Have been craving for Thai Food ever since i came back from Bangkok, so we gathered our Penang Gang in KL for a simple Thai dinner a couple of months back. Our initial plan was Rama V but since most of us were at Pavilion, instead of switching venue we might as well dine in Pavilion. Save fuel for eco-friendly! Haha. No we were just lazy to drive around.
Natasha went to Pavilion in the afternoon, she suggested all of us to dine at Celadon located at the 6th floor also the dining hall on top of Pavilion Shopping Center. We thought it was a simple Thai food, until the moment we stepped into the restaurant! The name itself has says it all, Celadon Royal Thai Cuisine! Don't you think it sounds so exclusive with the Royal along?! Lol. We were first welcome by the friendly Thai waiter, surprisingly they spoke very well English but with Thai Slang, much better than local Thai's in Bangkok. Lol Then they lead us to our VIP room. Yes we got a VIP room since we have more than 10 pax. In fact the VIP room is quite small, all it provides was a closed up session for us, Good or bad we have them both at the same time. After all, guess one can call it as Thai Fine Dining, or rather posh modern place with white and classy interior!
Celadon Royal Thai Cuisine Keeping traditions alive at Celadon Royal Thai Restaurant, indulge in this space filled with ancient Thai artifacts, complimented with true Thai cuisine, brilliantly prepared by experienced Thai chefs. Try the popular Green Curry, Tom Yam and other Thai specialties.
White and classy design with transparent Chair, Contemporary interior indeed!
The first impression on the menu was good enough for us to pick it among the many classy restaurants. As well as the price for every dish is way pricey compare to those typical Thai Restaurant. However the portion of each dish was way to small for big amount sharing. We somehow ordered the same dishes twice just to make sure all of us get to try on each and every dish.
Celadon Tom Yam Seafood flavoured with lime, lemon grass, chilli and hot basil leaves They do serve variety of Thai Tom Yam, whether you want it to be spicy, sweet or sour. White Tom Yam is kinda famous in Celadon.
Pad thai, also known as Thai Char Koay Teow It comes with Sweet and sour taste! My time favorite.
There it goes the bomb of the night, The Steamed Seabass!! Look at those red and green chillies, It was so spicy!! But definitely a MUST TRY!!
While waiting for our desert to be served, we chit-chat after our heavy meal and took some pictures at the mean time.
Coconut Ice Cream for some of us!
Mango Sticky Rice with Vanilla Ice cream <3 Something i have been craving and waited for the whole night. Satisfied!
After dinner, we went for second round, our mighty drinking session at Weissbrau. The night was beyond fun with lots of laughter. I miss everyone in Penang! Can't wait to go back to Penang for my Raya Holiday.
First picture with Jero and the second was with my bubu boy.


text:
Maple Ridge/Pitt Meadows Community Services
The MRPMCS website was not on a content management system (CMS) and the content was poorly formatted as a result. The client was also dissatisfied with the user experience component of their site, namely the graphical elements and user interface. The MRPMCS wanted to showcase its role in the communities of Maple Ridge and Pitt Meadows by making the website more user friendly and accomodating to all of its visitors.
Our solution was to setup their website using the open source Drupal CMS – a robust and widely used platform. The popularity of Drupal and supported third party applications ensured that the MRPMCS could continue to format and configure their site as they grew to add a host of interactive community social media tools to promote their community initiatives. Smartt also provided them with multiple mockups with varying color palettes to help the MRPMCS showcase their vibrant role in the community.
An easy to use, accessible website with simple navigations and soft colors. An easily maintainable website that can be edited by any member of the MRPMCS staff and modified in the future to keep up with new development concepts and tools.
The Gaming Stadium
The Gaming Stadium, a first of its kind esports Stadium in Canada, is located in Richmond, British Columbia.
Mink Chocolates
Mink Chocolates is boutique chocolatier specializing in small batch artisan chocolate bars and bonbons.
Columbia College's new branding includes a website with great content, integration with social media, support for mobile devices, and easy content management.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hyrule is about to get down. Cadence of Hyrule - Crypt of the NecroDancer Featuring The Legend of Zelda (what a mouthful) is heading to the Nintendo Switch this spring. It's a top-down 2D roguelike that infuses the universe of The Legend of Zelda into the rhythmic world of beloved 2015 indie game Crypt of the NecroDancer.
Cadence of Hyrule stars Link and Zelda, rather than Cadence, the protagonist of Crypt of the NecroDancer. The game plays just like Crypt of the NecroDancer, forcing players to keep the beat while they battle through beastly dungeons. But, this time around, everything is set in Hyrule, and Link and Zelda are out for booty-shaking blood.
The game is randomly generated and it features items from The Legend of Zelda, plus spells and weapons from Crypt of the NecroDancer. Best of all, Cadence of Hyrule has 25 remixed, chiptuney songs from the Zelda series.


text:
Parliamentary elections were held in Bolivia in May 1918 to elect half the seats of the Chamber Deputies and one-third of the Senate.

Results

Elected members
The new senators were:
Juan María Zalles, PL (La Paz)
Felipe Peredo, PL (Santa Cruz)
Adolfo Trigo Achá, PL (Tarija)
Ismael Arteaga, PL (Beni)
Néstor Suárez, PL (Beni)
Clodoveo Urioste, PL (Chuquisaca)

References

Elections in Bolivia
Bolivia
Legislative election
May 1918 events
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Reese v. NPSG Global, LLC
DEVONTE' REESE, Plaintiffs,
NPSG GLOBAL, LLC, Defendants.
Presently before the court is plaintiff DeVonte' Reese's ("plaintiff") motion for conditional certification and approval of Hoffman-Laroche notice pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 216(b). (ECF No. 52). Defendant NPSG Global, LLC ("defendant") filed a response (ECF No. 59), to which plaintiff replied (ECF No. 60).
The instant action arises from defendant allegedly misclassifying certain employees as either 1099 independent contractors or salaried exempt employees. (ECF No. 52 at 5). As a result, the misclassified employees were (1) denied overtime pay and (2) paid less than minimum wage as required by the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA") and Nevada law. Id.
In April 2015, defendant hired plaintiff as a "tier III laborer."[1] Id. at 7. Defendant paid plaintiff $200 per day for up to twelve hours of work and $25 per hour thereafter. Id. However, plaintiff alleges that "[d]efendant frequently failed to pay [p]laintiff at the contracted rate of $25.00 per hour for hours Plaintiff worked in excess of 12 in a day, despite this being a regular occurrence." Id. at 8. Plaintiff avers that defendant improperly characterized him and the other laborers as 1099 independent contractors instead of hourly non-exempt employees. Id.
In January 2016, defendant promoted plaintiff to "site lead" and reclassified him as a salaried W-2 employee. Id. At most, plaintiff was paid an annual salary of $55, 000, and he was not paid for any overtime hours that he worked. Id. at 8-9. Plaintiff alleges that "[d]efendant has misclassified all other site leads it employs as salaried exempt employees, thereby unlawfully depriving them of overtime pay." Id. at 9.
Defendant promoted plaintiff to "project manager" in January 2017, and increased his salary to $75, 000. Id. "Plaintiff was still considered a salaried exempt employee during the entirety of his time as a project manager with Defendant, and he was never paid overtime pay despite routinely working significantly more than 40 hours in a workweek." Id. at 10.
Plaintiff alleges that his job duties did not change substantially over this time, despite the promotions. Id. at 7-9. As a result, plaintiff's job duties predominantly entailed manual labor regardless of his job title. Id. Plaintiff further alleges that he raised concerns and lodged grievances with his wrongful classification as a salaried employee several times. (ECF No. 1 at 6). Each time, defendant responded that there was no issue with his wages, status, pay, or hours. Id.
Plaintiff then filed the instant case alleging six causes of action: (1) failure to pay wages in violation of the FLSA, (2) failure to pay overtime wages in violation of the FLSA, (3) failure to pay minimum wages in violation of the Nevada Constitution, (4) failure to pay wages for all hours worked in violation of Nevada law, (5) failure to pay overtime wages in violation of Nevada law, and (6) failure to pay all wages due and owing upon termination in violation of Nevada law.
Plaintiff now moves to certify all exempt-classified project managers and site leads as a class for the purposes of his FLSA claims.[2]
Under the FLSA, an employee may initiate a collective action on behalf of himself or herself and other similarly situated people. 29 U.S.C. § 216(b). Although the FLSA does not define the term "collective action, " the Ninth Circuit held that a collective action is "an action brought by an employee or employees for and on behalf of himself or themselves and other employees similarly situated." Gray v. Swanney-McDonald, Inc., 436 F.2d 652, 655 (9th Cir. 1971) (quoting H. R. Rep. No. 326, 80th Cong., 1st Sess. at 14) (internal quotations omitted).
The FLSA does not require certification for collective actions; however, "certification in a § 216(b) collective action is an effective case management tool, allowing the court to control the notice procedure, the definition of a class, the cutoff date for opting-in, and the orderly joinder of parties." Edwards v. City of Long Beach, 467 F.Supp.2d 986, 989 (C.D. Cal. 2006). "Whether to permit a collective action under the FLSA is within the court's discretion, and neither the Supreme Court nor the Ninth Circuit has defined 'similarly situated.'" Dualan v. Jacob Transp. Servs. LLC, 172 F.Supp.3d 1138, 1144 (D. Nev. 2016) (footnote citation omitted).
Courts in this circuit address certification for collective actions in two stages. See, e.g., Dualan, 172 F.Supp.3d 1138; Lewis v. Nevada Prop. 1, LLC, No. 2:12-CV-01564-MMD, 2013 WL 237098 (D. Nev. Jan. 22, 2013); Davis v. Westgate Planet Hollywood Las Vegas, LLC, No. 208-CV-00722-RCJ-PAL, 2009 WL 102735 (D. Nev. Jan. 12, 2009). "[T]he court must first decide, based primarily on the pleadings and any affidavits submitted by the parties, whether the potential class should be given notice of the action." Leuthold v. Destination Am., 224 F.R.D. 462, 467 (N.D. Cal. 2004) (citations omitted). The second stage occurs "[o]nce discovery is complete and the case is ready to be tried, [when] the party opposing class certification may move to decertify the class." Id.
         III. ...


Caponigri, Aloysius Robert. Modern Catholic Thinkers: An Anthology. New York, Harper and Row, 1965-66. 2 v. LC 65-9086.
Selections from contemporary Catholic writers on God, man, the Church, politics, history, culture and religion. The choice of authors is excellent, but there are no indexes. References to sources are supplied.


What is net sales revenue? Net sales revenue refers to a company's total sales revenue in a given fiscal period after subtracting certain items. These items include returns, allowances, and discounts. Net sales revenue is in contrast to gross sales revenue. Gross sales revenue is not adjusted for returns, allowances, and discounts. The revenue shown in the top line of a company's income statement is net sales revenue. Net sales revenue is also called net revenue, net sales, or the top line.
Companies earn revenues by delivering goods and rendering services to customers. Call the total amount of all revenues generated by a company in a given fiscal period the gross sales revenue. Gross revenue, however, is not always the most accurate representation of a company's sales. Oftentimes customers will return damaged goods, receive a discount from the typical selling price, or demand a refund for some other reason. The revenues depicted on a company's income statement would be more accurate if it took these items into consideration. And in fact, that is how we get to net sales revenue.
Net sales revenue is simply gross sales revenue less returns, allowances, and discounts. These deductions from gross sales revenue are called contra-revenue accounts, because they are subtracted from the sales figure. While sales and revenue accounts are increased by credits and decreased by debits, contra-revenue accounts are increased by debits and decreased by credits. Also, refer to contra-revenue accounts as contra sales accounts.
Sales returns refer to products that were sold and delivered to customers and then subsequently returned by the customer because of a lack of satisfaction with the product for one reason or another. When an unsatisfied customer returns a product, the company must give the customer his or her money back. Account for this refund in the company's revenues; include the sum of all actual or anticipated refunds in the net sales revenue figure.
Sales allowances refer to refunds provided after-sale to customers because of damage to the products, missing products, or minor defects in the products. These issues cause the customer to be dissatisfied with the product. Because of these inadvertent flaws in the product and in order to retain the customer's business, the company may provide refunds for sales allowances. You must then subtract the amount of the sales allowances from gross sales revenue to yield net sales revenue.
Sales discounts refer to reductions in sales prices to customers based on discounts, such as 2/10 net 30 credit terms. Such terms are designed to motivate customers to pay invoices sooner rather than later. Selling companies then offer discounts to customers who are willing to make early payments. Then subtract these discounts from gross sales revenue to yield the net sales revenue figure.
If you want to find out more about how you could utilize your unit economics to add more value to your organization, then click here to download the Know Your Economics Worksheet.
Are You Collecting the Data You Need to Run Your Business?


If you've been living under a rock for the past couple of weeks, then you may not have heard of a new smartphone game called Pokemon GO that was released in the US, and more recently in Europe and Japan.
Pokemon GO was not a very highly anticipated game. Nintendo talked about it recently as part of a large video game expo, but the details released left gamers feeling like the game would be mediocre at best.
That's why it came as a great surprise to Niantic, the company that Nintendo and the Pokemon Company partnered with to make the game, when Pokemon GO had more active users than Twitter within only a few days of release. It hit the market like a lightning strike. The servers have had a very difficult time keeping up with demand, a happy problem for a relatively unknown company like Niantic, and for Nintendo, a company that has struggled over the past few years to release any real hits on the same level as the Wii.
Let me explain the mechanics of the game. You walk around and catch Pokemon. As you catch Pokemon your character levels up and you have the opportunity to battle gyms. In the game, you are part of one of three teams, and if you defeat the gym, your team takes the gym as its territory, king-of-the-hill style.
I haven't really had a chance to play the game much myself just yet, but that's the basic gist of the game. It's a simple concept that you might not expect to explode in popularity. However, the devil is in the details. For one, Pokemon is a beloved series that my generation grew up with. Even though we're now in our late 20's and early 30's, we still play and love Pokemon games. Pokemon is still one of Nintendo's highest selling franchises, and even their executives have noticed that sales demographics show that young players have followed the series as they grew into adulthood.
Another detail is that the game uses Google Maps information to fill the world of Pokemon GO. As you walk around the real world, your avatar moves as well using GPS information. Certain real-life locations are designated as areas for receiving items or for being gyms, which means people will be encouraged to gather in those locations. Pokemon are also generated using Google Map information. Pokemon begin life in the cloud, which means that ALL players, if they are at a certain location, can see the same Pokemon. In other words, there is a certain scarcity of Pokemon. If a player catches the Pokemon on their smartphone, then other players can't catch it or see it anymore. The fact that other players can see and interact with the same Pokemon means that players can indirectly affect each other's experience within the game world.
All these factors, along with some items that also have similar influences on the game world, make Pokemon GO a highly social game. Players meet up in groups and play together, sometimes in very large groups. In my own experience walking around Saga today, I've seen couples, groups of friends, and even father's with their children walking together while talking and playing Pokemon GO.
Gyms are rarer locations compared to the special item or Pokemon locations, so they have a special influence on the game, as well as the real world. Of course, players want their team to capture and hold a gym, so they will go to the gym to make sure their team maintains control. In the US, churches are often designated as gyms.
However, more importantly, businesses are sometimes chosen as gym locations as well. In fact, being a gym has been very good for businesses in the US, to such an extant that those businesses have made kiosks, flags, special items, etc. to offer to Pokemon GO players. A couple of days ago, there was a leak on Japan's largest online discussion forum that revealed that all McDonald's restaurants in Japan would be designated as gyms. Because of the leak, there was even greater anticipation for the release of the game, and therefore Niantic felt that they had to delay the release a couple of days to prepare servers to keep up with demand.
Pokemon GO is probably the most social video game released in history. Its release has both social and economic implications both on players and non-players alike. Even if you're not a gamer, if you are a business owner/manager, knowing how to take advantage of the game can contribute greatly to your business. Companies can, just like McDonald's has, become sponsored gyms as a marketing tool to attract customers. The game drains battery power very quickly, so many people buy battery packs for their phones. Some people even share battery packs with other players. Strangers meet up and walk around with each other to play the game. Some people have joked that Pokemon GO is has done more for the health of young people—by encouraging them to walk more—than Michelle Obama has done with all of her health initiatives over the years.
The release of Pokemon GO is truly a unique occurrence in gaming history and will be studied by video game companies in the future. It bodes well for Nintendo, since they are planning to release a new gaming "platform" next year that will include some sort of ambiguous "quality of life" element. It's already given a significant bump in Nintendo's stock price (it doubled in a week). The real test for Pokemon GO will be if they can maintain the momentum—active users—while continuing to release updates in the future. The game currently only has a fraction of the Pokemon that exist in the Pokemon universe, so there are almost certainly going to be more Pokemon added in the future. Whether new gameplay elements will be added is another question, but if the active user base remains high, then I'm certain that Niantic and Nintendo will add more gameplay elements to the game.


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text:
Q: Independence of premise, right to left When one aims to prove in classical logic that
$\alpha \rightarrow \exists x \beta(x) \vdash \exists x (\alpha \rightarrow \beta(x))$
does one need to ask $x$ not to occur free in $\alpha$? It seems to me that this request is unnecessary (of course, being required to prove the converse). Am I wrong?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
01. 5 Volcanoes Which Could Erupt in 2022; Jan 1, 2022
03. The Geologic Oddity in Oklahoma; Jan 3, 2022
04. Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption Update; Jan 4, 2022
05. La Palma Volcano Update; Jan 5, 2022
06. The Deadliest Volcanic Disaster which Hasn't Happened Yet Jan 6, 2022
07. New Explosive Eruption at Volcan Wolf Jan 7, 2022
08. The Supervolcano in Alaska; Beneath Mount Cleveland Jan 8, 2022
09. This Week in Volcanoes; 49 Volcanoes are Erupting, Jan 9, 2022
10. Volcan Wolf Eruption Update; Jan 10, 2022
11. The Volcano in Hawaii; Jan 11, 2022
12. The Active Volcano in the Caribbean; Jan 12, 2022
13. The Active Volcano in Hawaii; Jan 13, 2022
14. Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption Update; Jan 14, 2022
15. Hunga Tonga Volcano Jan 15, 2022
22. The Active Volcano in Tonga; Jan 22, 2022
24. The Active Volcano in Tonga; Niuafoʻo Jan 24, 2022
26. The Destroyed 16,000 Foot Tall Volcano in Arizona; Jan 26, 2022
27. The Flood Basalt Volcanoes of Iceland; Jan 27, 2022
28. The Recent Megaeruption in Greece; Jan 28, 2022
31. Taal Volcano Eruption Update; Jan 31, 2022
32. Three Sisters Oregon Volcano Update; Feb 1, 2022
33. The Supervolcano in Australia; Feb 2, 2022
34. Taal Volcano Eruption Update; Feb 3, 2022
35. The Active Volcano in Canada; Feb 4, 2022
36. The Supervolcano in the United Kingdom; Feb 5, 2022
38. A New Volcano is Forming Feb 7, 2022
39. This Would Happen if a Super-Volcano Erupted Today Feb 8, 2022
40. The Missoula Megafloods Feb 9, 2022
41. The Recent Megaeruption in California; Feb 10, 2022
42. Campi Flegrei Supervolcano Feb 11, 2022
45. The Active Volcano in Canada; Feb 14, 2022
46. The Recent Volcanic Eruption in Taiwan Feb 15, 2022
47. Mount St Helens Volcano; Feb 16, 2022
48. The Recent Megaeruption in Washington; Feb 17, 2022
49. The Ancient Volcano in Texas; Pilot Knob Feb 18, 2022
50. The Supervolcano near the North Pole; Feb 19, 2022
52. Hunga Tonga Volcano; Feb 21, 2022
53. The Geologic Oddity in Arizona; The Grand Canyon; Feb 22, 2022
54. The Active Volcano in Idaho; Feb 23, 2022
55. The Supervolcano in Canada Feb 24, 2022
56. The Ancient Volcano in Ireland; Feb 25, 2022
57. Mount Ontake Volcano; Feb 26, 2022
59. Mount Aso Volcano Update; Feb 28, 2022
60. The Active Volcano in New Mexico; Mar 1, 2022
62. The Volcano Erupting for 870 Year; Mar 3, 2022
63. The World's Largest Volcanic – Apolaki Caldera; Mar 4, 2022
64. The Active Volcano in Iceland; Mar 5, 2022
66. The Destroyed 10,000 Foot Volcano in New Hampshire; Mar 7, 2022
67. Volcanoes to Erupt on the Opposite Side of the Planet; Mar 8, 2022
68. The Supervolcano in Indonesia; Mar 9, 2022
69. Merapi Volcano Eruption Update; Mar 10, 2022
70. The Supervolcano in Chile; La Pacana Mar 11, 2022
71. Kirishima Volcano Update; Mar 12, 2022
73. The Flood of Lava Which Covered Northern Canada; Mar 14, 2022
74. The Active Volcano in Indonesia; Mount Papandayan; Mar 15, 2022
75. The 5 Most Active Volcanoes on the Planet; Mar 16, 2022
76. The Largest Impact Crater on the Planet; Mar 17, 2022
77. The Ancient Volcano in New Mexico; Mar 18, 2022
78. Mount Hood Volcano Update; Mar 19, 2022
79. This Week in Volcano News; Mar 20, 2022
80. Azores Sao Jorge Volcano; Mar 21, 2022
81. Mount Ruapehu Volcano; Mar 22, 2022
82. The Impact Crater in Mexico; Mar 23, 2022
83. Azores Sao Jorge Volcano Update; Mar 24, 2022
84. The Active Volcano in the Azores; Mar 25, 2022
85. Taal Volcano Eruption Update; Mar 26, 2022
86. The Water Like Lava Which No Longer Erupts; Mar 26, 2022
88. Newberry Oregon Volcano; Mar 28, 2022
89. North Iwo Jima Volcano; Mar 29, 2022
91. Purace Volcano; Mar 31, 2022
92. The Impact Crater in Alaska; Avak Crater; Apr 1, 2022
93. The Volcano Which Erupts Solid Gold; Mount Erebus; Apr 2, 2022
95. The Tall Volcano in Oregon; Mount McLoughlin; Apr 4, 2022
96. The Active Volcano in Alaska; Fisher Caldera; Apr 5, 2022
97. The Impact Crater in Idaho & Montana; Beaverhead Crater; Apr 6, 2022
98. The Active Volcano in Japan; Oshima-Oshima; Apr 7, 2022
99. The Supervolcano in Argentina; Cerro Galan; Apr 8, 2022
100. The Supervolcano in Hong Kong; Apr 9, 2022
101. This Week in Volcanoes; Apr 10, 2022
102. Kilauea in 2018; Apr 11, 2022
103. The Recent Megaeruption in Yellowstone; Apr 12, 2022
104. The Impact Crater in Algeria; Tin Bider; Apr 13, 2022
105. Mount Edgecumbe Alaska Volcano; Apr 14, 2022
106. The World's Most Valuable Volcanoes; Apr 15, 2022
107. The Formerly 12,000 Foot Volcano in New Mexico; Apr 16, 2022
109. Ruang Volcano Update; Apr 18, 2022
110. Antarctic Volcano; Apr 19, 2022
111. The Impact Crater in Estonia; Apr 20, 2022
112. The Volcano that Split into 3 Distant Pieces; Apr 21, 2022
113. The Geologic Oddity in Arizona; Apr 22, 2022
114. Hunga Tonga Volcano Update; Apr 23, 2022
116. Krakatoa Volcano Eruption Update; Apr 25, 2022
117. The Geologic Oddity in the Deep Ocean; Apr 26, 2022
118. The Impact Crater in Australia; Apr 27, 2022
119. Mount Edgecumbe Volcano Update; Apr 28, 2022
120. The Ice Age Bonneville Megaflood; Apr 29, 2022
121. Yellowstone Explosion Crater; Apr 30, 2022
122. This Week in Volcanoes; May 1, 2022
123. Ancient Volcanic Activity Created Emeralds; May 2, 2022
124. Hannegan Peak; May 3, 2022
125. The Impact Crater Eltanin Crater; May 4, 2022
126. The Active Volcano in Alaska; Aniakchak; May 5, 2022
127. The Geologic Oddity in Washington; May 6, 2022
128. Arizona; Cerro Hueco; May 7, 2022
130. The Recent Megaeruption in Indonesia; Lake Maninjau; May 9, 2022
131. Mount Awu Volcano Update; May 10, 2022
132. Mount Cleveland Volcano Update; May 11, 2022
133. The Newly Discovered Impact Crater in China; May 12, 2022
134. Gila River in Arizona; May 13, 2022
135. The Recent Megaeruption in Indonesia; May 14, 2022
136. This Week in Volcanoes; May 15, 2022
137. Iceland Reykjanes Volcano Update; May 16, 2022
138. The Active Volcano in Russia; Koryaksky; May 17, 2022
140. The Comet Impact; May 19, 2022
141. The Active Volcano in Turkey; May 20, 2022
142. A Volcano in Alaska is Overdue for an Eruption; May 21, 2022
144. Taupo Supervolcano Update; May 23, 2022
145. Series of Cliffs in New York; May 24, 2022
146. Hunga Tonga Volcano Update; May 25, 2022
147. The Active Volcano Filled with Sharks; Kavachi; May 26, 2022
148. Volcanic Eruption on Mars; May 27, 2022
149. Puyehue Cordón Caulle in Chile; May 28, 2022
151. The Active Volcano in Alaska; May 30, 2022
152 . Bezymianny Volcano; May 31, 2022
153. The Impact Crater in Namibia; Jun 1, 2022
154. Dempo Volcano Eruption Update; Jun 2, 2022
155. Yakedake Volcano Update; Jun 3, 2022
156. The Active Volcano in Antarctica; Jun 4, 2022
157. Bulusan Volcano Eruption Update; Jun 5, 2022
158. This Week in Volcanoes; Jun 6, 2022
159. Chiles Cerro Negro Volcano Update; Jun 7, 2022
160. The Impact Crater in Australia; Jun 8, 2022
161. The Active Volcano in Iceland; Jun 9, 2022
162. The Active Volcano in Papua New Guinea; Jun 10, 2022
163. Hunga Tonga Volcano Update; Jun 11, 2022
164. This Week in Volcanoes; Jun 12, 2022
165. Bulusan Volcano Eruption Update; Jun 13, 2022
166. The Active Volcano in Alaska; Jun 14, 2022
167. The Impact Crater in Australia; Jun 15, 2022
168. The Tsunami Danger at Mount Stromboli; Jun 16, 2022
169. Volcanoes and Aircraft; Jun 17, 2022
170. Craters Forming in Yellowstone; Jun 18, 2022
173. The Geologic Oddity in the Philippines; Jun 21, 2022
174. The Ancient Volcano in Mississippi; Jun 22, 2022
175. Ambrym Volcano Update; Jun 23, 2022
176. The Geologic Oddity in Russia; Jun 24, 2022
177. The Geologic Oddity in Australia; Jun 25, 2022
179. The Active Volcano in Mexico; Jun 27, 2022
180. The Active Volcano in Germany; Jun 28, 2022
181. The Recent Megaeruption in Indonesia; Jun 29, 2022
182. The Active Volcano in Canada; Jun 30, 2022
183. The Active Volcano in the Caribbean; Jul 1, 2022
184. Buried by 1,700 Feet of Water; Jul 2, 2022
185. This Week in Volcanoes; Jul 3, 2022
186. The Active Volcano in Alaska; Jul 4, 2022
187. The Active Volcano in Greece; Jul 5, 2022
188. The Active Volcano in the Azores; Jul 6, 2022
189. New York; Eternal Flame Falls; Jul 7, 2022
190. The Potentially Active Volcano in Australia; Jul 8, 2022
191. The Active Volcano in New Zealand; Jul 9, 2022
192. This Week in Volcanoes; Jul 10, 2022
193. Tsurumidake Japan Volcano Update; Jul 11, 2022
194. The Active Volcano in Alaska; Jul 12, 2022
195. The Active Volcano in Papua New Guinea; Jul 13, 2022
196. The Active Volcano in Russia; Jul 14, 2022
198. The Volcanic Mystery in Lesotho; Jul 16, 2022
200. The Volcano in Eastern Arizona; Jul 18, 2022
201. The Active Volcano in Canada; Jul 19, 2022
203. The Rarest Type of Volcano; Jul 21, 2022
204. The Mystery Mounds at Mount Shasta; Jul 22, 2022
205. The Destroyed 19,000 Foot Volcano in Tanzania; Jul 23, 2022
207. Sakurajima Volcano Eruption Update; Jul 24, 2022
208. Loihi Hawaii Volcano Update; Jul 25, 2022
209. The Massive Tsunami that Hit the British Isles; Jul 26, 2022
210. The Geologic Oddity in California; Jul 27, 2022
211. Chiles Cerro Negro Volcano Update; Jul 28, 2022
212. Raung Volcano Update; Jul 29, 2022
213. Buried by 100 Feet of Mud 20 Miles Away; Jul 30, 2022
215. Iceland Volcano Update; Aug 1, 2022
216. Azores Terceira Volcano Update; Aug 2, 2022
217. Iceland Volcano Eruption Update; Aug 3, 2022
220. Volcanic Eruption Created a Tornado; Aug 6, 2022
221. This Week in Volcanoes; Aug 7, 2022
223. Volcano & the Air Temperature is 170F; Aug 8, 2022
224. The Active Volcano in Eritrea; Aug 9, 2022
225. The Active Volcano in Mexico; Aug 10, 2022
226. Iceland Volcano Eruption Update; Aug 11, 2022
227. Live Eruption Report at Meradalir; Aug 11, 2022
228. The Geologic Oddity in New Mexico; Aug 13, 2022
230. This Week in Volcanoes; Aug 14, 2022
231. American Samoa Volcano Update; Aug 15, 2022
234. Hunga Tonga Volcano Update; Aug 17, 2022
235. The Recent Megaeruptions in Oregon; Aug 18, 2022
240. Mayon Volcano Update; Aug 23, 2022
241. Alaska Semisopochnoi Volcano; Aug 24, 2022
242. Karthala Volcano; Aug 25, 2022
243. The Active Volcano in Iceland; Aug 26, 2022
244. Hunga Tonga Volcano; Aug 27, 2022
247. The Markagunt Megaslide; Aug 30, 2022
248. The Geologic Oddity in Arizona; Aug 31, 2022
249. When a Volcano Creates Golden Lava; Sep 1, 2022
250. The Types of Volcanic Eruptions; Sep 2, 2022
251. The Alaskan Megatsunami; Sep 3, 2022
252. This Week in Volcanoes; Sep 4, 2022
253. Gold Discovered at Iceland's Volcano; Sep 5, 2022
254. Volcano in the United Kingdom; Sep 6, 2022
255. The Last Kimberlite forming Eruption; Sep 7, 2022
256. White Island Volcano Update; Sep 8, 2022
257. Piton de la Fournaise Volcano Update; Sep 9, 2022
258. The Time When Wildfires were Impossible; Sep 10, 2022
259. Geldingadalir's Main Cone; Sep 10, 2022
260. This Week in Volcanoes; Sep 11, 2022
261. A Year Later, Geldingadalir's; Sep 11, 2022
262. Officially a New Volcano in Iceland!; Sep 12, 2022
263. American Samoa Volcano Update; Sep 13, 2022
264. Home Reef Volcano Eruption Update; Sep 14, 2022
265. Trident Volcano Update; Sep 15, 2022
266. The Ground is Rising at 17 Volcanoes; Sep 16, 2022
267. More Frequent Volcanic Eruption; Sep 17, 2022
268. Geldingadalir's Eruption in Iceland; Sep 17, 2022
270. Piton de la Fournaise Volcano; Sep 19, 2022
271. Taupo Supervolcano Update; Sep 20, 2022
272. The Active Volcano in Alaska; Dana; Sep 21, 2022
273. Megatsunami in Alaska; Sep 22, 2022
274. Lava Tornadoes; Sep 23, 2022
275. Home Reef Volcano; Sep 24, 2022
277. Iriomoteshima Volcano; Sep 26, 2022
278. The Geologic Oddity in Antarctica; Sep 27, 2022
279. The Cape Verde Megatsunami; Sep 28, 2022
280. Discovered Impact Crater; Sep 29, 2022
282. Kimberlite Eruptions; Oct 1, 2022
283. This Week in Volcanoes; Oct 2, 2022
284. The Laguna Caldera in the Philippines; Oct 3, 2022
285. Macquarie Island; Oct 4, 2022
286. The World's Most Explosive Volcanoes; Oct 5, 2022
287. The Geologic Oddity in Oregon; Oct 6, 2022
288. Mauna Loa Volcano Update; Oct 7, 2022
289. Mayon Volcano Update; Oct 8, 2022
291. Age of Volcanoes; Oct 10, 2022
292. Stromboli Volcano Update; Oct 11, 2022
293. Grimsvotn Volcano Update; Oct 12, 2022
294. Bulusan Volcano Update; Oct 13, 2022
295. Savonoski Crater; Oct 14, 2022
296. Mauna Loa Volcano Update; Oct 15, 2022
297. This Week in Volcanoes; Oct 16, 2022
298. The Active Volcano Iliamna; Oct 17, 2022
299. Iceland Katla & Eldey Volcano; Oct 18, 2022
300. Eruption Clusters; Oct 19, 2022
301. Tsunami Generated by Volcanic Eruption; Oct 20, 2022
302. Diamonds; Avachinsky; Oct 21, 2022
303. Volcano in Alaska; Veniaminof; Oct 22, 2022
305. Iceland Volcano Update; Oct 24, 2022
306. Geologic Mystery; Oct 25, 2022
307. The Banks Peninsula; Oct 26, 2022
308. Littoral Explosions; Oct 27, 2022
309. The Greenland Tsunami; Oct 28, 2022
310. Volcano in Alaska; Kaguyak; Oct 29, 2022
311. Semeru Volcano Update; Oct 30, 2022
313. Tallest Volcano; Chimborazo; Nov 1, 2022
314. Mount Lamington; Nov 2, 2022
315. Active Volcano in Eritrea; Dubbi; Nov 3, 2022
316. Volcano in Alaska; Fourpeaked; Nov 4, 2022
317. Clear Lake Volcano in California; Nov 5, 2022
318. This Week in Volcanoes; Nov 6, 2022
319. Mauna Loa Volcano Update; Nov 7, 2022
320. Soda Lakes Volcano in Nevada; Nov 8, 2022
321. Mount Churchill Volcano; Nov 9, 2022
322. Volcano Axial Seamount; Nov 10, 2022
323. Volcano Waiowa; Nov 11, 2022
324. The Emmons Lake Caldera; Nov 12, 2022
325. This Week in Volcanoes; Nov 13, 2022
326. Volcanoes Hayrick Butte & Hogg Rock; Nov 14, 2022
327. The Floating Mountains; Nov 15, 2022
328. Ahyi Seamount; Nov 16, 2022
329. Types of Lava at Volcanoes; Nov 17, 2022
330. San Miguel Volcano; Nov 18, 2022
331. Ambae Volcano; Nov 19, 2022
333. Takawangha Volcano; Nov 21, 2022
334. Shiveluch & Klyuchevskoy Volcanoes; Nov 22, 2022
335. Hunga Tonga Volcano Update; Nov 23, 2022
336. Volcanoes at Risk of Being Destroyed; Nov 24, 2022
337. Iceland Katla Volcano; Nov 25, 2022
338. Megaeruptions in Argentina; Nov 26, 2022
340. Mauna Loa Volcano Eruption Update; Nov 28, 2022
343. Mauna Loa Volcano Eruption Update; Dec 1, 2022
344. Cotopaxi Volcano Update; Dec 1, 2022
346. Taupo Supervolcano Update; Dec 2, 2022
347. Mauna Loa Volcano Update; Dec 3, 2022
348. Semeru Volcano Eruption Update; Dec 4, 2022
349. This Week in Volcanoes; Dec 5, 2022
350. Mauna Loa Eruption Update; Dec 6, 2022
352. Mauna Loa Eruption Volcano Update; Dec 8, 2022
354. The Geologic Oddity in Iceland; Dec 10, 2022
355. This Week in Volcanoes; Dec 11, 2022
356. Lascar Volcano Eruption Update; Dec 12, 2022
357. The Active Volcano in Idaho, Wapi Lava Field; Dec 13, 2022
358. The Active Volcano in Idaho; Hell's Half Acre; Dec 14, 2022
359. The Geologic Oddity in Chile; Dec 15, 2022
360. Kilauea & Mauna Loa Stopped Erupting; Dec 16, 2022
361. The Silver Creek Caldera; Dec 17, 2022
363. Mysterious Crater Mauna Kea Volcano; Dec 20, 2022
364. Flat Topped Volcanoes; Tuyas; Dec 21, 2022
365. Californina Magnitude 6.4 Earthquake; Dec 22, 2022
366. Types of Lava Flows; 'A'ā, Pāhoehoe; Dec 23, 2022
367. Trees of Lava Created by Volcanoes; Dec 24, 2022
369. Active, Dormant, & Extinct Volcanoes; Dec 27, 2022
370. 5 Volcanoes Which Could Erupt in 2023; Dec 28, 2022
371. Is the Yellowstone Supervolcano About to Erupt?; Dec 29, 2022
372. Megaeruptions in Tenerife; Dec 30, 2022
373. Volcanic Eruptions of 2022; Dec 31, 2022


Coaches With No MLB Playing Experience Are Autographs Worth Collecting; Hope Is Coming!
coach was a HOF storyteller!
This week, baseball address king Harvey Meiselman posted some hopeful news on http://www.sportscollectors.net/.
Harvey is listening to collector wishes. He noted more than one request for including coaches in next year's Baseball Address List.
Aren't all coaches? Only those with at least a game of major league playing experience. A former player who found a second career coaching will be still be listed in the main section. He's continued to recognize these men in the List by noting their playing debut dates.
Harvey is talking about having a supplemental section as part of the list just for these coaches without a day of MLB playing time. He cited Cincinnati's Mark Berry as an example.
Harvey estimated that he'd need to invest 70-100 hours of labor to find all the living coaches from this unique category of baseball history. Think Mike Quade, before he became Cubs manager.
I learned what rich sources of history these forgotten men are when I wrote Remember When: A Nostalgic Look at America's National Pastime (Metrobooks, 1996). I tracked down career minor leaguer Albert Linder Vincent, who joined the Detroit coaching staff in 1943.
Vincent wrote me a multi-page letter telling about his career. In 1938, as a Texas League manager, he had his batters wear football helmets for 5 innings (years before the majors adopted batting helmets). Baltimore's use of an oversized catching mitt to handle future Hall of Fame knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm? It wasn't manager Paul Richards with this brainstorm, but Vincent.
The partial list of players he coached in the minors is impressive: Dizzy Trout, Virgil Trucks, Hal Newhouser, Fred Hutchinson, Wally Post, Joe Adcock, Alex Grammas, Joe Nuxhall. Future managers Danny Ozark and Mayo Smith played for Vincent.
Vincent added, "You would have to ask them if they were aided by my efforts." Seeing the many winning teams he led, I know the answer.
He died in 2000. I want to give all the Al Vincents credit. I want to write to them all. Please, Harvey. Help us find them, while there's still time to save these stories.


This image is of part of the Amazon River in South America, the largest watershed (also known as a river basin or a drainage basin) in the world. Watersheds are areas of land where all of the water in them or on them drains to the same place. They provide fresh drinking water to countless land animals (including humans!) while sustaining ecosystems and individual habitats. Most watersheds drain to the ocean; those that do not are called endorheic basins and can be found in Central Asia, North Africa, central Australia, and the western United States. As the world's population and industrialization have increased, water pollution has increased accordingly. And because watersheds drain to the same point, pollution in one area of a watershed can quickly spread to all areas downstream, including the ocean. Maintaining watershed health is therefore a critical part of ensuring water quality.
This image is of the Amazon River watershed.
August is National Water Quality Month. Though there is more to overall water quality and availability, watersheds play a critical part in maintaining the cycle. Watersheds provide many vital ecological and hydrological functions, from providing critical habitat for many plant and animal species to collecting water from rainfall and snowmelt. If you are in the United States, use the Environmental Protection Agency's "Surf Your Watershed" tool to determine which watershed you live in and to learn more about it. Science NetLinks also has plenty of resources for learning about watersheds, water quality, and pollution. Take this month to educate yourself and others on the issues facing good water quality and watershed health.
You can use this image to help spark a discussion in your classroom about what watersheds are and the role they play in the water cycle. You also could use it to help engage your students in a citizen science project involving a watershed in your region.


NSW has managed to hold on to the number 1 spot on the HIA's Housing Scorecard this year despite a slight drop in score - but it may not stay there for long, amid a projected Australia-wide slowdown.
The annual HIA Housing Scorecard ranks the performance of the housing market in Australia's eight states and territories based on 14 key indicators.
This year, New South Wales remained in the lead with a score of 94, but HIA's Principal Economist, Tim Reardon, said Victoria, which came in second place with a score of 85, may quickly gain ground in the coming year.
"NSW may have retained top spot but with the slowdown in apartment construction predicted there is every reason to expect that Victoria, which has had fewer apartments in the pipeline and stronger population growth, may take over the top spot in 2018," he said.
The eastern states dominated the HIA Scorecard results, with both NSW and Victoria showing strong population growth, growing demand for affordable housing and rising house prices.
But while Victoria may be on its way up the ranks, the entire Australian housing market is in for a slowdown, according to Deloitte Access Economics latest business outlook report.
"The pace of home building is set to shrink further amid increasing evidence that gravity may soon start to catch up with stupidity in housing markets," Deloitte Access Economics partner Chris Richardson said in the report.
The report also predicted that the record low RBA cash rate of 1.50% may be around for a while, thanks to crushing levels of household debt. This debt, driven partly by borrowers taking on larger mortgages as house prices skyrocketed, puts the Reserve Bank in a tricky position when it comes to raising rates.
"People took on quite a lot of debt while rates were so low for so long. The RBA will be hesitant to rock the boat when household debt is so high," explained Mozo Data Manager, Peter Marshall.
If you're paying off a mortgage, make sure you prepare for a future rate rise now. That means crunching the numbers to see if your budget can handle higher monthly repayments, and comparing refinancing home loan offers so you can make the switch to the best deal around.


text:
The Americas | Colombia
Death or freedom
Rumours of Ingrid Betancourt's release
Apr 3rd 2008 | la libertad, guaviare
From asset to liability for the FARC
FOR more than six years Ingrid Betancourt, a Colombian politician who also has French nationality, has been held hostage by the FARC guerrillas. According to accounts by other hostages who have been freed, for much of that time she has been held in chains or tied to a tree, and is now in very poor health. Might her calvary be about to end?
So go the rumours in the south-eastern department of Guaviare, an area of cattle ranches, coca plantations and jungle where all but the largest towns have been under FARC control for decades. If the rumours are true, Ms Betancourt is being held near places whose names must seem like a cruel taunt. She was sighted in late March near El Retorno ("The Return") by a local resident who gave this information to Manuel Mancera, the parish priest of nearby La Libertad ("Freedom"). She is said to have been treated at a rudimentary health centre in El Capricho ("The Caprice"). Mr Mancera says that she was reportedly "very weak and in the last stage of depression", weeping when trying to talk. Some local officials suggested that she might be on hunger strike.
Ms Betancourt is just one of several hundred hostages held by the FARC. But she is by far the most prominent one: a former senator and anti-corruption campaigner, she was running for president when she was seized by the FARC. She was a marginal candidate, but her captivity has made her a heroine and a cause célèbre in France. Oddly, many French people seemed to blame Colombia's government for her plight, pressing President Álvaro Uribe to agree to a prisoner swap on the FARC's unreasonable terms.
Last year 11 other politician-hostages were killed by the FARC in confused circumstances. At the instigation of Hugo Chávez, Venezuela's leftist president, this year six others were freed. Their harrowing accounts seem to have made the FARC's leaders realise that Ms Betancourt has become a political liability for them—especially were she to die in their hands. Hundreds of thousands of Colombians demonstrated against the FARC in February; they were likely to turn out in similar numbers on April 4th for a march demanding the release of all its hostages.
The rumours are being taken seriously by the governments of both Colombia and France. Mr Uribe promised that all the FARC's people held in government prisons would be released as soon as Ms Betancourt was freed (many promptly said they did not want to return to the jungle). Previous proposed prisoner releases included only those not convicted of murder, which in effect excluded mid-level cadres. Mr Uribe also offered a reward to any guerrillas who hand over hostages.
This week France's government sent a team of doctors to Guaviare to try to provide Ms Betancourt with medical treatment. Mr Uribe agreed to facilitate this by suspending military operations in the relevant area. In Paris, her son said his mother needed an urgent blood transfusion.
Last month the Colombian army killed Raúl Reyes, who had been the FARC's hostage negotiator. It was not clear whether the guerrillas will let the doctors see their most famous prisoner. Even if they do release her, they will still have in their clutches other trophy hostages—three more politicians, three American defence contractors and some 30 police and army officers—as well as hundreds of others kidnapped for ransom. Unfortunately for them and their families, they lack the international connections of Ms Betancourt.
This article appeared in the The Americas section of the print edition under the headline "Death or freedom"
The Americas April 5th 2008
Lie back and forget the maple leaf
A storm brews
Dilma and the goat
From the April 5th 2008 edition
More from The Americas
As Lula takes over, Brazil's economic prospects are looking up
But he still has his work cut out: inflation is high, and debt and poverty rates soaring
A trial in New York exposes US-Mexican counter-narcotics tensions
A former Mexican security minister is accused of abetting a drugs cartel
A new generation of Argentine musicians is topping the charts
Brands and adulterers take note


text:
Augusta looks to the future with $200m land grab
April 18th, 2019 / Kyle Evans
Hallowed turf like Augusta National doesn't come cheap…not that it ever stops the world's most exclusive golf club putting their hands in their pockets to keep it that way.
It has been revealed that the Augusta National Golf Club has spent something like $US200m buying more than 100 pieces of land, totalling about 270 acres (109 hectares) to further insulate their exclusive grounds.
Augusta National Golf Club (Credit: Google Earth)
Leading American media giant The Wall Street Journal did an analysis of property and tax assessor records and interviews with people familiar with the transactions.
And it seems the club has bought some properties up to a mile (1.6km) from the clubhouse. The club also bought some land from the adjoining Augusta Country Club in 2017.
Most people don't even realise there is a golf course next door but if you look hard on Amen Corner, you used to be able to see it through the trees behind the 13th tee.
Plans have now been revealed for Augusta National to build a tunnel near Gate 1 of the club, leading to a new state-of-the-art television and digital compound on the north side of Washington Road.
Augusta National chairman Fred Ridley announced details of the proposed Global Broadcast Village construction project at his State of the Masters address on the Wednesday before the Masters.
"With the much appreciated support of the city of Augusta and the state of Georgia, this summer we will begin a multi-year development of a portion of our property north of Washington Road," Ridley said.
"Site work already is underway, and in a matter of weeks, we will commence construction of a tunnel connecting an area near Gate 1 to new development on the north side of the road.
Ridley said the Global Broadcast Village would help Augusta National expand tournament services in the future.
"It will greatly improve the environment and services for those who help tell the story of the Masters," Ridley said.
"And through our ability to adapt and expand this facility, it will serve us well as we deliver quality content to our fans anywhere, any time."
Augusta National debuts new women's amateur event
Ridley named as new Augusta National Chairman
Masters hierarchy sticking with mobile phone ban
Scott's flagstick putting causes murmurs at Masters
Augusta defends not disqualifying Woods
Mirvac to sell off Gainsborough Greens to Halcyon
Billionaire Palmer buys Sea Temple
Norman in talks for new North Queensland course
Moonah Links sold off for $18.5 million
Burleigh eyes unpopular land sale to ensure future


text:
Combating all forms of malnutrition (UN News)
UN LAUNCHES WEB-BASED GUIDE TO HELP COMBAT ALL FORMS OF MALNUTRITION
New York, Aug 10 2011 9:05AM
The United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) today launched a web-based tool that gives governments and health-care providers access to clear guidance on how to scale up life-saving nutrition interventions to combat all forms of malnutrition.
The WHO e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA), launched at the beginning of a three-day Asian regional meeting on nutrition in Colombo, Sri Lanka, is designed to help governments overcome one of the major challenges in fighting malnutrition – the vast, and often conflicting, array of evidence and advice that exists on effective, preventive and therapeutic nutrition interventions.
The online eLENA project will prioritize and present the latest advice on tackling the three main forms of malnutrition – undernutrition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and overweight and obesity.
"Several billion people are affected by one or more types of malnutrition," said Ala Alwan, the WHO Assistant Director-General of Non Communicable Diseases and Mental Health.
"Countries need access to the science and evidence-informed guidance to reduce the needless death and suffering associated with malnutrition. eLENA can greatly improve how countries cope with the terrible health threats posed by malnutrition," he said.
The material in the e-library describes the effective health interventions needed to tackle malnutrition. Such measures include the appropriate treatment of severe acute malnutrition; promoting breastfeeding; and fortifying staple foods with vitamins and minerals such as iron and folic acid for wheat and maize flours.
It also recommends using multiple micronutrient powders to fortify foods for children aged between six and 23 months. To prevent anaemia, daily iron and folic supplements are advised for pregnant women, and intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation is recommended for menstruating women and pre-school and school-age children.
"To create eLENA, we have sifted through thousands of pages of scientific evidence and advice to prioritize, justify and better present the kinds of nutrition actions needed to prevent people succumbing to the many forms of malnutrition," said Francesco Branca, the WHO Director of Nutrition for Health and Development.
The tool is an important component of WHO's global drive to help countries prevent and control malnutrition. The agency is a major promoter of the "Scaling up Nutrition" movement, which involves multiple UN agencies and other key entities in the nutrition field.
The movement strives to help countries tackle malnutrition and ensure that the response includes the agriculture, health, social protection and the food security sectors.
The various forms of malnutrition include being underweight, the leading risk factor for many diseases in low-income countries and which represents about 6 per cent of the global disease burden. Childhood underweight, micronutrient deficiencies and poor breastfeeding combined cause 7 per cent of deaths – 3.9 million fatalities – and 10 per cent of the global disease burden.
Micronutrient deficiencies include iodine deficiency – which is the world's most prevalent, yet easily preventable – cause of brain damage, while anaemia, which affects 1.6 billion people, is mostly due to iron deficiency. It increases the risk of low-birth-weight and pregnancy anaemia, associated with 18 per cent of maternal deaths.
Vitamin A deficiency affects 190 million pre-school children across the world, while zinc deficiency, which can affect the immune system, kills 430,000 children annually.
An estimated 1.5 billion adults over age 20 are overweight or obese. Global estimates suggest that more than 40 million children under the age of five are already overweight or obese.
For more details go to UN News Centre at http://www.un.org/news
Follow us on Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/UN.News.Centre) and Twitter (http://twitter.com/UN_News_Centre)
Author Willem Van CotthemPosted on August 10, 2011 Categories food / food security, malnutrition, public health, Social dimensions
Previous Previous post: Two tactics to combat famine: immediate infusion of food and longer-term steps to spark an agricultural recovery (UN News)
Next Next post: Imagining An Africa That Can Feed The World (psfk / The Guardian)


Free Download Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) for PC with our tutorial at BrowserCam. Playmage. designed Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) game for the Google Android and then iOS but you can also install Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) on PC or MAC. You will discover few worthwhile steps listed below that you should follow before you begin to download Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) PC.
Immediately after the installer completely finish downloading, double-click on it to get started with the set up process.
While in the installation process mouse click on "Next" for the first couple of steps when you find the options on the screen.
If you see "Install" on the screen, just click on it to start the last install process and then click "Finish" immediately after its finally finished.
At this point, either using the windows start menu or alternatively desktop shortcut start BlueStacks App Player.
Just before you install Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) for pc, you need to connect BlueStacks Android emulator with Google account.
Next, you'll be taken to google play store page this allows you to search for Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) game using search bar and then install Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) for PC or Computer.
On a regular basis most android apps and games are deleted from the play store in the event they don't abide by Program Policies. In the event you do not get the Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) game in google play store you could still download the APK from this website and install the game. If you opt to download Andy emulator as an alternative to BlueStacks or you have to download free Final Chronicle (Fantasy RPG) for MAC, you can follow the same exact procedure.


Konica Minolta isn't in the habit of being in the news too much. In fact, seeing the lack of announcements from the Original Equipment Manufacturer, we wouldn't be all that surprised if the company actually likes to keep it that way. Still, an OEM as large and significant as Konica Minolta can't always be away from the spotlight. It has to come under the media scanner once in a while, especially since it is an OEM.
Our last post on Konica Minolta pertained to change in leadership. The one before that is probably the one most people would remember because it revolved around the swirling rumour that Konica Minolta will buy Lexmark. Unfortunately, that's exactly what that turned out to be i.e. a rumour. This post, however, is rooted in fact. We promise.
Konica Minolta has introduced a number of new colour and monochrome printer models falling in its much wonted Bizhub series. 12 new printer models have been launched within the Bizhub series with the majority of them being targeted at small to medium enterprises. These Bizhub series printer models include 165E, 185E, 206, 226, 227, 287, 367, C227, C368, C308, and C258. Along with these 11 Bizhub series printer models aimed at small to medium scale businesses, Konica Minolta has also announced the Bizhub PRO 1100 monochrome production printer aimed for larger businesses and service providers.
The typifying characteristics of the Bizhub series models aimed for SMEs is that they're small and compact. The output quality of these monochrome and colour laser printers is ensured through a combination of Simitri HD toner formulations and Konica Minolta's proprietary Emperon print technology. Furthermore, each of them boasts of single touch function buttons designed to make printing, scanning, faxing, and copying as easy as possible. Moreover, these printer models are mobile friendly and compatible with the most advanced wireless and cloud technologies of today.
The OEM specified that it has paid special attention to the design of its new Bizhub series printer models with emphasis on improving energy conservation, flexibility, and productivity. The design of the new Bizhub series models revolve around multi – touch functionality which is implemented through Konica Minolta's unique and award winning INFO Palette design.
The OEM has also ensured that the security concerns of its consumers are taken care of. It has done so by providing key security features Trusted Platform Module (TPM), biometric authentication, IC card authentication, and other forms of authentication. One of the most notable aspects of the new Bizhub series printer models is that more than half of their bodies are constructed out of recycled materials such as biomass plastic and PC or ABS.
The 12th Bizhub series printer model that the OEM has introduced is the Bizhub PRO 1100 monochrome production printer. The production printer of the Bizhub series is suitable for a wide array of applications owing to multiple features and capabilities. For instance, the effective output resolution of the PRO 1100 is 1200 x 1200 dots per inch (dpi) which is supplemented by customisable tone curve adjustments as well as a unique screening technology.
Media handling capabilities of the Bizhub PRO 1100 monochrome production printer are also exceptional. It can hold up to 9,000 sheets of paper spread across five cassettes. Moreover, the printer also boasts of a bypass tray MB – 507. This bypass tray is designed to handle both high volume print tasks (monthly duty cycle of 2.2 million) as well as print jobs that involve multiple media types. Finally, the PRO 1100 has an Open API interface designed to boost flexibility, a colour scanner, and a significantly fast print speed at 100 pages per minute (ppm).
All in ones and multifunction printers have traditionally been seen as devices fit for businesses, whether small, medium, or large scale. However, the technology for these devices has come to a point where they're now fairly common even amongst home users. In fact, OEMs have launched printer models specifically created for just such market segments. The latest of these is the Epson Expression Home XP 430 all in one printer that the OEM has dubbed "Small in One" to highlight its small size and multifunctional characteristics.
The Epson Expression Home XP 430 is a machine that is capable of printing, copying, and scanning from a very small footprint. Notably, the ultra-compact quality of this latest Epson printer model is possibly one of its biggest draws as this will allow this printer to become a staple for students especially if you consider the pricing. The Epson Expression Home XP 430 is one of the cheaper options out there particularly within the segment of all in ones.
This printer model is very much wireless enabled with Wi-Fi Direct feature which means that even wiring based problems can be done away with for students and small home owners. Needless to say, with this wireless capability comes mobile connectivity. This is another quality that must be very attractive to students. Surprisingly, despite the ultra-compact design, Epson has managed to incorporate a 68mm colour display screen into the design that allows menus to be accessed and functions to be manipulated.
The Epson Expression Home XP 430 produces smudge, water, and fade resistant prints on the back of the fact that the OEM designed this model to revolve around its Instant-Dry DURABrite Ink. The total paper capacity of this printer reflects its small nature as it is only capable of holding up to 100 sheets.


Welcome to BFM Glazing – the first name in glazing expertise throughout the North and beyond.
Our wealth of experience, service and accreditation, gives you a number of clear advantages, from the initial call, to our rapid turnaround times. Reliability, flexibility, trust, and exceptional levels of quality control and minimum disruption during fitting,all come as standard.
Whether the job in hand is large or small, maintaining standards, safeguarding quality and never losing sight of our traditional values is at the forefront of everything we do. As a result, we are able to offer a range of specialist and or bespoke glazing products that many clients have come to depend upon.
Quite simply, we refuse to compromise our standards of service. It is a steadfast philosophy that continues to build our reputation as a leading alternative glazing company and ensure your planned glazing requirements are in safe hands, time and time again.


text:
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int);
bool CreateMainWindow(HWND &, HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT WINAPI WinProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

// Game pointer
ThreeChances *game = NULL;
HWND hwnd = NULL;

//=============================================================================
// Starting point for a Windows application
//=============================================================================
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	// Enable debug console
	//AllocConsole();
	//freopen("CONIN$", "r", stdin);
	//freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
	//freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stderr);

	// Check for memory leak if debug build
	#if defined(DEBUG) | defined(_DEBUG)
		_CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF);
	#endif

	MSG msg;

	// Create the game, sets up message handler
	game = new ThreeChances;

	// Create the window
	if (!CreateMainWindow(hwnd, hInstance, nCmdShow))
		return 1;

	try {
		game->initialize(hwnd);     // throws GameError

		// main message loop
		int done = 0;
		while (!done) {
			if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
				// look for quit message
				if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
					done = 1;

				// decode and pass messages on to WinProc
				TranslateMessage(&msg);
				DispatchMessage(&msg);
			}
			else
				game->run(hwnd);    // run the game loop
		}
		SAFE_DELETE(game);     // free memory before exit
		return msg.wParam;
	}
	catch (const GameError &err) {
		game->deleteAll();
		DestroyWindow(hwnd);
		MessageBox(NULL, err.getMessage(), "Error", MB_OK);
	}
	catch (...) {
		game->deleteAll();
		DestroyWindow(hwnd);
		MessageBox(NULL, "Unknown error occured in game.", "Error", MB_OK);
	}

	//FreeConsole();
	SAFE_DELETE(game);     // free memory before exit
	return 0;
}

//=============================================================================
// window event callback function
//=============================================================================
LRESULT WINAPI WinProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
	return (game->messageHandler(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam));
}

//=============================================================================
// Create the window
// Returns: false on error
//=============================================================================
bool CreateMainWindow(HWND &hwnd, HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) {
	WNDCLASSEX wcx;

	// Fill in the window class structure with parameters
	// that describe the main window.
	wcx.cbSize = sizeof(wcx);				// size of structure
	wcx.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;    // redraw if size changes
	wcx.lpfnWndProc = WinProc;				// points to window procedure
	wcx.cbClsExtra = 0;						// no extra class memory
	wcx.cbWndExtra = 0;						// no extra window memory
	wcx.hInstance = hInstance;				// handle to instance
	wcx.hIcon = NULL;
	wcx.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);					// predefined arrow
	wcx.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);    // black background
	wcx.lpszMenuName = NULL;				// name of menu resource
	wcx.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;			// name of window class
	wcx.hIconSm = NULL;						// small class icon

	// Register the window class.
	// RegisterClassEx returns 0 on error.
	if (RegisterClassEx(&wcx) == 0)    // if error
		return false;

	//set up the screen in windowed or fullscreen mode?
	DWORD style;
	if (FULLSCREEN)
		style = WS_EX_TOPMOST | WS_VISIBLE | WS_POPUP;
	else
		style = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;

	// Create window
	hwnd = CreateWindow(
		CLASS_NAME,				// name of the window class
		GAME_TITLE,				// title bar text
		style,					// window style
		CW_USEDEFAULT,			// default horizontal position of window
		CW_USEDEFAULT,			// default vertical position of window
		GAME_WIDTH,				// width of window
		GAME_HEIGHT,			// height of the window
		(HWND)NULL,				// no parent window
		(HMENU)NULL,			// no menu
		hInstance,				// handle to application instance
		(LPVOID)NULL);			// no window parameters

	// if there was an error creating the window
	if (!hwnd)
		return false;

	if (!FULLSCREEN) {            // if window
		// Adjust window size so client area is GAME_WIDTH x GAME_HEIGHT
		RECT clientRect;
		GetClientRect(hwnd, &clientRect);   // get size of client area of window
		MoveWindow(hwnd,
			0,													// Left
			0,													// Top
			GAME_WIDTH + (GAME_WIDTH - clientRect.right),		// Right
			GAME_HEIGHT + (GAME_HEIGHT - clientRect.bottom),	// Bottom
			TRUE);												// Repaint the window
	}

	// Show the window
	ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);

	return true;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you move into your Springs Apartments home solo, there may come a time when you decide to take in a roommate. It could be to balance out your finances, or you might want the companionship of a friend or significant other. Streamline the process by making sure you have all your ducks in a row ahead of time.
A roommate shares all the same legal and financial obligations as you do regarding the apartment and also enjoys the same protections. In effect, a sublessee assumes your lease and is obligated to the landlord under all the terms to which you agreed. This includes them assuming the security deposit paid by you, and the apartment in its current condition. In other words, if you have damaged the apartment, they will be charged at the end of the lease.
Bear in mind that roommates are equally responsible for maintaining the terms of the lease. If your roommate causes damages or reneges on rent, you are independently liable under the "joint and several" legal rule.
Have your prospective roommate request a credit report so you can see if there is any adverse information regarding either general credit or tenancy history. If possible, they can then take action to rectify any blemishes. The property management company will also do a full background and credit screening, for which normal charges will apply.
Formal notification to the property management will be necessary in the case of a new roommate or a sublessee. In either case, new lease paperwork will have to be drawn up and the new residents will have to submit to a normal background check.
An additional resident on the premises can mean increased costs of living for items such as utilities. Make sure your new roommate has funds available to cover any extra costs that may be incurred immediately.
If you are taking on a new roommate, it is not a bad idea to protect yourself by putting an agreement in writing. Include how rent and utilities are split, guidelines for overnight guests, what happens if one wants to move out, and what process will be used to resolve disputes. You can add any other important issues as you see fit. If you are entering into a sublet agreement, it is a good idea to determine how you will handle the security deposit and the apartment condition before you hand over the keys. This is also a good time to talk about who pays for the lock to be changed, because the apartment community will not likely do this free of charge.
Our Springs Apartments team is happy to answer any questions you may have about your tenancy with us. Please feel free to call or stop by anytime!


Every home has a heating and cooling system, but not every home has efficient heating.
For example, are you tired of drafty rooms or windows and high energy costs every winter?
Efficient heating means home comfort, along with reasonable energy costs. Especially in the Northeast, cold temperatures can cause your HVAC system to run constantly during the winter. An added benefit of an efficient heating system in your home is a lower utility bill at the end of the month.
Winterization helps, but does not always create efficient heating. Fortunately, there are some other steps homeowners can take to help. From understanding the basics to insulation and air sealing, efficient heating is an achievable goal!
What is efficient heating in your home mean?
In order to create an efficient heating system, then it is important to understand the basic components and function of your furnace or boiler (which are the major way homes in the US are heated).
Heating efficiency can be a little confusing, so it is important to understand that efficiency is measured by annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), which is required to be displayed.
AFUE is a measure of how efficient the appliance is in converting the energy in its fuel to heat over the course of a typical year.
But, AFUE does not include heat lost thru your ducts or piping, which can be as much as 35% when ducts are located in the attic, garage, or other partially conditioned or unconditioned space.
There are three main types of heating systems. Homeowners should understand the type of system in their home in order to compare efficiency.
Old, low-efficiency heating systems require a continuous pilot light that leverages a natural draft to create a flow of combustion gases and roughly 55% to 70% AFUE efficient.
Mid-efficiency heating systems require an electronic ignition that leverages an exhaust fan to control the flow of combustion air and combustion gases more precisely and is about 80% AFUE efficient.
High-efficiency heating systems leverages sealed combustion to condense flue gases in a second heat exchanger for extra efficiency around 90 to 98.% AFUE efficient.
What are common efficient heating DIY tips?
Home heating efficiency can also be achieved by improving your home performance, which means using a smaller (and more efficient) furnace or boiler. What does this mean?
You do not always need a larger furnace or boiler to heat your home. This will also create significant savings!
The warm air blowing out of heating vents need a clear path into the room to provide even heating.
For example, if a piece of furniture covers the vent, then you are limiting limiting the flow of heat. It's like leaving the vent partially or completely closed. To cut heating costs, arrange your room so that the register is as unobstructed as possible.
Many furnaces built prior to 1992 waste that rely on standing pilot lights waste about 35% energy and are likely near the end of their useful life.
For example, an upgrade to a 90% efficiency would reduce your by as much as 25%. To cut heating costs, then work with your HVAC tech to determine your current efficiency during your annual checkup.
Plus, a cleaning helps as well. As James L shares his experience with SolvIt.
Proper insulation slows the rate that heat flows out of the house in winter or into the house in summer, so less energy is required to heat or cool the house.
For example, proper insulation ensures any wall cavities are filled. To cut heating costs, consider finding a professional energy auditor because an expert can really make a difference in your energy costs all year long.
Proper landscaping, particularly deciduous trees, planted around your yard's west side, can be very useful to save energy throughout the year.
For example, trees and shrubs help block or insulate the natural sunlight in your home. With more natural sunlight, then your energy bills will decrease because the furnace or boiler will not work as hard (this also works in the summer too!).
How do air leaks impact efficient heating in the home?
To create an efficient heating system, then it is important to identify and fix air leakage throughout your home. Outside of the standard doors and windows, air finds all the little nooks and crannies, so take some time to locate these sneaky air pockets.
According to Energy Star, the typical house with forced-air heating loses about 20% to 30% of the air that moves through the system to leaks, holes and poorly connected ducts. Take a look at the ductwork in your basement or attic and look for places where the ducts may have pulled apart at seams and corners.
Electrical boxes are often drafty because insulation is not typically installed (or not installed correctly). To stop the leaks, remove the cover plates and fill small gaps around the boxes with acrylic latex caulk. For large gaps, use foam sealant. Then place a foam gasket over the outlet or switch and replace the cover plate.
Often, the pipes, gas lines and electrical cables are installed haphazardly, which means gaps and air leaks. Simply seal the gaps with expanding foam or check the caulk that was likely used during the initial installation.
Does the hot water heater make a difference in efficient heating?
Typically, people don't think about their water heaters until they have a leak or they don't have any hot water. However, proper water heater maintenance can make a difference keeping you and your family warm during the winter.
Interested in hearing about how SolvIt can help with the water heater installation process? Take it from Nick L.
To create an efficient hot water heating system, the first step is to turn down the water temperature to the warm setting (120°F).
For example, most factory setting water heaters are preset to 140°F so the drop in temperature will add up to significant savings over time (and will not impact your hot water).
If your hot water heater only feels warm, then adding insulation will help. Although hot water heaters come insulated, they tend to lose heat if they are located in unheated spaces (such as basements).
If you have pipes which are warm to the touch, which 'sweat', or go through unheated areas, the fix is simple and very inexpensive. Why?
Typically, water pipes are not insulated, which results in lost heat as the water moves throughout your home. As heat loss occurs, then the water heater must work harder and uses more energy, so insulation helps.
For more information, then Energy Star provided a heating and cooling guide, which includes some overall HVAC system checks.
Home heating efficiency is one step to take ensure your HVAC system is running smoothly. Ultimately, everyone wants to a comfortable home.
If something doesn't feel right, then stop and take a look. If you have any questions, then call a professional HVAC technician to help.


text:
Q: Can I configure Outlook 2007 and 2010 to use different "From" and "Reply-to" addresses? I have Outlook 2007 with a single IMAP mail account.  I have a number of aliases configured for that account with my provider.  Can I default Outlook to use one of those aliases for the "From" and "Reply-to" addresses when sending?

A: Depending on your ISP, you may be able to do the following:

*

*Set your outgoing SMTP server to that of your ISP:  Common SMTP Server Addresses

*For your IMAP e-mail account, go into the advanced settings and find the Outgoing Server Authentication tab.  Put a mark in the radio button that says, "My Outgoing Server requires authentication" and fill in your alias e-mail address and a bogus password.

Depending on how your ISPs SMTP server is setup, it may use this e-mail address as the from or reply-to address when sending mail.
Your mileage may vary.

A: In the ribbon, select Options, then try select 'Direct Reply' or something like that. Then a dialog box will open and there will be an option to add a new email address.
When the recipient will reply, it will reply to  new address provided.


Stable Rock Remodeling is Central Pennsylvania's authority in transforming space. Whether or not you are seeking to improve the property worth of your own home forward of a sale or closing on a home you'll be able to't wait to make your own, chances are high there is a renovation or remodeling venture in your future. These items tend to incorporate design selections, that are deeply personal, and there is a vital outlay of time and cash to realize them," Fischer advises.
Subsequently, the first intention of this research was to perform intra-observer and inter-observer measurements of LV parameters in paired acute and follow-up CMR scans in reperfused STEMI sufferers, with the intention to determine the minimal detectable modifications (MDCs) that might be used as reduce-off values for outlining publish-STEMI remodeling.
Although controversial, airway remodeling is commonly attributed to the underlying persistent inflammatory course of. Lifetime Remodeling Programs is a full service remodeling contractor specializing in siding & window alternative as well as remodeling (kitchen, tub and additions) serving the better Portland & Vancouver area.
A reputable bathroom remodeling contractor won't ever hesitate to share such information with their shoppers. Once again, the native remodeling contractors are experienced and will attend to these pre-planning objects for you. Draw elevations of all partitions in the kitchens and bogs.
Whatever judgment you resolve to make relating to the remodeling of your own home, you will reap benefits from doing so. For one factor, remodeling your home could make the surroundings you are residing in a lot nicer. This is a nice remodeling mission to do for the bathroom as a result of it provides further storage that virtually everyone wants for his or her home, particularly the bathroom.


There are different products designed to help replace your natural teeth, and at Bloomfield Dental Designs in Bloomfield, we're frequently asked to explain the different terms. Generally speaking, dentures are removable prosthetic devices designed to replace missing teeth. Complete dentures are used to replace a complete set of teeth. Partial dentures, also known as "partials," replace only a few missing teeth. "Over-dentures" is another confusing term, but it's simply the name for dentures that fit over a small number of your remaining natural teeth or implants.
Another area of confusion for patients is conventional dentures versus immediate dentures. With conventional dentures, Dr. Alvarez makes and places them after the remaining teeth are removed and the tissues have healed. Immediate dentures are placed immediately after the removal of the remaining teeth. Dr. Alvarez will address your unique situation with dentures that are perfect for your lifestyle and needs.
For more information about the different types of denture products and to help you determine which is right for you, make an appointment with Dr. Boris Alvarez by calling our Bloomfield office today at (844) 317-2170.


text:
Building Successful O.R. and Analytics Teams
Miser-Harris Presidential Portrait Gallery
INFORMS Award Namesakes
Biographical Profiles
Non-Academic Institutions
O.R. Application Areas
O.R. Methodologies
History & Traditions eBooks
Library Archives
Land, Ailsa H.
Ailsa H. Land
June 14, 1927 – May 16, 2021
Ailsa H. Land (née Dicken) was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England to Harold Horton Dicken and Elizabeth Grieg. Her parents She lived as an only child with her parents in various semi-rural areas between Birmingham and Litchfield, attending local day schools until 1938. Then at the age of eleven she joined a small mixed prep boarding school on the clifftops at Hastings. For the first time Ailsa began to enjoy school.
By early 1939 Ailsa's parents foresaw the approach of War. To investigate the possibility of the family's emigration to Canada, her mother, accompanied by Ailsa, embarked in April on a "holiday visit" to her relatives in Canada. By September 3rd, Britain and Canada were at war with Germany, and mother and daughter were apparently trapped in Canada for the "Duration". Harold Dicken remained in England and served as a Catering Officer in RAF Bomber Command stations until the end of the War in Europe, May 1945.
Ailsa attended three more school in Canada, and finally settled at her seventh school in 1940 at the Malvern Collegiate Institute in Toronto.
By 1943 Canada was sending troops to Britain, including female members of the forces. Ailsa and her mother decided to join the Canadian Women's Army Corps (CWAC) as their contribution to the war effort and as a possibility of reaching home within that organisation. Ailsa adjusted her age from 16 to 18 in order to join the CWAC.
After serving separately in various cities in Canada, by late summer 1944 both Ailsa and her mother were stationed in Ottawa in a National Defence Headquarters office, run entirely by female staff replacing male soldiers who had been dispatched to join the troops in England preparing for the invasion of Nazi-occupied France. Suddenly they had news that Harold Dicken's life was in danger due to a forthcoming operation. CWAC awarded a compassionate demobilization to both, and after a hectic few days they began a 10 day Atlantic crossing in a small freight ship in what was probably the last 50-ship Atlantic convoy of the war. (The submarine threat was almost over.) By the time they reached England, Harold Dicken was recuperating.
While the War continued until VE Day (May 8th, 1945), Ailsa Dicken was fully occupied with family concerns as well as trying to qualify for University entrance. Lacking any particular career plan, she was attracted to the London School of Economics (LSE), which offered a broad range of subjects from which to select after the first year of study. She had a grant from her service in the CWAC which was enough to start on, and she expected to be able to use her skills in typing and shorthand to supplement the remaining funding for a first degree. Ninety percent of university places in the immediate post-war period were reserved for ex-service personnel as demobilization followed the end of the war in Europe, so she was accepted as a first-year student for the BSc (Econ) in 1946 at the age of 19.
Her first-year exam paper results were very mixed, but evidently she was judged sufficiently competent in the Economics paper to warrant an award (Bowley Prize) and she decided to make that her Special subject. Taking a good degree in 1950, she was offered a Research Assistantship in the Economics Research Division at LSE. This was at the time largely seen as a training ground for eventual university faculty in order to build up the depleted British universities.
Other 1950 graduates in the Economics Research Division included Frank Land (and his twin brother). In time, this led to the marriage in 1953 of Ailsa to Frank Land. By that time she had become interested in Activity Analysis (Linear Programming) and had decided to pursue an academic career, explicitly recognizing that trying to combine that with family life might cost a large part of an academic salary. She had not yet published under the name Dicken and therefore accepted the (rather old fashioned) practice of changing her surname to Land as being easier for prospective children. Eventually she began to live a "five-two" life – weekdays for career, weekends for family life. She was lucky (almost all the time) in the women who acted to fill the weekday gaps. (One actually stayed with them for nine years, and even now comes to visit their great-grandchildren.)
She progressed through the ranks of research assistant, lecturer, senior lecturer, reader, and then chaired professor. Her economics background and perspective informed her subsequent contributions to OR, beginning with her 1956 dissertation on the application of OR techniques to the transportation of coking coal and extending to publications on a wide variety of applied problems (including international trade, manufacturing layout, machine scheduling, and sports analytics). Note that these applied problems were discovered in published papers, not in general contracted for development and use.
Ailsa is especially well known for her development, along with Alison Doig, of what later came to be called the branch-and-bound method for optimization problems with integer variables. Their groundbreaking 1960 work, published in Econometrica, has since been extensively cited and applied by the mathematical programming community. Indeed, most serious implementations of OR optimization software include branch-and bound routines. Interestingly, the work of Land and Doig was carried out at the LSE under the sponsorship of British Petroleum, in order to enhance existing linear programming models for refinery operations in which some variables were necessarily integral. This instance differs in that it was contracted work and it paid the Research Division a year's salary for Ailsa Land and Alison Harcourt (née Doig) to try to develop an optimizing routine for integer LP problems, being aware that they did not have access to a computer, but would develop an algorithm that would be easy to convert to Fortran by BP's own staff. The company did not wish to publicize the existence of this contract with LSE.
She also conducted early investigations of the traveling salesman problem, beginning with a 1955 paper with George Morton, and continuing with a 1979 research report on 100 city traveling salesman problems. This latter work applied cutting planes and a heuristic for subtour elimination constraints to obtain considerable improvement on previous approaches. In addition, Ailsa advanced OR methodology through publication of notable work on shortest path algorithms, quadratic programming, bicriteria decision problems, and statistical data fitting. Since retirement from the LSE in 1987, she has continued several research projects, resulting in contributions to data envelopment analysis, the quadratic assignment problem, and combinatorial auctions.
It is significant that Ailsa was not content with methodological contributions alone. She devoted much effort to the parallel development of computational tools for efficient solution of such problems. Indeed, she was on the forefront of computational OR, in which well-tested computer code is implemented, taking into account both theoretical considerations and efficient data structures. A significant work of this nature is the 1973 book Fortran Codes for Mathematical Programming: Linear, Quadratic and Discrete, written jointly with Susan Powell. This work provided detailed documentation for computer implementations of optimization techniques as well as the underlying mathematical background and a suite of test problems. A subsequent 1979 publication, also with Susan Powell, offered guidance to consumers of mixed-integer programming and combinatorial programming. Her computer codes for data envelopment analysis and for the traveling salesman problem were all made freely available to the optimization community.
During Ailsa's teaching career at the LSE, she helped to establish a two-year diploma in OR at the LSE for students from the British Iron and Steel Association. Later she instituted a mathematical programming course at the undergraduate level as well as an advanced graduate course for the MSc program. She has the distinction of being the first woman professor of operational research in Britain, and at the LSE she mentored both master's level and PhD students, several of whom have achieved international distinction.
Wikipedia Entry for Ailsa Land
Rosenhead J. & Williams P. Ailsa Land - A Profile. LSE OR Newsletter May p. 12 (attached by permission of The Operational Research Society)
Ailsa Land - A Profile
London School of Economics, BSc (1950), PhD (1956) Mathematics Genealogy
Academic Affiliations
Key Interests in OR/MS
Combinatorial Optimization
Economics / Econometrics
Networks and Graphs
Optimization/Mathematical Programming
Recreation / Sports
Combinatorial Auctions
Data Envelopment Analysis
Machine Scheduling
Ailsa Land (2019) Interview by László Végh, July 18, 2019 in Totnes, Devon, England
Ailsa Land Interview Transcript (extensively edited for clarity)
Jump to Chapters
Chapter 1: Introduction: Growing Up in the Birmingham region, England
Chapter 2: Boarding School in Hastings, England
Chapter 3: Emigration to Canada
Chapter 4: Enlisting in the Canadian Army at 16
Chapter 5: Return to England
Chapter 6: Studies at the London School of Economics
Chapter 7: PhD Research
Chapter 8: Mathematics Motivated by Applications
Chapter 9: Solution Methods Motivated by Economics
Chapter 10: Integer Programming
Chapter 11: Branch and Bound and the Traveling Salesman Problem
Chapter 12: A Poorly Formulated Problem
Chapter 13: Computational Work
Chapter 14: Teaching at LSE
Chapter 15: The First Woman Full Professor of OR in the UK
Chapter 16: Views about Operations Research
Ailsa Land (2019) ) Interview by Laszlo Vegh, July 18, 2019 in Totnes, Devon, England
NOTE: The video chapter transcripts are searchable, with search results displayed as marks on the time bar above the search box. Click a mark to jump to the search word or phrase in the video and transcript, or click on any word in the transcript to jump to that point in the video.
Image Gallery and Slideshow
Click any image to start a slide show with enlarged images. (There is a pause/resume button on upper right of the slideshow).
Ailsa Dicken Land as a member of the Canadian Women's Army Corps, c. 1944
Elizabeth Grieg Dicken, mother of Ailsa Land, as a member of the Canadian Women's Army Corp, circa 1944.
Ailsa Land at a picnic during the August 1977 Advanced Research Institute Conference on Discrete Optimization and Systems Applications, Banff, Canada, where she delivered a paper written with Susan Powell.
Ailsa Land at the recording of an oral history interview with László Végh in Totnes, Devon, England July 18, 2019
Memoirs and Autobiographies
Land A (undated memoir by Ailsa Land) Evolution of LP Code
Land A, Land F and Vegh L. Ailsa Land INFORMS History Interview extensively edited for clarity. 18 July 2019. (linked from the Oral Histories section)
Avgerou C and Cornford T (2021) In Memory of Ailsa Land (1927 - 2021) London School of Economics and Political Science (link)
Harold Larnder Prize, 1994 (link)
Beale Medal of the British OR Society, 2019 (link)
Farbey, B. A., Land, A. H., & Murchland, J. D. (1967) The cascade algorithm for finding all shortest distances in a directed graph. Management Science, 14(1): 19–28.
Land, A. H. (1957) An application of linear programming to the transport of coking coal. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 120(3): 308–319.
Land, A. H. (1979) The solution of some 100-city symmetric travelling salesman problems. Research report, London School of Economics.
Land, A. H. & Doig, A. G. (1960) An automatic method of solving discrete programming problems. Econometrica, 28(3): 497–520.
Land, A. H. & Kuhn, H. W. (1959) Factor endowments and factor prices. Economica, 26(102): 137–144.
Land, A. H., Laporte, G., & Miliotis, P. (1978). A unified formulation of the machine scheduling problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(1): 32–35.
Land, A. H. & Morton, G. (1973) An inverse-basis method for Beale's quadratic programming algorithm. Management Science, 19(5): 510–516.
Land, A. H. & Powell, S. (1973) Fortran Codes for Mathematical Programming: Linear, Quadratic and Discrete. Wiley: New York.
Land, A. & Powell, S. (1979) Computer codes for problems of integer programming. Hammer, P. L., Johnson, E. J., & Korte, B. H., eds. Discrete Optimization II, Annals of Discrete Mathematics 5, 221–269.
Land, A.H., Powell, S., & Steinberg, R. (2006) PAUSE: A computationally tractable combinatorial auction. Cramton, P., Shoham, Y. & Steinberg, R., eds. Combinatorial Auctions, Chapter 6. MIT Press: Cambridge.
Land, A. H. & Stairs, S. W. (1967) The extension of the cascade algorithm to large graphs. Management Science, 14(1): 29–33.
Morton, G. & Land, A. H. (1955). A contribution to the "Travelling-Salesman Problem". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 17(2): 185–203.
The Ailsa Land Prize of the London School of Economics (link)
Camm J. et al (2021) Real-World Optimization - Successes and Pitfalls - A panel discussion celebrating the life of Dr. Ailsa Land. Beale Lecture 2021 (25 February 2021), The Operational Research Society, 25 February 2021 (link)


Cameroon's President Paul Biya yesterday convoked a rare cabinet meeting and vowed to push ahead with a military crackdown on English-speaking separatists in the francophone country.
"The efforts (of the security forces) must be continued, especially to ensure a return of normal economic and social activity," Biya told the first cabinet meeting held since 2015.
The 85-year-old Biya, in power since 1982, has not yet said whether he will stand for re-election, though his party regards him as "the natural candidate". On October 1, separatists declared two regions as the self-proclaimed republic of "Ambazonia", marking a turning point for the country's English-speaking minority, which makes up around a fifth of the population.
Biya dispatched troops, combat helicopters and armoured vehicles to root out the dissidents, forcing tens of thousands to flee to neighbouring Nigeria. At least 28 soldiers have been killed in the violence, according to an AFP tally, and two state employees have been kidnapped.
The civilian death toll remains unclear, as non-governmental organisations and independent media are barred from the area.
Though the original Ambazonia leaders have dissociated themselves from militant offshoots, they claim their struggle is peaceful but there are a growing number of attacks against the government.
The government early this month created a Ministry of Decentralisation and Development during a cabinet reshuffle. Decentralisation has been one of the key demands of separatist moderates, while more radical activists are demanding complete independence.


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Warning: Shoutbox is littered with spoilers tonight.
What's everybody being banned for?
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When Can I Do Another BTB?
NEW WC's Hall Of Fame members announced !!!!


Lewyt Corporation Flashlights at the Flashlight Museum - Antique, classic and new flashlights - Eveready, Maglite, Surefire and more!
The default sorting list_method is by Circa (Date Released). Click on Column Titles to re-sort data. Click on item description to view picture and more specs.