's best sights and sounds while leaving enough time to connect with its enchanting people. We can customize each of our Bali tours itineraries to match your preferred travel period, touring needs and budget for a journey that's perfect for you.


text:
Growth through people
The Insights Discovery model…
THE WORLD IN COLOUR
The Insights Discovery model is based on the extensive research of Swiss psychologist Dr Carl G. Jung and the subsequent work of Dr Jolande Jacobi, one of his leading students.
In Psychological Types (1921) Jung's typology was centred around the concept of different psychological 'energies' that influence how we behave, approach situations, and make sense of the world.
He identified three distinct sets of preferences that combine with different intensities to create our unique personal style – how we interact, communicate and work with others.
The Attitudes: The way we react to outer and inner experiences.
The Rational Functions: How we make decisions.
The Irrational Functions: How we take in and process information.
Dr Carl G. Jung
THE PREFERENCES
Extraversion/Introversion
The first two preferences are referred to as the attitudes, and describe our general orientation of interest with the external world of people and activities (Extraversion), or the internal world of thoughts and feelings (Introversion).
We all use both of these approaches to the world with varying intensities at different times, but most of us have an overall preference that we use most of the time.
THINKING/FEELING
The second pair of preferences determine how we make decisions and judge situations. These preferences are called the rational functions.
Thinking is analytical and logical, with personal feelings put aside until an objective decision has been made.
Feeling is subjective, based on personal values and the consideration of others affected by the decision.
Both are rational, judging processes and we all have the capacity to use both functions. However, we all have a preference: where we go to first in making our decisions.
Sensation establishes what is actually present, thinking enables us to recognise its meaning, feeling tells us its value, and intuition points to possibilities…
Carl G. Jung
Sensing/Intuition
Jung referred to the final pair of preferences as the irrational functions. This doesn't mean illogical, simply more instinctive.
It's how we perceive; the way we take in information.
Sensing takes in information in bits and pieces, depends on all five senses and is clear and practical. It's like building a jigsaw puzzle out of the here and now.
Intuition is more future-oriented and conceptual, forming patterns to make new connections and possibilities. It's that sixth-sense feeling that appears like a 'hunch' rising from the unconscious.
THE DYNAMIC OF POLAR OPPOSITES
These different attitudes and functions operate around the dynamic tension of polar opposites.
If Thinking is dominant, then its corresponding opposite, Feeling, is automatically the inferior function.
It's the interactions between these attitudes and functions that produce Jung's psychological types.
THE FOUR INSIGHTS COLOUR ENERGIES
Insights Discovery translates this theory into a simple, accessible, and practical four colour model to understand an individual's style:
Cool Blue – Introverted Thinking
Fiery Red – Extraverted Thinking
Earth Green – Introverted Feeling
Sunshine Yellow – Extraverted Thinking
All the colour energies have equal value, and everyone will use all four to varying degrees.
However, the sequence and intensity of our colour use are unique and determine our personal style.
SIMPLE, PRACTICAL, EFFECTIVE
The Insights Wheel also takes centre stage in our workshops – both face to face and virtual – providing a unique and highly effective way of understanding the Insights Discovery model, and the dynamics between people.
The Insights Discovery model is designed to help people understand themselves, understand others, and make the most of the relationships that affect them in the workplace.
And, unlike other psychometric profiling tools, the Insights Discovery Personal Profile is not the end… it's the beginning of a journey of personal, team and leadership development.
What's your colour mix?
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Emotional and Social Intelligence…
From good to great!
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What the Duck!
It's serious play!
The four colour approach in everything that we do.


After last place finishes in three of their last four seasons, the Boston Red Sox ownership group, led by John Henry and Tom Werner, has experimented with bringing aboard older talent to bolster the team's pitching rotation.
Other recent moves have indicated they are also going outside the playbook to solve other problems of recent teams.
Yet the offseason had to a hot start from the beginning.
The front office, and Red Sox Nation, was thrown for a loop when star slugger David Ortiz announced that 2016 would be his final season. With Ortiz's bat on its way out of Boston, the question is how the Red Sox could possibly bolster their roster to improve what was a poor 2015 campaign.
President Dave Dombrowski has addressed the team's biggest flaw: poor pitching. To rectify, the team signed a free agent pitcher, David Price, to a record deal. Price, who is familiar with Boston from his time with the division rivals, the Tampa Bay Rays and Toronto Blue Jays, became the highest-paid pitcher in MLB history when he signed his seven-year, $217 million deal with the Red Sox.
Multiple major league sources were quick to note that David Price was set to sign a seven-year, $190 million deal with the St. Louis Cardinals when the Red Sox swooped in with their $217 million offer after their initial $200 million offer. Price took them up on it, to the excitement of Red Sox Nation.
After the signing became official, Price was flown to Boston to be introduced to the city's media. During his press conference, Price touched on what made him choose Boston.
Price expressed his desire to play for a team with a winning culture.
The Red Sox also addressed the issue by acquiring all-star closer Craig Kimbrel. To land Kimbrel, the Red Sox parted with four prospects: Manuel Margot, Javier Guerra, Logan Allen, and Carlos Asuaje.
Kimbrel, who has posted a 1.70 ERA since 2011, will be under team control for the next two seasons at a salary of $24.5 million. His current deal also includes a $13 million club option for 2018 with a $1 million buyout.
The Red Sox also addressed another key issue: scoring runs. The team signed Chris Young as a fourth outfielder to increase the team's production against left-handed pitchers. According to ESPN, Young's average is a staggering .327 against left-handers, leaving a lot to be desired.
With the acquisitions of Price, Kimbrel, and Young, the Red Sox added a much-needed power arm to their bullpen and a solid fourth outfielder to help young inconsistent outfielders Jackie Bradley Jr. and Rusney Castillo. They also fortified their rotation by signing a true ace in Price. But the revamping was not finished there.
The Red Sox began this year's Winter Meetings in Nashville, Tennessee by peddling starter Wade Miley and reliever Jonathan Aro to the Seattle Mariners in exchange for relief pitcher, Carson Smith and a fifth starter candidate in Roenis Elias.
Smith fortifies an already strong end of Red Sox bullpen, taking pressure off of aging closer, now set-up man, Koji Uehara, who has dealt with a heavy workload the past two seasons. Elias is set to compete with the likes of Henry Owens and Joe Kelly but will likely end up in the Red Sox bullpen, competing for a spot with Robbie Ross Jr. and Tommy Layne, according to MassLive.
Do not expect the deals to be done so soon for the Sox.
Dombrowski could explore a potential trade involving one of the team's catchers including, Christian Vazquez and Blake Swihart. The Red Sox also have veteran catcher Ryan Hanigan on the roster.
Vazquez has always stood out on the defensive side of the plate. Former catchers' coach turned bench coach Dana LeVangie had nothing but praise for Vazquez.
"He's so far ahead of his age where he is catching-wise. He's a special player behind the plate catching, throwing, blocking the ball — in all aspects," said LeVangie.
While Vazquez as well as Hanigan have shown elite status behind the plate, they lack the skills offensively. Hitting is where Swihart strives but the young star still has room to improve.
Swihart's athleticism and versatility make him a more appealing option to start due to his improvement while playing in the big leagues and matching the skills of his counterparts.
Dombrowski has previously stated he felt the Red Sox might be set with the current roster after acquiring Price. Yet, he traded their potential fourth starter in Miley for Smith on Monday.
Dombrowski is a mystery that may never really be done fine-tuning the team. Are the Red Sox really done making moves this offseason?


The role of the DVN would be to help owners that are unable to visit the vet due to their own health or disability.
A "fringe" event on District Veterinary Nursing will take place at BVNA Congress on Saturday (13 October).
The District Veterinary Nursing (DVN) session aims to showcase the role and challenges through a series of short presentations and case studies. Speakers will explore: 'What is a DVN,' 'Developing the role of the DVN,' 'Supporting the Human-Animal Bond' and 'professional considerations now and in the future'.
At the end of the session, delegates will be invited to discuss the role of the DVN through an informal forum led by Dot Creighton RVN.
DVN is a new movement which has been gaining momentum over the past few months. Founded by RVN Carla Finzel, it encompasses intensive care nursing, specialist clinics, palliative care and owner support and mentioning - all under the direction of the referring vet.
Earlier this year, the District Veterinary Nurse Development Group was established to support Carla to help develop the role at a national level.
Formed by volunteers, the group is rapidly gaining support from eminent members of the profession, RVNs aspiring to be DVNs and clients in desperate need of the service. It has also received backing from interested parties and organisations who can see the impact the role could have in society.
In a press release, the DVN Development Group said: "There are many reasons why owners do not visit the vet - it may simply be that the pet is fearful or in more complex situations where the owner is unable to give veterinary care required due to their own health or disability.
The session is open to all attending BVNA Congress at no additional charge and takes place on Saturday, 13 October at 3.30pm.


text:
The Shipwreck Rose: Moody Street
By Bess Rattray
Jack Kerouac would have had his 100th birthday in March, if he hadn't died in 1969. I know this because I am sitting with a spoon and an egg-lemon soup in the Athenian Corner Restaurant in Lowell, Mass., having detoured off the interstate on the drive home from New Hampshire in a heavy rainstorm, and banners on lampposts, with a cartoon drawing of Kerouac's face and a quotation from his writing, announce the centennial at every street corner. The quotations are mostly pretty juvenile — "jejune" would be the right word: "The best teacher is experience," says one, and "The road is life," and "All of life is a foreign country."
Pfft. I am a Kerouac fan — "stan," the kids say — and have been since I was an adolescent writer myself, but his work doesn't lend itself to T-shirt quotes or inspirational posters. His writing was improv, bebop, and meant to be musical and in the moment: "What is that feeling when you're driving away from people and they recede on the plain till you see their specks dispersing? — it's the too-huge world vaulting us, and it's good-bye. But we lean forward to the next crazy venture beneath the skies."
I think it's fair to say that Kerouac wasn't a great thinker, but he was a great artist, regardless of what it's fashionable to say. He was an artist, like Elvis or Whitman, who was raw to what it meant to be American, and that feeling came pouring out of him.
Weirdly, when I navigated off the interstate today, I knew exactly where the cemetery would be with Kerouac's grave. I turned off at Exit 91 and thought, "The cemetery will be just ahead, on the left," and there it was. This is strange because I didn't arrive by car, or come from this direction, when I was here 40 years ago. I came to Lowell last by train at the age of 15 — my daughter's exact age, now that I think of it, 15 years and two months.
I just dropped her off at Exeter, the boarding school, for the first time. She is not, so far, happy, and has been sending me texts offering me cash if only I will drive her home.
The first time I made a pilgrimage to Lowell, Kerouac's hometown, I had been at boarding school in Concord, Mass., for only a few weeks, having started in the middle of the school year, after Christmas. One Saturday I took advantage of the lax regulations — and lack of house-parental situational awareness — to go off by myself into Boston on a train and then catch another train that took me into Lowell: Everything on that trip was memorable and seemed significant; I felt like I'd slipped through a portal into a time warp. A group of boys in white sailor suits and sailor caps rode with me on the train, and I walked from the Lowell station in the pouring rain. I don't remember if I bought a map of the town or just asked someone where the graveyard was, but I remember walking a long way, stopping for an ice cream in an empty soda parlor where the soda jerk wore a white paper hat, then going onward, soaked to the bone. Other pilgrims had left flowers and empty booze bottles, but I had nothing in my pocket to leave for Kerouac except my own boarding school ID card, which I propped by the headstone.
Teenagers don't do that sort of thing any more. Certainly mine never would.
Lowell seems to be doing well, though. I remember it feeling deserted in the 1980s, and it no longer does. The cotton mills have become loft apartments. But there is still a strong feeling of time warp. This is a strange Greek restaurant, with wall-to-wall carpeting in the dining room; it looks appears to have last been decorated in approximately 1968. I like it in here. I've just paid a visit to what the sign calls the Powder Room, and it was so time-warped — blue tiles and plaster statuary painted gold — that I took iPhone photos to show friends later. The less said about the roast chicken the better.
This morning I was in a soft bed at the Exeter Inn in New Hampshire, texting furiously with my daughter, who is already lonely and asking how soon she can drop out of boarding school and return to her friends, who are pulling warm hoodies on over their bikinis in Montauk and preparing for the first day of public school. ("Is two days enough to count as 'giving it a try'?") Nettie moved into her dorm yesterday. I am in a fog of emotion, confused about what to do to help her and confused about how to feel. Before I ripped off the Band-Aid and left her alone at Exeter, I went into a gift shop on Water Street and spent a lot of money on a care package of comfort items — chocolate-covered Oreos, and (anticipating rivers of running mascara) a fancy face towel made for removing makeup, and a stupid small bag of Positive Energy polished stones that she won't have any use for.
The last time I came to Lowell was an important day to me, in my life, for some reason. Maybe because it was the first trip I ever took alone. Just a day trip, but still, my first literary journey.
I have an hour or two to kill before I need to get on the road again to New London for a 5 p.m. ferry, so I am driving around looking for things that must have been here when Kerouac was alive. I drive past Dave DuCharme's Auto Sales (what a name!) and many pizza slice parlors. Cotton mills, silk mills, canals, the Merrimack River, which has dams and waterfalls and is full of rocks. It smells like weed in front of Excel Bottled Liquors, which has a vintage pink-neon sign and definitely dates to Kerouac-alive days. This is an immigrant neighborhood, not French-speaking like the Kerouacs but Spanish-speaking. Los Monstros Barbershop. It smells so strongly of weed outside of Jack's childhood home at 136 Moody Street, on a hill above the river, next to a coin-operated laundromat, that it seeps through the sealed windows of the car.
I cannot believe I walked all the way from the train station to Edson Cemetery and back again when I was 15; it's nearly three miles each way. I must have been hypothermic when I visited Lowell that first time, because it was January or February and I refused to wear a coat at that age and it was raining hard and I was on foot and Lowell is not that small a city. This is one thing my generation had in common with today's teenagers: They still don't want to wear winter coats. (I'm just now remembering that, actually, I did get pneumonia that winter of my sophomore year at boarding school, was so weak I tipped right over when I hopped out of my bunk bed one morning and had to be helped to the infirmary, where I lay alone for a week with a high fever.)
At the Edson Cemetery, the ground is sodden and my shoes sink into the mud. People have left offerings at the gravesite for "little Jean" Kerouac: ballpoint pens, a handful of vapes, pink plastic flowers, two different room keys from two different hotels, some stones painted with hearts, a small American flag — the kind you wave at a parade, but half-torn from the stick — beer cans, of course, and lots of empty single-serve booze bottles like you get on planes. The pilgrims all seem to have the same idea: They want to pour liquor on the ground for Kerouac but don't want to waste too much. You can hear traffic moving on the interstate as you stand here looking at his plot. Kerouac drove on two-lane highways, though. It is not the same road.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Many polymers encountered in chemical and biological physics can be considered as long flexible chains of linear architecture.  In the good solution regime,
where the steric hard-core repulsions between monomers are dominant, a typical polymer chain usually attains a coil-like conformation. In this regime, the size measures of a typical $N$-monomer
chain such as the mean-square end-to-end distance $\langle R_e^2 \rangle$ or the mean-square radius of gyration $\langle R_g^2 \rangle$ obey scaling laws  \cite{deGennes79,desCloizeaux,Grosberg94}:
$$
\langle R_e^2 \rangle  \sim \langle R_g^2 \rangle  \sim  N^{2\nu_{{\rm coil}}}, \label {RR}
$$
with a universal exponent $\nu_{{\rm coil}}=0.587597(7)$  in three dimensions \cite{Clisby00}.
At temperatures below the so-called $\Theta$-point the polymer radius shrinks, which
causes the collapse transition into the compact globule-like conformation regime. Exactly at the $\Theta$-temperature, the macromolecules in three dimensions behave like an ideal Gaussian chain
(up to logarithmic corrections) with size exponent $\nu_{\Theta}=1/2$.

The conformational properties of long flexible polymer chains in the vicinity of the $\Theta$-point are perfectly captured within the lattice model of self-attracting self-avoiding walks (SASAWs) \cite{Privman86,Lam90,Foster92,Barkema98,Szleifer92,Grassberger95,Grassberger97,Vogel07}.
Here, each monomer is treated as a point particle on a regular lattice, and interactions are restricted to an attractive coupling $\varepsilon_{ij}=-1$
between non-bonded monomers  $i$ and $j$ occupying nearest-neighbor sites.

A subject of great interest is the study of conformational transitions of  heteropolymer chains, containing monomers of essentially different chemical nature.
Typical examples are proteins, consisting of sequences of amino acid residues, connected by peptide bonds.
One of the ways to analyze this problem is via a generalization of the SASAW model by assuming interaction energies $\varepsilon_{ij}$ of all the
couples of monomers along the chain to be independent identically distributed quenched random variables (so-called random-bond model \cite{Garel88,Shakhnovich89,Archontis94}).
This in particular allows an analytic description of the thermodynamics of heteropolymers within the random-energy model
developed by Derrida \cite{Derrida81} for the theory of spin glasses.
In Ref. \cite{Gutin93}, a modification of this model was proposed, where the energies of different
states are random variables but may take only discrete values.
However, more realistic is the case where the  interaction energies are determined by the underlying monomer sequence.
For simplicity, we will focus on copolymers, when there
are only two distinct types of monomers: $N_A$ monomers of type $A$ and correspondingly $N_B=N-N_A$ monomers of type $B$.
One distinguishes between the ``sequence space'' (the set of all possible sequences of $A$ and $B$ residues along the chain) and the ``conformational space"
(the set of all possible internal conformations of a chain due to different bond orientation, taken at fixed sequence of $A$ and $B$). It is convenient to introduce the parameter
$c\equiv N_A/N$ (fraction of $A$ monomers), so that $c=1$ $(0)$ corresponds to the limiting case of homogeneous chains with all monomers of type $A$ ($B$).
In the following we shall focus on the following cases:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&{\rm HP\, model}: \varepsilon_{AA}=-1, \varepsilon_{BB}=\varepsilon_{AB}=0, \label{mod1} \\
&&{\rm Symmetrized\,HP\, (SHP)\, model}:\varepsilon_{AA}=\varepsilon_{BB}=-1, \varepsilon_{AB}=1, \label{mod2}  \\
&&{\rm Polyampholyte\, (PA)}: \varepsilon_{AA}=\varepsilon_{BB}=1, \varepsilon_{AB}=-1, \label{mod3}\\
&&{\rm Polyectrolyte\,(PE)}: \varepsilon_{AA}=1, \varepsilon_{BB}=\varepsilon_{AB}=0, \label{mod4} \\
&&{\rm Antisymmetrized\, model\,(AS)}: \varepsilon_{AA}=-1, \varepsilon_{BB}=1, \varepsilon_{AB}=0. \label{mod5}
 \end{eqnarray}
 Case  (\ref{mod1}) refers to the (minimal) HP model, proposed in \cite{Lau89} to describe  protein folding.
In general, the constituents (monomers) of macromolecules in an aqueous environment
can be characterized as hydrophilic (polar) or hydrophobic, depending on their chemical structure. Hydrophilic residues ($B$) tend to form hydrogen bonds
with surrounding water molecules, whereas the hydrophobic monomers ($A$) effectively attract each other and tend to form a dense hydrophobic core.
Despite is simplicity, this model (and its off-lattice ``AB'' model variant) catches the main thermodynamic features of real proteins, allowing to explore  the full conformational and sequence spaces of macromolecules by
powerful numerical methods, and thus still attracts attention of researchers \cite{Shakhnovich90,Lattman94,Stillinger95,Yue95,Irback97,Irback97a,Hsu03,Bachmann03,Mezard04,Bachmann05,Bachmann07,Wust08,Swetnam09,Wust12,Wust13,Narasimhan12}.
The thermodynamics and ground-state search  for various HP sequences were analyzed specifically,
either representing  real proteins (e.g., a 103-mer for Cytochrome \cite{Lattman94})
or just some model cases (like Fibonacci sequences \cite{Stillinger95,Hsu03}).
The largest sequence explored systematically so far is a 136mer \cite{Yue95}.
In general, the ability of the chain to fold into a compact state was found to be dependent both on the composition (the fraction of residues of each type)
and on the sequence of residues.

The related case (\ref{mod2}) is the standard model for copolymers with monomers that have a tendency to segregate \cite{Sfatos97}.
In Ref.~\cite{Mezard04}, the thermodynamic properties of copolymers (1), (2) with correlated sequences were analyzed analytically, using an approach based on the cavity method as used in various frustrated systems.
It was shown, that heteropolymers posses different dense phases depending upon the temperature, the nature of the monomer interactions, and the sequence correlation.

The situation (\ref{mod3}), when the like monomers repel and the opposite ones attract each other, may refer to the randomly charged model of polyampholytes \cite{Tanford61,Dobrynin04}: heteropolymers, comprising
both positively and negatively charged monomers. Typical examples of polyampholytes are synthetic copolymers bearing acidic and basic repeat groups.
In general, the long-range nature of the electrostatic Coulomb interaction between charged groups produces crucial effects on macromolecule properties
and leads to  an extremely  rich conformational behavior, strongly dependent both on their overall
charge $Q$ and the quality of solvent (and thus on temperature $T$)  \cite{Kantor92,Gutin94,Kantor95,Dobrynin96,Barbosa96,Tanaka97,Everaers97,Lyubin99,Yamakov00}.
 If positive and negative charges are almost balanced ($Q$ is small), the attractive
Coulomb interaction dominates, and the polymer collapses into a globular (sphere-like) state at low temperatures.
If the energy of the electrostatic interactions  prevails the globular surface energy,
 which happens when the excess charge $Q$ approaches  $Q_c\sim N^{1/2}$, the molecules split into extended necklace-like conformations of small connected globules.
In the high-temperature regime but small $Q$ (predominant electrostatic attraction), the PA  forms  globule-like structures, whereas at the critical value of the
excess charge $Q_c\sim N^{1/2}$ the charged polymer
attains the shape of a neutral polymer coil.
Polyampholytes with considerable disbalance between positive and negative charges ($Q>Q_c$) and thus
predominant Coulomb repulsion  are expected to attain a
stretched rod-like configuration.
The simplified polyampholyte model with strongly screened (short-range) Coulomb interactions  in the form (\ref{mod3})
have been studied previously in Ref.~\cite{Kantor94}. Here, for each $c$ value  at fixed total length of the chain,
the various possible sequences have been constructed, and
quenched sequence averaging for thermodynamic observables was performed. In such a way, the phase diagram of extended and compact state coexistence has been constructed
as function of both the temperature and the fraction of residues of each type.

The situation (\ref{mod4}) may describe polyelectrolytes \cite{Tanford61,Dobrynin04}:  heteropolymers, comprising some fraction of charged monomers of the same sign
with strongly screened Coulomb interactions.
A transition into the compact state can not be reached for these systems.

The case (\ref{mod5}) could be viewed as an additional generalization of above models, comprising an interplay between different kinds of short-range interactions.

In the present work, we aim to extend the picture, developed in Ref.~\cite{Kantor94} for the polyampholyte model (\ref{mod3})  to the whole
range of cases (\ref{mod1})-(\ref{mod5}); namely, to treat different sequences of $A$ and $B$ monomers at given fixed fraction $c$ (ranging from 0 to 1)
as different realizations of quenched disorder, and to obtain observables of interest after performing double conformation and sequence averaging. Thus,
we will obtain a systematic picture of conformational transitions from extended into compact state in models (\ref{mod1})-(\ref{mod5})
in the form of phase diagrams as function of the fraction $c$ and temperature $T$.
In particular, this allows us to compare the properties of HP-like models and models of charged polymers
chains with strongly-screened Coulomb interaction directly within the same approach.

The layout of the rest of the paper is as follows:
in the next Section II we briefly describe the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method, applied in our study. The results obtained are given in
Section III. We end up by giving conclusions and an outlook in Section IV.

\section{Method}

To study the conformational properties of models (\ref{mod1})-(\ref{mod5}), we apply the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) \cite{Grassberger97}. The chain grows step by
step, i.e., the $n$th monomer is placed at a randomly chosen neighbor site of the last placed $(n-1)$th  monomer ($n\leq N$). The growth is stopped,
if the total length of the chain, $N$, is reached (we consider chains of length up to $N=100$).
The total energy of a chain $E(N)$ is given by
\begin{equation}
E(N)=\sum_{i=1}^N\sum_{j=i+2}^{N}\varepsilon_{ij}\sigma_{ij},
\label{senergy}
\end{equation}
where each $i$ and $j$ is either of the type $A$ or $B$, correspondingly $\varepsilon_{ij}$ is $1$, $-1$ or $0$ depending on the model,  and   $\sigma_{ij}=1$ if monomers $i$ and $j$ are nearest neighbors  and zero otherwise.
The Rosenbluth weight factor $W_n$ is thus taken to be
\begin{equation}
W_n=\prod_{l=2}^n m_l {\rm e}^{-\frac{(E(l)-E(l-1) )}{k_B T}},
\label{weight}
\end{equation}
where  $m_l$ is the number of free lattice sites to place the $l$th monomer,   $E(l)$ denotes the energy of the $l$-step chain, and $k_B$ is
the Boltzmann constant.
In what follows, we will assume units in which $k_B=1$.

Pruning and enrichment are
performed by choosing thresholds $W_n^{<}$
and $W_n^{>}$ depending on the current estimate of the sum of weights  $Z_n=\sum_{{\rm conf}} W_n^{{\rm conf}}$ of the $n$-monomer chain \cite{Grassberger97,Hsu03a,Bachmann03}.
If the current weight $W_n$ of an $n$-monomer chain is less than $W_n^{<}$,  the chain is discarded with probability
$1/2$, whereas if $W_n$ exceeds  $W_n^{>}$, the configuration is doubled (enrichment of the sample with high-weight configurations). We
adjust the pruning-enrichment control such that at least 10 chains are generated per each iteration tour and perform $10^6$ tours.

When studying random hereropolymers, a double averaging has to be performed
to receive the quantitative value for any observable.
At first,  the conformational averaging is performed over an ensemble of possible conformations of a macromolecule with a
fixed sequence of $A$ and $B$ monomers for a given fraction $c$ value along the chain:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\langle O \rangle
=\frac{\sum_{{\rm conf}} W_N^{{\rm conf}}O } {\sum_{{\rm conf}} W_N^{{\rm conf}}}, \label{R}
\end{eqnarray}
where  $W_N^{{\rm conf}}$ is the weight of an $N$-monomer chain in a given conformation.
The second is the ``sequence average" $\overline{ \langle ... \rangle}$, which is carried out over
different random sequences of $A$ and $B$ monomers for a given $c$ value:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\overline{\langle O \rangle}=\frac{1}{M}\sum_{i{=}1}^M \langle O\rangle_i. \label{avprob}
\end{eqnarray}
Here, $M$ is the number of different sequences and the index $i$ means that a given quantity is calculated for sequence $i$.
Note, that the number of all possible sequences of an $N$-monomer chain at fixed fraction $c$ of $N_A$ monomers, given by
$$M=\frac{N!}{(cN)!(N-(cN)!)},$$ becomes incredibly large with growing of $N$, especially with $c$ close to $0.5$.
In our calculations, we consider up to $M=2500$ random sequences at given fraction $c$;
this, however, leads to reasonable results as is shown by comparison with some phenomenological predictions (see below).
Note, that the case of so-called ``quenched disorder'' is considered,
where the average over different sequences is taken after the configurational average has been performed.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{en14.eps}
\hspace*{0.2cm}
\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{en23.eps}
\hspace*{0.2cm}
\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{en5.eps}
\caption{\label{encoil} The averaged energy per monomer of an $N=100$-monomer heterogeneous chain in the high-temperature
 regime with various types of intramonomer interaction as function of $c$.
Lines are the corresponding results of empirical estimations (\ref{en1})-(\ref{en5}).}
\end{figure}

\section{Results}

Estimates for the averaged energy of heteropolymer models (\ref{mod1})-(\ref{mod5}) can be obtained based on the following
considerations.
Let us introduce the averaged number of nearest-neighbor contacts $p(d)$ for any monomer of a chain, which in $d$ dimensions can be estimated from the empirical relation:
\begin{equation}
z(d) = 2d - 1 - p(d),\label{nn}
\end{equation}
where $z(d)$ is the connectivity constant (averaged number of possibilities to make the next step in a growing SAW trajectory).
For an idealized Gaussian chain, when the trajectory is allowed to cross itself,
 for the case of a regular $d$-dimensional lattice one has $z(d)=2d$. Taking into account self-avoidance effect, one first of all forbids the ``turning back'' of the
 trajectory at each step, which reduces the connectivity constant to the value $2d-1$. Finally, another factor which reduces the connectivity constant at each step due to the self-avoidance effect,
 is the number of nearest sites, already visited by the trajectory (number of contacts with nearest neighbors $p(d)$).
Having a heterogeneous polymer chain in $d=3$ with fixed fraction $c$ (so that $N_A=N\cdot c$, $N_B=N\cdot(1-c)$), we can estimate
the number of  $AA$ nearest-neighbor contacts:
\begin{equation}
n_{AA}=\frac{1}{2}N_A p(d=3)  c=\frac{1}{2}N p(d=3)  c^2,
\end{equation}
the number of  $BB$ nearest-neighbor contacts:
\begin{equation}
n_{BB}=\frac{1}{2}N_B p(d=3)  (1-c)=\frac{1}{2}N p(d=3) (1-c)^2,
\end{equation}
and the number of  $AB$ nearest-neighbor contacts:
\begin{equation}
n_{AB}=N_Ap(d=3)(1-c)=Np(d=3)c(1-c).
\end{equation}
Thus, for the total energies of models (\ref{mod1})-(\ref{mod5}) we have correspondingly:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&E_{{\rm  HP}}=- n_{AA}=-\frac{1}{2}N p(d=3)  c^2,\label{en1}\\
&&E_{{\rm SHP}}=-n_{AA}-n_{BB}+n_{AB}=-2N p(d=3) \left(c^2-c+\frac{1}{4}\right),\label{en2}\\
&&E_{{\rm PA}}=n_{AA}+n_{BB}-n_{AB}=2N p(d=3) \left(c^2-c+\frac{1}{4}\right), \label{en3}\\
&&E_{{\rm  PE}}= n_{AA}=\frac{1}{2}N p(d=3)  c^2,\label{en4}\\
&&E_{{\rm  AS}}=-n_{AA}+n_{BB}= Np(d=3)\left(\frac{1}{2}-c\right)\label{en5}.
\end{eqnarray}

In the high-temperature regime,  the steric self-avoidance effect between monomers plays the only role in determining
the conformational properties of polymers. Thus  taken the known value $z(d=3){=}4.68404(9)$ \cite{Clisby} (which gives
$p(d=3){=}0.31596(9)$ according to (\ref{nn})), we can obtain numerical  estimates for (\ref{en1})-(\ref{en5}).
These expressions perfectly agree with results of our  numerical simulations, see Fig.~\ref{encoil} where the corresponding energies per
 monomer are presented.

With lowering the temperature, the interactions between monomers become essential, and the $p$-values for each model will depend on
the fraction $c$ and temperature $T$. As an example, we present our simulation results for the corresponding energies per
 monomer at $T=4.0$ in Fig.~\ref{encoil_T}. Though for all models the polymer chains are expected to be still in an extended state
(coil regime) at this temperature, the typical conformations they
attain at given $c$ are governed by that nearest-neighbor contact value which minimizes the total
energy. Indeed, for the polyelectrolye model (\ref{mod4}) the most preferable configurations would be those with a small value of nearest-neighbor contacts,
whereas for the  HP model (\ref{mod1}) the largest possible value of $p$ will minimize the total energy.
The values of $p$ for all the models at various $c$-values can be estimated on the basis of data presented in Fig. \ref{encoil_T}
applying expressions (\ref{en1})-(\ref{en5}).

\begin{figure}[t!]
\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{encoil14.eps}
\hspace*{0.2cm}
\includegraphics[width=5.4cm]{encoil23.eps}
\hspace*{0.2cm}
\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{encoil5.eps}
\caption{\label{encoil_T} The averaged energy per monomer of an $N=100$-monomer heterogeneous chain  with
various types of intramonomer interaction as function of $c$ at temperature $T=4.0$. Lines are guides to the eye.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[b!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7.0cm]{enQ=0.7.eps}
\hspace*{1cm}
\includegraphics[width=6.9cm]{enQ=0.2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{\label{ener_total} Averaged energy per one monomer of the heterogeneous polymer chain
 with various types of monomer-monomer interactions as function of temperature at fixed fraction $c=0.7$ and $c=0.2$.}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{ener_total} we present our results for the averaged energies of the $N=100$-monomer heterogeneous chain as function of temperature
at two representative fixed fractions $c=0.7$ and $c=0.2$. At $c=0.7$, the energy of the models $\ref{mod1}$, $\ref{mod2}$, $\ref{mod3}$ and $\ref{mod5}$
decreases monotonically as temperature is lowered and
 sharply falls down within a short temperature interval, indicating the transition from an extended state (coil regime) to a compact state.
 For the polyelectolyte model (\ref{mod4}), however,
one observes only a monotonic decrease of energy, which gradually tends to zero with lowering the temperature, and thus no transition occurs. Moreover,
within the frames of this model, decreasing the energy means decreasing  the averaged number of nearest-neighbor  contacts,
and thus expanding the chain. Thus, unlike the other models, in this case the averaged size of the heteropolymer chain increases with lowering the temperature.
Similar results are found at fixed fraction $c=0.2$. In this case, model (\ref{mod5})
consists mainly of monomers, which repel each other, and thus behaves like the polyelectrolyte (\ref{mod4}):  conformations with a minimum  number of
nearest-neighbor  contacts are energetically preferable, which leads to expanding the chain size with lowering the temperature.
Note also that at small concentration of attractive monomers, the chains can attain the compact state only when they are long enough
and have enough attractive nearest-neighbor contacts to overcome the conformational entropy.

In Fig.~\ref{R_total} our results for the averaged end-to-end distance of the $N=100$-monomer heterogeneous chain as function of temperature are given at the
same two representative fractions $c=0.7$ and $c=0.2$. These results confirm our discussions above. For the case $c=0.7$, one notices
a decrease of the polymer chain size with lowering the temperature (models $\ref{mod1}$, $\ref{mod2}$, $\ref{mod3}$ and $\ref{mod5}$),
which becomes crucial close to the
 transition temperature into the compact state. However,
for the polyelectrolyte (\ref{mod4}) the polymer chain is expanding its size  with lowering the temperature due to repulsion between monomers, and the
polymer chain remains
in an extended state at any temperature. At  $c=0.2$, the size of the polymer chain of model (\ref{mod5}) increases even stronger than that of a polyelectrolyte due to the considerably larger amount of mutually repelling monomers; in both cases the polymer
chain remains in an extended state at any temperature.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\includegraphics[width=7.1cm]{RRQ=0.7.eps}
\hspace*{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=7.1cm]{RRQ=0.2.eps}
\caption{\label{R_total} Averaged end-to-end distance of the heterogeneous polymer chain with various types of monomer-monomer interactions as function of temperature at fixed fraction $c=0.7$ and $c=0.2$. }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[b!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7.3cm]{2crosQ=0.7.eps}
\hspace*{0.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=7.3cm]{3crosQ=0.7.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{\label{cros} Averaged end-to end distance of a heterogeneous polymer chain  divided by number of monomers as function of temperature
at fraction $c=0.7$ at various values of $N$ from 68 up to 100.}
\end{figure}

To obtain a  quantitative description of conformational transitions from extended to compact states in models (\ref{mod1})-(\ref{mod5}),
we study the ratio  $\overline{\langle R_e^2 \rangle}/N$ for various $N$ and fixed fraction $c$
as function of temperature (Fig. \ref{cros}).
Assuming that the collapse of heteropolymers is through the $\Theta$-transition similar to
homogeneous polymers, we expect $\overline{\langle R_e^2 \rangle}\sim N$ at the $\Theta$-point,
and thus the curves intersect in the vicinity of the transition temperature (the larger $N$, the steeper the curves). Despite the slight dependence of
the intersection points on $N$, we can locate the crossover temperature.
If at some $T$ and $c$ values the curves do not intersect, there is no phase transition and the polymer is in an extended state
at any temperature.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{HP_diag.eps}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{SHP_diag.eps}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{PA_diag.eps}
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{AS_diag.eps}
\caption{\label{diagram}Phase diagrams of heterogeneous polymer chain in $T$-$c$ space. (a): model (1), (b): model (2), (c): model (3), (d): model (5). The polyelectrolyte model (\ref{mod4})
always stays in the extended state and does not exhibit any phase transition.}
\end{figure}

As a result, we obtain the phase diagrams, presented in Fig. \ref{diagram}.
Note, that within the frames of polyelectolyte model (\ref{mod3}) the polymer chain is always in an extended state
at any temperature and fraction $c$ value,
thus we do not construct any phase diagram for this model. In the
limiting case $c=1$, the  models (\ref{mod1}), (\ref{mod2}) and (\ref{mod5})
describe homogeneous  polymer chains with nearest-neighbor attractions (for model 2 also $c=0$) with known value of transition temperature $T_{\Theta}=3.717(3)$ \cite{Grassberger97}.
For the symmetrized HP model (\ref{mod2}), the $\Theta$-transition is present always at any value of $c$,
whereas the other models remain in the extended state when
the concentration of attracting monomers is too small to cause a transition into the compact state. The results for the polyampholyte model (\ref{mod3}) are in a good agreement with those obtained previously in Ref. \cite{Kantor94}.

\section{Conclusions}

We studied the conformational properties of heteropolymers in $d=3$ dimensions within the frames of
a lattice model containing  $N_A$ monomers of type $A$ and $N_B=N-N_A$ monomers of type $B$.
Restricting ourselves  to only short-range interactions between any pair of monomers residing on neighboring lattice sites
that are not connected by a covalent bond, we considered several  generalizations (\ref{mod1})-(\ref{mod5}) of this model.
In particular,  model (\ref{mod1}) refers to the (minimal) HP model \cite{Lau89} with hydrophobic ($A$) and hydrophilic ($B$) monomers,
(\ref{mod2}) is the standard model for copolymers with monomers that have a tendency to segregate \cite{Sfatos97},
cases (\ref{mod3}) and (\ref{mod4}) stand correspondingly for polyampholytes  \cite{Kantor94} and polyelectrolytes \cite{Tanford61,Dobrynin04} with
strongly screened Coulomb interactions. Case (\ref{mod5})
can be considered as additional generalization of above models, comprising an interplay between different kinds of short-range interactions.

In the present work, we extended the picture, developed in Ref. \cite{Kantor94} for the polyampholyte model (\ref{mod3})  to the whole
range of cases (\ref{mod1})-(\ref{mod5}); namely, we treat different sequences of $A$ and $B$ monomers at given fixed fraction $c$ (ranging from 0 to 1)
as different realizations of quenched disorder, and obtained observables of interest after performing double conformation and sequence averaging.
Applying the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth chain-growth algorithm (PERM) we analyzed numerically the peculiarities of transitions
from the extended into the compact state as a function of the fraction $c\equiv N_A/N$ for all the heteropolymer chain models,
and obtained the diagrams of phase coexistence in $c$-$T$ space.

For the polyelectrolyte model (\ref{mod4}),  unlike the other cases, the polymer chain is expanding its size
with lowering the temperature due to repulsion between monomers, and the
polymer chain remains in an extended state at any temperature.
In the symmetrized HP model (\ref{mod2}), the $\Theta$-transition is present always at any value of the fraction $c$, whereas the
other models remain in an extended state when the concentration of attracting monomers is too small to cause a transition into the compact state.
Note also that at small concentration of attractive monomers, the chains can attain the compact state only when they are long enough
and have enough attractive nearest-neighbor contacts to overcome the conformational entropy.
In the limiting case $c=1$, the HP model (\ref{mod1}), the symmetrized HP model (\ref{mod2}) and  model (\ref{mod5}) describe homogeneous  polymer
chains with nearest-neighbor attractions  (for model 2 also $c=0$)
with known value of the transition temperature $T_{\Theta}=3.717(3)$ \cite{Grassberger97}.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
This work was supported by an Institute Partnership grant of the
 Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. W.J. acknowledges support by
 DFG Sonderforschungs\-bereich SFB/TRR 102 (Project B04) and
 S\"achsische DFG Forschergruppe FOR877 under Grant No.\ JA 483/29-1.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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West End International have produced many concert stagings of some of the world's greatest and best loved operas including MADAMA BUTTERFLY, AIDA, LA BOHEME, IL TROVATORE, DIE FLEDERMAUS and THE MERRY WIDOW. In addition to this, we have also produced concerts containing operatic highlights as well as several star concerts with artists such as Montserrat Caballé, Wilhelmenia Fernandez and Barbara Hendricks.
The operatic highlights concerts have four soloists of international renown and are performed with a symphony orchestra and optional chorus.
The full operas in concert are performed with the prescribed number of cast members and are presented as staged concerts.