text:
Black Country Chamber Awards: Winner praises colleagues after tragic loss
By Jamie Brassington | Dudley | Business | Published: Nov 19, 2019
A managing director has paid tribute to her "supportive" colleagues after scooping a prestigious award - a year on from suffering personal tragedy.
The Black Country Chamber of Commerce Awards
Andrea Childs, from Klick Business Solution Limited, praised the camaraderie of staff after they were crowned the Black Country's Business Of The Year.
Ms Childs suffered a tragic loss when her 20-year-old daughter, Bethany Childs, who was a former employee, died from leukaemia in 2018.
Holding back the tears, Ms Childs told the Express & Star: "I am speechless to win this award. I am very proud of the team and the company.
"I lost my daughter a year ago to leukaemia. All my colleagues rallied around me. To win two wards just shows their support. I am so proud of them."
Klick Business Solutions win the Professional Services Award and Business of the Year. Seventh from right is Andrea Childs
The Kingswinford-based firm also won the Professional Services Award, which recognises strong financial performance and excellent customer service. MSV Consultancy Ltd came runner-up in that category.
Klick Business Solutions Limited specialises in tender writing and training services.
More than 300 people packed into Wolverhampton Racecourse for the lavish, black tie awards ceremony on Friday night, which is run annually by the Black Country Chamber of Commerce.
Comedian Aaron James, who is appearing at Wolverhampton Grand Theatre in December, provided entertainment alongside 2016 X Factor finalist Saara Aalto.
The first award of the night, the Black Country Business Person of the Year, was won by Martin Dudley.
Martin Dudley wins the Business Person of the Year
He is the chairman of Thomas Dudley Ltd, based in Dudley, which manufactures bathrooms and wash-rooms products.
The award recognises a special business person who has had a significant influence on the company, and established a position of sustainable profitability and success.
After collecting the award, Mr Dudley said: "It was a surprise. It is a great honour, in the first place, to be nominated for the award and then especially to actually win it, considering there were so many other worthy winners as well.
"I have got to pay credit to lots of people; to my partner Silvie who has given me a lot of support.
"We have got a great team at Thomas Dudley, such as Jason Parker, the managing director, and our senior management team.
"Michele Bickerton nominated me without me knowing it.
"Also, I would like to say thank you to Bankie Williams, the chairman of the Chamber, who is my personal coach and mentor."
Paul Hull, of KMB Shipping Group, of Dudley, came runner-up.
Impact Sales Coaching, of Dudley, was crowned winner of the Community Champion category, which recognised corporate social responsibility, and the positive impacts which the company has on the local area. The Midcounties Co-Operative came runners-up.
The Customer Commitment Award was won by STK Fire & Risk Management, based in Wednesfield. The award recognises excellent customer service. Co-director Terry Inglefield dedicated the award to former employee Colin Whittington, who has since passed away. A seat on the company's table was left empty in his memory.
Mr Inglefield said: "We are absolutely delighted to win the award. It was very poignant. We lost a very valuable member of our team."
Nant Ltd was the runner-up in that category.
The Education & Business Partnership award, which recognises commitment to supporting future generations, was scooped by the Black Country Living Museum. Tesco Maintenance Biz partnership was the runner-up.
Kingswinford-based Simworx Ltd, a manufacturer of 3D and 4D simulation attractions, won the High Growth Business of the Year.
Terry Monkton, chief executive of Simworx, said: "It is really important for us to be recognised by fellow members of the Chamber. We work really hard in exporting, which also lead to our high growth award."
Dolphin Lifts UK won Family Business of the Year.
The Excellence in Manufacturing and Engineering award was won by IPU Group, with A&M EDM Ltd coming as the runner-up.
.Industrial Power Units Ltd win the Excellence in Manufacturing and Engineering Award at the The Black Country Chamber Awards, Wolverhampton
The Mount Hotel Country Manor, in Wolverhampton, scooped the Large Business of the Year award, with Wolverhampton Grand Theatre coming as runner-up.
The Small Business of the Year award was won by Digital Imaging Services Ltd, with Nant Ltd coming a srunner-up.
Savesta Construction Ltd picked up the gong for Start-up Business of the Year, followed by Comfyse Ltd as runner-up.
The Young Person or Apprentice of the Year award was won by Jamie Wilkes, of Robinson Brothers Ltd, with Sam Owers, of Plumbing World, as runner-up.
Business News Business Events Dudley Local Hubs Wednesfield Wolverhampton
Redundancies likely as two Bilston firms plan move to Staffordshire
Bilston | Jan 14, 2020
Houses set to be demolished as Wolverhampton Aldi expansion approved by council
Tool manufacturer climbs the ladder with Lloyds Bank support
Rowley Regis | Dec 10, 2019
Sandwell | Jan 17, 2020


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Bonjour lecteurs! I hope you are well and looking forward to our new fashion post! By the way, if you like our Baba Fashionista series, don't forget to nominate us for the Bibs Awards in the category Beauty and Fashion! It's simple, we have advertised it on the side of our blog. While you are reading Baba Fashionista with Hazelbou, you can't miss it! So support us and we promise to carry on presenting you with fab childrenswear labels every week! Today is a very special brand to us as they are big on sustainable products! Without any further ado, read now Baba Fashionista with Hazelbou and make sure to enter our new Frenchie GIVEAWAY to win a £50 voucher to spend on this amazing website!
Hazelbou has been created by Amy and Gavin, two proud parents who wanted to share their experience with others. You should know by now how much I am proud to support local businesses or family retail brands like Hazelbou. I won't go as far as saying that The Frenchie Mummy Blog is my business as I see it merely as a (very addictive!) hobby, but I know how passionate you can be to a cause!
The label's owners strongly believe in sustainable products. Parfait, because Frenchie Mummy (and Baba bien sûr) agree 100% with this concept. Therefore, many of its products use materials like organic cotton and bamboo which are more sustainable than traditional materials and are also more gentle on baby's skin. How could I not like that!?
Some of the brand's products also use recycled materials and support farmers and producers by being Fairtrade or made locally. Hazelbou looks for suppliers who go the extra mile and act fairly and responsibly to the environment and their people. The label has strong values. Amy and Gavin want their products to be engaging, made of excellent quality but also functional. They select the best designs possible and want happy customers. And I say 'oui, oui, oui' to all of that!
Let's see what we thought of the products we received!
This gorgeous red short sleeve t-shirt with a lifeboat applique design is very colourful and fun! I usually avoid buying red items for Baba, but it actually works really well.
Look at this happy baby!
The t-shirt has a round neck with contrasting rear popper fastening. I am sorry if I am featuring a picture of Baba's back (I know, not as fascinating as his gorgeous face, right?), but I had to show you the buttons at the back. It's such a cute detail with all these colours!
Check out my colourful outfit!
Made by Little Green Radicals from 100% organic Fairtrade certified cotton, this item is not only fun and colourful. It also respects the environment and is going to last!
A top helping the planet! The chocolate dessert won't have this chance!
I must say that Baba already wore it a couple of times and the colours are as vivid as the first time!
The cut is perfect (I am not keen on top when they are too long) and a size 18-24 month fits Baba well.
Frenchie Mummy is not worried about the chocolate on Baba's top. She knows it will wash fine. She is more worried about her dessert to be eaten by Baba!
The garment makes un bébé gorgeous and happy! Job done! But it is also super comfy!
The second item we received for this review is from the same collection and quite similar to the first one we just described. We love the same features: colourful, fun, sustainable.
I must admit I have a crush for this applique. It's particularly sweet. The colour also perfectly suits Baba.
Giving a cheeky look to his dad.
Made of 100% organic cotton which, is a natural fibre free, this top really looks luxurious and durable. Furthermore, organic cotton has the advantage of not containing harmful chemicals which can irritate baby's delicate skin.
A baby so comfy, he can act like a little monkey when we are out!
This item (as the previous one) is extremely soft. Because of the fabric, this T-shirt is perfect for the season: warm enough if it's a bit chilly, but not too hot if it's a hot sunny day (not that it happens often in the UK at the moment, just saying!).
A bit chilly? The top is warm enough and so stylish at the same time!
Overall, we really like both the tops we received from Hazelbou and at a retail price of £16.99 each on the website, I feel that it's a good value.
But Hazelbou does more than selling you cute clothes! Look at the third item we received!
I already explained that wooden toys are by far my favourite. J'adore the traditional feeling linked to it and it is obviously more eco-friendly. Mais I have never seen something like that!
Ethically made using recycled rubber wood and coloured with organic colour pigments and water-based dyes, this bath toy looks fantastic and is so much fun!
A new toy? Wow! Lucky moi!
Plan Toys is a sustainable toys label using exclusively sustainable materials! Intéressé? Look at their website here. It's quite fascinating and they won a lot of awards across Europe.
It is very impressive. You don't see many bébés playing with such toys!
Baba was delighted when we received the island and was fast to play with it. All the elements are fun, easy to manipulate for a toddler of his age.
I am loving the eco-friendly way!
I won't share with you pictures taken in the bath. It's a private part of Baba I am not willing to publish yet, but le Frenchie bébé is for sure enjoying some eco-friendly toys!
Hazelbou describes itself as a label selling beautiful products designed for baby, made for life. Having tried some of its products over the last couple of weeks, I must agree 100% with this slogan!
It's obvious the brand cares about providing items made of excellent quality.
Not only the brand has a great choice of items for les petits, but it is also respecting the environment and helping the Fairtrade market.
In some words, a beautiful and colourful website filled in with soft, safe and made to last products.
We were already huge fans of Little Green Radicals and strongly believe this is the way forward in the childrenswear industry. But we are so happy to have discovered a new fabulous toys' label!
If like us you want more than beautiful clothes, items that are set to last and make your baby feel comfortable, don't look further! We found la place parfaite for you!
Disclosure: we received two adorable t-shirts and an amazing toy from Hazelbou in exchange for an honest review.
Win a £50 voucher to spend with a great label!
Even better, because we want our dear lecteurs to enjoy the same quality, we teamed up with Hazelbou for you to have a chance to win a £50 voucher to spend on this fabulous brand!
If you are after a new colourful and eco-friendly item, enter our GIVEAWAY now via Gleam! We are so excited to offer you such an amazing prize! There will be only one winner!
The closing date is 11:59 pm on Monday 10th July 2017.
Provision of the prize is the responsibility of Hazelbou.
These look fab, love that they use recycled products too!
Looks great. Would be good for presents too.


text:
Q: How to set different color of markers on google maps? I want to set a different color marker depending on the type that it gets from my database. For example the type is FIRE and I want the marker to be color red. Is it possible?
Here is my maps.html
 (function(){

            var map,marker,latlng,bounds,infowin;
            /* initial locations for map */
            var _lat=14.676;
            var _lng=121.0437;

            function showMap(){
                /* set the default initial location */
                latlng={ lat: _lat, lng: _lng };

                bounds = new google.maps.LatLngBounds();
                infowin = new google.maps.InfoWindow();

                /* invoke the map */
                map = new google.maps.Map( document.getElementById('map'), {
                   center:latlng,
                   zoom: 10
                });

                /* show the initial marker */
            marker = new google.maps.Marker({
               position:latlng,
               map: map,
               title: 'Hello World!'
            });

                bounds.extend( marker.position );

                /* jQuery */
                $.ajax({
                    url: 'get.php',
                    data: {'ajax':true },
                    dataType: 'json',
                    success: function( data, status ){
                        $.each( data, function( i,item ){
                            /* add a marker for each location in response data */
                            addMarker( item.lat, item.lng, item.username);
                        });
                    },
                    error: function(){
                        output.text('There was an error loading the data.');
                    }
                });
            }

            /* simple function just to add a new marker */
            function addMarker(lat,lng,title){
                marker = new google.maps.Marker({/* Cast the returned data as floats using parseFloat() */
                   position:{ lat:parseFloat( lat ), lng:parseFloat( lng ) },
                   map:map,
                   title:title

                });

                google.maps.event.addListener( marker, 'click', function(event){
                    infowin.setContent(this.title);
                    infowin.open(map,this);
                    infowin.setPosition(this.position);
                }.bind( marker ));

                bounds.extend( marker.position );
                map.fitBounds( bounds );
            }

            document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', showMap, false );
        }());
    </script>

Here is my get.php where I get the data from the database.
$mysql ="SELECT lat,lng,username,type FROM `tbl_coordinates`";
$result = mysqli_query($connect, $mysql);
if (!empty($result))
{

while ($row=mysqli_fetch_array($result))
{
    $latlng[] = array(
    'lat' => $row['lat'],
    'lng' => $row['lng'],
    'username' => $row['username'],
    'type' => $row['type'],

     );

   }
   }

    mysqli_close($connect);

   header('Content-type:application/json;charset=utf-8');
   echo json_encode($latlng);
   ?>

A: You have to add one more parameter icon in below functions,
 /* show the initial marker */
        marker = new google.maps.Marker({
           position:latlng,
           map: map,
           title: 'Hello World!',
           icon: 'marker1.png' // path of your icon image.
        });

And visit this link :- http://www.benjaminkeen.com/google-maps-coloured-markers/ from this link you can download all the markers. So put this marker's image in your directory and give path to that image in icon parameter.
This is the easiest way of adding other marker in google map.
EDIT :
So for that you have to put condition's like if it's color is red then put red icon. if flood than flood's icon.
if you got value in $color = 'red'; from php
than in javascript put it like this,
var color = <?php echo $color; ?>

then check using color that,
if(color == 'red')
{
         icon: 'red.png'
}
if(color == 'blue')
{
         icon: 'flood.jpg'
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Python and environment variables In the following code snippet (meant to work in an init.d environment) I would like to execute test.ClassPath. However, I'm having trouble setting and passing the CLASSPATH environment variable as defined in the user's .bashrc.
Here is the source of my frustration:

*

*When the below script is run in use mode, it prints out the CLASSPATH OK (from $HOME/.bashrc)

*when I run it as root, it also displays CLASSPATH fine (I've set up /etc/bash.bashrc with CLASSPATH)

*BUT when I do "sudo script.py" (to simulate what happens at init.d startup time), the CLASSPATH is missing !!

The CLASSPATH is quite large, so I'd like to read it from a file .. say $HOME/.classpath
#!/usr/bin/python
import subprocess
import os.path as osp
import os

user = "USERNAME"
logDir = "/home/USERNAME/temp/"
print os.environ["HOME"]

if "CLASSPATH" in os.environ:
        print os.environ["CLASSPATH"]
else:
        print "Missing CLASSPATH"
procLog = open(osp.join(logDir, 'test.log'), 'w')
cmdStr = 'sudo -u %s -i java  test.ClassPath'%(user, ) # run in user
proc = subprocess.Popen(cmdStr, shell=True, bufsize=0, stderr=procLog, stdout=procLog)
procLog.close()

A: sudo will not pass environment variables by default.  From the man page:
   By default, the env_reset option is enabled.  This causes
   commands to be executed with a minimal environment containing
   TERM, PATH, HOME, MAIL, SHELL, LOGNAME, USER and USERNAME in
   addition to variables from the invoking process permitted by
   the env_check and env_keep options.  This is effectively a
   whitelist for environment variables.

There are a few ways of addressing this.

*

*You can edit /etc/sudoers to explicitly pass the CLASSPATH
variable using the env_keep configuration directive.  That might
look something like:
Defaults env_keep += "CLASSPATH"

*You can run your command using the env command, which lets you set the environment explicitly.  A typical command line invocation might look like this:
sudo env CLASSPATH=/path1:/path2 java test.ClassPath

The obvious advantage to option (2) is that it doesn't require mucking about with the sudoers configuration.

A: You could put source ~/.bashrc before starting your python script to get the environment variables set.


James S. (Jim) Umber 82 of Lewistown died Friday evening, November 10th, 2017 in Valle Vista Manor of natural causes. He was born October 1, 1935 in Lewistown at home across the street from the Presbyterian Church the son of James S. and Edna A. (Vanest) Umber. He attended Lewistown schools and earned his GED later. He worked on construction of power lines in his younger years. He later worked as a custodian as several schools and as an electronic technician until his retirement. Following his retirement, he worked as cook at the Villa in Lewistown.
On March 12, 1966 he was united in marriage to Barbara (Bobbi) Rowland in Lewistown and to this union three children were born. James, Robert and Leanna.
Jim is survived by his wife of over 51 years Barbara; sons James (Holly) of Missoula, MT and Robert (Kathy) of Columbia Falls, MT; one daughter Leanna (Gary) Lawrence of Billings, MT; brother Wallace Umber of Santa Barbara, CA; grandchildren Tyler and Payton Lawrence and Kaylee Umber; several nieces, nephews, great nieces, great nephews and friends.
He was preceded in death by his parents James S. Umber and Edna Kelly, sister Dolores Payton, half-sister Barbara Stingley, half-brothers Marion McCollum and Wilbur Umber.
Memorial Services for James (Jim) Umber will be held Saturday, May 26th, 2017 at 1:00 p.m. in the Cloyd Chapel with committal to follow in the Lewistown City Cemetery. At his request cremation has taken place. The Cloyd Funeral Home is assisting the family.


text:
Mississippi Music
Michael Guillot
Michael Guillot has applied his passion for music and education to the music retail segment of the industry, which has led to assisting and influencing retailers throughout the world. One program that has been an influence on retailers stems from his decade-long association with The Best In Show...
Mississippi Music, Music Retail, Mississippi
Allen Riley
Allen Riley served as the district sales manager for the Baldwin Piano Company. Allen learned guitar as a child and continues to play music. He became a Minister for several years before he found an opportunity to work for Mississippi Music as a piano and organ salesman in 1981. He worked in one...
Baldwin Piano Company, Music Manufacturing, Music Retail, Mississippi Music, Home Organ Boom, Organs, Pianos, Mississippi
William Dollarhide
William Dollarhide was the president and co-owner, along with his wife Margaret, of Dollarhide's Music Center in Pensacola, Florida. He grew up in a very musical family, with his mother a pianist and teacher and his father a band director. His grandfather was also a band director, so Bill was very...
NAMM Board of Directors-Interviewed, Music Retail, Florida, Pianos, Organs, Keyboards, Mississippi Music, Mississippi, Deceased
Rosi Johnson
Rosi Johnson was hired by the founder of Mississippi Music and her future father in law, Jimmy Johnson, as the in-house accountant. She took over the financial end of the entire business from the secretary/treasurer/office manger who was retiring. At the time the company had seven store locations...
NAMM Board of Directors-Interviewed, NASMD, Full Line Music Store, Mississippi, Women in the Music Industry, Mississippi Music, Music Retail
Dex Johnson
Dex Johnson grew up in the music retail business. His mother and father formed their store, Mississippi Music, after World War II and his father became an industry leader, even serving as President of NAMM in the 1970s. Dex worked in every department of the company and managed several of the...
Music Retail, NASMD, Full Line Music Store, Mississippi, Mississippi Music, Deceased
Mac Johnson, as she is known throughout the music industry, was the devoted wife of Mississippi Music founder Jimmy Johnson. She was also the mother of their sons, Bix and Dex, both of whom are involved in the music products industry. Mac worked in the store as a salesperson and played a vital role...
Deceased, Music Retail, Band and Orchestra, Full Line Music Store, Women in the Music Industry, Mississippi Music, Mississippi
James Johnson was first and foremost a band director -- a well respected one at that! He opened Mississippi Music while still teaching and soon became involved with a long list of industry organizations. He added his insight and knowledge as President of NAMM, President of AMC, and as an honored...
NAMM Board of Directors-Interviewed, Music Retail, Band and Orchestra, Full Line Music Store, Deceased, Mississippi Music, Mississippi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Does SQLDeveloper have a tool to copy/clone users like Toad? Does SQLDeveloper have a Toad-like tool to copy/clone an Oracle database user?
If not, I'll resort to: How to Clone a User in Oracle

A: In version 3 there is a DBA view.  It can be displayed or hidden using the view menu.
Once you have it displayed open the connection in the DBA section.
Drill down to Security->Users and right click on the user you want to copy.
The option you are looking for is create like.


text:
Dwight Webster Harrison (born October 12, 1948) is a retired American football defensive back and wide receiver who played ten seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Denver Broncos, Buffalo Bills, Baltimore Colts, and Oakland Raiders.

Born and raised in Beaumont, Texas, he played college football at Texas A&I University—now Texas A&M University–Kingsville.

Harrison was selected in the second round of the 1971 NFL Draft (35th overall) by the Denver Broncos. He was traded in mid-season in  from Denver to Buffalo for wide receiver

Harrison suffers from severe post-concussion syndrome, including severe depression, and was said to be living in a trailer in Texas without running water. His NFL pension had been cut off, and in August of this year, he was one of the plaintiffs in a concussion lawsuit against the NFL.

Harrison continues to fight for benefits NFL took away for the last 21 years.

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
American football cornerbacks
American football wide receivers
Baltimore Colts players
Buffalo Bills players
Denver Broncos players
Oakland Raiders players
Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas football players
Sportspeople from Beaumont, Texas
Players of American football from Texas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Serfas® Tire RX Sealant Kits and Accessories are specifically formulated and designed to keep your tires rolling in even the most extreme conditions. Sealing punctures up to 1/4 inch in diameter, Serfas® Tire RX offers a unique blend of sealing power and longevity. New since 2017, Tire RX now comes with a universal conversion kit, the only of its kind to fit a multitude of rim widths. The universal conversion kit is easy to apply and ready to perform.
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text:
Computer Glitches Turned Into Sculptural Furniture
Christopher Stuart has long combatted CAD software errors to design his furniture. With his latest series, he's embracing them.
By Meg Miller 2 minute Read
When Christopher Stuart, the product designer behind the studio LUUR, was invited to exhibit at the Sight Unseen Offsite during NYCxDesign last year, he wasn't sure which of his products to show–so he ended up bringing almost all of them. His geometric steel U Bench turned out to be the hit. After being picked up by New York gallery The Future Perfect, Stuart says the $8,000 piece has sold "incredibly well" for his studio over the last year.
When he sat down this year to work on new pieces that picked up where the U Bench left off, he ran into familiar problems with his rendering software. "I came across these glitches that had always been there and I'd always been annoyed by," Stuart says. But instead of working around the small errors, he decided to expose them. Working within these mistakes became the concept for his new series, Constructs & Glitches, that debuted during 2016 NYCxDesign last week.
The collection is composed of two "Glitch" pieces–a space age-y blackened steel desk and a more abstract copper piece–and a "Constructs" series of two sculptural tables and a bench. In the "Constructs" series, the two Chamfer tables are heavy, geometric, and metal, while the Zig Zag bench is sleek, cool, and mirrored. All of the pieces are more artistic than functional, each its own gorgeous distortion of the typical furniture form.
To design the collection, Stuart began by experimenting with the glitches in his Rhino software to develop new forms. For example, he might start out with the shape of a cube and then assign the design a fillet–an engineering term that refers to the rounding of an interior or exterior corner–on each side. Unable to make make the geometry perfect, the program produces a tiny, barely recognizable flat spot, or glitch. (Stuart says there is engineering software that wouldn't create this glitch but their design capabilities aren't as good.) Instead of correcting it, Stuart "peels away at the layers," leaving it more exposed. Once he has the look he wants, he edits the pieces for functionality.
Once a source of perpetual annoyance, glitches have opened up an entirely new way to design and think about furniture for Stuart. He says manipulating the software errors has even become common practice for him–more systematic than experimental. "I'm noticing it's starting to become a little more of a tool for me," he says. And just like any other aspect of furniture, "people are going to request a glitch in a certain size."
Meg Miller is an associate editor at Co.Design covering art, technology, and design.
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text:
The Apartment (1960)
April 14, 2017 March 29, 2017 ~ idrawonmywall
Directed by Billy Wilder
While watching this film, I remarked to my roommate that it feels very modern simply because it addresses frequent marital affairs, suicide and features a certain amount of disdain for the 9-5 company man which it once seemed people aspired to post World War II. The 9-5 lifestyle (or 8:50 – 9:20 in the case of CC Baxter) represents stability, and that was once all people wanted. But in this film, that stability feels like a prison sentence, even if Baxter (Jack Lemmon) doesn't see it that way.
So the film felt modern because it was made at a time that I imagine to be weighed down by strict Christian values and modesty. Hell, Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho, which came out the same year, began with a scene of a young couple in bed together and from what I've read that was decried as immoral. Also in Psycho there is a scene of a toilet being flushed, and that was unprecedented in film. So damn, there was a lot of stuff we take for granted today (for better or worse) that just wasn't around in old films.
And The Apartment feels very cheery and innocent, yet it covers all these topics that seem like they might have been taboo.
The story is about Baxter, a dedicated company man who lives in a modest apartment that he can afford with his modest salary, which requires him to show up to work at the same time every day, take the same elevator, make the same customary greetings, sit at the same desk and come home to watch the same commercials on tv while eating the same frozen dinners. The one difference, however, is that Baxter rents out his apartment for hours at a time to upper management folks who require it for their extramarital affairs.
Baxter is in good spirits about this arrangement because he's either incredibly loyal to the company or just a huge pushover. My vote is on the latter. Baxter is also in line for a promotion which he ultimately receives because of the good words put it by the people who benefit from his apartment. When he does get that promotion (with a title too long and forgettable to recall), it feels a littler underwhelming to the audience, but it means a whole lot to Baxter. His four 'friends,' come visit him and remind him that he's a "made man," using mafia lingo that is both amusing and threatening.
The problem becomes when Baxter stops renting out his apartment to these men because his new boss, Jeff D. Sheldrake (Fred MacMurray), who can tell why Baxter received so much praise, says that he too wants to use the apartment on occasion. Sheldrake, of course, takes priority over the other four men, as he is Baxter's only superior, but then the others get mad.
To make matters more complicated, Baxter quickly learns that the woman he longs for, Fran Kubelik (Shirley MacLaine), is the woman Sheldrake has been seeing.
On Christmas Eve, Baxter finds himself alone at a bar, feeling incredibly low. This is the first time he has stopped smiling and saying "yessir." It's a moment of realization that none of the job promotions or titles matter. All he wants is Fran, which, his affections for her are kind of creepy. In one scene he tells her how he knows everything about her (he's an insurance agent and looked up her file), and she takes this in stride as if all he said was "how was your weekend" rather than telling her every last NSA-esque detail about her.
Baxter returns to his apartment that night to find that Fran is still there following her appointment with Sheldrake. She took half a bottle of sleeping pills and nearly dies, but Baxter calls on his neighbor, the doctor, to help save her life. The second half of act 2 deals with Fran's recuperation in Baxter's apartment. He proves himself to be a great friend and caregiver, even doling out his own painful memories to illustrate to Fran how her life is not over.
Sheldrake's receptionist, a one time lover and now scorned professional, informs his wife about the affair, so Sheldrake, kicked out of the house, promises to marry Fran. Meanwhile, Baxter receives yet another promotion for his good work keeping Sheldrake's name out of the papers and pretending Fran's suicide attempt was about him and not Sheldrake.
Baxter plans on telling Sheldrake that he loves Fran, but that's when Sheldrake informs him that he's leaving his wife and sticking with Fran. Though this is far from welcome news, Baxter continues being a good company man, working hard, until Sheldrake asks for the key to his apartment one more time. Baxter resists and quits instead.
That night at dinner, Sheldrake repeats this story to Fran who is thrilled by Baxter's decision. It inspires her to run to his apartment and reciprocate his affections. In a dark moment, before she reaches the apartment, Fran hears what sounds like a gunshot, paying off the story Baxter told about considering shooting himself years earlier when he was really distraught over lost love. It's almost hilariously dark that we could consider the possibility of Baxter shooting himself, and it only turns out to be champagne.
There are a few things I want to touch on with this film. First, there's a lot that seems to be going on (from what I've read and observed within the film) that I don't know enough about to comment on. The Apartment is a comedy, but it clearly is a little edgy. I don't know quite enough about the time to know what director Billy Wilder might have been reacting against. This film, as I mentioned at the top, feels like it discusses very taboo elements of society but does so in a neat, happy environment. It would be like taking a happy, well-lit CBS multi-cam sitcom with someone like Tim Allen and Bonnie Hunt as the parents, and making the show about a series of abortions or something that would be hard to talk about, let alone sell to advertisers.
Second, the end. It's a happy ending of course, as you'd expect, but for a moment I thought the film was about to end when Sheldrake tells Fran about how Baxter quit without going further. There is a clear expression of joy on Fran's face, but for a moment she doesn't get up and run away to be with him. I think the most powerful way a film can end is simply with a look. The idea is that we have seen everything happen that needed to happen so that we know what that look means. Here are a few examples that come to mind:
In No Country For Old Men, Ed Tom Bell is worn out, recounting a dream. In Whiplash, Andrew is running on adrenaline, exhausted but fully alive, and in La La Land, Sebastian is both happy, sad, longing and thankful.
You can say so much with a good portrait, and despite all that happens in a movie, it is still most often just a portrait, whether of one character or multiple. Now, The Apartment does end with a portrait like this, but it's a little too staged for my taste. It's an image of Fran and Baxter seated side by side, dealing cards and smiling:
But in the scene right before this, we get a wider range of emotion (and more subtly and nuance) with this series of expressions. First these two, when Sheldrake tells her that Baxter quit…
Fran is surprised, then when Sheldrake looks away from her, she smiles to herself, and her smile says she's both happy and a little sad. If the film were to end here, I think it would give us a wonderful feeling of both joy and sorrow, and that's how some of the best stories should feel. Baxter has made a meaningful change in his life, not with the certainty that it will win him back Fran, but because he has finally stood up for himself. Fran recognizes this, but were the film to end here, she might also be feeling a deep sadness, recognizing that she can't stand up for herself the way he did.
Then the band starts playing the familiar theme for the New Year, and Sheldrake turns to look at them…
I love this image. It's moody, dark and a bit gothic. You have the slightly outrageous celebration going on in the background, the sharp silhouettes of both Fran and Sheldrake, Sheldrake looking away from her, disengaged and/or distracted, Fran playing with her necklace, and lastly Fran's expression which seems to be one of sorrow but also of power. It's right after this that she decides to leave, signaling that, yes, she is in power here because she's making the decision.
And if the film were to end here, we'd have a similar feeling as if the film ended with the previous shot. This shot would just be more of a tag, informing how we should feel. It's dark and powerful. Meaningful change has taken place, especially within Fran's own mind, but she hasn't yet acted on it.
I think the best endings are ones right before the character does something concrete which will end the movie, and right after we recognize that they have made the decision to do that concrete thing.
Then, finally, there is the next shot which has the following three moments…
And damn, to me that's powerful. She's deep in thought, she suddenly breaks out in a big smile, and just as quickly she's back deep in thought. It's like a volcano erupting with happiness. I would have loved if the film ended there, because it shows so vividly the change within her, the emotions, and the dilemma she is actively going through in her mind.
Endings like these make us more active viewers. We're analyzing how Fran feels and making the connections in our head for how that should make us feel. Instead we get the concrete ending showing us very definitively that they get together and that they're happy. In that final shot of the film, with both Fran and Baxter playing cards, I could imagined Billy Wilder just behind the camera screaming at them, "WIDER SMILES!"
So much of this film feels subversive, but not the ending. Since this is what I think was a mainstream film with a (pessimistic-ish) point of view, I imagine the ending was a double-edged sword. Wilder needed it to help market the film because people love happy endings. The only way to get this story in front of people is to give them a little of what they want.
NOTE: The ending I would have loved, with Fran going through the range of emotions but also feeling troubled, to me suggests that she is still trapped, but that she finally recognizes she's trapped. In this version of events, Fran realizes she's been trapped all along, and Baxter's escape from his job shows her that it's possible for her to escape too. I really like the image of the 9-5 grind as a prison, because I think it is incredibly intimidating and rigid, and this is during a time where people seemed to start rejecting this office culture and way of life which was so embraced following world war 2. Just look at this opening image of the film:
Nothing about this looks enticing, and yet we start with Baxter explaining how much he loves his job. This is a man who is trapped and doesn't even know it. He fulfills his occupational duties like a robot created for that purpose and that purpose only. Baxter goes home and has nothing but commercials and frozen dinners. He's even being taken advantage of by people with more power than him. So Baxter's journey is him waking up, like a robot developing its own ability to think. Baxter winning back Fran is just the icing on the cake. His real journey was to wake the hell up, and he does. So then you have Fran who has similarly been playing a robotic part (as the elevator operator), going through the daily motions, clocking in, clocking out, and then pretending everything's fine. SHE's the one who nearly kills herself because she's so unhappy, but the reason she's unhappy isn't even authentic. Fran only thinks her life is over when Sheldrake rejects her because her relationship with Sheldrake is the only thing in her life she's able to choose, and even then she doesn't choose it. Sheldrake is clearly presented as the guy who chooses her. She just goes along for the ride like the people in her elevator every day. So when Fran hears that Baxter broke out of this cycle and woke up, she recognizes that she needs to wake up too and leave Sheldrake. Not only that, she probably needs to (and will) find a line of work and a way of life that truly makes her happy.
Now, I don't think that life involves Baxter because he's a little creepy and likes her a little too much. In my version of events, we end with Fran at the table, the thoughts running through her mind, but we don't see what she does. What's important, though, is that we feel her coming back to life.
< Previous I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore (2017)
Next > Still Alice (2014) [Script Only]


text:
module EveOnline
  module ESI
    class UniverseCategories < Base
      API_PATH = "/v1/universe/categories/"

      def category_ids
        response
      end

      def scope
      end

      def path
        API_PATH
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The way in which recreation programs are planned and supported has a profound effect on the capacity of the organization to deliver services. Improving recreation program development and delivery through a focused service delivery strategy is integral to the strategic plan. Below are Key Performance Measures we are using to measure our progress in achieving goals within this area. A summary table is provided along with more detailed interactive charts below.
Connect more youth to the outdoors, physical activity, and their communities.
Improve the recreation service delivery model through coordinated programming, integrated marketing, and supporting services.
The following table provides a summary of progress towards Recreation goals.
PP&R's cost recovery policy was approved by City Council in 2005 and establishes a cost recovery target of 39% for all fee-supported programs. Every two years PP&R completes a cost of service study showing how much of PP&R's costs are paid for by taxpayer dollars versus how much are paid by other resources, such as program and rental fees, grant and donations. In 2014 (latest year available) cost recovery was at 41%, above the defined target of 39%. Within specific age categories, PP&R is exceeding its goal for youth programs and below the target established for adult programs.
The percentage of Portland residents satisfied or very satisfied with the affordability of Recreation programs has remained steady in recent years at 69%. Because of expected pressures to raise revenue through price increases, the bureau's target forecasts an expected decline in the satisfaction with affordability. It is possible that the data presented here from the City Auditor's survey does not accurately capture perceptions of the city's most vulnerable and underserved populations. Recent focus group research with Portland's Latino population suggest that the cost of programs is a barrier to participation.
72% of Portland residents rate the overall quality of recreation centers and activities as good or very good. With improvements made as part of the bureau's Recreation Revolution efforts, the bureau has established a future target of 80%.
Scholarships are a tool used by PP&R to ensure access to program for those that are not able to pay full price. In FY 2016 the total value of scholarship awarded stayed steady at $627,402.
61% of Portland residents rate the overall quality of instruction, coaching and leadership within recreation programs as good or very good. With improvements made as part of the bureau's Recreation Revolution effort, the bureau has established a future target of 70%.
After remaining virtually unchanged over the past four years, the percentage of residents participating in a Portland Parks and Recreation activity has increased to 34% The bureau has made it a goal to increase participation to 35% of the City's population.


text:
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Hormone therapy: health protection lessons from the Women's Health Initiative
http://www.cwhn.ca/sites/default/files/PDF/CEWH/RB/bulletin-vol3no2EN.pdf
Examines the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study regarding hormone replacement therapy.
(See Details)
International harmonisation of new drugs regulation: not in women's best interest
Examines the question of harmonisation of pharmaceutical regulation and its implications for women and public health. Urges that safety standards be paramount and the particular needs of women and other groups are not lost.
Safety first: women and health protection
Presents cautions to regulators, consumers, practitioners, and researchers to learn from the past in order to protect women's health in the future.
Women and adverse drug reactions: reporting in the Canadian context
Examines the Canadian system of adverse drug reactions reporting and that women's particular susceptibilities to drug-related health risks must be taken into consideration.
Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs: whatever the problem, you can always pop a pill
Examines the effects of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceuticals.
Drug regulatory failure in Canada: the case of Diane-35
http://www.whp-apsf.ca/en/documents/diane35.html
Criticizes federal prescription drug regulation using Diane-35 (cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol) as an example.
The marketization of depression: the prescribing of SSRI antidepressants to women
http://www.whp-apsf.ca/pdf/SSRIs.pdf
Looks at the impact of SSRI use among Canadian women. Reviews what is currently known about the benefits and harms caused by SSRIs, as well as both the definition and incidence of depression in women.
Transparency and the drug approval process at Health Canada: policy brief
http://www.whp-apsf.ca/en/documents/trans_policy.html
Argues that the lack of transparency in the drug approval process can lead to inappropriate, unnecessary and sometimes dangerous drug use, and it impedes the development of knowledge and appropriate decision-making.
Same tune, different lyrics: the Vioxx story
http://www.cwhn.ca/node/39500
Illustrates the flaws in the Canadian drug approval and drug regulatory processes, using the current Vioxx scandal as example. (See Details)
Transparency and the drug approval process at Health Canada
http://www.whp-apsf.ca/en/documents/transparency.html
Argues that the federal government is protecting drug companies instead of the public by keeping information about the drug approval process secret. Examines the impact of this on women's health. (See Details)
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text:
There should be one word on the minds of every NFL player
Guaranteed.It's way past time for those who play America's most popular — and physically demanding — sport to be paid what they're worth. The most obvious starting point would be to ensure their contracts work like pretty much every other professional league on the planet.The NFL's standard practice of only guaranteeing part of a contract http://www.tennesseetitansteamonline.com/amani-hooker-jersey , even for the biggest stars, seems grossly inadequate when one considers that players have a shorter shelf life than any other sport and often face a lifetime of debilitating health problems because of the sheer brutality they put their bodies through.A first-of-its-kind analysis from The Associated Press only strengthens the argument that players are getting a raw deal. Since 2005, the AP found, the average amount of playing experience for athletes on the NFL's opening-day rosters has shrunk from 4.6 to 4.3 years.Essentially, a 53-man roster is comprised of a few star millionaires — most notably, the quarterback — and a bevy of young players earning close to the minimum salary. Older players, especially those at positions considered more easily replaced, are being forced out of the game or left with take-it-or-leave-it contracts that are great for teams but do little to ensure an athlete's long-term financial health.Just look what happened to Seattle Seahawks safety Earl Thomas.Heading into the final year of his contract, Thomas held out through the preseason in hopes of landing a new long-term contract, one with plenty of up-front money that he could put in the bank before he stepped on the field again. Essentially, he wanted an insurance policy in case of serious injury. Holding out was the only way to get it under the league's current structure.The Seahawks refused to budge for the ninth-year player, insisting that Thomas — a six-time Pro Bowler, Super Bowl champion and last remaining member of the "Legion of Boom" that will go down as one of the greatest defenses in NFL history — fulfill his expiring deal. And what happened? In the fourth game of the season, Thomas went down with a broken leg.As he was carted off their field, Thomas flashed an obscene gesture toward his own bench. He might as well have made it to the entire league and the union that represents him.In all likelihood, Thomas' last chance to earn another big payday has gone up in smoke.Thomas could have stuck to his demands Taylor Rapp Jersey , like Pittsburgh Steelers running back Le'Veon Bell. Problem is, that would have meant sitting out the entire season — a huge sacrifice in a sport that already is a short-term career for most.Coming off two straight 1,200-yard rushing seasons, Bell had every right to demand a long-term deal that would ease the financial pain of a serious injury. Considering what happened to Thomas, the sixth-year running back probably made the right move by sitting out when the Steelers wouldn't meet his demands. But he's now lost a year in the prime of his career, and it's likely that he'll have to take less money on the open market after a season on the sideline.Amazingly enough, NFL Players Association President Eric Winston says guaranteed contracts aren't a panacea when it comes to ensuring players getting a bigger piece of the league's windfall."We can't forget the cause and effect to all this," he said. "The more guaranteed money you get, maybe the shorter your contract should be. We live in this world where we think, 'If we had guaranteed contracts, I'd get six years and $120 million guaranteed.' No. It would probably be three and 60. It's just one of those things where I think there's a give and a take."The problem is, the NFL owners have been taking for far too long — and the players, through a union that is almost certainly the weakest of all the major sports, has been more than willing to give.The NFLPA has often appeared to be little more than a subsidiary of the league, repeating many of the league's talking points and not bothering to put up much of a fight whenever it was time to hammer out a new collective bargaining agreement.Over a two-decade period beginning in 1968, there were five strikes or lockouts as the players tried to flex their collective muscle. But the last of those Shareef Miller Jersey , in 1987, was a devastating defeat for the union. Some players refused to take part in the strike or quickly broke ranks. The owners assembled teams of replacement players to keep the games going for three weeks. The walkout lasted a mere 24 days.Since then, there's been only one NFL lockout, which occurred largely during the 2011 offseason. The dispute was settled without any regular-season games being missed.While no one wants to see games lost, it's rather amazing that the owners have been able to largely maintain labor peace for more than three decades, all while bolstering their own wealth enormously through new stadium deals and continually rising franchise values — and still getting the players to work for non-guaranteed contracts and burying for years the enormous health problems caused by head injuries.The players must stand up for themselves when the current labor agreement expires after the 2020 season. That means putting aside a nice little nest egg each month to prepare for the very real likelihood that the owners won't be very amenable to their demands. They'll likely have to go on strike, perhaps for a very long time, but they shouldn't budge on two key issues: guaranteed contracts and a bigger piece of the pie.There are other issues worth talking about, of course. Player safety. Long-term health care. Some additional tweaking to the contract structure (perhaps something more in line with the NBA, which puts restrictions on what the top players can make but creates more opportunities for players in the middle of the pack). Limits on Commissioner Roger Goodell's broad disciplinary powers. The right to peacefully protest (and some sort of settlement and compensation for the blatant blackballing of Colin Kaepernick).Winston said creating a quicker route to free agency is best way to improve the players' lot."What's the union's role in that?" he asked. "How do we help players overcome certain barriers to get to free agency as quickly as possible? We want it coming out of college. Owners want it never. Where does that bargain begin?"Indeed, it's going to be a tough road. But the players need to make one thing clear: If the owners won't agree to some very reasonable demands, they won't have anyone to play the games.Guaranteed. PITTSBURGH (AP) — Donte Moncrief can do the math in his head. Yet the newest Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver has no plans to fill the void left by Antonio Brown."AB is one of the best if not the best ever," Moncrief said on Thursday hours after signing a two-year deal with Pittsburgh. "You can't try to be what he was. You can only be what you are."What Moncrief has been during his five-year career is dependable if not always prolific. A third-round pick by the Indianapolis Colts in the 2014 NFL draft, Moncrief brings 200 career receptions for 2,543 yards and 21 touchdowns to Pittsburgh, where he suddenly finds himself as the most experienced receiver in the room.The 25-year-old wideout has played in 69 games for Indianapolis and Jacksonville. The group Moncrief joins — rising star JuJu Smith-Schuster Germaine Pratt Jersey , James Washington and Eli Rogers (re-signed to a two-year deal on Thursday) — has played in 74 career games combined.Now, the player who was mentored by longtime Colts star Reggie Wayne finds himself in position to do the mentoring in Pittsburgh. Moncrief said the Steelers have a "great room," and if he can be "the guy that pushes guy," it's a role he'll gladly accept.Pittsburgh does provide Moncrief with something he hasn't enjoyed in recent seasons: stability at quarterback. In the last four years Moncrief has caught passes from Andrew Luck, Matt Hasselbeck, Jacoby Brissett, Blake Bortles and Cody Kessler. Barring injury, there is no such uncertainty in Pittsburgh, where 37-year-old Ben Roethlisberger remains a part of the team's long-term plans. Roethlisberger is entering the final season of his contract but is expected to sign an extension in the very near future.That's fine by Moncrief, who heard from Roethlisberger shortly after the deal was completed."He's ready to get going, get some chemistry, lock in," Moncrief said.Moncrief's arrival also gives him common ground with his father, Spencer. The elder Moncrief is a lifelong Steelers fan and told his son a month ago he had a feeling he would end up in Pittsburgh."I'm a Steeler now, so I guess we're in the same boat," Moncrief said.Moncrief can play on both the outside and the inside http://www.bengalsauthorizedshops.com/authentic-ryan-finley-jersey , though his 6-foot-2 frame would seem to make him a perfect complement to the 6-1 Smith-Schuster, with the 5-11 Washington and the 5-10 Rogers working primarily in the slot. Not that it ultimately matters. Offensive coordinator Randy Fichtner showed in his first season that he will get creative with where his receivers line up in an effort to create the best matchup.Moncrief has shown an ability to get downfield. He averaged 13.9 yards per catch playing for the Jaguars in 2018 and had a career-best 15.0 yards per reception during his final season with the Colts in 2017.The numbers, however, don't exactly line up with Brown's historic production. The only player with six consecutive seasons of at least 100 catches is now playing in Oakland after a messy divorce that ended with Brown being shipped to the Raiders for a pair of draft picks.Brown's highly public fallout with the team following his benching in Week 17 created headlines for weeks. Moncrief ignored them and said everyone he talked to before officially joining the Steelers talked about the way the organization treats its players.Pittsburgh prefers to take care of its own, and it did that again when it re-signed Rogers shortly before Moncrief's deal became official. The 26-year-old Rogers made the team as an undrafted free agent out of Louisville. He spent most of 2018 recovering from a torn ACL in his right knee suffered in a playoff loss to Jacksonville 15 months ago. He returned to catch 12 passes for 79 yards in limited action.Both Moncrief and Rogers will get a chance to face newly acquired cornerback Steven Nelson when the Steelers begin organized team activities in the spring. Nelson, who agreed to a three-year contract on Wednesday, picked off four passes for Kansas City in 2018, matching the total of Pittsburgh's entire secondary.Nelson is aware creating takeaways was a problem for the Steelers last season. He hopes to be part of the solution."I know this year will be different," Nelson said Thursday. "We're going to change that around this year."Nelson is also looking forward to the fall and lining up across from the retooled Cleveland Browns, whose receiving group includes Jarvis Landry and Odell Beckham Jr., whom Cleveland landed in a stunning trade earlier this week."I welcome that challenge," Nelson said.


text:
\section{Introduction}
In the limit of massless quarks ($u,~d$),
QCD Lagrangian density for quark field $\psi_f$ can be expressed
in terms of its left and right handed components
$\psi^{L,R}_f=\frac{1}{2}(1\mp \gamma_5)\psi_f$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal L}_{\rm QCD}&=&i\sum_{f=u,d}{\overline\psi}_f\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu\psi_f+..
\nonumber\\
&=&i\sum_{f=u,d}{\overline\psi}^R_f\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu\psi^R_f
+i\sum_{f}{\overline\psi}^L_f\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu\psi^L_f +..,
\label{mq_0}
\end{eqnarray}
which remains invariant under global SU$(2)_L\times$SU$(2)_R$ symmetry
and leads to the conserved Noether currents
$J^{\mu a}_{L,R}={\overline\psi}^{L,R}_f\gamma^\mu \frac{\tau^a}{2}\psi^{L,R}_f$.
This implies that chirality or handedness is preserved
and the associated symmetry of the strong interaction in this limit
is known as chiral symmetry.

The observable particles i.e. hadrons are eigenstates of parity
and so it is useful to work with the
vector and axial-vector Noether currents
\begin{eqnarray}
J^{\mu a}_{V,A}&=&J^{\mu a}_{R} \pm J^{\mu a}_{L}
\nonumber\\
&=&{\overline\psi}_f\gamma^\mu\left\{ \begin{array}{ll}
\displaystyle {\bf 1}
\\
\displaystyle \gamma^5
\end{array}
\right\}\frac{\tau^a}{2}\psi_f~.
\end{eqnarray}
The triplet of charges $Q^a_{V,A}=\int d^3x J^{0a}_{V,A}(x)$
are the corresponding (quantum) generators of
SU$(2)_R\times$SU$(2)_L$ which commute with the Hamiltonian
of QCD
\begin{equation}
[Q^a_{V,A},H]=0.
\label{H_Q_A}
\end{equation}
The states that from irreducible representation (basis) of the
SU(2)$_V$ group can be connected by
\begin{equation}
Q_{V}|V_1\rangle =|V_2\rangle~.
\label{5_112}
\end{equation}
From Eq.~(\ref{5_112}) and (\ref{H_Q_A}) it follows immediately that
\begin{eqnarray}
E_{V_1} &=&\langle V_1|H|V_1\rangle
\nonumber\\
&=&\langle V_1|Q_V^\dagger H Q_V|V_1\rangle
\nonumber\\
&=&\langle V_2|H|V_2\rangle~~=E_{V_2}~.
\label{5_113}
\end{eqnarray}
Thus the symmetry of Hamiltonian $H$ is manifest in the degeneracies
of the energy eigenstates corresponding to the irreducible
representations of the symmetry group.
Since $|V_1\rangle$
and $|V_2\rangle$ must be related to the ground state $|0\rangle$
through some appropriate creation operators $\phi_{V_1}$ and $\phi_{V_2}$
by the relations: $|V_1\rangle=\phi_{V_1}|0\rangle$, $|V_2\rangle=\phi_{V_2}|0\rangle$
and $Q_V\phi_{V_1}Q_V^\dagger=\phi_{V_2}$. On the basis of these relations,
the Eq.~(\ref{5_112}) as well as Eq.~(\ref{5_113}) are satisfied
only when~\cite{Cheng_Li} $Q_V|0\rangle=0$,
which was shown by Vafa and Witten~\cite{Witten}.
Isospin symmetry i.e. SU$(2)_V$ is consequently realized in
the usual Wigner-Weyl mode which is reflected in the
spectrum through the almost degenerate doublet of the
proton and neutron, the triplet of the $\rho^+, \rho^0, \rho^-$ etc.
In addition to the vector charges, if the axial charges also
annihilate the vacuum i.e. $Q^a_A|0\rangle=0$, parity doublets
like scalar and pseudo scalar mesons ($\sigma,\pi$) or vector and axial
vector mesons ($\rho$, $a_1$) should exist in the spectrum.
Although the vacuum hadronic spectra exhibit the absence of such
kind of the doublets, which indicates $Q^a_A|0\rangle\neq 0$
by associating with the non-zero QCD vacuum,
$\langle 0|{\overline \psi}_f\psi_f|0\rangle \neq 0$. These non-zero
relations lead to {\it spontaneous} or {\it Dynamical} breaking of chiral
symmetry (SBCS or DBCS)~\cite{Hayano,Holstein,Koch} even in the zero
quark mass limit, which prevent to break chiral symmetry {\it explicitly}.
Now under the extreme scenario of QCD matter produced
in heavy ion experiments at very high energy, this
broken symmetry may be restored by melting down
the quark condensate. Being associated with this chiral symmetry restoration (CSR),
the non-degenerate spectra of
chiral partners ($\sigma,\pi$), ($\rho$, $a_1$) etc.
may approach towards the degenerate states under such an extreme
state of QCD matter.

In the baryon sector, an equivalent scenario is expected for nucleon
and its (lowest possible) chiral partner $N^*(1535)$.
In this context, a comparative investigation of in-medium spectral function
for $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$ may be very relevant and interesting.
This phenomenology of the baryons are analyzed by various
groups~\cite{Lee,DeTar,DeTar2,Gottlieb,Jido,Jido2,Shuryak,Gallas}
in different theoretical ways such as linear sigma model~\cite{DeTar},
lattice QCD calculations~\cite{DeTar2,Gottlieb},
QCD sum-rule approach~\cite{Jido,Jido2},
instanton liquid model~\cite{Shuryak} etc.
Here this article is intended to investigate this phenomenology
via effective hadronic model, where the thermodynamical parts
are governed by the real-time formalism of thermal field theory.
According to the Refs.~\cite{Koch,Kapusta_Shuryak},
the CSR mechanism may be linked with
the different possible spectral modifications of the chiral partners.
Our aim is to search which one is preferred or indicated
(may be partially) by our hadronic model
calculation at finite temperature?

Next in the formalism part, the expression of thermal propagators
as well as self-energies for $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$ are explicitly
derived. In Sec. (3), the detailed numerical results are discussed
and at last section the intention of the article is summarized.
\section{Formalism}
\subsection{Propagators of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$ in the medium}

We begin with the 11 component of the nucleon propagator
in real-time thermal field theory (RTF),
\begin{equation}
S_{11}^{(0)}(k)=(k \!\!\! / + m_N)D_{11}^{(0)}(k)~,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
D_{11}^{(0)}(k)&=&\frac{-1}{k^2-m_N^2+i\eta} -2\pi i
F_k(k_0)\delta(k^2-m_N^2)~,
\nonumber\\
&&~~~~~~~~~~{\rm with}~~ F_k(k_0)=n^+_k\theta(k_0)+
n^-_k\theta(-k_0)
\nonumber\\
&=&-\frac{1}{2\omega_k}\left(\frac{1-n^+_k}{k_0-\omega_k+i\eta}+
\frac{n^+_k}{k_0-\omega_k-i\eta}
\right.\nonumber\\
&&\left.~~~~~ -\frac{1-n^-_k}{k_0+\omega_k-i\eta}
-\frac{n^-_k}{k_0+\omega_k+i\eta}\right)~.
\label{de11}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $n^{\pm}_k(\omega_k)=1/\{e^{\beta(\omega_k \mp \mu_N)}+1\}$
denote Fermi-Dirac distribution functions of
nucleon anti-nucleon respectively with energy $\omega_k=\sqrt{\vec k^2+m_N^2}$.

With the help of the diagonalization technique this 11 component
of thermal propagator can be transformed to the diagonal element
~\cite{Kobes,Ghosh_thesis},
\begin{equation}
\overline{S}^{(0)}(k)=(k \!\!\! / + m_N)\frac{-1}{k^2-m_N^2+i\eta}~,
\end{equation}
which is exactly same with free vacuum propagator.
The Dyson equation
in terms of the diagonal elements can be represented as~\cite{Kobes,Ghosh_thesis}
\begin{equation}
\overline{S}=\overline{S}^{(0)}-\overline{S}^{(0)}\overline{\Sigma}_N~\overline{S}~,
\end{equation}
where $\overline{S}(k)$ and $\overline{\Sigma}(k)$ are
the diagonal element of complete propagator and
self-energy of nucleon respectively.
Taking scalar part of particle propagation only, we get
the simplified form of nucleon spectral function,
\begin{eqnarray}
&&A_N(k,T,\mu_N)={\rm Im}\overline{S}(k,T,\mu_N)
\nonumber\\
&&=\frac{-{\rm Im}\overline{\Sigma}_N(k,T,\mu_N)}{(k_0-\omega_k-{\rm Re}\overline{\Sigma}_N(k,T,\mu_N))^2
+({\rm Im}\overline{\Sigma}_N(k,T,\mu_N))^2}~,
\nonumber\\
\label{A_N}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\overline{\Sigma}_N={\rm Re}\overline{\Sigma}_N+i{\rm Im}\overline{\Sigma}_N$.
The $N^*(1535)$ will also have a similar form of spectral
function where the nucleon self-energy $\overline{\Sigma}_N$ will be
replaced by it's own self-energy, $\overline{\Sigma}_{N^*}$.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{NNst.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Self-energy diagrams of $N(940)$ (A) and
$N^*(1535)$ (B) for respectively $\pi B$ and $\pi N$ (or $\eta N$)
loops.}
\label{NNst}
\end{figure}
\subsection{self-energies of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$ in the medium}
Next our aim is to calculate
the thermal self-energy of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$
in RTF.
Inside a hot and dense nuclear matter,
the nucleon may be propagated via
different intermediate $\pi B$ loops, where $B$ stand for different
higher mass baryons including nucleon itself. An extensive
set of 4-star baryon resonances with spin one-half and three-half
are taken in this work. They are $N(980)$, $\Delta(1232)$, $N^*(1440)$, $N^*(1520)$,
$N^*(1535)$, $\Delta^*(1600)$, $\Delta^*(1620)$, $N^*(1650)$,
$\Delta^*(1700)$, $N^*(1700)$, $N^*(1710)$, $N^*(1720)$;
where their masses (in MeV) are displayed inside the brackets.
The
diagram~\ref{NNst}(A) has shown the nucleon self-energy for $\pi B$ loop.
The 11 component of self-energy can be represented as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Sigma^{11}_N (k,T,\mu_N)&=&-i\int \frac{d^4l}{(2\pi)^4}L(k,l)D_{11}(l,m_\pi,T)
\nonumber\\
&&~~~~~~~D_{11}(u=k-l,m_B,T,\mu_N)~,
\label{Pi_11k}
\end{eqnarray}
where $D_{11}(l,m_\pi,T)$, $D_{11}(u=k-l,m_B,T,\mu_N)$ are scalar part of
the thermal propagators for pion and
baryon respectively.
The two vertices and the numerator parts of the propagators
are contained in the factor $L(k,l)$.
All the baryon chemical potentials are supposed to be same
with nucleon chemical potential $\mu_N$.
Similar to the propagator matrix, the self-energy
matrix can also be diagonalized into a single component.
The diagonal element and
11 component are related as~\cite{Kobes,Ghosh_thesis}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\rm Im}\overline{\Sigma}_N(k)&=&{\rm coth}\left\{\frac{\beta (k_0-\mu_N)}{2}
\right\}{\rm Im}\Sigma^{11}_N(k)
\nonumber\\
{\rm Re}\overline{\Sigma}_N(k)&=&{\rm Re}\Sigma^{11}_N(k)
\label{R_bar_N}
\end{eqnarray}
Taking the $l_0$ integration in (\ref{Pi_11k}) and then using
the relation (\ref{R_bar_N}), the imaginary and real part of
the diagonal element can be obtained as
\begin{eqnarray}
{\rm Im}{\overline{\Sigma}}_N(k)&=&\pi\int\frac{d^3l}{(2\pi)^3}\frac{1}{4\omega_l\omega_u}
\nonumber\\
&&[L_1\{(1+n_l-n^+_u)\delta(k_0 -\omega_l-\omega_u)
\nonumber\\
&&+(-n_l-n^-_u)\delta(k_0-\omega_l+\omega_u)\}
\nonumber\\
&&+L_2\{(n_l+n^+_u)\delta(k_0 +\omega_l-\omega_u)
\nonumber\\
&&+(-1-n_l+n^-_u)\delta(k_0 +\omega_l+\omega_u)\}]
\label{self_LU}
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
{\rm Re}{\overline{\Sigma}}_N(k)&=&{\cal P}\left[\int\frac{d^3l}{(2\pi)^3}\frac{1}{4\omega_l\omega_u}
\left\{\frac{L_1(1+n_l)-L_3n^+_u}{k_0 -\omega_l-\omega_u}
\right.\right.\nonumber\\
&&\left.\left.+\frac{-n_lL_1-n^-_uL_4}{k_0-\omega_l+\omega_u)}
+\frac{L_2n_l+L_3n^+_u}{k_0 +\omega_l-\omega_u}
\right.\right.\nonumber\\
&&\left.\left.
+\frac{-n_lL_2+(-1+n^-_u)L_4}{k_0 +\omega_l+\omega_u}\right\}\right]
\label{self_Re}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\omega_l=\sqrt{{\vec l}^2+m_\pi^2}$, $\omega_u=\sqrt{({\vec k}-{\vec l})^2+m_B^2}$
and $L_i$ , $i = 1, . . . 4$ denote
the values of $L(l_0)$ for $l_0=\omega_l,~-\omega_l,~q_0-\omega_l,~q_0+\omega_l$
respectively.
The ${\cal P}$ indicates the principal value of the integrals.
Here $n^\pm_u$ stand for Fermi-Dirac distribution functions
of the baryons and anti-baryons
while $n_l$ denotes the
Bose-Einstein distribution functions of the pion in the medium.
The range of
the different branch cuts in $k_0$-axis are (
$-\infty$ to $-\{\vec k^2+(m_\pi+m_B)^2\}^{1/2}$ ) for unitary cut in negative $k_0$-axis,
( $-\{\vec k^2+(m_B-m_\pi)^2\}^{1/2}$ to $\{\vec k^2+(m_B-m_\pi)^2\}^{1/2}$ ) for Landau cut and
( $\{\vec k^2+(m_\pi+m_B)^2\}^{1/2}$ to $\infty$ ) for unitary cut in positive $k_0$-axis.
Owing to the different $\delta$ functions in Eq.~(\ref{self_LU}),
the imaginary part of the nucleon self-energy become non-zero in the
above regions.
We will mainly focus on the unitary and Landau cut contributions
of Im$\overline{\Sigma}$ in positive $k_0$-axis, which are originated from
the first and third term of Eq.~(\ref{self_LU}) respectively. They
can be simplified as
\begin{eqnarray}
{\rm Im}{\overline{\Sigma}}_N(k)&=&\frac{1}{16\pi\vec k}[
\int^{\omega^+_l}_{\omega^-_l}d\omega_l
L_1\{1+n_l(\omega_l)-n^+_u(k_0-\omega_l)\}
\nonumber\\
&&+\int^{\tom^-_l}_{\tom^+_l}d\tom_l
L_2\{n_l(\tom_l)+n^+_u(k_0+\tom_l)\}]
\label{gm_int}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\omega^{\pm}_l=\frac{R^2}{2k^2}(k_0\pm\vec k W)$,
$\tom^{\pm}_l=\frac{R^2}{2k^2}(-k_0\pm\vec k W)$ with
$W=\sqrt{1-\frac{4m_\pi^2k^2}{R^4}}$ and $R^2=k^2+m_\pi^2-m_B^2$.

The vacuum part of Re$\overline{\Sigma}_N$ is not written in the Eq.(\ref{self_Re})
as we are only interested in the medium part. That divergent quantity
is traditionally assumed to take part for generating physical mass
of nucleon.
\begin{table}
\caption{From the left to right columns, the table contain
the baryons, their spin-parity quantum numbers $J_B^P$,
isospin $I_B$, total decay width $\Gamma_{\rm tot}$,
decay width in $N\pi$ channels $\Gamma_{B\rightarrow N\pi}$ or
$\Gamma_B(m_B)$ in Eq.~(\ref{Gam_BNpi}) (brackets displaying
its Branching Ratio) and at the last coupling constants $f/m_\pi$.}
\label{tab}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
& & & & & \\
Baryons & $J_B^P$ & $I_B$ & $\Gamma_{\rm tot}$ & $\Gamma_{B\rightarrow N\pi}$ (B.R.) & $f/m_\pi$ \\
& & & & &  \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
& & & & & \\
$\Delta(1232)$ & ${\frac{3}{2}}^+$ & 3/2 & 0.117 & 0.117 (100\%) & 15.7 \\
& & & & & \\
$N^*(1440)$ & ${\frac{1}{2}}^+$ & 1/2 & 0.300 & 0.195 (65\%) & 2.5 \\
& & & & & \\
$N^*(1520)$ & ${\frac{3}{2}}^-$ & 1/2 & 0.115 & 0.069 (60\%) & 11.6 \\
& & & & & \\
$N^*(1535)$ & ${\frac{1}{2}}^-$ & 1/2 & 0.150 & 0.068 (45\%) & 1.14 \\
& & & & & \\
$\Delta^*(1600)$ & ${\frac{3}{2}}^+$ & 3/2 & 0.320 & 0.054 (17\%) & 3.4 \\
& & & & & \\
$\Delta^*(1620)$ & ${\frac{1}{2}}^-$ & 3/2 & 0.140 & 0.035 (25\%) & 1.22 \\
& & & & & \\
$N^*(1650)$ & ${\frac{1}{2}}^-$ & 1/2 & 0.150 & 0.105 (70\%) & 1.14 \\
& & & & & \\
$\Delta^*(1700)$ & ${\frac{3}{2}}^-$ & 3/2 & 0.300 & 0.045 (15\%) & 9.5 \\
& & & & & \\
$N^*(1700)$ & ${\frac{3}{2}}^-$ & 1/2 & 0.100 & 0.012 (12\%) & 2.8 \\
& & & & & \\
$N^*(1710)$ & ${\frac{1}{2}}^+$ & 1/2 & 0.100 & 0.012 (12\%) & 0.35 \\
& & & & & \\
$N^*(1720)$ & ${\frac{3}{2}}^+$ & 1/2 & 0.250 & 0.028 (11\%) & 1.18 \\
& & & & & \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

The typical form of the $BN\pi$ interaction (effective) Lagrangian densities are as follows
~\cite{Leopold}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal L}&=&\frac{f}{m_\pi}{\overline \psi}_B\gamma^\mu
\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
i\gamma^5 \\
1
\end{array}
\right\}
\psi_N\partial_\mu\pi + {\rm h.c.}~{\rm for}~J_B^P=\frac{1}{2}^{\pm}~,
\nonumber\\
&=&\frac{f}{m_\pi}{\overline \psi}^\mu_B
\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
1 \\
i\gamma^5
\end{array}
\right\}
\psi_N\partial_\mu\pi + {\rm h.c.}~{\rm for}~J_B^P=\frac{3}{2}^{\pm}~.
\label{Lag_BNpi}
\end{eqnarray}
The coupling constants $f/m_\pi$ for different $BN\pi$
interactions have been fixed from
the experimental vacuum widths of corresponding $B\rightarrow N\pi$
decays.
The free parameter of the Rarita-Schwinger field ($\psi^\mu_B$)
is chosen as $-1$~\cite{Peccie}.
Using the Lagrangian densities from Eq.~(\ref{Lag_BNpi}), one can easily
derive
\begin{eqnarray}
L(k,l)&=&-\left(\frac{f}{m_\pi}\right)^2l \!\!\! /(k \!\!\! /-l \!\!\! / -Pm_B)l \!\!\! /
~~~~~~{\rm for}~J_B^P=\frac{1}{2}^{\pm}~,
\nonumber\\
&=&-\left(\frac{f}{m_\pi}\right)^2(k \!\!\! /-l \!\!\! / +Pm_B)l_\mu l_\nu
\left\{-g^{{\mu\nu}}
\right.\nonumber\\
&&\left.+\frac{1}{3}\gamma^\mu\gamma^\nu
+\frac{2}{3m_B^2}(k-l)^\mu(k-l)^\nu
\right.\nonumber\\
&&\left.+\frac{1}{3m_B}(\gamma^\mu(k-l)^\nu-(k-l)^\mu\gamma^\nu)\right\}
\nonumber\\
&&~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{\rm for}~J_B^P=\frac{3}{2}^{\pm}~.
\end{eqnarray}
To avoid the complexity of dealing with Dirac structure of
self-energy as well as propagator, we have followed the simplified
technique of Ref.~\cite{Ghosh_N}, where total self-energy
has been identified as summation of the coefficients of
$\gamma^0$ and unit matrix.
Therefore, ignoring the coefficients of ${\gamma}^i$
for simplification and adding the coefficients of
$\gamma^0$ and unit matrix~\cite{Ghosh_N}, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
L(k,l)&=&-\left(\frac{f}{m_\pi}\right)^2\left\{\left(k\cdot l-l^2
\right)l_0-Pl^2m_B\right\}
\nonumber\\
&&~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{\rm for}~J_B^P=\frac{1}{2}^{\pm}~,
\nonumber\\
&=&-\left(\frac{f}{m_\pi}\right)^2\frac{2}{3m_B^2}
\left\{\left(k\cdot l-l^2\right)^2
-l^2m_B^2\right\}(k_0
\nonumber\\
&&~~~~ -l_0+Pm_B)
~~{\rm for}~J_B^P=\frac{3}{2}^{\pm}~.
\end{eqnarray}
These vertex factors $L(k,l)$ have to be put in Eq.~(\ref{Pi_11k})
to obtain numerical values of nucleon self-energy.

The Lagrangian densities in (\ref{Lag_BNpi}) are not displaying
its isospin structures.
For
$J_B^P={\frac{1}{2}}^\pm$ and $J_B^P={\frac{3}{2}}^\pm$
these isospin structures should be ${\overline \psi}{\vec\tau}\cdot{\vec\pi}\psi$ and
${\overline \psi}{\vec T}\cdot{\vec\pi}\psi$ respectively, where
${\vec T}$ and ${\vec \tau}$ stand for the usual spin $3/2$ transition
and Pauli operator. These isospin structures provide
appropriate isospin factors, which have to be multiplied with the expressions of
corresponding $\pi B$ loop diagrams.
The isospin factor for $\pi N$ or $\pi N^*$ loops is
$I_{N\rightarrow \pi N,N^*}=3$ and for the $\pi\Delta$
or $\pi\Delta^*$, it is $I_{N\rightarrow \pi \Delta,\Delta^*}=2$.

Next we calculate vacuum width of different baryons in the $N\pi$
decay channel to fix their corresponding coupling constants $f/m_\pi$.
With the help of the Lagrangian densities, vacuum
decay width of baryons $B$ for $N\pi$ channel can be
obtained as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Gamma_B(m_B)&=&\frac{I_{N^*\rightarrow\pi N}}{2J_B+1}
\left(\frac{f}{m_\pi}\right)^2\frac{|\vec p_{cm}|}{2\pi m_B}
[2m_B|\vec p_{cm}|^2
\nonumber\\
&&+m_\pi^2(\omega_N-Pm_N)]~~~{\rm for}~J_B^P=\frac{1}{2}^{\pm}~,
\nonumber\\
&=&\frac{I_{\Delta,\Delta^*\rightarrow\pi N}}{2J_B+1}
\left(\frac{f}{m_\pi}\right)^2\frac{|\vec p_{cm}|^3}{3\pi m_B}
[\omega_N
\nonumber\\
&&~~~~~~~+Pm_N]~{\rm for}~~~J_B^P=\frac{3}{2}^{\pm}
\label{Gam_BNpi}
\end{eqnarray}
where $|\vec p_{cm}|=\frac{\sqrt{\{m_B^2-(m_N+m_\pi)^2\}\{m_B^2-(m_N-m_\pi)^2\}}}{2m_B}$
and $\omega_N=\sqrt{|\vec p_{cm}|^2+m_N^2}$.
The isospin factors are
$I_{N^*\rightarrow\pi N}=3$ and $I_{\Delta,\Delta^*\rightarrow\pi N}=1$
for the $N\pi$ decay channels of $N^*$ and $\Delta^*$ (or $\Delta$)
respectively.
Putting the experimental values~\cite{PDG} of $\Gamma_B(m_B)$ in Eq.~(\ref{Gam_BNpi}),
the values of coupling constants $f/m_\pi$ have been fixed, which are shown in
Table~(\ref{tab}).

For the self-energy calculation of $N^*(1535)$, the $\pi N$
and $\eta N$ loops are mainly considered because approximately
$45\%$ and $40\%$~\cite{PDG} of its vacuum width ($\Gamma_{N^*}=0.150$ GeV)
are coming from these two decay channels ($\pi N$ and $\eta N$).
Hence the total self-energy of $N^*(1535)$ is defined as
\begin{equation}
\overline{\Sigma}_{N^*}=\overline{\Sigma}^{\pi N}_{N^*}+\overline{\Sigma}^{\eta N}_{N^*}~,
\end{equation}
where $\overline{\Sigma}^{\pi N}_{N^*}$ and $\overline{\Sigma}^{\eta N}_{N^*}$ are the
individual contributions for $\pi N$ and $\eta N$ loops.
They are diagrammatically shown in Fig.~\ref{NNst}(B).
In the imaginary part of self-energy for $T=0$, the remaining
part of vacuum width $0.022$ GeV ($15\%$ branching ratio)
are added with the numerical contributions of $\pi N$ and $\eta N$ loops.
The expressions of imaginary and real part of $\overline{\Sigma}^{\pi N}_{N^*}$
or $\overline{\Sigma}^{\eta N}_{N^*}$ will be similar with Eq.~(\ref{self_LU})
and (\ref{self_Re}) respectively, where
$\omega_l=\{{\vec l}^2+m_{\pi,\eta}^2\}^{1/2}$ (for $\pi$ and $\eta$ respectively)and
$\omega_u=\{({\vec k}-{\vec l})^2+m_N^2\}^{1/2}$ will be replaced only.
Using Lagrangian density from (\ref{Lag_BNpi}) for $J_B^P=\frac{1}{2}^-$,
one can find the factor $L(k,l)$ for $\pi N$ loop as
\begin{equation}
L(k,l)=-I_{N^*\rightarrow\pi N}\left(\frac{f}{m_\pi}\right)^2\left\{\left(k\cdot l-l^2
\right)l_0+l^2m_N\right\}~.
\end{equation}
Again using the same Lagrangian density, where $\pi$ field only be replaced by
$\eta$ field, we can exactly receive same expression of $L(k,l)$ excluding
the isospin factor ($I_{N^*\rightarrow\pi N}=3$). The corresponding
coupling constant has also be replaced as it has been fixed
from the experimental decay width of $N^*(1535)$ in its $N\eta$ channel.

To include the in-medium effect of $N$ in the $\pi N$ or $\eta N$
loop, the modified $N^*(1535)$ self-energy can be defined as
(similar technique is used for $J/\psi$ in Ref.~\cite{Ghosh_D})
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\overline{\Sigma}^{\pi,\eta N}_{N^*}(k,m_N,T,\mu_N)=\int_0^\infty dM^2
\overline{\Sigma}^{\pi,\eta N}_{N^*}(k,M,T,\mu_N)
\nonumber\\
&&~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\left\{ \frac{A_N(u_0,\vec u,T,\mu_N)}{\int_0^\infty dM^2A_N(u_0,\vec u,T,\mu_N)} \right\}~,
\label{fold}
\end{eqnarray}
where $M^2=u_0^2-\vec u^2$. This modified expression after folding
by nucleon spectral function at finite $T$ and $\mu_N$ can be restored
to its previous form (i.e. the form without folding) if the quantity inside $\{..\}$
of Eq.~(\ref{fold}) is replaced by $\delta(M^2-m_N^2)$.

\section{Results and discussion}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NIm_M.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Imaginary part of nucleon self-energy for different $\pi B$
loops. $B= \Delta^*(1620),~ N^*(1650),~N^*(1720)$ are shown in
lower panel while $B= N(940),~\Delta(1232)$ and total of all loops
are displayed in upper panel. }
\label{NIm_M}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NIm_M2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Same as Fig.~(\ref{NIm_M}) for rest of the baryons
$B=N^*(1440),~ N^*(1520),~\Delta^*(1600)$ (upper panel) and
$B=N^*(1535),~\Delta^*(1700)$ (lower panel).}
\label{NIm_M2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NRe_M.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The corresponding
results of Fig.~(\ref{NIm_M}) for the real part
of nucleon self-energy.}
\label{NRe_M}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NRe_M2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The corresponding
results of Fig.~(\ref{NIm_M2}) for the real part
of nucleon self-energy.}
\label{NRe_M2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NstIm_M.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Imaginary (upper panel) and real (lower panel)
part of $N^*(1535)$ self-energy  for $\pi N$ loop.
Dotted line exhibits the vacuum strength of Im$\Sigma_{N^*}$
coming from unitary cuts only.
The solid line of Im$\Sigma_{N^*}$ reveals two distinct regions
of Landau and unitary cuts, which are overlapped after folding
Im$\Sigma_{N^*}$ by the in-medium nucleon spectral function, $A_N$.
This is shown in dashed line.}
\label{NstIm_M}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NstIm_M2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Imaginary (upper panel) and real (lower panel)
part of  $N^*(1535)$ self-energy for $\eta N$ loop.
Same quantities of Fig.~(\ref{NstIm_M}) are represented
by solid and dashed lines for $\eta N$ loop.}
\label{NstIm_M2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NNst_gm_T.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The temperature dependence of $\Gamma_N$ (upper panel)
and $\Gamma_{N^*}$ without (middle panel) and with (lower panel)
folding by the in-medium spectral function, $A_N$.}
\label{NNst_gm_T}
\end{figure}
Let us start with the results of different
invariant mass
distribution of imaginary part of nucleon self-energy
for different $\pi B$ loops.
In the Fig.~(\ref{NIm_M})
the results for baryons $B=N(940)$, $\Delta(1232)$ (upper panel)
and $B=\Delta^*(1620)$, $N^*(1650)$, $N^*(1720)$ (lower panel)
are shown whereas
the Fig.~(\ref{NIm_M2}) demonstrates the results for baryons
$B=N^*(1440)$, $N^*(1520)$, $\Delta^*(1600)$ (upper panel)
and $B=N^*(1535), \Delta^*(1700)$ (lower panel).
All these results are generated for fixed value of temperature ($T=0.150$ GeV),
nucleon chemical potential ($\mu_N=0$) and nucleon momentum ($\vec k =0.300$ GeV).
The numerical strength for the $B=N^*(1700)$ and
$N^*(1710)$ are so low that they are not displayed with the other baryons.
The total contribution coming from all the loops is
displayed in the upper panel of Fig.~(\ref{NIm_M}).
The Landau regions
for different loops are clearly recognized
from the sharp ending of solid lines for each loops. For example
the Landau region of the $\pi N$ loop is ($M=0$ to $m_N-m_\pi$ i.e.
$0$ to $0.8$ GeV).
The corresponding results of real part for different baryons are
shown in Fig.~(\ref{NRe_M}) and (\ref{NRe_M2}). The contributions
imaginary or real part of nucleon self-energy at its pole have been
marked by dotted line in all of the graphs.

Similarly the imaginary (upper panel) and real (lower panel)
part of $N^*(1535)$ self-energy for $\pi N$ and $\eta N$ loops
are displayed in Figs.~(\ref{NstIm_M}) and (\ref{NstIm_M2}) respectively.
From the solid line of the figures (in the upper panel), the
Landau and unitary regions are distinctly observed. However,
their thresholds have been overlapped with each other after the
folding by the in-medium spectral function of nucleon, $A_N$.
The Eq.~(\ref{fold}) generates this with-folding results, which
are shown in dashed line in Fig.~(\ref{NstIm_M}) and (\ref{NstIm_M2}).
The thermal width $\Gamma_N$ for $N(940)$ and $\Gamma_{N^*}$
for $N^*(1535)$ are extracted from the pole contributions of
their corresponding total imaginary part of self-energy. For two
different values of $\mu_N$, the $T$ dependence of $\Gamma_N$
(upper panel), $\Gamma_{N^*}$ without (middle panel) and
with (lower panel) folding are presented in Fig.~(\ref{NNst_gm_T}).
This non-zero $\Gamma_N(T,\mu_N=0)$ may have very important role
in different relevant quantities (e.g. in shear viscosity~\cite{Ghosh_Neta}),
estimated even for the baryon free matter, produced at RHIC or LHC experiments.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NNst_spec_k.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The spectral function of $N(940)$ (upper panel)
and $N^*(1535)$ (lower panel)
for two different values of $\vec k$.}
\label{spec_NNst_k}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{spec_N_Nst.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The spectral function of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$
for $T=0$ (upper panel) and $T=0.150$ GeV (lower panel).}
\label{spec_N_Nst}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{spec_NNst_mu.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The spectral function of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$
for $T=0$, $\mu_N=0.976$ GeV and $\rho=\rho_0$.
In the upper and lower panel, the results of $A_{N^*}$ without
and with folding (by $A_N$) are shown.}
\label{spec_NNst_mu}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{NNst_spec_mu2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The spectral function of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$
for $T=0$, $\mu_N=1.0276$ GeV and $\rho=4\rho_0$.}
\label{spec_NNst_mu2}
\end{figure}

The total $N(940)$ self-energy contain the
contributions of all of the $\pi B$ loops whereas the total
$N^*(1535)$ self-energy is composed of $\pi N$ and $\eta N$
loops. Using their total self-energy in the corresponding
expression of their spectral functions like
Eq.~(\ref{A_N}), we will get the explicit in-medium structure
of their spectral functions.
The in-medium spectral functions of $N(940)$ (upper panel) and $N^*(1535)$
(lower panel) for two different values of three momentum $\vec k$ are shown
in Fig.~(\ref{spec_NNst_k}). Unlike to vacuum case, the
spectral function at finite temperature become the function of
$k_0$ and $\vec k$ independently which is numerically illustrated
in Fig.~(\ref{spec_NNst_k}).
The effect of temperature on their spectral functions is presented
in Fig.~(\ref{spec_N_Nst}) by displaying the results
for $T=0$ (upper panel) and $T=0.150$ GeV (lower panel).
As the threshold ($m_\pi+m_B$) of unitary cuts of the nucleon self-energy
is far away from the nucleon pole, a small magnitude of vacuum spectral
function is obtained in the upper panel of Fig.~(\ref{spec_N_Nst}).
Since the nucleon pole is situated within the region of Landau cuts,
therefore at finite $T$, a good Breit-Wigner type structure is produced along with the
small structures coming from the unitary
cut contributions. This is displayed in lower panel of Fig.~(\ref{spec_N_Nst}).
Now for $N^*(1535)$ spectral function, the unitary cuts play
a major role in vacuum as well as in medium as its pole is situated within
the unitary cuts for $\pi N$ and $\eta N$ loop diagrams.
Due to folding by in-medium nucleon spectral function,
the thermal width of $N^*(1535)$
increases noticeably which
is already shown in the lower panel of
Fig.~(\ref{NNst_gm_T}). Hence the peak structure of $N^*(1535)$
spectral function melts down after this folding which is denoted
by dash line in the lower panel of Fig.~(\ref{spec_N_Nst}).
The dotted lines are used to mark the bare pole positions
of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$.
At $T=0$ and $\mu_N=0.976$ GeV or $\rho=\rho_0$
(where $\rho_0=0.16$/fm$^3$ is the nuclear matter saturation density),
the modified spectral functions of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$
are presented in Fig.~(\ref{spec_NNst_mu}) where the peak structure
of nucleon spectral function is completely suppressed. The peak
of $N^*(1535)$ spectral function is slightly enhanced from its
vacuum spectral function because its thermal width will face
the Pauli suppression dominantly at $T=0$.
Although this peak strength has been slightly diminished after
the folding, which can be observed in the lower panel of
Fig.~(\ref{spec_NNst_mu}). Again the peak of the small spectral
strength for $N(940)$,
which is coming from its unitary cut contributions, is shifted
towards the peak of the $N^*(1535)$ spectral function. At very high
density their peak positions may be coincided with each other.
This is shown in the lower panel of Fig.~(\ref{spec_NNst_mu2}).

Our first aim of this work is to investigate in-medium modifications
of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$ spectral functions, whose vacuum strengths
are directly linked with the experimental inputs by
fixing coupling constants of effective
Lagrangian densities. Analyzing the detailed branch cuts of their self-energies in RTF,
their in-medium spectral profiles are exhibiting some non-trivial modifications.
Our next aim is to search any indication of CSR from their
non-trivial modifications. We should keep in mind that in the effective hadronic model,
the masses of chiral partners does not directly contain the information of temperature
dependent quark condensate, which is nicely adopted in other chiral models like NJL,
LSM etc. Hence, a transparent indication of parity doublet may not be found as demonstrated
in the different chiral models. However, it is definitely an interesting to search
it in effective hadronic model approach, whose richness is the fixing of
interaction strengths via experimentally observed decay widths. During this searching of
link between CSR and these non-trivial modifications of $N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$ spectral functions,
the conclusions of our hadronic model calculation in RTF are as follows.
During increase of temperature, the Landau peak strength of $N(940)$, which
was completely absent in vacuum, may be approaching to be equal with the attenuated
unitary peak strength of $N^*(1535)$. Whereas, during increase of density (at $T=0$),
the Landau peak of $N(940)$ is hardly suppressed and its unitary
peak is shifted towards the unitary peak of $N^*(1535)$. Following the statements
mentioned in Refs.~\cite{Koch,Kapusta_Shuryak} regarding the possibilities spectral
modifications of chiral partners to associate CSR, these approaching towards the equal
peak strength (at high temperature) and positions (at high density) of these chiral partners
may have some relation with CSR.

\section{Summary and conclusion}
To summarize, the in-medium self-energy of nucleon and it's
chiral partner $N^*(1535)$ are evaluated in the RTF. An extensive
set of pion-baryon loops are taken for the nucleon self-energy
calculation. On the other hand $\pi N$ and $\eta N$ loops
are considered for the $N^*(1535)$.
After summing all the respective loop contributions for
$N(940)$ and $N^*(1535)$, their total self-energies have been
determined which provide them the complete structures of
in-medium spectral functions. Two distinct
peak structure in the nucleon spectral function
have been originated from it's Landau and unitary cut contributions
whereas $N^*(1535)$ acquires a single peak structure from
its unitary cuts.
At high temperature, the spectral profile of both
are broadened with their attenuated peak structures.
At high density and $T=0$,
the peak structure of nucleon spectral function,
coming from the Landau cuts, is completely suppressed
from its pole position. Along with this suppression of
the Landau peak, the unitary peak structure is tending to be
shifted towards the attenuated peak of $N^*(1535)$.
This comparative investigation of in-medium spectral
functions for nucleon and its
chiral partner $N^*(1535)$ exhibit
a non-trivial modifications which may indicate
some association of chiral symmetry restoration.

{\bf Acknowledgment :}
The work is financially supported
by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo,
FAPESP (Brazilian agencies) under Contract No. 2012/16766-0.
I am very grateful to Prof. Gastao Krein for his academic
and non-academic support during my postdoctoral period in Brazil.

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