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Acrosome
A small 'cap' overlaying the sperm head.
Acrosome Reaction
The loss of the acrosome that is necessary for successful fertilisation. Normally only about 10% of sperm undergo an acrosome reaction.
In infertility, the sticking of ovaries, tubes, uterus, bowel and abdominal lining to one or more of each other so as to affect fertility. May follow pelvic surgery, tubal infections or endometriosis
Male sex hormones.
Anovulation
The absence of ovulation. A period may still occur.
In infertility, a compound in the blood, mucus or semen which interferes with normal sperm function.
Azoospermia
The absence of sperm in seminal fluid due to blockage of sperm ducts or impairment of sperm production.
Biochemical Pregnancy
Is a positive hCG blood test with no evidence of a gestation sac on Ultrasound.
A fine tubing especially developed for the transporting of eggs, sperm or embryos into the woman's fallopian tubes or uterus.
Secretions produced by the cervix that, at the time of ovulation, assist the passage of sperm through the cervix.
The lower part of the uterus that connects with the vagina.
Clinical Pregnancy
Presence of a gestation sac at Ultrasound.
Clinical Pregnancy – Viable
A positive hCG blood test and the presence of a foetal heartbeat at Ultrasound.
Donor Egg (Oocyte)
Eggs taken from one woman and donated to another.
Donor Sperm
Sperm produced from a man who is not the woman's partner to be used for artificial insemination or for IVF/GIFT.
Down Regulation
This refers to the "shutting off" of the messages from the pituitary gland (part of the brain) to the ovary that enables complete control over the events in a cycle.
Ectopic Pregnancy
A pregnancy in which the fertilised egg implants anywhere but in the uterine cavity, usually in the fallopian tubes, or rarely the ovary or the abdominal cavity.
Ejaculate
Semen ejected from the penis.
Embryo Cryopreservation
The deep-freezing of embryos not transferred fresh.
Embryo Transfer (ET)
The placement of embryos into the uterus using a fine catheter.
Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones. Hormones are molecules that act as signals from one type of cells to another. Most hormones reach their targets via the blood. Although every organ system secretes and responds to hormones (including the brain, lungs, heart, intestine, skin, and the kidney), the clinical specialty of endocrinology focuses primarily on the endocrine organs, meaning the organs whose primary function is hormone secretion. These organs include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testes, and pancreas.
A presence of endometrial tissue (the normal uterine lining) in abnormal locations such as the tubes, ovaries and peritoneal cavity (abdomen).
The lining of the uterus which grows and is shed each cycle.
Epididymis
A special duct at the back of the testis for the storage of sperm as they mature.
Fallopian Tubes
A pair of narrow tubes that carry the egg from the ovary to the body of the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in the outer end of the tube.
The penetration of the egg by the sperm.
Fertility is the ability of people or animals to produce healthy offspring in abundance. In the English language, the term was originally applied only to females, but increasingly is applied to males as well, as common understanding of reproductive mechanisms increases and the importance of the male role is better known. The opposite of fertility is infertility. Human fertility depends on factors of nutrition, sexual behavior, culture, instinct, endocrinology, timing, economics, way of life, and emotions. Animal fertility is no less complex, and may display astounding mechanisms.
A benign tumour of fibrous tissue that may occur in the uterine wall. Fibroids can be totally without symptoms or may cause abnormal menstrual patterns. They rarely cause infertility.
Fimbriated Ends
The fringed and flaring outer ends of the fallopian tubes that pick up the sticky egg from the ovary.
The developing human after embryo stage from the ninth week of pregnancy to birth.
Follicle
The cells surrounding a developing egg in the ovary.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
A hormone naturally produced by the pituitary gland which is essential for the growth of ovarian follicles in the woman and sperm production in the man.
Follicular Phase
The first half of the menstrual cycle when ovarian follicular development occurs.
The male or female reproductive cells, the sperm or the egg.
Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer (GIFT)
Mimics natural conception more closely than IVF. In GIFT, eggs are collected from the female partner but instead of being taken to the laboratory for fertilisation, the eggs plus the previously collected and washed sperm are placed directly into a normal fallopian tube using a fine sterile plastic tube.
Gonadotrophin
A hormone that is capable of stimulating the testicles or ovaries to produce sperm or egg respectively.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Antibodies
Test done on male and female to test for exposure to the AIDS virus. A positive test does not necessarily mean that exposure to AIDS has occurred or that the person has or will get AIDS. A positive test may mean that the antibody is present in the blood, which means that, even though the person may not be sick, he/she may still infect others by sharing needles or having sex without condoms. If a woman is pregnant and is HIV positive, there is a strong chance that the baby will be infected with the AIDS virus. All couples having IVF/GIFT are asked to have this test.
A chemical produced by an endocrine gland in the body that circulates in the blood and has widespread action throughout the body.
Hormone Assay
The measurement of hormones present in the blood.
The embedding of an embryo in the endometrium of the uterus.
In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF
In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) IVF is the procedure by which the egg from a female partner and the sperm from a male partner are mixed in the laboratory. Provided fertilisation occurs in the laboratory and the resultant embryos look normal, they are transferred into the uterus (womb) of the female. In natural conception, the egg and sperm meet in the fallopian tube and fertilisation and early development occurs in the tube before implantation in the uterus.
The inability to conceive or carry a baby to term after twelve months of unprotected sex.
This term refers to the direct injection of a single sperm into the substance (called cytoplasm) of the egg thus the term ICSI refers to Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. The microinjection procedure is used for the more severe forms of male infertility or after a cycle with poor fertilisation.
A surgical investigation using a telescope-like instrument to have a look at the pelvic organs.
Luteal Phase
The days of a menstrual cycle following ovulation up to menstruation.
Luteinising Hormone (LH)
A hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Its main function is to mature and release the egg (LH surge).
Luteinising Hormone Surge (LH Surge)
The release of large amounts of Luteinising Hormone (LH) that triggers ovulation in a normal menstrual cycle.
Male Factor
When the male sperm is below normal limits and special techniques are required to prepare the semen for fertilisation.
Maternal Serum
Blood drawn from the woman that is added to the solution used to culture embryos.
The direct injection of a sperm into the substance of the egg to produce a fertilisation. This technique is used when there are very few sperm in the ejaculate, when the sperm show poor motility or abnormal structure or have been obtained from the testis or have previously failed to fertilise in conventional IVF treatments. This technique is also called ICSI, which stands for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection where the term "cytoplasm" refers to the substance of the egg.
Oestrogen
A hormone produced by the ovary in increasing amounts prior to ovulation.
Oligospermia
An abnormally low number of sperm in the seminal fluid.
Oocyte
The egg cell produced in the ovary, also called ovum, egg or gamete.
Ovaries are part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Normally, a female will have two ovaries, each performing two major functions: producing eggs, or (exocrine function) and secreting hormones, or (endocrine function). Ovaries in females are homologous to testes in males. The term gonads refers to the ovaries in females and testes in males. Most birds have only one functioning ovary; snakes have two, one in front of the other.
The release of a mature egg from the ovary.
The use of medication to promote ovulation in women who normally do not ovulate.
Papanicolaou Smear (Pap Smear)
An important screening test for cancer of the cervix. This painless test is recommended every two years for all women. Women having IVF/GIFT treatment must continue to have these tests, as they are not performed as a routine part of treatment for infertility.
A gland located at the base of the human brain that secretes a number of important hormones related to normal growth, development and reproduction.
A diagnostic test performed on an embryo prior to transfer to ensure it does not have any diseased cells.
Hormone produced by corpus luteum after ovulation and the placenta during pregnancy. Progesterone is important for its role in preparing the lining of the womb for implantation of the fertilised egg.
Sperm-Zona Binding
Sperm must bind to the zona before they can fertilise. Tests have been developed to determine whether this function is taking place.
Split Ejaculate
A method of collecting a semen specimen so that the first half of the ejaculate is caught in one container and the rest in a second container. The first half may contain the vast majority of the sperm, which can then be used to inseminate the woman in appropriate cases.
The male sex gland that produces testosterone and sperm.
Open – the removal of testicular tissue (0.5ml) from men with very poor sperm production and the isolation of sperm for ICSI. This procedure is performed under a general anaesthetic. Fine needle – this is performed under a local anaesthetic and involves the insertion of a needle into the testis to remove a small fragment of sperm tubule in cases of obstruction. In this setting an adequate number of sperm can be obtained for use in ICSI.
Vaginal Ultrasound
Technique used to visualise the female reproductive system. This ultrasound can detect the presence of cysts and other problems, follicles or pregnancy.
Zona Pellucida
The outer protective coat of the egg


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An ambiguous overloaded phrase with several common meanings, its definition is the subject of many endless forum threads. There is the similarly ambiguous variant term "abstract strategy game". They correspond to the BGG subdomain Abstract Strategy Games.
In some sense, it boils down to whether one considers the phrase "abstract game" to be literally a sum of its parts (i.e. a game which is abstract), or if one considers the phrase "abstract game" to have picked up a specific meaning through use (e.g. how a "wargame" is typically considered to be more than simply a game about war, so that many people would not consider the card game Nuclear War or Battleship to be wargames).
It also depends on what one thinks "abstract" refers to - the mechanics, the theme, something else?
"Abstract game" often refers to games of perfect information with alternating turns and no randomness; usually for 2 players. E.g. Chess or Go.
It is also often used to refer to a game without a theme (regardless of the game mechanics). E.g. Backgammon or Tantrix.
It is also often used to refer to games that are "mostly" perfect information and "mostly" lacking in theme (leading to even more confusion and disagreement about whether a given game is an "abstract game" or not).
E.g. many people disagree whether the following are "abstract games": Stephenson's Rocket and König von Siam and many 18xx games, since they have perfect information and no chance, but a clear historical theme.
And many people disagree whether the following are "abstract games": SET and Poker, since they have no theme, but randomness, hidden information, simultaneous turns, realtime turns, etc.
There is also disagreement about whether some games even have a theme, e.g. whether Chess is themeless or has a theme of a medieval battle, or whether Cathedral is themeless or has a theme of building a medieval city.
2-player games with perfect information, no chance, and alternating turns are sometimes more clearly called "perfect information", "pure strategy", "non-random", or "Combinatorial games" (the mathematical term for such games). Note that such games can have a theme or not.
Games with no or little theme are sometimes more clearly called "themeless" or "weakly themed" instead of "abstract". Note that such games can have luck, hidden information, simultaneous turns, or not.
Forum threads about the definition of "abstract game"
Questions like "what is an abstract game?", "can a game with property X be an abstract game?", "what is the best label or term for this kind of game?" etc appear quite frequently in the forums. E.g. some extensive discussion can be found in these threads:
What lies at the heart of "abstract strategy games"?
How far can we push the "Abstract label" onto a game?
AAAAAAAARG: not a single nominee in the Golden Geek abstract category fits my notion of an abstract.
Could an abstract strategy game have not ties, but also not favor first or second player?
A Venn diagram to illustrate Abstract Games article on the BGG wiki
On the use of the term 'pure strategy game'
I've come up with a very simple check for games that qualify as Pure Strategy/Abstract Strategy
BGG glossary entry
Games Journal Article
[What Links Here]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Database » Genomic Characterization of Alzheimers Disease Risk in the Puerto Rican Population
Genomic Characterization of Alzheimers Disease Risk in the Puerto Rican Population
PERICAK-VANCE, MARGARET A.
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
Contact information of lead PI
NIH (NIA)
€ 6,961,627.52
Total duration of award in years
The project/programme is most relevant to:
Alzheimer's disease & other dementias
Acquired Cognitive Impairment... Aging... Alzheimer's Disease... Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD)... Biotechnology... Brain Disorders... Clinical Research... Clinical Research - Extramural... Dementia... Genetics... Human Genome... Minority Health for IC Use... Neurodegenerative... Neurosciences
Research Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY To identify new treatment targets, we and others have examined the genomics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, genomic successes so far have arisen from studying primarily non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants, and the study of minority populations has been minimal. What few studies have been done in minority populations have suggested that the genetic architectures overlap, but only partially. Thus, studying minority populations not only serves to test generalization of the NHW findings but also provides a unique opportunity for discovery of novel targets and pathways. To begin addressing these issues, we propose here the Puerto Rico Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Initiative (PRADI). We will whole-genome sequencing (WGS) Caribbean Hispanic Puerto Rican (CHPR) AD multiplex families to identify novel AD variation in CHPRs, and to generalize existing AD genetic discoveries to this underrepresented population. This initiative will increase our knowledge about genetic variation, particularly for the Caribbean Hispanic population of Puerto Rico (CHPR). The Puerto Rican (PR) population is the 2nd largest Hispanic/Latino population in the continental US. The prevalence of AD in the Caribbean Hispanic population of the island of PR is estimated in 65,000. The PR population is a highly mixed population with average ancestry values of ~64% European, ~21% African, and ~15% Native American. The unique genetic make-up of the PR AD population will be critical in new discovery as well in replication of findings from the Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Consortium (ADSP) CHDR data and the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) African American (AA) data. Thus, discovery of genetic contributions to AD risk and protective variants in CHPR would have a substantial influence on our understanding of AD and towards our goal of identifying new treatment targets. Through this proposal in response to PAR-15-356 we will address this important issue by conducting genomic studies of AD in PR. Specifically we propose a family-based study in PR that parallels the family-based efforts in the ADSP Discovery phase and that will enhance and extend both current ADSP and ADGC efforts to a broader AD community. We aim to 1) Characterize the genetic epidemiology of AD in PR 2.) Generalize and refine known risk and protective loci in familial PR AD. 3.) Perform variant discovery in our PR AD families and case control data 4.) Leverage multi-ethnic populations (PR, DR and AA) to discover novel AD risk/protective effects by calculation of local ancestry, admixture mapping and bioinformatics analysis and 4.) Perform multi-locus analyses providing insight into functional implications of the risk and protective loci. Our overall goal is to identify targets for therapeutic development that will either prevent or significantly delay the onset of AD.
PROJECT NARRATIVE To identify new treatment targets, the genomics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been examined primarily in non-Hispanic White populations. In response to PAR-15-356, we propose a genomics study of AD in Puerto Ricans. We will whole-genome sequencing Caribbean Hispanic Puerto Rican (CHPR) AD multiplex families to identify novel AD variation in CHPRs, and to generalize existing AD genetic discoveries to this underrepresented population.
Further information available at:
Member States: United States of America


Former deputy prime minster Nick Clegg has joined Facebook – as its head of global affairs and communications.
Facebook is also facing the threat of increased government regulation – including from Europe, where Mr Clegg served as a commissioner – and in recent months, several executives have left the company.
Mr Clegg, 51, will move to Silicon Valley in January as part of the move, the Financial Times reported.
He will succeed Elliot Schrage, who announced in June that he was leaving Facebook after a decade.
In a statement on his Facebook page, Mr Clegg said: 'Throughout my public life I have relished grappling with difficult and controversial issues and seeking to communicate them to others.
He added that Facebook was at the 'heart of some of the most complex and difficult questions we face as a society', including privacy, democracy and free speech.
'I believe that Facebook must continue to play a role in finding answers to those questions,' he added.
Mr Clegg served as the UK's deputy prime minister from 2010 to 2015 in a coalition government between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats, the party he headed.
He served as an MP from 2005 until 2017, when he lost his Sheffield Hallam seat to Labour.
Since losing his seat he has appeared on his radio programme and been a vocal opponent of Brexit and even took part in the 'People's Vote' march in London in June of this year.


Menlyn Boutique Hotel offers fully equipped, state of the art conference facilities. Our boutique approach to conferencing creates a private and personalised environment combined with five-star catering.
Our various seating plans can comfortably accommodate small groups of up to 80 guests. Conference rooms can be opened up into the surrounding areas and the restaurant to accommodate functions, birthdays and weddings.


Complete them both. Probably two of the best games I have played in a long time.
IF you haven't already, download them and give them a shot, even in medium / low graphics if that's all you can do.
Wolfenstein I enjoyed a bit more but both games are superb.


Most people find the process of looking for a competent worker compensation attorney very difficult. This is because there are numerous worker compensation lawyers in Houston. To find the best worker compensation lawyer to use, you need to familiarize yourself with the quality of services offered by various worker compensation lawyers available in the market. This will give you the information necessary to identify the most competent worker compensation attorney to employ. It is also essential to seek advice from an expert before you employ a worker compensation lawyer. Before you make your selection, it is essential to put things like the worker compensation lawyers experience into consideration. In most cases, people that choose the first worker compensation attorney they find without researching adequately end up regretting their selection. Therefore, ensure that you are committed when choosing a worker compensation attorney. Below are tips to help you find the best worker compensation attorney in Houston.
The experience of the worker compensation attorney is the second factor to consider. It is essential to hire the services of the most experienced worker compensation lawyer in Houston. This is because the level of the chosen worker compensation attorney experience plays a vital role in determining the quality of services offered by the worker compensation attorney. Evaluating the worker compensation attorneys portfolios is a good way to discover the lawyers experience. Reaching to some of the people that have used the chosen worker compensation attorney before will enable you to discover their level of experience. Avoid using worker compensation lawyer that are unable to verify their experience level. Only use a worker compensation attorney that has been in operation for more than four years.
Finally, consider the reputation of the worker compensation lawyer. Make sure that you select a worker compensation attorney with a good reputation in Houston. Reading the online reviews of the worker compensation lawyer is a good way to discover their reputation. Reading the reviews of the worker compensation attorney should allow you to make an informed selection. It is essential to choose the worker compensation attorney with the least number of negative reviews. Ensure that you know everything about the chosen worker compensation attorney before you commit to hiring their services.


At Visual Tools, it is our passion to offer creative visual media to individuals and businesses alike. Matterport 3D Walkthroughs, short-video productions, virtual staging, timelapse photography, logo animations, graphics, and brand strategy services are just a few of the services we provide. Visual Tools is poised to bring you the creative solutions that will take your marketing efforts to the next level!
Matterport 3D Torus are a true multi-purpose tool, proven to be extremely valuable across many different industries and business types. Perhaps you would like to showcase a storefront on Google Street View. Maybe you own a concert venue and want to use 3D to prospect online for tenants. The possibilities are virtually endless. These 3D models can be viewed on any device including a VR headset, mobile device, computer, and tablet. This content can also be used to generate 2D still photos, video, GIFs, while also providing full data tracking.
Let the world transform right in front of our lenses! Timelapse photography is an incredible and versatile tool that can be used for long or short periods of time. These amazing timelapse videos look great on custom webpages, marketing material, film, and many other forms of media content.
At Visual Tools, our talented graphics & animation team provides services such as custom graphics/logo design, animation, illustrations, quick-explainer videos, video motion graphics, and much more.
Aerial Photography. Whether you're looking to showcase an event through the air, take comprehensive photos of a commercial job site, or just need raw footage, Visual Tools has the services and equipment you need.
Google Street View Tours. Thanks to a recent partnership between Matterport 3D and Google Street View, we are now capable of uploading 3D tours of a business or storefront to Google Street View's interface. This provides the opportunity to showcase products and venues to online customers.
Construction & Remodel. Visual Tools partners with members of the construction and remodeling industries. Whether it be progress updates or before-and-after shots, the versatility of Visual Tools' services can most likely get the job done!


In Wessex, a visitor feels a common sense of place that is reflected in its history, its countryside, its historic market towns and villages and in the way of life of its people.
No part of England offers a greater variety of outstanding natural, built and cultural heritage. Among the attractions featured here are three World Heritage Sites, cathedrals, abbeys, castles and almost 100 carefully selected historic houses and gardens. Then, there are the miles and miles of beautiful English countryside including national parks and designated areas of natural beauty.
Come and visit us and see for yourselves why we so confidently claim that Wessex is an outstanding destination.


It seems a bit of an odd deal, but it is reported that "Macmillan will distribute English language e-books of Entangled's new publications in all domestic and international markets and for all platforms where Macmillan currently does business."
Dearauthor wonders, will it affect their low prices?
Entangled is an odd duck with high powered staff and backers. They seem to do very well, but with occasional detours into WTFery.


I Just Received a Diagnosis as an Adult — Now What?!
Life has been difficult at times, and I now understand a bit about why I seemed to be different from everyone else growing up, why I had trouble understanding and following social rules, why I struggled understanding people's emotional reactions, and why I didn't necessarily feel the way others felt when emotionally charged information was presented.
School was rough, except for the subjects I truly enjoyed! I never realized that the difference I became aware of and was experiencing is part of a diagnosable condition, Autism Spectrum Disorder.
You should know that there are few, if any, mandated supports for adults with ASD. In fact, unless there are other co-occurring conditions, an adult with ASD may not be eligible for any government supports. The following articles contained within the CAR Autism Roadmap™ will help you learn about supports that may be available to you.
You may want to consider finding a therapist who can help you talk through your feelings about the diagnosis or one who can help you work on social skills or any other area that may be a concern to you. Look through the Mental/Behavioral Health section of the CAR Resource Directory™ to find someone who can help.
Private Therapy: Is It Right for Me?
Your recent diagnosis of ASD does not change who you are. But it may help you to understand yourself and your past better. And it may help you take charge of your future. Get started learning more about your new diagnosis today by visiting the CAR Autism Roadmap™. Articles relevant to adulthood can be easily accessed by using the "Age" filter when browsing.


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In Defence of October
Socialism and War
1917	Leon Trotsky	Books	History
Yanovka
Our Neighbors and My First School
Odessa: My Family and My School
Books and Early Conflicts
Country and Town
My First Revolutionary Organization
My First Prisons
My First Exile
My First Escape
An Immigrant for the First Time
The Party Congress and the Split
The Return to Russia
Trial, Exile, Escape
My Second Foreign Exile: German Socialism
Preparing for a New Revolution
The Beginning or The War
Paris and Zimmerwald
My Expulsion From France
Through Spain
In A Concentration Camp
In Petrograd
Concerning Slanderers
From July to October
The Deciding Night
Trotskyism in 1917
Negotiations at Brest-Litovsk
A Month at Sviyazhsh
The Defense of Petrograd
The Military Opposition
Disagreements Over War Strategy
The Transition to the New Economic Policy, and My Relations With Lenin
Lenin's Illness
The Conspiracy of the Epigones
Lenin's Death and the Shift of Power
The Last Period of Struggle Within the Party
The Deportation
The Planet Without a Visa
The October strike did not develop according to plan. It began with the printers in Moscow, and then subsided slowly. The decisive fights had been planned by the par ties for the anniversary of the Bloody Sunday (January 22). That is why I was completing my work in my Finnish refuge without haste. But an accidental strike that was already in its last gasps suddenly spread to the railways and went off at a gallop. After October 10 of that year, the strike, now with political slogans, spread from Moscow throughout the country. No such general strike had ever been seen anywhere before. In many towns there were clashes with the troops. But, taken by and large, the October events remained on the plane of a political strike and never took on the character of an armed up rising. Absolutism lost its head, however, and retreated. On October 17 1 it announced the Constitutional Manifesto. It is true that injured Czarism retained the apparatus of power. The government policy was more than ever, to use the words of Witte, "a mixture of cowardice, blindness, treachery and stupidity." Nevertheless, the revolution won its first victory, a victory not complete in itself, but one which promised much.
"The most important part of the Russian revolution of 1905," the same Witte wrote later, "was, of course, in the slogan of the peasantry: 'Give us land.'" With this one can agree. But Witte goes on to say: "I did not attribute much importance to the Soviet of Workers. Nor did it have any." This only proves that even the most gifted of bureaucrats did not understand the significance of the events which were the last warning to the ruling classes. Witte died in time to avoid having to revise his views on the importance of the workers' Soviets.
I arrived in St. Petersburg when the October strike was at its peak. The wave of strikes was sweeping farther and farther, but there was danger that the movement, not being controlled by a central organization, would die down without any results. I came from Finland with a plan for an elected non-party organization, with delegates who represented each a thousand workers. From a writer named Iordansky (later, the Soviet ambassador to Italy) I learned, on the day of my arrival, that the Mensheviks had already launched the slogan of an elected revolutionary organization on the basis of one delegate to five hundred men. This was the right thing to do. The part of the Bolshevik Central Committee then in St. Petersburg resolutely opposed an elected non-party organization because it was afraid of competition with the party. At the same time, the Bolshevik workers were entirely free of this fear. The sectarian attitude of the Bolshevik leaders toward the Soviet lasted until Lenin's arrival in November.
One could write an instructive chapter on the leadership of the Leninists without Lenin. The latter towered so high above his nearest disciples that in his presence they felt that there was no need of their solving theoretical and tactical problems independently. When they happened to be separated from Lenin at a critical moment, they amazed one by their utter helplessness. This was the situation in the autumn of 1905, and again in the spring of 1917. In both instances, as in others of less importance historically, the rank-and-file of the party sensed the correct line of action much better than did their semi-leaders when the latter were thrown on their own resources. Lenin's delay in arriving from abroad was one of the things that prevented the Bolshevik faction from gaining a leading position in the events of the first revolution.
I have already mentioned the fact that N.I. Sedova had been made prisoner during a cavalry raid on a Mayday meeting in the woods. She served about six months in prison and was then sent to live under police supervision at Tver. After the October Manifesto, she returned to St. Petersburg. Under the names of Mr. and Mrs. Vikentiyev, we rented a room in the apartment of a man who turned out to be a gambler on the stock exchange. Business in the stock-market was bad, and many a speculator had to take in roomers. Newsboys brought us all the published papers every morning. Our landlord would sometimes borrow them from my wife, read them, and gnash his teeth. His affairs were constantly getting worse. One day he burst into our room waving a newspaper wildly. "Look," he yelled, as he pointed his finger at my newly written article Good morning, St. Petersburg janitors! "Look, they are now reaching out for the janitors! If I came across the jailbird I would shoot him with this gun!" And he pulled a gun out of his pocket and shook it in the air. He looked like a maniac. He wanted sympathy. My wife came to my office at the newspaper with this disturbing news. We felt we had to look for new quarters. But we didn't have a free minute; so we trusted to fate. We stayed on with this despairing speculator until my arrest. Fortunately, neither he nor the police ever learned the identity of Vikentiyev. After my arrest our room was not even searched.
In the Soviet I was known by the name of Yanovsky, after the village in which I was born. In the press I wrote as Trotsky. I had to work for three newspapers. With Parvus I took over the tiny Russian Gazette and transformed it into a fighting organ for the masses. Within a few days the circulation rose from thirty thousand to one hundred thousand. A month later, it had reached the half-million mark. But our technical resources could not keep up with the growth of the paper. We were finally extricated from our difficulties by the government raid.
On November 13 (26), in alliance with the Mensheviks, we had started a big political organ, Nachalo (The Beginning). The paper's circulation was jumping by leaps and bounds. Without Lenin, the Bolshevik Novaya Zhizn (The New Life) was rather drab. The Nachalo, on the other hand, had a tremendous success. I think this paper, more than any other publication of the past half-century, resembled its classic prototype, the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, which was published by Marx in 1848. Kamenev, one of the editors of the Novaya Zhizn, told me afterward how he watched the sale of newspapers at the stations when he was passing through by train. The St. Petersburg train was awaited by endless lines. The demand was only for revolutionary papers. "Nachalo, Nachalo, Nachalo," came the cry of the waiting crowds. "Novaya Zhiin," and then again, "Nachalo, Nachalo, Nachalo." "Then I said to myself, with a feeling of resentment," Kamenev confessed, "they do write better in the Nachalo than we do."
Besides the Russian Gazette and Nachalo, I also wrote editorials for the Izvestia (The News), the official Soviet organ, as well as numerous appeals, manifestoes and resolutions. The fifty-two days of the existence of the first Soviet were filled to the brim with work the Soviet, the Executive Committee, endless meetings, and three newspapers. How we managed to live in this whirlpool is still not clear, even to me. But much of the past seems inconceivable because as we remember it we lose the element of activity; we look at ourselves from outside. Where as in those days we were sufficiently active. We not only whirled in the vortex, but we helped to create it. Everything was done in a hurry, but, after all, not so badly, and some things were even done very well. Our accountable editor, an old democrat, Dr. D.M. Hertzenstein, would drop in sometimes at the Nachalo offices, dressed in an immaculate Prince Albert coat. He would stand in the middle of the room and watch our chaos affectionately. A year later he had to answer in court the charges brought against him for the revolutionary fury of a newspaper over which he had not the least influence. The old man did not renounce us. On the contrary, with tears in his eyes, he told the court how, while editing the most popular pa per, we fed ourselves between work on stale "pirozhki" which the doorman brought, wrapped in paper, from the nearest bakery. The old man had to serve a year in prison for the revolution which did not succeed, for the émigré fraternity, and for stale "pirozhki."
In his memoirs Witte wrote afterward that in 1905 "the vast majority of the people seemed to go mad." Revolution appears to a conservative as collective madness only because it raises the "normal" insanity of social contradictions to the highest possible tension. Just as people dislike to recognize themselves in a bold caricature. And yet the entire modern development condenses, strains, and accentuates the contradictions and makes them unbearable, consequently preparing that state of mind when the great majority "goes mad." But in such cases, the insane majority puts the straitjacket on the sane minority. Thanks to this, history keeps moving along.
A revolutionary chaos is not at all like an earthquake or a flood. In the confusion of a revolution, a new order begins to take shape instantly; men and ideas distribute themselves naturally in new channels. Revolution appears as utter madness only to those whom it sweeps aside and overthrows. To us it was different. We were in our own element, albeit a very stormy one. A time and place was found for everything. Some were even able to lead personal lives, to fall in love, to make new friends and actually to visit revolutionary theatres. Parvus, for instance, was so taken with a new satirical play that he bought fifty tickets for the next performance and invited his friends. (I must explain that the day before he had been paid for his books.) When he was arrested, the police found fifty theatre-tickets in his pockets, and for a long time racked their brains over this revolutionary puzzle. They did not know that Parvus did everything on a large scale.
The Soviet roused great masses of people. The workers supported it to a man. In the country, disturbances continued, as they did among the troops who were returning home from the Far East after the Peace of Portsmouth. But the guards and the Cossack regiments stood firm. All the elements that go to make a successful revolution were there, but they did not mature.
On October 18, the day after the promulgation of the manifesto, tens of thousands of people were standing in front of the University of St. Petersburg, aroused by the struggle and intoxicated with the joy of their first victory. I shouted to them from the balcony not to trust an incomplete victory, that the enemy was stubborn, that there were traps ahead; I tore the Czar's manifesto into pieces and scattered them to the winds. But such political warnings only scratch the surface of the mass consciousness. The masses need the schooling of big events.
In this connection, I remember two scenes during the life of the St. Petersburg Soviet. One was on October 29, when the city was filled with rumors of pogroms being prepared by the Black Hundred. The delegates came straight from their workshops to the meeting, and showed samples of the weapons that were being made by the workers against the Black Hundred. They shook their knives, knuckles, daggers and wire whips in the air, but more in good humor than seriously, and with much jesting. They seemed to believe that their readiness to face the enemy was enough to solve the problem. Most of them did not seem to realize that it was a life-or-death struggle. But that they learned in the December days.
On the evening of December 3, the St. Petersburg Soviet was surrounded by troops. All the exits and entrances were closed. From the balcony where the Executive Committee was in session, I shouted down to the hundreds of delegates who were crowding the hall: "No resistance to be made, no arms to be surrendered." The arms were revolvers. And then, in the meeting-hall, already surrounded on all sides by detachments of infantry, cavalry and artillery, the workers began to wreck their arms. They did it with practised hands, striking a Mauser with a Browning and a Browning with a Mauser. And this time it did not have the sound of a jest, as it had on October 29. In the clashing and creaking of twisting metal one heard the gnashing teeth of a proletariat who for the first time fully realized that a more formidable and more ruthless effort was necessary to overthrow and crush the enemy.
The partial victory of the October strike had for me a tremendous theoretical as well as political importance. It was not the opposition of the liberal bourgeoisie, not the elemental risings of the peasantry or the terrorist acts of the intelligentsia, but the strike of the workers that for the first time brought Czarism to its knees. The revolutionary leadership of the proletariat revealed itself as an incontrovertible fact. I fell that the theory of permanent revolution had withstood its first test successfully. Revolution was obviously opening up to the proletariat the prospect of seizing the power. The years of reaction which soon followed failed to make me move from this position. But from these premises I also drew my conclusions about the West. If the young proletariat of Russia could be so formidable, how mighty the revolutionary power of the proletariat of the more advanced countries would be!
Writing afterward in the inexact and slovenly manner which is peculiar to him, Lunacharsky described my revolutionary concept as follows: "Comrade Trotsky held in 1905 that the two revolutions (the bourgeois and socialist), although they do not coincide, are bound to each other in such a way that they make a permanent revolution. After they have entered upon the revolutionary period through a bourgeois political revolution, the Russian section of the world, along with the rest, will not be able to escape from this period until the Social Revolution has been completed. It cannot be denied that in formulating this view Comrade Trotsky showed great insight and vision, albeit he erred to the extent of fifteen years."
The remark about my error of fifteen years does not become any more profound through its later repetition by Radek. All our estimates and slogans of 1905 were based on the assumption of a victorious revolution, and not of a defeat. We achieved then neither a republic nor a transfer of land, nor even an eight-hour day. Does it mean that we erred in putting these demands forward? The defeat of the revolution blanketed all prospects not merely those which I had been expounding. The question was not of the dates of revolution but of the analysis of its inner forces and of foreseeing its progress as a whole.
What were the relations between Lenin and me during the revolution of 1905? Since his death the official history has been revised, and for 1905 as well, a struggle has been established between the powers of good and evil. What were the facts? Lenin took no active part in the work of the Soviet, and he never spoke there. It goes without saying that he watched its every step intently; he influenced its policies through the representatives of the Bolshevik faction and ex pounded its work in his paper. There was not a question in which he disagreed with the Soviet policies. And yet the documents are witnesses all the decisions of the Soviet, with the exception perhaps of a few that were accidental and unimportant, were shaped by me; I submitted them first to the Executive Committee, and then, in its name, I placed them b fore the Soviet. When the federative commission was formed of representatives of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, again it was I who had to appear as its representative before the Executive Committee. And there was never a conflict in that connection.
The first president of the Soviet was elected before my arrival from Finland. He was a young lawyer, Khrustalyov, an accidental figure in the revolution, representing an intermediate stage between Gapon and the Social Democracy. Khrustalyov presided, but he had no real political leadership. After his arrest a "presidium" was elected, and I was at the head of it. Sverchkov, one of the prominent members of the Soviet, writes in his memoirs: "The intellectual leader of the Soviet was L.D. Trotsky. The president of the Soviet, Nosar-Khrustalyov, was really a screen, for he was never able to solve a single question of principle himself. A man with an exaggerated vanity which was almost an illness with him, he came to hate L.D. Trotsky because of the very necessity of referring to him for advice and direction." Lunacharsky relates in his memoirs: "I remember somebody saying in Lenin's presence: 'The star of Khrustalyov is setting. To-day the strong man in the Soviet is Trotsky.' For a moment Lenin's expression seemed to darken; then he said, 'Well, Trotsky has won this by his tireless and striking work.'"
The relations between the editors of the two papers were most friendly. They engaged in no polemics against each other. "The first number of the Nachalohas come out," wrote the Bolshevik Novaya Zhizn. "We welcome a comrade in the struggle. The first issue is notable for the brilliant description of the October strike written by Comrade Trotsky." People don't write in this way when they are fighting with each other. But there was no fighting. On the contrary, the papers defended each other against bourgeois criticism. The Novaya Zhizn, even after the arrival of Lenin, came out with a defense of my articles on the permanent revolution. Both newspapers, as well as the two factions, followed the line of the restoration of party unity. The central committee of the Bolsheviks, with Lenin participating, passed a unanimous resolution to the effect that the split was merely the result of the conditions of foreign exile, and the events of the revolution had deprived the factional struggle of any reasonable grounds. I defended the same line in the Nachalo, with only a passive resistance from Martov.
Under the pressure of the masses, the Mensheviks in the Soviet during its first period did their utmost to keep in line with the left flank. A change in their position took place only after the first blow of the reaction. In February, 1906, the leader of the Mensheviks, Martov, complained in a letter to Axelrod: "For two months now ... I have not been able to finish any of the writing I have started. It is either neurasthenia or mental fatigue but I cannot gather my thoughts together." Martov did not know what to call his illness. But it has quite a definite name: "Menshevism." In an epoch of revolution, opportunism means, first of all, vacillation and inability "to gather one's thoughts."
While the Mensheviks were beginning to repent publicly and to criticise the policy of the Soviet, I defended that policy in the Russian press, and later in the German publications, as well as in the Polish magazine edited by Rosa Luxemburg. Out of this struggle for the methods and traditions of 1905, came my book, at first entitled Russia in the Revolution, and later reprinted many times in various countries under the title of 1905. After the October revolution, this book was regarded as the official text-book of the party, not only in Russia, but among the communist parties in the West as well. Only after Lenin's death, when a carefully prepared campaign was started against me, did this book of mine on 1905 come under fire. At first the attack was confined to a few captious remarks, which were sorry and trivial. But gradually the criticism became more daring; it grew and multiplied, became more involved and arrogant, and seemed all the noisier because it had to silence its own distress. In this way was created the legend of the struggle of Lenin's and Trotsky's policies during the revolution of 1905.
The revolution of 1905 made a break in the life of the country, in the life of the party, and in my own life. The break was in the direction of greater maturity. My first revolutionary work in Nikolayev was a provincial experiment gropingly carried out. The experiment did not go without leaving a trace. Never in my later life, it seems, did I come into such intimate contact with the plain workers as in Nikolayev. At that time I had no "name," and there was nothing to stand between us. The principal types of the Russian proletariat impressed themselves on my consciousness forever. In the years that followed, I encountered almost no one who was not a variant of one of these types. In prison, I had to start my revolutionary education almost from the ABC's. Two and a half years in prison and two years of exile in Siberia gave me the theoretical foundations for a revolutionary view of life. My first stay abroad was my school for political education. Under the guidance of distinguished Marxist revolutionaries, I was learning to understand events in a wide historical perspective and in their international connection. Toward the end of my foreign stay, I cut myself adrift from both of the leading groups, the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. I came to Russia in February of 1905; the other émigré leaders did not come until October and November. Among the Russian comrades, there was not one from whom I could learn anything. On the contrary, I had to assume the position of teacher myself. The events of the stormy years were coming swiftly, one upon the heels of another. One had to occupy one's position there on the spot. A proclamation with the ink barely dry on it went straight to the underground printers. The theoretical foundations laid in prison and in exile, the political method assimilated abroad, now for the first time found practical application in war. I was confident in the face of events. I understood their inner mechanism, or at least so I believed. I visualized their effect on the minds of the workers, and envisaged, in its main features, the next day to come. From February to October, my participation in the events was chiefly of a literary nature. In October, I plunged headlong into the gigantic whirlpool, which, in a personal sense, was the greatest test for my powers. Decisions had to be made under fire. I can't help noting here that those decisions came to me quite obviously. I did not turn back to see what others might say, and I very seldom had opportunity to consult anybody; everything had to be done in such a hurry. Later, I observed with astonishment and a sense of estrangement how every event caught the cleverest of the Mensheviks, Martov, unawares and threw him into confusion. Without thinking about it there was too little time left for self-examination I organically felt that my years of apprenticeship were over, although not in the sense that I stopped learning. No the urge and willingness to learn I have carried through my whole life in all their first intensity. But in the years that followed I have been learning as a master learns, and not as a pupil. At the time of my second arrest I was 26. And the acknowledgment of my maturity came from old Deutsch, who, in prison, solemnly foreswore calling me "youth," and addressed me by my full name.
In his book Silhouettes, already quoted here, and which is now under a ban, Lunacharsky gives the following estimate of the parts played by the leaders of the first revolution:
"His [Trotsky's] popularity among the St. Petersburg proletariat was very great by the time of his arrest, and was increased still further by his strikingly effective [?] and heroic [?] behavior at the trial. I must say that Trotsky, of all the Social Democratic leaders of 1905, undoubtedly showed himself, in spite of his youth, the best prepared; and he was the least stamped by the narrow émigré outlook which, as I said before, handicapped even Lenin. He realized better than the others what a state struggle is. He came out of the revolution, too, with the greatest gains in popularity; neither Lenin nor Martov gained much. Plekhanov lost a great deal because of the semi-liberal tendencies which he revealed. But Trotsky from then on was in the front rank."
These lines, written in 1923, are all the more expressive because to-day Lunacharsky, not very "effectively" and not very "heroically," is writing their exact opposite.
No great work is possible without intuition that is, without that subconscious sense which, although it may be developed and enriched by theoretical and practical work, must be in grained in the very nature of the individual. Neither theoretical education nor practical routine can replace the political in sight which enables one to apprehend a situation, weigh it as a whole, and foresee the future. This gift takes on decisive importance at a time of abrupt changes and breaks the conditions of revolution. The events of 1905 revealed in me, I believe, this revolutionary intuition, and enabled me to rely on its assured support during my later life. I must add here that the errors which I have committed, however important they may have been and some of them were of extreme importance always referred to questions that were not fundamental or strategic, but dealt rather with such derivative matters as organization and policy. In all conscientiousness, I cannot, in the appreciation of the political situation as a whole and of its revolutionary perspectives, accuse myself of any serious errors of judgment.
In Russian life, the revolution of 1905 was the dress rehearsal for the revolution of 1917. That was its significance in my personal life as well. I took part in the events of 1917 with absolute resolution and confidence, because they were merely a continuation and development of the revolutionary activity which had been interrupted by the arrest of the St. Petersburg Soviet on December 3, 1905.
The arrest took place a day after we had published our so-called financial manifesto, which proclaimed that the financial bankruptcy of Czarism was inevitable, and issued a categorical warning that the debts incurred by the Romanovs would not be recognized by the victorious nation. "The autocracy never enjoyed the confidence of the people," said the manifesto of the Soviet of Workers' Delegates, "and was never granted any authority by the people. We have therefore decided not to allow the repayment of such loans as have been made by the Czarist government when openly engaged in a war with the entire people."
The French Bourse answered our manifesto a few months later with a new loan of three-quarters of a million francs. The liberal and reactionary press poured sarcasm over the important threat of the Soviet against the Czar's finances and the European bankers. In later years, the manifesto was successfully forgotten but it recalled itself to mind. The financial bankruptcy of Czarism, prepared for by its whole past history, coincided with the military debacle. And later, after the victories of the revolution, the decree of the Soviet of People's Commissaries, issued on February 10, 1918, declared all the Czarist debts annulled. This decree remains in force even to this day. It is wrong to say, as some do, that the October revolution does not recognize any obligations: its ownobligations the revolution recognizes to the full. The obligation that it took upon itself on December 2, 1905, it carried out on February 10, 1917. The revolution is fully entitled to remind the creditors of Czarism: "Gentlemen, you were warned in ample time."
In this respect, as in others, the year 1905 was a preparation for the year 1917.
1. [The date is according to the Julian calendar which was in use in Russia before the Revolution, and corresponds to October 30 in the Gregorian calendar a difference of thirteen days. Where a double date is quoted the one in parentheses represents the Gregorian calendar.]↩
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Download "Welcome to Lord of Life Lutheran Church"
6 Chancel Choir This choir sings on Sundays at either the 8:30 am or 10:30 am worship service. Rehearsals are on Thursday at 3:00 pm in the Chapel. This choir is active October - April. Celebration Choir This choir sings twice a month on Saturday at 5:00 pm and twice a month at the 8:30 am Sunday worship service. Rehearsals are on Wednesday at 3:00 pm in the Chapel. This choir is active October - April. Bell Choir Handbell choir requires individuals who can read music. Rehearsals are at 12:30 pm on Thursday. This choir is active October - April. A Cappella Singers This a cappella choir sings periodically at worship and special concerts. This is Music Opportunities The only choir requiring auditions. Rehearsals are at 10:30 am on Thursday during the winter. Visitation Choir This group travels to local care facilities to bring the love of Christ to those who find it difficult to attend church services. No rehearsals required just come and enjoy sharing music year round.. Instrumentalists A variety of string instruments (including guitar, bass, violin, cello, etc.) and wind instruments (including brass, flute, clarinet, oboe, etc.) add depth and diversity to our worship of God. Soloists/Small Groups Soloists and small groups are always welcome to share their gifts in a worship setting. Education Opportunities Congregational Small Group Studies Everyone is invited to participate in Bible studies during the fall and winter months. These groups meet both at church and in homes. Eye Opener Bible Study This is an opportunity to study the Biblical texts for the week. It is led by a Pastor and meets at 7:30 am on Wednesday. Men s Bible Study All men are invited to meet at a local restaurant every Thursday morning at 7:30 am for a breakfast Bible study. Women of the ELCA Bible Study Our women have numerous small groups called Circles which meet monthly, providing fellowship and Bible Study. Additional events are planned throughout the year. Women s Bible Study This group meets on Wednesday mornings at 10:00 am to study various subjects. -6- Special Classes / Discussion Series Throughout the year a variety of classes, retreats, and special speakers are also scheduled. Five Wishes This is a unique program that gives people an opportunity to express their end-oflife wishes in straightforward, understandable language. It is offered at regular intervals and includes funeral/memorial service planning suggestions. Library The Library contains books, audio, video tapes, CDs, DVDs and a network link. The library is open from 8:00 am 4:00 pm Monday Friday, anytime there are evening activities in the Social Hall and on Sunday morning.
11 Other Events and Activities We welcome you to join us at the many special events that are scheduled throughout the year. Please watch our newsletter and announcement bulletins for current information.


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Nicolae Lupu  (n. 4 noiembrie 1876, (Arsura, jud. Vaslui) – d. 1947) a fost un politician român, de profesie medic, activ în Partidul Țărănesc, apoi membru în conducerea Partidului Național-Țărănesc. S-a separat de PNȚ în două rânduri, constituind mai întâi în 1927 o aripă dizidentă de stânga. În 1946, Nicolae Lupu a părăsit Partidul Național-Țărănesc și a format Partidul Țărănesc Democrat, formațiune care s-a coalizat cu PCR. Nicolae Lupu a părăsit Partidul Național-Țărănesc în semn de protest împotriva politicii sale anti-sovietice.

În contextul creșterii influenței comuniștilor, doctorul Lupu s-a lansat într-o campanie de critici la adresa lui Iuliu Maniu. Lupu i-a cerut președintelui țărănist să se retragă de la conducerea partidului și să-i lase lui locul, pentru a reorienta partidul spre stânga. Maniu nu a fost de acord, ceea ce a determinat ruperea grupării Lupu și înființarea Partidului Țărănesc Democrat.

Nicolae Lupu a decedat în urma unui atac cardiac.

Note

Nașteri în 1876
Nașteri pe 4 noiembrie
Decese în 1947
Medici români
Politicieni români
Români din Transilvania
Români din Austro-Ungaria
Membri PNȚ

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Waizenkirchen – gmina targowa w Austrii, w kraju związkowym Górna Austria, w powiecie Grieskirchen. Liczy 3 641 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Gminy w powiecie Grieskirchen


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Gianyar is one of nine regencies or cities in Bali which has the most numerous of archeological heritage from the prehistoric to either historic times of the kingdoms periods in Bali.Many relics were found at along the river Patanu that lies between the district of Blahbatuh and Tampaksiring. An admiration of the ancient Bali, Rumphius first published a book in 1750 titled "Amboinche Reteitkamer" and also the notes of his journey with W.O.J Niurenkamp's in 1905 about the archeological sites.In the pre-historic times, found some archeological relics such as cave, stone tools, sarcophagus and some others.Those are still stored in Archaeological Museum' Purbakala" in Bedulu.
Few evidences in a very simple level have been found in the period of hunting and gathering food. In Gianyar regency, the stone tools which were specifically used in the period of hunting are stored in Gedung Arca Museum Bedulu and can be classified as perimbas ax, hood handheld, handheld chisel, shaved, and the others. The life in the period of hunting and gathering food was entirely dependent on the natural environment. They lived wandering from one place to another.
People's lives in this period have had strong foundations compared to the past. Smithery period was characterized by a rapid of the technological advances of metallurgy, i.e. the findings of metal ores and metal melting way to serve varieties of objects. Number of objects made of bronze have been found in the area as a result of amazing work and high creativity. One of the famous found objects from this period is the bronze, Nekara which is still saved and sanctified by the people in the temple Penataran Sasih, Pejeng.
In this period, Bali has already entered the era of history, with the discovery of clay stupikas around the village of Pejeng, Bedulu, and Pura Pegulingan Basangambu Manukaya in Basangambu village, Tampaksiring in 700 Saka (778 M). This was the time when the written stone inscriptions and Buddhist Mantram stamp found dating from 804 Saka or 882 (8th century). The existing heritages are closely related to the development of several dynasties of ancient Balinese kings like Singamandewa dynasty, the ruling dynasty of Warmadewa from the 8th to the 14th century following the influence of the kingdom of Majapahit to Bali.


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The business has a number of mobile skip bins ranging from 6-25 cubic metres to with standard bin being 13 cubes.
Adelaide Rubbish will come your site load the rubbish into our mobile skip bins, then keep going to the next site. All you as the client needs to do is let us know what is going and our team will take care of the rest. There is only a minimum requirement of 2 cubic metres, with no maximum volume.
You only pay for the volume removed, not on the skip bin size being used & we collect it from where it is on the property.
The service Adelaide Rubbish offers is a cost-effective method of removing rubbish. You do have a skip bin blocking your driveway or damaging your paving. Our teams turn up, load the rubbish into the mobile skip bins and leave. There is also no need to get a council permit. Why not give Clive a call to see how how easy it is.
Hard Waste Collection – what is hard waste and how do you get rid of it?
We at Adelaide Rubbish pride ourselves in being experts in hard waste collection and removal.
Getting rid of hard waste is more difficult than it sounds. The weekly rubbish pick up won't take it and it is difficult to know where the nearest recycling centre is. You may not even have the right vehicle to transport it. So what do you do? The answer is simple: you hire a company that provides a hard waste collection service.
First of all let's clarify what hard rubbish is exactly. It refers to unwanted items that have certain disposal requirements like white good and mattresses. Certain kinds of garden waste like branches also fall into this category. Usually, when we talk about hard waste collection, it means big, bulky items that are difficult move. Examples include dishwashers, fridges, freezers, washing machines and the like.
Why do these items pose a challenge?
These items pose a challenge because most local authorities only offer one hard waste collection a year. It is hard to believe bit it is true. This means that you cannot dispose of your large items in the normal collection. This means that you need to dispose of hard waste items yourself or make alternative arrangements for hard waste collection.
If there's no hard waste collection, I can do it myself, right?
Yes you can, providing you have a suitable vehicle and are within distance of a recycling center. Not everybody has a truck or trailer to transport such items. Furthermore, it may require several trips depending on how much you need to dispose of. This can be very time consuming and inconvenient. Don't forget that moving large items like fridges and dishwashers can result in injury if you are not familiar with lifting and moving heavy items.
Fortunately, there is an easier way! A hard waste collection service will dispose all of your unwanted hard waste for you.
If you need a hard waste collection service, call Adelaide Rubbish. We provide reputable and reliable hard waste collection when you want it. We are able to remove those large, bulky items that are difficult to handle. Our experienced staff know how to move them quickly and safely, saving you time and effort. We have state of the art mobile skip bins meaning we can turn up, load up the skip bins and remove your rubbish straight away. It is quick, easy and hassle free. Importantly, it is very affordable because we only charge by the volume taken away so there are no call out charges or hidden fees.
Why make it any more difficult than it needs to be? Save yourself time and effort by calling Adelaide Rubbish for your hard waste collection requirements. Call us today!
When managing your household waste, it is important to understand how waste collection in Adelaide is managed so you know what can be included in the standard refuse collection provided by the council and what can't.
Adelaide City Council has certain rules and regulations for waste collection in Adelaide – make sure you are fully compliant. Read on for advice.
What are the different bins for?
The red bin is for general household waste that is not organic and cannot be recycled. This includes plastics, cat litter, aluminium foil, used nappies, clothes and polystyrene foam. Waste collection in Adelaide means that this bin is collected weekly.
The yellow bin is for recycling. This is for paper, cardboard, glass, cans, tins and plastic drinks bottles etc. Waste collection in Adelaide means that this bin is collected every two weeks.
The green bin is for organic waste. This is for food remnants, bio-degradable nappies, shredded paper and cardboard, pet droppings and garden waste like leaves, grass and flowers. Waste collection in Adelaide means this bin is collected every two weeks.
What does the council do about hard waste collection in Adelaide?
Hard waste collection covers white goods, garden waste and items that have special disposal requirements like tyres and mattresses. If you have any electronic objects, furniture, scrap metal, timber or kitchen appliances, these cannot be included in the normal waste collection in Adelaide. There is special hard waste collection in Adelaide four times a year.
The infrequency of hard waste collection in Adelaide creates a lot of problems for people who need to discard their rubbish and cannot wait for the next pickup. If you are moving house, having a clear out or are running a commercial or industrial business, you need a service that suits you. If you simply cannot wait for the council's hard waste collection, you should look at a reputable company to do it for you.
You need a reputable company to provide the best service in waste collection in Adelaide. Adelaide Rubbish provides a modern and effective way of dealing with your refuse by providing mobile skip bins which arrive at your property and load your unwanted items for you. They charge only for the volume and not per day, meaning it is a cost-effective option. All you need to do is show the professionals what you want taken away and they will load the bins and take everything away immediately. This removes the hassle of a having a large traditional skip in your drive way. It is a fast, effective and affordable approach to waste collection in Adelaide.
If you require the top level of waste collection in Adelaide for your home or business, contact Adelaide Rubbish for a competitive quote and arrange a collection at a time that suits you.


text:
Chiffres de la COVID-19 au Québec: «François Legault a perdu contrôle
Covit-19: 1,256 new cases in Quebec
Arnold Cannon December 5, 2021 2 min read
Quebec has reported 1,256 new COVID-19 cases and one death, bringing the total to 454,636 victims and 11,587 deaths since the outbreak.
A quarter of children between the ages of 5 and 11 have already been vaccinated in Quebec, according to the most recent provincial data released on Sunday in the wake of a resumption of the epidemic.
To date, more than 166,000 children have received the first dose of the Govit-19 vaccine, which is 25% of eligible adolescents.
This rapid increase in vaccination is timely, as Quebec continues to pile up new diseases at a pace reminiscent of the third wave last spring.
As usual, more than half of those who are not vaccinated – including children – or 661 continue to be infected, although this group makes up only 22.2% of the population. Fully vaccinated people account for 570 COVID-19 cases, while they make up 75.4% of the population.
With regard to hospitalization, there was little improvement with 219 beds occupied by patients infected with the virus or six less than the previous day. Fifty-nine of those patients were in intensive care, one less than Saturday.
Summit in Ontario
For its part, Ontario reported 1,187 new infections in the last 24 hours, the worst total since the end of May. However, no casualties were reported.
This is the third time in a row that the country's most populous province has crossed the 1,000-day mark for infections, after 1,053 cases and 1,031 cases were reported on Saturday and Friday, respectively.
Situation in Quebec as of December 5, 2021
See also Roxham | Before blocking the path of the angels
– 454,636 people affected (+1256)
– 11,587 deaths (+1)
– 219 people in hospital (-6)
* 12 new posts
* 17 new releases
– 59 people in the intensive care unit (-1)
* 4 new posts
* 5 new releases
Situation in Canada
Ontario: 622,313 cases (10,024 deaths)
Quebec: 453,380 cases (11,586 deaths)
Alberta: 336,392 cases (3,258 deaths)
British Columbia: 219,584 cases (2,351 deaths)
Saskatchewan: 81,293 cases (929 deaths)
Manitoba: 68,308 cases (1,328 deaths)
New Brunswick: 8,680 cases (132 deaths)
Nova Scotia: 8,381 cases (110 deaths)
Northwest Territories: 2,069 cases (12 deaths)
Newfoundland and Labrador: 2,064 cases (18 deaths)
Yukon: 1,533 cases (14 deaths)
Nunavut: 674 cases (4 deaths)
Prince Edward Island: 382 cases
Returnees to Canada: 13 cases
Total: 1,807,515 cases (29,767 deaths)
Previous An anesthesiologist suspected of euthanizing an adult
Next First blizzard in southern Quebec


On June 12th, Villa St. Francis treated our Resident Care Assistants with an ice cream social in honor of National Certified Nursing Assistants Day. A simple "thanks" doesn't begin to cover our gratitude for their hard work! Without the dedication of RCA's like Lisa Carter and Tina Banks, Villa St. Francis could not fulfill our Felician values of respect for human dignity and compassion. Recently, Lisa and Tina attended a dementia-specific course sponsored by the Alzheimer's Association of Southeastern Wisconsin to further provide high-level care. Villa St. Francis is proud to say that all our Resident Care Assistants make a real difference in the lives of our residents!


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When safety is critical, employers may be in a stronger position to discipline and even dismiss employees who return positive test results for drugs, even if they're not impaired at work.
Where safety-critical work is being performed, and testing for impairment related to a particular substance is not a precise science, a zero tolerance policy for any positive test result may be appropriate. That's the lesson from a recent decision of the Full Bench of the Fair Work Commission (Sharp v BCS Infrastructure Support Pty Limited  FWCFB 1033). It's an approach that has subsequently been endorsed by the Full Federal Court in Toms v Harbour City Ferries Pty Limited  FCAFC 35.
Mr Sharp was employed by BCS Infrastructure Pty Ltd, which provided servicing of airport equipment such as baggage carousels. This work is classified as "Safety Sensitive Aviation Activities".
He was dismissed after he was required to undergo a random drug and alcohol test and tested positive for cannabinoids eight times above the limit stated in the employer's policy. Before taking the test, he admitted to smoking marijuana in the form of a single joint on the weekend, but asserted that he was not a regular cannabis user, and did not feel impaired when he arrived at work on Monday.
Mr Sharp lodged an unfair dismissal claim, which was rejected. Vice President Catanzariti held that, despite the mitigating factors, including the employee's length of service, his previously unblemished record and the economic impact of the dismissal, the employee's positive test result was a valid reason for dismissal, and the decision to dismiss him was not harsh in the circumstances.
He also observed that the issue to be decided was not whether BCS had a right to dismiss the employee for his out-of-hours conduct, but rather whether it had a right to dismiss the employee after he presented for safety-sensitive work with cannabinoids in his system that significantly exceeded the permitted level.
Mr Sharp then appealed to the Full Bench.
The Full Bench ultimately refused to grant the employee permission to appeal and stated that it found no error in Vice President Catanzariti's decision.
It acknowledged that Mr Sharp may have felt hard done by, given that he did not consider himself to be impaired in any way or pose a risk to anyone's health and safety. Notably, however, it commented that a critical consideration in determining whether his dismissal was unfair was the fact that there is no scientific testing method available for accurately assessing impairment caused by the use of cannabis.
"…[W]here an employee who shows no obvious signs of impairment undergoes a drug test at work and tests positive for cannabis use, the employer is placed in a difficult position. In practical terms, it will be unlikely that the employer will be in a position to independently ascertain when the relevant employee consumed cannabis and the quantity that was consumed. Apart from reliance upon the employee's own explanation about the matter, which will probably not be verifiable, the employer will therefore not be in a position properly to assess whether the employee is impaired as a result of cannabis use and therefore represents a threat to safety. For that reason, employer policies which provide for disciplinary action including dismissal where an employee tests positive for cannabis simpliciter may, at least in the context of safety-critical work, be adjudged to be lawful and reasonable. Likewise, depending on all the circumstances, it may be reasonably open to find that a dismissal effected pursuant to such a policy was not unfair."
Although the Full Bench admitted that "the outcome is not necessarily the one we would have arrived at had we considered the matter ourselves", it commented that the Vice President's decision was not "manifestly unjust or counter-intuitive" and was in line with other unfair dismissal decisions pertaining to drug and alcohol testing.
The Fair Work Commission has previously held that employers do not have the right to discipline employees for their conduct outside of working hours. However, in light of this decision from the Full Bench, employers may be in a stronger position to discipline and even dismiss employees who return positive test results for drugs such as cannabis, even if there is no evidence that the employee is in any way impaired at work.
However, it should be noted that reliance on zero tolerance drug and alcohol policies is more likely to be seen as appropriate where the work carried out by employees involves serious safety issues (ie. the Full Bench's decision may have been different if the employee had been an accountant).
In the context of an unfair dismissal claim, the Fair Work Commission is also likely to look at all of the circumstances of each individual case, including the specific wording used in an employer's drug and alcohol policy. Accordingly, employers should seek legal advice before moving to dismiss an employee for a positive drug test result if there is any uncertainty.
Importantly, this case demonstrates that while an employee's activities on their time off may not be any of their employer's business, an employee can still suffer the maximum consequences for breaching their employer's drug and alcohol policy, even if they are not actually under the influence at work!


trees experience poor growth, health, and reproduction, as well as an increased risk of disease or pest infestation, such as the brown spot needle disease shown in Figure 2.
Warmer winters have worked to the advantage of many forest pests. Milder winter temperatures fail to control insect and pathogen populations through die-off and increase survival and feeding rates. A longer growing season can lead to larger populations, wider ranges, faster spread, and increased intensity of insect and disease infestations.
Monitoring is crucial to determine the extent of an infestation so managers can act to prevent its spread. Best silvicultural management practices will help ensure healthy forests with good crowns and strong root systems that remain resilient to pests and weather variability.
What makes a healthy forest?
The southeastern United States has a highly variable climate that includes droughts, floods, tropical systems, thunderstorms, tornadoes, extreme heat, and extreme cold, which affect planted southern pine forests. Though tropical systems bring considerable moisture, they also have the potential to damage limbs and knock down trees. Abnormally wet or dry conditions can cause stress and even mortality. Healthy forests are typically resistant to these kinds of disturbances and can tolerate a range of stressors without significant risk to their conditions.
For example, most pine plantations (like the one shown below in Figure 1) can survive a brief dry spell without serious consequences. Healthy forests are also resilient, meaning they will eventually return to their original state even after a severe disturbance causes a short-term change. If that dry spell persists and becomes a major drought, the trees may experience an intense or early loss of needles but will usually recover as conditions improve.
Figure 2. Brown spot needle disease symptoms in longleaf pine seedling. Image courtesy of Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org.
Figure 1. Loblolly pine stand.
Image courtesy of David Stephens, Bugwood.org.
Description Revised; Caption title.; "4/2016"; Includes bibliographic references (page ).
Physical Characteristics 4 unnumbered pages : color illustrations, color map, color charts ; 28 cm.
Digital Characteristics-A 6.58 MB; 4 p.
Series AG (Series) ; 772.
Full Text trees experience poor growth, health, and reproduction, as well as an increased risk of disease or pest infestation, such as the brown spot needle disease shown in Figure 2. Warmer winters have worked to the advantage of many forest pests. Milder winter temperatures fail to control insect and pathogen populations through die-off and increase survival and feeding rates. A longer growing season can lead to larger populations, wider ranges, faster spread, and increased intensity of insect and disease infestations. Monitoring is crucial to determine the extent of an infestation so managers can act to prevent its spread. Best silvicultural management practices will help ensure healthy forests with good crowns and strong root systems that remain resilient to pests and weather variability. Highlight: Southern Pine Beetle The southern pine beetle (SPB) is an insect pest that causes significant economic losses in southern forests. SPBs are small (~1/8-inch) brownish-black beetles that come out of dormancy around April. Warmer winters may allow them to become active even sooner. SPBs are What makes a healthy forest? The southeastern United States has a highly variable climate that includes droughts, floods, tropical systems, thunderstorms, tornadoes, extreme heat, and extreme cold, which affect planted southern pine forests. Though tropical systems bring considerable moisture, they also have the potential to damage limbs and knock down trees. Abnormally wet or dry conditions can cause stress and even mortality. Healthy forests are typically resistant to these kinds of disturbances and can tolerate a range of stressors without significant risk to their conditions. For example, most pine plantations (like the one shown below in Figure 1) can survive a brief dry spell without serious consequences. Healthy forests are also resilient, meaning they will eventually return to their original state even after a severe disturbance causes a short-term change. If that dry spell persists and becomes a major drought, the trees may experience an intense or early loss of needles but will usually recover as conditions improve. Forest Pests and Diseases Though trees have adjusted to their local climatic conditions, a forest may require management assistance to remain healthy when facing multiple stresses. Stressed Healthy Forests Managing for Resilience Figure 2. Brown spot needle disease symptoms in longleaf pine seedling. Image courtesy of Robert L. Anderson, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org. Figure 1. Loblolly pine stand. Image courtesy of David Stephens, Bugwood.org.