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Sat, 11 Apr 2020 20:48:44 GMT
13.4: Spin-up of Cyclonic Rotation
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Meteorology & Climate Science
Book: Practical Meteorology (Stull)
13: Extratropical Cyclones
Contributed by Roland Stull
Professor & Director, Geophysical Disaster Computational Fluid Dynamics Center at University of British Columbia
13.4.1. Vorticity Tendency Equation
13.4.2. Quasi-Geostrophic Approximation
13.4.3. Application to Idealized Weather Patterns
Cyclogenesis is associated with: (a) upward motion, (b) decreasing surface pressure, and (c) increasing vorticity (i.e., spin-up). You can gain insight into cyclogenesis by studying all three characteristics, even though they are intimately related (Fig. 13.22). Let us start with vorticity.
Figure 13.22 Attributes of cyclogenesis. Updrafts remove air molecules from near the ground, which lowers surface pressure. The pressure gradient drives winds, which rotate due to Coriolis force.
The equation that forecasts change of vorticity with time is called the vorticity tendency equation. We can investigate the processes that cause cyclogenesis (spin up; positive-vorticity increase) and cyclolysis (spin down; positive-vorticity decrease) by examining terms in the vorticity tendency equation. Mountains are not needed for these processes.
The change of relative vorticity ζr over time (i.e., the spin-up or vorticity tendency) can be predicted using the following equation:
\(\ \begin{align} \tag{13.9}\end{align}\)
Positive vorticity tendency indicates cyclogenesis.
Figure 13.23 Illustration of processes that affect vertical vorticity (see eq. 13.9). An additional drag process is shown in the next column.
Figure 13.23 (part 2) Illustration of a turbulent-drag process that causes spin-up.
Vorticity Advection: If the wind blows air of greater vorticity into your region of interest, then this is called positive vorticity advection (PVA). Negative vorticity advection (NVA) is when lower-vorticity air is blown into a region. These advections can be caused by vertical winds and horizontal winds (Fig. 13.23a).
Stretching: Consider a short column of air that is spinning as a vortex tube. Horizontal convergence of air toward this tube will cause the tube to become taller and more slender (smaller diameter). The taller or stretched vortex tube supports cyclogenesis (Fig. 13.23b). Conversely, horizontal divergence shortens the vortex tube and supports cyclolysis or anticyclogenesis. In the first and second lines of eq. (13.9) are the stretching terms for Earth's rotation and relative vorticity, respectively. Stretching means that the top of the vortex tube moves upward away from (or moves faster than) the movement of the bottom of the vortex tube; hence ∆W/∆z is positive for stretching.
Beta Effect: Recall from eq. (11.35) in the General Circulation chapter that we can define β = ∆fc/∆y. Beta is positive in the N. Hemisphere because the Coriolis parameter increases toward the north pole (see eq. 13.2). If wind moves air southward (i.e., V = negative) to where fc is smaller, then relative vorticity ζr becomes larger (as indicated by the negative sign in front of the beta term) to conserve potential vorticity (Fig. 13.23c).
Tilting Terms: (A & B in eq. 13.9) If the horizontal winds change with altitude, then this shear causes vorticity along a horizontal axis. (C in eq. 13.9) Neighboring up- and down-drafts give horizontal shear of the vertical wind, causing vorticity along a horizontal axis. (A-C) If a resulting horizontal vortex tube experiences stronger vertical velocity on one end relative to the other (Fig. 13.23d), then the tube will tilt to become more vertical. Because spinning about a vertical axis is how we define vorticity, we have increased vorticity via the tilting of initially horizontal vorticity.
Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) communicates frictional forces from the ground to the whole ABL. This turbulent drag acts to slow the wind and decrease rotation rates (Fig. 13.23e). Such spin down can cause cyclolysis.
However, for cold fronts drag can increase vorticity. As the cold air advances (black arrow in Fig. 13.23f), Coriolis force will turn the winds and create a geostrophic wind Vg (large white arrow). Closer to the leading edge of the front where the cold air is shallower, the winds M are subgeostrophic because of the greater drag. The result is a change of wind speed M with distance x that causes positive vorticity.
All of the terms in the vorticity-tendency equation must be summed to determine net spin down or spin up. You can identify the action of some of these terms by looking at weather maps.
Figure 13.24 Absolute vorticity (shaded) and winds (vectors) at 50 kPa, highlighting regions of positive (green rectangle) and negative (orange circle) vorticity advection for the case-study storm.
Fig. 13.24 shows the wind vectors and absolute vorticity on the 50 kPa isobaric surface (roughly in the middle of the troposphere) for the case-study cyclone. Positive vorticity advection (PVA) occurs where wind vectors are crossing the vorticity contours from high toward low vorticity, such as highlighted by the dark box in Fig. 13.24. Namely, higher vorticity air is blowing into regions that contained lower vorticity. This region favors cyclone spin up.
Negative vorticity advection (NVA) is where the wind crosses the vorticity contours from low to high vorticity values (dark oval in Fig. 13.24). By using the absolute vorticity instead of relative vorticity, Fig. 13.24 combines the advection and beta terms.
Figure 13.25 Vertical velocity (m s–1) near the middle of the troposphere (50 kPa) for the case-study storm. At this altitude, a value of w = 0.10 m s–1 corresponds to ω = –0.68 Pa s–1.
Fig. 13.25 shows vertical velocity in the middle of the atmosphere. Since vertical velocity is near zero at the ground, regions of positive vertical velocity at 50 kPa must correspond to stretching in the bottom half of the atmosphere. Thus, the updraft regions in the figure favor cyclone spin-up (i.e., cyclogenesis).
In the bottom half of the troposphere, regions of stretching must correspond to regions of convergence of air, due to mass continuity. Fig. 13.26 shows the divergence field at 85 kPa. Negative divergence corresponds to convergence. The regions of low-altitude convergence favor cyclone spin-up.
Low-altitude spin-down due to turbulent drag occurs wherever there is rotation. Thus, the rotation of 10 m wind vectors around the surface low in Fig. 13.13 indicate vorticity that is spinning down. The tilting term will also be discussed in the Thunderstorm chapters, regarding tornado formation.
Above the boundary layer (and away from fronts, jets, and thunderstorms) the terms in the second line of the vorticity equation are smaller than those in the first line, and can be neglected. Also, for synoptic scale, extratropical weather systems, the winds are almost geostrophic (quasi-geostrophic).
These weather phenomena are simpler to analyze than thunderstorms and hurricanes, and can be well approximated by a set of equations (quasi-geostrophic vorticity and omega equations) that are less complicated than the full set of primitive equations of motion (Newton's second law, the first law of thermodynamics, the continuity equation, and the ideal gas law).
As a result of the simplifications above, the vorticity forecast equation simplifies to the following quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation:
\(\ \begin{align} \frac{\Delta \zeta_{g}}{\Delta t}=-U_{g} \frac{\Delta \zeta_{g}}{\Delta x}-V_{g} \frac{\Delta \zeta_{g}}{\Delta y}-V_{g} \frac{\Delta f_{c}}{\Delta y}+f_{c} \frac{\Delta W}{\Delta z}\tag{13.10}\end{align}\)
where the relative geostrophic vorticity ζg is defined similar to the relative vorticity of eq. (11.20), except using geostrophic winds Ug and Vg:
\(\ \begin{align} \zeta_{g}=\frac{\Delta V_{g}}{\Delta x}-\frac{\Delta U_{g}}{\Delta y}\tag{13.11}\end{align}\)
For solid body rotation, eq. (11.22) becomes:
\(\ \begin{align} \zeta_{g}=\frac{2 \cdot G}{R}\tag{13.12}\end{align}\)
where G is the geostrophic wind speed and R is the radius of curvature.
The prefix "quasi-" is used for the reasons given below. If the winds were perfectly geostrophic or gradient, then they would be parallel to the isobars. Such winds never cross the isobars, and could not cause convergence into the low. With no convergence there would be no vertical velocity.
However, we know from observations that vertical motions do exist and are important for causing clouds and precipitation in cyclones. Thus, the last term in the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation includes W, a wind that is not geostrophic. When such an ageostrophic vertical velocity is included in an equation that otherwise is totally geostrophic, the equation is said to be quasi-geostrophic, meaning partially geostrophic. The quasi-geostrophic approximation will also be used later in this chapter to estimate vertical velocity in cyclones.
Within a quasi-geostrophic system, the vorticity and temperature fields are closely coupled, due to the dual constraints of geostrophic and hydrostatic balance. This implies close coupling between the wind and mass fields, as was discussed in the General Circulation and Fronts chapters in the sections on geostrophic adjustment. While such close coupling is not observed for every weather system, it is a reasonable approximation for synoptic-scale, extratropical systems.
Figure 13.26 Horizontal divergence (D = ∆U/∆x + ∆V/∆y) for the case-study storm. C = horizontal convergence (= – D).
Suppose an initial flow field has no geostrophic relative vorticity, but there is a straight north to south geostrophic wind blowing at 10 m s–1 at latitude 45°. Also, the top of a 1 km thick column of air rises at 0.01 m s–1, while its base rises at 0.008 m s–1. Find the rate of geostrophic-vorticity spin-up.
Find the Answer
Given: V = –10 m s–1, ϕ = 45°, Wtop = 0.01 m s–1, Wbottom = 0.008 m s–1, ∆z = 1 km.
Find: ∆ζg/∆t = ? s–2
First, get the Coriolis parameter using eq. (10.16): fc = (1.458x10–4 s–1)·sin(45°) = 0.000103 s–1
Next, use eq. (13.2):
\(\beta=\frac{\Delta f_{c}}{\Delta y}=\frac{1.458 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{s}^{-1}}{6.357 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m}} \cdot \cos 45^{\circ}\)
Use the definition of a gradient (see Appendix A):
\(\frac{\Delta W}{\Delta z}=\frac{W_{t o p}-W_{b o t t o m}}{z_{t o p}-z_{b o t t o m}}=\frac{(0.01-0.008) \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}}{(1000-0) \mathrm{m}}\)
= 2x10–6 s–1
Finally, use eq. (13.10). We have no information about advection, so assume it is zero. The remaining terms give:
\(\frac{\Delta \zeta_{g}}{\Delta t}=-(-10 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}) \cdot\left(1.62 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{m}^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{s}^{-1}\right) + (0.000103s_{-1})\cdot (2x10^{-6}s^{-1})\)
spin-up \(\ \quad\) \(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\)beta\(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\)\(\ \quad\) stretching
=(1.62x10–10 + 2.06x10–10 ) s–2 = 3.68x10–10 s–2
Check: Units OK. Physics OK.
Exposition: Even without any initial geostrophic vorticity, the rotation of the Earth can spin up the flow if the wind blows appropriately.
An idealized weather pattern ("toy model") is shown in Fig. 13.27. Every feature in the figure is on the 50 kPa isobaric surface (i.e., in the mid troposphere), except the L which indicates the location of the surface low center. All three components of the geostrophic vorticity equation can be studied.
Geostrophic and gradient winds are parallel to the height contours. The trough axis is a region of cyclonic (counterclockwise) curvature of the wind, which yields a large positive value of geostrophic vorticity. At the ridge is negative (clockwise) relative vorticity. Thus, the advection term is positive over the L center and contributes to spin-up of the cyclone because the wind is blowing higher positive vorticity into the area of the surface low.
For any fixed pressure gradient, the gradient winds are slower than geostrophic when curving cyclonically ("slow around lows"), and faster than geostrophic for anticyclonic curvature, as sketched with the thick-line wind arrows in Fig. 13.27. Examine the 50 kPa flow immediately above the surface low. Air is departing faster than entering. This imbalance (divergence) draws air up from below. Hence, W increases from near zero at the ground to some positive updraft speed at 50 kPa. This stretching helps to spin up the cyclone.
Figure 13.27 An idealized 50 kPa chart with equally-spaced height contours, as introduced by J. Bjerknes in 1937. The location of the surface low L is indicated.
The beta term, however, contributes to spindown because air from lower latitudes (with smaller Coriolis parameter) is blowing toward the location of the surface cyclone. This effect is small when the wave amplitude is small. The sum of all three terms in the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation is often positive, providing a net spin-up and intensification of the cyclone.
In real cyclones, contours are often more closely spaced in troughs, causing relative maxima in jet stream winds called jet streaks. Vertical motions associated with horizontal divergence in jet streaks are discussed later in this chapter. These motions violate the assumption that air mass is conserved along an "isobaric channel". Rossby also pointed out in 1940 that the gradient wind balance is not valid for varying motions. Thus, the "toy" model of Fig. 13.27 has weaknesses that limit its applicability.
HIGHER MATH • The Laplacian
A Laplacian operator \(\nabla^{2}\) can be defined as
\(\nabla^{2} A=\frac{\partial^{2} A}{\partial x^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2} A}{\partial y^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2} A}{\partial z^{2}}\)
where A represents any variable. Sometimes we are concerned only with the horizontal (H) portion:
\(\nabla_{H}^{2}(A)=\frac{\partial^{2} A}{\partial x^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2} A}{\partial y^{2}}\)
What does it mean? If ∂A/∂x represents the slope of a line when A is plotted vs. x on a graph, then ∂2A/∂x2 = ∂[ ∂A/∂x ]/∂x is the change of slope; namely, the curvature.
How is it used? Recall from the Atm. Forces & Winds chapter that the geostrophic wind is defined as
\(U_{g}=-\frac{1}{f_{c}} \frac{\partial \Phi}{\partial y} \quad\quad \quad V_{g}=\frac{1}{f_{c}} \frac{\partial \Phi}{\partial x}\)
\(\ \begin{align} \zeta_{g}=\frac{1}{f_{c}} \nabla_{H}^{2}(\Phi)\tag{13.11b}\end{align}\)
This illustrates the value of the Laplacian — as a way to more concisely describe the physics.
For example, a low-pressure center corresponds to a low-height center on an isobaric sfc. That isobaric surface is concave up, which corresponds to positive curvature. Namely, the Laplacian of |g|·z is positive, hence, ζg is positive. Thus, a low has positive vorticity
Figure f.
13.3: Lee Cyclogenesis
13.5: Ascent
Roland Stull
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Warren Wins Big in Massachusetts Who Won the Georgia Gubernatorial Race? No One, Yet
Movie Review: "Bohemian Rhapsody" steals the show
By Natalie Daniels 11/07/18
"Bohemian Rhapsody" proved to filmgoers on its opening weekend that it could "rock" the
audience both musically and theatrically.
The film follows lead singer Freddie Mercury and the remaining members of Queen, Brian May,
Roger Taylor, and John Deacon, through their trials and tribulations to their worldwide success.
The film begins with Mercury joining the band in college and following their journey through
later years. Unfortunately, with huge success comes huge difficulties. Mercury decides to break
up the band and continue with a solo career due to what he saw as artistic differences. The movie
resolves the problem when the band comes back together and performs at the Live Aid concert in
The film does a masterful job of incorporating Queen's discography into the film through songs
like "Somebody to Love," "Bohemian Rhapsody," "We Will Rock You," and "Crazy Little Thing
Called Love."
Rami Malek gives an enthralling performance as the high energy and captivating Freddie
Mercury. He looked strikingly similar to Mercury with the token mustache, overbite, and wild
but stylish wardrobe. Malek captures for the screen the free will and eccentric nature of the rock
star. He also shows skill demonstrating the isolation Mercury feels as a performer and the trouble
he had in coming to terms with his homosexuality.
The film also showcases the relationship between Mercury and his ex-fiance and best friend
Mary Austin. Lucy Boynton portrays Austin as a sweet-natured woman interested only in the
love and nurture she exhibits for Mercury.
Mike Myers makes a cameo appearance as the comical EMI Records executive Ray Foster.
There is a good deal of light-hearted humor with cheeky and eccentric banter back and forth
between Mercury and the rest of the band. The comedy is well balanced with serious matters like the scene when Mercury confesses to his bandmates that he has AIDS.
The last couple of minutes of the film are pure bliss, taking place at the Live Aid concert. The scene
perfectly portrays the musical magic of the band and the intriguing and beautiful stage presence
of Mercury.
The main criticism of the film is that it is a surface presentation of Queen, neglecting to
go more into the band and the reasoning behind certain songs. Although it is an overview, the
film still captivates a wonderful story within 2 hours and 15 minutes.
Audiences may find themselves pondering the film while bopping along to the discography even
as the credits roll.

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April 13, 2012 - Issue #659
"What most people don't understand is the bulk
of business in this country is small business."
- Alphonso Jackson
Vapers And Smokers: Comfortable Bedfellows. By Michael McFadden. But... all was not happy in Smallville: the Vapers soon found themselves under attack by the very group they'd expected to be their allies: the Antismokers. Despite the fact that there was virtually no research showing any degree of actual harm from "vaping" (much less "secondhand vaping"!) and despite the fact that there was pretty much nothing in terms of scent beyond what one might notice upon entering a well-kept home with a tray of potpourri by the door, the Antismokers were going wild about the new "threat" of people using e-cigarettes!
KS RYO: State Shuts Down 'Roll Your Own' Cigarette Shops. Compliance Issue Challenged. The state of Kansas is cracking down on businesses that offer smokers an alternative to buying cigarettes by the pack. Businesses with machines that let people "roll your own" cigarettes are being shut down. In the last week, the state closed about 20 across Kansas.
USA RYO: Amendment to highway bill sideswipes Little Tobacco. Nobody mentioned tobacco last week when the U.S. Senate adopted an amendment to the $109 billion federal highway bill. But tucked into the 5,600-word amendment to provide aid for rural schools was a single paragraph that would settle a two-year-old fight between Big Tobacco and a small Ohio company that builds a do-it-yourself machine that allows smokers to get their cigarettes a lot cheaper. The amendment would reclassify tobacco shops that offer the machines as "tobacco manufacturers," imposing on them new regulations and higher taxes, and it opens a window into the ways of Washington, where the powerful and the connected can sometimes win even before the opposition knows the game is underway. "This is catastrophic," was the response of Phil Accordino, whose tiny company builds the roll-your-own cigarette machines in Girard, Ohio, when he heard of the Senate action. Word arrived in Ohio after the amendment had already been approved on a bipartisan vote.
From The Mailbag
USA: CASAA Call to Actions. States and Bills listed that you should know about. Is your state listed here?
USA: CRA Legislative Action Center. Help Exempt Premium Cigars From FDA Regulation! H.R. 1639 / S. 1461 - Traditional Cigar Manufacturing and Small Business Jobs Preservation Act.
Honduras joins WTO complaint on Australia tobacco packaging. "Australia's plain packaging requirements would defeat the basic function of a trademark, which is to allow consumers to distinguish between products of different companies," Castillo said in a statement. The initial complaint was launched by Ukraine and is being closely watched by a number of other WTO members, with Brazil, Canada, the EU, Guatemala, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway and Uruguay asked to be third parties in the dispute.
Scotland: Freedom to Choose news articles. Educating the general public, and particularly the general public in Scotland, on matters where freedom of choice is under threat.... "When health is equated with freedom, liberty as a political concept vanishes." (Dr. Thomas Szasz, The Therapeutic State).... INTOLERANCE IS THE MOST PREVENTABLE CAUSE OF INEQUALITIES!
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in "Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering", Ed: Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen, Wiley VCH, 2014, DOI: 10.1002/9781118736449.
in "Organic Nanomaterials", Eds: T. Torres and G. Bottari, Wiley VCH, 2013, DOI: 10.1002/9781118354377.ch7.
Chemical Communications, 2019, 55, DOI: 10.1039/C9CC02498K.
Chemical Society Reviews, 2018, 47, 5614–5645.
Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 2018, 16, 2470–2478.
Chemical Communications, 2017, 53, 12028–12031.
Soft Matter, 2016, 12, 8480–8484.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138, 9025–9028.
Chemistry - A European Journal, 2016, 22, 5839–5843. Hot paper and cover.
Chemistry an Asian Journal, 2016, 11, 81-85.
New Journal of Chemistry, 2014, 38, 4448-4457.
Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2014, 3, 216-224.
Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 243, #678.
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2012, 116, 20062-20066.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011, 50, 9248-9259. Für Deutschen !
European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2011, 2413-2416.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011, 133, 3184- 3190.
Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 2011, 186, 1153-1168.
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011, 21, 1428-1437.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2010, 51, 5868-5872.
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2010, 75, 1589- 1599.
Chemical Communications, 2009, 2245-2269. Invited for cover.
Tetrahedron Letters, 2008, 49, 5452-5454.
Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 44, 10768-10777.
Mise à jour le 16/04/2019.


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Great Blue Heron photo-bombs Swans at Bingen Pond.
I love how this Great Blue Heron photo-bombed my Swan shot.
Ring-necked Ducks in a 'fly by' with Swan at Bingen Pond.
Today I went back to the Bingen Marina hoping for a couple of do-overs because my camera settings got skewed a couple of days ago and of course I didn't notice.
Great Blue Heron at Bingen Marina near the pond.
But you know there are never do-overs in photography or life – only new opportunities!
Red tailed Hawk overlooking Bingen Pond.
New opportunities are always on my horizon. In one way or another.
Scrub Jay at Bingen Marina.
Wasn't it just 20 days ago I spoke of wanting more time.
I should have remembered that saying "Be careful what you wish for".
American Kestrel on Snowden Road.
Due to a family emergency, I cancelled all upcoming art shows and put my online shops on vacation.
Merganser Taking Off in the Klickitat River.
I spent 10 days at Providence-Portland Medical-Center with a loved one.
Trio of Juvenile Eagles at Lyle Point.
I am full of gratitude that we are all on the road to recovery now, but what a nightmare it was.
Juvenile Bald Eagle in flight at Lyle Point.
I left thank you notes all over that hospital.
The RNs, CNAs, Docs, Food Service people, Cleaning Crew – even the Cafeteria Staff were enormously compassionate and kind to me and my family.
They are the 'Earthly Angels' among us.
Many heartfelt thanks also went out to family and friends who held us up in prayer and good thoughts. Sent daily (sometimes hourly) messages. Brought me food. Sent us a Christmas tree! I love you all!!
Back at the 'Ranch', I am trying to do nothing but enjoy precious time with my loved ones.
Bald Eagle on a snag along the Columbia River.
I'm thinking 2015 will be quite different from my usual mach speed, 'say yes to everything' way of working.
American Wigeon at Bingen Marina.
Not sure yet how I'll accomplish that, but I look forward to giving it a try.
I think this is a Greater Scaup at the Hood River Marina.
And it felt REALLY good to take a deep breath, get out in fresh air and back to nature with my camera just two days ago.
Bald Eagle in Flight at Balfour.
Wishing you & yours a 2015 that is everything you hope for.


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Kenin KOs Kvitova, Will Meet Swiatek In French Open Final
by Staff | October 8th, 2020, 8:29 pm
The final Grand Slam of the 2020 will feature to surprise participants playing for the French Open title.
Australian Open champion Sofia Kenin will meet the 54th-ranked Iga Swiatek on Saturday for their first clay title and of course the French Open.
Swiatek stayed red-hot dominating qualifier Nadia Podoroska 6-2, 6-1 in just 70 minutes.
"I'm kind of surprised! I never thought before the tournament I would play so well. But I always knew that if I was going to make a final of a Grand Slam, it would be the French Open," said Swiatek.
"This is what I planned to move. I wanted to play this match as if it was a first round. I didn't want to think about being in the semifinal because it would stress me. I just kept being aggressive, like in the previous matches. I'm feeling lucky that I'm feeling good and nothing hurts."
Coming to the French, Swiatek lost in the first round of Rome to qualifier Arantxa Rus. Now, the 19-year-old has lost just 23 games en route to her second career final. Swiatek showed no mercy and no letdown after her big fourth round win over Simona Halep.
"It seems unreal. On one hand I know that I can play great tennis. On the other hand, it's kind of surprising for me. I never would have thought that I'm going to be in the final. It's crazy," Swiatek said. "It's amazing for me, like a dream come true.
"I think it's going to hit me, like, after the tournament. Right now, I'm just living the dream. I just want to focus on the other matches, on doubles. I'm going to enjoy everything after."
Swiatek will try to become the first player from Poland to win a singles title at a Grand Slam.
"Sofia, she's on fire this year," Swiatek said. "Usually I'm that kind of player who is playing better under pressure. If I'm not going to choke up, I think everything will be fine."
Kenin won't be in awe of the moment. She beat Serena Williams a year ago at Roland Garros and today knocked out fan favorite Petra Kvitova 6-4, 7-5.
"She's such a tough player, she's got a great aggressive game and such a big serve. I knew I had to bring my 'A' game in order to win," said Kenin.
"I'm super proud of myself, it was a great match, and I'm super happy."
Kenin blinked on her first ask to serve it out, but got it done the second time to reach her first career final on slippery surface.
The 21-year-old American is now 16-1 on the season in Grand Slams.
"I've already done it in Australia," Kenin said. "I've had tough matches these past two weeks and I'm so excited to be in the final. It's incredible. I'm going to enjoy this moment today and get ready for the final tomorrow."
The two have never met on the main tour but Kenin recalled her junior loss to Swiatek at the 2016 French Open.
"We played in juniors in the French Open. It was a close one. I'm going to prepare for the final and I'm going to do my best.
Said Swiatek, "I have no expectations. I don't care if I'm going to lose or win. I'm going to just play my best tennis. The final is also a great result, so really I have no pressure."
Swiatek Becomes Poland's First Singles Grand Slam Champion, Beats Kenin For French Open Title
Kenin, Kvitova Advance To French Open SF Thurs.; Swiatek v Podoroska
Halep Hammered In Stunning French Open Loss To Swiatek; New Women's Champion Assured
Hercog Outlasts Swiatek To Win Lugano
Svitolina Stunned By Podoroska At French Open, Swiatek Makes SFs
Read more stories about: French Open
Tags: Iga Swiatek, Nadia Podoroska, Petra Kvitova, Sofia Kenin


The Mirka polisher buffers are designed to meet the challenges set when performing demanding polishing operations. In order to achieve the best performance and a good polishing result, it is important to combine the right polisher with the right buffer pad, accessories and polishing compounds. Browse our backing pads and find the backing pads suitable for your polisher.


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I've lived in this particular area of Puyallup for over seven years and have watched it grow and change, including the addition of the Sierra Crest community. Sierra Crest is part of the Sunrise planned development, which I actively serve.
I absolutely love the clubhouse and pool. The clubhouse really makes Sierra Crest a resort community. While the clubhouse and pool are shared with an equally upscale rental side of the community, condo unit owners have their own private pool and spa with showers and changing rooms at their disposal.
Sierra Crest backs up to a nature preserve owned by the developer. The great thing for Sierra Crest owners is that the developer always builds with this feature in mind and intends to keep the nature preserve in tact for the long term benefit of its owners.
My wife and I live in the area and have a few favorite places to visit. Among them are Modoo Teriyaki, Flying Tomato Italian Grill and Mis Tres Amigos Mexican Restaurant. And beginning this year, the nearby Sunrise Village will bring over a half million square feet of retail shopping to the area.


The goal of the Cadence® University Software programs is to grant easy access to leading electronic design automation (EDA) tools for educational institutions around the world. Our customers rely on skilled engineers entering the workforce. As the EDA leader, we are committed to helping our customers by giving future engineers access to our world-class tools. In fact, we reach over 30,000 students each year through these programs. By making our products readily available for instruction and academic research, Cadence is helping the electronics industry speed ideas to reality.
Find out more about this program on the main Cadence web site.
Join the qualified universities who have already incorporated Cadence Tensilica® tools into their classrooms and academic research projects. The University Program provides leading educational institutions with easy access to Cadence's leading Tensilica processor configuration and extension tools.
Participating schools must agree to use the software for teaching and academic research purposes only. All applicants to the program must be from accredited, degree-granting academic institutions. Tensilica tools run on Windows-equipped personal computers.
Here's how your university or college can join the Tensilica University Program or renew your existing license (12 months).
Please click here to apply for a new agreement.
All of these universities have used or are using the Tensilica University License Program for research and education.


The COSC is THE reference surf club Carcans Plage!
Morgan and Joris, instructors / coaches COSC, welcomes you from April to October in the home of the Snow in Carcans Ocean, located just down the dune from the central beach.
This club during school organizes initiations and improvements of 6-77 years! From simple courses, internship weekend and week internship, all formulas are made to make the most, in a friendly and relaxed atmosphere.
There is no review about Carcans Océan Surf Club, be the first to leave one !


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From Dolce & Gabbana to Crane Brothers: meet the brand's newest team member
Words Margie Riddiford | 13 Sep 2018
Originally hailing from New Zealand, Fiona MacKinnon studied men's tailoring in Milan before interning as a seamstress at both Brioni and Caraceni — highly acclaimed Italian ateliers. "Good men's tailoring is the epitome of 'slow fashion'" she explained to me, citing her appreciation of the "beautiful quality fabrics woven to last in natural fibres and customised to your personal requirements" as part of the reason that compelled her to study tailoring in the first place. For MacKinnon, less is more when it comes to sartorial pursuits, where quality should always be considered over quantity. "I'd like the wardrobes of both men and women to contain fewer, more treasured pieces," she says, which is an attitude that has no doubt been affected by her experience working for some of the most luxurious menswear brands around.
Her appointment as a seamstress in the bespoke tailoring department at Dolce & Gabbana's 'Alta Sartoria,' saw her specialise in hand finishing, embroidery and beading for the brand's one-of-a-kind suits and shirts. Alta Sartoria, if you've never heard of it, produces menswear collections of the utmost luxury, specifically for D&G's highest-tier, VIP clients. The craftsmanship required to create such intricate pieces of clothing is an art form in itself — which makes Fiona's return home to a New Zealand label all the more significant.
Considering the pedigree of her experience, her passion for fine tailoring and savoir-faire when it comes to dealing with Italian ateliers, MacKinnon is an exceptional addition to the Crane Brothers team, where she will pull from her vast knowledge of the industry to oversee the brand's production.
This piece originally appeared in our Spring Issue, where Fiona's surname was printed incorrectly.
Crane Brothers
www.crane-brothers.com
Alta sartoria
Fiona Mackinnon
Here's everything you need to know about Auckland's dining scene this August
Karangahape Road welcomes Alta, an intimate new restaurant with a boundary-pushing offering
Forget the grey area and lean into monochrome with these stylish black and white outfits
Move over millennial pink, here are the bold berry brights to add to your wardrobe this season
Kick sand in others faces this season by bringing some stylish clout to your swim short game
MORE COVETED STORIES →
Relaxation station. Dreamed up by @sixnfive ☁


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simoneavincola » Blues » Josh White - The Beginning
Josh White Mercury Chicago Blues Delta Blues 1963
Josh White - The Beginning mp3
Interprète: Josh White
Titre: The Beginning
Pays: US
Publié sur: 1963
Style: Chicago Blues, Delta Blues
Catégorie: Blues
Catalogue #: MG-20724
Label: Mercury
1 Key To The Kingdom 3:25
2 Job: 19 3:19
3 Sit Down Servant 2:32
4 In The Evening 3:07
5 Blues Come From Texas 4:15
6 Evil Hearted Man 3:35
7 Hoe Boys, Can't You Line 'Em 2:36
8 My Father Is A Husband Man 2:19
9 Howlin' Wolf 4:32
10 'Lijah 4:45
Producer – Frank Fried
Also available on Stereo SR 60724
(sleeve variation from other submission)
Josh White. 2020 сингл. The House I Live In. The Josh White Stories, Vols. Josh White Comes A-Visitln', Big Bill Broonzy Comes A-Singin'. Josh White, Big Bill Broonzy. 2019 HQ Remastered Version. The Complete Recorded Works, Vol. Josh White, Alan Lomax, Golden Gate Quartet, Sterling Brown, Alain Locke. The National Blues Museum: From the Beginning, Vol. Various artists. Album Moods. Earthy Literate. The Beginning. Tony Joe White - The Beginning 2001. To favorites 2 Download album. Listen album. Tony Joe White. Songs in album Tony Joe White - The Beginning 2001. Tony Joe White - Rich Woman Blues. Tony Joe White - Raining On My Life. Tony Joe White - Ice Cream Man. Tony Joe White - Going Back To Bed. Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin. All Tracks from LP Listed on label, only the underlined tracks are on the Record release date stamped on Cover. Добавить обзор. The Beginning is the debut studio album by South Korean pop group JYJ, formed by three of the five original members of TVXQ. It is the group's first English release, after their 2010 Japanese language extended play The. It was released on October 14, 2010 through Vitamin Entertainment, a division of Warner Music Korea. Tony Joe White : The Beginning,альбом, рецезия, трек-лист, mp3, тексты песен. Compilation album by Josh White. In the Evening. Key to the Kingdom. Howlin' Wolf. Job: 19. Hoe Boys Can't You Line 'Em. Evil Hearted Man. My Father Is a Husband Man. Blues Come From Texas. Sit Down Servant. search for Josh White , The Beginning. Josh White: Joshua Daniel White was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s. White grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. Don't Ever, Hard Time Blues, Take a Gal Like You и другие песни. The official video for Josh Pyke's single 'The Beginning And The End of Everything', Taken off the album The Beginning And The End Of Everything out are multiple artists named Josh White. 1 Josh White born Joshua Daniel White in Greenville, South Carolina, 11 February 1914 or 1915 died Manhasset, New York, 5 September 1969 was an American folk, blues, and gospel singer and guitarist. White was amongst the first blues performer read more. There are multiple artists named Josh White
Pistes et Albums liés aux Josh White - The Beginning:
AC/DC - Cold Hearted Man
Joe Cocker - What Becomes Of The Broken-Hearted
Gary Husband's Drive - Hotwired
Way Of The West - Don't Say That's Just For White Boys
Noise Boys - Last Line / Extra Eyes
Father John Misty - I Love You, Honeybear
Josh White - Strange Fruit
Eileen Barton / Johnny Desmond - A Husband / A Wife
Josh White / Big Bill Broonzy - Josh White Comes A-Visiting / Big Bill Broonzy Sings
Force - The Beginning
Joe Cocker - What Becomes Of The Broken Hearted
J.D. Orr And The Lonesome Valley Boys - Lonesome Hearted Blues / Hula Hoop Boogie


Lady Gaga in Brandon Maxwell Dress!!!!!
Vogue Magazine : Lupita Nyongo Cover Girl October Issue!!!
Karrueche Looks Ppretty in Lovely Outfit!
Solange Knowles in Zimmerman Outfit!!!!!
Glamour Magazine: Taraji P. Henson Cover Celeb October Issue!!!


Q. What do you think our approach ought to be in Afghanistan?
Feingold: "The whole problem is, the question, what should we do in Afghanistan? That's not the question. The question is, how should we effectively fight Al Qaeda? It's a global threat, and how does Afghanistan fit into that? Too often, it's what do we do with Afghanistan, and by the way how do we deal with Al Qaeda?
Feingold: "The whole problem is, the question, what should we do in Afghanistan? That's not the question. The question is, how should we effectively fight Al Qaeda? It's a global threat, and how does Afghanistan fit into that? Too often, it's what do we do with Afghanistan, and by the way how do we deal with Al Qaeda?
"Now we deal with Al Qaeda in every country in the world without invading the country. We deal with them in Indonesia, the Philippines, Yemen, Somalia, in European countries, in our own country, with various means that range from law enforcement to military action to other kinds of actions. Recently we were able to get rid of one the greatest threats we had, someone who was hiding in Somalia, without invading Somalia!
"So I think the burden is on those who want to continue an occupation to show that putting more and more resources and more and more American blood into Afghanistan is the best way to stop Al Qaeda globally. I think that's entirely unconvincing. The best argument they have is somehow the Taliban with then take over Afghanistan and then Al Qaeda will move their whole operation into Afghanistan again. That's not at all clear. And that's not at all clear that it's any worse-case scenario than Al Qaeda setting up shop in Yemen or Somalia or where they are now, in Pakistan. And there's no reason in my mind why they're suddenly going to say, 'Oh, gee, let's leave Pakistan, where we're very well hidden, and let's go back to Afghanistan.' The whole thing is on a very weak premise.
Q. I saw General Barno at Heritage Foundation, and he said that proposing timetables for Afghanistan is giving aid and comfort to the enemy, close to treason.
Q. When you say, flexible timetable, what do you mean?
Q. Are you optimistic that they're looking at other alternatives than another escalation?


Our Registered Student Organization brings together students at Trinity for weekly fellowship and Bible study in a fun in interesting way.
2:30pm: Bible Study (Parker Chapel Parlor) - good snacks and coversation provided.
Make sure to view the calendar for upcoming events.
Connor Linguist is a sophomore majoring in Economics. He loves Wesley because he loves God and loves people. When he is not at Wesley, he is hanging out with his friends or playing sports.


Foremost among the new developments in the field of arbitration stands the concept of emergency arbitration. Although emergency arbitration is a relatively new phenomenon, it has gained significant traction. This is reflected in both the number of institutional rules that allow the parties to appoint emergency arbitrators and the frequency with which the parties use this mechanism.
In an emergency arbitration, an application for relief is generally to be made to an arbitrator appointed by the arbitral institute (institutional arbitration), which is prior to the constitution of an arbitral tribunal in the usual way. For example, article 29(1) of the ICC Rules provide that, "[a] party that needs urgent interim or conservatory measures that cannot await the constitution of an arbitral tribunal may make an application for such measure to the emergency arbitrator.
In many jurisdictions, arbitration legislations have been amended to expressly include within its ambit an 'emergency arbitrator', for example rule 1.3 of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre Rules, 2016. In India, the 246th Law Commission Report suggested widening the scope of the term 'arbitral tribunal' by incorporating the term 'emergency arbitrator' within its definition. However, this was not incorporated into the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015 and did not find its way into the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 ("Arbitration Act"). As such, for now, India remains a step behind (in this respect, at least) other countries in developing itself as an arbitration friendly country.
This post considers the impact of the enforceability of an emergency arbitral award in a hypothetical situation wherein the above provision would have been made a part of the Arbitration Act, thereby limiting the jurisdiction of the court to deal with the matter of interim measures in detail.
According to article 17 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985, the arbitral tribunal has the power to order interim measures. Article 17H of the UNCITRAL Model Law provides for recognition and enforcement of interim measures granted by the arbitral tribunal to be binding, with the exception of the grounds specified in article 17I. One of the major hurdles in the successful implementation of the provisions of emergency arbitration is in deciding whether an emergency arbitrator's decision is in the form of an 'award' or an 'order'. Furthermore, is such an interim measure ordered by an emergency arbitrator enforceable, when it is in fact not 'final'?
Both the Paris Cour d'Appel and US Federal Court of Appeals have classified certain arbitral decisions entitled 'orders' by tribunals as 'awards'. This makes them susceptible to annulment and/or recognition and enforcement proceedings in the national courts. However, this is not the case in every jurisdiction.
In accordance with section 2(c) of the Arbitration Act, an arbitral award includes an interim award as well. Therefore, any interim award given by the emergency arbitrator would have been enforceable in India. An interim order that is passed by the arbitral tribunal, shall be binding as an order of the court, in accordance with section 17 of the Arbitration Act.In context of the second question, as per section 35 of the Arbitration Act, an arbitral award shall always be final and binding upon the parties. Hence, any arbitral award (even an interim award) would be binding and enforceable in India.
For example, in India, the Mumbai Centre for International Arbitration (MCIA) Rules lay down the provisions for emergency arbitration. Rule 14.7 in very simple terms puts the controversy of whether an interim measure is in the nature of an 'order' or an 'award' to rest. It states that any interim relief ordered by the emergency arbitrator can be in the form of an 'order' or an 'award' which will be binding on the parties just like an interim measure ordered by a Tribunal. If at all the Parliament decides to make the necessary changes in the Arbitration Act, 1996 in the future with regards to emergency arbitration, it would be appropriate to do so in accordance with the provisions of the MCIA Rules and other International Arbitration Rules, for example, Singapore International Arbitration Centre Rules.
When we come to the question of an arbitral tribunal granting interim measures, section 17 of the Arbitration Act comes into play. Earlier, the tribunal was neither conferred with the power to enforce its order nor with any judicial enforcement of such order. But the 2015 Amendment to section 17 of the Arbitration Act clarified that an order of the tribunal would be enforceable like any other order of the court in cases of interim relief granted by arbitral tribunals.
The applicability of section 17 must be perused and comprehended in light of section 9, since they are corresponding in nature. In M.D., Army Welfare Housing Organisation v. Sumangal Services (P) Ltd., the Supreme Court conceded the restricted extent of section 17 and held that the section does not bestow any power upon the arbitral tribunal to implement its order or even for judicial enforcement of the same. This is where section 9 comes to the rescue of the parties even during the continuation of the arbitral proceedings, thereby enhancing court intervention.
With the amendment to section 17, the intervention of the court can now be minimized and the pre-referral form of arbitration can take the front seat. The Court should be allowed to grant any interim measures in case of 'urgency' only when the provisions of emergency arbitration are not available.
When it comes to an interim order which is given in a seat of arbitration abroad, there is no provision in the Arbitration Act that addresses its enforceability. On the other hand, an interim award which is given by a seat of arbitration abroad ("foreign interim award"), the enforceability of such awards would be governed by the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 1958.
If the relief is obtained in the form of an 'order' or 'award', that emergency 'order' or 'award' will not be enforceable under the New York Convention. Since, the decision of the emergency arbitrator can be reviewed and modified by the arbitral tribunal, an 'order' or 'award' of an emergency arbitrator will never attain finality.
The UNCITRAL Model Law under article 17H specifies that interim measure issued by an arbitral tribunal would be recognised as binding and enforced upon an application to the competent court, irrespective of the country in which it was issued. This validates the enforcement of an interim measure even when it is not given in the country where the arbitration took place (lex arbitri). However, the essence of the same has not been incorporated by the legislators in the Arbitration Act. One of the alternatives available to the parties is to seek interim relief before the national courts of the seat of the arbitration.
In a decision of the Delhi High Court in Raffles Design International v. Educomp Professional Education, the Court held that merely because section 9 cannot be used for enforcing an arbitral award, this does not preclude the court from independently granting interim relief. The Court further propounded that due to absence of a similar provision like section 17 in Part II of the Arbitration Act, the enforcement of emergency or interim award issued in a foreign seated arbitration would be unenforceable in India. Therefore, an application under section 9 is probably the only recourse left for the parties to seek interim measures of protection in India, for foreign seated arbitrations.
But this only enhances the intervention of the courts in the arbitration proceedings and defeats the whole purpose of the concept of emergency arbitration, which was to avoid recourse to the national courts. For the enforceability of any award given in a foreign seat of arbitration, a provision such as section 17 which is based on article 17H of UNCITRAL Model Law will have to be inserted in Part II of the Act as well.
Emergency arbitration is an effective means of avoiding court intervention and it should be promoted even more. Countries can amend their arbitration laws to allow for the enforcement of emergency arbitration awards, as Singapore and Hong Kong have already done. At the same time, arbitral institutions could amend their rules to specify a penalty for failure to complying with an emergency arbitration award, such as a fixed amount payable for each day in which the award has not been complied with, as in the CPR Rules for Administered Arbitration of International Disputes.
 Redfern and Hunter on International Arbitration 504 (6th ed. Oxford University Press 2015).
 See, Gerald Metal S.A. v. Timis & Ors, (2016) EWHC 2327 (Ch).
 Ben Giaretta, The practice of Emergency Arbitration, B- Arbitra, Belgian Review of Arbitration, 105 (2017).


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Geostrategy
Plastic pollution choking Australian waters
Three-quarters of the trash found off Australian beaches is plastic, a study released Monday said as it warned that the rubbish is entangling and being swallowed by wildlife.
Researchers surveyed the vast Australian coastline at intervals of about 100 kilometres (62 miles), compiling the world's largest collection of marine debris data, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) said.
"We found about three-quarters of the rubbish along the coast is plastic," CSIRO scientist Denise Hardesty said.
"Most is from Australian sources, not the high seas, with debris concentrated near cities."
Rubbish found included glass and plastic bottles, cans, bags, balloons, pieces of rubber, metal and fibreglass as well as fishing gear and other items lost or discarded in or near the sea.
This marine debris not only poses a navigation hazard but can smother coral reefs, transport invasive species, harm tourism and kill and injure wildlife, the report said.
It warned that litter impacted wildlife through entanglement and ingestion but also indirectly via the chemicals it introduces into marine ecosystems.
Smaller turtle species in particular ingest the debris, possibly because soft, clear plastic resembles its natural prey jellyfish, it said.
"Our findings indicate oceanic leatherback turtles and green turtles are at the greatest risk of both lethal and sub-lethal effects from ingested marine debris," the report said.
Birds, meanwhile, eat everything from balloons to string, with the survey finding 43 percent of seabirds had plastic in their gut, with the Tasman Sea between Australia, New Zealand and the Southern Ocean pinpointed as a high risk region.
"Our analyses predict that plastics ingestion in seabirds may reach 95 percent of all species by 2050, given the steady increase of plastics production," it said.
Entanglement also poses the risk of death or maiming to seabirds, turtles, whales, dolphins, dugongs, fish, crabs and crocodiles and other species.
"Approximately one-third of marine turtles around the world have likely ingested debris, and this has increased since plastic production began in the 1950s," Hardesty said.
"We also estimate that between 5,000 and 15,000 turtles have been killed in the Gulf of Carpentaria (in northern Australia) after becoming ensnared by derelict fishing nets mostly originating from overseas."
The report, part of a three-year marine debris research and education programme developed by Earthwatch Australia with CSIRO and energy group Shell, found that there were two main drivers of the pollution -- littering and illegal dumping.


A closer look at today's forestry, environment and market sectors in the wood industry.
Deciduous forest – mostly north of Lake Erie – witch adds many species commonly found in the states of Ohio, Pennsylvania and the Carolinas.
Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest – the second largest forest region – with a wide range of coniferous and deciduous tree and shrub species.
Boreal forest – the largest forest region in Ontario, which consists predominantly of black and white spruce, jack pine, balsam fir, tamarack and eastern white cedar, as well as poplars and white birch.
Hudson Bay Lowlands – subarctic barrens with black and white spruce and willow trees.
The forests fill many roles (see link Environment and Markets). They are valuable resource and deserve careful management.
"Careful management" doesn't mean just leaving all the forests in their current state, though. It means undertaking detailed planning studies, including those required under Ontario's Crown Forest Sustainability Act, and then following the resulting recommendations for proactive silviculture, protected areas, operations and management.
Silviculture is the art and science used to grow healthy trees in stands, forests and landscapes. It is built on Knowledge of how forests have been shaped by the environment over the thousands of years, in both nurturing and destructive ways. It examines the natural cycles of growth, aging add rebirth of forests, the influence of climate, pests, and fire, and the impacts of different methods of harvesting and management.
Modern forest management combines the best silviculture practices to protect trees from many threats, to maintain diverse uses, respect ecological concerns such as biodiversity, wildlife habitat and water quality, and to allow access to and harvesting of trees for a variety of wood products.
To today's foresters, who study the constant cycles in the forest ecosystem, appropriate harvesting of trees with a properly managed forest is not the end of the forest, but an important part of its renewal.
For futher readings please visit the links below.
Canada's Forests are an important environmental resource, contributing to water quality, air quality, soil stability, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity. They also are affected by – and they affect – climate change.
The Province of Ontario contains more than 70 million hectares of forested land. Ninety percent of this area is owned by the provincial government: It is referred to as 'Crown forest'. About 26 million hectares of this Crown forest is managed for a broad range of uses and benefits.
Ensuring the long-term health of forest ecosystems is the primary objective of forest management on Crown land in Ontario. Through the Ministry of Natural Resource's forest management planning process, forest managers ensure that the forests of Ontario will remain healthy in the future to provide sustainable benefits such as timber and commercial products, wildlife habitat, and recreation opportunities for the people of Ontario, as well as global environmental benefits.
Ontario was the first province in Canada to subject its forest management planning process to a comprehensive, in-depth Environmental Assessment. Board hearings covered concerns raised by aboriginal peoples, forest interest groups and the public. Its decision in 1994 approved the planning process, but added new conditions for impacts on non-timber resources, managing for water, wildlife, aesthetic and cultural values, and involvement of local communities. This place Ontario forest managers at the leading edge of sustainable forest management. An updated environment approval in 2003 has continued this evolution.
Management of Crown forests in Ontario is the responsibility of the provincial government, but this responsibility is shared with forest products companies and communities. There is a significant role for the citizens of Ontario, including local communities, first nations and environmental groups, to participate in the planning process. Their involvement helps to balance the social, economic and environmental objectives of the management of the Crown forest. Monitoring programs keep tabs on compliance with the forest management plans, effectiveness of silviculture renewal, and forest health.
Independent forest audits also provide a third-party assessment of compliance with legal requirement, comparison of planned versus actual forest management activities, identification of how well activities are achieving audit criteria and management objectives and, where applicable, assessment of the licensee's compliance with the terms and conditions of a sustainable forest license.
Ontario's wide variety of coniferous and deciduous trees support a healthy forest-products industry.
Forests have always had a central role in the cultural, economic and social development of the province. Ontario's First Nations depended on the forest for their food, shelter and clothing as well as for their spiritual needs. When the Europeans first arrived, they viewed the forest as a source of furs or an obstacle to agriculture and industry. As time went on, the forest of Ontario were used as a source of wood for the development of the great European navies of the 18 and 19 centuries.
In the 20 century, the forests supported rapid development of the pulp, paper, veneer,and sawmill industries, providing a growing array of high quality forest products.
Today, Ontario's forests play a critical role in the provincial economy. Ministry of Natural Resources figures show that forests contribute to a good standard of living, by supporting more than 80,000 direct jobs in the industry. Another 300,000 people in 250 communities throughout Ontario owe their livelihood to Ontario forests. These Jobs include employment in forest-based tourism businesses, fishing and hunting, equipment manufacturing, transportation, trapping and retail and service industries.
The OLMA plays an important role in representing the interests of it's members in maintainingand protecting the value of national recognized grading rules by sitting on various boards and committees and also promoting the use of wood.


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Bob Iger: George Lucas Felt "Betrayed" by Disney's 'Star Wars' Sequels
Imagine being a young adult with one massive idea.
You put in blood, sweat, and tears into transforming that idea into a reality. The idea is a global success. You are celebrated for your ingenuity and temerity. You are rewarded for your work and passion. You are ultimately considered a "Mount Rushmore" type of guy in your particular genre.
All because of that idea, which has–by any other fathom of imagination–become your baby. You are that close to it. One day, after a few decades, you decide the "baby" is all grown up and determine now is the time to sell that idea.
You cash a check for, let's say, $4 billion and mosey on your way to retirement, conventions, speeches, and all that mailbox money you'll get for the rest of your life.
Anyone on the planet would take that scenario. Anyone. So, fast forward to today when we hear ingenue of that idea, father of that baby George Lucas felt "betrayed" by how Disney allowed that baby to look, grow, and act, as Disney CEO Bob Iger writes in his memoir, "The Ride of a Lifetime."
Wouldn't You?
Lucas and Iger at Galaxy's Edge (Richard Harbaugh/ Disneyland Resort)
After that exhaustive set-up, wouldn't you? Absolutely. The problem is that while we should not blame him for airing his grievances after seeing J.J. Abrams' vision of The Force Awakens…tough.
Simply put, the baby is grown and has left home. And once Daddy is no longer responsible for what the baby does, someone else always will.
You see, Lucas had new ideas for another trilogy. He offered those ideas to Iger as a part of the sale of Lucasfilm to Disney. To wit, Disney (aka. CEO Kathleen Kennedy) consulted another nerd mastermind in J.J. Abrams and went another ballyhooed direction, as we are made aware by a report in THR.
"[W]e decided we needed to buy them," the chief exec writes of the decision made with studio head Alan Horn, "though we made clear in the purchase agreement that we would not be contractually obligated to adhere to the plot lines he'd laid out."
Disney had every contractual and financial right to do so.
This was their bed and they were going to soil or press those sheets however they saw fit. And all Lucas could do is look outside the bedroom store's window fogging up the glass the harder he breathes in angst and frustration. As we are told by Iger's account:
"George immediately got upset as they began to describe the plot and it dawned on him that we weren't using one of the stories he submitted during the negotiations," Iger writes.
"George knew we weren't contractually bound to anything, but he thought that our buying the story treatments was a tacit promise that we'd follow them, and he was disappointed that his story was being discarded. I'd been so careful since our first conversation not to mislead him in any way, and I didn't think I had now, but I could have handled it better."
Iger admits his wrongdoing. Kennedy probably should as well. And, here's that father with a huge helping of seller's remorse:
"George felt betrayed, and while this whole process would never have been easy for him, we'd gotten off to an unnecessarily rocky start."
Time to Move On?
There's Lucas, a man bruised by how his baby looks and betrayed by how his friends dressed her. Of course, he's butt-hurt. No one should or could blame him. But, he sold that intellectual property so while he may see things he doesn't like and say things he definitely means, but again… tough.
George Lucas is many things to many people, but to everyone, the man is a visionary in every sense of the word. Movies are directed, recorded, edited, and finalized differently all because of his vision. Not sci-fi movies. Not nerd movies. All movies.
So, when Bob Iger writes Lucas admonished him because "there weren't enough visual or technical leaps forward," we should listen. In fact, Iger noted "he wasn't wrong."
He also wasn't appreciating the pressure we were under to give ardent fans a film that felt quintessentially Star Wars.
And there, we have the rub.
If a film was to feel "quintessentially" like the original in theme, wouldn't Daddy have some insight there? Of course, he could appreciate the pressure. Lucas was under similar pressure to make six movies prior to The Force Awakens (feelings about Jar-Jar Binks aside).
However, it seems Lucas was blowing up the intergalactic hotline whenever he felt his insight was being ignored.
"We'd intentionally created a world that was visually and tonally connected to the earlier films, to not stray too far from what people loved and expected," Iger explains, "and George was criticizing us for the very thing we were trying to do."
Source: Getty Images/REX/Shutterstock
That's the thing with the word "vision."
Everyone can view something at the same time, but each individual has a different vantage point and those points-of-view are attached to individual's cerebral cortex, where thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding is done.
This isn't a science-fictional concept. We don't share a brain. We all have our brain, so we all have our vision. Lucas has his, and has beholden out of respect Disney was to Lucas' vision — they had their own.
Lucas, Iger, Kennedy, Abrams, et. al. shared the same vision, but had different vantage points. This is the unfortunate rift why Lucas felt betrayed. He entrusted his vision, his baby to new people and they didn't continue to raise it the way he would — precisely the way he would.
The line at the point of sale "we would not be contractually obligated to adhere to the plot lines he'd laid out" should have been a clue that his vision may have different vantage points that would influence the sequels.
Maybe that will all be assuaged when The Rise of Skywalker is released. The Force Awakens, while not necessarily a triumph had some stellar moments. Many people — critics and fans (and even trolls who just won't shut up) — thought The Last Jedi was a fart-and-fall-down moment in this saga's history. By all accounts, it seems there is going to be a huge Kumbaya in December, but until then, Lucas is simply hurt.
Real fans hope those feelings go away. Real fans hope this movie will go into hyperspace with stellar reviews. And real movie fans know, following these accounts by Iger, that… well, no one puts baby in a corner. Not even Disney.
If you're interested, The Ride of a Lifetime: Lessons Learned From 15 Years as CEO of the Walt Disney Company is available now from Random House.
Bob Iger, Disney, George Lucas, JJ Abrams, Kathleen Kennedy, Movies, Star Wars, The Force Awakens, Vision
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These titles traverse the United States and uniquely capture a sense of place while exploring the country's countless facets.
It's impossible to capture the vastness, beauty, and diversity of America's landscape in a single book, so we've rounded up 14 titles, each rooted in a writer's deep understanding of a distinct region of the country. From reported histories and personal essays in the East to novels paying homage to the Mountain West and trips that take readers everywhere in between, these narratives are about the urban centers that power the United States, as well as the plains and rivers that shape it. Here are our picks for some of the best books, old and new, to inspire your travels around the country.
A work of scrupulously researched nonfiction that reads like a novel, this classic was the beloved history writer McCullough's first success, recounting the devastating 1889 flood that nearly wiped out the booming steel town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing over 2,000 people. McCullough highlights the role steel barons—including Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick—played in the tragedy, while also touching on many other famous Americans of the Gilded Age. All the while, he roots his tale in the distinctive landscape of the ancient Allegheny Mountains, the site of the flood.
Bryson is a traveler's treasure, with many hilarious books about his native United States and adopted home of England. Here, he recounts what happens when he decided, in his 50s, to hike the Appalachian Trail. As he makes his way from Georgia to Maine, Bryson ably captures the beauty of the Appalachian Mountain range. He's equally adept at conveying the nuisances of camping, representing the diverse ecology of the area ("the expansive relic of the richest, most diversified sweep of woodland ever to grace the temperate world"), and recounting the impressive history of the trail itself.
Pulitzer Prize–winner Colson Whitehead gained early renown with this literary love letter to his hometown of New York City. His book of essays begins, "I'm here because I was born here and thus ruined for anywhere else, but I don't know about you." Fans and skeptics of the city alike will find material to support their viewpoint here; Colson is as fond of, and as frustrated by, the terrible and wonderful city as any visitor, as his 13 essays make clear.
Cisneros's novel is a coming-of-age tale about Esperanza Cordero, a girl growing up in a Chicano and Puerto Rican neighborhood in Chicago. It snaps with her understanding of the city and its people, but especially of the main character's poverty and hope. Early on, she tells readers about her small red house, where "out back is a small garage for the car we don't own yet" and how she can't wait to grow up and move away from home.
This widely hailed novel from Celeste Ng is set in Shaker Heights, Ohio, a wealthy suburb of Cleveland. The tensions in the complicated and compelling plot are mirrored in the setting, poised between the country's East and Midwest; its wealth and poverty; and its whiteness and apparent diversity. This page-turner about an arson that affects both the wealthy Richardson family as well as a newly arrived single mother and her teenage daughter fulfills the promise of its first pages by sticking the stunning landing.
Kruger, a prolific writer of mysteries set in north Minnesota, often incorporates characters who live on or near American Indian reservations. In his latest of the series featuring private investigator Cork O'Connor, a visiting U.S. senator is killed when her helicopter mysteriously crashes on Desolation Mountain. Cork's son Stephen, who foresaw the tragedy, joins his father and other characters from the Ojibwe tribe to uncover the truth of what's happened on the dazzling but haunted mountains they call home.
The 1970s were an explosive time in the United States. For some solid proof, look to the San Francisco Bay Area, the setting of Jeffrey Toobin's nonfiction account of the self-styled Symbionese Liberation Army's kidnapping of heiress Patricia Hearst. The book captures the nearly unbelievable craziness of that particular story, as well as the political and social tensions at the time in the Bay Area. Toobin's story—full of bombs, guns, and the occasional SLA road trip to hide out in rural Pennsylvania—makes clear that Hearst was far less a victim, and far more a willing participant in the various crimes the SLA committed than most people think.
The PEN-nominated Educated deserves lavish praise for the lyrical way Westover explains what it was like being raised by a family of fundamentalist survivalists. But Westover also captures the stark beauty of growing up in the mountains of Utah, with their ability to conceal all kinds of danger, convincing readers by the end that leaving the area was nearly as difficult as leaving her family.
Walker's classic novel won the Pulitzer Prize and has been adapted into an Oscar-winning movie and a Tony-winning musical. The film and Broadway production are worth viewing, but the book is immensely readable, focusing on Celie, an African American girl growing up in rural Georgia. Celie's hardscrabble upbringing is the subject, while the landscape around her provides the epic scope of the book. Many readers feel that they've taken a trip to the early 20th-century South by the time they're done.
"I like to think I know what death is. I like to think that it's something I could look at straight," is the opening of Ward's lyrical, compelling novel, winner of the National Book Award. The story of a modern family (and a pair of ghosts) traveling from their home on Mississippi's Gulf Coast to the state penitentiary, the novel captures the lushness and unease of that part of the country. Violence and death ensue, but Ward's depiction of familial love is what really haunts readers. It's hard to think of a modern novel more of its place than this one.
Vowell has written a series of wryly funny books about U.S. history, but her masterpiece is this account of her road trip to various sites associated with the assassinations of Presidents Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley, and Kennedy. Vowell travels from New York to Ohio to Texas to Washington, D.C., blending her observations about the countryside and its people with deeply researched facts about the murders. Somehow, Vowell manages to entertain while educating readers about disturbing history.
"I had never been in love before," Jacobson notes early on in her memoir about a cross-country trip to join the woman she's fallen for. The book nearly trembles with anxiety and hope, filled as it is with her notes and drawings (and a lot of lists) about her drive from New York to Los Angeles to join her beloved. It's a perfect distillation of what it's like to see U.S. cities and small towns through love-fogged glasses, and Jacobson, the cocreator and star of television's Broad City, is an amiable companion.


At the SAMEA conference this year, in South Africa, Dugan Fraser made a very interesting presentation entitled 'How to avoid Feeding Enemy M&E'. He presented how M&E can cause harm or beenfit a project, if used well.
Dugan Fraser ended his presentation by asking 'How do you feed YOUR Friend-M&E?' Send your comments about his presentation and your experience with Enemy and Friend-M&E.


Adults with disabilities can explore new sights and sounds at LivItUp.
For the 67 adult patients at the LivItUp center for adults with disabilities, the world is about to get a little more interesting.
LivItUp will soon have its very own sensory room, a room designed to engage all five senses with mirrors, strobe lights, noise-makers, and other features, thanks to a $5,000 grant from the Grainger Foundation.
Tammy DeNiro, director of development at LivItUp, said that the sensory room will provide an experience that most patients have never had before.
"To have a place where we can engage our patients in a nontraditional setting is amazing," DeNiro said. "This is the first time we will be able to engage all of our patients in a more therapeutic atmosphere."
LivItUp has served disabled adults in Memphis for more than 30 years. The group originally existed as United Cerebral Palsy of the Mid-South before changing their name to LivItUp in 2011. And while LivItUp has always tried new ways of reaching the adult patients they help, this will be the first time they've tried a sensory room.
Complete with lighted five-foot bubble tubes, fiber-optic curtains, strobe lights, mirrors, objects that create noise and vibration, interactive light panels, and a solar wheel rotator, the room will provide patients with a full-on sensory experience.
While the room will be open to all the patients at LivItUp, there will only be eight people allowed in the room at one time. There are also planned activities that go with each component in the room, allowing for a structured but therapeutic environment.
Developed in the 1970s in the Netherlands as part of the Snoezelen therapy technique, a sensory room offers stimulation and relaxation to people who may get little of either, especially children and adults with various types of disabilities. The rooms are most often used as a therapy technique for people with autism and other developmental disabilities because the results do not rely on verbal communication. The Snoezelen (which translates to "seek out" or "explore") technique is also one of the first nondirective therapies used by LivItUp, meaning the patient, not the therapist, controls the session.
"With the sensory room you see reactions [from the patients] that are so much different from any other activity we engage in," DeNiro said. "It's so much more engaging than just sitting down and putting together a puzzle with someone. It's amazing what something as simple as music or lighting can do for those who aren't able to express what they are feeling."


text:
Q: How to manipulate the decimal part of a float in C++? Background:
I have an array of integer times given as 0830 for 08:30, 1745 for 17:45, etc.
I need to calculate the time difference between times. So I'm first turning integer times into floating point times by dividing by 100.0. This means that 0830 will become 8.30.
int inTime = 0830, outTime = 1745;
float newIntime = inTime/100.0;
float newOutTime = outTime/100.0;

The next step, and this is my question, is: How do I divide the decimal part by 0.6 so I get 8.50. This is the only way I'll be able to subtract/add times and get the correct time difference in a meaningful format.
I have not been able to figure out (or look up) a way to multiply the decimal part, i.e. to "access" only what's on the right side of the decimal point. Any help will be appreciated!

A: float intPart = floor(newInTime);
float converted = intPart + (newInTime - intPart) / 0.6;

And it's better to not use float for this purpose. See others' answer.

A: Don't convert to float in the first place. Use modulus to extract the minutes:
int inTime = 830;
int inHours = inTime / 100;
int inMinutes = inTime % 100;
int inTotalMinutes = inHours * 60 + inMinutes;

Also, 0830 is not a valid literal. The leading zero causes it to be interpreted as an octal number, and 8 is not a valid octal digit.

A: You do not want to do this in float, because you will be potentially losing precision.
I would suggest doing something along the line of:
// or use std::tm per Potatoswatter's comment
struct Time
{
  int hours;
  int minutes;
  Time(int time)
  {
    hours = time/100;
    minutes = time-hours*100;
  }
};

Time operator-(const Time& a, const Time& b)
{
  // You could also just return these minutes and be done with it
  int minutes (a.hours-b.hours)*60 + (a.minutes-b.minutes);
  Time result;
  result.hours = minutes/60;
  result.minutes = minutes-result.hours;
}

int main()
{
  Time inTime(830), outTime(1745);
  Time result = inTime-outTime;
  // ...
  return 0;
}

Another thing to keep in mind, is that you should not write:
Time inTime(0830);

because the compiler will think that you are talking about octal base (and it cannot have the 8 as a digit).

A: It is easier and more reasonable to convert 08:30 to 8.5 rather than 8.3 for floating point calculation. It is 8.5 hours from 0:00. Convert back is also easy. Hour is whatever to the left of decimal point and minute is whatever to the right of decimal point multiple by 60.

A: Extract it with modf.  That should eliminate the extra loss of precision.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Рюрик Ростиславич (ум. ) — князь перемышльский с 1084 года, сын Ростислава Владимировича, старший из правнуков Ярослава Мудрого, до 1084 года — князь-изгой.

Биография
После гибели отца в Тмутаракани вместе с братьями жил во Владимире-Волынском у своего двоюродного дяди Ярополка Изяславича. В 1084 году, воспользовавшись его отъездом в Киев к великому князю Всеволоду Ярославичу, братья бежали в червенские города и, собрав войско, пришли на Волынь и заняли Владимир. За Ярополка вступился Всеволод, пославший своего сына Владимира с войском.

После того, как перекрывший в Олешье в низовьях Днепра торговый путь «Из варяг в греки» другой князь-изгой, Давыд Игоревич, добился от Всеволода выделения ему в удел Дорогобужа на Волыни, между Всеволодом и Ярополком возник конфликт. Ярополк бежал в Польшу, Владимир Всеволодович захватил Луцк и посадил на княжение во Владимире-Волынском Давыда Игоревича (1085), но после возвращения Ярополка заключил с ним мир и вернул ему Владимир-Волынский (1087). В том же году Ярополк предпринял поход против Ростиславичей, направившись под Звенигород в княжество Рюрика, но был убит во время похода.

Не имея прав на крупнейшие русские столы, Рюрик Ростиславич смог завладеть юго-западными русскими землями, отстоять их и передать младшим братьям Васильку и Володарю.

Детей не имел.

Литература

Князья перемышльские
Князья-изгои
Рюриковичи по алфавиту
Ростиславичи Галицкие

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


W88 casiono offers a premium Sak Yant Tattoo package to visitors intrigued by the legendary magical properties of the Sak Yant tattoo and the unforgettable cultural experience that comes along with it.
Ensure date availability has been confirmed with W88 casiono.
The magical Sak Yant tattoo is a cultural tradition in Thailand and highly regarded by the people who live here. While the Sak Yant has become a highly prized fashion statement, the authentic tattoo is very much regarded culturally as a sacred and treasured possession.
The Sak Yant experience delivered by W88 casiono is the real deal. Yes, you can find a tattoo artist or former monk who can replicate the Sak Yant image, but finding the traditional experience delivered in an actual temple by a practicing monk is considerably more difficult. As such, it is important for you to understand what an actual Sak Yant is and the proper protocol required in having one done. This video will help immensely.
What is a Sak Yant?
Sak Yan or Sak Yant (สักยันต์) is a form of tattooing that originated in ancient Southeast Asia. Sak means tattoo in Thai, and yant is the Thai pronunciation for the Sanskrit word yantra, meaning "magical design" or "mystical insignia" used in Dharmic religions. Today Sak Yant is practiced in Thailand and Myanmar and, to a much lesser extent, Laos and Cambodia.
Sak Yant tattoos are traditionally performed by ruesi (the Thai form of rishi), wicha (magic) practitioners, and Buddhist monks using a long metal rod sharpened to a point (called a khem san). The actual tattoo consists of magical geometrical, animal and deity designs accompanied by Pali phrases that offer power, protection, fortune, charisma and other benefits for the bearer.
Yantra tattoos are believed to be magical and to bestow mystical powers, protection, or good luck. There are three main effects of a yantra tattoo. One is that which benefits the wearers, such as making them more eloquent. Another is that of protection and to ward off evil and hardship. This is commonly used by military personnel, police, taxi drivers, gangsters and others in perceived dangerous professions.
Another type is one which affects people around the wearer, such as invoking fear. The tattoo only confers its powers so long as the bearer observes certain rules and taboos, such as abstaining from a certain type of food.
It is believed that the power of sacred tattoos decreases with time. So, to re-empower them each year, Sak Yant masters celebrate with their devotees the Wai Khru ritual. Wai Khru means "pay homage to one's guru". In Thailand, the most impressive Wai Khru is held at the temple of Wat Bang Phra.
Due to the recent , the temples and monks (who are forbidden to touch females) have stopped performing the Sak Yant ceremony on women.
To find a solution, W88 casiono spent months and travelled literally 1000s of kilometers searching for a way for women to get an authentic Sak Yant tattoo right here in Chiang Mai. Much to our delight, we have discovered a Cambodian Shaman who does Magical Energy Sak Yants about 50 kilometers outside of Chiang Mai, offering Khmer designs using a tattoo gun (not the metal needle).
Sak Yants are not always perfectly symmetrical. However, this effect is in part the essence of its beauty. As a real Sak Yant Tattoo is going to have some artistic flaws in it, remember you are getting one for the magical and spiritual properties and rough aesthetic beauty inherent with this tattoo.
Sak Yan or Sak Yant (สักยันต์) is a form of tattooing that originated in ancient Southeast Asia. Sak means tattoo in Thai, and yant is the Thai pronunciation for the Sanskrit word yantra, meaning "magical design" or "mystical insignia" used in Dharmic religions. Today Sak Yant is practiced in Thailand and Myanmar, and to a much lesser extent, Laos and Cambodia.
Real Sak Yants are done quite quickly with a long steel needle, so the final result may not be a mathematically perfect and amazingly detailed design to show off to everyone. If this is what you are after, we recommend you visit a regular tattoo artist who will use a tattoo gun with fine needles to achieve highly detailed, perfectly symmetrical type art.
Like many Westerners, you may be worried about standards of hygiene with this tattoo. The reality is this process is done in the traditional way by a monk with a metal needle, tissue or rag, custom magical ink, and several sets of hands without gloves. There is no hygiene as defined by Western standards. Yes, the needle will be disinfected before it is used, but the Sak Yant is a tradition dating back thousands of years. Being a tradition, not much has changed — including the adoption of modern hygiene standards.
If hygiene is a major concern that outweighs your desire to engage in the spiritual aspects of the Sak Yant ritual, use our Cambodian Mystic who employs modern hygiene standards with disinfected needles using his tattoo gun.
When you arrive at the temple, chances are you won't be the only one there. This is a working temple, not a tourist attraction, with a monk who is busy serving the needs of his community.
Before stepping onto the platform, you will remove your shoes and sit on the floor along with others there to see the monk. While your Sak Yant is a special and unique experience for you, the locals you encounter here will be dealing with personal issues ranging from the serious to a simple good luck blessing. Some may have a serious demeanor while others beam their typical Thai smiles.
It is both proper and polite to be the first to wai as a sign of respect to the monk or elder.
As you greet the monk, kneel so that your body is lower than him and perform the . Bow 3 times as a show of respect to the Buddhist way; once for Buddha, once for Buddhism, and one final bow for the monk. As a general rule, do not stand above a monk as a matter of politeness and try to avoid standing while the monk is seated. This includes friends buzzing about trying to snap pictures or record video.
Upon completion of your 3 wais, you will present your "offering to the spirits" before the Sak Yant ceremony begins. This offering shows respect to the monk (Ajaan) who is about to perform the Sak Yant for you. More important, it shows that you believe in their magic power and trust in their skills. This offering of flowers, incense, candle and the money offering should be arranged on the tray provided.
The monk will perform a small acceptance ceremony of the offering on behalf of the spirits. After this the monk will ask what kind of Sak Yant you desire.
The monk will then prepare for your tattoo, mixing the ink and sterilizing the needle. The monk will then sit in his chair and motion you to come over.
When the tattoo is complete, turn to the monk and bow 3 times to show gratitude as the receiver of this spiritual gift.
Now it's time for the final blessing. Usually, both you and the monk will hold onto your offering for a few minutes while reciting the blessing incantation. These are truly the most magical moments of the Sak Yant experience.
After the final blessing is finished you are ready to head back home to begin relishing your authentic Sak Yant tattoo and this very magical, unique experience.


text:
Two men have died in one of two Sunday morning plane crashes in Queensland
A pilot and his passenger were killed this morning when a light plane crashed in bushland while another person survived a separate crash about an hour later.
Sarah McPhee
December 8, 2019 - 6:09PM
The two men died at the scene.
More from qld news
Knife-wielding man shot after going 'ape'
Inside Australia's deadliest Covid day
Shock detail in alleged road rage fight
Two men have been killed in a light plane crash at a property in central Queensland.
Police were called to the Round Hill Rd property at Captain Creek, near Agnes Waters south of Gladstone, around 7am on Sunday.
It is unclear what caused the plane to come down but the two men died at the scene.
Brisbane Times reports the victims are a 60-year-old pilot and his 71-year-old male passenger.
Plane Crash in Agnes Water, at Round Hill Rd.
A report will be prepared for the coroner.
Forensic Crash Unit officers are investigating and will prepare a report for the coroner.
Another patient was taken to hospital on Sunday morning before paramedics arrived, after a light plane crash in the Atherton Tablelands in Far North Queensland.
The aircraft was found on its side at the Atherton Aerodrome, according to the Cairns Post.
– with AAP
A man shot dead by police had gone 'ape', assaulting his partner and threatening police with knives before the fatal encounter, a coroner has said.
Australia has reached a devastating milestone during the Covid-19 pandemic, as Omicron continues to surge.
QLD Crime
Shocking allegations about a man accused of violently stabbing another driver in a road rage altercation have been aired in court.


text:
Phania es un género de fanerógamas perteneciente a la familia de las asteráceas. Comprende 9 especies descritas y de estas, solo 5 aceptadas. Es originario de Sudamérica.

Taxonomía
El género fue descrito por Augustin Pyrame de Candolle y publicado en Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 5: 114. 1836. La especie tipo es: Phania multicaulis DC.

Especies aceptadas
A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Phania aceptadas hasta junio de 2012, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos.

Phania cajalbanica Borhidi & O.Muñiz
Phania domingensis (Spreng.) Griseb.
Phania matricarioides (Spreng.) Griseb.
Phania multicaulis DC.
Phania trinervia DC.

Referencias

Ageratinae