text:
BROTHERHOOD OF MEN
One night a brother was heading home after indulging a bit too much at the bar after his lodge meeting.
He was weaving a little across the path, steadying himself against the lamp-posts.
A concerned policeman saw him, and walked over to him.
"Well sir, where are we going at this time of night, eh?" he asked.
The brother replied
"I, officer, am going to a lecture on Masonry!"
Bemused, the policeman asked, "And just where are you going to hear a lecture on Masonry at this time of night?"
The brother replied, "From my wife!!!"
Why do Masons wear aprons?
To cover their working tools.
A country lodge was in the process of initiating a candidate on a hot and August night. A tropical thunderstorm was brewing and every-one was perspiring freely when the Master asked the candidate what he most desired.
The candidate replied,
"A beer."
At this juncture, the JD, being startled whispered, "Light" to the candidate.
"O.K.," the candidate replied, "a light beer, thanks."
BROTHERHOOD G MEN MERCHANDISE
Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace
their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which
from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the
qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with
authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the
three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice,
Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master
Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge)
Freemasonry. Members of these organisations are known as
Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which
vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered
by different bodies than the craft degrees.
The basic, local organisational unit of Freemasonry is the
Lodge. The Lodges are usually supervised and governed at
the regional level (usually coterminous with either a state,
province, or national border) by a Grand Lodge or Grand
Orient. There is no international, world-wide Grand Lodge that
supervises all of Freemasonry; each Grand Lodge is
independent, and they do not necessarily recognise each other
as being legitimate.
Modern Freemasonry broadly consists of two main
recognition groups. Regular Freemasonry insists that a volume
of scripture is open in a working lodge, that every member
profess A belief in a Deity, that no women are admitted, and
that the discussion of religion and politics is banned.
Continental Freemasonry is now the general term for the "liberal" jurisdictions who have
removed some, or all, of these restrictions. The Masonic Lodge is the basic
organisational unit of Freemasonry. The Lodge meets regularly to conduct the usual
formal business of any small organisation (pay bills, organise social and charitable events,
elect new members,etc.). In addition to business, the meeting may perform a ceremony to
confer a Masonic degree or receive a lecture, which is usually on some aspect of Masonic history or ritual. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Lodge might adjourn for a formal dinner, or festive board, sometimes involving toasting and song.
The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice . Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellow craft , and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason . In all of these ceremonies, the candidate is entrusted with passwords, signs and grips peculiar to his new rank. Another ceremony is the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge. In some jurisdictions Installed Master is valued as a separate rank, with its own secrets to distinguish its members. In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognized, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.
Most Lodges have some sort of social calendar, allowing Masons and their partners to meet in a less ritualised environment. Often coupled with these events is the obligation placed on every Mason to contribute to charity. This occurs at both Lodge and Grand Lodge level. Masonic charities contribute to many fields from education to disaster relief.
These private local Lodges form the backbone of Freemasonry, and a Freemason will necessarily have been initiated into one of these. There also exist specialist Lodges where Masons meet to celebrate anything from sport to Masonic research. The rank of Master Mason also entitles a Freemason to explore Masonry further through other degrees, administered separately from the Craft, or "Blue Lodge" degrees described here, but having a similar format to their meetings.
There is very little consistency in Freemasonry. Because each Masonic jurisdiction is independent, each sets its own procedures. The wording of the ritual, the number of officers present, the layout of the meeting room, etc. varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
The officers of the Lodge are elected or appointed annually. Every Masonic Lodge has a Master, two Wardens, a secretary and a treasurer. There is also a Tyler, or outer guard, who is always present outside the door of a working Lodge. Other offices vary between jurisdictions.
Each Masonic Lodge exists and operates according to a set of ancient principles known as the Landmarks of Freemasonry. These principles have thus far eluded any universally accepted definition.
Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the
initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from there, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (depending on the Masonic
Jurisdiction) can be accepted.
The absolute minimum requirement of any body of Freemasons is that the candidate must be free, and considered to be of good character. There is usually an age requirement, varying greatly between Grand Lodges, and
(in some jurisdictions) capable of being overridden by a dispensation from the Grand Lodge. The underlying assumption is that the candidate should be a mature adult. In addition, most Grand Lodges require the candidate to declare a belief in a Supreme Being. In a few cases, the candidate may be required to be of a specific religion. The form of Freemasonry common in Scandinavia (known as the Swedish Rite), for example, accepts only Christians. At the other end of the spectrum, "Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry, exemplified by the Grand Orient de France, does not require a declaration of belief in any deity, and accepts atheists (a cause of discord with the rest of Freemasonry).
During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfill certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, and to support a fellow Mason in distress (as far as practicality and the law permit). There is instruction as to the duties of a Freemason, but on the whole, Freemasons are left
to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying. Some will further explore the ritual and symbolism of the craft, others will focus their involvement on the social side of the Lodge, while still others will concentrate on the charitable functions of the lodge.
The history of Freemasonry encompasses the origins, evolution and defining events of the fraternal organisation known as Freemasonry. It covers three phases. Firstly, the emergence of organised lodges of operative masons during the Middle Ages, then the admission of lay members as "accepted" or speculative masons, and finally the evolution of purely speculative lodges, and the emergence of Grand Lodges to govern them. The watershed in this process is generally taken to be the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London in 1717. The two difficulties facing historians are the paucity of written material, even down to the 19th century, and the misinformation generated by masons and non- masons alike from the earliest years.
The earliest masonic texts each contain some sort of a history of the craft, or mystery, of masonry. The oldest known work of this type, The Halliwell Manuscript, or Regius Poem, dating from between 1390 and 1425, has a brief history, introduction, stating that the "craft of masonry" began
with Euclid in Egypt, and came to England in the reign of King Athelstan.
Shortly afterwards, the Cooke Manuscript traces masonry to Jabal son of Lamech (Genesis 4: 20-22), and tells how this knowledge came to Euclid, from him to the Children of Israel (while they were in Egypt), and so on through an elaborate path to Athelstan. This myth formed the basis for subsequent manuscript constitutions, all tracing masonry back to biblical times, and fixing its institutional establishment in England during the reign of Athelstan.
Shortly after the formation of the Premier Grand Lodge of England,
James Anderson was commissioned to digest these "Gothic Constitutions" in a palatable, modern form. The resulting constitutions are prefaced by a history more extensive than any before, again tracing the history of what was now freemasonry back to biblical roots, again forging Euclid into the chain. True to his material, Anderson fixes the first grand assembly of English Masons at York, under Athelstan's son, Edwin, who is otherwise unknown to history. Expanded, revised and republished, Anderson's 1738 constituted the Grand Masters since Augustine of Canterbury, cited as Austin the Monk. William Preston's Illustrations of Freemasonry enlarged and expanded on this masonic creation myth.
In France, the 1737 lecture of Chevalier Ramsay added the crusaders to the lineage. He maintained and added that Crusader Masons had revived the craft with recovered in the Holy Land, under the patronage of the Knights point, the "history" of the craft in Continental Freemasonry diverged from that in England.
Anderson's histories of 1723 and 1738, Ramsay's romanticism, together with the internal allegory of masonic ritual, center on King Solomon's Temple and its architect, Hiram Abiff, have provided ample material for further speculation.
The earliest known ritual places the first masonic lodge in the porchway of King Solomon's Temple. Following Anderson, it has also been possible to trace Freemasonry to Euclid, Pythagoras, Moses, the Essenes, and the Culdees. Preston started his history with the Druids, while Anderson's description of masons as "Noachides", extrapolated by Albert Mackey , put Noah into the equation.
Following Ramsay's introduction of Crusader masons, the Knights Templar became involved in the myth, starting with Karl Gotthelf von Hund's Rite of Strict Observance, which also linked in the exiled House of Stuart. The murder of Hiram Abiff was taken as an allegory for the death of Charles I of England. Oliver Cromwell emerges as the founder of Freemasonry in an anonymous anti-masonic work of 1745, commonly attributed to Abbé Larudan. Mackey states that "The propositions of Larudan are distinguished for their absolute independence of all historical authority and for the bold assumptions which are presented to the reader in the place of facts." The anti-masonic writings of Christoph Friedrich Nicolai implicated Francis Bacon and the Rosicrucians, while Christopher Wren's connection with the craft was omitted from Anderson's first book of constitutions, but appeared in the second when Wren was dead.
The German pioneer in Masonic history Joseph Gabriel Findel , and others since, have sought the origins of organised masonry in the lodges of the medieval German cathedrals, although no link has been found to the development of the Freemasonry that later spread from England to Germany. Similarly, attempts to root Freemasonry in the French
Compagnonnage have produced no concrete links. Connections to the Roman Collegia and Comacine masters are similarly tenuous, although some Freemasons see them as exemplars rather than ancestors. Thomas Paine traced Freemasonry to Ancient Egypt, as did Cagliostro, who went so far as to supply the ritual.
More recently, several authors have linked the Templars to the timeline of Freemasonry through the imagery of the carvings in Rosslyn Chapel in Scotland , where the Templars are rumoured to have sought refuge after the dissolution of the order. In The Hiram Key, Robert Lomas and Christopher Knight describe a timeline starting in ancient Egypt, and taking in Jesus, the Templars, and Rosslyn before arriving at modern Freemasonry.
The earliest official English documents to refer to masons are written in Latin or Norman French. Thus we have "sculptores lapidum liberorum" (London 1212), "magister lathomus liberarum petrarum" (Oxford 1391), and "mestre mason de franche peer" (Statute of Labourers 1351). These all signify a worker in freestone, a grainless sandstone or limestone suitable for ornamental masonry. In the 17th century building accounts of Wadham College the terms freemason and freestone mason are used interchangeably. Freemason also contrasts with "Rough Mason" or "Layer", as a more skilled worker who worked
or laid dressed stone.
The adjective "free" in this context may also be taken to infer that the mason is not enslaved, indentured or feudally bound. While this is difficult to reconcile with medieval English masons, it apparently became important to Scottish operative lodges.
A medieval Master Mason would be required to undergo what passed for a liberal education in those days. In England, he would leave home at nine or ten years of age already literate in English and French, educated at home or at the petty (junior) school. From then until the age of fourteen, he would attend monastery or grammar school to learn Latin, or as a page in a knightly household would learn in addition to his studies.
Between the ages of fourteen and seventeen he would learn the basic skills of choosing, shaping, and combining stone and then between the ages of 17 and 21, be required to learn by rote a large number of formal problems in geometry. Three years as a journeyman would often finish with the submission of a masterwork dealing with a set problem considered qualified, but still had a career ladder to climb before attaining the status of Master Mason on a large project.
In his function as architect, the Master Mason probably made his plans for each successive stage of a build in silverpoint on a prepared parchment or board. These would be realised on the ground by using a larger compass than the one used for drafting. Medieval architects are depicted with much larger compasses and squares where they are shown on a building site. Fine detail was transferred from the drawing board by means of wooden templates supplied to the masons.
The Master Masons who appear in record as presiding over major works, such as York Minster, became wealthy and respected. Visiting Master Masons and Master Carpenters sat at high table of monasteries, dining with the abbott.
The historical record shows two levels of organisation in medieval masonry, the lodge and the "guild". The original use of the word lodge indicates a workshop erected on the site of a major work, the first mention being Vale Royal Abbey in 1278. Later, it gained the secondary meaning of the community of masons in a particular place. The earliest surviving records of these are the laws and ordinances of the lodge at York Minster in 1352. It should be noted that these regulations were imposed by the Dean and Chapter of the Minster.
Nineteenth-century historians imposed the term "Guild" on the "fellowships" of medieval tradesmen as an analogy with the merchant guilds. The masons were late in forming such bodies. The major employer of masons in medieval England was the crown, and the crown frequently employed masons by impressment. In other words, they were forcibly recruited when the need arose. In 1356, the preamble to regulations governing the Trade of Masons specifically states that, unlike the other trades, no body existed for the regulation of masonry by masons. Finally, in 1376, four representatives
of the "mystery" or trade are elected to the Common Council in London. This also seems to be the first use of the word "freemason" in English. It was immediately struck out, and replaced with the word "mason".
A fraternity (from Latin frater:
"brother"; "brotherhood"), fraternal order or fraternal organisation is an order, organisation, society or a club of men associated together for various religious or secular aims. Fraternity in the Western concept developed in the Christian context, notably with the religious orders in the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. A notion eventually further extended with the middle age guilds, followed by the early modern formation of gentlemen's clubs, free oddfellows , student fraternities and fraternal service organisations.
Members are occasionally referred to as a brother or - usually in religious context - Frater or Friar.
Today, connotations of fraternities vary according to the context, including companion ships and brotherhoods dedicated to the religious, intellectual, academic, physical and/or social pursuits of its members. Additionally, in modern times, it sometimes connotes to a secret society, especially regarding freemasonry, odd fellows and various academic and student societies.
Although membership in fraternities was and mostly still is limited to men, ever since the Catholic sisters and nuns of the Middle Ages and henceforth, this is not always the case. There are mixed male and female fraternities and fraternal orders, as well as wholly female religious orders and societies, or sororities. Notable modern fraternities or fraternal orders that with time have evolved to more or less permit female members, include some grand lodges operating among freemasons and odd fellows.
Freemasonry describes itself as a "'beautiful system of morality, veiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols". The symbolism is mainly, but not exclusively, drawn from the manual tools of stonemasons – the square and compasses, the level and plumb rule, the trowel, among others. A moral lesson is attached to each of these tools, although the assignment is by no means consistent.
The meaning of the symbolism is taught and explored through ritual.
All Freemasons begin their journey in the "craft" by being progressively initiated, passed and raised into the three degrees of Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry. During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated. The initiations are part allegory and part lecture, and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon, and the artistry and death of his chief architect, Hiram Abiff. The degrees are those of Entered apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason. While many different versions of these rituals exist, with at least two different lodge layouts and versions of the Hiram myth, each version is recognizable to any Freemason from any jurisdiction.
In some jurisdictions the main themes of each degree are illustrated by tracing boards. These painted depictions of Masonic themes are exhibited in the lodge according to which degree is being worked, and are explained to the candidate to illustrate the legend and symbolism of each degree.
The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. In most Lodges the oath or obligation is taken on
a Volume of Sacred Law, whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother (usually the Bible in the Anglo-American tradition). In Progressive continental Freemasonry, books other than scripture are permissible, a cause of rupture between Grand Lodges.
Anti-Masonry (alternatively called Anti-Freemasonry) has been defined as
"opposition to Freemasonry", but there is no homogeneous anti-Masonic
movement. Anti-Masonry consists of widely differing criticisms from diverse
(and often incompatible) groups who are hostile to Freemasonry in some
form. Critics have included religious groups, political groups, and conspiracy
theorists.
There have been many disclosures and exposés dating as far back as the
18th century. These often lack context, may be outdated for various reasons,
or could be outright hoaxes on the part of the author, as in the case of the
Taxil hoax .
These hoaxes and exposés have often become the basis for criticism of
Masonry, often religious or political in nature or are based on suspicion of
corrupt conspiracy of some form. The political opposition that arose after the
"Morgan Affair" in 1826 gave rise to the term Anti-Masonry, which is still in
use today, both by Masons in referring to their critics and as a self-descriptor
by the critics themselves.
Freemasonry has attracted criticism from theocratic states and organised
religions for supposed competition with religion, or supposed heterodoxy
within the fraternity itself and has long been the target of conspiracy theories,
which assert Freemasonry to be an occult and evil power.
Although members of various faiths cite objections, certain Christian
denominations have had high profile negative attitudes to Masonry, banning
or discouraging their members from being Freemasons. The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church. The objections raised by the Roman Catholic Church are based on the allegation that Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion which is in conflict with Church doctrine. A number of Papal pronouncements have been issued against Freemasonry. The first was Pope Clement XII's In eminenti apostolatus, 28 April 1738; the most recent was Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890. The 1917 Code of Canon Law explicitly declared that joining Freemasonry entailed automatic excommunication, and banned books favouring Freemasonry.
In 1983, the Church issued a new code of canon law. Unlike its predecessor, the 1983 Code of Canon Law did not explicitly name Masonic orders among the secret societies it condemns. It states:
"A person who joins an association which plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; one who promotes or takes office in such an association is to be punished with an interdict." This named omission of Masonic orders caused both Catholics and Freemasons to believe that the ban on Catholics becoming Freemasons may have been lifted, especially after the perceived liberalisation of Vatican II. However, the matter was clarified when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI), as the Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued a Declaration on Masonic Associations, which states:
"... the Church's negative judgment in regard to Masonic association remains unchanged since their principles have always been considered irreconcilable with the doctrine of the Church and therefore membership in them remains forbidden. The faithful who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion." For its part, Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity. Those Grand Lodges in amity
with UGLE deny the Church's claims. The UGLE now states that
"Freemasonry does not seek to replace a Mason's religion or provide a
substitute for it."
In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant
objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism,
and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some
cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position
of Masonry on these issues. However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned,
was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among
Freemasons in general. His writings represented his personal opinion only,
and furthermore an opinion grounded in the attitudes and understandings of
late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA. Notably, his book
carries in the preface a form of disclaimer from his own Grand Lodge. No
one voice has ever spoken for the whole of freemasonry.
Free Methodist Church founder B.T. Roberts was a vocal opponent of
Freemasonry in the mid 19th century. Roberts opposed the society on moral
grounds and stated, "The god of the lodge is not the God of the Bible." Roberts believed Freemasonry was a "mystery" or "alternate" religion and encouraged his church not to support ministers who were Freemasons. Freedom from secret societies is one of the "frees" upon which the Free Methodist Church was founded.
Since the founding of Freemasonry, many Bishops of the Church of England have been Freemasons, such as Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher. In the past, few members of the Church of England would have seen any incongruity in concurrently adhering to Anglican Christianity and practising Freemasonry. In recent decades, however, reservations about Freemasonry have increased within Anglicanism, perhaps due to the increasing prominence of the evangelical wing of the church. The former Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, appeared to harbour some reservations about Masonic ritual, whilst being anxious to avoid causing offence to Freemasons inside and outside the Church of England. In 2003 he felt it
necessary to apologise to British Freemasons after he said that their beliefs were incompatible with Christianity and that he had barred the appointment of Freemasons To senior posts in his diocese when he was Bishop of Monmouth.
In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a
Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the
person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist. This has
been generally affirmed throughout the whole Eastern Orthodox Church. The
Orthodox critique of Freemasonry agrees with both the Roman Catholic and
Protestant ideas:
Freemasonry cannot be at all compatible with Christianity as
far as it is a secret organisation, acting and teaching in mystery and secret and
deifying "Freemasonry is not a religion, nor a substitute for religion. There is no
separate 'Masonic deity,' and there is no separate proper name for a deity in
Freemasonry." Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both
antisemitism and Anti-Zionism,
though other criticisms are made
such as linking Freemasonry to al-
Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah).
Some Muslim anti -Masons argue
that Freemasonry promotes the
interests of the Jews around the
world and that one of its aims is to
destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order
to rebuild the Temple of Solomon in
Jerusalem. In article 28 of its
Covenant, Hamas states that
Freemasonry, Rotary, and other
similar groups "work in the interest of Zionism and according to its instructions ...". Many countries with a significant Muslim population do not allow Masonic establishments within their jurisdictions. However, countries such as Turkey and
Morocco have established Grand Lodges, while in countries such as Malaysia and Lebanon there are District Grand Lodges operating under a warrant from an established Grand Lodge.
In Pakistan in 1972, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, then Prime Minister of Pakistan, placed a ban on Freemasonry. Lodge buildings were confiscated by the government.
Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was
opened. Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923. However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965. This position was later reinforced under
Saddam Hussein; the death penalty was "prescribed" for those who "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including freemasonry, or who associate themselves with Zionist organisations."
In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Ancients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work. As a result, Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act, provided that each private lodge's Secretary placed with the local "Clerk of the Peace" a list of the members of his lodge once a year. This continued until 1967 when the obligation of the provision was rescinded by Parliament.
Freemasonry in the United States faced political pressure following the 1826 kidnapping of William Morgan by Freemasons and subsequent disappearance. Reports of the "Morgan Affair", together with opposition to Jacksonian democracy (Andrew Jackson was a prominent Mason) helped fuel an Anti-Masonic movement, culminating in the formation of a short lived Anti Masonic Party which fielded candidates for the Presidential elections of 1828 and 1832.
In Italy, Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge (a.k.a. P2). This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia in 1877, as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges. Under
Licio Gelli's leadership, in the late 1970s, P2 became involved in the financial scandals that nearly bankrupted the Vatican Bank. However, by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly, as the Grand Orient had revoked its charter and expelled Gelli in 1976.
Conspiracy theorists have long associated Freemasonry with the New World Order and the Illuminati, and state that Freemasonry as an organisation is either bent on world domination or already secretly in control of world politics. Historically, Freemasonry has attracted criticism—and suppression—from both the politically far right (e.g., Nazi Germany) and the far left (e.g. the former Communist states in Eastern Europe).
BROTHERHOOD OF MAN
Even in modern democracies, Freemasonry is sometimes viewed with distrust. In the UK, Masons working in the justice system, such as judges and police officers, were from 1999 to 2009 required to disclose their membership. While a parliamentary inquiry found that there has been no evidence of wrongdoing, it was felt that any potential loyalties Masons might have, based on their vows to support fellow Masons, should be transparent to the public. The policy of requiring a declaration of masonic membership of applicants for judicial office (judges and magistrates) was ended in 2009 by Justice Secretary Jack Straw (who had initiated the requirement in the 1990s). Straw stated that the rule was considered disproportionate, since no impropriety or malpractice had been shown as a result of judges being Freemasons.
Freemasonry is both successful and controversial in France;
membership is rising, but reporting in the popular media is often
negative.
In some countries anti-Masonry is often related to antisemitism and
anti-Zionism. For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code
was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a
felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including
Freemasonry, or who associate themselves with Zionist
organisations". Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of
Sheffield writes:
"Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders
of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it
is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot
have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were
inspired by a masonic world order".
The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic propaganda. While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime. Masonic concentration camp inmates were graded as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle.
The small blue forget-me-not flower was first used by the Grand Lodge Zur Sonne, in 1926, as a Masonic emblem at the annual convention in Bremen, Germany. In 1938 a forget-me-not badge—made by the same factory as the Masonic badge—was chosen for the annual Nazi Party Winterhilfswerk, the annual charity drive of the National Socialist People's Welfare, the welfare branch of the Nazi party. This coincidence enabled Freemasons to wear the forget-me-not badge as a secret sign of membership.
After World War II, the forget-me-not flower was again used as a Masonic emblem at the first Annual Convention of the United Grand Lodges of Germany in 1948. The badge is now worn in the coat lapel by Freemasons around the world to remember all who suffered in the name of Freemasonry, especially those during the Nazi era.
I violate no secret when I say that one of the greatest values in Masonry is that it affords an opportunity for men of all walks of life to meet on common ground where all men are equal and have one common interest. Theodore Roosevelt
"So far as I am acquainted with the principles and doctrines of Freemasonry,
I conceive it to be founded in benevolence and to be exercised only for the good of mankind."
– George Washington


text:
Robots, lasers and spit: researchers develop innovate methods to test for Covid-19
Published Tuesday, April 7, 2020
As governments scramble to scale up testing for Covid-19 in order to help prevent its spread, researchers have found unusual ways to determine whether a patient is infected with the virus.
Firstly, a team from the UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) has created a robotic testing platform developed in just nine days that is expected to boost UK testing capacity.
The platform is usually used to test for infections in vulnerable people such as those living with dementia.
Currently, around 10,000 tests for coronavirus are being done each day in the UK, with the Government aiming to increase this to 100,000 per day by the end of April.
Each of the robotic modules developed has the capability to process almost 1,000 coronavirus samples in a 12-hour period.
The system employs the same test being used by the NHS, but is able to process many more samples at once and, unlike other systems, can use a range of different reagents.
It is currently being accredited and approved, and last week began testing samples at two NHS hospitals in London, which have one robotic module each.
After completing validation on 251 real-life samples in blind testing, the platform began testing patient samples yesterday and is now ready to be rolled out on a much larger scale, UK DRI said.
Professor Paul Freemont, group leader at the UK DRI's care research and technology centre at Imperial College London and University of Surrey, said: "This whole project was about mobilising people, equipment and expertise to contribute to efforts to combat the virus.
"I am fortunate to be surrounded by an amazing team and it's astonishing what they have been able to achieve in less than two weeks.
"Importantly, we were talking to NHS professionals on the front line from the very start. We began by asking them how we could help and were led by them throughout the whole process."
A separate team of European photonics scientists are developing an ultrasensitive laser sensor that can detect coronavirus from a simple saliva or nasal swab in minutes.
The non-invasive optical biosensor is capable of finding Covid-19 in humans as soon as it is present in the body, meaning even those on day 1 of the infection could be told to self-isolate in order to prevent further spread.
Originally developed to look for bacterial infections or cancer biomarkers, the detector is able to examine virus antigens using miniaturised chips – or 'nanophotonic biosensors'.
While the researchers have already created six working laboratory demonstrators for other applications, they say technology still needs further adaptation and testing but could be available in a year at the latest.
Calling themselves CONVAT and co-ordinated at ICN2 – the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Spain – the researchers have tested the demonstrators on patients' samples provided by hospitals in Spain.
Project co-ordinator, Professor Laura Lechuga said: "With thousands of deaths worldwide, we are in urgent need of a rapid new testing kit that is accurate, highly sensitive, non-invasive and cheap to produce.
"We are currently integrating all the instrumentation in a portable 25x15x25 cm box with a tablet control.
"At present, our detector is user-friendly, with the preparation being only technical expertise required, and could be widely deployed for GPs or nurses to test patients.
"Our nanosensor is capable of detecting RNA strands which will fully identify the new coronavirus."
Earlier this week scientists called for more research into whether current water treatment methods are enough to kill Covid-19 due to fears that the virus could be spread through water infrastructure.
healthcare technologies
Heathrow passenger numbers fell by 70 per cent in 2020
View from India: Tech-led mass vaccination to roll out

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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SCHOOL IS A-BUZZ OVER INVADERS
A WOKINGHAM primary school was a hive of activity last week when a group of bees set up camp in a tree overlooking the playground.
The bees arrived on Tuesday afternoon and settled 30 feet up one of the trees surrounding Hawthorns Primary School.
After the playground was closed off, headteacher Steve Hempson-Jones called Wokingham Pest Control, who put the school in touch with expert beekeeper Danny Stephenson of Waltham St Lawrence.
"Danny was brilliant - he arrived very quickly to assess the situation, but unfortunately we had to find something more substantial than a ladder before Danny could safely reach the bees," said Mr Hempson-Jones.
After contacting Wokingham District Council, the school was sent a cherry-picker by Southern Electric Contracting, which arrived within 20 minutes.
With the 'bee team' in place, Danny got to work, but unable to reach the queen, despite using traditional methods of gently smoking the insects into action, he was forced to make a return trip the next day to remove the few remaining bees.
The playground was out of action the next day and the windows were closed for the children's safety.
Danny started a new hive with the bees that remained, and has promised to give the children a talk on beekeeping at their fete next year, where he will be selling Hawthorns authentic honey.


Yahoo has released the next iteration of its own photo and video sharing app Flickr 3.0, flickr is used by many people around the world to share their photos and videos, this updates app has been made possible after the redesign of the flickr website few day back. The world is that the app has so many added features to it, flickr now gives the user 1 tera byte storage to have their photos for a single account and it has a all new UI.
The new version of flickr has improved its UI is a lot of ways and has 14 filters which ca be used to edit their pictures and as well as an 30 second HD video. They claim that with the new app we will be able to capture and share photos and videos so easily, the user can now even discover photos and videos faster than before, the search that took around 3 seconds is now just 30 millisecond. They also say that the new interface will allow easy sharing and uploading.
Some of the great new features of the new iteration of flickr is that we can store around 1 tera byte of photos and videos in it, then there is this important feature that helps the user to edit the photos in batch and combine them in to a single album, this will certainly help users who like to be organised. The redesign will help us to share all the photos is spaces like Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest. The app is available in both Play store and the App store.


Grandmaster Warm Up Volume 2 – Chillout is the 2nd in the new range of Mastermix megamixes that have been carefully compiled for professional DJs to use as part of their background music. This is a great selection that can be used during the early evening period at weddings, black tie balls & corporate events. The mix features 30 tracks including chillout tunes from Fatboy Slim, Simply Red, Happy Mondays and Groove Armada.
Fans of 'The King' will be rushing to get a copy of 'Prince From Another Planet: 40th Anniversary Edition', a deluxe two CD + DVD box set containing a pair of hour long performance recordings from his Madison Square Garden shows in June 1972.
A book celebrating the infamous Abbey Road Studios has been released to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the first Beatles recording, the 40th anniversary of Pink Floyd's 'Dark Side Of The Moon' and the 80th anniversary of the studios themselves.
Issue 314 is the latest in the essential Issue series from Mastermix. Jam packed full of classic and current hits, the two disc set contains a collection of mixes, remixes and mash-ups, created especially for hard-working DJs. 314 includes the smashes 'More Than This' from One Direction, 'Wide Awake' from Katy Perry, 'Turn Up The Music' by Chris Brown as well as a fantastic Tom Jones Pop collection!
ALLEN & HEATH has launched the ZED60-14FX, a highly compact analogue mixer that is ideal for small bands and venues as well as DJs looking to branch out into areas such as wedding reception or live music PA.
Former Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash has announced the details for a full UK solo tour later this year. The 47 year old, who is infamous for his trademark long curly hair, left the legendary rock band in 1996 after disputes with frontman Axl Rose.
The NADJ Wales branch is hosting a family BBQ from 6pm on Tuesday the 14th of August. The event will be held at the same place as the highly popular 2010 BBQ, How Caple Grange, Hertfordshire, and all DJs and their families are welcome to come along and join in the fun.
Cheese loving children's star Rastamouse and his group Da Easy Crew have signed a deal with record label EMI to produce a second album. The disc will follow the unexpected success of their first release 'Making A Bad Ting Good' and is set to be released in 2013.
A crowd of approximately 300 DJs, lighting professionals, club owners and dealers visited the ADJ Group's world headquarters in Los Angeles on the 18th of July. They were there to tour the company's new showroom and see some of the latest products from American DJ, American Audio and Global Truss America.
If, like the rest of the world, you were completely blown away by the London 2012 Opening Ceremony, you won't want to miss this once in a lifetime opportunity to find out how the technical teams turned Danny Boyle's vision into a reality.
A Festival Without The Mud!
An exclusive music festival called Offshore will set sail in September 2013 around the sun soaked Med. Just 2,500 tickets are up for grabs, with priority tickets already on sale.
Bob Dylan will release his 35th studio album 'Tempest' to coincide with his 50th year as a recording artist; he released his self-titled debut back in 1962. The new album will be released on September the 10th in the UK.
Numark unveiled their latest DJ mixer, controller and playback device at the Musikmesse show in Germany and now the MIXDECK QUAD is available to purchase.
Julio Iglesias' career has spanned four decades, his romantic image and magnetic stage presence has made him one of the most popular singers of all time. He has sold over 300 million records worldwide in 14 languages and Sony Music Entertainment named him as one of the top 15 bestselling music artists in history. Julio has now chosen a selection of these songs to re-record and release on his new album '1'.
Reloop are launching a competition to find the ultimate DJ controller champion. Anyone who thinks they have creative and exciting mixing skills should apply and the top 6 DJs with the most votes will receive some fantastic prizes, including a brand new Reloop Terminal Mix 4!
Beyoncé, Coldplay and Eminem are just three of the artists who have taken part in the creation of the new Rhythms Del Mundo album, 'Rhythms Del Mundo: Africa'. The album is part of a collection created by the UK based charity Artists Project Earth (APE), which raises awareness of climate change and aims to protect its victims through music.
Grandmaster Philadelphia Soul contains 30 classic soul anthems on one continuous megamix. Featuring hits from Billy Paul, Lou Rawls, McFadden & Whitehead and MFSB, this mix pays homage to the soul music producer Tom Moulton. It's also the perfect tribute to the legendary Philadelphia Records label. The whole album has been carefully produced to ensure a smooth, slick mix that will be well received on the dancefloor!
Rock legends Kiss have released a limited edition book which is "as tall as a guitar". The retrospective publication features unseen photographs from the band's career which spans four decades. The book itself is over three feet tall and two feet wide and just 1000 copies are available to fans.


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what type of volcano is galeras
a cinder cone, shield, or comosite? Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, with its first historical eruption being recorded on December 7, 1580. The Galeras Volcano in southern Colombia registered two moderate volcanic earthquakes on Tuesday, June 12, 2018, that left two people dead as well as several homes and roadways damaged. Mountain type: Complex volcano: Volcanic arc/belt: North Volcanic Zone: Last eruption: 2012 to 2014 Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century native people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nariño, near the departmental capital Pasto. During this time, Galeras has experienced six periods of activity, in which 45 separate volcanic events consisting of pyroclastic flows, tephra falls, lava flows, and lahars have been documented. Two caldera forming events have occurred at the volcano. 560,000 years ago, and sometime between 40,000 and 150,000 years ago. 400,000 inhabitants), is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. More than 400,000 people live within the volcano's zone of influence. What type of volcano is White Island? Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century indigenous people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nariño, near the departmental capital Pasto. Galeras. The active crater is located ~9 km W of Pasto, a city of 350,000 persons. Location:South America, Colombia, Type: Stratovolcano Active,Dormant, Extinct: Active Last known eruption: 1993, Size: elevation: 4,276 meters (14,029 ft) above sea level The Galeras volcano is the most active volcano in Colombia. The last major eruption of the Galeras volcano was in 1936, when its ashes reached as far as many towns in Ecuador. The column of material belched out in the eruption rose nine to 6.2 miles into the air, the statement said. Three types of volcanoes from left to right (all images WikiMedia): – Sunset Crater, Arizona, a 340 m high monogenetic cinder cone – Mauna Kea, Hawaii, a 4,205 m high shield volcano – Koryaksky, Russia, a 3,456 m high stratovolcano overlooking the city of Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka. Antonyms for Galeras Volcano. Climb Galeras Volcano. The latest eruption was in 1993 which killed 9 people including six scientists. dha-geneva 93/0018 colombia - eruption of volcano galeras dha-geneva information report no. Galeras has been an active volcano for at least one million years. Galeras eruption image – courtesy and copyright Josecamilom. The dominantly andesitic Galeras volcanic complex has been active for more than 1 million years, and two major caldera collapse eruptions took place during the late Pleistocene. Colombia on Wednesday lowered an alert status on the Galeras volcano from red to orange, as the danger... Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images What type of volcano is galeras? Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto (a city with approx. Its summit rises 4,276 meters (14,029 ft) above sea level. Nariño, Colombia. Unusual low-frequency volcanic seismic events with slowly decaying coda waves observed at Galeras and other volcanoes. This lava mouth and the volcanic vent internal pressure increases in the volcano to cause huge explosions that can destroy the volcano itself and give birth to a caldera. Its peak rises 4,276 metres (14,029 ft) above sea level. Nota: A Plinian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption, lava emission viscous, which occurs on gray volcanoes. Galeras is part of the South American Andes mountain chan. Galeras became active again in 1988 after 10 years of dormancy. The Galeras volcano erupted explosively, producing a ballistic expulsion of rocks in an eastward direction reaching about three kilometers (1.8 miles). The caldera is open to the west. A Decade Volcano conference in the city of Pasto, in 1993, ended in disaster when several of the scientists present mounted an impromptu expedition on 14 January to the crater of Galeras.An eruption occurred unexpectedly while they were at the summit, which resulted in the deaths of six scientists and three tourists. It is a convergent boundary and a strato volcano. Galeras volcano is located in southern Colombia close to the border with Ecuador. Der Galeras ist einer der weltweit 16 Decade Volcanoes, die die International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) ausgewählt hat, weil diese Vulkane aufgrund ihrer Geschichte mit großen, zerstörerischen Ausbrüchen und ihrer Nähe zu bewohnten Gebieten eine besonders intensive Erforschung verdienten. The city of Pasto with 450,000 inhabitants is located on the eastern slope of Galeras. The dominantly andesitic complex has been active for more than 1 million years, and two major caldera collapse eruptions took place during the late Pleistocene. The volcanic complex consists of several small calderas, cinder cones and a stratovolcano. In an eruption in 1993, it killed a group of scientists and tourists who had been inside its crater when it erupted." Gomez, D. M., and Torres, R. A., 1997. Galeras Volcano is on the Nazca and the South American plates. It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, and in 1993, an eruption killed nine people, including five scientists who had descended into the volcano's crater to sample gases . The Galeras volcano is one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes in the world; it is located in the Colombian Andes near Pasto City, which has approximately 450,000 inhabitants. Synonyms for Galeras Volcano in Free Thesaurus. Picture of the Galeras volcano seen from Pasto, Nariño department, Colombia, on August 26, 2010. According to Volcano Discovery, "Galeras is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes. Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto (a city with approx. Galeras volcano has emitted a minimum of 1.9 Tg SO2 during the past seven-year period of re-activation from 1989 to 1995. 1 synonym for Galeras: Pasto. Discussion Small volcanic eruptions of the type which oc- curred at Galeras occur without leaving any geologi- cal record, but they have devastating effects on people located at close range of the vent. Since then, more than 550 earthquakes have already hit the same area. Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and volcanic blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists.These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Galeras, a 4,276 m high andesitic stratovolcano, has a cone that rises 150 m above the floor of the summit caldera. Narino Department, Colombia Picture: Night view of the Galeras Volcano - Check out Tripadvisor members' 17 candid photos and videos of Narino Department Typical seismogram of a local earthquake occurred in the Galeras volcano and analyzed in this work. 400,000 inhabitants), is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. Type: Stratovolcano: Last eruption: 2005: Galeras (Urcunina among the indigenous people) is a volcano in Colombia, near the city of Pasto. It has erupted many times since the Spanish conquest. 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what type of volcano is galeras 2020


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Kelly Challenges For Wbo Intercontinental Crown On Fury-Parker Show
Hennessy Sports - August 25, 2017
Manchester star Jimmy 'Kilrain' Kelly will contest for the Vacant WBO Intercontinental Super-Welterweight Championship on a massive night of boxing at the Manchester Arena headlined by Hughie Fury's challenge for the WBO World Heavyweight title against Joe Parker.
Kelly will feature as chief-support on an action-packed card that includes the British Bantamweight Championship showdown between Josh Wale and Don Broadhurst, a cracking British Lightweight Title Eliminator between Joe Murray and Matty Fagan.
The hugely popular Wythenshawe fighter faces hard Bulgarian Stiliyan Kostov over 12-rounds as he looks to reclaim the WBO Intercontinental title to get back into world title contention following his loss in his first attempt to the then WBO World Champion Liam Smith back in December 2015.
A former WBC Youth Champion, Kelly is on an unbeaten 6-fight run since the loss to Smith and a victory over big-hitting Kostov – who's won 16 out 21 wins by KO – will put him back in pole position for a world title shot.
"It's one of the biggest fight nights in British boxing this year and I'm thrilled in a title fight as chief support to Hughie's challenge for the WBO World title," Said Kelly.
"We're both Manchester lads and trained in the same club as amateurs so I aim to make it a double on the night with him winning the world title and me capturing the WBO European belt,"
"Winning the title will get me into a great position in the WBO rankings and give me a clearer path towards my second shot at the world title which I believe that I'm ready for again,"
"I'm still only 24 and I've learnt plenty since the loss to Smith, it's been hard work getting myself back up to this position, but I've gone six fights unbeaten since and I'm hungrier than ever to get back into world title contention,"
"Kostov can be a dangerous fighter, he can whack a bit and I know that I've got to keep on my game and watch that sharp right hand of his. Whilst Kostov has pushed Brian Rose the eight-round distance last year, I'll be looking to make a strong statement by taking him out before the end."
Tickets for Parker v Fury are priced at £40, £60, £100, £150, £200, £300 and VIP £600 are available from www.eventim.co.uk
Previous boxing news: Opening Ceremony gets 2017 AIBA World Championships underway after Official Draw reveals line-ups for the 243 boxers going for glory in Hamburg
Next boxing news: Huck ready to entertain against Usyk in Berlin on September 9
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The Junior League of Austin would like to thank the following 2017-2018 donors for their generous support of our charitable work in the community. With every dollar raised for community programs, the League triples its impact when combined with the commitment of our trained volunteers.
Click here to see a list of our prior supporters.


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10 October 20226min read
NFL: Raiders vs Jaguars - Hall of Fame Game Predictions
A weekend celebrating NFL history and the greats of the game, with an early look at the re-loaded Raiders and future superstar Trevor Lawrence, now with offensive dangermen at his disposal.
Raiders vs Jaguars Recommended Bets:
Raider/Jaguars UNDER 30.5 total points, -110 at Caesars
Jaguars Moneyline vs. Raiders, +125 at Caesars
Hall of Fame Game: Are you ready for some football?
After six long months, NFL football is back! On Thursday, August 4, at 8 pm Eastern Time (coverage starts at 7 pm on NBC and Peacock), the Raiders vs Jaguars bring competitive football back to our lives with the Hall of Fame Game!
The Las Vegas Raiders and Jacksonville Jaguars square off in the NFL's annual curtain-raiser, the Hall of Fame Game. As is tradition, the contest will take place in Canton, Ohio (home of the Pro Football Hall of Fame) and kick off a weekend of games culminating in the Saturday afternoon induction of the latest group of greats into the Hall. This year includes the 1970s-80s Raiders star receiver Cliff Branch and the first-ever Jags inductee, former offensive tackle Tony Boselli.
The Raiders are participating in their fourth Hall of Fame (first since 2006), while the Jags are making their second-ever appearance in the preseason showcase and the first since their inaugural 1995 season. While the game likely won't be packed with the intensity we expect from midseason NFL football; this showcase will deliver a first glimpse (for a bit, at least) at the teams' new draftees and free agent signees.
-2.5 (-110)
O30.5 (-110)
+2.5 (-110)
U30.5 (-110)
Odds from Caesars - August 2, 2022.
Raiders are looking to launch an aerial attack in 2022
It's tough to think of many teams that have endured as much upheaval and tragedy as the 2021 Raiders, never mind any that did so with relative success.
In case you've somehow forgotten, October saw Jon Gruden resign as head coach after disturbing emails were discovered from years past. Less than a month later, wide receiver Henry Ruggs III killed a young woman in a drunken hit-and-run accident that cost him his NFL career. Days later, 2020 first-round pick Damon Arnette was let go after a video of him brandishing a gun and making threats went viral.
In the face of all that, under interim head coach Richie Bisaccia and led on-field by quarterback Derek Carr and defensive end Maxx Crosby, the Raiders displayed incredible resilience. They won their last four regular-season games, held the eventual AFC champion Bengals to two touchdowns on six red zone trips, and nearly pulled off a fourth-quarter comeback on the road in the Wild Card round.
The Raiders have since extended the contracts of Carr and Crosby. Still, they have otherwise undergone more changes, hiring Josh McDaniels as head coach and pulling off a blockbuster deal for superstar receiver (and Carr's college teammate), Davante Adams. The duo, tight end Darren Waller and receiver Hunter Renfrow are the foundation of a potentially lethal passing attack.
We'll likely see Carr, Adams, and Renfrow for a couple of drives on Thursday, though excitement around this group is probably better saved for September. That said, there's a fascinating situation to watch at running back, where incumbent starter Josh Jacobs, Ameer Abdullah, Austin Walter, and fourth-round draft pick Zamir White (who's earned praise in training camp) could make up a deep and versatile group.
The Adams deal cost the team its prime 2022 draft capital, so additional reinforcements had to come via free agency – namely, in the form of future Hall of Fame pass rusher Chandler Jones – and the trade market – edge rusher Yannick Ngakoue was sent to the Colts, in exchange for fourth-year cornerback Rock Ya-Sin.
Thanks to long-term injuries (pass rusher Kyler Fackrell, tackles Bilal Nichols and Johnathan Hankins, cornerback Trayvon Mullen) and shorter-term ones (Jones, fellow pass rusher Clelin Ferrell, several cornerbacks, including Sin), plus a limited workload for Crosby, the Raiders will look thin on the D-line and in the secondary on Thursday.
Trevor Lawrence is ready to leave His nightmare rookie season behind
Despite all that went on last season in Vegas with Gruden, from a coaching perspective, the Jaguars may still have had a worse campaign in 2021. Legendary college coach Urban Meyer, who signed a massive contract last offseason, was an embarrassment off the field and created a hostile environment within the facility, all while showing no aptitude for preparing a team to compete at the NFL level.
With Meyer gone, second-year QB (and 2021 #1 overall pick) Trevor Lawrence is free to really begin his NFL career under noted quarterbacks coach Doug Pederson. As a rookie, Lawrence had to deal not only with Meyer's myriad failings but also received little support from the skill players around him. Running back James Robinson and receivers Marvin Jones and Laviska Shenault Jr. are solid pros, but they're not the foundation of a top-tier offense.
This year, all three are back, along with 2021 first-round pick, running back Travis Etienne (who lost his entire rookie season to injury), and a massive free agent class of receivers Christian Kirk and ex-Raider Zay Jones, tight end Evan Engram, and Pro Bowl offensive guard Brandon Scherff. Lawrence should be far better equipped to succeed in 2022.
On the other side of the ball, 2022's #1 overall pick, raw but massively talented University of Georgia defensive end Travon Walker, and fellow first-rounder, Utah linebacker Devin Lloyd, will be the most exciting newcomers to watch.
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Given the number of new faces on offense and the need to get Lawrence familiar with Pederson's system and get him quality reps against live competition, we should see a good bit of the Jags' first-string offense. The potential of those new faces (and the holdovers), to say nothing of Lawrence's awesome upside against a severely shorthanded Raiders defense, should provide opportunities to put up points.
Meanwhile, the upgraded Raiders' passing attack will be eager to provide some flashes of its upside against a defense that ranked in the NFL's bottom tier a year ago and is working in many new faces.
Given all that, the likeliest outcome on Thursday night is a victory for the Jags (at +125) over the narrowly-favored Raiders.
When factoring in that the average number of points scored in the last 10 Hall Of Games is 29.3, backing the under 30.5 line at -110 looks like a lock.
Who are you backing in the Raiders vs. Jaguars? Interested in more NFL content? Read our guide: How to bet on NFL, and visit our odds comparison tool to compare the latest odds.


Psalm 91:2 I will say to the LORD, "You are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust."
Then you will say to the LORD, "You are my fortress, my place of safety; you are my God, and I trust you."
can say to him, "You are my defender and protector. You are my God; in you I trust."
will say to the LORD, "You are my refuge, my fortress, and my God in whom I trust!"
I will say of the LORD, "He is my refuge and my fortress; my God, in whom I trust."
I will say to the LORD, "[You are] my refuge and my fortress, my God in whom I trust."
I will say of the LORD, He is my hope and my fortress: my God; in him will I secure myself.
He shall say to the Lord, Thou art my helper and my refuge: my God; I will hope in him.
I say of Jehovah, My refuge and my fortress; my God, I will confide in him.
I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress; my God, in whom I trust.
I will say of Yahweh, "He is my refuge and my fortress; my God, in whom I trust."
You sinners frustrate the plans of the oppressed, yet the LORD is their shelter.
But the LORD has been my stronghold, and my God is my rock of refuge.
Verse 2. - I will say of the Lord. The general sentiment is followed by a personal application. "I, at any rate," says the first speaker, "will place myself under this powerful protection." He is my Refuge and my Fortress (comp. Psalm 18:2; Psalm 144:2). My God; in him will I trust (comp. Psalm 29:2; Psalm 31:6; Psalm 55:23; Psalm 56:3; Psalm 61:4, etc.).


For Bryan Morseman, racing isn't just about his love of the sport, he also runs to pay medical costs for his son who was born with an uncommon developmental congenital disorder. He recently won three marathons in the space of eight days, successfully scoring around £3,880 to put towards medical care for his son.
Morseman, 29, has won 23 of the 42 marathons he's run since his race back in 2008 but his accomplishments have taken a new meaning now that expensive medical care is needed for his child. His son, 9-month-old Leeim, has spina bifida.
Spina bifida develops while still in the womb, when a baby's spinal column does not form property. If untreated, it could lead to brain damage, the loss of being able to use one's legs and other health problems. Leeim, a premature baby, spent several weeks at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
"It was an eye-opening and eye-watering experience," Morseman said of his time in Philadelphia.
The family returned to Bath last summer and looks forward each day.
Leeim undergoes physical therapy three times each week, but Morseman said it remains unclear whether his son will ever be able to walk.
"Every time I'm in a race I think of him and how my pain is nothing compared to what he has gone through," said Morseman, who works full time for World Kitchen Inc. in Corning.
On March 14, Morseman won the Montgomery Marathon in Alabama, with a time of 2:24:40 and about 31/2 minutes ahead of the second-place finisher. The following morning, Morseman said he ran the Tobacco Road Marathon in Cary, North Carolina, since the race was on the way home to New York, he said.
One week later, on March 22, the family traveled to Virginia Beach where Morseman ran his fastest marathon of the week at the Yuengling Shamrock Marathon. Morseman won his third marathon in eight days with a time of 2:24:10.
And, he said, for the first time in his distance running career, he ran a marathon with negative splits, which means he ran the second half of the course faster than his first 13.1 miles.
And, he said, all three wins were incredibly emotional. And with the three wins under his belt, Morseman earned $5,750.
Morseman was 23 when he ran his first marathon — the Wineglass Marathon in Corning — in October 2008 several months after he graduated from college. He was the second person to cross the finish line, in 2:27:45. Morseman went on to win his hometown race two other times (in 2011 and 2014) and plans to run it again this fall, he said.
Though it's the lone marathon on his fall racing schedule, Morseman said he expects something else will come up.
Unlike most endurance athletes, Morseman does not train with a coach or toward one or two marathons per year. His racing calendar varies, but has included as many as 11 marathons in 12 months during his post-college running career, he said.
Although many marathons around the globe are on his bucket list, Morseman has limited himself to domestic races.
Morseman credits his family and employer for supporting his quest. He trains during his lunch break and late at night after his sons are asleep. His wife often follows in a vehicle when he hits the road for long distances.


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01494 _446965
Infologue.com
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Home » News Room » Infologue.com Top 30 UK Companies in the Regulated Security Sector 2017
Infologue.com Top 30 UK Companies in the Regulated Security Sector 2017
2017 has been dominated by the sale of NOONAN to Bidvest, the South African services, trading and distribution giant writes Interconnective's Bobby Logue. This can only be viewed as a positive acquisition, which will allow NOONAN to continue to flourish as a market leader within the private security industry.
John O'Donoghue – Group CEO of NOONAN
NOONAN was initially set up in 1977 to provide cleaning services to the public and private sectors in Ireland. By 2001, the reputable organisation had established a security division in order to satisfy the demands within this particular sector. Having made previous acquisitions within Ireland, NOONAN entered the U.K market in 2004 with the purchase of Footprint Contract Cleaning Company. NOONAN have gone on to further establish themselves within the security industry through the acquisition of Federal Security in 2009, the Resource Group in 2014 and Ultimate Security in 2017.
Flagship Idea
In terms of further developments within our industry, 2017 saw the announcement of Cordant Group's plan to become a social enterprise. In an exciting move, Cordant Group, which currently employs over 150,000 colleagues in total, announced plans to reinvest the majority of its profits into social programmes across education, employment, and healthcare. Concerns have been raised regarding the level of entry and lack of career progression within our industry, however Cordant's plan appears to be a flagship idea which can only be beneficial for the private security industry in the future.
Infologue.com Top 30 UK Companies in the Regulated Security Sector
Turning to the Infologue.com Top 30 for 2017, we believe that the estimated turnover of the regulated security sector is £3.8 Billion. The Top 30 security businesses make up 82.5% of the regulated security services market. The Infologue.com Top 30 mirrors the regulated private security sector, which includes companies operating within the following security disciplines: Guarding, Cash and Valuables in Transit, Close Protection, Door Supervision, Public Space Surveillance (CCTV), Security Guarding and Key Holding. Please read our health warning below our Top 30 Table.
Rank Company Name 2017 Turnover Est Market Share
1 G4S Plc £760,000,000 20.00%
2 Mitie Total Security Management £260,000,000 6.84%
3 Securitas Security Services Ltd £250,000,000 6.58%
4 Vision Security Group Ltd (VSG)(Compass) £196,000,000 5.16%
5 Interserve Plc (First Security (Guards) & Knightsbridge) £135,000,000 3.55%
5 Noonan (Shield, Ultimate Security) £135,000,000 3.55%
7 OCS Group UK Ltd £130,000,000 3.42%
8 Loomis UK Ltd £122,000,000 3.21%
9 Cordant Security £101,000,000 2.66%
10 ICTS UK Ltd £100,000,000 2.63%
11 TSS (Total Security Services) £98,000,000 2.58%
12 Kingdom Security Ltd £85,000,000 2.24%
13 Wilson James Ltd £83,000,000 2.18%
14 Corps Security Ltd £80,000,000 2.11%
15 ISS Facility Services Limited £75,000,000 1.97%
16 Axis Security Ltd £69,000,000 1.82%
17 Sodexo £56,000,000 1.47%
18 Profile Security Services Ltd £49,000,000 1.29%
19 CIS Security Ltd £47,000,000 1.24%
20 SecuriGroup £35,000,000 0.92%
21 Carlisle Security £32,000,000 0.84%
21 Cardinal Security Limited £32,000,000 0.84%
23 Ward Security Limited £31,000,000 0.82%
24 Guarding UK £30,000,000 0.79%
25 STM Group Ltd £28,000,000 0.74%
26 Servest Ltd £27,000,000 0.71%
27 Lodge Service Ltd £25,000,000 0.66%
28 Man Commercial Protection Limited £24,000,000 0.63%
29 Churchill Services Ltd £19,500,000 0.51%
30 Interr Security £15,000,000 0.39%
30 Incentive Lynx Security £15,000,000 0.39%
Estimated Turnover of Top 31 £3,144,500,000 82.75%
Est. Turnover of UK Regulated Security Industry £3,800,000,000 100.00%
The above table is based on estimates and historical published data of annual turnover and should be viewed only as a guide to the approximate size of the largest companies in the manned security industry. The turnover is calculated on an annualised basis as of end November 2017 and relates only to revenue derived from the regulated sector of the Private Security Industry. Some companies have non-related areas of business in their statutory accounts which Infologue.com attempts to estimate and factor out of the estimated turnover. Whilst some companies are now providing information on turnover to Infologue.com, all figures will not be accurate as statutory information can be up to two years out of date. Infologue.com welcomes input from the companies in the Infologue.com Top 30 and will amend any verified inaccuracies as soon as possible. Therefore these figures should be treated with caution and be regarded as a best guess. The Infologue.com Top 30 UK Companies in the Regulated Security Sector 2017 is an exclusive production of Infologue.com and may not be replicated without the express written permission of the producers thereof.
Infologue welcomes input from companies within the Infologue.com Top 30 and will amend any inaccuracies as soon as practically possible.
In order to be fair and reasonable, we have set a cut off period of 30 days for addition/corrections of 30 days from publication. The final decision on any amendments is strictly decided by the publisher.
Bobby Logue of Interconnective Ltd
Infologue.com wishes its readers greetings of the season and a happy and prosperous 2018.
Bobby Logue
Cardinal Security Limited – Amended 22-12-2017
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The Authority carried out a planned mission to Norway from 26 to 30 October 2009 regarding the application of European Economic Area (EEA) legislation related to control of residues and contaminants in live animals and animal products, including controls on veterinary medicinal products.
The overall conclusion is that Norway has a National Residues Control Plan in place that has been reviewed and found to be, in general, in line with the main aims of the EEA legislation. The mission team was of the opinion that improvements have been made since the last mission of the Authority in 2006 including controls on the use of use of veterinary medicinal products by practicing veterinarians.
However some aspects of planning, implementation and analyses can still be improved. These mainly concern sample handling and sampling procedures, follow up of non-compliant samples of the dairies and the designation of National Reference Laboratories.
The Norwegian Food Safety Authority's reply to the draft report is annexed to the final report. For measures still outstanding, Norway is to notify the Authority of actions taken, within two months of receiving the final report.


Celebrity Ink Tattoo Studios are a world famous collection of tattoo studios that focus on providing the best work possible, by skilled artists who are clean, professional and offer competitive prices. This Australian-owned brand is just about the best tattoo shop there is, and started its life in Phuket, Thailand. Now with branches in Chiang Mai and other Southeast Asian locations, Celebrity Ink is coming home to Australia, opening their first studios in Southport and Surfers Paradise.
When you first visit a Celebrity Ink Tattoo studio, you will notice how dedicated to cleanliness the staff are. We expect all our visitors to sanitise their hands with alcohol gel and remove their shoes. Our artists are always wearing high-grade tattoo gloves to prevent any contamination for both artist and customer, along with a range of cleaning products and plastic wraps for all beds, guns and equipment. Celebrity Ink take the upmost care to make sure that every tattoo artist follows strict operating protocols and provide a clean and sterile environment for every customer.
It is time for us to come home and bring Celebrity Ink back to Australia, with a store opening soon in Southport. Watch this space for more information and start planning that next tattoo with Celebrity Ink.


100% Brick Oven (cheese placed in the dough & the sauce).
Sauce, garlic, oregano, olive oil, parmesan cheese.
Broccoli, sun-dried tomatoes, mushrooms, and special cheeses.
Pepperoni, sausage, steak, mushrooms, green peppers, onions, anchovies.
Eggplant, roasted peppers, spinach, mushrooms, plum tomatoes, garlic.
Fresh mozzarella cheese, plum tomatoes, fresh basil, sea salt, cracked pepper, balsamic drizzle reduction & olive oil.
Fresh mixed greens, mushrooms, red onions, cucumbers, green peppers, croutons, eggs.
House salad with eggplant parmigiana and chicken cheese steak topped with American cheese.
Grilled chicken, spinach olio, grilled broccoli, mushrooms, oregano, sauteed red onions, and homemade roasted peppers with or without mozzarella cheese.
House salad with London broil and white cheddar cheese, and broccoli melt.
Turkey, bacon, tomato, hard-boiled egg, provolone cheese, and creamy Italian dressing.
Almost a hoagie without the bread.
With feta or gorgonzola cheese and balsamic vinaigrette dressing.
See it for yourself! Comes with artistic dressing.
Romaine and iceberg lettuce, red pepper, hard boiled egg, bacon, Russian dressing.
Bruschetta, red onions, kalamata olives, carrots, blue cheese crumbles, balsamic vinaigrette dressing.
Iceberg lettuce, black olives, red onions, shrimp, and crabmeat.
Prepared and cooked on premise.
Served on a special south Philly roll.
Sopressata, prosciutto, aged provolone cheese, spring mix, tomatoes, olive oil, vinegar dressing.
Old fashioned American meal served on best roll in town.
Marinated or with mayo, red onions, many lettuce, and tomatoes.
Aged provolone cheese, prosciutto and roasted peppers.
Steak or chicken. Whats in it? It's self-explanatory!
Grilled turkey breast with asparagus roasted peppers and topped with gobs of Swiss cheese melted.
Roasted eggplant, rpasted peppers, spinach olio, feta cheese.
Green peppers, mushrooms, sauce, onions.
Mozzarella, American cheese, provolone, sauce.
Cooked to order; served with garlic bread; 1/2 hour preparation time required for pasta dishes.
In a gorgonzola cream sauce.
White wine, butter, lemon, garlic.
Made right here; recipe from Palermo, Italy.
Beans, pasta eggplant, broccoli, spinach, garlic in lite tomato sauce.
Broccoli rabe, sausage, baked with mozzarella cheese.
Fresh basil, olive oil, plum tomatoes, black olives.
Cheese dumpling served with lite tomato sauce.
Bolognese sauce or veal osso buco.
Fried in the pan, baked in the oven with California tomatoes, and provolone cheese.
All entrees served with garlic bread: long hots available.
Capers, kalamata olives, with San Marzano tomatoes.
In a bechamel champagne sauce with crabmeat.
French style. Stuffed with crabmeat in white wine with linguine.
Lobster, shrimp, mussels, clams & crabmeat with linguine.
Pan fried chicken, baked in the oven with tomatoes and provolone; served with rigatoni.
Broccoli, carrots, onions, and mushroom with linguine.
Prepared with peppers, onions, and mushrooms in tomato sauce; served with rigatoni.
Grilled salmon, spinach olio, grilled broccoli, roasted peppers, romaine lettuce and cherry tomatoes.
French style in a marsala wine sauce, on a bed of spinach olio and prosciutto; served with rigatoni.
Grilled salmon and shrimp, broccoli rabe and garlic.


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Leadpoint Celebrates Modern Recycling in Texas
PHOENIX (April 30, 2019) – Modern recycling came to Texas, this month in a new, 77,000 square foot recycling center and Leadpoint was there for the celebration. The facility uses highly-advanced technology like optical sorters, anti-wrap fiber screens and other innovative techniques to sort and process 350 tons of recycled material daily.
But it still takes people to do make the sorting process work. That's where Leadpoint comes in.
Leadpoint has 25 sorters on the first shift at the Plano site and is working with the plant managers to staff a second shift. "Our expertise in recycling is invaluable to customers in Texas and elsewhere," said Frank Ramirez, Leadpoint CEO and president. "Not only do our high-performance work teams ensure smooth operation of these sophisticated sorting machines, but they also do the fine, hand-sorting that's necessary to produce a contamination-free end product. And that clean result is what gives recyclers a competitive edge on the open market."
Diana Ramirez, Leadpoint's executive vice president and owner, was also present for the opening of the new Texas site. She was impressed with the recycling operation and also with the public education center attached to the plant. "People have misconceptions about recycling. It can be confusing," she said. "The education center teaches children and families more than how and what to recycle. It shows how recycling has an impact on our planet and our future.
"The education center is also valuable for Leadpoint's employees," she said. "It helps explain why they're doing what they're doing, and how their job is about more than just separating product. That insight makes their work more meaningful, which improves employee motivation, retention and loyalty."
Leadpoint's Onsite Manager Collette Martinez joined Frank and Diana at the Texas opening, along with the plant's executive team, local business leaders, dignitaries and elected officials.
Visit leadpointusa.com or call 888-205-1511 to learn more.
About Leadpoint
Since 2000, Leadpoint has helped recycling companies make better decisions about how to maximize their workforce and improve the productivity, efficiency and profitability of their operation. Leadpoint's high-performance work team model embeds full-time employees and onsite managers who work with site owners and managers to achieve a common goal: consistent production, cost containment and high-quality, profitable output. Based in Phoenix, the company takes the chaos out of MRF operations and optimizes performance for recycling organizations nationwide.
Category: Company News April 30, 2019
Tags: MRFsPlanoRecyclingTexas


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Q: Loop through different controls on a user form and read/write the value VBA I would like to somehow get the value from the different controls on the user form and then write them on the sheet after that if the user form is closed down and re opened if a name is selected in the combobox then load all data in the form back ready to change values. I have 13 rows that a user can use on the user form.

In my code the writing the data to the sheet will write all item selected i want but it takes too long because all of the loops and ifs. Is there a better way to achieve what i want?
    Private Sub FillingInForm()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim WS As Worksheet

    Dim ctl As MSForms.Control
    Dim lbl As MSForms.Label
    Dim cmb As MSForms.ComboBox
    Dim txtbox As MSForms.TextBox
    Dim optbtn As MSForms.OptionButton

    Set WS = ActiveSheet

With WS

    For i = 1 To ItemsListFrame.Controls.Count
        For Each ctl In ItemsListFrame.Controls
            If TypeName(ctl) = "Label" Then
                If ctl.Tag = "GroupItem" & i Then
                    Set lbl = ctl
                    If Controls("Item" & i).Value <> vbNullString Then
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 0).Value = Me.OrderNo.Value
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 1).Value = Me.NextCollectionDate.Text
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 1).Value = Format(.Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 1).Value, "dd/mm/yyyy")
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 8).Value = Me.DateReturnBy.Value
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 8).Value = Format(.Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 8).Value, "dd/mm/yyyy")
                        Controls("OrderLbl" & i).Enabled = True
                    End If
                End If

            ElseIf TypeName(ctl) = "ComboBox" Then
                If ctl.Tag = "GroupItem" & i Then
                    Set cmb = ctl
                    If Controls("Item" & i).Value <> vbNullString Then
                        Controls("Item" & i).Enabled = True
                    End If
                    If Controls("Item" & i).Value <> vbNullString Then
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 2).Value = Controls("Item" & i).Text
                    End If
                End If

            ElseIf TypeName(ctl) = "TextBox" Then
                If ctl.Tag = "GroupItem" & i Then
                    Set txtbox = ctl
                    If Controls("Item" & i).Value <> vbNullString Then
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 3).Value = Controls("Qty" & i).Value
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 4).Value = Controls("UnitPrice" & i).Value
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 5).Value = Controls("SubTotal" & i).Value
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 7).Value = Controls("Comments" & i).Value
                        Controls("Qty" & i).Enabled = True
                        Controls("UnitPrice" & i).Enabled = True
                        Controls("SubTotal" & i).Enabled = True
                        Controls("Comments" & i).Enabled = True
                    End If
                End If
            ElseIf TypeName(ctl) = "OptionButton" Then
                If ctl.Tag = "GroupItem" & i Or ctl.Tag = "InOut" & i Then
                    Set optbtn = ctl
                    If Controls("Item" & i).Value <> vbNullString Then
                        .Range("A" & i + 6).Offset(0, 6).Value = Controls("OptionOut" & i).Value
                        Controls("OptionIn" & i).Enabled = True
                        Controls("OptionOut" & i).Enabled = True
                    End If
                End If
            End If
        Next ctl
      Next i
End With

End Sub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


SEMI DETACHED BUNGALOW WITH GARAGE IN DIEPPE! Centrally located off Dieppe blvd, this home is within easy access and walking distance to many services including aquatic center, grocery store, coffee shop, golf course and more. The main level features front living room that flows into the quality built kitchen featuring center island which overlooks the dining area. Garden door leads you to the back deck. The spacious master bedroom features two closets and large window. The well appointed second bedroom, full bathroom and laundry closet complete this level. The lower level adds additional living space with HUGE family room, full bathroom, storage room and option for a third legal bedroom. This quality built home by Perfection Homes features ceramic and hardwood floors throughout the main level, MINI-SPLIT HEAT PUMP, paved and landscaped. Call to view!
I would like more information about 123 Mathias, Dieppe, New Brunswick, E1A9H7.


Image Title: Decoration Outdoor Entrance Door Mats Oversized Welcome Mat In Plan 16. Post Title: Oversized Door Mats. Filename: decoration-outdoor-entrance-door-mats-oversized-welcome-mat-in-plan-16.jpg. Image Dimension: 805 x 805 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Chaim Koss. Uploaded Date: Friday - October 12th. 2018 04:04:29 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: homedit.com. Oversized Door Mats Outdoor Essereitaliani Info Inside Prepare 1. Decoration Outdoor Entrance Door Mats Oversized Welcome Mat In Plan 16. Large Front Door Mats Excellent Inspiration Ideas Throughout Oversized Designs 14. Personalized Oversized Door Mat Family Is Forever With Monogram Regard To Mats Decor 2. Oversized Door Mats Within Decor 7. Oversized Door Mats Outdoor Entrance Welcome Mat Black Rubber With Decor 11. Waterhog Slip Resistant Mats Oversized Doormat Regarding Door Remodel 13. What Can A Wide Door Mat Bring To Public Facility Inside Oversized Mats Ideas 4. Oversized Fern Waterhog Doormat 33 X 58 Made In The USA More Within Door Mats Decor 5. Door Mats For Sale Entry Oversized Pertaining To Plan 0.