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Posts Tagged 'women'
Disband the ministry for women and children
Perhaps better known for her penchant to find ways to police social media, the ministry headed by Maneka Gandhi has accommodated NGOs and their agendas easily.
There have in 2016 been several occasions when the work of the Ministry of Women and Child Development has come into the public glare. Not for reasons concerned with the welfare of women and children but instead for the words and actions of its minister, Maneka Sanjay Gandhi, on matters such as abuse of women in social media and paternity leave.
It is however with regard to the subjects that this ministry is concerned with – women and children of Bharat – that the most serious questions arise. As a separate ministry it is only a little over ten years old, having earlier been a department in the Ministry of Education (as the Ministry of Human Resources Development was earlier known) and with the department having been created in 1985.
What does this ministry do? In its own words: "The Ministry was constituted with the prime intention of addressing gaps in State action for women and children for promoting inter-Ministerial and inter-sectoral convergence to create gender equitable and child-centred legislation, policies and programmes." The programmes and schemes run and managed by the ministry deal with welfare and support services for women and children, training for employment and the earning of incomes, gender sensitisation and the raising of awareness about the particular problems faced by women and children.
The ministry says that its work plays "a supplementary and complementary role to the other general developmental programmes in the sectors of health, education, rural development etc" so that women are "empowered both economically and socially and thus become equal partners in national development along with men".
In my view there are several problems afflicting this ministry, not only in terms of what it says its work is, but also in how it goes about its work. As was the case in other countries that were once called the Third World (later called "under-developed" or "developing" countries and now called "emerging markets"), the creation of such departments or ministries came about as an adjunct to the worldwide concern about population growth, and which in Bharat had been through a particularly contentious phase in the 1970s.
Programme promotion material from the WCD. Nice pictures of children, but where are the families they belong to?
That in our case a department was turned into a ministry needs to be considered against a background that has become very relevant now, for the year was 2006 and the Millennium Development Goals (or MDGs) had gone through their first set of comprehensive reviews and 'corrections'. It is relevant because the problems concerning how the Ministry of WCD is now going about its work has to do with the successor to the MDGs, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Looking back even only as far as recent weeks, the view, conduct and agency of this ministry calls into question, in my view, the need for it to continue as a separate ministry. Do read TS Ranga who provides a trailer into the bewildering whims and fancies of the minister. And here is a short list of the very substantial problem areas:
1. "Healthy Food to Pregnant Women-Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)". This means provision of supplementary nutrition to children (6 months to 6 years), pregnant women and lactating mothers. A variety of measures are needed to ensure provision: 'Take Home Ration', a conditional cash transfer scheme to give maternity benefit, 'Village Health and Nutrition Days' held monthly at anganwadi centres, tackling iron deficiency anaemia, a national conditional cash transfer to incentivise institutional delivery at public health facilities.
2. "Universal Food Fortification". Fortification of food items like salt, edible oil, milk, wheat and rice with iron, folic acid, Vitamin-D and Vitamin-A "to address the issue of malnutrition and to evolve a policy and draft legislation/regulation on micronutrient fortification".
3. "Beneficiaries of Supplementary Nutrition Programme under ICDS". The increase in the number of beneficiaries is linked to the "Development Agenda for 2016-2030 of the United Nations" (the SDGs). The ministry delivers three of six ICDS services through the public health infrastructure under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
4. "National Plan of Action for Children 2016". The draft plan is based on principles contained in the National Policy for Children 2013 and categorises the rights of the children under four areas. The draft is being developed by ministries, state governments, and civil society organisations.
5. "ICDS Being Completely Revamped To Address The Issue Of Malnutrition". The ministry is undertaking a complete revamp of the ICDS programme as the level of malnutrition in the country continues to be high. The digitisation of anganwadis is being taken up for real-time monitoring of every child and every pregnant and lactating mother. The ministry wants supplementary nutrition to be standardised through both manufacturing and distribution.
A great deal about 'nutrition', but nothing about the agricultural environment which supplies the nutrition. Unless by 'nutrition' the WCD considers only what MNCs produce as supplements and food 'fortification'.
6. "WCD Ministry and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation sign Memorandum of Cooperation". The memorandum is for technical support to strengthen the nutrition programme in Bharat and includes ICT-based real-time monitoring of ICDS services. The motive is for national and state capacities to be strengthened to deliver nutrition interventions during pre-conception, pregnancy and first two years of life. There will be technological innovation, sharing best practices and use of data and evidence.
7. "ICT enabled Real-Time Monitoring System of ICDS". The web-enabled online digitisation "will strengthen the monitoring of the service delivery of anganwadis, help improve the nutrition levels of children and help meet nutrition goals". This will help draw the nutrition profile of each village and address the problem of malnutrition by getting real-time reports from the grassroot level. It will start with a project assisted by International Development Association (IDA) in 162 high burden districts of eight states covering 3.68 lakh anganwadis.
8. "Draft National Policy for Women, 2016". The policy is being revised after 15 years and is expeceted to guide Government action on women's issues over the next 15-20 years. "Several things have changed since the last policy of 2001 especially women's attitude towards themselves and their expectations from life".
9. "Stakeholders Consultations Held For Policy On Food Fortification". A consultation with stakeholders was held to evolve a comprehensive policy including draft regulations on micronutrient fortification.
What do these tell us?
a) The ministry does not consider either women or children to be part of a family, or an extended family, or a joint family, nor are they part of a village community consisting of peers and elders. The extremely essential months during which women conceive, the post natal period, and the life of the infant until the age of two or three is – under this view – to be monitored and governed by the ministry and its agents. There is in neither of the draft plans mentioned in the points above the briefest mention of culture or community.
b) Such a view, distasteful and profoundly disruptive as it is to the institution of family, has come about because of the influences upon the ministry. Women and children are seen in this view as factors of consumption even within the family, and the decisions pertaining to what they consume, how much and when are to be controlled for lengthy periods of time by implementers and partners of the ministry's programmes and schemes, which themselves are shaped by an international list called the SDGs in whose framing these women, children and their families played no part.
c) Sheltering behind the excuse of delivering the services of the ICDS, the ministry through its association with the Gates Foundation plans to collect at an individual level the medical data of millions of infants and mothers, for use as evidence. By whom? By the partners of the Gates Foundation and its allies which are the multi-national pharmaceutical industry, the multi-national agriculture and crop science industry and the multi-national processed foods industry. Hence we see the insistence on biofortification, micronutrients, ready-to-eat take-home rations and the money being provided (by the government through cash transfers) to buy these substances. The ICDS budget for the duration of the Twelfth Five Year Plan which ends in March 2017 is Rs 1,23,580 crore – a gigantic sum distributed amongst several thousand projects with a few hundred local implementing agencies including NGOs.
d) These objectives alone are reason enough to have the officials concerned, including the minister, immediately suspended and charge-sheeted for conspiracy against the public of Bharat. It is far beyond shameful that the valid reasons of malnutrition and gaps in the provision of essential services are being twisted in a manner that can scarcely be grasped. The 10.3 million children and women that are in the ICDS 'supplementary nutrition' net today form potentially the largest legitimised medical trial in the world, but with none of the due diligence, informed consent and independent supervision required for such trials in the so-called developed countries.
e) The ministry is entirely in thrall to its foreign 'development partners' – UNICEF, World Bank, DFID, WFP and USAID. For this reason the ministry has had the closest and cosiest of arrangements, from amongst all central ministries, with non-government organisations (NGOs) foreign and national. The international bodies such as UNICEF and the World Food Program (WFP) and the large national aid agencies (Britain's DFID and the USA's USAID) provide programme funding to NGOs international and national who work with and advise the WCD ministry. In the 2000s this was in order to comply with the Millennium Development Goals, now it is for the SDGs, and this is why the policy view of the ministry aligns with the UN SDGs rather than with the needs of our families whether rural or urban.
What is the remedy? The ministry manages several programmes that are critical for a large number of families all over Bharat. However these are programmes that have much in common with the aims and programmes of three ministries in particular: the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, and the Ministry of Human Resources Development (for matters pertaining to regulation and policy, the Ministry of Law and justice). These three ministries become the natural recipients of the responsibilities borne thus far by the Ministry of Women and Child Development and when such a transfer of allied duties is effected, some of the most important years in the lives of the children and women of Bharat will not become data points and consumption instances for corporations but return to being families.
Posted in Agriculture and food, health, Population, poverty
Tagged with anganwadi, Bharat, children, health, ICDS, India, Maneka Gandhi, ministry, SDG, women, women and child development
Appraising World Food Day 2013
It must be difficult to be a senior official in the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the UN these days, especially if the official is above 40 years old and has spent the last two decades working "in the field" (which usually means away from some capital city somewhere, in discomfort that is amusingly relative to most of us proletarian toilers). For, I do think that there is still a majority of folk in the FAO who care about their work and the aims of the organisation, muddled though these get when 190-odd member states each bring their own version of reality (and ambition) into the proceedings.
More difficult it is nowadays in an FAO that is being shepherded more closely into the embrace of the OECD, the World Bank-International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organisation embrace, with its murmuring old boys' clubs all shadowy in their suits, adept at facilitating the trade of political positions for corporate board seats. And more difficult it is nowadays in an FAO that is scrutinised every day by NGOs and civil society groups that have successfully ensured that negotiations called 'multi-lateral' must be open before public gaze and can no longer hide behind empty principles when hunger – FAO's single problem – stalks the planet.
Perhaps that is one reason why the FAO has called this year's World Food Day 'Sustainable Food Systems for Food Security and Nutrition' – and notice the addition of 'nutirion', there's no getting away from the N-word these days, so loaded has it become. The theme, to borrow from the typically bland FAO pronouncement, "gives focus to World Food Day observances and helps increase understanding of problems and solutions in the drive to end hunger". Well said, for the umpteenth time.
But there have been departures from the corporate script lately which are surprising. On 2013 October 04 the Director General of FAO, José Graziano da Silva, formalised a tie with La Via Campesina, recognising it as the most important voice of small food producers worldwide. This is seen by Campesina as "yet another welcome step in a series of ongoing reforms of the FAO, which have created a unique and unprecedented space to collaborate with civil society and democratize the arena of global food policy". Easier wished for than done, as Campesina well knows, because the financiers and bankers, agri-commodity trading oligopolies and mafioso, the crooked politicians in the European Union and their willing partners in the 'developing' world are not going to quietly let this happen.
These reforms are aimed at giving the FAO not just more political legitimacy by becoming more inclusive, but also at reviving it as the cornerstone for international cooperation in the area of food security, starting to take such policy decisions out of the hands of the World Bank (WB) or the World Trade Organization (WTO.) While these developments are welcome, the global peasants' movement remains realistic about the amount of energy that should be put into the UN, maintaining its greatest strength on the ground mobilizing farmers and building alternatives.
The IFPRI Global Hunger Index 2013 world map, blatantly patronising in its North-South exclusion. The white areas are not even in the map legend. They correspond to the OECD/'industrialised' world, and the IFPRI/CGIAR view is that the chronic mis-nutrition of western societies has no place in a report on global hunger. Nor does this map consider the growing effects of working class poverty in the OECD countries.
In 2012, at the 39th session of FAO's Committee on Food Security (CFS), the G20 approached the CFS and asked the Committee to agree with what it said on price volatility in agricultural commodities, which since 2007 has dragged tens of millions of households in South and North into hunger and debt. When that happened, and when a compromised CFS agreed, the civil society delegation to the session walked out. The NGOs, social movements, representatives of peasants' federations and associations who were present had, on the contrary, demanded strong regulation of the commodity futures markets that fuel price volatility and the food insecurity of the poorest. But the G20 (and that means the investors in a global agribusiness industry) won that round.
With the help of the CGIAR, what for the sake of convenience we call the G20 will want to win every time. The CGIAR is the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research which runs 15 centres around the world that are described as "independent, non-profit research organizations, innovating on behalf of poor people in developing countries" and as being "home to almost 10,000 scientists, researchers, technicians, and staff working to create a better future for the world's poor". The descriptions about 'independent', 'non-profit' and 'for the poor' are lies, as they have been for every single one of the 40 years of this plague called the CGIAR. But the CGIAR system is large, powerful, almost invisible and little understood except by those in agricultural research systems (such as those in the Indian Council of Agricultural Research) in 'developing' countries.
And that is why the release, a few days ago, of the 'Global Hunger Index' 2013 needs to be interpreted for what it is, because it is the product of one of the CGIAR centres, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). The annual index offers a ranking of hunger, or food insecurity/security for many countries but not all (see the image of the map and its caption). The IFPRI functions worldwide as a motivated think-tank that commissions carefully scripted research to fulfil pre-determined outputs that serve the interests of those who profit from the industrial agricultural system and retail food system.
That such an obvious fifth column finds residence and a willing ear in India ought to be a matter of shame to us. Here is a small example why. The IFPRI, in the 2013 Global Hunger Index, has distributed its 'recommendations' which are from the typical neo-liberal charter of subjugation of the working classes and the denial of choice, all camouflagued by whichever development jargon is found to be currently in vogue.
The cover of the Global Hunger Index 2013 report. Read the recommendations to grasp why this has been released, ignore the data.
Hence "broader policy coherence for development is also a key requirement for efforts to strengthen resilience. Policies that undermine resilience must be revised. To foster resilience to undernutrition, policies should be designed with the intention of improving nutrition outcomes and realising the right to adequate food" in fact means – do away with policies that still see a role for the state and the public sector, hide this behind trendy concepts like 'resilience' and 'right to food', but include nutrition (which I mentioned earlier) because that is the route the MNCs have successfully used.
Hence "encourage and facilitate a multisectoral approach to resilience (as the Scaling Up Nutrition movement encourages a multisectoral approach to nutrition, for example), coordinating plans and programs across line ministries" in fact means – phase out your thinking and replace it with ours, which comes with a United Nations endorsement and which places private business at the centre of policy and its implementation.
Hence "adjust policies and strategies that undermine the resilience of poor and vulnerable groups, such as the low import tariffs or the structural neglect of smallholder agriculture in Haiti" in fact means – remove barriers to food imports, stop subsidies and subventions that the poor, marginalised and vulnerable have a right to in your country (consider the ruckus the World Trade Organisation has been making about India's new National Food Security Act) and spout righteous claptrap about 'neglect'.
Hence "ensure that policies and programs draw on a wide range of expertise such as collaborative, multiagency, and multisectoral problem analysis. National governments should support the emergence of multistakeholder platforms and make active use of such forums" in fact means – the expertise will be foreign and provided by the CGIAR and its numerous allies in all garbs, these 'multi' platforms will be public showcases to conceal an agenda already set.
[The full IFPRI Global Hunger Index 2013 report is here. The 'issue brief is here' for those who want a condensed dose of dangerous neo-liberal vitamins. And the obligatory data set used to support the well-set arguments is here.]
There is no comparison between the IFPRI propaganda and the annual report of the Right to Food and Nutrition Watch 2013, the sixth edition of which was released in 2014 October. The Watch identifies a number of policies that generate hunger and malnutrition instead of reducing them. The Watch insists on the need for meaningful participation – at every level – of people and communities in the development of those public policies which affect their lives.
You will find here national case studies and analysis that show (1) policies that foster violence and discrimination against women with regard to equal access to natural resources, inheritances, equal wages and political decision-making, (2) policies that systematically limit and exclude large groups, including peasants, agricultural workers, fisherfolks, pastoralists and indigenous peoples from participating in those decisions that affect their very livelihoods and (3) policies on a global level that facilitate land grabbing, concentrated ownership of natural resources and the commodification of public goods that deprive smallholders and other people of their food resources.
Posted in Agriculture and food, Conflict, Ecology and environment, Economics and globalisation, Population
Tagged with 2013, CGIAR, Committee on Food Security, FAO, fisherfolk, Food Security Act, G20, gender, global hunger index, hunger, ICAR, IFPRI, IMF, India, La Via Campesina, malnutrition, neo-liberal, nutrition, pastoralist, peasant, poor, poverty, resilience, Right to Food and Nutrition Watch, scaling up nutrition, smallholder, women, World Bank, world food day, WTO
This year marks the 100th anniversary of International Women's Day. The day was commemorated for the first time on 19 March 1911 in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, following its establishment during the Socialist International meeting the prior year.
In July 2010, the United Nations General Assembly created UN Women, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. The UN system in general and UN Women in particular have planned events and campaigns for this 100th year of International Women's Day, and the news and events page is a good way to follow these.
There are also – a Facebook page, a Twitter broadcast and YouTube video streams for UN Women.
Unesco has lined up events and programmes to celebrate International Women's Day. The 2011 edition of Women Make the News, which is designed to promote gender equality in the media, will also start on 2001 March 08, International Women's Day. The theme for this year, Media and Information Literacy and Gender, aims to improve understanding about gender perspectives in the media and information systems.
A special issue of UNESCO's Courier magazine will also be published to mark the occasion. Speaking for the Voiceless: Five Women in Action features interviews with Michaelle Jean (Haiti), Sana Ben Achour (Tunisia), Aminetou Mint El Moctar (Mauritania), Sultana Kamal (Bangladesh) and Monica Gonzalez Mujica (Chile).
The development news agency, IPS, has a number of reports and features focusing on gender.
Patricia Guerrero, founder of a human rights group in Colombia
In 'We Denounce the Militarisation of Our Lives', Patricia Guerrero, founder of a leading human rights group, is interviewed about paramilitary cadres in Colombia which continue to threaten, harass and violently attack women's rights activists. Guerrero helped found the 'City of Women' outside Cartagena in 2003, a space where women displaced by the fighting could evolve from victims to agents of change. Altogether, some 5.2 million people were forced to flee rural areas of this South American country between 1985 and 2010, according to a report released in February by the Consultancy on Human Rights and Displacement.
In 'No Quiet Old Age for South Africa's Grannies', IPS reports on how grandmothers are indispensable in South Africa. They may have been hoping for a restful old age, but the AIDS epidemic has seen them taking on motherhood for a second time, caring for grandchildren whose parents have died of the disease. The 76-year-old Thandiwe Matzinga raised nine kids of her own, three of whom have died of AIDS. She's one of South Africa's many grannies who care for their grandchildren.
Thousands of women farmers in Brazil have demonstrated against the use of toxic weedkillers and pesticides on crops and in favour of agricultural techniques that protect their families' health. According to the Brazilian Crop Protection Association (AENDA), which represents producers of farm chemicals, Brazil uses more than one billion litres of agricultural chemicals a year, making it the top consumer country since 2009 of weedkillers and insecticides. Amanda Matheus, a national coordinator for the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST), told IPS that the use of agrochemicals "is driven by an alliance between large landowners and transnational corporations that gain control of the land and invest in monoculture plantations, such as sugarcane and eucalyptus".
Tagged with 2011, 8 March, activist, agriculture, AIDS, conflict, domestic violence, empowerment, gender equality, health, HIV, human rights, International Women's Day, rural, UN Women, Unesco, women, women's rights
In Orissa, women make the 'panchayat' difference
Premlata is one of several successful women PRI (panchayati raj institution) representatives Orissa has produced. The 73rd amendment of 1993, providing reservation for women at the grassroots level, has gone a long way in the empowerment of Indian women. A report on Infochange India, "Orissa's wonder women', explains more about this social transformation and the difference it has made in rural Orissa.
Observations from Orissa suggest that the journey involved several phases, starting with awe and fear at the inclusion of women in party politics, characterised by 'proxy rule' by male relatives of the female representatives and dominance of male members and senior officials in decision-making, etc. Litali Das, a social activist who works with women's issues, cites some instances. "In 2009, in Nuapada district, some women sarpanchs in Boden block wanted to convene a gram sabha. But the BDO was not convinced. The ladies then showed him the Orissa panchayati raj manual that stipulates the mandatory holding of gram sabhas at least four times a year. The BDO capitulated."
In another instance, Sangeeta Nayak, sarpanch of Borda gram panchayat in Kalahandi district, mobilised around 3,000 people to block the collector's path. They got a doctor appointed in the village primary health centre that had not seen a doctor for years. Similarly, Nayana Patra, a lady ward officer in Baruan gram panchayat in Dhenkanal district, has set an example in improving the education system in her village (the school dropout rate has since declined considerably), and in protecting local forests.
Tagged with Dhenkanal, education, forest, gender, health, India, Kalahandi, Orissa, panchayat, politics, rural, village, women
Facebooked and challenged, India's 12th Plan consultation
Consultations have always accompanied the lengthy drafting process which culminates in a five year plan document. Since the 1990s, these have become more "inclusive", to borrow a catch-phrase that is now much in vogue with Government of India policymakers. Even so, the inclusion has been restricted to academic institutions, trade unions (not any more, sadly), industry associations and trade representations.
The Indian polity, in whose name these Plans (capital 'P') are drafted and debated and approved, have never been a part of this vast, slow process. From the approach paper to the Twelfth Plan however, the Planning Commission has found it scores points by inviting suggestions and comments from anyone interested. Email ids were given out on the website, consultations were held open for public comment via downloadable drafts.
Now the Commission has gone an ambitious step further. A Facebook page, a dedicated website for online consultations and a discussion forum to debate the Commission's 12 "challenges" – that is the engaging approach taken by India's primary planning body for social and economic development.
This approach is still too raw and new to determine whether it can make a difference to the actual drafting of the Five Year Plan. Participatory planning for land and natural resource use has not been encouraged by the central and state governments, and it would be naive to imagine that this situation will change concerning the fundamental planning document for India. Still, it is a beginning, and it is up to those concerned enough to contribute to widen this space.
"The Planning Commission has started the process of preparing an Approach to the 12th Five Year Plan and is adopting a new and more consultative approach. In addition to consultations conducted across the country by organizations representing various citizens' groups e.g., women, dalits and youth, the Planning Commission has for the first time adopted consultation from interested stake holders via the Commission's web-site," said the deputy chairman of the Commission.
"Based on an intensive process within the Commission, 'Twelve Strategy Challenges' [I've listed them below] have been identified to initiate these consultations. The 'strategy challenges' refer to some core areas that require new approaches to produce the desired results. These should not be viewed as chapters of the Twelfth Plan, nor the layout of the Approach Paper, which will be decided only after the consultations are complete. They are only a way of organizing thinking in critical areas."
"To give a few examples, the management of water resources is a critical area and is mentioned under the strategy challenge 'Managing the Environment'. There is an obvious overlap with other challenges such as Rural Transformation and Sustained Growth of Agriculture. Similarly 'Social Justice', which is a critical challenge, will be met in a manner in which many of the other challenges are addressed. Therefore, if a challenge is not highlighted separately, it may be because it is wide enough to be covered by several other challenges. However, we recognize that such cross-cutting challenges must not be lost sight of and they must be adequately recognized and addressed in the Approach Document."
The 'Strategy Challenges' are: Enhancing the Capacity for Growth; Enhancing Skills and Faster Generation of Employment; Managing the Environment; Markets for Efficiency and Inclusion; Decentralisation, Empowerment and Information; Technology and Innovation; Securing the Energy Future for India; Accelerated Development of Transport Infrastructure; Rural Transformation and Sustained Growth of Agriculture; Managing Urbanization; Improved Access to Quality Education; Better Preventive and Curative Health Care. The Strategy Challenges are listed in full here.
The web-based innovation notwithstanding, it is useful to look at the intention through a historical lens. "The — Plan represents the first phase in a scheme of long-term development extending over the next fifteen years or so, the preparation of which will now be taken in hand. In the course of this period, India's economy must not only expand rapidly but must, at the same time, become self-reliant and self-generating. This long-term approach is intended to provide a general design of development for the country's natural resources, agricultural and industrial advance, changes in the social structure and an integrated scheme of regional and national development."
"The size of the task and the many-sided challenge should not be underestimated. The greatest stress in the Plan has to be on implementation, on speed and thoroughness in seeking practical results, and on creating conditions for the maximum production and employment and the development of human resources. Discipline and national unity are the very basis of social and economic progress and the achievement of socialism. At each step, the — Plan will demand dedicated leadership at all levels, the highest standards of devotion and efficiency from the public services, widespread understanding and participation by the people, and willingness on their part to take their full share of responsibility and to bear larger burdens for the future."
Which Plan document does this extract – from the introduction – come from? India's Third Five Year Plan, whose preparation commenced towards the end of 1958 and was carried out in three main stages. The first, leading to the publication of the Draft Outline early in July, 1960, comprised detailed studies by working groups set up at the Centre and in the States. Parliament gave its general approval to the Draft Outline in August, 1960.
Tagged with 12th Plan, 2007-12, 2012-17, agriculture, dalit, development, Five Year Plan, human development, inclusion, India, Planning Commission, rural, Twelfth Plan, women
Women and health in a rural community in India
'Putting Women First: Women and Health in a Rural Community', published by Stree Samya Books
This book is as much about the lives and times of ordinary people as it is about social medicine. It is a doctor's story about her practice, which lets her extrapolate about the realities of rural India for all Indians. Set in Gadchiroli, a district in central India, known for being an underdeveloped and backward area.
The introduction to 'Putting Women First: Women and Health in a Rural Community', tells us that this district is where Dr Rani Bang and her husband, Dr Abhay Bang, set up the clinic for the Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health (SEARCH) and practised medicine that explicitly catered to the Raj Gond, Madiya Gond, Pardhan and Halibi, the dominant tribal groups, along with non-tribal poor people who live in the area.
This settlement goes back to prehistory and is a part of the ancient Dandakaranya forest mentioned in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Rani Bang's research found that 92 percent of women in this region had no access to treatment for gynaecological disorders in the absence of women doctors. Such neglect was exacerbated by 'development' since rural families were, and remain, unprepared for the rapid changes wrought in the spheres of education, information, material enhancement and changes in lifestyle, which impact on relationships and health.
The book plays many roles: a commentary on the 'chronic myopia' of a planning process that refuses to see millions of Indians or to think of the ways in which their lives could be bettered; careful observations on the enormous social changes that impact on tribal society where traditional kinship and ecological systems being sorely stressed; and a logbook of case medicine.
In their own way, the Bangs have set in motion a type of revolution that equips people, communities and administrators with the tools to 'build an indigenous expression of development, one in which the fundamentals of healthcare, interdependence and sustainable economics are paramount'. The last chapter of the book summarises the author's views on recommendations for policy makers.
I was associated in a small way with the early work that went into 'Putting Women First: Women and Health in a Rural Community', and was then asked to write the foreword, a signal honour. I have extracted a few paragraphs of the foreword below, and you can read the full foreword [pdf] here. You can order the book directly from the publisher, Stree Samya, here.
Adivasi 'dais' (traditional birth attendants). A picture from 'Putting Women First'.
In shifting to another section of the Gadhiroli (and indeed of the rural Indian) canvas, 'Putting Women First' speaks sagely of the manifold aspects of the care our population needs: of regional disparities and critical gaps in the health care delivery system, of infant mortality, obstetric care, maternal and child health, of 'dais' and anganwadis, medical termination of pregnancy, and the desperate need for better-staffed primary health centres. "Meeting health needs of women through a system that is sensitive to the differential needs of men and women and their differential access to health care also needs to be taken into account," recommended the National Commission on Population. Bang-bai's clinic practices that sensitivity, day in and day out.
The differentials that Search grapples with routinely are daunting. The very premise of girls' education, especially education of poor girls, is based on an understanding that education is critical to social development, that it leads to lower fertility rates and better child-rearing practices for example. On the one hand, the benefits of women's education are compelling yet all too often, the struggle for the right of girls and women to education gets reduced to issues of access alone. In general, it has been easier for women's groups and voluntary groups to work with girls outside the system of formal education, especially the government system of education which is notoriously inflexible.
If one was to describe a large circle around the Search campus, of say 50 kilometres, one would see in the nearby settlements of Aheri, Brahmapuri and on the Raipur road the assembly-line blocks that in rural India purport to be schools. What does it mean to be 'schooled' in one of these miserable containers? Conditions in these schools are hardly conducive to meaningful learning – none possesses the very basic set of facilities such as adequate classrooms, toilets and drinking water, teaching-learning materials and libraries. As is the case elsewhere in India, physical inaccessibility, irrelevance of curricula, repeated 'failure' and harsh treatment in schools contribute to children dropping out or never enrolling. According to a National Sample Survey Organisation survey (1998), about 26 per cent of those who had dropped out of government schools cited reasons other than poverty – unfriendly school environment, doubts about the usefulness of schooling and an inability to cope with studies. Among girls in rural areas these factors accounted for over 75 per cent of dropouts.
Tagged with Abhay Bang, anganwadi, Dandakaranya, education, Gadchiroli, gender, Halibi, health, healthcare, India, infant mortality, Madiya Gond, Maharashtra, maternal health, medicine, midwife, obstetric care, PHC, poverty, Pradhan, primary health centre, public health, Raj Gond, Rani Bang, rural, tribal, women
BPO opportunities for women in rural India
An onion vendor talks on a mobile phone as he waits for customers at a vegetable market in the old quarters of Delhi April 1, 2010. Credit: Reuters/Adnan Abidi
Unctad has released its Information Economy 2010 report which is titled 'ICTs, Enterprises and Poverty Alleviation'. The report carries very useful analyses of the growth of mobile communications in Asia and South America, and examines how well – or not – information and communications technologies (ICT) are doing for the poorer sections of developing societies. Among the case studies is this one, one a rural business process outsourcing business in India's Rajasthan state. This is what the report said:
Growing demand for business process outsourcing (BPO) services in India is generating new jobs outside metropolitan areas. In the north-western state of Rajasthan, rural women with modest education are earning new income from employment opportunities in the BPO industry. Since 2007, the company Source of Change is providing ICT-enabled services to clients in other parts of India as well as abroad.
Source for Change was founded on the idea that social values can be achieved through the private marketplace. It provides BPO services from its data entry centre in Bagar, a town of about 10,000, most of whom speak only Hindi or Rajasthani. Bagar has one of the lowest rates of female school attendance in India. This all-woman, rural enterprise addresses both business and social needs. For its clients, it competes in the marketplace with high-quality services, such as data entry, web research and local language call services. It has given some rural women the chance to gain technology skills and employment in a location with few similar options.
The company interviewed 27 women, of whom the 10 best candidates were hired. Following two months of training in English and computer skills, they began working as business process associates. For admissions into the training programme, candidates had to have completed 10th grade at school. They also needed to pass a test related to English writing, critical thinking, problem-solving and professionalism.
There are 25 computers and a server in the office. Internet services are provided by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL), through which the company enjoys broadband access to the Internet at the speed of 1.2 Mbps. The company has reliable electricity for 20–22 hours per day. If the electricity is out during work hours, a generator ensures uninterrupted work flow. As of early 2010, the operation had grown to 25 employees in Bagar, and there are plans for further expansion. Source for Change aims to have about 500 employees at the end of 2012. But one day it hopes to offer various IT-based careers to some 5,000 women in rural India. The idea is to set up more small centres in other rural areas. The company intends to develop a 'hub and spoke' system comprising centres with 30–50 employees. With the planned configuration, different centres should be able to share resources. For instance, an IT specialist may serve multiple centres.
The success of Source for Change has led people in Bagar to accept the radical notion of rural women producing high-quality IT services. A challenge for the company has been a general lack of trust among urban-based corporate clients in high-quality BPO services being provided from a rural location. In spite of this scepticism, some clients have been found both inside India and abroad. As of 2010, the main clients of Source for Change included Pratham (India, a large NGO working to provide quality education to underprivileged children in India), the University of California Los Angeles (United States) and Piramal Water (India, a social enterprise that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for rural and urban populations in India).
For the women concerned, working for Source for Change has led to a stronger social standing in their families and communities. Initially, local people in Bagar were sceptical to the idea that women would be able to perform the required IT-enabled work. Those employed soon rose from the status of oddities to community leaders. Women are often also more likely than men to invest their incomes to the benefit of their families. The experience of Source for Change suggests that there is scope for more BPO based in rural areas. Policymakers should identify existing bottlenecks to be removed to foster further BPO dissemination in rural areas.
Tagged with BPO, BSNL, business process outsourcing, cities, education, ICT, income, information economy, internet, IT services, jobs, literacy, metropolitan, mobile communications, poverty, poverty alleviation, Rajasthan, school, Unctad, urban, women
India's new agricultures, clean and local
The new issue of Infochange India's journal, Agenda, is about India's new agricultures. I'm delighted to have edited and compiled this volume, the contributions to which you can read on the Infochange India website. It is in my view a nicely balanced volume, with insight and knowledge from practitioners and academics, government officials and activists. Here are the contents:
Towards a new agriculture – With roughly 45,000 certified organic farms operating in India, there is finally a rejection of resource-extractive industrial agriculture and a return to traditional, sustainable and ecologically safe farming. All over India rural revivalists are rejecting the corporatised, programmatic, high-input model of agriculture and following agro-ecological approaches in which shared, distributed knowledge systems provide ways to adapt to changing climate and a shrinking natural resource base. Rahul Goswami explains.
An evolutionary view of Indian agriculture – Farmers work with knowledge systems that evolve with time and circumstance. They learn and unlearn, choosing the appropriate knowledge in their struggle to earn a livelihood. While scientists rely on averages, the knowledge of local people is dynamic and up-to-date, continually revised as conditions alter, writes A Thimmaiah. The integration of scientific knowledge systems with indigenous knowledge systems is vital to make agriculture sustainable.
Tamil Nadu's organic revolution – With chemical farming becoming uneconomical and grain yields declining, more and more farmers are switching to organic agriculture, says natural scientist G Nammalvar in this interview with Claude Alvares. Nammalvar has been training organic farmers and setting up learning centres in Tamil Nadu for three decades. Trainings sometimes need to be held in marriage halls in order to accommodate up to 1,000 farmers.
Return to the good earth in Sangli – Jayant Barve used to market chemical fertilisers and pesticides and practise chemical agriculture himself. In 1988, he switched to sustainable agriculture, and has never looked back since. In this interview he emphasises that despite much lower input costs, organic farming does give the same yield as chemical agriculture, sometimes even more. An interview by Claude Alvares.
Gulmohur trees in bloom, May in Maharashtra
The new natural economics of agriculture – Farmer Subhash Sharma watched the decline of his soil and agricultural yields before he let nature be his teacher and understood the agro-economics of agriculture. He abandoned insecticides and chemical fertilisers and relied instead on the cow, trees, birds and vegetation.
Climate change and food security – Rice production in India could decrease by almost a tonne/hectare if the temperature goes up 2 C, while each 1 C rise in mean temperature could cause wheat yield losses of 7 million tonnes per year. A recent national conference on food security and agriculture deliberated strategies to protect agriculture, food and nutrition security in the time of climate change. Suman Sahai reports.
Local solutions to climate change – In developing countries, 11% of arable land could be affected by climate change. Indeed, farmers are already facing the impact of climate change. The need of the hour, say Sreenath Dixit and B Venkateswarlu, is not to wait for global agreements on mitigating climate change but to act locally, intelligently and consistently, as is being done with water harvesting solutions for rainfed agriculture in Andhra Pradesh.
Tackling climate change in Gorakhpur – The people of Gorakhpur district, UP, have come to expect heavy rains followed by long dry spells as a consequence of climate change. But they are no longer allowing climate change to affect their crops. At shared learning dialogues, they are learning about the benefits of multi-cropping, alternative farming, soil management and seed autonomy. Surekha Sule reports.
In the state of Goa, western India, new residential blocks loom over shrinking fields. The produce from such fields once fed the capital city of Panaji, which now imports food 130 kilometres from the neighbouring state of Karnataka
Agriculture at nature's mercy – In recent decades, market forces have prompted farmers in the Sunderbans to choose modern, high-yielding varieties of paddy, oblivious to their sensitivity to salt. Cyclone Aila, which caused a huge inundation of salt in the fields, proved that this was a costly mistake: every farmer who sowed the modern seed ended up with no produce, while those who planted traditional salt-tolerant varieties managed to harvest a little rice. Sukanta Das Gupta reports.
Resilience of man and nature – Cyclone Aila seemed to have broken the back of agriculture in the Sunderbans. Most observers, including Santadas Ghosh, felt it would be years before agricultural activity got back to normal. But just three months after the cyclone, salinity notwithstanding, seeds were sprouting and the freshwater ecology stirring with life.
Animal farms – The Green Revolution impacted livestock-rearing as well as agriculture. Farmers were encouraged to shift from low-input backyard systems to corporatised capital-intensive systems. As a result, write Nitya S Ghotge and Sagari R Ramdas, there was an artificial divide between livestock-rearing and agriculture, leading to the further crumbling of fragile livelihoods of small and landless farmers. Organisations such as Anthra are now working with communities to revitalise and re-integrate livestock and agriculture.
Women farmers: From seed to kitchen – Women contribute 50-60% of labour in farm production in India. There is evidence to suggest, writes Kavya Dashora, that if agriculture were focused on women, outputs could increase by as much as 10-20%, the ecological balance could be restored, and food security of communities improved.
Local grain in Mapusa market, North Goa
Empty claims of financial inclusion – Government has been broadcasting its success in doubling institutional credit to the agricultural sector. But these numbers have little meaning: 85% of accounts opened were inoperative, 72% had zero or minimum balance, and only 15% had a balance over Rs 100. It is paradoxical, writes P S M Rao, to talk about 'inclusive growth' when our policies and practices tread the path of exclusion.
Natural farming, tribal farming – In major parts of India, agriculture is in crisis, with very low returns and large-scale destruction of cropped lands. Conservation agriculture can help small and middle farmers escape the downward spiral that impoverishes them even as it destroys the soil and ecosystem, writes Vidhya Das. Tribal farmers in particular have an intuitive understanding of natural farming techniques, Agragamee discovered during its nascent initiatives in organic conservation agriculture with tribal farmers in Orissa.
The home gardens of Wayanad – Wayanad, which has been in the news for the high number of farmer suicides, is also known for widespread homestead farming. A typical home garden integrates trees with field crops, livestock, poultry and fish. Home gardens form a dominant and promising land use system and maintain high levels of productivity, stability and sustainability, say A V Santhoshkumar and Kaoru Ichikawa.
Small farmer zindabad – More than 80% of India's farmers are small and marginal farmers. It has been empirically established that small farms produce more per hectare than their larger counterparts. It is therefore imperative to protect the interests of small farmers through measures that help promote and stabilise incomes, reduce risks, and increase profitability, and at the same time improve availability and access to inputs, markets and credit. Extract from the report of the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS), 'The Challenge of Employment in India: An Informal Economy Perspective' (2009).
The tired mirage of top-down technology – India's large and complex public agricultural research and extension system, obsessed with the area-production-yield mantra, is geared towards harnessing technology to close the yield gap, while overlooking ago-ecological approaches entirely. This has been an error of staggering proportions, says Rahul Goswami.
The gap between field and lab – In India, publicly-funded research shapes the choices available to farmers, food workers and consumers. But farmers and consumers are only at the receiving end of agricultural research, never involved in it, says Anitha Pailoor. Raitateerpu, a farmers' jury in Karnataka, wants to ensure that citizens are involved in decisions around science, technology and policymaking.
Kudrat, Karishma and other living seeds – Prakash Raghuvanshi has developed dozens of high-yielding, disease-resistant, open pollinated seeds, distributing them to 2 million farmers in 14 states. He also trains farmers in the basics of selection and plant breeding at his small farm near Varanasi. His aim is clear: to conserve and protect desi (indigenous) seed varieties, thereby freeing the farmer from the stranglehold of foreign seed companies and the cycle of debt and dependence. Anjali Pathak reports.
Tagged with Agenda journal, agriculture, Aila, cattle, chemical farming, climate change, cow, ecological, farm credit, food security, green revolution, home garden, India, indigenous knowledge, Infochange India, insecticide, Kerala, knowledge, livestock, marginal farmer, mitigation, natural resource, NCEUS, nutrition, organic, Orissa, Paddy, research, rice, seed, Sundarban, tribal, Uttar Pradesh, Wayanad, women


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Divided We Stand: Political Reflections on the Federal Experiment
Was the federation of the six Australian colonies into a Commonwealth of Australia really such a good idea? What were the alternatives? Might there have been a better way of doing things? The hard and brutal fact is that the Federation in the end was a political compromise; it was a product of some ferocious horse-trading and Canberra is its monument. This lecture looks at the politics - as distinct from the legal and financial aspects - of Australia's federal arrangements. How the politica
Closing the Gaps in Indigenous Mortality & Housing: Perspectives from the Social Sciences
In delivering an apology to the Stolen Generations the Prime Minister set a concrete target to halve the gap in infant mortality rates between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children within a decade. Related to this is a subsequent declared need to improve housing conditions for Indigenous Australians with the establishment of a housing policy commission as the first step. In this forum, leading academics discuss the scale and nature of the issues facing the new government as it attempts to achie
Launch of the National Security College
Australias first National Security College will begin activities in May after its official launch by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd at The Australian National University on Saturday 24 April 2010.In a major address on national security, the Prime Minister said the National Security College at ANU will enhance collaborative leadership in the national security community and build trusted networks within and outside government.For more about the National Security College: http://nsc.anu.edu.au/
The Future of East Timor
In his first visit to Australia as Prime Minister of Timor-Leste, Dr Jose Ramos-Horta discusses the current political situation in his country. Dr Ramos-Horta, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate and accomplished diplomat, was handed one of the biggest challenges of his life on 10 July 2006, he became Timor-Leste's second Prime Minister. He came to the position amid high expectations that he restore political stability, reconstitute the security forces, promote development, eradicate corruption a
Coercive Reconciliation: Stabilise, Normalise, Exit Aboriginal Australia
On 21 June 2007 Prime Minister John Howard and Minister for Indigenous Affairs Mal Brough declared a 'national emergency' in relation to child sexual abuse in the Northern Territory. In an unprecedented set of actions, the Commonwealth has taken direct control of communities, overriding the authority of both the NT Government and local community organisations in the name of creating safe and healthy environments for children. In this public lecture, Dr Hinkson, Professor Behrendt, Ms
Australians: What Are We? How Do We See Ourselves? How Do Others See Us?
What does it mean to be Australian in 2007? How do we as Australians see ourselves? How are we as a nation, culture and society, perceived by others? How have recent actions and policies affected attitudes within Australia and the perception of other people of Australia? Former Prime Minister of Australia Rt Hon Malcolm Fraser discusses the implications of independence as a state.
Virtual Maths - Numbers, 2D Triangle simulation tool
Diagram and formulas for are and volume of 2D shapes
Wounded At Antietam 1862
This is the opening sequence of Lincoln and Lee, directed by Rob Child, that depicts a young civilian Mary Bedinger Mitchell engulfed by the unending stream of wounded Confederate soldiers from the Battle of Antietam-1862. This 1:40 videos shows students what it was like during this battle. Video shows wounded soldiers.
Ruth Perry on the Graduate Consortium of Women's Studies
Until the 1980s, the icy satellites of the outer planets were scarcely thought of as places where life could ever have existed. Few could have imagined that one of them, Europa, would within twenty years have become the rival of Mars as a priority for astrobiological study. This course recounts the history of our changing perceptions of the icy satellites, examines the available evidence for their internal structures, and considers the niches offered for life to begin and to be sustained. In
The Economist asks: How can we improve the way we die?
As medicine transforms the way terminal patients are cared for, do we risk sacrificing what really matters in the name of survival? The Economist's global public policy editor, John McDermott, speaks to surgeon and author Atul Gawande about making the inevitable palatable
King Lear to In the loop : fiction and British politics
On 11 December 2009, Nottingham University's Centre for British Politics held a conference at the British Academy that drew together politicians, writers and academics to explore the interaction of British politics and fiction. In addition to the conference several video interviews were conducted with some of the speakers on the day. In this interview taken at the Fiction and British Politics Conference in London, writer Laurence Marks discusses his political screenwriting with Maurice Gran,
Author(s): Marks Laurence
Except for third party materials (materials owned by someone other than The University of Nottingham) and where otherwise indicated, the copyright in the content provided in this resource is owned by
Éviter la récursivité : une version itérative (Vidéo)
La fonction récursive que nous avons obtenue est d'un code assez compact et plutôt élégant, mais effectivement peu efficace. Pourquoi ? Rappelons son fonctionnement. Cette fonction est d'abord appelée pour calculer le coût de ce nœud-là. Nécessitant le coût optimal de ce nœud, celui-ci et celui-là, elle est ré appliquée, ...
3.4 Stereoscopic vision
DA explains that ancestral monkeys had to 'decide whether a branch was within reach of a stretch or a jump - or beyond either' [p.248]. Individuals that were able to judge distances between themselves and branches more accurately had a competitive edge over other individuals, which led to the development in primates of stereoscopic vision. Stereoscopic vision evolved convergently in carnivores that judge distances to capture fast-moving prey.
The field of view of a single eye is termed
2.2 Vibrant civil societies and a networked globe
One thing is common to all three attempts to find a route to a sustainable economy and society: in different ways they all assume that people will get actively involved in making human societies more sustainable. But this transformation will not take place through the corporate world's promises, by local protectionism, a return to 'strong states' or the publication of numerous indicators. Any of the three positions outlined above requires interactions and feedbacks created by a vibrant
4.5 An overview of problems and solutions
You may come up against problems in online conferences that cause you frustration or annoyance, and make you less likely to participate. In the following subsections we discuss ways to handle the challenges of:
not knowing what to say;
feeling you are saying too much;
not everyone participating;
there being too much to do;
nobody saying anything.
Doblhofer, Ernst, Voices in Stone (Paladin, 1973; orig. edn. 1957). Not especially mathematical, but a good account of the decipherment of hieroglyphs and cuneiform texts if you want to follow that up.
Flegg, Graham, Numbers (Penguin, 1984; orig. edn. 1983). A book packed with much more information about numbers and their history than we have time for during the course.
Roz Williams: "Communications Forum: Public Communications in Slow-Moving Crises"
(Full talk, featuring Roz Williams, Abrahm Lustgarten, and Andrea Pitzer: http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/c4fcm:1502/videos/9524-communications-forum-public-communications-in-slow-moving-crises-) Governments, corporations, and communities plan for sudden crises: the White House drafts strong responsive rhetoric for the next terrorist attack; Toyota runs reassuring national TV spots within hours of a product recall; and 32 Massachusetts towns successfully publicize water distribution sites fol
The Life of Rousseau
This video is all about Rousseau's life. It goes into the ways that he changed his world and enlightened people to a new way to think. It also talks about how his ideas are still effecting us today.
Les principes clés de l'économie de fonctionnalité (Vidéo)
Béatrice Bellini propose une définition de l'économie de fonctionnalité, et situe ce modèle dans une perspective historique.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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International day to end impunity for crimes against journalists observed every year on_________?
Hamad General Knowledge MCQs 24/12/2022
A. 1 November
B. 2 November
C. 3 November
D. 4 November
What is the capital of Vietnam
A. Dhaka B. Ajmaan C. Hanoi D. none of these...
What are the flat, treeless plains of Argentina called
A. Pampas B. Moss C. Lichen D. none of these...
Yousaf Saleem has been appointed Pakistan's first blind civil judge of ___________ court.
A. Supreme Court B. Islamabad High Court C. Lahore High Court D. Karachi High Court...
Pakistan is hosting IDEAS (International defence exhibition and seminar) since 2000 after every ________ years?
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4...
What is the Weight of ValleyBall ball?
8 to 9 ounce 9 to 10 ounce 10 to 11 ounce 11 to 12 ounce...
Which interim minister of Sindh has been awarded the portfolio of irrigation, inter-provincial coordination, public health engineering, rural development, works and services department?
How many districts are in Sindh ?


12. Take special care with sharp, weighted, or breakable decorations. Lacerations were among the top reported decoration–related injuries last year.
Between 2010 and 2012, candles were the source of an estimated 6,500 residential fires annually, causing 80 deaths, 650 injuries, and $237 million in property loss per year.
Checking a tree for freshness is easy.
From 2010 to 2012 there was an estimated annual average of 200 fires where the Christmas tree was the first item ignited, causing 10 deaths, 20 injuries, and $17 million in property loss per year.
2. Use caution on ladders. Read our Ladder Safety 101 blog for tips to prevent ladder falls this season. 41% of holiday decorating injuries involve falls. Falls from ladders account for about half of these incidents.


Womens Health & Household Companies staff concentrate on women's health points, providing medical, counselling, drug and alcohol assist, home violence, mental health and other well being companies for women and their households. We focus on your well being and properly-being not only during your visits, but also by partnering with medical specialists within Cooley Dickinson and the Massachusetts Basic Hospital networks. Your women's well being care workforce might embrace fellows, residents and medical students, who work beneath the close supervision of attending physicians.
Whether you're hoping to develop your family or in search of ladies's well being experts who really feel like family, you'll be able to count on Aurora to blend modern know-how, superior research and compassionate care that will help you reside life to the fullest.
Our goal is to provide compassionate and comprehensive care to satisfy the individual needs of our sufferers. Dr. Scott Matson of Women's Health CT explains a no-needle, no-scalpel vasectomy – a easy and short in-office process that requires no stitches. When you already confirm your pregnancy and come up with a call, free abortion clinic area is only a telephone away. Our purpose is to supply our patients with the most advanced and comprehensive obstetric and gynecological wellness companies in a warm and pleasant environment. From delivery via menopause and past, the Ladies's Healthcare Middle supplies particular care for each stage of a girl's life. Our crew is dedicated to enhancing the well being of the area's girls and offering attentive, highly personalised take care of you.
The multiple Emmy®-award winning chief medical correspondent is a training neurosurgeon who plays an integral role in CNN's reporting. Our schools and communities have to take daring steps to teach and empower families into making your best option of indigenous and nutrient-dense food." The government encourage extra Filipinos to eat brown rice due to its well being advantages and nutrient content.


The local authority agreed to sell off some land in Falkirk town centre to help a Muslim group improve and extend its mosque.
At a meeting of Falkirk Council's executive on Tuesday, members decided to declare two areas of land located at Burnhead Lane and East Bridge Street surplus to operational requirements and authorised the director of development services to dispose of the property by negotiation with Falkirk Muslim Educational and Cultural Centre (FMECC).
The report stated it is estimated FMECC will be investing between £650,000 and £750,000 on the land to extend its mosque.
Councillor Pat Reid wanted to know if the fact the land becoming surplus to requirements had been advertised,because he knew of a group at a nearby mosque who may have been interested. He was told the matter had not been advertised and grew out of FMECC approaching the council with the request.
Councillor Alan Nimmo had concerns he was agreeing to something without knowing the actual value of the land that was being sold.
It was stated the land was not high value and information would subsequently be presented to Councillor Nimmo when a valuation had been carried out.
Back in 2013 FMECC received £120,000 from a bank loan and community donations to enable the mosque to double its size – catering to 200 people – and improve kitchen and toilet facilities.


Within the US 15 to 20% of pregnancies will end in a miscarriage, 1 in 160 babies will be stillborn (about 26,000 a year) and 1 in 6,000 will pass away sometime during infancy. With these statistics, it is very likely each of us knows someone who has experienced pregnancy and or infant loss.
During October you might see people going "pink and blue" for PAIL awareness. I have seen people change their profile pictures to pink and blue, dye their hair pink and blue, paint their nails and decorate their baby's graves in you guessed it pink and blue all in the hopes that others will become more aware of what PAIL is. How can you help support PAIL awareness during this month?
What will I be doing this October 15th? First I will go decorate the graves of a few baby's pink and blue who parents do not live close enough to do it themselves (my kids love doing this). Then we will light a candle for each baby we know who has gone too soon from our daughter Bryton's grave at 7pm. Us PAIL parents did not choose this, we did not wake up and decide to join this unfortunate club that has no real name and is too sad for many to acknowledge. But we are here, what we have been through is real, and our baby deserves to be remembered not only on October 15th but always.


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Dr. Alex Redinger
Astrid Tobias
Adamantia Galani
Thibaut Gallet
Christian Kameni
Boumenou
Evandro Lanzoni
Rommelfangen
Ricardo Gonçalinho
Dr. Ulrich Siegel
Dr. Bernd Uder
Phirke
Thibaut Gallet is a PhD candidate in Physics at the University of Luxembourg in the Scanning Probe Microscopy Laboratory of Alex Redinger. His research focuses on the co-evaporation of hybrid perovskite absorbers and their characterization using a variety of scanning probe microscopy techniques.
He received his BSc and MSc in Materials Science from INSA Lyon (France) with a focus on semiconductor physics and obtained a second MSc in Nanoscale Engineering from Centrale Lyon (France). His Master thesis carried out in the group of photovoltaics of Alain Fave, at the Institute of Nanotechnologies in Lyon (INL) was on the fabrication of silicon tunnel junction for tandem solar cells, which gave him a genuine interest in solar cell physics.
Evandro M. Lanzoni is a Phd candidate in Physics and Materials Science at the University of Luxembourg. His research is focused in scanning probe microscopy based techniques applied to the investigation of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) grain boundary epitaxially grown on GaAs substrate.
He studied Physics at São Paulo State University – UNESP (Brazil) and he received his Msc in Science and Technology of Materials also at São Paulo State University – UNESP (Brazil). In 2012 he joined as a trainee at Tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopy Group - MTA/LNNano (currently laboratory for Surface Science - LCS/LNNano). From 2013 to 2018, he worked as a specialist technician of the same group. He has a vast experience in scanning probe microscopy based technique, such as STM, AFM, EFM, KPFM, MFM, SCM, NanoIR, SNOM, LFM, Nanolithography, etc.
Christian KAMENI BOUMENOU is a PhD candidate in the scanning probe microscopy (SPM) Lab of the university of Luxembourg. His research topic is mainly based on the nanoscale investigation of the surfaces, interfaces and grain boundaries and the electronic properties of polycrystalline Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells absorber layers, by using different surface sensitive characterization techniques such as STM, STS and KPFM. Additional measurements like XPS and UPS are also used.
He received his BSc in physics and MSc degree by coursework in materials science from the university of Yaounde 1, in Cameroon. He then went to Nelson Mandela University (NMU) in South Africa where he obtained a second MSc degree by research where his Master thesis was on cross-sectional surface potential imaging of n-type/p-type GaAs grown on semi-insulating GaAs using both amplitude and frequency modulation KPFM. His research works were carried out in the semiconductor materials and nanostructures Lab of Professor Reinhardt Botha.
Jonathan Rommelfangen is a Phd candidate in Physics and Materials Science at the University of Luxembourg. His research is focused in scanning probe microscopy based techniques based on the 2D material MoS2.
He received his BSc and MSc in Physics from the University of Luxembourg. His Master thesis carried ou in the SPM group was on the growth and characterizations of MoS2.
Himanshu Phirke is a PhD candidate in Physics at the University of Luxembourg in the Scanning Probe Microscopy Laboratory of Alex Redinger. His research focuses on the correlation of optical and electronic properties of halide perovskite and CIGS using PL and KPFM.
He received his BSc in Physics from University of Pune, India and his MSc in Physics from California State University Northridge, USA. His Master thesis was based on STM and the study of the work function change of Graphene on copper and Nitrogen-doped graphene on copper.
Ricardo Poeira prepared his thesis for the Master of Science in Physics at the University of Luxembourg. The topic of research was the growth of perovskites by physical vapor deposition and their characterization for device application.
He received his BSc in Physics from the University of Luxembourg. His BSc thesis was carried out in the Laboratory for Energy Materials, headed by Prof. Phillip Dale, and focused on electrochemical deposition of Cu layers and on optimizing their morphology. He is now doing is PhD with Prof Philip Dale.
Bernd Uder started in April 2019 as technical staff at the University of Luxembourg to support research activities of the Physics and Materials Science Research Unit.
He is also the laser safety officer for the University of Luxembourg at the Limpertsberg campus.
After his diploma in physics in 1993 he worked for more than 20 years at Omicron NanoTechnology (now Scienta Omicron) in test, service, engineering and product management. Bernd is specialized in Scanning Probe Microscopy, Thin Film Systems and Surface Science Instrumentation.
He returned as PhD student in 2015 to the Saarland University in Saarbrücken (Germany) and started research on the elasticity of freestading graphene membrane (B. Uder et al. Nanoscale 2018, 10, 2148 "Low-force spectroscopy on graphene membranes by scanning tunneling microscopy") and obtained his PhD in Physics in 2018.
Joé Seil
Uzair Farooq
Joana Ferreira is a PhD candidate in Physics and Materials Science at the university of Luxembourg, in the Scanning Probe Microscopy Laboratory, under the supervision of Alex Redinger. Her research is based on the epitaxial growth of tin perovskites and their characterization.
She received the BSc and the MSc in Physics from the university of Luxembourg. Her Master thesis was carried out in the LPM group at the University of Luxembourg and consisted in the study of polymer crystallization using fast differential scanning calorimetry.


But if you are a multiple computer household a much better option is to invest in a NAS driver. A what?? NAS stands for Network Attached Storage. In other words, this type of drive will be available to every computer (and other media devices) connected to your home network. This means that you can store just about anything for use on multiple devices. I rip all of my kids movies to my NAS drive. We can then play them from all computers in the house, my LG Wi-FI connected TV, the Roku box, etc. The possibilities are endless.
The Buffalo CloudStor Solo Personal Cloud Storage drive is a great way to share your data not only when in your home, but away from home as well. Just like with other cloud based storage services, you can access your data remotely by accessing a special URL, or even access it from your iPhone, iPad, or via the Pogoplug app.
The drive was very easy to setup. You plug in the power, plug it into your router and access http://cloudstor.pogoplug.com to configure the drive. The drive will show up in your "Network Neighborhood" in Windows, and your Shared Drives on your Mac. There is also an option to stream photos, videos, and music to your PS3 and Xbox on your home network.
With 1TB of space there is plenty of space for most home needs. But, if that is not enough, the drive is also available as a 2TB drive. You can choose how you want to use the drive. You can use it for backups, data storage, media sharing, or all of those combined.
I have tried NAS drives before, but so far this one is the easiest to setup and use. Even if you are not familiar with networking you can get it up and running in no time. I would just offer a two quick suggestions for getting the most out of the drive.
1. Rename the CloudStor drive to something unique for your network. I give every computer and network device in my home a uniform but unique name so I know just by looking at it which device it is.
2. Password protect your drive. Extra security is never a bad thing.
In addition to your 1TB of storage on your CloudStor drive you also get 5gb of web based cloud storage which you can use to store or share commonly used files, similar to Dropbox.
The 1TB Buffalo CloudStor drive can be purchased for $139.99. And the 2TB version is a great deal at $179.99.
Disclosure: The CloudStor was provided to me in exchange for this review. All opinions are my own.
This is a poor attempt of a NAS Cloud box. It only has 1 interface and that is an RJ45 ethernet port to connect it to your WIFI router. On most WIFI routers the data rate is 100MB witch means it takes an age to transfer large files. This unit is short of a USB interface to quickly move data. The web interface is slow also.
This is my next tech purchase. I have the "save every single darn digital picture" issue/disorder and it eats up my memory. Saving the to something like this would allow me easy access and I won't lose them.


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Review: L.A. Ballet's ambitious all-Balanchine program leads to missteps, but also one big triumph
Tigran Sargsyan and Lia Cirio perform George Balanchine's 1956 "Divertimento No. 15," a Los Angeles Ballet premiere at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
(Allen J. Schaben / Los Angeles Times)
Los Angeles Ballet's Kenta Shimizu performs George Balanchine's "Prodigal Son" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
George Balanchine's "Prodigal Son" is a challenging, experimental ballet. Here, Kenta Shimizu of the Los Angeles Ballet performs the work at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
Kenta Shimizu and Elizabeth Claire Walker in Los Angeles Ballet's "Prodigal Son."
Los Angeles Ballet's Kenta Shimizu and Elizabeth Claire Walker perform George Balanchine's "Prodigal Son" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
Kenta Shimizu and Elizabeth Claire Walker of the Los Angeles Ballet perform "Prodigal Son" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
Los Angeles Ballet's Elizabeth Claire Walker in George Balanchine's "Prodigal Son" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
Kenta Shimizu of the Los Angeles Ballet performs George Balanchine's "Prodigal Son" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
The Los Angeles Ballet performs George Balanchine's "Divertimento No. 15," a company premiere, at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
Laura Chachich and Kenta Shimizu of the Los Angeles Ballet perform George Balanchine's "Divertimento No. 15" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
The Los Angeles Ballet performs George Balanchine's "Divertimento No. 15" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
Kenta Shimizu of the Los Angeles Ballet performs George Balanchine's "Divertimento No. 15" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
Los Angeles Ballet's Julia Cinquemani performs George Balanchine's "Divertimento No. 15" at the Alex Theater in Glendale.
By Lewis Segal
Dancers who were new to every role gave the challenging three-part program by Los Angeles Ballet on Saturday the thrills of a high-wire act without a net. Would anyone fall? (Yes, once.) Would anyone succeed brilliantly? (Yes, more than once.)
Emergency casting added another edge to the experience at the Alex Theatre in Glendale. An injury to principal dancer Allyssa Bross caused the company to fly in Lia Cirio to take on major roles in two ballets. A principal with Boston Ballet, Cirio not only displayed refined technique but an ability to give herself to the music that took you deeply into the choreography. Since all of the choreography was created by George Balanchine, the stakes were high indeed.
It was a shrewd programming ploy to include on the same bill Balanchine's 1956 "Divertimento No. 15" and his 1970 "Who Cares?" Though radically different in style, these plotless showpieces share structural similarities and, especially, a string of complex, effervescent women's solos. "Divertimento" is danced to Mozart and seems to belong in an 18th-century royal court; "Who Cares?" is danced to Gershwin and seems to belong on a 20th-century Broadway stage. Cirio appeared perfectly at home in both environments — as did the regal Bianca Bulle and the lyrical Julia Cinquemani.
Tigran Sargsyan, left, and Lia Cirio, who substituted for an injured Los Angeles Ballet dancer, perform "Divertimento No. 15" at the Alex Theatre on Saturday. (Allen J. Schaben / Los Angeles Times)
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A company premiere, "Divertimento" will need more performances to erase the sense of strain periodically evident on Saturday. But Madison McDonough brought ease and refinement to some exceptionally difficult steps in her variation. What's more, the staging by company co-director Colleen Neary kept the fabled musicality of the ballet firmly in focus.
Although the company has programmed "Who Cares?" before, the new cast and Neary's staging enforced elegance as well as pizzazz. As the resident dreamboat wooing all the principal women, Tigran Sargsyan was clearly working through some of the intricate partnering issues, but eventually his remarkable generosity as a dancer came into view. He had a tough night: Along with Kenta Shimizu and Dustin True, he also danced strongly in "Divertimento" and "Prodigal Son."
Dustin True with Laura Chachich in "Divertimento No. 15." (Allen J. Schaben / Los Angeles Times)
True's stellar breakthrough came earlier this season in "Stravinsky Violin Concerto," and on Saturday his cautious diligence occasionally yielded to moments where he again really inhabited the choreography and made it personal. As for Shimizu, he remained faultless as a cavalier in "Divertimento" (no surprise there) but displayed unexpected dramatic powers in the title role of "Prodigal Son."
Impeccably staged by Patricia Neary (Colleen Neary's sister), this 1929 story ballet set to music by Prokofiev had a cohesion and surety on Saturday that made you relax and fall under its spell. Debut performances? Who could guess, when Shimizu claimed the role at full intensity?
There's a dimension of ironic comedy here that remains to be discovered — and perhaps Shimizu externalized the character's pain too overtly in the final scene. But his interaction with the impossibly glamorous Elizabeth Claire Walker as the Siren overcame a minefield of technical hazards with no loss to his character's helpless confusion or her over-the-top hauteur. The seductive, greedy Siren was always as much a living cliché as the stern but forgiving Father (Zheng Hua Li). But Balanchine used these stereotypes to define in the shortest possible time the prodigal's all-too-human arc from rebellion to contrition. And the dancers exploited their opportunities skillfully.
Kenta Shimizu, center, and the dancers of Los Angeles Ballet in "Prodigal Son." (Allen J. Schaben / Los Angeles Times)
In the 1920s, the Russian ballet world considered Balanchine a radical, and "Prodigal Son" has plenty of evidence: experimental gymnastics, realistic pantomime, bizarre character dancing and plenty of sex. The academic classical vocabulary for which he's celebrated can be found if you look for it, but a couple years shy of its 90th birthday, the work still looks newly minted — and now one of the great Los Angeles Ballet triumphs.
♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
Los Angeles Ballet's 'Balanchine — Master of the Dance'
When: 7:30 p.m. March 18 at Redondo Beach Performing Arts Center, 1935 Manhattan Beach Blvd., Redondo Beach. Also 2 p.m. March 26 at Royce Hall, UCLA, 340 Royce Drive
Information: (310) 998-7782, www.losangelesballet.org
Follow The Times' arts team @culturemonster.
Spring preview: What to see in dance, theater, art, classical and more
Alvin Ailey translates MLK speeches into dance
'Runway' finalist's costumes create character for Jessica Lang Dance
Movement as bleak theater, with some terrific Pharrell music too
Entertainment & ArtsArts


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06.09.19 TOP 10 cars of Russian export and import
The leader of export is LADA 4x4
Krasnodar occupies the 8th place among the million population cities of RF in car parc volume
Last weekend, Krasnodar was officially declared a millionaire city in Russia. This is reported on the website of the city administration and it was announced to the citizens at a festive event on the occasion of the 225th anniversary of the city.
Meanwhile, the experts of the analytic agency "AUTOSTAT" decided to see how much the city's car parc corresponds to the status of a millionaire. Recall that there were only 15 cities, the population of which exceeded a million inhabitants in Russia. According to the agency, as of July 1st, 2018, there were 332,800 cars in Krasnodar. In the ranking of cities with the million-population, it occupies the 8th place - after Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Samara, Kazan and Nizhny Novgorod (among non-capital cities Krasnodar is on the 6th place).
As for the structure of the Krasnodar parc, a fifth part of it is occupied by LADA cars (21.7% share), Toyota (8.4%) is in the second place, and Hyundai (8.3%) is in the third. The TOP-5 of the most popular brands is closed by KIA (6.4%) and Nissan (5.6%). Among the models-leaders there are: LADA 2107, Hyundai Solaris, KIA Rio, LADA 2106 and Ford Focus. These five models account for 13% of the local parc of passenger cars.
Tags: passenger cars, russia


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Q: If MD5 is broken, what is a better solution? After reading the topic "Is MD5 really that bad", I was thinking about a better solution for generating hashes. Are there better solutions like Adler, CRC32 or SHA1? Or are they broken as well?

A: CRC32 is probably the worst thing you could possibly use for passwords (besides maybe crc16 :). Cyclic Redundancy Checks are to detect if a message has been damaged though natural causes, it is trivial to generate collisions using nothing more than algebra.   SHA0 and SHA1 are also broken, although unlike md5() no one has generated a SHA1 collision,  but it is believed to be computationally feasible with our current technology.
Any member of the SHA-2 family should be used.  Sha-256 is good,  SHA-512 is probably more than you need.  NIST is holding the SHA-3 competition right now and this will be finalized sometime in 2012. (Skein for the win!)

A: If you are looking for a cryptographic hash function, Adler and CRC32 are really bad idea.
SHA-1 is also broken already, but in a much less dangerous way than MD5. However, this will probably change in the future.
Right now the only sensible choice seems to be to use SHA-256, possibly truncating the digest to the desired length.

A: SHA1 has some theoretical attacks but AFAIK there is still nothing practical that will let you break it as of yet.
SHA2 seems to hold steady for now.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Forest Home Cemetery in neighboring Forest Park, Illinois, is a distinctive and remarkable resource for the history of Oak Park and River Forest.
Because no cemeteries exist within the borders of Oak Park and River Forest, Forest Home Cemetery and German Waldheim Cemetery (which merged with Forest Home in 1968) became the final resting places of many residents of the two villages, as well as citizens from near western suburbs like Maywood and Riverside, and significant numbers of Chicagoans. The Historical Society of Oak Park and River Forest has extensive material on Forest Home Cemetery and some of the individuals buried there. These include microfilm of the interment records (arranged chronologically).
One of the Society's signature events is the annual Forest Home Cemetery Walk, held each year on the third Sunday in October. Hundreds of attendees are entertained, educated, and often deeply moved by the costumed actors who portray and share the stories of individuals buried in the cemetery.
Below is an excerpt from the Historical Society's award-winning book, Nature's Choicest Spot: A Guide to Forest Home and German Waldheim Cemeteries, pp. 1–6. The book offers two self-guided tours, one on foot and one driving, leading to 45 different sites in the cemetery. Click here to order.
As the final resting place for Native Americans, early settlers, evangelists, gypsies, labor activists, and noted leaders in medicine, the arts, business, and transportation, Forest Home Cemetery in Forest Park, Illinois, is one of Chicagoland's most picturesque and historic cemeteries. The Des Plaines River cuts through the approximately 220-acre cemetery, and paved, curving roads divide it into landscaped subdivisions, where, as of 1998, over 188,000 people are interred.
A search into the history of Forest Home Cemetery reveals a rich interweaving of customs and cultures, at once typical of other cemeteries and yet unique to Forest Home. A natural ridge formed through glacial movements ran through this area, a sandbar of prehistoric Lake Chicago, the precursor to Lake Michigan. Vestiges of this ridge are still visible in the cemetery, as well as in nearby Oak Park, at Scoville and Taylor Parks and along Ridgeland Avenue from Division Street to North Avenue. Centuries after Lake Chicago receded, bands of the Potawatomi Nation camped and buried their dead in mounds along the Des Plaines River; one undisturbed burial mound remains today (Stop I on the Overview Driving Tour).
The federal government first offered land in northern Illinois for public sale in the 1830s, after the Potawatomi were forcibly removed to west of the Mississippi River under the terms of the 1833 Treaty of Chicago, which ended the Black Hawk War. A French-Indian trapper, Leon Bourassa, purchased acreage in what is now Forest Home Cemetery. According to local legend, Bourassa and his Potawatomi wife, Margaret, claimed this land in part because she wished to remain near the graves of her ancestors. Later accounts also show that Indians occasionally returned to visit the burial mounds well into the Civil War era.
Soon after arriving from Prussia, Fedinand Haase, an early settler of what is now Forest Park, purchased some of the land formerly owned by Bourassa. Haase built a manor home and began to raise cattle and crops. His only close neighbors were his in-laws, the Zimmermans. Carl Zimmerman, his brother-in-law, died in 1854 and was buried on the property; he was the first non-Indian buried on the land that became Forest Home Cemetery.
To make it easier for people to reach his picnic grounds, Haase struck a deal with the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad (later the Chicago and North Western). In exchange for carloads of gravel needed for construction, the railroad built a spur line from the main tracks to Haase's Park. Through the years, such gravel removal destroyed most of the original glacial ridge, leveled much of the land, and uncovered several Native American burial mounds.
The "memorial park" trend, epitomized by Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California, had a significant impact on cemeteries nationwide. This look emphasized the lawn and the use of flat markers rather than monuments; inspirational sculpture gave identity to sections. These design characteristics can be seen west of the river, along the north and west boundaries of the cemetery, in sections which were opened after 1924.
Automobiles also had a significant impact, both directly as a popular means of transportation for funeral parties, and indirectly with the growth of highway systems. When the Eisenhower Expressway (I-290) was built in the 1950s, it cut through the northernmost part of Forest Home, resulting in the movement of several hundred graves.


12 colorful and whimsical wind spinners to celebrate the best of each month!
Take a flight of fancy every month of the year with these monthly-themed wind spinners.
Crafted of weather-resistant metal and finished with eye-catching metallic colors, you will love displaying your wind spinners for seasons to come.
Each wind spinner is delivered in a sturdy storage box for safekeeping.
A FREE metal stake is included with your collection, allowing you to display your wind spinner wherever you wish!
Collect all 12 for a fun and festive year!
From the warm breeze of August to the brisk wind of October, enjoy the excitement as your wind spinners whirl all year round. These vibrantly colored spinners are the perfect way to decorate your lawn. Simply swap your spinner at the beginning of each month and celebrate with your family, friends and neighbors!


Varavarisi/ Varupayaru is one of the traditional iyer seer dish in Seemandhan & Valagappu Festival in Tirunelveli. This dish made for my daughter's seemantham as seer. It is made in my village in huge amount exclusively for this function. Varu payaru (soaked, dried, roasted pulses) is a combination of two tamil words. "Varuththal" means Dry Roast. "Payaru" is a common name for all Legumes. Legumes are a very healthy food because it is low in fat and high in protein and also very high in fiber and other nutrients and oil free snack. So it gives during the pregnancy.
Knead, adding little water to tiny balls & deep fry in oil.
1. Wash and Soak the lentils separately for overnight. Next morning drain off the water and dry the grains separately.
2.Drain well and tie in damp cheese cloth separately. Allow them to sprout. Rinse once or twice during the sprouting period.
3.When the legumes sprout, spread them in a dry cloth/towel and keep them in a warm place. The legumes will air dry.
4.Take the salt, turmeric powder, red chilli powder and asafetida in a small cup and moisten it with 1/2 teaspoon of water.
5.After the legumes are ready slowly roast each of the dried pulses separately one after the other in a heavy bottomed pan, till they turn light brown in color.
6.When they are nearly roasted, add a spoonful of the masala mixture to each of the pulses, and roast till all the water is absorbed.
8.The Varavarisi is now ready for Seer. This is very healthy snack too..


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WHO chief will be tested for COVID 'if he shows symptoms'
FILE PHOTO: World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus attends a news conference organized by Geneva Association of United Nations Correspondents (ACANU) amid the COVID-19 outbreak, caused by the novel coronavirus, at the WHO headquarters in Geneva Switzerland July 3, 2020. Fabrice Coffrini/Pool via REUTERS
GENEVA (Reuters) - World Health Organization chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who is self-isolating at home, will be tested for COVID-19 if he displays symptoms, a senior official said on Monday.
"Our current protocols don't require that he be tested," Mike Ryan, the WHO's top emergencies expert, told a news briefing in Geneva. "He is working at home...continuing to do his job in support of the world. His testing will be depending on the arrival of symptoms or otherwise."
WHO Director-General Tedros said on Sunday that he had been identified as a contact of someone who tested positive for COVID-19, but added that he was feeling well and did not have any symptoms.
Reporting by Michael Shields and Emma Farge; Editing by Alex Richardson


In today's post, iMedicalApps' Megan Von Isenburg, MSLS, shares tips on accessing full-text journal articles using your institutional credentials outside the hospital and clinic.
Many journals offer their own apps as well, providing a streamlined way to browse and read the articles from just that journal. If you are an individual subscriber or a member of an institutional community with library subscriptions, you may think you can access these journals through their apps. However, we have found that there is a great variety in access and pricing for these apps. To add to the complexity, the various models are not mutually exclusive.
We have covered several apps for browsing across multiple academic health journals in the past. That includes two of the most popular apps out there -- QxMD Read and Docphin.
Here's a walk-through on options for accessing your favorite journals directly -- with a trick that folks with institutional access can use to access their favorite journals directly, even when they are off-network.
Most individual journal apps, including the New England Journal of Medicine, Circulation, and the Journal of Urology are available to individual subscribers. If you pay for your own subscription, you can download and access the content through the app. You will just need details about your subscription, or your online journal username and password.
Similar to individual subscriptions, some individual journal apps are free to society members. Many journals published by societies use this model in addition to offering free access to individual subscribers, including the Journal of Urology and Circulation. In some cases, society members are the only ones who can gain access to the app for free, such as the BMJ app, which is free only to British Medical Association members.
It appears to be fairly rare for individual journal apps to be free for those with access to journals through their institutions. One publisher that uses this model is Wiley, which makes its Cancer journal app freely available to those at institutions who subscribe to the journal. To access these apps, institutional subscribers first need to create usernames and passwords at the publisher's site, in this case Wiley.
Like buying music from iTunes, you can also generally buy individual articles or journal issues if you do not have a society membership or an individual or institutional subscription. Pricing is currently all over the map, from $4 to $90 an issue. Some journals offer the option to buy individual articles, whereas others only offer subscriptions, either in month- or year-long terms.
While it is unfortunately not very common, some journal apps, such as the Journal of the American Heart Association, are available for free to everyone using the open access model. While there are a lot of flavors of open access, generally this means the author pays at publication and the journal content is free upon publication.
So, if you like reading your journals on your iPad, you have a few choices.
Explore whether your favorite journal has an app and whether you can access it through your existing memberships and affiliations, or pay for it.
Use a journal app like Read or Docphin which provides the abstracts only, and which can link you to the full text if you have an institutional affiliation.
Use the web versions of the journals. If you have access to journals through an institution, you can access the journals on your device just as you would on a computer.
If you have institutional subscriptions and want to use the web version of journals, there is a way you can use your institutional access off your hospital's network to access your favorite journals directly.
Add the journal site to your home screen to make your web access look like an app. This is similar to how most of the journal apps behave, though some do appear in your Newsstand, and you can't recreate that from a website.
If you plan to access the journal from outside the network, add your institutional proxy server address to the beginning of the URL. Do this before you add it to your home screen. Ask your librarian or IT office for your proxy URL.
If you don't have a proxy URL, activate your VPN prior to viewing the journal content.
Use a PDF app to store and annotate PDFs.
The pricing and access models for individual journal apps are frustratingly variable and complex. For those with institutional subscriptions, it's probably cheapest and easiest to use the web versions of journals, especially if you follow a limited set of journals.


If you are interested in studying construction in Brisbane, Liberty College has a lot to offer. As the construction industry continues to grow, this area is in need of skilled workers. At Liberty College we have guaranteed placement opportunities for our students, which includes paid work experience. This allows our students to get education in the classroom and practical skills on the work site .
Liberty College offers a package containing both the Certificate III in Carpentry and the Certificate IV in Building and Construction (Building).
Pathways Upon completion of the CPC40110 Certificate IV in Building and Construction, graduates may undertake other trade qualifications or progress the CPC50210 Diploma of Building and Construction (Building) or other diploma qualifications.