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Will Inter Finally End Juventus dominance of Serie A?
Date:5th February 2021 at 10:36am
Written by: Forza Italian Football Staff Forza Italian Football
You must go back to the 2010/11 season to find the last time a team other than Juventus won the Italian Serie A title. That team was AC Milan and since then, Juventus have dominated Italian football, winning nine titles in succession, leaving the Bianconeri as the clear all time leaders of Serie A victories.
However, as we enter the second half of the 2020/21 campaign, it appears as though Juventus are about to surrender their grip on Serie A. The question is, will Inter be the team to finally end Juventus dominance of Italian football?
There were external factors in play during the 2019/20 campaign, which made it a season unlike any other in the history of Italian football. Thankfully, the Serie A season was played to a conclusion and Inter finished in second place, just one point behind the winners, Juventus. Inter had the second best record in terms of goals scored and the best defensive record of any team in the league.
The Nerazzurri led for the first 6 weeks of the season and also at the mid-stage of the campaign. However, Inter could not hold off the challenge of Juventus and despite losing only 4 games throughout the whole season, they were forced to settle for second place. So, what has changed to suggest that Inter could go one better in the 2020/21 season and finish above Juventus to claim the Scudetto?
Firstly, the bookmakers believe Inter have a great chance of winning the title this season and it is the first time in many years they have had the backing of the betting world. If you fancy a wager, Inter are currently available at 6/4 to win Serie A and you can check out some of the best gambling websites and bonuses at Foxbonus Italy.
Much like last season, Inter are proving a difficult team to beat in Serie A and at the time of writing they have lost only one of their last 15 Serie A matches. In fact, Inter have suffered just two defeats in their 27 most recent league games, which is a fantastic record. Their home record is of particular note and the Nerazzurri have won each of their last 6 home Serie A fixtures, including the all-important victory over Juventus on the 17th of January.
The win over Juventus felt like a watershed moment in the season for Inter, with goals from Arturo Vidal and Nicolo Barella sealing a 2-0 victory. The joy on the players' faces when they scored the second goal showed how much it meant to Inter as they knew that gave them a strong foothold in the match. Manager, Antonio Conte walked onto the pitch at the final whistle with a huge smile on his face as he knew what the result meant, not only in terms of Inter's title credentials but also their self-belief.
Although he did not score a goal in the win against Juventus, Romelu Lukaku remains a key player for Inter and his goals will be crucial if they are to finish above Juventus and win the title this season. At the time of writing, the striker has 12 goals to his name, leaving him three goals behind Cristiano Ronaldo in the race to be top scorer. With some favourable home fixtures still to come this season, the 6/1 for Lukaku to finish as top goal scorer in Serie A is tempting.
The Belgian international will certainly be a key player and Inter have a tremendous opportunity to finally end Juventus dominance of Serie A and claim their first title since 2009/10, when they went to win the treble.


There's still time to become a sponsor of the Plymouth Area Chamber of Commerce' 2nd Annual Networking Summit, slated for Oct. 18.
There's still time to become a sponsor of the Plymouth Area Chamber of Commerce's 2nd Annual Networking Summit, slated for Oct. 18. This event is an opportunity to connect with other businesses and get the word out about your own. Tickets are on sale now. Here's the low-down on this high-intensity meet and greet.
The Plymouth Area Chamber of Commerce's 2nd Annual Networking Summit gives businesses and professionals an opportunity to connect and celebrate what they have to offer. This enormously popular event drew more than 400 business professionals last year intent on expanding their network, learning about new innovative approaches to business and just having a good time. Business is always personal, and that handshake, smile and chat forges lasting business partnerships, collaborations and referrals.
This is also a great opportunity to advertise through sponsorships, from $2,500 to $250. Sponsors receive everything from logo placement on all event emails and collateral for event marketing as well as event day verbal recognition and other percs, depending on their sponsorship level. To become a sponsor, fire off an email to meg@plymouthchcmaber.com or call 508-830-1620.
The Plymouth Area Chamber of Commerce's 2nd Annual Networking Summit will be held at Hotel 1620 at 180 Water St., on Plymouth Harbor.
The Plymouth Area Chamber of Commerce's 2nd Annual Networking Summit will be held at 5 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 18.
Tickets cost $20 and are available at plymouthchamber.com or by calling 508-830-1620.


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Death Stranding feels more at home on PS5 than it did on PS4
By Giovanni Colantonio September 23, 2021
Death Stranding was ahead of its time, though not in the way you're probably thinking. Usually, that's an expression reserved for innovation that feels light-years ahead of the competition. In the case of Hideo Kojima's polarizing "strand" game, I mean that the project quite literally launched before technology could do it full justice.
Geared up
DEATH STRANDING DIRECTOR'S CUT - Preview Trailer - [ESRB] 4K
Released in November 2019, the game was a late PlayStation 4 exclusive that pushed the hardware to the limits. While plenty of arguments can be made about how "fun" the game is, there's no debate that it's a technical marvel. But with the PS5 dropping almost exactly one year later, I was always left wondering how much it could have benefitted by pumping the brakes and waiting for a new console.
With Death Stranding: Director's Cut, I don't need to imagine. While the upgrade won't sway any naysayers to its corner, the upgraded rerelease feels more at home on the PS5 than it did on last generation's hardware. It's a more immersive experience that benefits from DualSense integration and small, but important quality of life changes.
At first, I figured I'd just transfer my old PS4 save data over to my PS5 and pop in where I left off. After getting a little lost, I just decided to start the game from the top instead. The Director's Cut is meant to smooth the opening of the game over for newcomers, so I figured it wouldn't hurt to start from scratch.
Right off the bat, the new version brings the kind of technical boosts we've come to expect from next-gen upgrades. Fans can enjoy the game in native 4K or scaled 4K at 60 frames per second. It features faster load times, too, which is a godsend considering that this is a game that triggers three separate cutscenes anytime Sam enters a shower.
Those changes aren't what makes the Director's Cut stand out, though. Instead, it's the finer details of the PS5 hardware. The first time I used the DualSense controller, I remember wishing Sony would bring Death Stranding to PS5 to take advantage of that. That's exactly what happens here, and it enhances the experience. When Sam plods around with a tower of cargo on his back, I can feel the weight of each footstep on each side of my controller. That helps me better determine when I'm teetering too far to one side, adding to the game's already intriguing hiking mechanics.
Adaptive triggers also do wonders to make the experience immersive. Used to rebalance Sam, the extra tension when pressing one down really sells the sense of weight. It actually feels a little strenuous when Sam tries to swing hundreds of pounds of boxes upright. These are subtle sensations, but ones that better break down the barrier between the player and controller.
Sound has also gotten a nice boost thanks to 3D audio, which adds further depth. I found myself most interested in the DualSense's speaker, though, which Kojima has a field day with. Most notably, BB's cries pierce out of the little speaker. I hold my controller down by my waist when playing, right about where Sam attaches BB to his suit, so the experience becomes even more anxiety-inducing.
Playing the new version, I'm actually shocked that Death Stranding wasn't designed for the PS5 to begin with. Every little DualSense feature feels right at home in the game, as if it was meant for it all along. While they don't change the polarizing gameplay, they do sell it a little better and make the experience feel more complete. It's not a reason to dive back in if you didn't like it originally, but it's a good reason to take a chance on it if you've been on the fence about trying it for the past two years.
Death Stranding: Director's Cut brings a bit of extra content, though most of it comes in the form of stealthy quality of life improvements. For example, Sam gets a new "Support Skeleton" in Chapter 2, which allows him to carry heavier cargo loads and run faster early in the game. Previously, players waited much longer to finally get access to skeletons, making the first few chapters particularly grueling at times.
Similarly, Sam gets the Maser in that chapter. The new tool is an electricity gun that can take out enemy MULEs in a quick blast. Gunplay is introduced much deeper in the original version, so the Maser makes initial MULE fights more manageable. When Sam gets the tool, he also unlocks a firing range where he can test the game's weapons. Players who are already familiar with the game won't have much use for it (except to try some ranked missions), but it's an important addition for easing newcomers into a mechanic that wasn't gracefully introduced originally.
There's some more significant content here, though nothing that fundamentally changes the experience. There's a new story arc set in a MULE-filled factory, which is seamlessly woven into the main game (a similar tactic was used in this year's Nier remake). There's a racetrack now, which, sure, why not? Nothing here is going to change any minds, but the experience has just a bit more variety now.
In my mind, this is the version of Death Stranding that we should have seen initially. Its infamously dry opening acts are just a bit easier to swallow, and the PS5-specific features feel like they should have been there from day one. It's a definitive edition in that it's a more fully realized version of gaming's toughest sell. Death Stranding always felt lost on the PS4; now it's right where it belongs.
Death Stranding: Director's Cut is available on September 24 for PS5.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
SPIRIT OF STEAMBOAT
A holiday tale from the New York Times bestselling author of the Walt Longmire mystery series, the inspiration for A&E's hit show Longmire "It's a question of what you have to do, what you have to live with if you don't." Sheriff Walt Longmire is reading A Christmas Carol in his office on December 24th when he's interrupted by the ghost of Christmas past: a young woman with a hairline scar across her forehead and more than a few questions about Walt's predecessor, Lucian Connally. Walt doesn't recognize the mystery woman, but she seems to know him and claims to have something she must return to Connally. With his daughter, Cady, and his undersheriff Vic Moretti in Philadelphia for the holidays, Walt is at loose ends, and despite the woman's reticence to reveal her identity, he agrees to help her. At the Durant Home for Assisted Living Lucian Connally is several tumblers into his Pappy Van Winkle's and swears he's never clapped eyes on the woman before. Disappointed, she whispers "Steamboat" and begins a story that takes them all back to Christmas Eve 1988, when three people died in a terrible crash and a young girl had the slimmest chance of survival . . . back to a record-breaking blizzard, to Walt's first year as sheriff, with a young daughter at home and a wife praying for his safety . . . back to a whiskey-soaked World War II vet ready to fly a decommissioned plane and risk it all to save a life. Back to the Spirit of Steamboat. PRINTED BOOK:  Barnes & Noble  Amazon  Books a Million  IndieBound  Poisoned Pen Ebooks: Apple Books | Kindle | Nook | Books a Million SIGNED PAPERBACK $13.00 + shipping If you would like a short personalization in the book, please enter the exact wording in the available text box before adding it to your cart.
THE HIGHWAYMAN
Sheriff Walt Longmire and Henry Standing Bear embark on their latest adventure in this novella set in the world of Craig Johnson's New York Times bestselling Longmire series - the basis for the hit drama Longmire on Netflix. When Wyoming highway patrolman Rosey Wayman is transferred to the beautiful and imposing landscape of the Wind River Canyon, an area the troopers refer to as no-man's- land because of the lack of radio communication, she starts receiving "officer needs assistance" calls. The problem? They're coming from Bobby Womack, a legendary Arapaho patrolman who met a fiery death in the canyon almost a half-century ago. With an investigation that spans this world and the next, Sheriff Walt Longmire and Henry Standing Bear take on a case that pits them against a legend: The Highwayman. PRINTED BOOK:  Barnes & Noble  Amazon  Books a Million Ebooks: Apple Books SIGNED PAPERBACK $13.00 + shipping If you would like a short personalization in the book, please enter the exact wording in the available text box before adding it to your cart.
Personalization (optional)
Sheriff Walt Longmire and Henry Standing Bear embark on their latest adventure in this novella set in the world of Craig Johnson's New York Times bestselling Longmire series - the basis for the hit drama Longmire on Netflix. When Wyoming highway patrolman Rosey Wayman is transferred to the beautiful and imposing landscape of the Wind River Canyon, an area the troopers refer to as no- man's-land because of the lack of radio communication, she starts receiving "officer needs assistance" calls. The problem? They're coming from Bobby Womack, a legendary Arapaho patrolman who met a fiery death in the canyon almost a half- century ago. With an investigation that spans this world and the next, Sheriff Walt Longmire and Henry Standing Bear take on a case that pits them against a legend: The Highwayman. PRINTED BOOK:  Barnes & Noble  Amazon  Books a Million Ebooks: Apple Books SIGNED PAPERBACK $13.00 + shipping If you would like a short personalization in the book, please enter the exact wording in the available text box before adding it to your cart.
Sheriff Walt Longmire and Henry Standing Bear embark on their latest adventure in this novella set in the world of Craig Johnson's New York Times bestselling Longmire series - the basis for the hit drama Longmire on Netflix. When Wyoming highway patrolman Rosey Wayman is transferred to the beautiful and imposing landscape of the Wind River Canyon, an area the troopers refer to as no-man's-land because of the lack of radio communication, she starts receiving "officer needs assistance" calls. The problem? They're coming from Bobby Womack, a legendary Arapaho patrolman who met a fiery death in the canyon almost a half-century ago. With an investigation that spans this world and the next, Sheriff Walt Longmire and Henry Standing Bear take on a case that pits them against a legend: The Highwayman. PRINTED BOOK:  Barnes & Noble  Amazon  Books a Million Ebooks: Apple Books SIGNED PAPERBACK $13.00 + shipping If you would like a short personalization in the book, please enter the exact wording in the available text box before adding it to your cart.


text:
Q: How do I find OS architecture in Google Dart? How can I find the OS's architecture using Dart on the server side?

A: You can use the Platform class:
import 'dart:io';

main() {
  print(Platform.operatingSystem);
  print(Platform.numberOfProcessors);
}

If the Platform class is not enough, you could also create a new process and execute some command to see if it returns something meaningful (like execute ps to retrieve processes, etc.).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Local IDB Partnership results in Substantial Non-Revenue Water Waste Reduction In The Bahamas
IDB Partnership results in Substantial Non-Revenue Water Waste Reduction In The Bahamas
Workers repairing a leak on Blue Hill Road on New Providence. (Photo: WSC/Barefoot Marketing).
NASSAU, The Bahamas – As The Bahamas is well into completing its preparation to host the 57th Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Boards of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the 31st for the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC), the benefits derived from the nation's collaboration with the IDB is being highlighted.
One such partnership has resulted in various improvements in the country 's water supply, including an initiative where several millions of gallons of non-revenue water (NRW) was saved from going to waste in the island-nation.
The IDB awarded a loan of $81 million to the Water and Sewerage Corporation (WSC), in December 2011, to improve the efficiency and quality of service provision of potable water, address critical sewerage needs in New Providence and, establish economic and environmental regulatory entities.
Through partial funding from the IDB loan, the WSC awarded MIYA Bahamas a 10-year contract, with the objective of increasing access to fresh water by reducing water losses. Thus far MIYA has exceeded their target goals when it comes to the reduction of water losses in New Providence.
"Historically, the Water & Sewerage Corporation has, because of old and degraded local water distribution utilities, recorded leakage of its potable water as high as 58 per cent of its supply," said Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Works and Urban Development the Hon. Philip "Brave" Davis. "In an effort to address this challenge, MIYA Water (MIYA Bahamas), is contractually engaged by the Water and Sewerage Corporation (WSC) to maximise the efficiency of its water systems, that is, to reduce non-revenue water."
Deputy Prime Minister Davis said that non-revenue water is water produced and distributed, but for which no money is collected by the WSC.
"It consists mainly of water losses through wastage, that is, by way of leaks from the Corporation's infrastructure; unauthorised use such as theft; and on a lesser scale, metering errors; and through authorized usage such as fire-fighting and mains flushing," he noted.
He pointed out that agreement with MIYA is to reduce water losses from what was then estimated at five million gallons per day (Migd) to 2.5 Million gallons per day in five years and to two Migd in seven years.
"Further, Miya Water (MIYA Bahamas) was contracted to maintain those reductions until Year 10," Deputy Prime Minister Davis said. "MIYA conducted studies in 2012 and developed a comprehensive strategy for water loss reduction. They then commenced implementation in 2013. During its studies, MIYA determined that losses were actually almost 6.9 Migd but despite this, the Corporation and MIYA have made significant progress."
According to MIYA, the essential goals of the project are to improve water utility operations by substantially reducing potable water leakage and build customer support by providing better service.
The project includes a comprehensive suite of water efficiency solutions involving strategic and financial planning based on local NRW audits. This, MIYA added, will be followed by water infrastructure improvements devised specifically for the island.
So far, MIYA stated, there are leak detection teams locating and repairing hundreds of leaks, including one losing 238,000 imperial gallons per day (IGPD), potentially saving a million dollars a year in losses; the installation of new service line installed perpendicular to existing main with updated corrosion-resistant valves; the integration of various software systems for better infrastructure management; and a pilot water efficiency education programme for 5th grade students completed successfully and led to over 20% decreased water consumption in students' homes.
MIYA has also recruited and trained more than 100 Bahamians to help WSC maintain the results "long after project completion", the WSC noted.
Also according to the WSC, it has carried out various improvement works throughout the island of New Providence, since then.
"The IDB program has already had a significant impact on WSC," WSC General Manager Glen Laville said recently. "We have reduced water losses by over one billion gallons within the last two years, a savings of $6.5 million.
"We have a draft Wastewater Master Plan for New Providence and we are finalising designs for addressing our critical sewerage infrastructure needs," he added. "We are improving our customer experience with online payment, email bill notification, and several other customer account 'transactions' will be available online soon."
The IDB loan, the WSC stated, has also contributed to the strengthening of the corporation as an institution.
A new supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system was installed to better monitor, control, and respond to system challenges and a new system will be installed to help automatically read new electronic meters that WSC will transition to over the next few years. That system will also be compatible with existing meters used by the Bahamas Electricity Corporation, it continued.
WSC is also undergoing organisational restructuring and has been working with a local promotions agency, Barefoot Marketing, to help inform the public about the IDB loan initiatives and strengthen the relationship between the public and WSC.
"The progress we are making due to the loan is something that all staff should be proud of as everyone contributes to the company's success" said Mr. Laville. "It will go a long way in improving water and sewerage service as well as our communications with our customers."
Over 1.5 billion gallons of water has already been saved on the project and, "If the Corporation maintains its present savings, over a ten-year period, more than 10 billion gallons of water will be saved," Deputy Prime Minister Davis concurred. "This saving in water production will be accompanied by savings seven million gallons of diesel and 33 gigawatt-hours of electricity. This is equivalent energy to power over 600 households and over 800 vehicles for 10 years. That is what you call savings."
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If you're interested in alternative, fun, one-of-a-kind family activities, Krav Maga style family classes combine fitness, elite self defense training and character development strategies for kids. Plus, classes offer parents the unique opportunity to coach and work out with their children.
Family classes promote a fun, structured and supportive environment that's appropriately paced for even our youngest Krav Maga students to experience fitness, learn techniques, acquire confidence, and build self-esteem – with Mom and/or Dad both participating and coaching alongside.
Each class begins with a warm up, followed by drills and practice to improve form and technique. The instructors introduce concepts such as movement, awareness and voice along with realistic defensive situations. Sporadic laughter and water breaks, as well as hugs and high fives, are a part of this positive atmosphere. A Verbal Self Defense lesson always concludes class.
Verbal Self defense is a principle based system of communication that teaches our youth conflict resolution strategies aimed at de-escalation without the use of force. But first and foremost, Verbal Self Defense build character.
The system helps our youth internalize Why certain behavior is unacceptable, When action becomes a moral obligation rather than a moral preference, and How to act effectively while maintaining dignity in the process.
By emphasizing dignity, respect, pride, unity, values, community, ethics, proper representation, security, safety, language, assertiveness, verbal redirection, conflict resolution, and S.A.F.E.R. lines, this system – especially when coupled with Krav Maga based defensive training – helps our youth understand Why, When, and How to intervene, and when words fail.
Family activities ought to foster unity. Come and see why Krav Maga families that kick together, stick together.
A Krav Maga style family class is offered every Sunday at 10:30 am. If you have questions or want to try a class, email Erin@kmny.us.


Bangladesh Islamic Foundation Job Circular. Bangladesh Islamic Foundation Job Circular Published New job vacancy in 2018. Bangladesh Islamic Foundation Job Circular 2018. The circular has published on. And Deadline of application is please see the circular. To Know More Details Please See The Original Job Circular in Image File. The Image File Is Given Below. Directorate of Secondary And Higher Education is one of the leading Government Service Organization in the country.


Falling in love is one of the most beautiful feelings in the world; it inspires us and gives us the more reasons to live. Having a great relationship helps each and one of us to continue to grow. Love helps us to do great things, the more we are inspired and motivated, the higher the chance to have a better life. Most people think that love is complicated, stupid, etc. but the truth is, they are afraid to be rejected or alone in the end. People build big walls to protect themselves from love, they fear it. But sometimes, love always finds its way to us.
Just like what happened to me, I met this beautiful woman while I was in Chiswick. I am not in any relationships, but I had a lot of woman in my life. I don't get into relationship; it's like friends with benefits. It feels good for me, I don't owe anyone, don't have responsibility and I can pick any woman I want. I am a free man, not until I met a Chiswick Escorts. A Chiswick Escorts from https://charlotteaction.org/chiswick-escorts who make me so happy, even if I try hard to stay away from her. I work hard not to fall in love with Chiswick Escorts. But Chiswick Escorts is hard to resists; their beauty is timeless, their eyes are dazzling, their lips are kissable, their nose is pointed. Chiswick Escorts are just perfect one. Chiswick Escorts becomes more ideal when I know her well.


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Alberta Teachers' Association > News and Info > ATA News > Volume 51 2016-17 > Number 2 > Teacher sets sights
Teacher sets sights on world championships
September 13, 2016 Cory Hare, ATA News Managing Editor
Shown taking aim during competition at the Canada Cup in Maple Ridge, B.C. last year, Alberta teacher Lucie Filion will compete for Canada at the 2016 World Field Archery Championship in Dublin at the end of September.
Archer Lucie Filion shoots for a personal best in all situations
When Lucie Filion sets her sights on something, look out.
Currently in the crosshairs for the retired teacher and competitive archer is the 2016 World Field Archery Championship that takes place in Dublin at the end of September.
Lucie Filion
"I'm very happy to be able to be on the Canadian team," said Filion, who qualified for the event in a recent competition.
To tune up for the games, Filion recently competed in the Canadian championships, where she won two gold medals in the masters class (for middle-aged competitors), and the American Masters Games, where she earned a bronze. (She's thinking about trying to raise her score enough to have a shot at the next Olympics).
Her training involves three to four hours of daily practice, which has her taking anywhere from 100 to 200 shots. Due to the shoulder strength and stability required for her discipline, she is also no stranger to the home gym she has set up in her basement.
At 58, Filion is both an old-timer and a relative newcomer to the sport. She first took up archery at age 11 while growing up in Quebec. She immediately displayed a natural talent and a taste for the winners' podium. However, when she entered her 20s, she put away her bow to focus on her burgeoning career and family.
It wasn't until 30 years later, in 2012, that Filion decided to get back into the sport. This desire brought her to an archery store, where, using a borrowed bow, she peppered the middle area of the target.
"The guy said, 'You still got it, lady,' so I bought a bow."
Archery equipment changed a great deal during Filion's time away, and she's still learning about all the new gadgets that are available. In the meantime, she has demonstrated that she's one of the best in Alberta and Canada in the recurve category, which employs a classic curved bow, as opposed to the compound bow (identifiable by the pulleys at the top and bottom), which provides a greater mechanical advantage and precision.
For Filion, the appeal of archery is explained by the French word dépassement, which means overtake. She is constantly looking to surpass herself.
"It's awesome to be able to shoot," she says.
While Filion likes the purposeful travel and social aspects of competing nationally and internationally, she also finds appeal in the calm that comes over her while shooting.
"It's a peace of mind, being one with your target and shooting," she says.
This ability to clear one's mind is crucial to success in archery.
"You need to be stable, every arrow," Filion says. "If there's something bothering you, you'll see it at the target, so you have to have a clear mind."
Senior/master
Although she often competes in the master category (for middle-aged competitors), at the upcoming games in Ireland Filion will compete in the senior category, which is for anyone aged 21 and over. Filion says she doesn't have a particular goal other than to do her best.
"I'm not looking for a medal. I'm looking to be able to achieve a score, to achieve something, at least, for my country and for myself," she says.
The pursuit of one's personal best describes Filion's approach to life in general, and it is an approach she advocates for anybody, regardless of age or ability.
"Do what you dream to do in your life," Filion says. "If you want to do art, go for it. If you want to do sport, you have that ability. Just go for it."
Teachers, in particular, can benefit from looking after themselves as well as they look after their students.
"We want our teaching to help kids to be the best they can be," she says. "We still have that ability, but we forgot about ourselves. We should do stuff for ourselves, because we're going to be the best example for our kids."
Although she retired from teaching in 2013, Filion still teaches on contract each year. Last year she taught kindergarten at Dunluce School in Edmonton.
Filion's interests aren't restricted to archery. An active, energetic and adventurous person, she entered the 2015 Winter World Masters Games in long-track speedskating, despite having never done this style of skating. Armed with a few lessons, a bit of practice and borrowed skates, she propelled herself to a bronze medal in the 3,000 metres, as well as three fourth-place finishes in other distances.
Her next endeavour will be skiing, a sport she hasn't touched for years after competing in it when she was young. Taking on this new challenge is all part of Filion's philosophy that life is for doing.
"There's a world for us [older people]," she says. "We're not dead." ❚


text:
package pl.exsio.ca.module.terrain.report.impl;

import com.vaadin.addon.charts.Chart;
import com.vaadin.addon.charts.model.ChartType;
import com.vaadin.addon.charts.model.Configuration;
import com.vaadin.addon.charts.model.ContainerDataSeries;
import com.vaadin.addon.charts.model.Cursor;
import com.vaadin.addon.charts.model.PlotOptionsPie;
import com.vaadin.addon.charts.model.Tooltip;
import com.vaadin.addon.charts.model.style.Color;
import com.vaadin.addon.charts.themes.VaadinTheme;
import com.vaadin.addon.jpacontainer.JPAContainer;
import com.vaadin.addon.jpacontainer.JPAContainerFactory;
import com.vaadin.addon.jpacontainer.fieldfactory.SingleSelectConverter;
import static com.vaadin.addon.jpacontainer.filter.Filters.eq;
import com.vaadin.data.Item;
import com.vaadin.data.Property;
import com.vaadin.data.util.IndexedContainer;
import com.vaadin.data.util.converter.Converter;
import com.vaadin.data.util.converter.StringToDateConverter;
import com.vaadin.data.util.filter.UnsupportedFilterException;
import com.vaadin.ui.AbstractSelect;
import com.vaadin.ui.Button;
import com.vaadin.ui.ComboBox;
import com.vaadin.ui.Table;
import com.vaadin.ui.VerticalLayout;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.ServiceGroup;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.Terrain;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.TerrainAssignment;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.TerrainNotification;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.TerrainType;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.dao.TerrainDao;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.entity.factory.CaEntityFactory;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.entity.provider.provider.CaEntityProviderProvider;
import pl.exsio.ca.model.repository.provider.CaRepositoryProvider;
import pl.exsio.ca.module.terrain.report.Report;
import static pl.exsio.jin.translationcontext.TranslationContext.t;
import pl.exsio.frameset.vaadin.ui.support.component.ComponentFactory;
import pl.exsio.jin.annotation.TranslationPrefix;

/**
 *
 * @author exsio
 */
@TranslationPrefix("ca.report.abstract")
public abstract class AbstractReportImpl extends VerticalLayout implements Report {

    protected static final int MODE_WORK = 0;

    protected static final int MODE_REST = 1;

    protected static final String ACTIVE_BUTTON_STYLE = "button-selected";

    protected Button rest = new Button(t("rest"));
    ;

    protected Button report = new Button(t("report"));
    ;

    protected int lastMode = MODE_WORK;

    protected CaEntityFactory caEntities;

    protected CaRepositoryProvider caRepositories;

    protected CaEntityProviderProvider caEntityProviders;

    public void setCaEntities(CaEntityFactory caEntities) {
        this.caEntities = caEntities;
    }

    public void setCaRepositories(CaRepositoryProvider caRepositories) {
        this.caRepositories = caRepositories;
    }

    public void setCaEntityProviders(CaEntityProviderProvider caEntityProviders) {
        this.caEntityProviders = caEntityProviders;
    }

    protected void setWorkActive() {
        report.setStyleName(ACTIVE_BUTTON_STYLE);
        rest.removeStyleName(ACTIVE_BUTTON_STYLE);
    }

    protected void setReportActive() {
        rest.setStyleName(ACTIVE_BUTTON_STYLE);
        report.removeStyleName(ACTIVE_BUTTON_STYLE);
    }

    protected Set<Terrain> getAllTerrainsExcludingIds(Date date, ServiceGroup group, TerrainType type, Collection ids) {
        TerrainDao dao = this.caRepositories.getTerrainRepository();
        if (ids.isEmpty()) {
            ids.add(-1l);
        }
        if (group == null && type == null) {
            return dao.findByAssignmentDateExcludingIds(date, ids);
        } else if (group != null && type == null) {
            return dao.findByGroupAndAssignmentDateExcludingIds(group, date, ids);
        } else if (group != null && type != null) {
            return dao.findByTypeAndGroupAndAssignmentDateExcludingIds(type, group, date, ids);
        } else if (group == null && type != null) {
            return dao.findByTypeAndAssignmentDateExcludingIds(type, date, ids);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    protected IndexedContainer getChartContainer(double allCount, double reportCount) throws Property.ReadOnlyException {
        IndexedContainer container = new IndexedContainer();
        Double reportPercent = allCount > 0 ? reportCount * 100 / allCount : 0;
        Double restPercent = 100 - reportPercent;
        Color[] colors = new VaadinTheme().getColors();
        container.addContainerProperty("label", String.class, null);
        container.addContainerProperty("percent", Number.class, null);
        container.addContainerProperty("color", Color.class, null);
        Item report = container.addItem("report");
        report.getItemProperty("label").setValue(t("report") + " (" + new Double(reportCount).intValue() + "/" + new Double(allCount).intValue() + ")");
        report.getItemProperty("percent").setValue(reportPercent);
        report.getItemProperty("color").setValue(colors[4]);
        Item rest = container.addItem("rest");
        rest.getItemProperty("label").setValue(t("rest") + " (" + new Double(allCount - reportCount).intValue() + "/" + new Double(allCount).intValue() + ")");
        rest.getItemProperty("percent").setValue(restPercent);
        rest.getItemProperty("color").setValue(colors[3]);
        container.sort(new Object[]{"terrain_no"}, new boolean[]{true});
        return container;
    }

    protected IndexedContainer getReportRestContainer(Set<Terrain> restTerrains) throws Property.ReadOnlyException {
        IndexedContainer container = prepareReportContainer();
        for (Terrain terrain : restTerrains) {
            Item item = container.addItem(terrain.getId());

            item.getItemProperty("terrain_no").setValue(terrain.getNo());
            item.getItemProperty("terrain_name").setValue(terrain.getName());
            item.getItemProperty("terrain_type").setValue(terrain.getType());
            item.getItemProperty("notification_date").setValue(terrain.getLastNotificationDate());
            if (!terrain.getAssignments().isEmpty()) {
                item.getItemProperty("group").setValue(terrain.getAssignments().last().getOwner().getCaption());
            }
            item.getItemProperty("terrain_id").setValue(terrain.getId());
        }
        return container;
    }

    protected IndexedContainer getReportWorkContainer(Map<Terrain, TerrainWorkItem> itemsMap) throws Property.ReadOnlyException {
        IndexedContainer container = prepareReportContainer();
        for (Terrain terrain : itemsMap.keySet()) {
            TerrainWorkItem workItem = itemsMap.get(terrain);
            Item item = container.addItem(workItem.getId());

            item.getItemProperty("terrain_no").setValue(workItem.getNo());
            item.getItemProperty("terrain_name").setValue(workItem.getName() + " (" + workItem.getCount() + "x)");
            item.getItemProperty("terrain_type").setValue(workItem.getType());
            item.getItemProperty("notification_date").setValue(workItem.getDate());
            item.getItemProperty("group").setValue(workItem.getGroup());
            item.getItemProperty("terrain_id").setValue(workItem.getId());
        }
        container.sort(new Object[]{"terrain_no"}, new boolean[]{true});
        return container;
    }

    protected Map<Terrain, TerrainWorkItem> getWorkItemsMap(Set<TerrainNotification> notifications, TerrainType type) {
        Map<Terrain, TerrainWorkItem> itemsMap = new HashMap<>();
        for (TerrainNotification notification : notifications) {
            TerrainAssignment assignment = notification.getAssignment();
            Terrain terrain = assignment.getTerrain();
            TerrainWorkItem item = new TerrainWorkItem();
            item.setDate(notification.getDate());
            item.setGroup(assignment.getOwner().getCaption());
            item.setId(terrain.getId());
            item.setName(terrain.getName());
            item.setNo(terrain.getNo());
            item.setType(terrain.getType());
            if (itemsMap.containsKey(terrain)) {
                item.setCount(item.getCount() + itemsMap.get(terrain).getCount());
            }
            itemsMap.put(terrain, item);
        }
        return itemsMap;
    }

    protected Chart prepareReportChart(IndexedContainer container) {
        ContainerDataSeries ds = new ContainerDataSeries(container);
        ds.setYPropertyId("percent");
        ds.setNamePropertyId("label");
        ds.addAttributeToPropertyIdMapping("color", "color");
        ds.setName(t("status"));
        final Chart chart = new Chart();
        final Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        configuration.getChart().setType(ChartType.PIE);
        configuration.getTitle().setText(t("chart"));
        Tooltip tooltip = new Tooltip();
        tooltip.setValueDecimals(1);
        tooltip.setPointFormat("{point.y}%");
        configuration.setTooltip(tooltip);
        PlotOptionsPie plotOptions = new PlotOptionsPie();
        plotOptions.setAllowPointSelect(true);
        plotOptions.setCursor(Cursor.POINTER);
        configuration.setPlotOptions(plotOptions);
        configuration.setSeries(ds);
        chart.drawChart(configuration);
        chart.setWidth("450px");
        return chart;
    }

    protected Table prepareReportTable(IndexedContainer container) {
        Table table = new Table("", container);
        Converter dateConverter = new StringToDateConverter() {
            @Override
            protected DateFormat getFormat(Locale locale) {
                return DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, locale);
            }
        };
        table.setConverter("notification_date", dateConverter);
        table.setVisibleColumns(new Object[]{"terrain_type", "terrain_no", "terrain_name", "notification_date", "group", "terrain_id"});
        table.setColumnHeaders(t(new String[]{"table.type", "table.no", "table.name", "table.last_notification_date", "table.owner", "table.id"}));
        table.setWidth("740px");
        return table;
    }

    protected IndexedContainer prepareReportContainer() {
        IndexedContainer container = new IndexedContainer();
        container.addContainerProperty("terrain_no", Long.class, null);
        container.addContainerProperty("terrain_name", String.class, "");
        container.addContainerProperty("terrain_type", TerrainType.class, null);
        container.addContainerProperty("notification_date", Date.class, null);
        container.addContainerProperty("group", String.class, "");
        container.addContainerProperty("terrain_id", Long.class, null);
        return container;
    }

    protected ComboBox getGroupsCombo() throws UnsupportedFilterException {
        JPAContainer<ServiceGroup> groupsContainer = JPAContainerFactory.make(this.caEntities.getServiceGroupClass(), this.caEntityProviders.getServiceGroupEntityProvider().getEntityManager());
        groupsContainer.setEntityProvider(this.caEntityProviders.getServiceGroupEntityProvider());
        groupsContainer.addContainerFilter(eq("archival", false));
        final ComboBox groups = new ComboBox(t("group"), groupsContainer);
        groups.setConverter(new SingleSelectConverter<ServiceGroup>(groups));
        groups.setItemCaptionMode(AbstractSelect.ItemCaptionMode.PROPERTY);
        groups.setItemCaptionPropertyId("caption");
        return groups;
    }

    protected ComboBox getTypesCombo() {
        final ComboBox types = ComponentFactory.createEnumComboBox(t("type"), TerrainType.class);
        return types;
    }

    protected class TerrainWorkItem {

        private Long no;

        private String name;

        private TerrainType type;

        private Date date;

        private String group;

        private Long id;

        private Long count = 1l;

        public Long getNo() {
            return no;
        }

        public void setNo(Long no) {
            this.no = no;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public TerrainType getType() {
            return type;
        }

        public void setType(TerrainType type) {
            this.type = type;
        }

        public Date getDate() {
            return date;
        }

        public void setDate(Date date) {
            this.date = date;
        }

        public String getGroup() {
            return group;
        }

        public void setGroup(String group) {
            this.group = group;
        }

        public Long getId() {
            return id;
        }

        public void setId(Long id) {
            this.id = id;
        }

        public Long getCount() {
            return count;
        }

        public void setCount(Long count) {
            this.count = count;
        }

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I have actually checked out the web searching for the tool which can really track my campaigns and advertisements. Tracking will inform you a lot about what is not performing well and will eventually offer you a chance to improve your campaign.
ClickMagick is a web based app that will assist you to track and enhance your marketing efforts. At a fundamental level, it permits you to create tracking links and ClickMagick will show you who clicked on your links and (if setup correctly), which clicks caused sales.
Something you may wish to remember is that organic traffic originating from safe and secure websites (https) can not be identified – due to the fact that safe websites are not enabled to pass referrer info. For instance YouTube – all organic traffic from YouTube will be reported anonymously under "none".
It doesn't take a couple of minutes to create a timer. There are four various styles and 2 types (evergreen/cookie based or date-based|date-based or evergreen/cookie based). All you need to do is to copy and paste the code to anywhere – your web page, within a MagickPopup or MagickBar.
IP Lookup tool: Allows you to see the history and activity for any IP address. It reveals clicks, opt-ins, sales, along with a timestamp for each occasion and it is valuable when determining suspicious clicks.
If you like the whole community aspect of utilizing a tool like this, where you can trade guidance and possibly seek aid from other users…this one is for you.


California. Birthplace of the Frisbee, skateboard, television, canned tuna and (yup) fortune cookies has added another first to the list: California has become the first state in the nation to mandate the use of solar panels for new residential construction.
On May 9, 2018, the California Energy Commission (CEC) unanimously approved the state's 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. The 2019 Energy Efficiency Standards update the California Building Standards Codes found at Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations which are updated every three years. The 2019 Energy Efficiency Standards go into effect on January 1, 2020.
Under the new standards virtually all new single-family homes and multi-family residential buildings up to three stories, including condominiums and apartment complexes, will be required to incorporate rooftop solar panels. Photovoltaic (PV) systems will be required to have an electrical output equal to or greater than the dwelling's annual electrical use.
Where rooftop solar is impossible or impractical to implement in whole or in part given a dwelling's location or design constraints an exception to the rooftop solar requirements exists if the dwelling is part of a shared solar electric generation system (or other renewable electric generation system) and/or community shared battery storage system that provides dedicated power, utility energy reduction credits, or payments for energy bill reductions to the permitted building.
According to the CEC, single family homes built under the new 2019 Energy Efficiency Standards will use approximately 53 percent less energy than those under the 2016 standards and will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 700,000 metric tons over three years. Further, while it will increase the cost of constructing a new home by about $9,500, it should save $19,000 in energy and maintenance costs over 30 years.
In addition to new PV system requirements, the 2019 Energy Efficiency Standards also include updated thermal envelope standards (preventing heat transfer from the interior to exterior and vice versa), residential and nonresidential ventilation requirements, and nonresidential lighting requirements. For the first time, the standards also establish requirements for newly constructed healthcare facilities.


Applications are now open for the annual Emerging Curator Mentorship, supported by the Victorian Government through Creative Victoria and the City of Melbourne. BLINDSIDE invites applications from emerging curators to receive mentorship from Mark Feary, Artistic Director, Gertrude Contemporary, to develop a $4000 funded exhibition across BLINDSIDE's two gallery spaces in December 2019.
Through this exciting initiative the successful applicant will conceive and develop a critical group exhibition in both BLINDSIDE galleries in December 2019. The successful applicant will work closely with the mentor to carry out curatorial research, artistic exchange and project management. The project will develop over a number of months leading up to the exhibition, with support from both the mentor and additional support from the BLINDSIDE Board of Directors and Gallery Coordinator. The successful applicant will present a project that is considerate of context, time and relevance, engages with contemporary curatorial methodologies, and considers various artistic viewpoints.
Applicants are required to submit an application which outlines their proposed exhibition. Please keep in mind that proposals may present an exhibition framework, and possible outcomes, but do not need to be fully resolved as the exhibition will develop over time with assistance from the mentor.
Project support in the form of venue and exhibition budget of $4000 (to be used for artist fees, writers fees, and the production of an accompanying catalogue).
Mark Feary has worked within the visual art sector for fifteen years in a range of contemporary art centres, universities, museums and artist-led initiatives, with an emphasis on contemporary art and almost exclusively within the not-for-profit sector. Feary has worked in curatorial and programming roles at Australian Centre for Photography, Sydney; Artspace, Sydney; Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography; Centre for Contemporary Photography, Melbourne; and West Space, Melbourne.
BLINDSIDE is located on the seventh floor of the Nicholas Building, on the corner of Flinders Lane and Swanston Street in Melbourne's Central Business District. We have two gallery spaces and we accept applications for one or both of these spaces.
Gallery One is 40 square metres with a ceiling height of 3.4 metres. The north-facing wall is MDF. The other walls and floors are concrete.
Gallery Two is 25 square metres with a ceiling height of 3.4 metres. The west and south-facing walls of the gallery are MDF and the remaining walls are concrete.
Have a look at our GALLERY FLOOR PLANS for detailed measurements, as well as a 3D MODEL.
Please provide a brief description of your project. Max 50 words.
Please provide a link to your CV. See below for a number of free and easy content hosting services.
BLINDSIDE is funded by government arts funding sources and is often requested for information regarding our demographic of exhibitors. Please tick any box that you feel describes you. Please feel free to tick more than one box. Please note that this section will not affect your application in any way.
By clicking submit I agree for BLINDSIDE to use submitted text and support material to promote my project should my proposal be successful.
BLINDSIDE only accepts support material as an online weblink.
BLINDSIDE would prefer your support material to be uploaded via Google Drive.
Please note that Google Drive is our preferred online hosting platform. There are also a number of other free and easy to use third party hosting sites, most of which allow you to password protect material.
Applications will be assessed by the BLINDSIDE Artistic Directors following the proposal period. We will provide a response as to whether your application was successful no later than May. Please note due to the high volume of applications, BLINDSIDE is unable to provide feedback.


text:
Q: Storing Uploaded Images Without Running Out of Space I currently run an outdoor site and people have been asking me to add the ability to add photos from their hikes.  And it is an important feature for an outdoor site.  But I am afraid they will start uploading 100s of large images and I will quickly run out of space.
Is there a common and free solution to letting people upload images without having to buy a tonn of server storage space?
Thanks,
Alex

A: TINSTAAFL. That said, there are fairly cheap bulk file hosting solutions like Amazon S3.

A: There are many cloud-based file hosting sites.  The following is a partial, alphabetical list.  See their pricing and FAQ pages to determine if it will fit your needs.

*

*Amazon S3

*Rackspace Cloud Files
To mitigate issues related to size, you should consider processing the images before storing them.  Use server-based image tools to resize, reformat, and compress the images before putting them in storage.

*

*GD Graphics Library

*ImageMagick

A: Rather than letting them upload, just let them embed into your site, simply recommend an image uploading solution and then have short tutorial under the uploader on how to upload their photos, they simply copy the link over into a php form and your website displays them using a fraction of the resources.


text:
Q: CURL issue on new Server I am trying to curl the below location;
Curl::to('https://serp.webshed.co/')->enableDebug('/uploads/log/logFile.txt')->get();

When I load the URL directly in my browser it works fine, when I try curling it from my local dev it works fine. When I try and curl it from my actual system online it times out, the error I get is;
*   Trying 46.101.38.201...
* Connected to serp.webshed.co (46.101.38.201) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* Cipher selection: ALL:!EXPORT:!EXPORT40:!EXPORT56:!aNULL:!LOW:!RC4:@STRENGTH
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
*   CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
  CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
* Operation timed out after 0 milliseconds with 0 out of 0 bytes received
* Closing connection 0

Does anyone know what the issue could be?


Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124400.
Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124405.
Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124410.
Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124415.
Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124420.
Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124425.
Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124430.
Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124435.
Health and Safety Code - HSC Section 124440.


The PNC bank recently threatened one of their customers for purchasing bitcoin. The bank wanted to shut down the customer's account. This has been a story floating around the internet the last few days. The victim was Elitoohey. He elaborated on the situation in a Reddit post, saying the bank started by asking him questions about recent bitcoin purchases.
The banker wanted to know why he was purchasing bitcoin. The bank seemed to be concerned about him buying and owning the digital currency. They goaded him about his purchase and pried into his business.
The conversation escalated to the level of threats.
The banker went on to tell Toohey that their security team would "exit the relationship" with him if he did not provide them with information. Under their threats and pressure, Toohey relented. He provided them with information, because he appears to not want to close his account and change banks.
I relented and told him "for investment purposes" hoping to avoid needing to switch banks. He said he thinks that might satisfy them but that PNC Bank wants nothing to do with Bitcoin.
This story crops up as more news emerges of bankers and well known investors voice concerns about bitcoin and cryptocurrency. They are usually calling it a fraud as with the case of Jamie Dimon, or talking about how it is a bubble ready to pop in the case of Ray Dalio.
However, since some people in the cryptocurrency ecosystem believe bitcoin will undermine banks, it seems logical that bankers are pushing back against the technology.
What do you think about the bank threatening their customer? Do you think banks are worried about bitcoin? Let us know what you think in the comments below.


I'm at 30,000 ft over the Channel in a Ryan Air sky bucket trying to write some pearls of wisdom about mountain food. My friends are recounting tales of their past mountain menu disasters and it makes disturbing listening. Mark had it topped with his seven day Lake District backpacking trip carrying a tin of Irish stew and a boil in the can syrup sponge for each day until Vic confessed to having cycled across the Atlas Mountains eating only boiled rice every day – for 32 days!
Now dieticians everywhere might read this and weep but in my humble opinion there is one key feature of Mark and Vic's menu that is worth its salt in the mountains..... simplicity. If you watch a few episodes of 'Ramsey's Kitchen Nightmares' you'll see the gourmet god (or should that be gourmet gob!) constantly telling the brow beaten restauranteurs to "SIMPLIFY THEIR F*****G MENUS!" Well I'm advocating taking mountain food to the ultimate in simplicity by only taking one choice for breakfast and evening meal and a limited selection of day food - Gordon would be so proud!
Having said that, please don't be fooled into thinking I got to this point without serious research. In true Hester Blumenthal style I've eaten everything from powdered egg (yuk!) to sesame snacks (yum!), from dehydrated broccoli (yuk!) to Indian barfi (yum!). At the end of the day it boils down to one simple fact – for a mountain menu simplicity rules.
But before we talk food it's important to get a few other things out of the way….
In line with modern ultra light backpacking methods I use the single pan, zip lock bag, lightweight stove, insulating sleeve and plastic spoon approach. The stove I use varies on the seasons and activity but will currently be selected from a 'white box' meths stove, MSR pocket rocket, MSR wind pro or MSR whisperlite. The spoon is a simple lexan plastic model. The pan is an MSR titanium kettle with a homemade aluminium foil lid to replace the original (I use this kettle both for heating water and as a mug). Finally, the insulating sleeve is a piece of aluminiumised bubble wrap (available as radiator insulation from DIY shops) that's been duct taped into a ziplock sized envelope shape with a piece of stick on Velcro to hold it closed. You can leave this sleeve behind if you're really trying to shed weight but it does keep your food warmer for longer.
The aim of the whole system is to only need to heat water and therefore create no mess. At home I mix all the ingredients into good quality ziplock bags (I also 'double bag' the food bags and tape them into small parcels to stop them bursting) then all I need to do is add hot water to the bag, place it in the insulating sleeve and leave it for a minute – then the food will be ready to eat. Eat it from the ziplock and hey presto – no washing up.
My mum used to relate that old motto 'breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and eat dinner like a pauper' whenever I asked for second helpings of the evening meal (which was everyday). But, looking back, she did have a point (even though we were sitting in the kitchen rather than on a windswept mountain bivvy!). Eating a big meal at the end of a mountain day is a bad option as you are usually dehydrated, which suppresses your appetite and makes it hard to force down a big meal. Also, forcing your body to digest food while you sleep may affect the quality of your rest and will suppress your appetite at breakfast time. You really need to leave at least 3 hours between eating your meal and sleeping to allow digestion - but who is going to sit around waiting that long after you've slogged around the mountains all day and every cell in your aching body is crying out for sleep!
What you really need to do is to eat an 'uber' breakfast to kick start you in the morning and fuel your body and brain for all the activity and decisions you will need to make. It will also aid the rehydration process if you have a moisture rich meal.
Then over the course of the day try to keep blood sugar levels topped up by 'grazing'. This will keep you fuelled up with energy and will help prevent the 'sugar crash' which can affect performance (and may affect crucial decision making) at the end of a long day. Then, top the day off with a reasonable size evening meal and plenty of liquid.
I'm sure you know that water's very important – but not everyone's aware quite how much it can affect performance. A drop in body moisture content of only 3% will severely affect co-ordination, endurance and the ability to think clearly. When you consider that when you are active you can lose up to two and half litres of water an hour you can see that keeping hydrated is very important. Unfortunately, most climbers don't carry anywhere near enough liquid with them just because it would be too much weight. It does help if you 'super – hydrate' by drinking as much as you can before you start the days activities and make sure you rehydrate as much as you can at the end of the day. In between, just drink as much as possible and consider that it's really a false economy to not take enough water as you will quickly lose performance.
It's also worth considering what you drink. When you're travelling light boiling water for tea uses a lot of fuel (as well as tea acting as a diuretic). My solution is to only drink water during the day and flavoured energy drinks in the morning and evening. These can be made by heating water until hot rather than boiling which conserves a lot of fuel. There are loads of types on the market and they come in three broad types; energy drinks, rehydration drinks and recovery drinks. I'm currently addicted to High Five orange 'energy source' which is very drinkable but I doubt you'll go far wrong with any of them. I guess you could take a variety of types to suit different times of day (energy for brekkie, rehydration at the end of the day etc) but that doesn't suit our Ramsey style menu as there are too many options!
Okay then. That's enough techno babble (and thanks for bearing with me!) – it's food time!
Oats rule! But don't even consider your 15 minute simmer porridge oats here. The secret is those 'oat-so-simple' type products that can be cooked by just adding boiling water. These beauties come in several flavours and can be made even better by adding fruit and nuts, choccy chips, yogurt coated peanuts and raisins or a handful of those oat crunch type cereals.
Mix in some dried milk powder at home and all you need to do is add hot water, mix and leave for a minute in your insulating sleeve. Oats are great as they release their energy slowly over the morning and this stuff tastes yummy so it's very palatable when you wake up groggy and grumpy.
It's worth waking early enough to take a bit of time over breakfast so you aren't rushing straight into a days exertion as soon as you finish – a sure fire way to lose all those precious calories half way up the first pitch!
It's also worth bearing in mind that the oat feast I've just described is best suited to a tent, hut or snow hole breakfast. If you're bivvying on a long route you probably just want to get up and go. In this case breakfast will be most likely to consist of a few energy bars and as much liquid as you can stomach. If you heat up some water and add your energy source powder to it the night before you can sleep with it in your sleeping bag and it will be a reasonable temperature to drink in the morning. A caffeinated energy gel at this time also works well if you can face it. The beauty of this breakfast is that it can all be eaten from the warmth of your sleeping bag too!
What I carry for day food depends on what I'm doing but when I'm climbing or mountaineering I don't usually stop for lunch. Instead I 'graze' by eating a small amount at regular intervals. For this approach there are lots of obvious options such as peanuts, dried fruits, flapjack and a host of other 'mainstream' items and they all do the job. For my money malt loaf and snickers bars are hard to beat for energy content, palatability and value. There are also some less obvious choices that are worth discussing in a bit more detail…….
Purpose made 'energy bars' are now very widely available and despite being fairly expensive they are great for providing a gradual energy release well suited to mountain sports. The best way to find ones which suit you is to try them out but I really like the chocolate covered High Five sports bars, SIS go bars and Harvest Power Bars. When they first came out I also got hopelessly addicted to the original berry flavoured Power Bars but I got put off them after one winter's day when I got one out of my rucksack and found it frozen solid. Although a combination of sucking and licking gradually provided a few calories it was a long and hungry day! The king of energy bars is undoubtedly the 'Clif Bar'. These puppies fuel you well and taste gorgeous but unfortunately they only seem to be available in the States at the moment. Take a spare suitcase to bring some back on your next trip to Yosemite.
Energy gels are also useful but I've never really got on with them. Despite exotic names like tropical they all seem to just taste like a dodgy laboratory creation (that's a polite description!) which makes eating them a real chore. It is worth carrying a couple as an energy boost at the end of a long day and the ones with caffeine in can help give a mental boost to flagging concentration too.
Finally, my friend Phill introduced me to carrying a little stock of sweets on long days out. They are a great pick-me up and whenever I climb with him he always has some and invariably greets me with one as I flop exhaustedly onto the belay ledge. The best option is something like boiled sweets because sucking them takes a while and gives you something to take your mind off the boredom of belay duty. Having said that, those Lucozade Sport glucose tablets are a yummy alternative but they are so nice you'll get through a packet in no time.
After a long day you really want a tasty meal that you can look forward too. It also needs to be easy to prepare and energy rich – bring on the humble noodle! But this wouldn't be a Ramsey worthy article without some serious menu meddling…..
First, all noodles are not created equally. For me 'Super Noodles' are the perfect bivvy food because they will cook just by adding very hot water to them (doesn't need to be boiling) and the portions are generous. So, step one is to break some of these up into a ziplock bag.
Next, add some good quality thick soup powder such as 'Cup-a-Soup' to the bag (minestrone and cream of vegetable are my favourites). Now you have a tasty sauce to go with your noodles that will work far better than the dodgy little flavour sachets that come with them.
After that you can add extras if you want. Dried croutons are great. Pine nuts have a lot of calories. A couple of those little snack size cheeses or some pepperami can be carried separately to slice into the bag. Even a few of those mini butter portions you get in cafes can be added to boost the fat content of your meal. If you can carry it a chunk of bread goes really well with this meal and helps mop up the liquid at the bottom of the bag.
And of course preparation couldn't be simpler. All you need to do is add the hot water to the ziplock bag, leave in your insulating sleeve for a minute and you're done. I tend to add plenty of water to create a sort of noodly soup that's very easy to eat and tastes great whilst also helping to rehydrate you.
Oh yes. And peanut M&M's for dessert – perfect.
The beauty of this menu is you can vary the flavour and additions to the breakfast, alter the day food by changing the types of snack food and alter the evening meal by changing the soup and adding different things to it but it's still all based around one choice for each course.
So there we go. I did promise one menu to rule them all. It doesn't get any simpler than that does it Gordon? Just send me that F*****G Michelin star!


September 21, 2009 "What I wish for in the real world is to have those kingly feasts that they have at Hogwarts," Jon says. "I surmise that really posh boarding schools high up in the Swiss Alps might have such well-appointed five-course meals. In the real world, ordinary meals at school would definitely be midway between the Hogwarts feasts and (hopefully) the gruel that the little orphan Oliver had to down."
Through talking with a lot of parents and of course being one, Jon learned that it is a challenge to get food ready for school. Lunches have to be made of sturdy food that will not spoil by noon and it has to be palatable even without reheating. And of course, you have to come up with something that piques your child's interest, he says. "A standard default is packing fruit like apples (which do not bruise terribly easily), but depending on your wee one's lunch box, you can include as exotic a fruit as he or she may eat and enjoy," he adds.
Jon says one good lunch option is a sandwich, preferably with wheat bread.
"Growing up with circumnavigating poverty in the pool (Liverpool) a sandwich commonly referred to as a "butty" was inexpensive, and often part of my daily lunch for school," Jon says. "Most days it would be smeared with strawberry jam. If we ran out of jam it would be a sugar butty. I am still today fond of a Jam Butty occasionally. In fact, my daughter Victoria Mei has found a young love for it too."
However, times may be difficult, but are a little more affluent than back then, Jon says. So in honor of the four houses of Hogwarts, he has come up with four sandwich ideas that you can wrap up for "your beloved wee-ones." And maybe your kids aren't the only ones with enough sense to bring a packed lunch, he adds.
Jon Ashton began his story in the cold, gray port city of Liverpool, which earned its spot on the world map thanks to the Beatles. As a young lad, he learned about the joy of cooking through his grandmother's warm, cottage kitchen. Creating recipes with Granny Ashton opened the door to home economic classes at school where Jon became further intrigued by the art. Although schoolmates bullied him for being one of the few boys in class, he persisted and quickly realized cooking was his passion.
In 1994 Jon graduated from St. Helens College in Great Britain and worked in several noted restaurants including the Derby Lodge Hotel's French restaurant and as Sous Chef at The Kirkfield Hotel's restaurant. Jon's success and flair in the kitchen soon gave way to appearances on British cooking shows including the nationally syndicated "TV Dinners" where audiences fell in love with his wit, charisma and genuine love of food. Soon, America discovered him and Jon was featured in publications from New York to California. America was calling and Jon knew he had to answer. So, with $2,000 in his pocket he left everything he knew and traveled to America, eventually landing in Florida.
Jon quickly began producing and starring in his own local access TV show, which aired in Disney's town of Celebration. Soon after, Jon took a position as the regular mid-day chef at Orlando's FOX affiliate station and found himself appearing on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" a short year later. His telegenic persona earns regular appearances on the "TODAY Show". He is currently the food correspondent of the nationally syndicated Morning Show "The Daily Buzz", seen in over 160 stations. He is also the in-house Chef for Relish Magazine, with over 12 million readers. Jon can be seen on ABC, NBC, CBS and FOX affiliates across the nation as he travels doing media tours and presentations.
No matter what Jon does he remembers his grandmother's wise words; to share with others. Jon loves working with kids and is committed to improving the eating choices of young people in America. As an obese child himself, he fully understands the struggles and challenges of being overweight. In 2007 alone, Jon had the opportunity to impact the lives of 50,000 children across the nation. It's his way of thanking America for opening their doors to him.


Robinson Trenching and Directional Boring, Inc is a family owned and incorporated business that is located in Indianapolis, Indiana. Being in business for 50 years, we have built relationships throughout the state and Midwest that keep our business supplying underground utility needs.
Customer service is our number one priority. Safety and environmentally friendly practices are something we preach daily. Continuously evolving year after year helps our team strive for efficient and quality work.


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Rules and Fun
While most video games appear to be complicated reflex tests to outsiders, from the inside they often feel like exercises in problem-solving. As critics like Stephen Johnson have noted, the feature that differentiates modern video games from other games is the fact that the rules of a video game are learned as one plays, rather than stated at the outset. The player progresses in a game by learning the rules that govern the character's abilities in the gameworld: first "if you press A you will jump," and then "if you jump you can reach the next platform" and then so on. As Johnson notes, learning to master an escalatingly complicated set of rules and apply them to new situations is often really difficult, but it is also intrinsically pleasurable. Not all games are about producing this kind of experience, but the uniqueness of this type of pleasure to video games raises the question: Why do we enjoy learning rules so much?
Johnson's thesis is that our capacity to comprehend constant (or rule-like) features of our outside world and social world conferred an evolutionary advantage on humanity in our ascent from the primates to humans. His view overlaps with that of another philosophical naturalist, Aristotle: "for the exercise of every sense is attended with pleasure, and so is the exercise of reason and the speculative faculty; and it is pleasantest when it is most complete, and it is most complete when the faculty is well-trained and the object is the best of those that fall under this faculty." (Nicomachean Ethics X, 4, emphasis added)
The German Idealist philosopher Immanuel Kant offers another explanation of our enthusiasm for rules. Kant's Critique of Judgment holds that our aesthetic judgments come from our appreciation of the form of beautiful objects. Sweet sounds and colors may make an artwork superficially appealing, but our sense of beauty is keyed to the way that these elements are combined: "the charm of colors, or the agreeable tones of instruments, may be added: the the design in the former and the composition of the latter constitute of the proper object of the pure judgment of taste." (§14) (We can think of this form as the embodiment of a rule, because what rules do is impose a determinate form on unorganized matter.) Kant further argues that it is not just any form whatsoever that inspires aesthetic pleasure; rather, it is our perception that the form of the object has has been shaped in accord with some end. Kant thought this idea explained the delight we take in natural beauty; when we regard a beautiful scene in nature our sense of its beauty is tied to our sense that this nature has been formed according to a intentional plan: "there is in our admiration of nature which in her beautiful products displays herself as art, not mere matter of chance, but, as it were, designedly according to a law-directed arrangement, and as finality." (§42) Though we know that nature is not really designed to inspire this pleasure in us, and would not be so beautiful if it was, we take a distinct pleasure-- a "disinterested" pleasure-- in the mere apprehension of intelligibility in the world and in art.
I think Kant's explanation of the pleasure we take in the perception of rules can help explain what makes video games compelling. We do not only learn rules during a game but also find out what these rules are for: our uptake of these rules is also the act of learning the design to which these rules are being put. The pleasure of video games, it seems to me, comes from our sense that we are collaborating in the realization of the designer's intentions by learning those rules. When she makes a game-world governed by certain laws, the designer is inviting a player to share an intention with her and participate in the realization of some end. Our appreciation of these rules is like the appreciation of nature in this way. We enjoy perceiving a world shaped by an intelligence towards a final end.
Sometimes this end is just he sheer pleasure of doing the actions the game's rules allow: killing zombies, flipping out on ninjas, and so forth. Sometimes this end is a story told through the player's actions: saving the Princess or vanquishing the dragon Orochi. Games are at their best when they combine these ends together. As long as games continue to offer such experiences they will have a permanent place in our cultural life, because the pleasure they inspire is as old as our minds.
Posted by Iroquois Pliskin at 1:19 AM
I think your idea about the pleasure of participating or helping to realize a designer's intention explains part of the attraction to video games. But I also think there's a simpler attraction, and an especially potent one for certain segments of the gaming populace: the mere existance of clear, consistant, genuinely "learnable" rules at all. The clarity and fixedness of rules in the video game universe contrasts with the confusing, opaque, and seemingly ever-changing "rules"/norms of social interaction in the real world. This may help to explain why video games have historically attracted a particularly large and loyal fanbase among adolescents, especially slightly-socially-inept teenage boys (sorry for the stereotype--clearly, this is not the *only* type of gamer). I'm no psychologist, but it seems like the predictable, learnable, and transparent rule structures commonly found in (and in some respects, shared across) video games hold a particularly strong and compelling appeal for players who feel a bit lost or confused when dealing with the convoluted and shifting "rules" that shape and color actual human interactions. As a girl, and for the most part a non-gamer, I'm probably somewhat out of my depth here. But to draw a weak analogy with a far darker and more destructive phenomenon: I had a lot of female friends who developed eating disorders in high school, partly as a sort of coping mechanism. Basically, in addition to wanting to lose weight, they were trying to create an area of their lives where they had clear and strict rules about how to act, and they could achieve a feeling of total control by behaving "sucesfully" according to the laws of that regime. Obviously, video gaming is not some insidious, potentially deadly disease, but I think for some players it might provide a similar escape from a confusing, sometimes morally disorienting social environment.
Steve the Creep said...
Kant? Wow. My college ethics class all over again.
It's funny to me that you linked Half Life 2 on this because the whole time I was thinking about Portal. I still consider that one of the most perfect games ever recreated specifically from the rules aspect. Have you every played through with the commentary on? The designers talk in detail about how each room is set up to teach you another rule. The very first portals are set up so you can watch yourself walk through and understand that if you go in one, you come out the other. And then it gradually gets more and more complicated from there.
I might be getting my Kant messed up with my Plato, but when you're talking about Forms, you're talking about the way things should be. The ham radio should work so you can call the space police and have the meteor arrested. So there's a pleasure recieved from making things work the way they should.
Though I do have to agree with the previous commentor that teenage boys live in a world where they are told "rules" that don't always work out correctly when followed. Especially when it comes to the opposite sex. Hell, I'm supposidly an adult male and I still can't figure out those rules.
Video games give that instant gratification. If you destroy the monster generator, no more ghosts will attack you. It's plain and simple, and it works. No waiting for results. No interpretation. Just question and answer. Then you get to go to the next level or advance your character or maybe even get some xBox Achievement points you can show off to your friends who don't really care.
That's definitely an interesting take on Kant. I'm curious, though: you mention "[t]he pleasure of video games, it seems to me, comes from our sense that we are collaborating in the realization of the designer's intentions by learning those rules. When she makes a game-world governed by certain laws, the designer is inviting a player to share an intention with her and participate in the realization of some end." But where does that account for emergent gameplay in sandbox-style games like GTA-IV? Designer intentionality is gone from these scenarios (unless you were to argue that the designer intended the emergent gameplay to... emerge).
In these games, players leverage a game's mechanics (explore the rules) to some creative end. Kant argues for an appreciation of form (ostensibly an Objectivist, idealized one) but this does not allow for the creativity required to produce the emergent gameplay on the part of the player.
On a totally unrelated point, your profile says you're in the Boston area (and your visiting Harmonix in Cambridge kind of shores up that statement). I'm a game developer in the Boston area and I've been asking friends in the industry if they know who you are. No one knows but they all enjoy your blog! We have frequent conversations covering much of what your blog touches upon and enjoy your insight. We'd like to involve you in the discussions, too. If you're interested, drop me a line at this [throw-away] address:
accountwotdontmatter [at] gmail [dot] com
Keep up the awesome posts!
Thanks for all the comments everyone!
@anon1: I think this is a really interesting point about adolescence and learning rules. It seems to me that when we learn the rules and codes of mature social interaction as adolescents we also in the process of making an identity for ourselves, and these two activities are connected. Interestingly, there are a lot of popular Japanese games that are basically simulations of the hurdles of maturation: dating, teenage social life, and sex. (Based on what I hear from Michael Abbot, the game Persona 3 is half social-maturity simulator and half demon-slaying RPG.)
@Steve: I LOVED the developer commentary in Portal and Half-Life 2 for the reasons you cite. It's just really interesting to hear how the developers went about conveying the game's rules to you, and learning the craft of it.
Your point about instant gratification is interesting too. On one hand (unlike real life) every game problem has a solution, one that is ready at hand in most cases. On the other hand games can be really challenging to figure out and leave much of the work up to the player. (Portal is a great example of this)
@anon2: I think that you're totally right that this model breaks down some when you try to explain emergent gameplay. (It works best for games like Metroid, Zelda, and Shadow of the Colossus, I think)
The first response that comes to mind is that sandbox games offer the player a wide range problems and also a lot of leeway in devising (often unforseen) solutions to those problems. Pulling this off seems to require some good and deliberate design too. In that sense the player needs a good set of rules to be free. (there's a Kantian thought)
Cristin said...
but, iroquois pliskin (which i thought was a geologic strata until i googled it. should have known) couldn't anon1 offer a provisional answer to anon2? (and is anon1 my sister? spill). that is, when i started reading this post, i was waiting for you to get to freud and something about the pleasures of repetition or maybe the fort/da game. Basically, it seems that there's another explanation for the pleasurableness of discovering that your world is lawful or regular, aside from the deduction (induction?) that therefore your world is designed (by a God, divine ore digital). Rather, maybe the pleasure we derive rules isn't so much consciously intellectual--in taking comfort that the world's designedness indicates a designer--but a pleasure better described as metabolic--the blooming, buzzing confusion of the world produces anxiety in us, which we may reduce or dispel by performing actions that time and again produce the result we expect, thus demonstrating to us that in fact we can master the world, contain the chaos. thinking about rules and pleasure this way, in terms of anxiety and the creative mastery of formlessness seems to pretty well describe the adolescent anorectic and the oscar wao sandbox game enthusiast. no?
On the discussion of how a learnable set of unbroken rules is attractive to the 'slightly socially inept' demographic:
How do players who cheat the rules of the game through glitches(using flat objects in Half Life 2 to fly, beating an AA Wraith pilot to death in Halo 3 to drive his vehicle, as opposed to actual hacks) play into this discussion? Initially, it seems to me that they either defy the demographic of people who play to experience the transparency and unchanging nature of games, or that they are simply a more specific subset of this hypothetical demographic. It could be argued that glitches like the ones mentioned above are simply a highly specified species of rules that are not normally taught or intended by the designers. Just as many children gain pleasure from reading ahead in their history textbook, or finding the exception or shortcut that their teacher didn't tell them about (as with the story of Carl Friedrich Gauss in third grade), players who search for and use glitches could be thought of as simply attempting to advance the class a bit beyond what the developers had planned. It is certainly evident that the interesting and often beneficial effects of a glitch (soaring like a bird above the canalworks, finding a new an pretty powerful vehicle) provide a great enough reward for attempting to learn the 'hidden rules'.
Lasering Dudes is a Sport
The Compact
Trash, Art, and the Games
I Talk with my Roommate about Glider Et Al.
A Positive Notice from Poland
Pacing and Horror
Step-Ladders and Demon-Traps
O Tempora! O Mores! (pt. 2)
Gamers are Maximizers of Utility
Jazz and American Game Design
Gaming Tshirts I have Known
Three Artists in Okami
A Letter From my Brother
How Long 'Till Stairway?
The Final Exam
I Talk with my Ladyfriend about our Mutual Love of...
Everyday is a Shooter
Playing it Wrong
Easy Choices
I Asked Harmonix about Note Tracking, and Here's W...
Live from the Fetid Cloaca of Allston Mass! It's ...
The Game Designer as Malignant Demon


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Inden for grammatik (og generelt i lingvistik) bruger man begrebet grammatisk køn eller genus om et system af klasser, hvori navneord inddeles i efter deres bøjningsmønstre og kongruens i visse sprog. Det køn, som et navneord tilhører, bestemmer, hvordan ordet – og de andre ord der måtte være tilknyttet det (stedord, tillægsord osv.) – skal bøjes. Det betyder altså, at det, der gør, at ord tilhører det samme køn – "er af hankøn" eller "er af hunkøn" (osv.) – er, at de bøjes efter de samme mønstre eller kræver, at tilhørende stedord eller tillægsord antager samme former.

Grammatisk køn er principielt helt uafhængigt af det semantiske køn (også kendt som logisk køn, biologisk køn eller seksus), og selv om der i visse sprog godt kan være tendenser i retning af en systematisk sammenhæng, så er grammatisk køn ofte helt uden forbindelse til, hvad ordet henviser til. Således er fx tysk Mädchen intetkøn, selv om det betyder "pige".

Klasser af navneord

De fleste indoeuropæiske sprog (dog ikke engelsk) har et grammatisk kønssystem – som hovedregel med to eller tre klasser. Der findes også afrikanske sprog (særligt bantusprog), som har et højere antal klasser. I de tilfælde taler man ikke om køn, men bruger i stedet navneordsklasser, og de bliver holdt adskilt ved nummerering.

Indoeuropæiske sprog

I de indoeuropæiske sprog omfatter kønnene typisk femininum (hunkøn), maskulinum (hankøn) og neutrum (intetkøn). Sprog som latin, tysk, færøsk og islandsk har stadig disse tre køn, men i mange moderne sprog og deriblandt det latinske sprogs efterkommere (f.eks. fransk og spansk) er intetkøn næsten fuldstændigt forsvundet. I andre sprog er hun- og hankøn smeltet sammen til et fælleskøn. Det gælder f.eks. flere af de skandinaviske sprog. I atter andre sprog kan de oprindelige opdelinger være yderligere opsplittet: tjekkisk opdeler hankøn i levende og ikke-levende.

I almindelige ord står det grammatiske køn ofte i direkte forbindelse med det reelle køn. På spansk er ordet hijo (søn) hankøn, mens hija (datter) er hunkøn, som man kunne forvente. Det kaldes naturligt køn eller logisk køn. Omvendt er der ofte indviklede og tilmed modsigelsesfyldte regler for ords grammatiske køn. På tysk er ord, som ender på -ung (hvad der svarer til "-ing" på dansk), altid hunkøn, mens bilmærkers navne altid er hankøn. Ord, der ender på -lein eller -chen (der betyder –lille) altid intetkøn, hvad der fører til, at Mädchen (lille frøken → pige) er intetkøn.

De gamle romere og deres nutidige, romansktalende efterkommere anser solen for at være hankøn, mens månen skal være hunkøn (jf. udtrykket "fru Luna"). De germanske stammer og vi, som er deres nutidige efterkommere, mener, at det er lige modsat (jf. udtrykket "manden i Månen"). Derfor er sproglige nybegyndere nødt til at betragte det grammatiske køn som noget, der er knyttet til ordet og ikke til den genstand, ordet betegner.

I de indoeuropæiske sprog, der tildeler navneord et køn, svarer dette ofte til bestemte bøjningssystemer. På latin er næsten alle ord i første bøjning hunkøn, når de ender på -a. De vigtigste undtagelser er nogle få ord, som betegner typisk mandlige roller, som nauta = "sømand" eller agricola = "landmand". Tilsvarende er næsten alle ord hankøn og omfattet af anden bøjning, når de ender på -us i navnefald (nominativ), mens ord på -um er intetkøn. Navne på steder og træer er dog hunkøn, som f.eks. ulmus = "elm" og Ægyptus = "Ægypten".

Dansk
Oprindelig havde dansk som de øvrige skandinaviske sprog tre køn – hankøn, hunkøn og intetkøn – men allerede i middelalderen begyndte hankøn og hunkøn at falde sammen i fælleskøn, og dansk rigsmål har derfor i dag to køn – fælleskøn (fx en bil) og intetkøn (fx et hus). Rigsmålet er baseret på københavnsk, hvor sammenfald mellem hankøn og hunkøn ses så tidligt som 1500-tallet, men mange danske dialekter har bevaret et trekønssystem helt op til vore dage, således fx vendelbomål og bornholmsk (og i lidt ældre tid de fleste ømål). Vestjysk skiller sig omvendt ud ved kun at have ét køn, idet intetkøn her faldt sammen med fælleskøn (en huws, en bijl).

Langt de fleste navneord på dansk har blot ét køn, men der findes dog visse ord, der har to køn, undertiden med betydningsforskel. Således kan fx flute, kompliment og insulin både være fælleskøn (en flute, en kompliment, insulinen) og intetkøn (et flute, et kompliment, insulinet), dog uden at der er nogen betydningsforskel mellem de to former. Omvendt forholder det sig med ord som jalousi, vår og studie, som også kan være begge køn, men med betydningsforskel. Jalousien er en følelse (skinsyge), men et jalousi er en vinduesskærm af tynde lister; våren er foråret, men et vår er et overtræk til puder og dyner; og en studie er et kunstnerisk eller akademisk arbejde af undersøgende natur, medens et studie enten kan være et lokale til optagelse af lyd, video m.m. eller et fag, som studeres.

Andre sprog

Andre sprog har køn, som ikke har spor med biologisk køn at gøre, hvor f.eks. Ojibwa i stedet skelner mellem det levende og det ikke-levende. Også i denne sproggruppe er inddelingen helt vilkårlig, hvad der kan ses af, at "hindbær" regnes for levende, mens "jordbær" anses for at være ikke-levende.

Sprog uden navneord med kønsmarkering

Disse sprog kan deles i to undergrupper. Den første har stadig tydeligt adskilte køn, men forskellen markeres gennem ændringer i tilknyttede ord – det være sig tillægsord, stedord eller af og til sågar udsagnsord – men ikke hos navneordene selv. Tysk er et eksempel på sprog af denne type, for de fleste navneord røber ikke deres køn direkte, men f.eks. gennem bestemte former af kendeord (artikler) eller tillægsord, som ordene kræver. Ordet Mond (= "måne") er hankøn, men det kan ikke ses direkte. Først når man sætter det sammen med andre ord, afsløres det grammatiske køn: det hedder der Mond (= "månen") og dem hellen Mond (= "for den lyse måne").

Den anden gruppe af sprog har slet ikke grammatisk køn. Et eksempel på dette har man i engelsk, hvor hverken navneord eller udsagnsord har markører, der viser ordets køn. Ordet boy er selvfølgelig semantisk set hankøn, og ordet girl hunkøn, men såvel den bestemte artikel the som tillægsordet tall ("høj") er uændret, uanset hvilket af de to navneord, de er knyttet til. Men selv i sådanne sprog, der ikke opererer med grammatisk køn for navneord, har de personlige stedord ofte helt forskellige former afhængigt af den nævnte persons naturlige køn, idet man vil bruge he ("han") til at vise tilbage til the boy, men she ("hun") til at vise tilbage til the girl. En undtagelse udgør dog sprog som fx finsk, bruger stedordet hän ("han/hun"), uanset om der vises tilbage til en dreng eller en pige.

De kønsmarkerede stedord varierer meget fra sprog til sprog: der findes sprog, som har forskellige stedord i tredje person for at kunne skelne mellem mennesker og ikke-levende genstande. Det gælder f.eks. både ungarsk og finsk, men selv den skelnen bliver ofte udeladt i det talte finsk. Andre sprog som f.eks. japansk har en bred vifte af personlige stedord, som gør det muligt at markere, hvordan den omtalte person står socialt i forhold til den talende.

Det bør understreges, at der sagtens kan findes klare, leksikale markeringer af det naturlige køn i sprog, som ellers ikke har grammatisk kønsmarkering. Det måske mest kendte eksempel ses i esperanto, hvor ordleddet -in- kan bruges til at ændre ethvert ord for et hankønsvæsen, så det i stedet betegner det tilsvarende hunkønsvæsen. Ordet patro (= "far") ændres til patrino (= "mor"). Endelsen forekommer meget ofte, og det får nogen til – fejlagtigt – at tro, at den er markør for grammatisk køn.

Personnavne

Personnavne har ofte kulturtypiske former, der markerer den nævntes køn. Som et eksempel kan nævnes det oprindeligt hebraiske navn Johannes, der antager vidt forskellige former i forskellige kulturer:
 Sean/Sioned (keltisk)
 John/Jane (germansk)
 Juan/Joanna (romansk)
Dette drejer sig dog igen om det naturlige og ikke nødvendigvis det grammatiske køn.

Sprog uden markering af grammatisk køn
 Afrikaans
 Engelsk
 Esperanto
 Estisk
 Finsk
 Japansk
 Kinesisk
 Koreansk
 Tyrkisk
 Ungarsk
 Persisk

Sprog med markering af grammatisk køn
 Arabisk
 Dansk
 Fransk
 Frisisk
 Græsk
 Hebraisk
 Hollandsk
 Italiensk
 Latin
 Lettisk
 Litauisk
 Norsk
 Polsk
 Portugisisk
 Russisk
 Slovakisk
 Slovensk
 Sorbisk
 Spansk
 Svensk
 Tjekkisk
 Tysk

To grammatiske køn

Hankøn og hunkøn
 Arabisk
 Fransk
 Hebraisk
 Italiensk
 Lettisk
 Litauisk
 Spansk
 Portugisisk
 Walisisk

Fælleskøn og intetkøn
 Dansk
 Frisisk
 Hollandsk
 Svensk

Levende og ikke-levende
Mange amerikanske sprog som f.eks. Navajo

Tre grammatiske køn

Hankøn, hunkøn og intetkøn
 Græsk
 Færøsk
 Islandsk
 Hollandsk
 Latin
 Norsk (bokmål)
 Norsk (nynorsk)
 Oldgræsk
 Polsk
 Rumænsk
 Russisk
 Slovakisk
 Slovensk
 Sorbisk
 Tjekkisk
 Tysk
 Vendelbomål og mange andre danske dialekter

Flere end tre grammatiske køn
Mange afrikansk sprog (f.eks. bantusproggruppen, swahili, zulu og de nordkaukasiske sprog) I visse tilfælde er "kønnene" så talrige, at man normalt kalder dem for navneordsklasser, særligt da hankøn og hunkøn ofte er underordnet ordklassen "person" enten generelt eller i flertal. Dette ses bl.a. i de nordkaukasiske sprog og i nogle af de dravidiske sprog.

Noter

Litteratur
 Charles F. Hockett, A Course in Modern Linguistics, Macmillan, 1958
 Greville G. Corbett, Gender, Cambridge University Press, 1991 – En omfattende undersøgelse af grammatisk køn i 200 sprog.

Grammatik

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Теннілл () — місто () в США, в окрузі Вашингтон штату Джорджія. Населення —  осіб (2010).

Географія
Теннілл розташований за координатами  (32.936563, -82.813233).  За даними Бюро перепису населення США в 2010 році місто мало площу 4,62 км², з яких 4,59 км² — суходіл та 0,04 км² — водойми.

Демографія

Згідно з переписом 2010 року, у місті мешкало  осіб у 625 домогосподарствах у складі 402 родин. Густота населення становила 333 особи/км².  Було 801 помешкання (173/км²).

Расовий склад населення:

До двох чи більше рас належало 1,8 %. Частка іспаномовних становила 1,2 % від усіх жителів.

За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 28,0 % — особи молодші 18 років, 56,3 % — особи у віці 18—64 років, 15,7 % — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Медіана віку мешканця становила 37,4 року. На 100 осіб жіночої статі у місті припадало 83,4 чоловіків;  на 100 жінок у віці від 18 років та старших — 72,6 чоловіків також старших 18 років.

Середній дохід на одне домашнє господарство  становив  доларів США (медіана — ), а середній дохід на одну сім'ю —  доларів (медіана — ). Медіана доходів становила  доларів для чоловіків та  доларів для жінок. За межею бідності перебувало 36,7 % осіб, у тому числі 57,9 % дітей у віці до 18 років та 25,3 % осіб у віці 65 років та старших.

Цивільне працевлаштоване населення становило 526 осіб. Основні галузі зайнятості: освіта, охорона здоров'я та соціальна допомога — 27,0 %, роздрібна торгівля — 13,7 %, виробництво — 11,8 %.

Примітки

Джерела

Міста Джорджії
Населені пункти округу Вашингтон (Джорджія)