While the piece of omnibus legislation is well-known to close observers of the hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") issue -- especially the "Halliburton Loophole" -- lesser known is another blessing bestowed upon shale gas and tight oil drillers: near zero-percent interest rates for debt accrued during the capital-intensive oil and gas production process.
In response to the economic crisis and near collapse of the global economy, the Federal Reserve dropped interest rates to between 0 percent and .25 percent on December 16, 2008, a record low percentage. It also began its bond-buying program, described in a recent Washington Post article as implemented to provide a "booster shot" to the economy.
"The Federal Reserve will employ all available tools to promote the resumption of sustainable economic growth and to preserve price stability," the Fed stated in a press release announcing the maneuver. "In particular, the [Federal Reserve] anticipates that weak economic conditions are likely to warrant exceptionally low levels of the federal funds rate for some time."
But even with the generous cash flow facilitated by the Fed, annual productivity of many shale gas and tight oil fields have either peaked or are in terminal decline. This was revealed in Post Carbon Institute's recently-published report titled, "Drilling Deeper: A Reality Check on U.S. Government Forecasts for a Lasting Tight Oil & Shale Gas Boom."
Were it not for the Federal Reserve's policy, the ever-accelerating drilling treadmill would likely slow down, making shale oil and gas production a far less lucrative endeavor for oil and gas companies and the financiers bankrolling it.
Some articles in the business press, including in the Houston Chronicle and Bloomberg, speculate the Fed could lift interest rates on debt in 2015. That would sharply hinder many smaller and mid-level independent oil and gas companies.
A June article published in the Houston Chronicle highlighted the heavy reliance drillers have on "junk debt" to stay on the drilling treadmill. That is, the ever-increasing number of wells drilled to keep production numbers flat on a field-by-field basis, measured monthly or annually.
"[T]he gatekeeper of the nation's money supply already has signaled it is planning to end its multibillion-dollar bond-buying program by the end of the year, and then begin to raise short-term interest rates toward historically typical levels from the near-zero rates that helped jump-start the recovery," wrote Chronicle energy reporter Collin Eaton.
That bond-buying program, Bloomberg pointed out, helps frackers to "stay on [the] treadmill." The combination of the end of the bond-buying and raising of interest rates is no small matter for drillers.
"Higher interest rates might make risky new bond issues by shale producers less attractive, and a flight of investor capital could leave the producers short on a commodity even more precious than oil: Cash," explained Eaton.
"What that tells us is it's an operation heavily dependent on debt," Vivendra Chauhan, an analyst for Energy Aspects, told the Chronicle. "Any cash you're bringing in is being consumed by capital expenditures. This becomes a 2015, 2016 story about what happens when interest rates do rise. If they stop lending, you'll get a pullback in production growth."
"We're concerned about what riding out the accelerating treadmill means," Hugh MacMillan, senior researcher for Food and Water Watch and author of the report "The Urgent Case for a Ban on Fracking," told DeSmogBlog.
"It means tens of thousands of new wells each year, for decades, playing out as waves of systematic, widespread and intensive targeting of communities as years go by and as local economies go boom and bust. It means far more climate pollution than we can afford, and it means a legacy of risk to vital sources of drinking water for generations."
"There's a lot of Kool-Aid that's being drunk now by investors," Tim Gramatovich, chief investment officer and founder of Peritus Asset Management LLC, told Bloomberg in an April article.
"People lose their discipline. They stop doing the math. They stop doing the accounting," he continued. "They're just dreaming the dream, and that's what's happening with the shale boom."
"This is a melting ice cube business," Mike Kelly, an energy analyst at Global Hunter Securities, explained to Bloomberg back in April. "If you're not growing production, you're dying."
"The benefits these drilling companies get are the result of a quid-pro-quo system of government. The more they put in, the more the U.S. government puts out," Gibson said. "When you don't have the means to shower Congress with millions in campaign donations or hire armies of lobbyists to rig the rules in your favor, the system will always be stacked against you."


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Nima Mohammadi
When a flash of magic sparks from one person to another, it is called enthusiasm. As happened at this year's CANDULOR KunstZahnWerk competition. One person had already won, the other, like his colleague and friend, wanted to master this manual challenge as well. And so Nima Mohammadi, dental technician in Lower Bavaria's Breitenberg, decided to request the competition documents from CANDULOR and take part.
On four continents: dedicated full dentures
Together with Nima Mohammadi, 120 participants from four continents registered. CANDULOR received 49 competition entries and documentations from 16 nations by the deadline. Some packages had traveled a long distance to take part in the competition and face the international jury of experts with the proposed solution. Prof. Dr. Frauke Müller, Head of the Gerondontology and Removable Prosthetics Division at the University of Geneva, Switzerland acted as Chairwoman. CDT/DTG Arian Deutsch, owner of Deutsch Dental Arts in Surprise (Arizona) had traveled from the USA for this purpose. In 2011, he took part in the international KunstZahnWerk competition and in 2012 he won the KZW competition North America. Support came from Berlin; MDT Andreas Kunz, owner of Andreas Kunz Zahntechnik and an internationally recognized practitioner and speaker. For CANDULOR, DT Martin Koller, in his role as a total prosthetic technician and trainer with heart and soul, took on the responsible task of evaluating the competition work. Nima Mohammadi could hardly believe becoming one of the top-ranked competitors who immediately won this special total prosthetic award.
Fig. 1: 3rd place in the KunstZahnWerk competition 2019 for Nima Mohammadi (Breitenberg, DE)
Prosthetic Challenge 2019
What was it this time that motivated dental technicians all over the world to prove their skills and say "goodbye" to their spare time for a while? This year's competition was based on the case of a relatively young 42-year-old male patient with very good oral hygiene. Due to an accident, the self-employed person had to wear full dentures. However, they hindered his speech and when chewing. Pressure sores in the lower jaw proved to be an additional hindrance. Repeated new dentures treatment did not lead to any improvement. Therefore, the mandible was provided with four Camlog implants for a partially removable lower hybrid restoration. Patient data including specifications for the horizontal condylar path angle (right: 28 °; left: 30 °), for the esthetic control template with instructions for anterior tooth setup, for the hygiene shape of the lower hybrid denture, for the occlusion concept according to GERBER in tooth-to-tooth occlusion and numerous other factors described the requirements.
That's dental technology: taking up on specifications, implementing them functionally, esthetically and creatively
MODEL ANALYSIS
The model was assembled in an articulator suitable for the total prosthetic concept according to Prof. A. GERBER with a double cone as articulator joint. The double cone enables the simulation of physiological movement patterns in lateral and transversal motion sequences in the form of the natural rotary-sliding movement. The Condylator or the CANDULOR articulator CA 3.0 are suitable for this purpose.
The next step was the model analysis according to LERCH. This is generally only performed on models oriented in the articulator to ensure the correct intraoral relationship in transversal and sagittal direction. The objective of the model analysis is to find out in which areas chewing functional loads are reliably transferred to the denture base without causing the lower denture to tilt or slip (advance forwards) and which occlusion design makes sense for this purpose.
In the maxilla, a secure denture support is created within the area of the deepest points of the vestibular fold. In the mandible the internal limit is the mylohyoid line, and in the external area the oblique line. In the maxilla, the center of the alveolar ridge and the incisive papilla are plotted and the metric model centers determined (Fig. 2). In the mandible, the analysis is somewhat more complex. First determine the metric model center and plot it, then mark the entire course of the alveolar ridge centers to its degree, i.e. plot it. (Figs. 3, 4). The lateral and frontal ridge centers are transferred to the model edges, i.e. extended, so that they can be used as orientation lines for the set-up.
Fig. 2: Model analysis: middle of alveolar ridge and center of incisive papilla (in the mandible: tongue frenulum)
Fig. 3: Model analysis: metric model center here on the mandible
Fig. 4: The lower metric model center
To determine the masticatory center, the contour of the alveolar ridge is transferred to the outside left and right of the model using the profile compass. (Fig. 5). At the lowest point of the posterior region, a line is drawn parallel to the Camper's plane with the ruler (Fig. 6). The area of the largest masticatory unit, the masticatory center, is positioned at the intersection of both lines – the lateral ridge contour and the Camper's plane or table level (Fig. 7). To the right and left of the marked masticatory center, a tolerance range with a maximum distance of 2 mm is also plotted with vertical lines. Then the stop line is defined; and no tooth with contact to the antagonist is set up dorsally of the line. This is determined by applying a 22.5° angle measure to the marked masticatory center and the distally located intersection of the angle with the contour of the alveolar ridge where it forms the position of the stop line (Fig. 8).
Fig. 5: Transfer of the lower alveolar ridge contour with the profile compass
Fig. 6: Point of intersection between the lateral contour of the alveolar ridge and Camper's or the plane of occclusion
Fig. 7: Position of the largest masticatory unit (masticatory center)
Fig. 8: Stop line and tolerance ranges for the sagittal position of the largest masticatory unit
SETUP OF THE UPPER ANTERIOR TEETH
For the setup with PhysioStar NFC+ anterior teeth, a silicone key is first fabricated from the provided esthetic control template. All markings of the esthetic control template, such as occlusal plane, midline, canine points, smile line, maximum vestibular position of the posterior buccal surfaces are transferred to this (Fig. 9). Teeth 11 and 21 are now positioned so that their cutting edges are flush with the anterior edge of the silicone key and the central line is perpendicular between the two centers (Figs. 10, 11). If the two central incisors are in the correct position, the two upper canines are positioned such that their tips point to the canine marking, whereby their labial axes are positioned slightly mesial. In the proximal view they are inclined inwards with their cutting edges and outwards with the neck of the tooth. To achieve a natural-looking "deviation", teeth 12 and 22 are slightly twisted and positioned slightly higher incisally than the middle incisors (Fig. 12).
Fig. 9: Silicone key of the esthetic control template, transfer of data
Fig. 10 and 11: Alignment of the central line on the silicone key
Fig. 12: Canine tooth positions aligned on the silicone key
SETUP OF THE LOWER ANTERIOR TEETH
The two central lower incisors, 31 and 41, touch the incisor pointer with their mesial edge at the level of the rubber of plane of occlusion. Their vestibular surfaces touch the front edge of the silicone key to reflect the shape of the lower lip support as determined on the patient using the esthetic control template (Figs. 13, 14, 15).
Overbite and overjet depend on several factors. A well-known rule of thumb is that the overbite and the sagittal step are 1 mm each. Rules of thumb imply a solution based on average values that may be correct, but do not have to be. Here, only the dentist can determine correct physiological information relating to the case on the patient and provide this to the laboratory in the form of the esthetic control template and the silicone key fabricated there (Figs. 16, 17).
Position teeth 42 and 32 with their incisal edges traversing the rubber band and their vestibular surfaces touching the silicone key. The tips of the lower canines, teeth 33 and 43, protrude about 0.5 mm above the rubber band. Their axis is slightly inclined mesially, their mostly distal cutting edge contour is aligned with the static lines.
Fig. 13, 14, 15 and 17: Setup of teeth 31 and 41
Fig. 16: Overjet reconstructed according to the silicone key
SETUP OF THE LOWER POSTERIOR TEETH
These are set up according to the GERBER method in tooth-to-tooth relationship. Posterior teeth such as the Condyloform II NFC+, which have a very pronounced centric fossa in the lower jaw and correspondingly large support cusps in the upper jaw according to the mortar-pestle principle are appropriate for this purpose. One starts with teeth 34 and 44. Their buccal cusps positioned on the static line and slightly protrude above the plane of occlusion (Figs. 18, 19, 20). Their axes are slightly inclined distally. Teeth 35 and 45 are positioned such that both cusps are at the level of the plane of occclusion (Fig. 21). Their central fissure is positioned on the static line and their axes are also slightly inclined to distal. Due to the spatial conditions, the first lower molars, 36 and 46, were placed after the second lower premolars. The first lower molars each stand on the static line with their central fossa in the area of the marking of the masticatory center (Fig. 22). Viewed from buccal, the mesial cusps are positioned at the level of the the plane of occclusion, the distal cusps slightly above (Fig. 23). In this case, the determined stop line did not allow the setting up of second lower molars.
Fig. 18: Buccal cusps of the lower first premolars extend slightly above the occlusal plane ...
Fig. 19: … and are positioned on the static line
Fig. 20: Tooth-to-tooth relationship of the first premolars
Fig. 21: Teeth 35 and 45 are at the level of the occlusal plane with both cusps
Fig. 22: The central fossa of the lower first molars are positioned on the course of the static line in the position of the masticatory center
Fig. 23: Viewed from buccal, the mesial cusps are positioned at the level of the plane of occclusion, the distal cusps slightly above
SETUP OF THE UPPER POSTERIOR TEETH
Next, the upper posterior teeth are set up. Here one starts with teeth 14 and 24, which occlude with teeth 34 and 44 in a tooth-to-tooth relationship. Their axes are slightly inclined distally. The buccal cusps of the lower antagonists (1:1 relationship!) each have contact in the mesial fossa of the upper premolars. The palatal cusps may have slight contact with the distal ones (Fig. 24).
Teeth 15 and 25 are set up vertically or with minimal distal inclination (Fig. 25). However, the buccal cusps must not have any contact here (Fig. 26). Their palatal support cusps occlude in the fossa of teeth 35 and 45 (Fig. 27). When setting up teeth 16 and 26, care must also be taken that the buccal cusps are not in contact and that the mesiopala-tal support cusps occlude exactly into the fossae of the antagonists as central static support (Figs. 28-31). Excursion movements are only ground in after completion as a matter of principle. However, the centric or static contacts must already exist clearly and, if necessary, be ground in.
Fig. 24: According to GERBER: the buccal cusps of teeth 34 and 44 occlude in the antagonist
Fig. 25: Buccal position of teeth 15 or 25
Fig. 26: No buccal contact of the second upper premolars
Fig. 27: Support of teeth 15 and 25 only via the palatal cusps
Fig. 28: Tooth-to-tooth relationship
Fig. 29: Occlusal support of teeth 16 and 26 only palatal
Fig. 30: Static stops top
Fig. 31: Static stops bottom
MUSCLE-GRIPPING DENTURE BODIES
The denture bodies are modeled in a muscle-gripping manner. To this purpose, labial shields for the mouth ring muscle are fabricated in the top and bottom of the anterior region. In the posterior region, buccinator supports are created and the pull line direction (under muscle activity) of the cheek frenulum is tightened. The transitions from the teeth to the gingiva should not be too bulging and undercut ("pockets"), but rather more rounded and smooth at an obtuse angle.
FRAMEWORK FABRICATION LOWER HYBRID DENTURE
After completing the wax-up of the lower restoration, it is removed from the model and the scanbodies are screwed onto the implants. Then the model and the counter-bite (model with wax set-up) are scanned. Once the implant positions have been determined, the scanbodies are removed and the lower wax setup is placed on the model again and also scanned. Both models are then placed back in the articulator and the jaw relation is scanned. Once all the scans have been completed, one switches to the design software and constructs the metal framework (Figs. 32-34), which was then sent to Camlog (Dedicam) as a data set here. After receipt, the framework milled there is checked for surface quality and tension-free fit.
Fig. 32: Scan with scanbodies
Fig. 33: Scan with situation and/or wax set-up
Fig. 34: Designed framework with screw channels
The metal construction is sandblasted and silanized. Then opaquer is applied. Once these steps have been completed, the wax-up is placed on the model and prepared for completion in the flask and then embedded. (Fig. 35). After the plaster has set, the flask is heated and opened. The softened wax can then be removed. The model is then steamed with clean, boiling water; the same applies to the teeth (Fig. 36). The basal contact surfaces of the teeth with the resin are roughened with a carbide cutter. Once the teeth have been placed back into the flask, they were conditioned basally with a silane. Prior to implementation in resin, the lower model was sufficiently watered for approx. 15 minutes, separated (Fig. 37) and the framework screwed on.
Fig. 35: Embedded wax-up of the upper full denture
Fig. 36: Teeth after steaming with clear boiling water
Fig. 37: Separating plaster versus resin
IMPLEMENTATION IN RESIN
Before applying the resin and starting pressing, the components of the denture base resin are dosed, mixed and its swelling phase observed (Fig. 38). Shade 34 was chosen for the base. Shade 34 - mixed with a little yellow and white from the Aesthetic Intensive Colors range - was used in the area of the papillae and the modeled alveolar mounds. For the vestibular shield and the labial frenulum, shade 34 was mixed with RED, BROWN, BLUE and PINK and applied during the modeling phase of the resin in the sequence "papillae - lip shield - base". This meant first applying the resin mixture for the papillae thinly around the teeth with a spatula up to about 1/3 of the distance from the neck of the tooth.
In the second step, the resin for the vestibular shield was applied to the resin mixture for the papillae up to the vestibular fold. Nevertheless, the required mixing of both components for proper polymerization always has priority.
In the final step, the resin for the denture base in shade 34 was applied to the model and the teeth, then the flask was closed and placed in the press. After about 5 minutes under pressure, the bracket around the flask was closed tightly and placed in the pressure pot for 30 minutes. After completion of polymerization, divestment was performed. The models with the finished resin work were placed back into the articulator so that the static stops could be corrected and the excursion movements could be ground in.
Fig. 38: Preparation for completion in resin: everything was at hand, with cold-curing resin it is always best to cool both components
CENTRIC OCCLUSION
The first step is to focus on static or centric contacts. Should these not be present optimally after conversion into resin, they are ground in with a spherical diamond.
DYNAMIC OCCLUSION
After the centric stops, this is followed by dynamic occlusion, starting with laterotrusion. It is ground in by first unlocking both articulator joints and moving the support pin transversally on the support pin plate until the buccal cusps or the incisal edges of the canines are positoned above each other. It is important here that there is no canine guidance, as the buccal cusps would otherwise be relieved. With the aid of a green occlusion foil, laterotrusion was ground into the lingual cusp slopes of the lower posterior teeth. Due to the inverse mortar-pestle principle, the first premolars must be excluded from this. In the next step, the protrusion was checked with blue occlusion foil with the joints unlocked, and any interfering early contacts in the anterior region were removed. If there are excessively steep protrusion facets in the posterior region, they must also be removed. To grind in the retrusion, the locking screw provided for this purpose must be loosened on the articulator to simulate this short dorsally directed physiological movement, which is performed during swallowing.
Following static and dynamic grinding of the occlusion, fine diamond grinders were used to restore the occlusal contours of the teeth from an anatomical point of view. To finish the denture bodies, these were removed from the models and machined with fine carbide cutters. First, the tongue, lip and cheek frenula were exposed so that the prostheses were not lifted under muscle activity and associated tightening (Fig. 39). The denture was then finished according to anatomical aspects using different, finely serrated cutter shapes, particularly in the area of the replicated alveolar mounds (Fig. 40). It is important here that as little grinding as possible is performed in the transition from tooth to gingiva, as this area cannot always be optimally polished without damaging the tooth surfaces. Pockets between the tooth and gingiva should also be avoided, as patients may have problems keeping these clean and food residues and concrements may accumulate. A slightly rounded smooth transition is optimal. Before the denture was polished to a high gloss, the surface was stippled with rose burs (Figs. 41, 42). Then it was pre-polished with pumice stone and various brushes and finally polished to a high gloss with polishing paste and a buff.
Fig. 39: Exposure of the frenula in their pull direction
Fig. 40: Fine-grinding of the alveolar mounds
Fig. 41 and 42: After "stippling"
Articulator
Articulator CA 3.0 (CANDULOR)
Modeling wax
AESTHETIC Wax (CANDULOR)
Modeling wax for color characterization
AESTHETIC Color Wax (CANDULOR)
Iso-K (CANDULOR)
Denture resin
AESTHETIC BLUE (CANDULOR)
Gingiva characterization
AESTHETIC Intensive Colors (CANDULOR)
Prosthetic teeth
PhysioStar NFC+ / Condyloform II NFC+ (CANDULOR)
Implant system
Comfour System (Camlog)
NPM (Camlog/Dedicam)
CANDULOR PRODUCTS USED
Articulator CA 3.0
Three-dimensional movement for functional prosthetics.
Aesthetic Wax
AESTHETIC WAX is the result of many years of experience in the denture field.
Aesthetic Color Wax
For the individual characterization of the wax model.
ISO-K
ISO-K is an alginate-based separating liquid.
Aesthetic Blue
The resin for natural and functional dentures.
Aesthetic Color Set Easy
Customized for the patient to achieve natural and unique authenticity.
Perfected by masters.
Nima Mohammadi Dental technician
3rd place at the CANDULOR KunstZahnWerk Competition
Since October 2000
Employed in the dental laboratory Kornexl in Breitenberg
with focus on prosthetics / combination technique
Training as dental technician in Passau
To the overview of specialist articles >

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Indicators on Gunsmoke You Should Know
June 18, 2019, 6:44 am / jasperercmw.thezenweb.com
Jason devotes himself to dance competitions and forbids his crew-mates from committing crimes, but returns to crime following the crew suffers continual failures; Michael attempts to lure Jason to Australia to operate a dance crew, only to discover that Jason has presently been soul-looking and needs to locate a further which means in life, and so is easily certain to take part in the examine. Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason satisfy in Australia, but to Michael's dismay, the Lousy Place sends Trevor to engage in the study.
[2] "The Dimension X Story" was evidently meant to be the very first episode on the CBS operate, as many other episodes which aired just before it from equally the syndication and CBS episodes consult with the Technodrome currently being trapped in lava, but wound up airing very late inside the season.
A large-time Hollywood action movie star arrives in New York to advertise his most recent movie. Sadly, actuality hits hard for Michelangelo as he discovers that his movie idol is not all he is cracked up to be. In the meantime, Shredder and Krang steal a substance which will provide inanimate objects to life.
He arrives on Earth trying to find the Turtles' assist in safeguarding his property planet from various threats. Kerma's voice and persona are very similar to that of Jiminy Cricket.
Shredder gains possession of the historic ninja sword that is certainly crafted from an alien metal, allowing for it to 'Slice' through dimensions.
From the Good Place "correspondence center," the team's arrival alerts postal worker Gwendolyn. Michael poses being a neutral Accountant. Everyone from the Good Place is nice, unsuspicious, and dedicated to obeying procedures. A committee takes Michael's issues seriously, but to his dismay they intend to devote four hundred yrs just selecting investigators. Eleanor tries and fails to breach a doorway in to the Good Place appropriate, and then Chidi makes a passionate to start with date for her. She cries more than her sophisticated emotions, and pulls Chidi right into a closet for sex.
We then noticed Eleanor attempting but failing to understand from her mistakes, right before getting given a nudge by Michael here in the proper route. She then flies to find Chidi, and we are able to read more presume the exact same could possibly happen with Tahani and Jason in season 3.
Neither Mirage Studios nor Viacom, The existing proprietor from the franchise, very own the rights into the 1987 television series, so Lionsgate and Fred Wolf are certainly not below any obligation to inform them of long run releases.[28] Some reruns had been shown for British isles audiences on BBC weekday mornings (although they were primarily all from seasons two and three).
Casting to the show took place in Los Angeles. All through recording of the voice performing, all the principle Solid recorded collectively.
Michael and Janet spy on their human good friends to get a year, manipulating them to be here certain they stay jointly and concentrate on their own venture: they offer Eleanor an $18,000-successful lottery ticket so she is not going to take time away for just a career; reconnect Tahani with her Australian ex-boyfriend Larry (an accomplished but insecure Hemsworth brother); support Jason satisfy community Jaguars fans; and supply Chidi with state-of-the-art training machines. When Tahani decides to maneuver to London with now-fiancé Larry, Chidi concludes the group must disband so he can get started researching new members.
Note: The primary screensaver of the animated series was extended from read more the 1st check here into the 4th Element of the season and sideseason in getaway in Europe
For anyone who is a supporter of each you'll like this. There are numerous skipped prospects and jokes that didn't land (consequently the rating) but in general, it was a terrific film to watch. I loved it.
Now the turtles must operate collectively to be a group to take on new enemies that come up to take about New York City.
Donatello (voiced by Rob Paulsen) – Donatello, identified as "Donnie" for short, is in control of the look and manufacture of every one of the resources and weapons in the Turtles' arsenal.
Comments on "Indicators on Gunsmoke You Should Know"


Rating: 5 4 3 2 1 4.4/5 from 3890 votes.
Starting Start Finishing Roock can be very useful guide, and Starting Start Finishing Roock play an important role in your products. The problem is that once you have gotten your nifty new product, the Starting Start Finishing Roock gets a brief glance, maybe a once over, but it often tends to get discarded or lost with the original packaging.


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Q: MySQLi count(*) always returns 1 I'm trying to count the number of rows in a table and thought that this was the correct way to do that:
$result = $db->query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `table`;");
$count = $result->num_rows;

But counts always returns (int)1. If I use the same query in phpMyAdmin I get the right result. It sits in a table so I tried testing $count[0] as well, but that returns NULL.
What is the right way to do this?

A: I find this way more readable:
$result = $mysqli->query('select count(*) as `c` from `table`');
$count = $result->fetch_object()->c;
echo "there are {$count} rows in the table";

Not that I have anything against arrays...

A: Always try to do an associative fetch, that way you can easy get what you want in multiple case result
Here's an example
$result = $mysqli->query("SELECT COUNT(*) AS cityCount FROM myCity")
$row = $result->fetch_assoc();
echo $row['cityCount']." rows in table myCity.";

A: You have to fetch that one record, it will contain the result of Count()
$result = $db->query("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `table`");
$row = $result->fetch_row();
echo '#: ', $row[0];

A: $result->num_rows; only returns the number of row(s) affected by a query. When you are performing a count(*) on a table it only returns one row so you can not have an other result than 1.

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text:
Offtopic Discussions
My journey into atheism and theories on life
Thread starter SNESFAN
SNESFAN
Retro game fanatic
Fort Knox, KY. USA
Let me start off by saying, I have no real outlet for this because I live in the bible belt of america (very christian mindset) so all my friends and work colleagues are not at the same intellectual level as I am or so devoted in their theism that I would be shunned as a heretic for my questioning of a deity. Let me also say this isn't to stir up attention or be a outcast or anything of that nature, not to prove anyone is right or wrong, just my own personal exploration of the workings of the world. Feel free to comment or post your own ideals, this isn't meant to start a flamewar and if you have opposing viewpoints please be respectful to my own beliefs and others and I will do the same for you. I already plan for this to also be a very long writing and my writing style is stream of consciousness which I hear may be very difficult to follow from someone other than the writer to read, I will proof read and put edits in before posting but just be forewarned this is just a jumbling of thoughts over the past couple years.
I was raised a roman catholic and went to church regularly until my mid teens, I never had religion forced upon me, but I was only raised in the same manner in which my parents were raised. We were taught to believe in god and jesus as a savior and respect all things sacred and holy. I attended a expensive catholic school until about 3rd grade at which time financial reasons and differences in ideas saw to it that I attend public school. I was diagnosed with ADHD as a child and was put on medication until puberty at which point the symptoms faded away. I would get up and walk out of class, rock in my chair during lectures and do other attention based things. I was so obviously unlike my peer group at the time that there was indeed a problem. I have no problem with all that now and this isn't about the validity of the diagnosis of ADHD but the church at the time said that I was, and I quote "possessed by demons" this was in the early 80's before the widespread knowledge of ADHD apparently. But whatever, parents called shenanigans and I went to public school, although still attending the same church regularly, but only during normal services, not daily as before. What I take from it is a deep understanding of how catholicism "works" and how it differs from other christian denominations. Later in life, around adulthood, I was encouraged to find my own path. My parents beliefs are only a template to make the best decision possible for myself. Religion, as be definition, are one's own beliefs, effecting none other than yourself. That's a background on my religious upbringings and the start of my quest to the truth.
So I began my journey as a non-practicing, non-denominational christian. Believing only what I was taught, but at the presentation of how insanely large amount of denominations there are out there it quickly became a issue of "if this way is right, is every other way wrong?" There are literally 40,000 recorded christian derivatives, each with their own minor all the way up to major variances. Each believing their way is correct, and other ways are wrong. So surely a blending of all of them must be the correct answer, "it's the point that matters" right? The differences are just people's interpretations on the same thing... ya know... basically. That went on for several years then I joined the US army. During my time served one of my best buddies was a chaplain's assistant. This was a huge eye opener for me, before this time I knew lightly of different parts of the world had different religious views. Hindus and buddists, in the east, muslims and jews in the middle east, I know I'm leaving out other major groups, but the those are the ones I was most interested in. He having to assist a man of faith was well versed in all the different types of religions out there. He himself was actually a wiccan which I found to be insanely interesting as well.
So my eyes were open to the possibility of different forms of religion other than a christian based one. All the billions of people on this planet all currently... and wait...the past. So that's another thing that entered my mind. All the different forms of religion predating "current" religions. Mayans, and aztecs, egyptians and greeks, native americans and all the rest. Every single person who has ever lived has at one time or another thought about the existence of a deity of some sort. Their beliefs range from atheists believing in no religion all the way up to believing so strongly in their god that they are willing to kill thousands if not millions to protect their beliefs or convert the non-believers or wipe them off the planet because of their beliefs. So this raises the next inevitable question, if you're right, how can so so so so many people be wrong. And how do you know you're right? And what's the cost if you're wrong? That's the day I became an agnostic. (believing in the existence of a deity, but not quite sure which one)
So my journey branched off into a newer more "correct" way of gathering as much information as I could about all possibilities. Just trying to find out which one is the right path to choose. What I was looking for was in no uncertain terms, impossible to find; Proof. Being a tangle and calculating person, I want things you can quantify, identify, observe, deduce, etc. Largely, other than things that have scientific reasoning behind them, have been unable to find even the slightest bit of evidence to point in the right direction. Miracles are only in books with no science showing they are true supernatural occurrences. The correlation behind when the majority of when the miracles happened seems to be in direct disproportion to time as it passed and when technology advanced. Also considering the ability to actually record a miracle happening with easy access to video recorders and the sheer exponential growth of people on the planet in the last couple decades compared to when they were happening quite often paints a entirely different picture of the existence of such a supernatural force.
So unable to find any "real" evidence to which to believe in, I was directed to the definition of faith. Faith being belief without proof. That is an extremely hard pill to swallow. I didn't like it, but eventually I did swallow it, faith it is. Maybe the deity whomever he/she it/they may be, may have created everything but may not either by choice or design have any direct influence on the individual lives of it's followers or non-believers. More like an executive of a company, rarely seen or heard, but guides everything from behind the scenes. Ok, easier pill to swallow, lets go with that one then. That seems to be the most plausible answer. But that raises the next question... if no proof, and only by faith, then how did the religion come to be?
Well, that's the $10,000 question right there. By the way, questioning only seems to lead to more questions until this point, but I think this one takes the cake. How did religions form? Well, the root of christians, jews, and muslims all spawn from the same "root" religion. Different profits, yet different versions of the same "god". Also Different holy books written by man with knowledge given to them from god. Well, that's the thing, most people in the times of the inception of those religions weren't able to read or write. Materials to do so were also extremely cost prohibitive and hard to come by. The distribution of wealth and along with it education, was also way more lopsided to the extremely few with the knowledge or ability to do so. Clergymen and men of faith were the ones who wrote and maintained those books. Cities, towns, and villages were also ran with these people in close relation to the royalties and kings of their times. Those holy books appear from the outside looking in, as a way to explain questions the uneducated may have, or rule set in which to live by. Seems to fall in line with the agenda of a ruling body to keep the hearts and minds of their people on the straight and narrow. They all basically have the same message on how to conduct yourself as an individual to help keep social order. Very intelligent people wrote these books, I will give them that. And the answers to most people's core fundamental questions have answers that still hold some truth thousands of years later, there is something to be said by that.
So holy books are guidelines and laws it seems, each with their own consequences in the physical and spiritual realms with interesting stories interweaved to help validate those rules and give answers to more of life's biggest questions. Honestly its' a great way to run a society, occasionally someone from the outside might present a different theology that conflicts with your own, and the answer originally was to get rid of the thing that would shake the fabric of what was making your society thrive. The answer (from a lord or king's perspective) is to eliminate the threat, thus, holy wars. There are extreme cases where manual death is even written into the ruleset for non-believers, and weaker instances where one's soul will simply pay the price for believing in one god over another. This isn't isolated to just christians, muslims or jews, almost every other religion in history (maybe buddhists is excluded from this, it's my weaker known religion) have similar policies to handle these sorts of situations. So point 1, religion is invented to keep social order and a guideline on how to win the game of life, written by kings of old, with spiritual leaders by their side, all very wise, wealthy, and intelligent people. "cream of the crop" of humanity if you will. Not a waist of time by any means.
Alright, so found a nick in the armor, this is also where things start to go south very quickly for theism in general for me, and where I ramp up my questions even more than before. Things are getting more confusing than ever for me, even thought I think I have found my first actual solid piece of the puzzle which we call life. That's only where the fun begins I find out. I start questioning the stories of christian upbringing, and the roots shared between all the religions. Start comparing explanations of how the world works before the age of science and answers with those "failed" religions of times before a basic understanding of how the world works. Greeks, egyptians, mayans, native americans their their polytheism and their conjured answers for how the sun worked had a god in charge of taking it across the sky, epic battles between the gods explains the chaos that is weather, diseases, birth and death. All of it explained in epic and entertaining stories. That is until it has been proven inaccurate to how things work. Now just entertaining, not to be taken seriously. Monotheism, believing one god controls everything from a executive standpoint, is much harder to disprove with science and gives more vague "1,000 ft view" unprovable explanations to the same questions. These are probably why they are still around to this day, innocent until proven guilty.
My biggest question, is where did we come from. This is the funnest answer and the people that explain it and stick to word of god is quite a difficult one to get an answer for. Mainly, it happened so long ago, there's literally no way to prove or disprove anything. Neither science or religion has any substantial evidence as to "where it all began". The big bang theory is a really good one, but the idea of literally nothing existed, not even time before it all started is a hard one to wrap your mind around. It is also the point most theists will point to when explaining the inexplicable. I've looked extremely deeply into this point to find out some rather intense ideas, I'll do my best to explain.
Time and matter have a direct relation to one another and time and space are also effected by gravity. Time moves faster out in orbit and deep space than it does on earth because gravity slows down time. A point of denser mass would have extremely slow and if not stopped time for the bodies closest to it. Perception of time is what is most important, for you would not feel as if you are moving slower, it's the bodies further away would just perceive you as moving slower the more gravity you had effecting you. You would observe them as move very fast. Speed also has a relation to time as well, the faster you're moving the slower everything else will appear, and the faster you would appear to them. With the speeds obtainable in man made vehicles the difference is insignificant. It's only when getting close to the speed of light where it starts to become noticeable. The same rule applies for perception there as well but in reverse to a higher density of matter. Just remember dense slow, speed fast.
So this 4th demention thing is kind of a weird thing to wrap your mind around. Your perception is different than an insect's time, and your dog or cat's, my perception is different from yours, me as a child's perception is different than me as an adult and so on. Measurable time is variable as well depending on your speed and gravity effecting you. It's important to remember that. Anyway, so back to the big bang. Every single ounce of universe, planets, stars, matter, sound, light, energy and time (perception or measure) and just freaking everything in the entire universe was at one point condensed to the inconceivably small spec of basically nothing existing at a point much smaller than an atom where time had literally stopped. Time didn't exist, therefore there was no "before" the big bang. Then all of a sudden, explosively burst further and further away from it's self, spreading mass, and energy, and just shit everywhere. and as the point became less dense that time began to expand from that single point. There was no before, no time had passed until it came from the big bang as there wasn't anything for there to be time in. To think of it in geometry, we measure from just the point of origin on a ray, not a line. A line would imply there was a "before" the big bang. Ok pretty confusing, but if I think about it quite a bit (years) it eventually made perfect sense. But it doesn't answer what initiated that, so, where did "it" come from?
That is the most solid argument a theist has, explain where everything (the big bang) came from. For which there is not a defined answer. However if you look at the subatomic level, in the fabric that makes up an atom there is the theory of quarks and also string theory. String theory is what converts energy to mass and is still being worked out all the specifics to how that works, it's very interesting stuff there if this kind of stuff interests you you should read up. So sub atomic particles, things we can actually observe (or at least observe the reaction on other things) have some very some strange properties. One of which is directly in line with where the question of "where did the first it come from?" Well, these quarks, believe it or not, "pop" in and out of existence. Yes, you've read that right. They go somewhere else, then come back. Maybe the same ones, "disappear" from our observation, then "reappear" either where they went from, or come back somewhere else. They do not obey the laws of physics. Protons also have a non physics restricted property where they can be in multiple places at the same instant, choosing the "path of least resistance" I know you've heard that term before. Well, that's how that's possible. They try both paths simultaneously and end up at the point that is least restrictive, passing through other matter and whatnot. Mind=blown. Ok so, back to quarks, they just disappear and reappear right? Well where the F do they go? That's the question. That might be where the answer to where everything came from. Probably the same place.
Follow-on question would then be... "ok, well what created this other non-observable place" This kind of question could go on and on and theists believe this the the irrefutable evidence that god exists. Well, I fell that actual measurable answer is better answer than some "an entity that may or may not be totally fictional will'd it into existence" Like I said, vague answer to this question that is impossible to disprove. It is intriguing even after all this time it's still hold ground as being a possibility though, but as more and more is discovered, the "true" answer seems closer and closer. And less and less "unknown therefore god" answers will be answered with it's (not even theory, not enough evidence) claim that just because you don't have all the answers you don't have any. The only problem being, there's no way to say that the universe it's self doesn't have the same properties as a god and just "always was" like god is susposed to be. The big bang we're in right now may just be one of many consecutive big bangs ever condensing, blowing apart and condensing once more, multiple universes, multiple dimensions, just lots of possible answers that couldn't even been fathomed in the time those holy books were written. But is so brilliantly summed up in that little 3 letter word... yea...
I'm not going to get into the mathematical impossibilities of stories of noah's arch and question some of the more "figurative and meaningful" stories were god tells people to kill their children, burning bushes, talking snakes, parting of seas, resurrection from the dead and whatnot. There are some that try to defend those stories as gospel, but other even devoted theists that use the additional stories as a guidelines as which to live their life and to entertain as it would be a rather boring book where it was just a list of what to do and the consequences of what happens if you don't. Literal meaning of some of those stories may be completely non-relevant or true for that matter in today's society.
Ok, so back to a fundamental question, the world and universe and everything inside it appears so magically surgically placed, it can't possibly just be by accident. "were we placed here with divine intervention" A fundamental view shared by basically all religions with different explanations on how it actually happened. Ok, so the specifics on how we were created differ greatly depending on which religion you follow, but the idea is always the same. But the real answer... evolution, plain and simple, and at all levels. That's a nasty subject to bring up at my family's dinner table. My grandfather actually thinks dinosaur fossils are hoax's placed there by those that would mean to dispel christianity... that's not a lie, an idea he's sadly going to take to his grave I'm afraid. If he read this I'm pretty sure that might just be the straw that broke the camel's back too. My father at least believes in dinosaurs and premitive life but he feels something had to make that first single cell organism, that first DNA strand. It couldn't possibly be done by accident, some thing had to be involved.
I've read this thing where they said you take an infinite number of monkeys and give them an infinite number of typewriters and an infinite amount of time and they'll eventually create shakespear. My father thinks this is nonsense. I don't feel he quite understands the full quantity of infinite.... poor pops, not you too... Anyway, so while I can appreciate the fact the universe isn't in fact infinite, it might as well be. There is said to be 10 to the 24th power of stars in the universe... right now... and thats one hundred thousand million stars in our galaxy, and our galaxy is only one of the estimated one hundred thousand million galaxies. Each star having it's own solar system and planets not much dissimilar to our solar system. And the universe is estimated to be 13 billion years old. stars being formed and dieing and born agian in a constantly ever changin cycle. Also consider that time is expanding as well so that number may be way off or our biased to our own perception and measurement, and doesn't figure in things like original gravity of the big bang and speed effecting the perception of time on other faster/slower objects as well. That number might be off by an insanely large number, could easily be doubled, (remember slower when more dense matter) but they figure it's at least that old.
So the candidate planets for sustaining life such as our own is mathematically guaranteed several times over, probably millions of times over if not more. The distance, rotation, temperature, mass, composition etc etc are all ideal for life as we know it. Our form of life it's the only possible combination of what could be life either, there's plenty of other base combinations out there besides carbon. My dad's a smart guy, despite the beef I give him, he's one of the smartest I know, so he agrees that this is also a certainty. But it doesn't explain where life really came from, and that's where my father has a hard time grasping the whole monkey typewriter thing. He doesn't think we came from a pool of muck with just the building blocks floating around in it. There hasn't been any recorded events of creating life from inanimate objects or material. They have created organic material yes, nucleotides out of inorganic material, but getting them to bond just wasn't happening. That's where the breakdown is at. It's in the scale of the study. The parts are all there but putting them together doesn't happen in a "perfect storm". Well they didn't try for that long, (comparitivey) at the most we've had the science to even try this sort of thing for the past... say 100 years maybe less? Lets be unrealistically generous and say 1000 years they didn't even have science back then but whatever... They were also testing in a vat of at the very most several gallons of quantity over the course of their testing... lets be generous agian and say they had enough material to fill an olympic sized swimming pool. And they were electrocuting this material to get it to bond maybe a thousand of times? Lets be generous once more and say a million experiments and observations were done.
So that's pretty good odds to say if it were to happen it would have right? You're soooo insanely incorrect my good sir. They were only successful in creating the building blocks of life, yes. But the numbers are incredibly off in what actually happened to create actual life originally. Instead of a 1000 years of theoretical testing lets do millions of years, (1 billion years if you go from when the earth formed) that's several thousand thousands (or thousand millions). Lightning strikes the earth currently 44 times a second, times that by millions of years and that's an insanely large amount of lighting and everything on earth was much more active back then. And that olympic sized swimming pool? Not even a single drop in the ocean (literally) to the amount of this muck that was suggested to be around back then. DNA only need be created once in a self replicating patern and the actual size and scale of the real world scenario in which it happened is beyond comprehension.
So if all the parts are there and life were to actually be able to form on it's own, how did we eventually be able to see all the intricacies that make things the way they are today. If you look at the eyeball it's such a magical working system. Thinking it being able to just "randomly" be able to form by accident is impossible right? That's just one part on the body, let alone all the different species of animals and stuff that exists, and each having to come up with that by accident on their own. Well the "survival of the fittest" thing comes into play big time. The "game of life simulator/game" is a good show, but doesn't exactly show how something evolves into something else and thrive better than other forms, things act differently, yes, but none are able to continue to thrive in that same pattern. In early life on earth, generations were more than likely happening several times a day if not quicker. The lifespan of a cell isn't that long and it's ability to reproduce and how many times were key to it's superiority. Then the space in which it is able to reproduce in, and the time are also astronomical when you think of the size of a single cell in a big ass planet like this. The versions that adapted and multiplied faster outproduced and out survived less adapted cells and through normal mutation eventually made a multi-cell organism. Maybe only a few cells at first and it just went on from there. Lots of generations and failed mutations died off. Who knows the number of species that never made it to today. But to the benefit of all life as we know it now, everything we see is what made it as the most successful. Evolution is a an ever going occurrence, it's happening right now and there's new species being formed right now that we might not be aware of yet.
I saw a video of this evangelical professor dispute evolution as a non-thing. Saying things like, "I've never seen a dog make a non-dog"..... how F'ing dumb is that guy really? You can't watch evolution happen, it's a gradual thing. If a change is too drastic in one generation it won't be able to reproduce with another of the same species and mix genes. If you mix a donkey and a horse it makes a sterile offspring named a mule because the change is too drastic. And that's not even a unpredictable mutation. If by some freak mutation it's able to reproduce with another mule... then that's evolution where you can see it. Will it ever happen? Probably not, but the point is you are the end result of survival of the fittest and being the most adapted for your environment and conditions. So is everything around you. The multi-cell organism that had the first a primitive eye thing mutation (maybe a mutated feeling arm or something) had a leg up on all the rest and was able to reproduce to make more like it. The rest is history.
So the infinite monkey theory isn't quite by chance in this model, it's like someone giving a banana to the monkey that spells a complete word and maybe clones him and on the other hand, shooting the monkeys that never create a word. It does seem a bit like divine intervention, but survival of the fittest and evolution have the exact same effect and you can show where it happens. I also want to add luck plays a big deal in this whole equation as well. Say you are trying to brute force crack a password that has 3 gigabytes worth of characters (a single dna strand) and lets say you had every computer on earth trying to crack this password, trying every combination of letters and numbers at random and not working together to do it. The password isn't a specific password, but just a set of compatible characters like a hash, any one would do though as long as it matches the hash. How long do you think it would take? Trillions of years? You're probably correct, but does every computer have to go though every combination of everything before it gets a correct one? Nope, that model looks closer to how things sort of were back then.... obviously without computers =)
You ever hear about people winning the lottery after only buying one ticket? chances are stacked largely against your favor 1:280,000,000 or something crazy like that. But for that winner, their chances of winning are 1:1 that's my point. Lots of failure rolling the dice till you get snake eyes times trillions, but it only takes once to be a winner. My guess it was the 100 millionth lighting bolt that did it.
So those are some good ideas to how everything works out. But if it's all true and all of this religion stuff is made up, where does that leave you? Well... enjoy your life. The thought of an afterlife is the obvious answer to the scary question of what happens to "you" after you're gone. Although all roads point to the big nothing sadly. It's kinda obvious why they invented heaven and the good place to reward people that did good in the world instead of just going out with guns blazing shitting on everyone around them. There would be no motivation to just be an asshole and destroy everything around you.
It's a depressing thought when you really think about it, I actually got extremely panicky at first and couldn't sleep right for months until it fully sunk in. It was a bad time in my life that's for sure, and sort of makes me wish I never really started down this journey to begin with. Not life, that's more than meaningful, I'm talking about the road to answer the question to "what does it all mean?" The answer and how I live my life as things started making more sense. One... have children, it's the reason you're here. Honestly, if you can do any one thing for the benefit of mankind outside of creating a new widget or making some huge discovery that will impact humanity, it is to expand the longevity of mankind as a species, your children's children's children will thank you for it. They might just be the one to create something that will impact humanity as a whole, cure some crazy disease, genetically engineer more food producing crops, or alternative to fossil fuels etc etc. So where does that leave you after you had children as that may be "your only purpose" well... don't be a dick to people. Make your existence on this planet in the short time you're here as enjoyable for others as possible. Even if it's not going out of your way to help the less fortunate, don't ride people's ass on the highway, or be rude to the waitress at a restaurant that is doing their own 9 to 5 just like the rest of us and want to go home and enjoy their families as much as everyone else. Everyone's just like you, we all share the same bloodline in reality, we're all just trying to make it in this crazy world, don't make it hard on them. Keep living by the bible or kuran or whatever you like, there's some great knowledge to be passed down from many generations in there, but just know what you're reading is fictional and entertaining. Just a guideline. Keep going to church, it's not a waist of time, it's a good social meeting where people care about each other and you get to go out to brunch afterwords which is great, they usually have cantaloupe and that stuff is like crack.
That age old adage of "live life to it's fullest" well, it's the only one you got. Hope you make the most of it.
-SNESFAN
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CAZMIESTER
Change of life???????
Løra (Lolla)
Empress of AquaLuna
Surrey, England
Wow. That's a powerful piece of writing right there. I think it's very brave of you to share your thoughts and ideas on such a deep topic like that .
I would actually like to respond properly to this, but alas, I have no access to my laptop. So using my phone and not taking enough time to reply how I wish to, wouldn't do my post or your topic any justice. But I will get back to you on this .
Just had to say that I was muchly impressed and enjoyed reading what you wrote.
Workington, Cumbria, UK
An interesting read, thanks for taking the time to share..
Don't know if you're aware of Christopher Hitchens (God Is Not Great, The Portable Atheist etc) but there's some fascinating debates with some pretty eminent Christian intellectuals (and Al Sharpton) to be found on YouTube, that you may find interesting.
xiongxioi
That's an entensive and interesting read. I would just put my two cents here. Neither to agree nor disagree.
1. People are awful and stupid. We never learn anything until it has gone terribly wrong. Only the extremes can teach us.
2. There's nothing wrong as either being selfish or selfless. We adore selfless because that's what's classified as good citizen in our sociaties. However, accepting selfless as an excuse of not doing and trying anything is stupidity. People are so afraid of their death that they lose their meaning of being alive. So they would put themselves into hobbits, foods, gambling, drinking, and religions. Only few can accept the fact and live freely.
3. Freedom is not free, in fact, it is the most expensive thing. It only takes 10,000 hours for someone to become a true master at something. Most people would not even think about it even though they throw away their life as if they don't care. People are afraid of freedom, afraid of choices, afraid of changes and a life free of guilt. Sometimes, paying the debt is the only reason people're getting up in the morning.
4. There might be a god, but it would not be the same entity as depicted by its belivers. Us humans are constantly redefining ourselves as a whole, and the standard of good is changing all the time. Even the believers don't have the same personal philosophy, let along people who are living in different part of the world. If there is one god, and it is open to everyone, then its view, its wisdom are far beyond us, and none of us can be any more correct than the person next to him. It's like a theory of everything (ToE), it is hypothesized that we need to understand 10 dimensions before we can even scratch the surface of the world. Most of us only know 4. What we are seeing, we are observing, we are thinking can not possibly be even close to the truth.
5. Responsibility is something that you should choose, not accept. The society, the people around you, and the things you have been taught are all trying to take away your freedom of choice, but the trigger is next to your finger. No one can say you have to be this, or you have to think that way. You can learn and become whatever you want. It is funny how children treat unknown with curiosity, whereas adults treat unknown with fear.
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vcoleiro1
Hardcore Member
Well, speaking as a person from a christian background who has a degree in Physics. I'm afraid no matter which way you look -> Religion or Science . there never will be an answer to life. For as many never ending questions that are raised in religion there are for science.
I remember in one of the quantum physics classes at uni asking the lecturer the never ending question you envitabely ask. Why does this occur - because of this was the answer. Again you would ask how the answer given would occur and so on for about 3-4 questions until they couldn't answer you. That's science - a question that has an answer that begs another question and so on - there will never be a complete and satisfactory answer because every answer springs a new question.
Looking at religion it's sort of a similar situation.
In the end you will believe what your heart guides you to.
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Fzero
Nice read. Do any religions agree with an evolution model, or do they all think their respective deity/god made humans as they are today from day one?
More blown minds can be found here
A very interesting 'What is reality' docu, which goes into very high mathematics at the end, covers hologram theory and lots of other interesting things.
It's a mad world, universe, multiverse, and I don't understand it really but I'm ok with that. I just do my own little insignificant thing and when it's over it's over. I'm not expecting any 'insert coin to continue' option
ekianjo
神戸市、日本 (Japan)
FZERO said:
Do any religions agree with an evolution model, or do they all think their respective deity/god made humans as they are today from day one?
Sorry I didn't read the first post at all (TLDR excuse). But I thought this question is interesting.
Many of the stories told in religion are not made to be taken "As is" (while some people do), and are rather demonstrations of concepts through story-telling. Even when the Bible was written, their writers were probably very aware that they were putting legends in writing among actual facts they reported. And you can see differences in treatment regarding the life of Jesus through the different gospels so that tells you that there was both a mix of facts and fiction/purposeful intent in the events they reported.
Other than that, most religions are ancient in History, or derived from older religions and the evolution concept is extremely recent, so it's fairly understandable that the evolution concept is not part of the religion's writings.
This being said, I think many christians (at least in Europe) believe in evolution and have no problem being christian nonetheless. Again, it's about what you take out of religion in the end.
ElPoco
My personal experience is very similar to yours: born and raised in a very religious family (Catholic). Went to private Catholic schools and started questioning all of this as I became adult, and I came to the same conclusions as yours.
What's interesting to consider is that religion is something that humans have a predisposition to, because we are born dualists: we see a difference between matter and life. When you see a rock moving, you instinctively know that someone or something had made it move. This is important because it allows you to understand that, for example, there's a predator lurking nearby. But this leads to a side-effect: we have to put someone or something behind everything that happens. The rock moved because someone pushed it, the volcano errupted because... someone made it do so?
As we discover the reasons why things happen, we can explain more and more things without having to rely on some god. But when we have no other explanation, putting an omnipresent and all-powerful entity there is a great way to keep our brain happy with a logical explanation. Hence religions.
I've recently discovered Ignosticism and I kinda like it, especially as an answer to religious people.
And personally, I'm okay with my life having no meaning and no other reason to be than "because it just happened that I exist". As long as I can live it happily and make it as nice as possible to others, I'm fine.
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DaMummy
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holy mother of god, im not reading this thread, as much as im interested in its content. how about a tl;dr?
DaMummy said:
holy mother of god
...Or is there?
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Lol! hmm....*ponders*
Klumpen
Run away! Run away!
Although English is not my first language, I actually have read the whole text and do not think, that it is hard to read, so your try to be understandable worked.
I am raised christian (protestant) too and had quite a journey, although I never really was into monotheism and quickly turned towards entirely different concepts.
Taoism is my favourite, because it originally has no real conflicts with modern science and is proven right more and more.
Existence and Nonexistence are one, Matter and Energy is one, all is one, etc... All these diversions you find in theistic, especcially monotheistic religions
are just a simple way to deal with complicated matters with an easy dualistic way of thinking.
Keep living by the bible or kuran or whatever you like, there's some great knowledge to be passed down from many generations in there, but just know what you're reading is fictional and entertaining. Just a guideline. Keep going to church, it's not a waist of time, it's a good social meeting where people care about each other and you get to go out to brunch afterwords which is great, they usually have cantaloupe and that stuff is like crack.
Maybe you have not really read them, but you cannot live exactly by these books and be nice to every other person.
They divert your group from "the others". That is a problem: The pack.
In order to keep your family alive, there were many times in the past, where you had to stop feeling empathy for other creatures, even from your own species.
This thinking lives on in these old religions and should be changed.
What is important in this topic is the definition of life and of chance.
For me, life is not simply everything with DNA, but the way things go in general.
Gravitiy is a part of life already, because it causes things to grow, create and seperate. Life is change.
If everything is possible, it is also possible, that these selfreplicating acids (DNA) with all their fancy extensions/tools
just got into existence by chance/luck and there is no plan, only causality, but causality may be the plan, with all the physical laws,
that do not even apply to every form of particle/energy.
Referring to "life is change":
That is also my answer to all this afterlife stuff.
Of course there is afterlife, but not how people imagine it.
Your conception and everything else about you is changing your entire life and when your body and actual brain decays,
it's atoms will be used in other forms of life and that already is afterlife, people should just not fear the loss of their current awareness,
because it is always changing and limited. You should not fear the inevitable.
ElPoco said:
Exactly. When asking the question "why?", you first have to consider what you are and we are mammals ascending from creatures, that had enough paranoia to notice natural enemys fast enough,
even if 9 out of 10 times the rock just moved because of a slight tectonic movement or an harmless insect, the one time it saved your life is the important one for evolution.
Evolution exists not only between generations, but in yourself all the time.
Your genes change and adapt even while you still live.
I wanted to explain the same way, why god/s exist in peoples mind at all.
Of course there are roots and powers beyond our comprehension, but to think of them as some kind of humanlike will,
a kind of human without body and boundaries like the highest hierarch, is a very easy way and people always try to explain things in the easiest way to themselves to go to other,
at the moment seemingly more important matters.
If you people are interested in truth and religion in general, I can recommend to think without pregiven forms and read old books from cultures as different as possible.
My favourites are "Lao-Tse = Tao-Te-King/Dao-De-Ging", "Siddharta Gautama/Buddha = Dhammapada", "Mark Aurel - Meditations", "K'ung-fu-tzu - Lun Yu", Kant and Schopenhauer are nice too
and as an antihumanistic example "Mohammed - Quran" or the old testament if you can endure the immense boredom.
Yes, I have read all this.
My absolute favourite is "Jiddu Krishnamurti", you should really know this one!
He was raised as the new messiah and just ended his own religion to tell people, that no messiah can give them peace of mind and knowledge,
everyone has to achieve this by himself. He has not written books, because he did not want, that people use this for some cult again,
but he traveled through the world and talked with people and many of it was documented.
What he said is awesome.
I do not distinguish between religion and science, because one is just an older version of the other.
What we call science today is an update.
It's all philosophy, the love for wisdom and truth.
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_wb_
SNESFAN became an atheist, despite his deeply christian environment.
Congratulations, SNESFAN! Welcome to the world of reason and secular humanistic morality!
I'm an atheist myself too, although occasionally I'll claim to be a Pastafarian or a member of the Church of Emacs (even though I rarely actually use Emacs).
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_wb_ said:
Church of Emacs (even though I rarely actually use Emacs).
Using a free version of vi is not a sin but a penance
Let's not exaggerate. Newton was a fervent christian and still one of the most brilliant scientific geniuses of history. Religion has nothing to do with lack of reason.
ekianjo said:
Well yes but at that time nearly everybody was religious, and it was quite dangerous not to be. And I wouldn't consider all of Newton's work to be brilliant science - consider all of his efforts in alchemy.
Religion, by definition, means you have to believe things irrationally or at least without evidence - as soon as there are rational reasons to believe something, it becomes science. So yes, the very essence of religion is lack of reason. That doesn't mean that there are no people who can combine reason/science and religion - but they typically do that by keeping science out of their religion and religion out of their science. Sure, you can have a brilliant mathematician who also happens to be religious, but if he tries to mathematically prove the existence of God, or if he needs to invoke God to make the proof of some theorem work, then something is wrong. You can combine reason and religion only if you maintain a certain distance between them, schizophrenically.
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No, "religere" is latin for "to remember (sth. back then)" or "to see it like before".
It's "by definition" the remembrance of past wisdom.
If logic is so important to you, you should gather information about the roots of words.
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I also didn't have time to read the opening post... Really sorry - my lunch break is ending! XD
But from gist reading the thread I've been through a simlar process.
I was always dragged to church which I just went along with... Then when I grew older I found religion giving me more questions than answer and I saw that all the different religions seemed to want to disagree instead of find common ground.
I eventually came to realising that I don't care that life is essentially meaningless after learning that we are "biologically wired" to search out meaning in everything. When ever there is something that I need to ask "Why did that happen?" and I can't find a reasonable explanation, I just remind myself that I'm probably trying to assign meaning where there is none and boom - brain accepts this.
I can't really invest heavily in anything that either causes more questions than answers or invokes more conflict (either of self or in others)
Mouhaha. Your argument is null and void.
First, you do not appear to know the guy or you have never read his writings, apparently. Newton was a fervent christian, as I mentioned, in his social life. He really believed in it and was often referring to God in his writing and we know from his life as well he was a very pious man. Feel free to check.
Second, it's not because his alchemy experiments were unsuccessful that it discredits all the rest of his work. He was a genius at the same level of Einstein, like the ones you only get once a few centuries.He's the kind of person who would tackle a century od problem and solve it in a fortnight and invent a new theory of mathematics in the same time (the derivatives, for example).
If you pretend the contrary, you seriously have not studied much math or physics in your life. His is founder of modern science in many aspects.
It's your right to be an atheist, but let's not pretend Newton was a christian-by-force and a not-so-much-of-a-genius just because it does not fit your ideals.
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I'll start with 2 things :
1) Thanks for sharing your though
2) I'm atheist (from the very beggining)
... but I respect belivers of all religions.
There is one aspect you did not look at : What is the religion usefullness to believers ? IMHO, religion offer replies to great question that can twist your mind. Like "Why am I here ?", "What's after/before life ?", etc. For theist, the religion offer a pillar to their mind so they can focus on more "usefull" things like "Where will I find something to eat ?" and alike.
Actually, trying to convince a theist that his belief are wrong is like removing the chair under their butt : It will hurt and serve no real purpose.
If your grand-father doesnt believe in evolution and requiere the existance of god to have a sense in his life, why would you try to convince he is wrong ? For him dinosorus are prank ? Fine by me. That's his reality. Is my reality better than his ? Unsure. But for sure his is easier to live with than mine : I dont know why I'm here...
You seems to confront science and religions. But I beg to differ. For me science have nothing against religion. Many great scientists are(were) theists. And while science offer different reply to many question religion reply, science doesnt reply to all the question. Here is a short list science does not yet reply :
What's before the big-bang ? (if a before existed as you spotted)
What created that single point of near infinite energy the big bang used as a start point ?
Where/when the life started ? What started it ? (some scientist have proven that the initial point of life could have been created naturally, yet the probabilities that this event was on earth is near 0... at least so far)
The list goes on. And here is a short list of question science will never reply :
- Why am I here ?
- What should I do ?
Becoming atheist, mean accepting to have no reply to these questions. And that's rather challanging. Some minds just cannot accept this. And reading you had many nights without sleep, just mean (for me) that you had an hard time going throw all this. I find it unsurprising from where your started your journey. Congrats on getting on the other side of the fence.
I do have a question for you : Was it worth the troubles ? Do you feel any better than if you had accepted the religion you're born in ? Couldn't you just find a religion that float your boat any better and call it a day ?
One of my friend (born catholic) just cant cross the atheist line. That's too hard for her mind. She had a realy tough life so far, and her belief helped her on so many occasion that now that her life is easier she just cant give up her beliefs, or she'll become mad. Now, she is unhappy with catholics and she is looking for a better line of christanity. A one that will float her boat.
I'll close my post like I started it : thanks for sharing yours thoughs and a bit of your journey.
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text:
RJ Barrett can't wait to play with Cam Reddish again: 'He's up to the challenge' – New York Post
More than anybody else in the Knicks organization, RJ Barrett has the inside scoop on playing with Cam Reddish.
So when management asked him a few questions about his former Duke teammate before acquiring Reddish from the Hawks on Thursday, Barrett filled them in.
"If I know Cam, he's up to the challenge," Barrett said Friday. "I think he'll do well here. He'll have a chance to be a great piece to this team. … It was easy out there playing with him [at Duke]. So I hope that translates to the NBA, too."
Exactly how Reddish will fit with the Knicks remains to be seen, but they won't get to find out just yet. Reddish will be out "for a while" with a sprained ankle, coach Tom Thibodeau said, declining to offer a timetable. That means Reddish won't get the chance to face his former team Saturday night when the Knicks play at Atlanta.
But the Knicks are intrigued by the 22-year-old's upside and will give him a chance for a fresh start, even if he left one crowded group of wings in Atlanta for another crowded group of wings in New York.
RJ Barrett (right) will be reunited with former Duke teammate Cam Reddish (left).
Getty, USA TODAY Sports
"It gives us an opportunity to look at Cam," Thibodeau said. "We'll see when he gets here, see how he fits in and then we'll go from there. … Size, athleticism, wing position, that sort of thing. Sometimes a change of scenery is good for people. So we'll see how it unfolds."
The Knicks gave up a protected first-round pick (via the Hornets) and Kevin Knox to land Reddish, Solomon Hill (who is out for the season) and a 2025 second-round pick.
"Feels good, can't wait to get started," Reddish told the Knicks' digital team as he boarded the plane to Atlanta. "I'm looking forward to meeting everyone, meeting all the guys. I haven't seen RJ in a little minute, so it should be good to see him."
Hawks GM and president Travis Schlenk told reporters Friday that Reddish, last offseason, had "expressed the desire to get to a situation where he could have a little bigger role." Schlenk said the Knicks' offer of a first-round pick, despite its protections, made the deal worth the risk of giving up on Reddish's potential.
"I don't know if New York's going to be the perfect spot for Cam or not, but my job is to get the best value I can for Cam Reddish," Schlenk said. "He could certainly go on and have an All-Star caliber career and I wouldn't be shocked at all by that."
Cam Reddish and RJ Barrett while teammates at Duke.
In Atlanta, Reddish was fighting for minutes (averaging 23.4 this season) alongside fellow wings Kevin Huerter, Bogdan Bogdanovic and De'Andre Hunter. Thibodeau said it was too early to tell what kind of role Reddish will play with the Knicks, but the 6-foot-8 wing will likely come off the bench behind Barrett and Evan Fournier along with fellow wings Alec Burks (when he's not starting at point guard) and rookie Quentin Grimes.
"I don't think you can have enough wings," said Thibodeau, who described the Knicks' wing position as "loaded." "That's sort of the way our league has gone. I like [Reddish's] versatility. He can play three positions. In today's NBA, I think that's important.
"Our scouts have evaluated him and they feel strongly about him."
Cam Reddish competed with other wings for playing time in Atlanta.
NBAE via Getty Images
The No. 10 pick in the 2019 draft was averaging 11.9 points on a career-high 37.9 percent shooting from beyond the arc in 34 games this season. Reddish flashed reminders of his potential in December when he registered a pair of 30-plus-point games in a four-game stretch. But he also went scoreless in his final two games as a Hawk, though he only played 3:14 in his final game before exiting with the ankle injury.
Reddish, who flew to New York to undergo a physical and meet the team in time to fly back to Atlanta, called Barrett on Thursday to get a rundown of his new organization.
"It's great to play with my Duke brother again," Barrett said. "It's going to be a lot of fun. I'm happy, can't wait till he gets here. … I mean, he's 6-8, very skilled, [can] shoot the ball, finish with both hands, plays great defense. So you're getting a good, talented player."
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… of buzz, it can be hard to acknowledge you don't have all the answers. It's hard to set aside ego. As product leaders, it's our job to build the right product, for the right market, at the right time.
Instead of cultivating raving fans, they had raging customers and one more nail in the coffin.
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Everyone of the effective Presidents in American history had his own method of producing disagreement he needed in order to make an effective decision. Each created the disagreement he needed for some understanding of what the decision is all about.
Disagreements alone can provide alternatives to a decision. A decision without an alternative is a gamblers' throw.


text:
Landscape Historian
8th May, 2019 Recreation Grounds.
By Richard Clarke | Published 8th May 2019
A reference to 'Cannon Street recreation ground' appears in the minutes of the Parks Committee, Hull Corporation in the summer of 1891. It appears that the land of the 'rec.' was leased from Hull Municipal Hospitals and that this 21 year lease was coming to an end, the Committee recommended renewal. So it seems that this recreation ground had existed since 1870, if not earlier (see analysis of 1859 Recreation Grounds Act in blogs last October/November). Cannon Street today runs east-west north of Freetown Way and in 1870 would have been on the edge of town (further map evidence needed). The late John Markham tells us in Streets of Hull, a History of their Names, (Highgate Publications, 1987, 17) that the street took its name from the nearby foundry of Todd and Campbell which made cannons for use in the 18th century Anglo-French War (Seven Years War 1756-1763).
Early recreation grounds in Hull only get infrequent mention in the minutes of the Parks Committee. For example, in the summer of 1895 it was reported that anti-social (my phrase, not theirs) behaviour was a problem at Cannon Street recreation ground. Up to this point there seems to be no evidence as to any facilities at the recreation ground.
Coming forward to 1906 there is a reference to a recreation ground at Stoneferry, and it had a 'caretaker'. Also early in 1906 it was proposed that land between Lee Smith Street and Hull Goal (north side of Hedon Road) be made a temporary recreation ground (Markham tells us that the former was so-named after John Lee-Smith J.P., twice mayor of Hull in the 1840s). Also by this year we get references to a recreation ground beside Dansom Lane, east Hull. Here and at Cannon Street sites three benches were installed. Also at this time the Primitive Methodist congregations and the Hull United Temperance Council were asking to 'assemble' (presumably for open-air services) at these two recreation grounds.
The photo above shows some tree-tops in Oak Road playing fields over the River Hull bank.
(To be continued).
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text:
Пароциклічна обробка свердловин полягає в тому, щоб прогріти пласт і нафту у привибійних зонах видобувних свердловин, знизити в'язкість нафти, підвищити тиск, полегшити умови фільтрації і збільшити приплив нафти до свердловин.

Загальний опис
Механізм процесів, що відбуваються у пласті, досить складний і супроводжується тими ж явищами, що і витіснення нафти парою, але додатково відбувається протитечійна капілярна фільтрація, перерозподіл у мікронеоднорідному середовищі нафти і води (конденсату) під час витримки без відбору рідини із свердловин. При нагнітанні пари в пласт вона, природно, впроваджується у найбільш проникні шари і великі пори пласта. Під час витримування у прогрітій зоні пласта відбувається активний перерозподіл насиченості за рахунок капілярних сил: гарячий конденсат витісняє, заміщує малов'язку нафту з дрібних пор і слабкопроникних лінз (шарів) у великі пори і високопроникні шари, тобто міняється з нею місцями. Саме такий перерозподіл насиченості пласта нафтою і конденсатом і є фізичною основою процесу видобування нафти за допомогою пароциклічного впливу на пласти. Без капілярного обміну нафтою і конденсатом ефект від пароциклічного впливу був би мінімальним і вичерпувався б за перший цикл.

Технологія пароциклічного впливу на пласт полягає у послідовній реалізації трьох операцій (етапів): закачування пари, конденсації пари і видобутку рідини. На першому етапі за певний проміжок часу з певним темпом відбувається нагнітання пари у свердловину, яке визначає розміри прогрівання зони. Протягом другого етапу відбувається повна конденсація пари і всмоктування нафти з «холодної» області пласта у прогріту зону. На третьому етапі за рахунок термічної обробки пласта при відборі флюїду дебіт свердловини збільшується, і час відбору флюїду буде обумовлений падінням дебіту до початкового рівня, близького за значенням дебіту без пароциклічної обробки.

Див. також
 Теплові методи підвищення нафтовилучення

Література
 Технологія розробки нафтових родовищ: підруч. для студентів ВНЗ / В. С. Бойко. — Івано-Франківськ: Нова Зоря, 2011. — 509 с.
 Технологія видобування нафти: підруч. для студентів ВНЗ / В. С. Бойко. — ІваноФранківськ: Нова Зоря, 2012. — 827 с.

Видобування нафти

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In fact, he simply confused the public more with his book "Working with Emotional Intelligence. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors prevalencewhether they make risk-related decisions similarly or differently than adults cognitive processing perspectiveor whether they use the same processes but value different things and thus arrive at different conclusions.
Feelings should never trump values and human decency.
Goleman says that optimism is a sign of emotional intelligence. This is true not only in childhood, but also during adolescence, as evidenced by higher academic achievement and psychosocial development, and fewer behavioural problems Ballantine, He is smart enough to know that people are desperate for a cure for cancer, that most of them will not bother to do their own research, and that it will take years before enough tests are done to prove him wrong.
These improvements occur in five areas during adolescence: The attitudes that parents have about their children, and the resulting emotional climate that creates? They are tactics of the bully and have to stop. Often such circumstances raise question to their competency to perform any duties or responsibilities which further pushes them back to perform as a passive member in the family without any specific roles.
To that end, we are committed to keeping Krew Mobile accessible to all budgets. For example, researchers frequently define a parent as "permissive" if her score for "responsiveness" falls in the upper third of the distribution and her score for "demandingness" falls in the lower third of the distribution.
One must thoroughly assess the individual for ongoing psychopathology, their abilities and limitations because of psychopathology, progress improving, stable, and worsening etc.
Does the family have any kind of common understanding about the acceptable and non-acceptable or good or bad behaviors? Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15 2 Whatever became of her, I do not know, but I am afraid she could have run into serious trouble defending her dissertation.
If there were truly a psychological entity that could predict widespread success at such levels, it would exceed any finding in a century of research in applied psychology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, Studies suggest that the faulty communication between family members may affect the mental health of children and a proper management of such problem gives desirable outcomes Dwyer et al, She noted that the very idea of parental control--of adults acting as authority figures--had fallen into disrepute.
Families may limit their communication with mentally ill persons because of different reasons like ongoing psychopathology, feeling of incompetency, prejudices towards them, family burden and so on. The parenting style needs change according to the societal changes.
But there is a larger issue than the immediate argument. Other parents might find themselves on the border between authoritativeness and permissiveness. Bipolar Disorders, 5 2 Opinions about a topic. Your relationships and your happiness very well may depend on it. People with mental illness face difficulties to resume their roles after recovering from illnesses and at times their roles are taken over by the other members.
Improvements are seen in selective attentionthe process by which one focuses on one stimulus while tuning out another.
This therefore has caused various factors to become important during this development. I have never seen him refer to the idea that our emotions draw attention to what is important to think about, one of the central themes in the work of Mayer, Salovey and Caruso.
Girls attain reproductive maturity about four years after the first physical changes of puberty appear. Given the state of the economy both North and South of the borderwe recognized that you this is simply too important to try and price gauge customers.
The impact of social changes on childhood in India derives attention.
They do not have to learn good manners or do any household chores. This is triggered by the pituitary glandwhich secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream, initiating a chain reaction to occur.
For example, in the United States of America, bone density increases significantly more among black than white adolescents, which might account for decreased likelihood of black women developing osteoporosis and having fewer bone fractures there.
Rowan describes, and uses her approach of small incremental time allotments to introduce kids to wireless. Then there is the problem of how behavior gets measured. Introduction The main purpose of this page is to publish my concerns with Goleman and his writing on emotional intelligence. But parenting is more than a set of specific practices.
This scheme is very useful, but like any attempt to categorize human behavior, it has its limitations. In addition, a recent study of U.
He now includes a 1.Psychologists recognize four parenting styles, each representing a different approach to socializing children. Is your style authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved?
Learn how psychologists classify parents, and what research suggests about child outcomes. After learning about the impact of parenting styles on child development, you may wonder why all parents simply don't utilize an authoritative parenting style.
After all, this parenting style is the most likely to produce happy, confident, and capable children. The relationship of parenting styles with adolescents' outcomes was analyzed within a sample of Spanish adolescents.
A sample of teenagers from 13 to 16 years of age, of whom %. The Impact of Divorce'on Children: What School Counselors Need to Know by Nicole Landucci A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the.
The aim of the study is to find out the contribution of Cultural Intelligence of adolescent students. Also study tries to know the role of some selected variables in cultural intelligence of. Consequences of Parenting on Adolescent Outcomes Donna Hancock Hoskins Bridgewater College, East College Street, BoxBridgewater, VAUSA; influence of parenting behaviors and styles on adolescent emotional and behavioral this paper will focus on the impact of parenting on adolescent outcomes.