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Volume 35, Issue 1, Spring 2011 - Molaison, Howie, Kolbo, Rushing, Zhang, Hanes
Comparison of the Local Wellness Policy Implementation between 2006 and 2008
Elaine Fontenot Molaison, PhD, RD; Stephanie Howie, MS, RD; Jerome Kolbo, PhD, ACSW; Keith Rushing, PhD, RD; Lei Zhang, PhD, MBA; Melissa Hanes, BS
Purpose/Objective
The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 required all schools receiving funding for school meals to implement a Local Wellness Policy. However, there is little to no accountability related to the implementation of the policy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of implementation of nutrition components of the Local School Wellness policies in Mississippi in 2008.
Data were collected through the 2008 Local School Wellness Policy Principal Survey which was sent to principals of all public schools in Mississippi. The survey was sent out through email; the survey content was based on the Local School Wellness Policy: Guide for Development and the Mississippi Healthy Students Act. Responses to each survey item related to implementation of the policy were tabulated and percentages were calculated. For items asked in both the 2006 and 2008 surveys, statistical significance of difference was determined through the calculation and comparison of confidence intervals (CIs).
Significant improvements have been made in the implementation of Local School Wellness Policies from 2006 to 2008. In 2008, 96.0% of the respondents reported that the Local School Wellness Policy was being partially or fully implemented in their school (significantly higher than 78.2% in 2006). The majority of schools (96.7%) reported implementing the minimum nutrition components of local wellness policy requirements. In 2008, 72.3% of the principals reported that 75-100% of the students were receiving nutrition education as compared to 35.2% in 2006.
Applications to Child Nutrition Professionals
It is encouraging to see that schools are actively moving to stronger implementation of the local wellness policy, with significant improvements in nutrition-related activities. Child nutrition professionals are key in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the wellness policy.
Childhood obesity has been nationally recognized as a major health concern due to its ability to lead to the development of chronic diseases, decreased life expectancy, and increased healthcare costs, as well as, its association with academic achievement (Pyle et al., 2006; Rampersaud, Pereira, Girard, Adams, & Metzl, 2005; Taras, 2005). With the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, there has been recognition of the importance of proper nutrition and physical activity in reducing obesity by way of legislative mandates, specifically the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004. This particular legislative mandate places much emphasis on the responsibility of the school environment to encourage healthy lifestyles in school-aged children; however, the familial role should also be addressed due to the influence parents have on child eating patterns and diet quality (Epstein et al., 2001; Golan, Kaufman, & Shahar, 2006; Hesketh, Waters, Green, Salmon, & Williams, 2005; Patrick & Nicklas, 2005).
The national increase in childhood obesity, as indicated by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, encouraged Mississippi to conduct state- and local-level research to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity within the state. NHANES data collected from 2003 through 2006, indicated that 17.0% of children, ages six through eleven, and 17.6% of adolescents, ages 12 through 19, were obese (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). In Mississippi, weighted, representative data on students in grades K – 12 were collected through the Child and Youth Prevalence of Overweight Survey (CAYPOS). The 2007 CAYPOS results indicated that 23.5% of students in grades K-12 were obese and 18.4% of students were overweight (Kolbo et al., 2008). The 2009 CAYPOS results indicated that 23.9% of students in grades K-12 were obese and 18.5% were overweight (Molaison et al., 2010). The 2009 Mississippi Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS) results indicate that 16.5% of public high school students were overweight and 18.3% were obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). With the high rates of childhood obesity, the Institute of Medicine concluded that the school setting is an optimal environment for implementing changes to decrease childhood obesity because children spend the majority of their time in school, and it's where they consume 35% of their food intake and expend 50% of their energy (Institute of Medicine, 2007; Koplan, Liverman, & Kraak, 2005). Patrick and Nicklas (2005), from a review of literature, concluded that parents also play an important role in child eating patterns and diet quality. Qualitative research has shown that parents felt responsible for not only providing a healthy environment but also modeling healthy eating behaviors. Parents felt that their role should be complimentary to that of schools—working together to encourage healthy behaviors in children that will last through adulthood (Hesketh et al., 2005).
The establishment of wellness policies has been required since the beginning of the 2006-2007 academic school year. Yet, there is little research available on the degree of implementation of school wellness policies. Studies have been conducted in Virginia, Utah, and Pennsylvania, concerning the development and execution of local school wellness policies. Study results indicated that although most schools have developed a local school wellness policy, in accordance with the 2004 Reauthorization Act, a gap exists between the development and implementation of the wellness policies. In addition, language of the policies indicates ambiguity, and the person(s) responsible for implementation was not always clearly defined (Metos & Nanney, 2007; Probart, McDonnell, Weirich, Schilling, & Fekete, 2008; Serrano et al., 2007). Rather than focusing on the implementation of the local school wellness policies, the above studies were more focused on the development and type/strength of language used in the policies.
In 2006 and 2008, researchers at the University of Southern Mississippi conducted a survey among all public school principals in Mississippi to assess the degree of implementation of school wellness policies and Mississippi-specific healthy school legislation. The findings from the 2006 survey indicated that less than half of the respondents reported implementation of a school wellness policy. Among the respondents that reported a relatively high degree of implementation, there were poor outcomes concerning the implementation of the nutrition components of the policies (Kolbo, Molaison, Rushing, Zhang, & Green, 2009). Since nutrition is not only important to combat childhood obesity but also enhances academic achievement, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the implementation of the nutrition education components of the Local Wellness Policy and the Mississippi Healthy Students Act. In addition, the researchers compared findings from 2006 and 2008 principal surveys concerning commitment to nutrition and implementation of the wellness policy. Furthermore, the researchers assessed limitations of fully implementing nutrition components of the policies.
As with the 2006 Survey, the 2008 Local School Wellness Policy Principal Survey was intended to be completed by principals of all public schools in Mississippi. A list of e-mail contact information was obtained from the Mississippi Department of Education for the purposes of distributing the survey.
Survey Development
The items on the 2008 Survey were developed through input from several representatives of the Mississippi Department of Education's Office of Healthy Schools; a review of recent state and federal legislation and scientific literature; and, where appropriate, directly from the 2006 Survey. The 2008 Survey was set up to closely follow the wording and format of the revised Local School Wellness Policy: Guide for Development(Mississippi Department of Education, 2005). This guide included information from the Local School Wellness Policy, in addition to the Mississippi Healthy Students Act (Child Nutrition & WIC Reauthorization Act, 2004; Mississippi Health Students Act, 2007). The 11 components that were assessed included the school's commitment to implementing the Local School Wellness Policy; Nutrition; Food Safe Schools; Physical Activity/Physical Education; Comprehensive Health Education; Healthy School Environment; Quality Health Services; Providing Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services; Family and Community Involvement; A Quality Staff Wellness Program; and Marketing a Healthy School Environment. In addition, the 2008 Survey addressed general school and student demographics; knowledge, overall implementation, and quality of the Policy; health status measures of students; participation in Office of Healthy Schools' programs; performance classification of the school; and evidence related to the effectiveness of the School's Health Council. However, the results presented here focus on overall issues related to implementation of the nutrition components of the Local Wellness Policy and the Mississippi Health Students Act.
Data Collection and Analysis
The survey was administered in October and November 2008. During the first week of October, all public school principals and superintendents received a letter explaining the study and that access to the survey would be available through a future email. In the second week of October, all public school principals and superintendents received the email containing the link to the online survey. Qualtrics, Inc. was the company used to set up the online survey. Over the next three weeks, principals and superintendents were sent reminder emails to complete the survey. While individual responses to survey questions could not be traced, the software provided by Qualtrics, Inc. indicated which schools had not completed a survey. In those cases, superintendents and principals were contacted by phone to determine whether assistance would be needed in order to complete the survey.
Although the principal was ultimately responsible for submitting the completed survey, it was created so that other key personnel could complete sections of the questionnaires. The key personnel were those that participated in wellness policy development and implementation, such as foodservice directors and school nurses. The primary reason for principals not completing the survey was that the email, containing the link to the online survey, was blocked as SPAM. Additional phone and email attempts were made to identify barriers to survey completion. Surveys were accepted through the last week of November.
Responses to each survey item (question) related to implementation of the nutrition components of the wellness policy were tabulated and percentages were calculated. It should be noted that the percentages reported in the 2008 study and used for comparison with the 2006 study were valid percents, which excluded non-responses. For survey items that were asked in both 2006 and 2008, statistical significance of difference was determined through the calculation and comparison of 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The differences between the two survey years will be statistically significant if their 95% CIs did not overlap. SPSS 17.0 was used for data management and analysis.
Surveys were e-mailed to 911 principals of public schools in Mississippi between October and November 2008. A total of 635 surveys were submitted and 95 were excluded due to majority of the survey not being complete and duplicated answers. There were a total of 540 (59.3%) surveys included in the final analysis. Of the 540 schools, 48.7% were elementary schools; 11.1% were middle schools; 16.6% were high schools; and 23.5% were either K-6, K-8, or K-12 schools. Principals reported an average enrollment size of 582 students. On average, 71.8% of students qualified for free or reduced lunch. Elementary (71.8%) schools had the highest eligibility rates followed by middle (70.3%) and high schools (62.6%). Table 1 contains a comparison of sample characteristics from the 2006 and 2008 principal surveys.
Table 1. Principal Survey Participant Characteristics
Characteristic 2006 (n/%) 2008 (n/%)
Sent 882/100.0 911/100.0
Returned 369/41.8 635/70.0
Completed 329/41.8 540/59.3
Elementary 130/39.5 263/48.7
Middle 51/15.5 60/11.1
High 70/21.3 90/16.6
K-6, K-8, or K-12 78/23.8 127/23.5
Implementation of the Local School Wellness Policy
With regards to the implementation of Local School Wellness Policy components, 96.3% (n = 511) of the respondents reported having a local wellness policy that was fully or partially implemented. The 2008 Principal Survey required principals to evaluate the overall commitment and quality of the policy components according to the 11 components of the policy. The following percentages represent full implementation of the 11 policy components: 55.7% implementation; 81.0% nutrition; 87.2% food safe schools; 79.1% physical activity/physical education; 65.5% comprehensive health education; 76.7% healthy school environment; 71.4% quality health services; 84.0% providing counseling, psychological and social services; 51.5% family and community involvement; 42.8% quality staff wellness program; and 42.5% marketing a healthy school environment.
Significant changes from 2006 to 2008 principal surveys were identified. In 2008, 96.0% of the respondents (a statistically significant increase from 78.2% in 2006) reported that the Local School Wellness Policy was being partially or fully implemented in their school (Table 2). Knowledge of the Local School Wellness Policy was significantly higher in 2008 than in 2006. In 2008, 92.9% of principals reported a fair or great deal of knowledge as compared to 83.3% in 2006. It was also reported that faculty, students, parents, and the community had a significantly increased level of knowledge of the wellness policy in 2008.
Table 2. 2006-2008 Principal Survey Comparisons, Percentages, and Confidence Intervals*
2008 (%) 2006 (%)
Implemented the Local School Wellness Policy*
Prevalence (%) 96.0 78.2
95% CIs
Established a School Health Council*
Prevalence 84.2 66.5
95% CIs (81.1-87.3) (61.6-71.4)
Knowledge of the Wellness Policy (Self)*
Knowledge of the Wellness Policy (Faculty)*
Knowledge of the Wellness Policy (Students)*
95% CIs (48-57.0) (27.8-37.4)
Knowledge of the Wellness Policy (Parents)*
Knowledge of the Wellness Policy (Community)*
Schools with 75-100% of students receiving nutrition education*
Serving fresh fruits daily
Serving raw vegetables daily
Serving whole grain foods daily*
Serving at least 3 different fruits weekly*
95% CIs (99.0-100) (95.2-98.8)
Serving at least 5 different vegetables weekly
Schools with 75-100% of students receiving health education*
Schools with 75-100% of health education were taught by certified teachers
* Non-overlap in the 95% CIs indicated a significant difference between 2006 and 2008
Implementation of Nutrition Components
The majority of schools (96.7%) reported implementing the minimum nutrition components of local wellness policy requirements, which include the establishment of guidelines in accordance with the Mississippi Snack and Beverage regulations. High schools (87.3%) had the highest rate of implementing the minimum nutrition components, followed by middle schools (82.7%) and elementary schools (79.9%). Results also indicated that 72.3% of schools were providing nutrition education to 75-100% of students. This was a significant improvement from 35.2% of schools in 2006. The percentages of schools reporting serving whole grains and three different fruits weekly also increased between 2006 and 2008.
As can be seen from the results, improvements have been made in the establishment, implementation, and perceived quality of Local School Wellness Policies from 2006 to 2008. It is important to understand why such improvements have occurred. One possible answer to this particular question is that there has been an increase in the knowledge concerning the Local School Wellness Policy among principals, students, teachers, parents, and entire communities. The increase in knowledge among all individuals mentioned perhaps indicates that a relationship exists between knowledge of the Local School Wellness Policy and full implementation. In a study that examined school wellness policy implementation, perceived barriers in implementing the Local Wellness Policy (LWP) were assessed. Respondents reported that the implementation of the LWP would need the support of school administration, support of teachers, and the support of parents/families (Molaison, Carr, & Federico, 2008). In regards to the 2008 principal survey, there was increased knowledge among school administration, teachers, and parents which perhaps led to increased support of the LWP and ultimately resulted in a higher amount of schools that fully implemented local wellness policies in Mississippi. Increased knowledge among principals, students, teachers, parents, and the community can also lead to using a team approach to implementation. When a team approach is used it can lead to program sustainability which, in the case of the LWP, can lead to a healthier school environment, healthier students, and a decrease in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Mississippi (Molaison et al., 2008).
Barriers to Implementation of Nutrition Components
The top barriers to implementing nutrition education included less time for "No Child Left Behind" program (16.7%, n = 90), insufficient funding to implement nutrition education adequately (16.3%, n = 88), and unqualified teachers to teach nutrition education (12.6%, n = 68).
Competitive foods also present a challenge to compliance with implementation of the nutrition component of the LWP in the school environment. Briefel, Crepinsek, Cabili, Wilson, and Gleason (2009) reported that 45% of students in public schools consume some type of low nutrient, energy dense food item obtained from school, and schools that limited the availability of competitive foods resulted in children consuming less energy from sugar-sweetened beverages. In addition, Brown and Tammineni (2009) conducted an exploratory study, in Mississippi, to determine if beverage sales could be maintained while offering more healthy choices to students rather than sugar-sweetened beverages. Results indicated that when healthier choices were given, the children continued to purchase the beverages and there were no substantial changes in profits earned from beverage sales. If children are encouraged to make smart beverage choices at school, they may be more likely to consume less sugar-sweetened beverages all together, which is a behavior change related to a healthy lifestyle. In our study, principals reported compliance with the above nutrition component, but they also reported that schools still offered chocolate candy (4.8%, n = 30), other kinds of candy (5.6%, n = 35), cookies or crackers (10.8%, n = 68), and full calorie soft drinks, lemonade, or sweet tea (10.8%, n = 68) to students through vending machines, food bars/carts, or school stores on campus.
CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS
Little research is available on the implementation of Local Wellness Policies due to their recent development. It is also unknown how implementation of nutrition policies in Mississippi compares to the rest of the country. Two national studies have been published concerning the effect of legislation in the school environment. These two studies focused on the legislative environment of states prior to the Child Nutrition and Reauthorization Act of 2004, in which Mississippi was considered to have a strong legislative environment to develop a LWP, as well as the development process for a LWP (Longley & Sneed, 2009; Moag-Stahlberg, Howley, & Luscri, 2008). Three states, including Utah, Virginia, and Pennsylvania have conducted state-specific research which focused on policy development, strength of language used in wellness policies, and responsibility of implementation (Metos & Nanney, 2007; Probart et al., 2008; Serrano et al., 2007).
The state-specific research conducted in Mississippi, using the principal survey, is similar to the research conducted in Utah and Pennsylvania in that they both investigated the quality and implementation of wellness policies. In Utah, researchers determined the quality of policies based on the strength of language used in school wellness policies. Policies were considered strong if the words "shall", "will", or "must" were used, and policies were considered weak if the words "suggest" or "will attempt" were used (Metos & Nanney, 2007). In Pennsylvania, researchers assessed quality by examining goals within local wellness policies, in which ambiguity was detected through the use of words/phrases like "recommend" or "strive to comply" (Probart et al., 2008). The wording used in the current survey was meant to capture current practices related to implementation of the wellness policy, not proposed changes to practice in the schools. Therefore, the high rates of knowledge of the policy and implementation of the various components of the policy are encouraging to a state with high rates of childhood obesity.
It is important to note that the 2006 and 2008 surveys were administered slightly differently, in that the 2006 survey was completed by paper and pencil, and the 2008 survey was completed online. There is no way of knowing whether the different way the survey was administered may have affected the responses to the survey items. While the response rate was much higher in 2008 (59.3% vs. 41.8%), the findings cannot be considered necessarily representative of all schools. Due to the anonymous nature of the survey, there is no way of knowing which schools responded in either year, nor if the same schools responded each year. Another aspect of the anonymous nature of this survey is that while principals were asked to submit their data, there is no way of knowing who actually completed the survey in any of the schools since this information was not a required component of the survey. Another limitation is related to the nature of self-report. The question of accuracy arises when school administrators are being asked whether they are implementing required policies and programs. As stated previously, the surveys have been designed to be anonymous and confidential, hopefully prompting more honest and accurate responses. With data from other state-wide research on the prevalence of overweight and obesity, it might be possible to determine if implementation of the policy is related to weight-related trends in school-aged children.
Even with the limitations of the research, the results are encouraging. Child nutrition professionals can play a role in assuring that all components of the LWP are completely and adequately implemented. These individuals can work to assure that nutrition education is provided in all schools and at all grade levels. Many principals listed not having a qualified teacher for nutrition education as a major barrier to implementation of the nutrition component. This presents future job opportunities for those with nutrition and/or health backgrounds to have a potential impact on the provision of nutrition education in the school setting. Finally, those working in child nutrition can offer additional education and support to those schools that continue to offer high calorie and high fat foods and beverages by finding alternatives that are acceptable to the student population.
Funding for this study was through a grant from the Center for Mississippi Health Policy. The authors wish to thank the principals, superintendents, and other personnel who were so instrumental in collecting the data.
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Molaison is Associate Professor for the Department of Nutrition and Food Systems at The University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, MS. Howie is a Clinical Dietitian at St. Dominics Jackson Memorial Hospital in Jackson, MS. Kolbo is Professor for the School of Social Work at The University of Southern Mississippi.Rushing is a Research Scientist for the Applied Research Division of the National Food Service Management Institute located in Hattiesburg, MS. Zhang is Director of the Office of Health Data and Research of the Mississippi State Department of Health in Jackson, MS. Hanes is a Graduate Assistant for the Department of Nutrition and Food Systems at The University of Southern Mississippi.


Health care professionals (HCPs) have a common goal of positively impacting patient care through the safe delivery of high-quality health care. They have a unique opportunity to create an environment wherein they touch the lives of many individuals and truly embrace the theme of 'it is more than just a job'. They should feel enlivened by the work they do and the impact they have. However, feelings of emotional exhaustion and decreased empathy, a lack of feeling of professional accomplishment, loss of work fulfillment and reduced effectiveness can creep in. This activity will help HCPs and leaders learn the signs to look for, how to communicate about such feelings and how to develop organizational and individual strategies to find joy in practice once again.
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Describe factors that may contribute to a decrease in professional joy and how these factors impact patient care and quality.
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Dr. Sandy is Executive Vice President of Clinical Advancement at UnitedHealth Group (a Fortune 25 diversified health and well-being company dedicated to helping people live healthier lives). At UnitedHealth Group, he focuses on clinical innovation, payment/delivery reforms to modernize the US health care system, and physician collaboration. He also is a Principal in the UnitedHealth Center for Health Reform and Modernization, with a focus on payment/delivery innovation and policy. From 2003 to 2007, he was Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of UnitedHealthcare, UnitedHealth Group's largest business, focusing on the employer/individual health benefits market. From 1997 to 2003, he was Executive Vice President of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), where he was responsible for the Foundation's program development and management, strategic planning and administrative operations. Prior to this, Dr. Sandy was a program Vice President of the Foundation, focusing on workforce, health policy and chronic care initiatives. An internist and former health center medical director at the Harvard Community Health Plan in Boston, Massachusetts, Dr. Sandy received his BS and MD degrees from the University of Michigan and an MBA from Stanford University. A former RWJF Clinical Scholar and Clinical Fellow in Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, Dr. Sandy completed his internship and residency at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston. He is a Senior Fellow of the University of Minnesota School of Public Health in the Department of Health Policy and Management.
Charlee Alexander is a Program Officer at the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) where she directs the Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-being and Resilience, a network of more than 150 organizations committed to reversing trends in clinician burnout and improving the well-being of health care professionals. She also co-directs the NAM Culture of Health Program, a multiyear collaborative effort funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to identify strategies to create and sustain conditions that support equitable good health for all Americans. Charlee graduated from the University of Chicago with a bachelor's degree in political science and is currently pursuing a Master's degree in public health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Jacquelyn B. Fletcher is the founder of Heartwood Healing. She began her training in mindfulness and resilience techniques more than 20 years ago when she lost 100 pounds that she has kept off for two decades. Her love of understanding human behavior won her a year-long fellowship from the Minnesota Psychoanalytic Society to study with a team of therapists. Over the years, she has offered mindfulness and resilience training and coaching to thousands of people through her work with organizations including Mayo Clinic, UnitedHealth Group, LyondellBasell, Weight Watchers, Senior Care Communities, the Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, and many more. She is also a Certified Healing Touch Practitioner and Great Story Coach.
Ms. Fletcher graduated with degrees in English and Women's Studies from Wellesley College and holds a Master of Fine Arts degree in Writing and Publishing from Emerson College. She was the co-creator and host of the Healing Words television show and a founding faculty member of the Creative Writing at the Bedside program, both administered by the Lavins Center for Humanities in Medicine at Mayo Clinic. Her advice has been featured in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Chicago Tribune, Experience Life magazine, The Huffington Post, LifetimeTV.com, OmTimes Magazine, Macleans, Minneapolis Star Tribune, Minnesota Parent magazine, Newsday, PsychologyToday.com, St. Paul Pioneer Press, and the Washington Post. She recently served as the Chair of the Board of Directors for the Loft Literary Center, and she is the award-winning author of 14 books including Dear Body, Love Me. Her work has received an iParenting Media Excellence Award, and she was a Gold Recipient of a Mom's Choice Award.
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This activity was planned by and for the health care team, and learners will receive 1.00 Interprofessional Continuing Education (IPCE) credits for learning and change.
The participant will be awarded up to 1.00 contact hour(s) of credit for attendance and completion of supplemental materials.
The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Program (AANPCP) accepts credit from organizations accredited by the ACCME and ANCC.
This activity is approved for 1.00 contact hour(s) ([0.10] CEU) in states that recognize ACPE.
Attending the full program will earn 1.00 contact hour(s).
OptumHealth Education designates this live activity for a maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
The American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) accepts credit from organizations accredited by the ACCME.
AAPC will honor 1-for-1 CEUs for any live event offering CME credit or AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. A certificate of attendance or completion is necessary to show participation. The certificate will give the total CMEs possible for the offering. Physicians are advised to claim only the actual hours that they were present during the education. We ask that AAPC-certified members abide by this request also. One hour of instruction is worth 1 CEU.
This program has been pre-approved by The Commission for Case Manager Certification to provide Ethics continuing education credit to CCM® board certified case managers. The course is approved for 1.00 CE contact hours.
CCMC Ethics credit is approved for this course. The CCMC Code of Professional Conduct will be referenced in this presentation. View the CCMC Code of Professional Conduct here.
This event is co-sponsored by R. Cassidy Seminars.
Participants must have attended the entire web-based activity and completed an evaluation to receive a certificate. Partial credit is not available.
R. Cassidy Seminars is approved by the American Psychological Association (APA) to offer continuing education for psychologists. R. Cassidy Seminars maintains responsibility for this program. 1.00 CE hour.
R. Cassidy Seminars, ACE provider #1082, is approved as a provider for social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) www.aswb.org, through the Approved Continuing Education (ACE) Program. R. Cassidy Seminars maintains responsibility for the program. Approval Period: April 15, 2018-April 15, 2021. Social workers should contact their regulatory board to determine course approval. Social workers participating in this course will receive 1.00 continuing education clock hours.
IL: Illinois Dept. of Professional Regulation, Approved Continuing Education Sponsor, #168-000141. (1) hours.
TX: Approved CE Sponsor through the Texas State Board of Examiners of Marriage & Family Therapists. Provider #151. 1 CE hour.
If you require ADA accommodations, please contact our office 14 days or more before the event. We cannot ensure accommodations without adequate prior notification.
Please note: Licensing Boards change regulations often and, while we attempt to stay abreast of their most recent changes, if you have questions or concerns about this course meeting your specific board's approval, we recommend you contact your board directly to obtain a ruling.
A certificate of attendance will be provided to learners upon completion of activity requirements, enabling participants to register with licensing boards or associations that have not been preapproved for credits. To apply for credit types not listed above, participants should use the procedure established by the specific organization with which they wish to obtain credit.
These materials are intended ONLY for those that attended the live webcast on Wed., Feb. 13, 2019.


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Intramural Co-Ed Volleyball
Letter of Intent due: February 15th, 2023 Coaches/Rules meeting: March 8, 2023 – 1:00 PM at METC Fitness Center Season begins: March 22, 2023 All DOD ID cardholders, 18 years old and older, who are not participating in an academic athletic association may...
First Steps Basketball Registration
Children ages 3-4 can learn the fundamentals of basketball in a team format. A current physical, immunizations record and flu vaccine are required at the time of registration. Practice begins in December and the season begins in January. For more information, call...
Flag Football & Cheerleading Registration
Flag Football & Cheerleading JBSA Youth Programs August 1 – September 2 $60 per youth | 5-12 year olds Are you ready for some flag football and cheerleading? Register at JBSA-Fort Sam Houston Youth Programs, BLDG. 1630 or JBSA-Randolph Youth Programs,...
Sports Day Bingo
The JBSA-Lackland Gateway Club is having Sports Day Bingo. Come dressed in your favorite sports team gear for most sports team spirit award and prizes. There will be a cash bar, halftime snacks and fun! Early registration is $20 for members, $25 for non-members. At...
First Steps Fall Soccer Registration
Children ages 3-5 years old learn the fundamentals of soccer in a non-game/team format. The cost is $40 per child and the season runs from Sept. 17 thru Oct. 19. For more information, please call (210) 671-2388.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At Superior Auto Image we provide the highest quality service for you and your vehicle. Our company is a well-known and respected automotive cosmetic shop that has been serving customers in the Denver area since 2010. Our company's mission is to treat customers with integrity. We always focus on what is important to you.
When you need to protect your vehicle from damaging and erosive materials that you usually encounter while driving, Superior Auto Image is your best choice for Colorado clear bra installation.
We provide free estimates for all types of our services, including clear bra car protection.
Superior Auto Image offers installation of Clear Bra for cars, trucks, and motorcycles.
We use SunTek PPF (paint protection film), which represents a breakthrough technology in the clear bra business.
Our clear bra film has self-healing property. This means that the topcoat layer of the clear car bra restores itself when it is scratched.
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Schedule Your Clear Bra Appointment Today!


Game Master Tips with Wil Wheaton: Saying Yes!
Sometime the best creative energy comes from the players themselves. Allowing them to have input makes them care more deeply about the world they are in as well. As a GM the more we can do to make our players invest and buy into the stories we weave the better the tension and joy we feel at when the players have to overcome trials and tribulations.
If it does not break the rules or leave you in a situation as a GM where the story will suffer because of what "Yes" applies to. I say go for it.
I was pretty impressed with this weeks Game Master Tip on the Mary Sue with Wil Wheaton. For one thing, as much as possible I believe saying "Yes" to whatever crazy plots or similar your players come up with is rather important. When you do so, it help your players feel like a part of the world and show that their ideas are being validated. A good example of me improvising on the fly like this was with the safe house security features a player came up with in the Night's Black Agents one shot, Nightfall.


The Mark Newnham trained Stratum filly Greysful Glamour has ability to match her striking good looks and powered clear to win by a commanding three and a half lengths in the $60,000 VRC Oaks Trial over 1800 metres at Flemington on Wednesday with Tim Clark in the saddle.
Group III placed at her previous start in the Newcastle Spring Stakes, Greysful Glamour had a class edge on her rivals and it showed.
"She never gives you any confidence mid-race," Clark said. "She doesn't really travel but I've had a fair bit to do with her and she just keeps giving.
"She's a really tough little filly and it was a good plan by Mark (Newnham, the trainer) to target this race.
"She's pretty laidback and casual and probably hasn't got a brilliant turn of foot or anything but she's very tough and she gives her all and it will take her a long way.
A $90,000 Inglis Easter Session II purchase for Darby Racing / De Burgh Equine from Edinglassie Stud, Greysful Glamour has two wins and four placings from nine starts and has already returned over $95,000 in prizemoney.
By the late Golden Slipper winner Stratum, Greysful Glamour will bid to become his second Oaks winner following in the footsteps of his former star filly Streama.
Blessed with a stout staying pedigree on her dam side, Greysful Glamour is the first foal of Rippled (GB), a minor winner by classic sire Dalakhani from a daughter of Sadler's Wells. The family features many European Black Type winners including high class stayer Libran (IRE), who was second in the Group I ATC Sydney Cup and runs in the Group I ATC The Metropolitan on Saturday.
Darby Racing scored earlier in the day with God of Thunder at Rosehill (read about him here) and will be hoping the winning run continues on Saturday at Randwick where Mark Newnham will send out their Star Witness colt Exceed the Stars as favourite in the Group III ATC Breeders Plate.


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RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT, 2019, ACT 989
In line with Right To Information (RTI) Act 989, the Ministry has designated an Information Officer, who has been trained to process applications for access to information.
The Ministry is therefore positioned to accept and process applications to make available information to the public subject to the exemptions that are necessary and consistent with the protection of the public interest in a democratic society. This is to foster a culture of transparency and accountability in public affairs and to provide for related matters.
Procedure for Access
The following are the application procedures one is expected to follow in order to apply for access to information in a public institution inclusive of Ministry of Aviation. This provision is stipulated in Section 18 of the RTI Act 2019, Act 989 as stated below:
Application to access to information
(1) an application to access information held by a public institution shall
(a) be made in writing to the public institution,
(b) contain sufficient description or particulars to enable the information to be
(c) indicate the form and manner of access required,
(d) state the capacity of the applicant to satisfaction of the information officer
to whom the application is made, if the application is made on behalf of another person,
(e) state the name of the applicant, an address to which a communication or
notice can be sent,
(f) provide identification of the applicant; and
(g) be signed by the applicant.
(2) Where an applicant is unable to make the application in writing due to illiteracy or a disability, the applicant may make the request orally.
(3) Where a request is made orally under subsection (2), the request shall be reduced into writing by the information officer to whom the applicant is made, who shall give a copy of the written request as recorded and as duly authenticated to the applicant.
(4) Where the applicant is illiterate, and the request has been reduced into writing, the information officer shall
(a) clearly and correctly read and explain the written request to the
understanding of the applicant in accordance with the Illiterates` Protection Act ,1912 (Cap 262);
(b) ask a witness to endorse on the face of the request that "the request was
read to the applicant in the language the applicant understands and the applicant appeared to have understood the content of the request"; and
(c) ask the applicant to make a thumbprint or mark on the request.
(5) Where an application does not sufficiently describe the information required,
the public institution to which the application is made shall so inform the applicant and offer the applicant the necessary assistance to identify the information.
(6) Where a public institution receives an application for access, part of which is
exempt, the information officer shall disclose to the applicant as much of the information as can reasonably be separated without disclosing the exempt part.
(7) For the purpose of this section, the reference to "writing" in subsection (3)
includes electronic form and "Braille".
The Ministry of Aviation wishes to inform the general public that, application forms are available at the Ministry or can be downloaded below:
Contact Address:
National Communication Authority Tower, 3rd Floor
Email: info@moa.gov.gh
Download Attachments
← Aviation Minister Confers with Board…
PARLIAMENT PASSES ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND… →


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Home #Hwoodtimes The Kiwanians embody the spirit of the Tournament of Roses
Latest News -TheHollywoodTimes
The Kiwanians embody the spirit of the Tournament of Roses
Judy Shields
By Nathan Wildes
Photos by Nathan Wildes (THT)
Pasadena, California (The Hollywood Times) – 1/1/19 – "Being around these kids renews faith in future generations", says 40-plus year Kiwanis member Bob Lagunis.
About 15 minutes away from the famed stretch of Orange Grove and Colorado Blvd where the 130th Tournament of Roses will take place only 24 hours from now, the Phoenix Decorating Barn houses the Kiwanis International Float. This global network of clubs dedicated to serving the youth of the world has brought in a small army of their young membership who embody the spirit of the ToR while representing the mission of Kiwanis.
Sitting with The Hollywood Times Bob talked about his legions of young volunteers who are helping to decorate not only their own float but assist others as well. "We have an average of 500-1000 kids each day. Some work two shifts, others just one." They come from clubs across the nation and world as Bob further explained. "Last night I was working and a gentleman from Ohio came over and asked 'Where do you guys get all these kids?' I tell him, very simply, high schools. Nearly all high schools have a Key Club." Bob also talked about their Circle K clubs for younger kids and Action Club for special needs youth. All are contributing to the float this year as Bob proudly explains, "…they come out here and they're very productive. I think that's one of our best programs we have. Those young people are terrific. They do everything we do."
When asked why Kiwanis volunteers could be found assisting with the decoration of other floats, Bob beamed with pride. "Sometimes we have so many that we'll have kids sitting around with nothing to do. So, we'll ask Phoenix or the other float "crew-chiefs" what they need and give them some of ours to help them. I think Phoenix is quite happy to have us because we help keep things on schedule for them."
Bob talked at length about how they're able to manage such a large group of young volunteers. "Our kids, by Kiwanis International requirement, must do 50 hours of community work. So, this (decorating floats) is one way they accomplish that. Through our programs the kids learn leadership skills and we find that we have less difficulty with our kids because of that." As Bob, other leaders among the Kiwanis, and Phoenix staff all mentioned, there are many rules and regulations when working on floats. Decorators (of any age, not just kids) can be asked to leave for a violation of these rules. But, as Bob explains, "You know, you're always going to have things happen when working with kids. But as Kiwanians, we've learned how to correct rather than judge or punish."
When asked about anything that's particularly special for this year's Tournament of Roses, Bob said, "I think the theme (The Melody of Life)." "Music and young people go together. The bottom line at Kiwanis is our youth. Music is important to them. I think, as you're growing, you identify with music and a lot of times music has a tremendous influence. So, I think the theme is proper. Kiwanis was created in 1915. We are number one for sponsored youth. Nobody really knows that, so we've got to get that out to the world. It's the love of the Rose Float and the participation in the Rose Float. It's a tremendous thing for Kiwanis."
Bob Lagunis
Circle k Club
Nathan Wildes
Tournament of Roses Parade
Previous articleMarguerite Stirs the Heart
Next articleElvis Presley's GRACELAND to Host The ABC Television Network's 'General Hospital" Themed Fan Celebration
http://www.thehollywoodtimes.today
Judy has been with The Hollywood Times for over 11 years now. As Assistant Editor and Editor-at-large, she brings content from the country music world, red carpets, book reviews, new product content, non-profit organizations and environmental stories. She also covers PBS & KCET events and shows and covers the TCM Classic Film Festival every year! She loves to meet new people and strike up a conversation. She is also personal assistant to our Senior Editor. She is a proud grandmother of 3 grandsons, 20, 13 & 3 yrs old and two handsome sons!


Probiotic - dairy/soy free in US?
Probiotic - Is FOS ok?
Sulfite allergy/intolerance in bf baby - is it possible?
Just found out dd2 has a milk protein allergy - tips for going dairy free?
Does anyone have a gluten free bread recipe..
being gassy - normal or MPI?
At what point is mucous poo a true intolerance/allergy?
When did your MSPI/MPI baby STTN?
allergic to OATS? or FORMULA?
Have to switch DD's thickener. Need advice about possible reactions.
MOVED: Have to switch DD's thickener. Need advice about possible reactions.
Vegetarian bfing a dairy/soy free baby - any one else out there?
dairy free substitute for cheese????
what dairy substitutes to use on cereal & in cooking???


Where do you go to ask questions, connect with experts, or share your thoughts on key topics covering CX, HCM, ERP, EPM, SCM, PaaS, IaaS, and more? The Customer Connect Forums, of course. Visit our forums for content related to Oracle application solutions in areas that matter to you. Go to Forums and stay engaged!
Use our discussion forums to pose questions, explore ideas, and discuss Oracle Applications.
Our product roadmap is derived from a variety of influences, such as market changes, compliance and regulatory forces, industry trends, and you, our customers. So if you want to influence Oracle's product development, check out the Customer Connect Ideas. This is the place to share your thoughts and comment on ideas. Contribute and make an impact!
Share your ideas on product enhancements, vote, and comment on your favorite ideas.
Want to be among the first to know about upcoming events that showcase new release functionality, industry best practices, and more? Then check out our Events page where you can find what's coming and what's playing. You can easily find the events on topics relevant to you, spanning CX, HCM, ERP, EPM, SCM, PaaS, IaaS, and more. Check back regularly for updates!
Learn about upcoming events that showcase new release functionality, industry best practices, and more.
You don't have to scour the internet for information about upgrading your Oracle Cloud service. You can find all the documentation you need—from videos to tutorials to live events—to help you prepare for a successful transition to the latest Oracle release right here. Explore Customer Connect and learn!
Find documentation to help you prepare for a successful transition to the latest release.


David William Hawking 1955-2010 To all of you out there and know us I am sorry to have to tell you that my brother David passed away suddenly last Friday February 5th from a heart attack. He was only 55 and was married with 2 boys. He was a Son our eldest Brother a Husband a Dad an Uncle and a Mate. He was the fella that was just down to earth with no aires about him. If you needed something done just give him a call and he was there. All of my 4 brother, mum and his wife and kids got strength from him when we needed it. Like my Dad he had great work ethics and he was a leader at his Church. We are really going to miss Him.


Marking a bold return at the start of this year with their 90's influenced To My Brother, Birmingham's Swim Deep are back with another taster of their forthcoming second LP in the form of Grand Affection. "We wanted to show a little bit more of our new album Mothers. We had been listening to Temporary Secretary off McCartney II and Kraftwerk for days which is where the riffs came from. If there's a song that lyrically captures the broader themes of Mothers its probably this one", explains vocalist Austin Williams. Not a million miles away from their wistful debut but with a new direction distinctly carving out its path on a hotbed of arpeggiated synths and jittering percussion, a new psychedelic adventure awaits them on the horizon. Jump right in to it below.
Grand Affection is taken from new album, 'Mothers', released 18th September through Chess Club / RCA.


Monroe County marriage records are not only retrievable at the county clerk's office nowadays for the local government has also authorized the city and town clerks to perform the same job. The primary objective is to make the records very accessible and tangible to anyone who is interested of getting copies of it. Hence, residents will have an option as to which office they will be visiting at. However, the marriage license can only be acquired from the office where it was granted and nowhere else. Today, Monroe does not only do the manual searches of marital reports but has also incorporated the use of electronic databases to speed up the process.
Vital records like the Marriage Records Monroe County are processed in 3 to 4 weeks if you are going to do the manual request such as sending the application by mail, which really requires time. If you are not in a rush to having the records then there is no issue at all. But if you want it sooner then you have to do the request in person. The amount you pay to get such data would be $30.00 and this is for a certified copy already not just for genealogical purposes. This means that you can use it for legal uses like when you had to present it during court proceedings. The fee can only be paid through cash, check, money order or credit cards to the County's Vital Records Office.
Aside from the required fee, you are also expected to comply with the following pre-requisites as you place the request before the concerned office including the driver's license, passport, U.S. military ID and other government issued identification showing your signature and your current photo. These documents should attest that you are a legitimate citizen in Monroe, New York and for that you are eligible to run a check on Monroe County Marriage License Records. Results of your request are usually available for pick up, but in the case of the ones being requested for genealogical purposes the office will rather mail to you the results.
The County now has an On-line Office which offers quicker delivery of search results. In this case, the request can be completed in 5 to 10 business days. The office can mail you the request within that period of time. More so, you get to obtain the certified copies already by going through the procedure. The locals are encouraged to contact the county clerk for questions on how to make use of the new system installed by the local officials. It should be tested to see if it's useful or not. Plus, it is significant that you adhere to the rules and regulations imposed in Monroe. Otherwise, your application will never be attended.
With the volume of marriage requests going up over time it is only apparent that innovations on how to quickly provide the public marriage records New York should take place. Well, today, it has begun by having some online records solution available for marital searches. However, it is your responsibility to pick a legitimate resource which brings you the data that you are exactly looking for. So, you find a trusted one and grab the complete set of reports that you need.


Essay on "Cycling- Its Pleasures and Advantages" Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.
Home » Languages » English (Sr. Secondary) » Essay on "Cycling- Its Pleasures and Advantages" Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.
The cycle is one of the means of travelling. It is very useful in covering short distances. Hence we see cycles in most of the houses.
We can go on our cycles where we like. We need not only travel on the best laid out roads. As we travel on a cycle, we enjoy fresh air. Outdoor life gives us many advantages. New scenes meet our eyes. Our mind is free from serious thoughts. We forget the bitterness of life while we are cycling.
Cycle is also a boon to those in live in cities and towns. They have very few chances to enjoy nature. They are strangers to the natural scenes and beauty. To these people the cycles are of great use. It provides them a chance to go to the countryside where nature reigns. Thus they can enjoy the beautiful sight and scenes of nature.
Besides these pleasures cycling teaches us the geography of the area through which we pass. It gives us the opportunity to know the history and geography of the place we visit. Cycling gives good exercise to its rider. It keeps him healthy and active.
A cyclist need not travel alone. He can always travel in the company of his friends. As they go on cycling they can go on talking. When they see some beautiful object, they can stop and enjoy it. They pass their time in laughing, taking and cracking jokes.
Cycles are the cheapest conveyance. It is a good exercise. It improves our health. A cycle does not cost much and remains in good running order for several years.
The usefulness of the cycle is admitted on all hands. It is a poor man's car. It is a time saving machine. We can travel on its eight to ten kilometers a day. Advanced countries are also using it and are very popular in these countries.
«Essay on "Space Travel" Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.


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Must Watch TV Series For Every Pretty Little Liars Fan
Obsessed with Pretty Little Liars? Have you started missing the show already? But you don't need to worry, here is a list of Must Watch TV Series which are similar to Pretty Little Liars in some way or other. Every PLL fan should give these a try.
Must Watch TV Series For Pretty Little Fans
1. Riverdale
This show is centered on a bunch of teenage students who try to cope up with a tragedy and the secrets which prevail in the town of Riverdale. The show has been a smash hit for CW with its second season all set to premiere this October.
2. The Vampire Diaries
The Vampire Diaries is an amalgamation of PLL and some supernatural elements like Vampires and witches. Like PLL, The Vampire Diaries also has a villain which makes the show interesting to watch. TVD is a Must Watch TV Series For Every Pretty Little Liars Fan.
Also read: Delena Was The Worst Part Of TVD: Stelena vs Delena Conflict resolved
3. Revenge
In this show, a girl named Emily moves to Hamptons to seek vengeance from everyone who wronged and betrayed her father. Though the show is no more on-air its seasons are available on Netflix. The clues to the murders are hidden between scenes as in PLL.
Also Check 5 Worst Pretty Little Liars episodes that were absolutely worthless to watch
4. Scream
This show is based on the movie Scream and is a blend of teenage drama and horror. The show becomes interesting when a sequence of murders take place in the town. The show is centered on Emma Duval and her friends.
Check Out: Pretty Little Liars Saddest Moments You Should Take A Look At
5. 13 Reasons Why
Just like PLL, 13 reasons why starts after the death of a girl named Hanna at Liberty High School. But unlike PLL, Hanna is not a villain, instead, she wants to teach her mates a lesson on how drastic can the consequences of teenage bullying be. The show is based on Jay Usher's novel in which Hanna illustrates the reason of her suicide over 13 tapes.
6. Famous in Love
Soon after the conclusion of PLL, Marlene King got indulged in the creation of Famous in Love. The show stars Bella Thorne who gets a big Hollywood break overnight. The entire season is available on the freeform app and the second season is yet to be renewed.
Also read: Reasons why Caleb should have been A.D
7. How To Get Away With Murder
This show revolves around a group of law students who try to cover up a murder with their professor. The first three seasons are available on Netflix with the fourth set to premiere.
8. Shadowhunters
This is a Freeform series which is based on the book "The Mortal Instruments". The beings showcased in this series are born with angelic blood and are destined to protect the human beings from demons. The show also showcases creatures like vampires and werewolves. The first two seasons of the show are available on HULU and the third season is renewed by Freeform.
Check out these Worst characters Pretty Little Liars ever introduced
So, what are you waiting for? Watch and let us know which one do you like the most among these Must Watch TV Series For Every Pretty Little Liars Fan.
Previous articleThis Theory About Who Is The Night King Will Blow Your Mind!!!
Next article10 Best Game Of Thrones Episodes That Totally Kept Us Hooked To The Screen
Best Of Mona Vanderwaal From Pretty Little Liars
PLL Funny Moments: Ridiculous Things That Can Happen Only In Rosewood
PLL Unanswered Questions: Even The Finale Didn't Answer These Burning Questions
Perfect 8 Reasons Why Most Fans Hated The Pretty Little Liars Finale To It's Core | CinemaProbe November 23, 2017 at 10:59 AM
[…] Also Read: Must Watch TV Shows For Every Pretty Little Liars Fan […]


Moving to a new house or office space can be a very frustrating and tedious experience that requires a lot of work. Packing everything you own into boxes or bubble wrap is very time consuming, and the process eats away at time you could have otherwise spent on work or with your family.
Move On Removals are available to help you streamline the moving process. Our removalists in Mont Albert are available to travel to any part of Melbourne, or further, to help you settle into your new home or workplace. As Mont Albert is only 12 kilometres away from the CBD, it is very easy for our team to get around town to assist you.
Our removalists are trained to safely use sophisticated moving equipment and methods to correctly handle your furniture during the move, and we will ensure that no time is wasted and that no items are damaged in the moving process. Moving heavy objects such as couches, wardrobes, beds, tables, desks, cabinets, or anything else, can be dangerous if lifted and handled incorrectly. There is the possibility of injuring your back, legs, knees, or any other part of your body if this happens. So, allow our removalists to move these big, heavy items for you, giving you time to focus on other aspects of your move. We will safely store your furniture and secure it on our reliable moving trucks to prepare them for the move. All your items, including your furniture, are covered by our insurance in the event of anything getting damaged during the moving process.
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