text:
Home / Programs & Courses / Academics / Academic Divisions / Arts & Humanities / Communications & Digital Media
Theatre, Dance, and Media Production
vlash@howardcc.edu
Location: HVPA-200
Multimedia in Motion
Few fields are as dynamic and complex as 21st century communications. HCC's Communication & Digital Media department stays on the leading edge of industry trends in electronic media, design, and technology to prepare students for ever-expanding career options in graphics, gaming, simulation design, and media.
HCC digital arts students are learning skills such as digital imaging, 3D animation, designing for interactive environments, and motion graphics, to create products as varied as electronic installation art, video games, 3D surgical instrument renderings, and flight simulators. The curriculum strengthens both right brain and left brain thinking to help students graduate with a portfolio demonstrating a range of technical and creative skills.
Television and radio students are mastering a wide range of skills, including writing and production, to prepare for transfer and future careers in television, radio, film, and the web. They are immersed in hands-on learning in HCC's state-of-the-art, all-digital facility that includes a television studio, an editing and production classroom/lab, and its own radio station. Highly skilled students may have the opportunity to showcase their productions on the in-house student television channel and the student-based Internet streaming radio station. Internship opportunities may also be available with regional and national media leaders such as WBAL Television, WJFK Radio, 105.7 The Fan, and Sirius XM.
Communication Studies - A.A. Degree (Transfer), Associate of Arts, (transfer)
HCC Calendars
Academic Date & Deadlines
Arts & Culture Calendar
Board of Trustees Calendar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


* Some minimums apply and rugs wider than 12 feet and longer than 18 feet have a 10% surcharge.
Please review the form to ensure all items have been completed.
Please enter the height and width of the rug.
Please select the type of rug for cleaning.
Maintenance Care is our general oriental rug maintenance cleaning cleaning category for oriental rugs in stable condition that have been reasonably well maintained.
Our Maintenance Care cleaning service provides thorough deep-fiber, dust and grit removal and employs a wet wash process using surfactants long proven safe on wool and Oriental rug dyes.
After rinsing, rugs pass through our rubber coated squeeze rollers removing the excess water, an essential step in safe drying. As a final step, rugs are hand groomed and dried in our engineered dry-room.
After drying, all rugs are vacuumed and treated again for any remaining spots or stains.
Our Restoration Care oriental rug cleaning service is best for antique, very finely woven, silk highlighted or fragile rugs.
Rugs and carpets that are heavily soiled, are pet stained or have strong pet odors, or have other significant stains also benefit from this service.
This is not a single process, but any number of more time consuming specialty processes to meet the needs of Oriental rugs that require more than regular maintenance to make them look their best.
When we "hand clean" a rug, we use soft, hand-held brushes, never rotary scrubbing machines that can damage fragile rugs. All these rugs are hand rinsed on our washing floor utilizing large volumes of water. Removal of significant spots or stains requires skill, patience and time, all are part of this process.
A mildew, fungus, and bacterial treatment for removing the source of odors from pets, mildew, etc., not a perfume to mask the odor. Smoke and soot odors from fires and furnace puff backs are specially treated.
Our treatment is not a pesticide. The larvae reject the taste of the wool when this treatment is applied. To monitor if you have any activity in your home call and ask us about Pheromone Traps.
We have used 3M ScotchgardTM for many years and have had excellent results. It is very helpful in preventing permanent staining, and will help to make regular vacuuming more effective by removing more soil.
Please select the from the following options.
We don't only 'know cleaning', but also know Oriental rugs and can identify their type, age and value.


text:
Jack Kirby Comics Weblog
The World's Greatest Comics Artist
Index of Posts – Alphabetical
Index of Posts – Chronological
Kirby In Print Guide
Kirby: King of Comics info page
New Kirby – Announcement Page
Scan Requests
Super Powers #2 [1984]
by Bob
Posted February 27, 2005 in Genre, Superhero.
The series continued with Kirby doing just plotting for the interior story. He did draw the cover, as inked by Mike Royer. Pretty decent looking, although of course Kirby's never at his best drawing other people's designs.
The story pretty much has three of the villains sent out with enhanced powers the previous issues failing, thanks to some teamwork on behalf of the heroes, and being taken away at their moment of defeat by those mysterious tubes with the "boom" sound effect. That leaves Brainiac and his attack on Wonder Woman at Paradise Island set up on the final page for next issue. Gonzales/Marcos are still trying a bit too hard to add surface elements of Kirby's style to their art. The writing wasn't bad, but it had some odd references to the then-current continuity (Flash's murder trial, Batman leaving the JLA).
← Black Panther #8 [1978] – Panthers or Pussycats? Themeless Cover Gallery (BoyC, Fury, Defenders) →
1 thought on "Super Powers #2 [1984]"
RB May 15, 2018 at 11:21 am
Seems like a pure Kirby cover to me? He didn't have any assists as rumored in the past from my understanding.
John on Battle For a Three-Dimensional World #1 [1982]
Marty Erhart on 1940s Kirby covers
Daredevil #43 (August, 1968) | Attack of the 50 Year Old Comic Books on Daredevil #43 [1968] – Cover
RB on Super Powers #2 [1984]
Stephen on Fear #6 [1972] – The Midnight Monster
Upcoming Kirby – DESTROYER DUCK Graphite Edition
JK 105
Kirby 100
"20,000 Lugs Under The Sea" (k048)
Horror/Fantasy
Kid Gang
New Kirby
Upcoming Kirby
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Blog articles are © 2004-2013 Bob Heer. All rights reserved. Comments © 2004-2013 their respective authors. All rights reserved.


This simple mantra is one we share again and again. It is the foundation of our success in supporting Westwood Elementary and our students. There is a way for everyone to help.
Donations support our annual initiatives to enhance our classroom and campus.
Volunteering your time, whether it be a single hour, is a huge help in making our ideas into a reality.
Engaging in the PFCs various activities, from attending PFC meetings to participating in fun events, helps build our school community.
Educating yourself on the PFC's initiatives, and sharing that information with others creates awareness and renews the cycle.


text:
Q: Open Feign java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: MULTIPART_RELATED Error I want to upload a file with Feign like this :
    @FeignClient(name = "GDC", url = "${gdc.url}", configuration = ApiConfig.class)
    public interface GDCClient {
        @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST, value = "/v1/document", consumes
        ="multipart/form-data")
        Response saveDocument(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile fileSaveDocumentDTO,
        @RequestPart(value = "document") SaveDocumentDTO saveDocumentDTO);
    }

But I have this error when I call saveDocument :
*java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: MULTIPART_RELATED
    at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.support.SpringEncoder.isMultipartType(SpringEncoder.java:227) ~[spring-cloud-openfeign-core-2.2.8.RELEASE.jar:2.2.8.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.support.SpringEncoder.encode(SpringEncoder.java:102) ~[spring-cloud-openfeign-core-2.2.8.RELEASE.jar:2.2.8.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.support.PageableSpringEncoder.encode(PageableSpringEncoder.java:101) ~[spring-cloud-openfeign-core-2.2.8.RELEASE.jar:2.2.8.RELEASE]*

Someone can help me please ? :)

A: OpenFeign dependency class org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.support.SpringEncoder contain constant MULTIPART_RELATED from org.springframework.http.MediaType. org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-openfeign:2.2.8.RELEASE and version above contain this MULTIPART_RELATED in SpringEncoder-class. I'm using  2.2.7.RELEASE

A: Upgrade spring version at least 5.2.5

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Select Text Between Two Words and Delete Empty Lines I am trying to delete empty lines occurring in a word document between two placeholders.

*

*I am not sure how to find the position of the placeholders within the entire document.

*I am not sure how to search between the placeholders and replace multiple carriage returns with a single carriage return.
I tried to convert the code here but couldn't get it working.

A: If your placeholders are always the same, you can accomplish the whole thing from Word's Find and Replace dialog. No code necessary.
For example, to replace multiple carriage returns:

*

*Ctrl+H

*turn "Use Wildcards" on

*Find: (Placeholder1)^13{2,}(Placeholder2)  \include the parentheses

*Replace: \1 ^13 \2

If you're trying to incorporate this into a bigger block of code:
With Selection.Find
    .Text = "(Placeholder1)^13{2,}(Placeholder2)"
    .Replacement.Text="\1" & " ^13 " & "\2"
    .Forward = True
    .Wrap = wdFindContinue
    .MatchWildcards = True
    .Execute
End With

Let me know if that works for you.


text:
Intermediate Bluegrass and Old-Time Fiddle
with Chad Manning
Learn classic bluegrass and old-time tunes and improve your playing with fiddle techniques like unison drones, slides, pulses, and more advanced bowing patterns, as well as advice on improvising and soloing on bluegrass songs.
Try a Sample Lesson
The second part of "Salt Creek" moves up into third position on the E string, so Chad starts by giving you advice on shifting into third position, with an exercise to help you practice the shift. Then he walks you through the A part, finishing by giving you an example of how he makes up variations and improvises on the second part of "Salt Creek."
Meet the Instructor
Chad Manning
Chad Manning is a Bay Area bluegrass, old-time, and swing fiddler who plays with the David Grisman Sextet, the David Grisman Bluegrass Experience, and Laurie Lewis and the Right Hands. Over the years he has toured with many bluegrass greats such as J.D. Crowe, Curly Seckler, Alan Munde, and Tony Trischka, to name a few. Chad also finds great joy in teaching and working with all levels of adult fiddle students. He and his wife, Catherine, teach more than a hundred students at their studio in Berkeley, California.
Instructor Page
Peghead Play-Along Tracks
Peghead Nation is creating a library of accompaniment videos (and downloadable MP3s) for songs and tunes that are taught on the site, classics that you'll find at many jams and picking parties. As a subscriber, you have access to this library and can use the tracks to practice playing tunes and songs at a slow or medium tempo with guitar accompaniment. New songs will be added regularly.
The Intermediate Bluegrass and Old-Time Fiddle Subscription Includes:
48 in-depth fiddle video lessons
Detailed notation for every lesson
Extensive technique and theory lessons for both hands
More than 36 complete songs and tunes
High-quality video with multiple camera angles so you can see closeups of both hands in action.
Play-Along Tracks for most tunes so you can practice what you've learned
$20/Month For One Course
Additional courses only $10/month each! • Save 20% with an annual subscription
Use promo code ChadLand at checkout
and get your first month free or $20 off an annual subscription.
Intermediate Bluegrass and Old-Time Fiddle Course Outline
BLUEGRASS AND OLD-TIME FIDDLE TUNES
The Cuckoo's Nest
The Irish tune "The Cuckoo's Nest" has become a jam session favorite and has been recorded by numerous people, including Nickel Creek. Chad starts by showing you the chords to "The Cuckoo's Nest" and then walks you through his version of the tune, including a couple of variations.
The melody of the B part of the jam favorite "Salt Creek" moves up into third position. After learning the melody to the A part, including Chad's bowing and a few variations, like some bluesy slides and unison drones, you'll learn how to move into third position on the E string, with an exercise to help you practice the shift.
East Tennessee Blues
A fun and popular old-time tune played in the key of C, "East Tennessee Blues" has a bit of a ragtime flavor. You'll learn to play it by alternating single bow strokes with the Georgia shuffle bowing pattern. The B part of "East Tennessee Blues" has a lot of held notes that begin with slides, and you'll learn how to attack the beginning of the slides to really give them a bluesy feel.
Farewell Trion
The old-time fiddle tune "Farewell Trion" is in the key of C and has three parts, the second of which has an extra half measure. The tune has become popular in old-time music circles lately, and Chad learned it from the fiddling of James Bryan. You'll learn the melody and bowing and get advice on using short bow strokes on some of the quick single-bow notes.
"Red Wing" is a fiddle standard that all fiddlers should know. It's commonly played in the key of G, which is the key you'll learn it in this lesson. Chad walks you through the melody of each part phrase by phrase, showing you his bowing as he goes. You'll also learn some double stops you can add to the basic melody as well as a couple of swing-style variations to the A part that use augmented and diminished chord arpeggios.
Squirrel Hunters
The old-time fiddle tune "Squirrel Hunters" was introduced to the bluegrass world by John Hartford and has become popular at jam sessions. It's in the key of A Mixolydian and has an unusual chord progression, with each part ending on a D (IV) chord. Chad walks you through the melody of both parts of "Squirrel Hunters" showing you some drones and slides you can add to the basic melody. He also shows you some different ways to improvise on "Squirrel Hunters," including varying the bow patterns and using target notes in the melody.
Hawks and Eagles
The old-time fiddle tune "Hawks and Eagles" is a one-part square dance tune in the key of D that has some interesting syncopation and bowing. Chad shows you the syncopated phrase at the heart of the tune it before he walks you the melody and bowing, which includes some cool "pulses" and double stringing. He also shows you the melody in the lower octave.
Kentucky Mandolin
This Bill Monroe instrumental is in the key of G minor, which means you'll mostly use the Bb major scale to play it. Chad shows you the Bb scale without the sixth step of the scale (Eb), since the melody doesn't use an Eb or E. Then he walks you through the melody, phrase by phrase, showing you his bowing as he goes.
The old-time tune "Lost Girl" is in the key of G and comes from Kentucky old-time fiddler John Salyer. Chad talks about how he firms up the wrist of his bowing arm a bit to better fit the rhythm and feel of the tune. You'll also learn double stops to play on each part of "Lost Girl," mostly by droning the string that's lower than the string the melody is played on.
Swannanoa Waltz
Rayna Gellert's "Swannanoa Waltz" has a beautiful and simple melody. In this lesson, you'll learn to add layers like double-stringing, hammer-ons, and pulses to the "Swannanoa Waltz" to give it a nice waltz rhythm. Chad also talks about getting an old-time tone by adding a little pressure to your bow and slowing it down a bit. He also shows you how you can play the tune in ADAE tuning, and how to adjust your fingering on the lowest string when you do.
Fisher's Hornpipe
The traditional fiddle tune "Fisher's Hornpipe" probably has Celtic origins but it's played in old-time and bluegrass circles throughout the US. You'll learn the bowing Chad uses, including a number of three-note slurs in the B part, and a couple of cool slides.
Bob Wills' western swing classic "San Antonio Rose" is a great tune to work on playing double stops in third position. Of course, it's also a great tune to play without venturing up the fingerboard, so you'll start by learning the melody in first position without double stops. Then, when learning the double stop version, you'll get some great advice on sliding the double stops from first to third position.
"San Antonio Rose" Arpeggios
To learn to improvise on a melody it's good to know the arpeggios of the chords that are used to backup a tune. In this lesson, you'll learn arpeggios for each of the chords to "San Antonio Rose." Chad shows you the root, third, and fifth of each arpeggio, making sure you know the names of each of the notes in the chords, and gives you a number of exercises that combine the arpeggios in different ways over the chord changes of "San Antonio Rose." He also shows you how to use simple arpeggio-based lines to create a simple solo.
TECHNIQUE Review
In the midst of learning tunes, it's always good to review your technique and make sure you're addressing any technical deficiencies you may have. In these lessons, Chad answers some student questions about technique and gives advice about various issues that may come up.
Bow Technique: Using Your Thumb
Chad reviews the proper fiddler's bow hold and introduces a new exercise that involves moving the thumb and hand in almost a jellyfish-like motion.
Bow Direction and String Crossings
Chad uses the tune "Ookpik Waltz" to show how the bow direction at the beginning of each measure is usually a down bow, how to make the downbeats target notes for your bowing, and how to adjust your bowing to play down bows on all the downbeats. He also gives advice on string crossings: how to think about bowing from the inside of the strings instead of the outside and keeping your eye on your bow.
Bow Tilt, Patterns, and More
Chad demonstrates how he turns the bow to keep his wrist loose and talks about using a slur to return to a down bow. He also gives advice about staying in position with the left hand and reaching with your fingers to get notes rather than moving out of position.
Practice Techniques
Chad gives you advice about practicing and improvising. The first thing he talks about is the importance of practicing with a beat or groove in mind, tapping your foot or using a metronome, or finding some way to establish a tempo whenever you practice. Chad also talks about hearing what's coming next, hearing a little ahead of where you are, whether you're improvising or playing a melody.
Arm Extension
Chad gives you advice on holding the fiddle and extending your bowing arm in this technique lesson. He starts by demonstrating that if you hold the fiddle parallel to the ground, the bow can rest on the strings. Then he breaks down some bow mechanics, showing you that, when bowing to the tip of the bow, if you extend your arm from the elbow, your bow will stay parallel to the bridge as it moves across the strings. He also shows you how to bring your bowing arm in when you're bowing to the frog.
THE PHYSICS AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FIDDLING
In this lesson on bow technique, Chad shows you that fiddling is a very natural thing for the human body to do, and that the motion of the arms, in concert with the bow and violin, is designed to match what the body naturally wants to do. He talks about the physics of fiddling—the balance and momentum of the bow—and shows you that by following the natural physiology of the human body and the path of least resistance in arm movement, you can make your bow motion smooth and natural.
FEELING THE PHYSICS OF FIDDLING
Chad continues his lessons on the physics and physiology of fiddling with more bow work, giving you a series of awareness exercises that will help you connect more deeply with the balance, momentum, and weight of your bow and the tension of the strings. In addition to helping you feel the physics of fiddling, these exercises are also great warm-up exercises. He also gives you a series of expressive bow exercises that will help you apply the awareness exercises to actual musical phrases.
BLUEGRASS SONGS AND TECHNIQUES
True Life Blues
Bill Monroe's classic bluegrass song "True Life Blues" does not follow the classic 12-bar blues form, but rather, the chords are the same as the common "bluegrass chord progression #1." The fiddle solo you'll learn, played by Chubby Wise on Monroe's original 1945 recording, includes some great bluesy licks in the key of A that you'll be able to use in lots of songs. You'll also learn a variation on the solo that Chubby plays at the end of the recording.
Bluegrass Fiddle Backup
In this lesson, Chad talks about playing backup fiddle on bluegrass songs and building your vocabulary of backup licks. You'll learn some great backup fiddle licks in the style of Bobby Hicks using the Bluegrass Album Band's recording of "Letter from My Darling" in the key of G. Chad shows you a series of classic licks, giving you advice on using dynamics and fading out the last note of your lick as the vocal comes back in.
Letter from My Darling
In this lesson, you'll learn a solo to the bluegrass classic "Letter from My Darling" based on the solo fiddler Bobby Hicks played on the Bluegrass Album Band's recording. Chad walks you through the solo phrase by phrase, giving you advice on bowing and phrasing as he goes. He also shows you a version of the solo with some drones and double stops.
Backup Fiddle in Bb
Chad uses Tim O'Brien's recording of Hazel Dickens' song "A Few Old Memories" to show you some ways to play backup on a slow song in Bb, using capo positions and simple melodies that outline the chords of the song. He starts by showing you a pentatonic scale in capo position that you can use to play backup lines on the Bb, Eb, and F chords, and then gives you examples of the kinds of lines he would play in those positions. He also shows you how to embellish simple melodies with slides, hammer-ons, etc., and how to listen to the singer and play backup between their vocal phrases.
Blue Ridge Cabin Home
The bluegrass standard "Blue Ridge Cabin Home" comes from Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs and has become a jam session favorite. In this lesson you'll learn a fiddle solo to "Blue Ridge Cabin Home" in the key of A that is based on the solo that Bobby Hicks played on the Bluegrass Album Band recording of the song.
The Chop
In this lesson, Chad shows you how to play the primary accompaniment technique used in bluegrass fiddling: the chop. You'll learn the simple version, played on the backbeat, that is essential to know for playing in a bluegrass band, as well as a more complicated version, developed by Darol Anger and other contemporary fiddlers.
Someone Took My Place with You
The fiddle solo, played by the great Benny Martin, on Flatt and Scruggs' recording of "Someone Took My Place with You" is a classic, with some cool double stops, slides, and must-know bluegrass fiddle licks in the key of A. Chad walks you through the solo, phrase by phrase, first without double stops and then with them.
Nine Pound Hammer
In this lesson, you'll learn a solo to the bluegrass standard "Nine Pound Hammer" in the key of A. Chad starts by showing you the basic melody and then how to add variations, including unison drones, blue notes, and an ending lick, to create a bluegrass fiddle solo.
Bluesy Bluegrass Vocabulary in G
Chad shows you some typical bluesy bluegrass fiddle vocabulary in the key of G that you can use in solos and in your backup. Starting with a pentatonic scale "G run" and a couple of bluesy sliding licks, he shows you how to build on simple licks to create longer phrases. Then he demonstrates how he uses those licks to play backup by playing along to a recording of Ricky Skaggs singing the bluegrass standard "Another Night."
Don't Give Your Heart to a Rambler
Fiddler Richard Greene's solo on Tony Rice's recording of the bluegrass song "Don't Give Your Heart to a Rambler," is a classic. The recording is in the key of Bb but in this lesson, you'll learn a solo in the key of A based on Richard Greene's solo, which uses the pentatonic scale along with some bluesy thirds and sevenths.
Dark Hollow
The song "Dark Hollow" is a bluegrass standard that is often played in the key of C. In this lesson, you'll learn a solo based on the melody that includes double stops and bluesy slides. As "Dark Hollow" is a standard, it's been sung by many people, of course, but Chad recommends listening to Larry Sparks sing it. Chad starts by showing you the basic melody and words and then shows you how you can turn the melody into a solo with the addition of double stops.
More Fiddle Tunes
Milk Cow Blues
A medium tempo western swing blues in the key of A, "Milk Cow Blues" mostly uses the A major pentatonic scale, along with some blue notes and a couple of cool triplet licks. Chad walks you through the melody, showing you how he articulates the bluesy slides and bows it with a swing phrasing. You'll also learn a couple simple variations, using unison drones and double stops.
The Old North Woods
Sam Bush's beautiful waltz "The Old North Woods" is in the key of G minor, and mostly uses the G natural minor scale. Chad starts by reviewing the G natural minor scale in two octaves and playing the whole tune through. Then he walks you through the melody of both parts of "The Old North Woods."
Josie-O
Chad learned the old-time tune "Josie-O" (also called "Josie Girl") from the fiddling of the great bluegrass and old-time fiddler Art Stamper. It's a three-part tune in the key of G, and the third part goes to E minor. Chad walks you through the melody, phrase by phrase, showing you his bowing and how to add double-stringing below the melody. The second part has some long stretches up to the B note on the high E string, so Chad gives you advice on making the stretch.
Quail Is a Pretty Bird
The fiddle tune "Quail Is a Pretty Bird" comes from Missouri old-time fiddler Gene Goforth, by way of John Hartford (the melody is also very similar to Edden Hammons' "Sandy Boys"). It's in the key of A, with two parts, and the scale uses a couple different versions of the seventh, sometimes the G# and sometimes a note in between G# and G.
"The Butterfly" is an Irish slip jig, which means it's in 9/8. It has an unusual melody that was written by Irish fiddler Tommie Potts, who meant it to mimic a butterfly that he was watching in his garden. It's in the key of E minor and has three parts. Chad walks you through each part slowly, showing you the bowing as he goes. He also shows you some ornaments you can use once you have the basic melody down.
Fly Around My Pretty Little Miss
The old-time fiddle tune "Fly Around My Pretty Little Miss" is a popular square dance tune in the key of D. It includes some typical old-time anticipations and bow pulses (or pushes). Chad walks you through the tune, phrase by phrase, showing you his bowing and some of the ways he accents the melody and attacks notes in different ways.
Bob Wills's "Faded Love" is a Western Swing fiddle classic, a great tune that is often played in harmony with one or more other fiddlers. Chad starts by showing the basic melody before showing you some of the fourth finger unison drones that give the tune its distinctive sound.
Sail Away Ladies
There are a lot of versions of the old-time fiddle tune "Sail Away Ladies," but the one recorded by Uncle Bunt Stephens in the 1920s is a great way to learn some Southern-style old-time bowing. It's a simple melody, but the bowing and rhythm of the phrases can be tricky.
The fiddle tune "The High Road" was written by fiddler/mandolinist/singer/songwriter Tim O'Brien many years ago, and has become a bit of a bluegrass standard. It combines sounds from a lot of styles: old-time, bluegrass, Celtic, blues, and even Klezmer. It's in the key of E minor and the second part has a couple of unusual chords and note choices.
Tennessee Mountain Fox Chase
"Tennessee Mountain Fox Chase" is a three-part "crooked" old-time tune in the key of C. "Crooked" means that the parts aren't an even eight-bars long. In this case, the first and second parts each have an extra half measure. The third part has some typical old-time bowing patterns with more slurs and bow sweeps.
Margaret's Musical Mecca
You'll learn one of Chad's original tunes, "Margaret's Musical Mecca," in this lesson. It's a fun tune in the key of A, with some old-time bowing and drones.
Rabbit Hash
Chad learned the six-part old-time tune "Rabbit Hash" from the fiddling of Tricia Spencer and Howard Rains, who recorded it on their album The Old Texas Fiddle, Vol. II They recorded it in the cross tuning of GDGD, but you'll learn it here in standard tuning in the key of A.
"Rabbit Hash" Harmony
In this lesson, you'll learn a harmony part for the fiddle tune "Rabbit Hash," which you learned in a previous lesson and which comes from the fiddling of Tricia Spencer and Howard Rains.
Dance All Night
Chad's version of the old-time fiddle standard "Dance All Night" comes from John Lusk, who was the fiddler with the African American string band Gribble, Lusk, and York. The trio were recorded in the 1940s for the Library of Congress, and "Dance All Night" is from their first 1946 recording.
Green Valley Waltz
Chad learned the old-time fiddle waltz "Green Valley Waltz" (also called "Green Valley Trot") from the playing of bluegrass fiddle legend Chubby Wise. It's in the key of G, using mostly the G major pentatonic scale, with some bluesy thirds. Chad walks you through the each part of "Green Valley Waltz" in this video, showing you the bowing and bluesy phrasing, and giving you advice on bowing and attack.
"Green Valley Waltz" Harmony
Chad shows you a harmony part to the "Green Valley Waltz." Like a lot of bluegrass harmony parts it doesn't harmonize each note of the melody, but mirrors it with bluesy licks and double stops.
Over the Waterfall
The old-time fiddle tune "Over the Waterfall" comes from West Virginia fiddler Henry Reed, who was recorded by fiddler Alan Jabbour, whose band the Hollow Rock String Band recorded many of Reed's tunes in the 1970s. It's in the key of D and has the standard AABB form.
Want to offer feedback or suggest a lesson? Need help with the site?


text:
National nature reserves in Wales are selected and designated by Natural Resources Wales (NRW) (formerly the Countryside Council for Wales). There are 76 reserves all of which are also SSSIs, they cover , or less than 1.5% of the land area of Wales. They range in size from Dan yr Ogof at  to Berwyn which covers  . A national nature reserve is designated because of its special biological, geological, habitat or landscape value and most in Wales are open to the public. They include upland and lowland areas, several offshore islands and in some cases estuarine and intertidal zones.

Management
Although the majority of sites are managed by NRW, a number are managed by other bodies, mainly in the public and wildlife charity sectors, including:

List of national nature reserves in Wales

See also
National nature reserves in England
Nature reserves in Northern Ireland
National nature reserve (Scotland)

References

External links
 Interactive map of designations in Wales - includes National Nature Reserves boundaries (select 'Nature Reserves' in UK Map Layers).
 Natural Resources Wales / National Nature Reserves
 Official map

National Nature Reserves in Wales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.datasketches.hll.sql;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.Module;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import org.apache.druid.common.config.NullHandling;
import org.apache.druid.java.util.common.Pair;
import org.apache.druid.java.util.common.granularity.Granularities;
import org.apache.druid.java.util.common.io.Closer;
import org.apache.druid.query.Druids;
import org.apache.druid.query.Query;
import org.apache.druid.query.QueryDataSource;
import org.apache.druid.query.QueryRunnerFactoryConglomerate;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.CountAggregatorFactory;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.DoubleSumAggregatorFactory;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.FilteredAggregatorFactory;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.LongSumAggregatorFactory;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.datasketches.hll.HllSketchBuildAggregatorFactory;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.datasketches.hll.HllSketchMergeAggregatorFactory;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.datasketches.hll.HllSketchModule;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.post.ArithmeticPostAggregator;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.post.FieldAccessPostAggregator;
import org.apache.druid.query.aggregation.post.FinalizingFieldAccessPostAggregator;
import org.apache.druid.query.dimension.DefaultDimensionSpec;
import org.apache.druid.query.expression.TestExprMacroTable;
import org.apache.druid.query.groupby.GroupByQuery;
import org.apache.druid.query.spec.MultipleIntervalSegmentSpec;
import org.apache.druid.segment.IndexBuilder;
import org.apache.druid.segment.QueryableIndex;
import org.apache.druid.segment.column.ValueType;
import org.apache.druid.segment.incremental.IncrementalIndexSchema;
import org.apache.druid.segment.virtual.ExpressionVirtualColumn;
import org.apache.druid.segment.writeout.OffHeapMemorySegmentWriteOutMediumFactory;
import org.apache.druid.server.security.AuthTestUtils;
import org.apache.druid.server.security.AuthenticationResult;
import org.apache.druid.sql.SqlLifecycle;
import org.apache.druid.sql.SqlLifecycleFactory;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.BaseCalciteQueryTest;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.filtration.Filtration;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.planner.DruidOperatorTable;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.planner.PlannerConfig;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.planner.PlannerContext;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.planner.PlannerFactory;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.schema.DruidSchema;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.schema.SystemSchema;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.util.CalciteTestBase;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.util.CalciteTests;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.util.QueryLogHook;
import org.apache.druid.sql.calcite.util.SpecificSegmentsQuerySegmentWalker;
import org.apache.druid.timeline.DataSegment;
import org.apache.druid.timeline.partition.LinearShardSpec;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HllSketchSqlAggregatorTest extends CalciteTestBase
{
  private static final String DATA_SOURCE = "foo";
  private static final boolean ROUND = true;

  private static QueryRunnerFactoryConglomerate conglomerate;
  private static Closer resourceCloser;
  private static AuthenticationResult authenticationResult = CalciteTests.REGULAR_USER_AUTH_RESULT;
  private static final Map<String, Object> QUERY_CONTEXT_DEFAULT = ImmutableMap.of(
      PlannerContext.CTX_SQL_QUERY_ID, "dummy"
  );

  @BeforeClass
  public static void setUpClass()
  {
    final Pair<QueryRunnerFactoryConglomerate, Closer> conglomerateCloserPair = CalciteTests
        .createQueryRunnerFactoryConglomerate();
    conglomerate = conglomerateCloserPair.lhs;
    resourceCloser = conglomerateCloserPair.rhs;
  }

  @AfterClass
  public static void tearDownClass() throws IOException
  {
    resourceCloser.close();
  }

  @Rule
  public TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();

  @Rule
  public QueryLogHook queryLogHook = QueryLogHook.create();

  private SpecificSegmentsQuerySegmentWalker walker;
  private SqlLifecycleFactory sqlLifecycleFactory;

  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception
  {
    HllSketchModule.registerSerde();
    for (Module mod : new HllSketchModule().getJacksonModules()) {
      CalciteTests.getJsonMapper().registerModule(mod);
    }

    final QueryableIndex index = IndexBuilder.create()
                                             .tmpDir(temporaryFolder.newFolder())
                                             .segmentWriteOutMediumFactory(OffHeapMemorySegmentWriteOutMediumFactory.instance())
                                             .schema(
                                                 new IncrementalIndexSchema.Builder()
                                                     .withMetrics(
                                                         new CountAggregatorFactory("cnt"),
                                                         new DoubleSumAggregatorFactory("m1", "m1"),
                                                         new HllSketchBuildAggregatorFactory(
                                                             "hllsketch_dim1",
                                                             "dim1",
                                                             null,
                                                             null,
                                                             ROUND
                                                         )
                                                     )
                                                     .withRollup(false)
                                                     .build()
                                             )
                                             .rows(CalciteTests.ROWS1)
                                             .buildMMappedIndex();

    walker = new SpecificSegmentsQuerySegmentWalker(conglomerate).add(
        DataSegment.builder()
                   .dataSource(DATA_SOURCE)
                   .interval(index.getDataInterval())
                   .version("1")
                   .shardSpec(new LinearShardSpec(0))
                   .build(),
        index
    );

    final PlannerConfig plannerConfig = new PlannerConfig();
    final DruidSchema druidSchema = CalciteTests.createMockSchema(conglomerate, walker, plannerConfig);
    final SystemSchema systemSchema = CalciteTests.createMockSystemSchema(druidSchema, walker, plannerConfig);
    final DruidOperatorTable operatorTable = new DruidOperatorTable(
        ImmutableSet.of(new HllSketchSqlAggregator()),
        ImmutableSet.of()
    );

    sqlLifecycleFactory = CalciteTests.createSqlLifecycleFactory(
        new PlannerFactory(
            druidSchema,
            systemSchema,
            CalciteTests.createMockQueryLifecycleFactory(walker, conglomerate),
            operatorTable,
            CalciteTests.createExprMacroTable(),
            plannerConfig,
            AuthTestUtils.TEST_AUTHORIZER_MAPPER,
            CalciteTests.getJsonMapper()
        )
    );
  }

  @After
  public void tearDown() throws Exception
  {
    walker.close();
    walker = null;
  }

  @Test
  public void testApproxCountDistinctHllSketch() throws Exception
  {
    SqlLifecycle sqlLifecycle = sqlLifecycleFactory.factorize();

    final String sql = "SELECT\n"
                       + "  SUM(cnt),\n"
                       + "  APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(dim2),\n" // uppercase
                       + "  APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(dim2) FILTER(WHERE dim2 <> ''),\n" // lowercase; also, filtered
                       + "  APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(SUBSTRING(dim2, 1, 1)),\n" // on extractionFn
                       + "  APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(SUBSTRING(dim2, 1, 1) || 'x'),\n" // on expression
                       + "  APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(hllsketch_dim1, 21, 'HLL_8'),\n" // on native HllSketch column
                       + "  APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(hllsketch_dim1)\n" // on native HllSketch column
                       + "FROM druid.foo";

    // Verify results
    final List<Object[]> results = sqlLifecycle.runSimple(sql, QUERY_CONTEXT_DEFAULT, authenticationResult).toList();
    final List<Object[]> expectedResults;

    if (NullHandling.replaceWithDefault()) {
      expectedResults = ImmutableList.of(
          new Object[]{
              6L,
              2L,
              2L,
              1L,
              2L,
              5L,
              5L
          }
      );
    } else {
      expectedResults = ImmutableList.of(
          new Object[]{
              6L,
              2L,
              2L,
              1L,
              1L,
              5L,
              5L
          }
      );
    }

    Assert.assertEquals(expectedResults.size(), results.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.size(); i++) {
      Assert.assertArrayEquals(expectedResults.get(i), results.get(i));
    }

    // Verify query
    Assert.assertEquals(
        Druids.newTimeseriesQueryBuilder()
              .dataSource(CalciteTests.DATASOURCE1)
              .intervals(new MultipleIntervalSegmentSpec(ImmutableList.of(Filtration.eternity())))
              .granularity(Granularities.ALL)
              .virtualColumns(
                  new ExpressionVirtualColumn(
                      "v0",
                      "substring(\"dim2\", 0, 1)",
                      ValueType.STRING,
                      TestExprMacroTable.INSTANCE
                  ),
                  new ExpressionVirtualColumn(
                      "v1",
                      "concat(substring(\"dim2\", 0, 1),'x')",
                      ValueType.STRING,
                      TestExprMacroTable.INSTANCE
                  )
              )
              .aggregators(
                  ImmutableList.of(
                      new LongSumAggregatorFactory("a0", "cnt"),
                      new HllSketchBuildAggregatorFactory(
                          "a1",
                          "dim2",
                          null,
                          null,
                          ROUND
                      ),
                      new FilteredAggregatorFactory(
                          new HllSketchBuildAggregatorFactory(
                              "a2",
                              "dim2",
                              null,
                              null,
                              ROUND
                          ),
                          BaseCalciteQueryTest.not(BaseCalciteQueryTest.selector("dim2", "", null))
                      ),
                      new HllSketchBuildAggregatorFactory(
                          "a3",
                          "v0",
                          null,
                          null,
                          ROUND
                      ),
                      new HllSketchBuildAggregatorFactory(
                          "a4",
                          "v1",
                          null,
                          null,
                          ROUND
                      ),
                      new HllSketchMergeAggregatorFactory("a5", "hllsketch_dim1", 21, "HLL_8", ROUND),
                      new HllSketchMergeAggregatorFactory("a6", "hllsketch_dim1", null, null, ROUND)
                  )
              )
              .context(ImmutableMap.of("skipEmptyBuckets", true, PlannerContext.CTX_SQL_QUERY_ID, "dummy"))
              .build(),
        Iterables.getOnlyElement(queryLogHook.getRecordedQueries())
    );
  }

  @Test
  public void testAvgDailyCountDistinctHllSketch() throws Exception
  {
    SqlLifecycle sqlLifecycle = sqlLifecycleFactory.factorize();

    final String sql = "SELECT\n"
                       + "  AVG(u)\n"
                       + "FROM ("
                       + "  SELECT FLOOR(__time TO DAY), APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(cnt) AS u\n"
                       + "  FROM druid.foo\n"
                       + "  GROUP BY 1\n"
                       + ")";

    // Verify results
    final List<Object[]> results = sqlLifecycle.runSimple(sql, QUERY_CONTEXT_DEFAULT, authenticationResult).toList();
    final List<Object[]> expectedResults = ImmutableList.of(
        new Object[]{
            1L
        }
    );
    Assert.assertEquals(expectedResults.size(), results.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.size(); i++) {
      Assert.assertArrayEquals(expectedResults.get(i), results.get(i));
    }

    Query expected = GroupByQuery.builder()
                                 .setDataSource(
                                     new QueryDataSource(
                                         GroupByQuery.builder()
                                                     .setDataSource(CalciteTests.DATASOURCE1)
                                                     .setInterval(new MultipleIntervalSegmentSpec(ImmutableList.of(
                                                         Filtration.eternity())))
                                                     .setGranularity(Granularities.ALL)
                                                     .setVirtualColumns(
                                                         new ExpressionVirtualColumn(
                                                             "v0",
                                                             "timestamp_floor(\"__time\",'P1D',null,'UTC')",
                                                             ValueType.LONG,
                                                             TestExprMacroTable.INSTANCE
                                                         )
                                                     )
                                                     .setDimensions(
                                                         Collections.singletonList(
                                                             new DefaultDimensionSpec(
                                                                 "v0",
                                                                 "v0",
                                                                 ValueType.LONG
                                                             )
                                                         )
                                                     )
                                                     .setAggregatorSpecs(
                                                         Collections.singletonList(
                                                             new HllSketchBuildAggregatorFactory(
                                                                 "a0:a",
                                                                 "cnt",
                                                                 null,
                                                                 null,
                                                                 ROUND
                                                             )
                                                         )
                                                     )
                                                     .setPostAggregatorSpecs(
                                                         ImmutableList.of(
                                                             new FinalizingFieldAccessPostAggregator("a0", "a0:a")
                                                         )
                                                     )
                                                     .setContext(QUERY_CONTEXT_DEFAULT)
                                                     .build()
                                     )
                                 )
                                 .setInterval(new MultipleIntervalSegmentSpec(ImmutableList.of(Filtration.eternity())))
                                 .setGranularity(Granularities.ALL)
                                 .setAggregatorSpecs(Arrays.asList(
                                     new LongSumAggregatorFactory("_a0:sum", "a0"),
                                     new CountAggregatorFactory("_a0:count")
                                 ))
                                 .setPostAggregatorSpecs(
                                     ImmutableList.of(
                                         new ArithmeticPostAggregator(
                                             "_a0",
                                             "quotient",
                                             ImmutableList.of(
                                                 new FieldAccessPostAggregator(null, "_a0:sum"),
                                                 new FieldAccessPostAggregator(null, "_a0:count")
                                             )
                                         )
                                     )
                                 )
                                 .setContext(QUERY_CONTEXT_DEFAULT)
                                 .build();

    Query actual = Iterables.getOnlyElement(queryLogHook.getRecordedQueries());

    // Verify query
    Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual);
  }

  @Test
  public void testApproxCountDistinctHllSketchIsRounded() throws Exception
  {
    SqlLifecycle sqlLifecycle = sqlLifecycleFactory.factorize();

    final String sql = "SELECT"
                       + "   dim2,"
                       + "   APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(m1)"
                       + " FROM druid.foo"
                       + " GROUP BY dim2"
                       + " HAVING APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(m1) = 2";

    // Verify results
    final List<Object[]> results = sqlLifecycle.runSimple(sql, QUERY_CONTEXT_DEFAULT, authenticationResult).toList();
    final int expected = NullHandling.replaceWithDefault() ? 1 : 2;
    Assert.assertEquals(expected, results.size());
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Personal: A Jack Reacher Novel (Paperback)
#12: Nothing to Lose: A Jack Reacher Novel (Paperback): $9.99
"The best one yet."—Stephen King
Someone has tried to kill the French president. How many snipers can shoot from three-quarters of a mile with total confidence? John Kott—a U.S. Army marksman gone bad—is one of them. After fifteen years in prison, he's out . . . and there's a G8 summit coming up, packed with enough world leaders to tempt any assassin.
If anyone can stop Kott, it's the man who beat him before: Jack Reacher. And though he'd rather work alone, Reacher is teamed with rookie analyst Casey Nice. They're facing a rough road, full of local thugs, double-crosses, and no backup if things go wrong. Reacher never gets too close. But this time it's personal.
This edition includes the bonus short story "Not a Drill."
"Reacher is the stuff of myth, a great male fantasy. . . . One of this century's most original, tantalizing pop-fiction heroes . . . [Lee] Child does a masterly job of bringing his adventure to life with endless surprises and fierce suspense."—The Washington Post
"Yet another satisfying page-turner."—Entertainment Weekly
"Reacher is always up for a good fight, most entertainingly when he goes mano a mano with a seven-foot, 300-pound monster of a mobster named Little Joey. But it's Reacher the Teacher who wows here."—Marilyn Stasio, The New York Times
"Jack Reacher is today's James Bond, a thriller hero we can't get enough of. I read every one as soon as it appears."—Ken Follett
"Reacher's just one of fiction's great mysterious strangers."—Maxim
"If you like fast-moving thrillers, you'll want to take a look at this one."—John Sandford
"Fans won't be disappointed by this suspense-filled, riveting thriller."—Library Journal (starred review)
"Child is the alpha dog of thriller writers, each new book zooming to the top of best-seller lists with the velocity of a Reacher head butt."—Booklist
"Every Reacher novel delivers a jolt to the nervous system."—Kirkus Reviews
Prebound (July 24th, 2015): $20.80
Paperback, Large Print (September 2nd, 2014): $28.00
Paperback (Chinese) (June 8th, 2009): $36.69


Runners in London weren't the only ones taking part in a 26-mile challenge on Sunday, as North Koreans lined the streets of Pyongyang to cheer on participants of its own marathon.
Tens of thousands of supporters applauded, cheered and high-fived the runners, who were followed by a truck blasting out patriotic music.
The event was held to commemorate the birthday of its founder, Kim Il Sung, and was open to foreign athletes for the first time.
The country's state-run television reported there was about 400 foreigners, including amateurs, from 15 different countries took part.
The marathon's chairman said the run was held so that both professional and amateur runners would share a good experience and form new friendships.
The men's category was won by a North Korean with a Rwandan man coming in second and an Ukrainian in third, whilst North Koreans swept all the medals in the women's race.
Difficult words: blast out (to produce a lot of loud music), commemorate (to do something to show that you remember and respect somebody important), whilst (while).


text:
VVWD Board Ponders Pressure Issues
Posted by Burton Weast | Sep 16, 2015 | Local News, Top Stories | 0
Decisions made by the Virgin Valley Water District (VVWD) in the years before the recession continue to cause problems for the water utility that serves Mesquite and Bunkerville.
The latest issue is the lack of adequate water pressure in some areas of the district where subdivisions were approved years ago.
District General Manager Kevin Brown presented a "Water 101" class for the board at their regular meeting on September 15. "Water pressure in our case is determined by elevations," Brown told the board. Brown explained that where you have less elevation change between water tanks and the homes, the pressure is lower. As more homes are built at higher elevations, adequate water pressure to those areas becomes more difficult to provide.
Brown identified the seven pressure zones in the district along with the locations of water tanks. "Most water systems should operate between 40 and 80 pounds of pressure, and no system should drop below 20 pounds of pressure according to state standards," said Brown. He told the board that with all the modern appliances in homes, pressure shouldn't drop below 30 pounds per square inch to function properly.
Areas experiencing low water pressure include the upper portions of Sun City near the Sports Complex, the Bella Horizon development and an area of existing homes adjacent to I-15. Brown also expressed concern that when Sun City expands into the Tortoise Mountain area the District will have difficulty providing adequate pressure.
Board Member Sandra Ramaker asked Brown if he had met with the developers on the problems. Brown responded "I met with them over a year ago." One alternative for homeowners and developers in these areas is to install individual pressure boosting devices on each home. These devices can cost as much as $2,000 plus the cost of electricity to run them.
Board member Rich Bowler suggested that "The District get together with the developers and find a solution."
Brown said one solution would be to place additional smaller tanks around the community and create smaller pressure zones. "If you have ever been to the Midwest you have seen the elevated tanks," Brown said. He suggested that additional, smaller tanks could be "looked at" as a possible solution. Several board members expressed concerns about community resistance to tanks that are highly visible. "I have a concern with these type of tanks because we have an esthetically pleasing community for the most part," said Board President Nephi Julien.
Mesquite businessman Dave Ballweg urged the board to reconsider their earlier decision not to raise the water tank at Flat Top Mesa, saying that increasing the elevation of the tank could help with the pressure problems in Sun City and create a new pressure zone.
Bowler also questioned whether the new tank being considered on Mesquite Heights Road would help pressure issues. Brown responded that it would not, although it would assist with fire flow.
After discussion, the Board directed Brown to look for alternate locations for the Mesquite Heights reservoir and to bring back to the group several alternatives for solving the pressure issues for their consideration. The Board also directed Brown to consider setting up a committee to look at alternatives and to begin a community discussion.
The other major topic for the meeting was the new ethics rules adopted by the last session of the Nevada Legislature. Attorney Eric Wilcox briefed the board on the new rules that affect both candidates for public office as well as current office holders.
Wilcox told the board that "Senate Bill 307 was passed to provide some definition of what is a gift and to provide some structure for what is to be reported." The bill also added additional requirements for public officials to disclose information on education trips and meetings.
The new statute goes into effect on January 1, 2017 and doesn't change existing law until that date.
Wilcox explained that for something to be determined as a "gift" is has to be over $200 in a calendar year, so several smaller amounts can add up to a reportable amount. There are exceptions to the reporting requirements such as personal gifts from "non-interested parties" and ceremonial gifts. Wilcox emphasized that the definition of a gift will no doubt be subject to judicial interpretations and that board members would be wise to "over-report" any gift until the rules have been sorted out.
In other business the Board approved a change order not to exceed $11,000 for Hydro Resources to re-plug and abandon the old Water Tower Lane well in Bunkerville at the same time they complete the already authorized plugging of old Well Number 1. District staff, with assistance from Bowen Collins and Associates and the State Engineers Office, was able to reduce the requirements for the closure of old Well Number 1, which resulted in a savings of 45 percent over the original projected cost.
The Board also authorized staff to seek a replacement vehicle for a truck that experienced engine failure. The estimated repair cost would have exceeded the value of the truck. Staff will seek a used vehicle with four-wheel drive in the $30,000 range and bring the request back to the Board for approval.
PreviousMission Speakers this Sunday
NextAirport Master Plan takes off
Burton Weast
Mesquite Animal Shelter Pet Listing December 21, 2018
Kokopelli Landscaping's Athlete of the week
Mesquite Chamber of Commerce to Hold a Ribbon Cutting for Leslie's Pool Service
Forgery/Fraud/Theft/Narcotic Drugs – Littlefield


"We were the victims of competition," said Jesse Klempner, owner of Aron's Records in Los Angeles. The store could not compete with the lower prices offered by chain stores, big-box retailers and a profusion of low-cost online sellers.
Klempner acknowledged that his shop was also hurt by Amoeba Music, a Bay Area-based independent store that opened a Los Angeles branch a mile away from Aron's in Hollywood. Amoeba features a bigger inventory of music and DVDs, and has been praised for its pricing policies and marketing savvy.
Nationwide, nearly 1,000 independent stores closed in the last three years, according to Clark Benson, chief executive and founder of the Los Angeles-based Almighty Institute of Music Retail, which has compiled an industry database. There are 2,800 stores left; 10 years ago, there were about 5,000, he said.
As Christmas Eve neared, Sal and Tony made final plans. They threw a party in the store for some close friends. They started removing stock from the bins.
On the last night, the owners put bottles of vodka, gin and vermouth on the counter; they drank vodka martinis, toasted an uncertain future and said goodbye to customers, as Sinatra sang "One for My Baby (And One More for the Road)."


Sun Strider is a Season 5 Epic skin. Her male counterpart is Sun Tan Specialist.
Sun Strider's Back Bling, Rescue Ring, is a red and white life buoy with rope tied on it.
Sun Strider's Pickaxe, Rescue Paddle, is a lifeguard's kickboard and a white paddle tied together with rope.
Sun Strider's Glider, Splashdown, is a red rescue boat with the white words "RESCUE" on the sides. There are two propellers on the sides too that make the Glider glide.
The Headhunter skin is used as a model for this skin.
Sun Strider can be seen in the Season 5 trailer.
Sun Strider is seen in the Season 6 Cube trailer. She is seen hammering a no swimming sign when the lake rumbles. She looks at Sun Tan Specialist and mouths "What the?". Then when the Floating Island appears, she runs away.


text:
Home News & Analysis Africa South African students pressure mining sector to fund free tuition
South African students pressure mining sector to fund free tuition
Jeremy Luedi
Anger with the ANC continues to grow, as students in South Africa stage nation-wide protests against a planned tuition hike. Protesters are calling for free tuition, and are putting pressure on the mining industry to help fund it.
South Africa is facing increasing instability as student protests sweep across the country, leading to violent clashes with police. The unrest began last week, and has continued to intensify in response to government plans to raise tuition fees by up to eight percent in 2017. Currently, only nine of the country's 26 universities are operating, with student demonstrators rallying to pressure the government to introduce free tuition.
South Africa's education problems
Across South Africa, #feesmustfall and #fees2017 are trending, as student organizations call on the government to properly invest in higher education. Higher education is a sensitive issue in the country, as black South Africans were effectively excluded from tertiary learning until the fall of the apartheid regime in 1994. Even today, despite 80% of the population being black, less than a quarter of university students in South Africa are black; black university lecturers are also underrepresented in higher education.
Apartheid era inequalities have persisted in South Africa's higher education sector, often exasperated by the ANC's failure to tackle inequality and cost of living concerns. Students protesters argue implementing free tuition would help address these inequalities, as well as aid a faltering economy over-reliant on commodities.
A major contributing factor to this under-representation is that South African universities only have enough space for the top 18% of students. Limited places, combined with exceedingly high tuition fees for many middle and working families, sees some 200,000 students unable to attend university every year due to monetary restrictions. Furthermore, of the 18% who gain admittance, almost 50% fail to graduate, with unmanageable tuition fees a major reason for this high dropout rate, according to a 2013 study by the Council on Higher Education.
In 2015, similar protests forced the government to freeze tuition hikes. Since then, the government has backtracked from its promise of a 6% cap on tuition increases. The proposed 8% increase for 2017 far exceeds the rate of inflation, undermining government claims that the increase is a necessary, periodical adjustment.
Anger with ANC fuels protests
With South Africa teetering just above junk status, a slowing economy, and falling support for the ANC, President Jacob Zuma has been forced into a corner. Racked by party and personal scandals – including an impeachment attempt – Zuma led the ANC to its worst electoral result in August, losing three major cities and further eroding the party's urban support base. Consequently, these student protests are further undermining the ANC's urban support, leading Zuma to "instruct the justice, crime prevention, and security cluster to deal with the mayhem that is destroying our institutions of higher education" according to Jeff Radebe, Minister in the Presidency.
On September 22nd, the security building at the University of Fort Hare was torched by students, and earlier in the month 32 students were arrested for setting fire to the University of KwaZulu-Natal's law library. Two students were also injured by police stun grenades and rubber bullets during demonstrations at the University of Witwatersrand.
This week saw further confrontations, as University of Johannesburg students were pepper sprayed by private security employees on Wednesday. Wednesday also saw police fire rubber bullets at students from UCKAR (Rhodes) leading to allegations of police brutality as 12 students were arrested and a further four hospitalized. Six students were also arrested following allegations of excessive police force during protests at the University of Limpopo.
South Africa was already racked by violence in June surrounding local elections and interference by the ANC leadership with the campaigns of local candidates. In recent years the country has also repeatedly suffered from violent protests by miners angered by the government's failure to implement social safety nets, and enforce regulations; a failing which has led to turf wars between rival mining unions. Students are just the latest demographic to organize against the government, as Zuma's legitimacy continues to ebb away.
University of Witwatersrand SRC President Mcebo Dlamini maintains that the call for free tuition is not unfeasible; "it's a matter of priorities" says Dlamini, "if we bail out South African Airlines for billions and billions, if these billions were taken to education, it would have assisted. To the ANC government we are saying it's a matter of priorities [sic]"
South Africa's financial woes and the ANC's raft of financial scandals have put greater focus on inequality in the country, with student activists publishing the salaries of top South African executives to highlight their grievances. Alongside calls on the government to implement free tuition in higher education, students are also looking to the private sector.
Students eye mining sector to fund free tuition
South African students have called on the private sector to help rescue the nation's higher education sector, with a particular focus on the mining industry. On Wednesday, hundreds of students marched on the office of the Chamber of Mines (CoM), demanding that the organization help fund free tuition. Specifically, students are urging the CoM to pressure mining companies to commit more money to education initiatives, as well as list public companies locally, as opposed to overseas.
Furthermore, protesters are calling on the CoM to use its clout to lobby the government to increase education funding. The South African Student Congress has called on the government to get the Public Investment Corporation to invest monies from the the Government Employees Pension Fund – the country's largest – in higher education. Students hope that the CoM could apply pressure on the government to adopt this recommendation, given the substantial role played by mining royalties in financing said funds.
On Wednesday, senior CoM executive Vusi Mabena accepted the student's memorandum, and saluted them for their activist efforts, promising a response within two weeks. The CoM has stated that it shares the concerns of students, noting that "in the 2015 financial year alone, the Chamber and its members invested more than $359 million in skills development and education projects," as well as aiding over 18,000 students over the past five years.
Despite this, the CoM has also noted that the mining sector is facing strong headwinds, as the country's mining industry suffered a combined $2.66 billion loss in 2015.
It is important to note that student demonstrators at CoM offices were joined by a representative from the Union of Mine Workers. This could herald possible ties between student and union protesters, forming a more unified opposition to the ANC, and leading to future joint protest actions. Miner complaints about lack of oversight and poor social services, mesh well with student calls for free tuition, as anger at the political establishment and concerns about inequality drive both protest movements.
The CoM and mining companies therefore face mounting pressure from both outside and within the sector, a trend that will only further increase investor wariness. Pressure from students and miners on the CoM could well force a confrontation between the Chamber and government, as the former demands government action to assuage protester demands. Given that the government is already worried about economic turmoil due to the end of the commodity super-cycle, it is in Pretoria's best interest to avoid further weakening the mining sector.
Two routes exist: either pressure from the mining sector causes the government to double down on its crackdown of protests, or industry and Pretoria strike a deal. Said deal may involve greater government investment in education, taking some of the onus from the CoM, but at the price of re-negotiated mining royalty contracts in order to pay for this new spending.
A third 'option' is for Pretoria to simple continue to muddle along, and hope that the issue blows over. This appears unlikely to succeed, as in the face of inaction, protests will only increase as the 2017 fee hike approaches.
Jeremy Luedi is a senior analyst at Global Risk Insights.
As originally appears: http://globalriskinsights.com/2016/09/south-africa-tuition-protests/
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The man who crashed through a security checkpoint Thursday at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport remains at large, nearly 24 hours after the incident.
Lake City and San Diego.
The five flights were singled out because they shut their doors and began takeoff just after the security breach was announced at JFK, TSA spokesman Christopher White said.
"No specific intelligence indicat[ed] the suspect was on board one of the flights," TSA White told the Associated Press. "But there was the small likelihood that the individual could have gotten on a flight."
Meanwhile, a man was shot and killed in the airport's parking lot early this morning. "Police are still searching for the gunman," reports Newsday.
And travelers continued to lash out at Delta Air Lines employees, who sent JFK's terminal #3 into a near-riot yesterday, after announcing that planes would be taking off immediately – despite a thousand or more fliers being stuck behind security checkpoints.
Delta attendants at check-in were uninformed, uninterested, unhelpful, and disdainful of the passengers."
"Hundreds of us were forced to stand outside in the freezing cold and wind for nearly an hour... with no explanation or information. This was especially awful for all of the families who had small children and elderly people. No attention was given to all of the people waiting and wondering what was going on," another flier tells our sister blog, 27BStroke6.
This wasn't true, but those words spread fast in our frantic and confused crowd. I was the first to sit down and rest my legs, and soon enough everyone was sitting down on line while people continued to fill up the room. There was no space for these people to even get to the check-in counters, so people just crowded around the doors. I saw an attendant erect a strap feebly blocking the entrance to the terminal but people continued to simply move it aside and enter.


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Q: replace laptop hard disk I have bought a ACER Aspire 5736Z-4790 laptop for my parents. It just passed the warranty. I think the hard disk is bad now. I cannot open/copy some of my files. It will crash (blue screen) when I do chkdsk /f/r in the stage 4 of 5 which is verifying file data. I can hear a strange noise when it is reading the bad sectors (I guess because it hangs there.)
I am thinking replace the hard disk. should I buy the same hard disk or any SATA laptop hard disk will be ok?
BTW, is there a way to repair it (with software)?

A: Any 2.5inch sata hard disk would work, with some caveats. The standard hard drive thickness is 9mm. Some systems use 7mm drives. You could install a 7mm drive in a 9mm socket with a shim, but not vice versa.
If its physical damage and makes funny noises, its probably not repairable. Some people seem to think that SpinRite might do the trick with some sorts of damage, but i've not tried it myself, and i don't entirely understand the science behind the process it uses.
I'd also suggest checking with the hard drive manufacturer and Acer if there's a separate warranty for the hard drive - iirc the standard laptop warranty is 1 year, drives seem to have 3 year warranty


To determine which viral molecule(s) is recognized by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), target cells were constructed which express individual HSV glycoproteins. A mouse L cell line, Z4/6, which constitutively expressed high levels of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) gD (gD-2) was isolated and characterized previously (D. C. Johnson and J. R. Smiley, J. Virol. 54:682-689, 1985). Despite the expression of gD on the surface of Z4/6 cells, these cells were not killed by anti-HSV-2 CTL generated following intravaginal infection of syngeneic mice. In contrast, parental Z4 or Z4/6 cells infected with HSV-2 were lysed. Furthermore, unlabeled Z4/6 cells were unable to block the lysis of HSV-2-infected labeled target cells. Cells which express HSV-1 gB (gB-1) were isolated by transfecting L cells with the recombinant plasmid pSV2gBneo, which contains the HSV-1 gB structural sequences and the neomycin resistance gene coupled to the simian virus 40 early promoter and selecting G418-resistant cell lines. One such cell line, Lta/gB15, expressed gB which was detected by immunoprecipitation and at the cell surface by immunofluorescence. Additionally, cells expressing HSV-1 gC (gC-1) or gE (gE-1) were isolated by transfecting Z4 cells, which are L cells expressing ICP4 and ICP47, with either the recombinant plasmid pGE15neo, which contains the gE structural sequences and the neomycin resistance gene, or pDC17, which contains the gC structural gene coupled to the gD-1 promoter. A number of G418-resistant cell lines were isolated which expressed gC-1 or gE-1 at the cell surface. Anti-HSV-1 CTL generated following footpad infection of syngeneic mice were unable to lyse target cells expressing gB-1 or gE-1. In contrast, target cells expressing very low levels of gC-1 were killed as well as HSV-1-infected target cells. Furthermore, infection of gC-1-transformed target cells with wild-type HSV-1 or a strain of HSV-1 that does not express gC did not result in a marked increase in susceptibility to lysis. These results suggest that murine class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted anti-HSV CTL recognize gC-1 but do not recognize gB, gD, or gE as these molecules are expressed in transfected syngeneic target cells. The results are discussed in terms of recent evidence concerning the specificity of antiviral CTL.


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'Superman' Dean Cain To Put On Badge As Reserve Officer, Because 'Real Heroes Don't Wear Capes'
Virginia Kruta Associate Editor
Former "Lois & Clark" actor Dean Cain is officially hanging up his cape on Tuesday and putting on a badge.
Cain will swear in as a reserve officer with the St. Anthony Police Department in Idaho, because, as he said, "real heroes don't wear capes. Real Superheroes wear uniforms and badges and stethoscopes! Real superheroes are members of our military, law enforcement, and first responders. Pretend Superheroes wear capes!"
After playing numerous roles as police officers and military service members, Cain spoke to The Daily Caller about his support for military and first responders and what inspired him to step across that blue line himself.
Cain shared some of his family history, saying that although he had never served in the military, he grew up in the culture and had great respect for those who did. He said, "My Grandfather was a Commander in the Navy. He was very proud of his service, and he lived his entire life as though he was still serving. My Uncle was a Lt. Colonel in the Air Force and one of their best fighter pilots. He flew F-15's, and received the Risner Award from fighter weapons school in Nellis Air Force Base. Both men were extremely respectful and humble, but tough, hard-working, and dedicated."
Noting that many military and first responders seemed to be "cut from that same cloth" — displaying humility, dedication, a "sheepdog mentality," and a commitment to hard work — Cain said that he felt like he would be a good fit.
I completely relate to people who will put themselves and their lives on the line to help others who need that help, or are unable to help themselves. I have always been a 'man of action,' from my participation in athletic competitions (especially football), but all sports. There are certain people who react well in life-threatening situations, and our military and our law enforcement and our first responders tend to be those types of folks.
The former "Superman" will be joining another actor, "CHiPs" alum Erik Estrada, who became a reserve officer in St. Anthony two years ago — and he will be working on Estrada's "All About Kids" program. "All About Kids" works to prevent teen suicide and addresses issues like bullying and internet crimes.
Cain, whose son just graduated from high school, said he plans to take lessons learned as a parent — and as the target of a fair amount of social media harassment — with him, and use them to make himself a better officer.
I have learned so much raising my young man as a single parent, much of which can be very useful in my role as an officer. Young folks have different worries and concerns and vulnerabilities than some of us adults, and I think it's important to understand and be compassionate about those concerns. Because my son just turned 18, I think I have a pretty good insight into the issues he and his friends have faced, and I can certainly bring that insight into my role as an officer working with kids.
I get attacked quite often on Twitter for my political views, and I show my son all the negative attacks that people aim toward me, and I explain why it happens, and then he sees me laugh at the attacks. Most attacks I encounter on social media are personal Ad Hominem attacks that have little or zero to do with my original statement or argument. When my son sees that these personal attacks do zero damage to my confidence and sense of self, and that I often laugh at them, I think he understands that social media is full of 'haters' and 'trolls' and people who just want to tear other people down. I took a lot of time with my son discussing social media, and the proper way to discuss things, and maintaining privacy, and being wary of predators, , etc… All young people need to be concerned about these abuses on-line.
Cain said that his primary concern going in was the way in which online bullying has rapidly overtaken physical bullying in terms of prevalence. The Princeton-educated actor may be able to ignore Twitter attacks, but teens don't always have the same level of confidence — and he plans to help address that.
"Any sort of bullying is a terrible thing, but I think online bullying is so much worse because it's psychological bullying," he said. "And that can be much more harmful and lasting, having repercussions far beyond teenage years. Kids need to be aware of what kinds of interactions are ok, what kind are dangerous, and they need to be open and honest with their parents!"
Cain could not give details about the training he went through, but he did admit that "it was comprehensive."
Tags : dean cain idaho police officer superman
Virginia Kruta
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One way to alleviate from this problem is to introduce dual-band capable wireless access points to your network. By creating a separate 5GHz wireless network, you can relieve congestion and overcrowding on the mainstream 2.4GHz frequency wireless network.
However, because the way 802.11 standard works, unless the SSID (wireless network identifier) is different between the 5GHz and the 2.4GHz networks, wireless clients will always connect to the 2.4GHz by default. Most businesses tend to prefer having a homogenous wireless network whereby the SSID is the same and in these instances they may not be getting the most of their dual-band capable wireless network.
Band steering is a technology that detects whether or not the wireless client is dual-band capable, and if it is, it will push the client to connect to the less congested 5GHz network. It does this by actively blocking the client's attempts to associate with the 2.4GHz network. Since both 802.11n and the latest 802.11ac standards support 5GHz band, band steering can ensure that they achieve their maximum performance without being bottlenecked by legacy 802.11b/g clients. This way, you can make the most of the latest technology and at the same time ensure backwards compatibility with existing legacy equipment.
Band steering is supported in D-Link's DWL-2690 (hardware version B1) as well as future 802.11ac business wireless access points. It is enabled automatically if or when the SSID of both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz is set the same.


MBA680 Q&A Weekends: How did you come up with the pricing for your SaaS, WebinarNinja?
It's Q&A Weekend, and today's listener query is about prices! Specifically, how did we decide what to charge for our SaaS, Webinar Ninja? SaaS pricing can be tricky, with prices ranging wildly from service to service. Finding the sweet spot in terms of profitability and the customers' return on investment takes some figuring. Fortunately, we're happy to tell you all about how we did it! Click play!


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Q: Is there a way to use Spring Cloud {cipher} in Spring Boot application config? I have a Spring Boot app that is using Spring Cloud Config but I would like to encrypt the Spring Cloud Config password in the Spring Boot apps bootstrap.yml file. Is there a way to do this? Below is an example.
Spring Boot app bootstrap.yml
spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://locahost:8888
      username: user
      password: '{cipher}encryptedpassword'

A: You can use Spring CLI to encrypt the secrets spring encrypt password --key 'SECRET_KEY'
https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-cli/

A: A couple things I've discovered related to this.
If you use bootstrap.yml (or application.yml), the format for the cipher text must enclosed within single quotes:
security.user.password: '{cipher}56e611ce4a99ffd99908d2c9aa1461d831722812e4370a5b6900b7ea680ae914'

If you use bootstrap.properties (or application.properties), the format for the cipher text must NOT be enclosed:
security.user.password= {cipher}56e611ce4a99ffd99908d2c9aa1461d831722812e4370a5b6900b7ea680ae914

The [reference docs][1] show the yml without the quotes, which I never got to work.  SnakeYaml always reported an error:
"expected <block end>, but found Scalar"

A: There is support for encrypted properties in the config client (as described in the user guide). Obviously if you do it that way you have to provide a key to decrypt the properties at runtime, so actually I don't always see the benefit (I suppose the config file is a bit like a keystore with a special format, so you only have one secret to protect instead of many). Example (application.yml):
integration:
  stores:
    test: '{cipher}316f8cdbb776c23e679bf209014788a6eab7522f48f97114328c2c9388e6b3c1'

and the key (in bootstrap.yml):
encrypt:
  key: ${ENCRYPT_KEY:} # deadbeef


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Business News Transportation
Metro Celebrates 40 Years of Transit Service in Cincinnati
Mass transit in Cincinnati has been around for 124 years, but the service provided by Metro is still 40 years young and the transit agency celebrated its anniversary this week.
Post author By Paige Malott
No Comments on Metro Celebrates 40 Years of Transit Service in Cincinnati
Mass transit in Cincinnati has been around for 124 years, but the service provided by Metro is still 40 years young. The first buses in the Queen City arrived in 1926 and had grown in popularity by the 1960s.
During this time, it was managed by a private company named Cincinnati Street Railway. In 1973, the City of Cincinnati and Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (SORTA) partnered to establish Metro in order to improve ridership and the quality of the buses. It was then Metro became the city's first publicly owned and operated transportation system.
After meeting on Metro's first day of service 40 years ago, Captain Rex and Anita Settlemoir renewed their wedding vows on Thursday. Photograph by Paige Malott for UrbanCincy.
To celebrate their 40th anniversary, Metro hosted an afternoon of festivities on Fountain Square. Four buses were displayed along Fifth Street, including a vintage Cincinnati Street Railway bus which had been preserved by the Cincinnati Transit Historical Society.
Local vendors Queen City Bike, Cincinnati and Hamilton County Public Library, Cincinnati Parks, and the Transit Authority of Northern Kentucky (TANK) handed out freebies while Binny and Buddy, mascots for Rumpke and Hoxworth Blood Center, entertained the crowd. Metro's booth even featured a spin-the-wheel game were participants could win an assortment of products from Metro including hand sanitizer, tote bags, or miniature model Metro buses.
"We're celebrating 40 years of connecting people and places, supporting economic development and improving the quality of life in Greater Cincinnati," announced Terry Garcia Crews, CEO of Metro.
In addition to celebrating the organization's anniversary, a local couple celebrated their 40th anniversary as well. Captain Rex and Anita Settlemoir met while riding Metro in during its first year of service. The Settlemoirs took part in a wedding vow renewal and were escorted to Fountain Square by a Metro*Plus bus; the newest vehicle introduced to the fleet.
"You could just hear the love and see it in their eyes," smiled Jill Dunne, Public Affairs Manager for Metro.
With 40 being the new 20, the city wonders what's next for Metro.
"Metro has so many exciting things ahead," explained Dunne. "Next week, we launch our Metro*Plus rapid bus service in the Montgomery corridor, and we are adding new connections on the west side, as well as more east-west routes."
"And that is just the start!" Dunne laughed. "I can't even imagine what our service will look like in 2053. I'm hoping for flying buses."
Tags bus, Cincinnati, downtown, events, fountain square, history, transit
By Paige Malott
Paige E. Malott is an award-winning multimedia director who joined UrbanCincy in 2013 as the Arts & Culture contributor. An area native, Paige has experienced living in all three genres of neighborhoods. She grew up in rural Ohio, stayed in suburban Fort Thomas, Kentucky while earning her Bachelor's degree at Northern Kentucky University, and currently resides in Downtown Cincinnati. In addition to being an urban explorer, Paige creates feature-length films about the Queen City's history. In 2010, she produced a documentary on Cincinnati's Abandoned Subway which aired on PBS to over 6 million viewers. She is also a photojournalist for CincyWhimsy.com and writes for Cincinnati USA, the region's tourism network.
← Secretary Foxx poised to continue LaHood's multi-modal legacy → Will Janette Sadik-Khan and Amanda Burden form their own urban planning policy institute?


How to File a Breach of Contract Lawsuit | The Williams Firm, P.A.
When businesses anywhere in the world enter into legally binding agreements, they often opt into Delaware law by including choice of law and choice of forum provisions in their contracts. This subjects the parties to the personal jurisdiction of Delaware.
Each party is expected to uphold its end of the agreement, and in exchange, each party has the right to expect the other party to do the same. If a party does not uphold its end of the agreement, the business may have the right to file a breach of contract lawsuit in Delaware courts.
The Williams Law Firm is here to assist your business to ensure contracts are followed. Breach of contract litigation enforces the agreements you have entered into with your vendors, customers, and other businesses.
What is the Delaware Breach of Contract Statute of Limitations?
What happens when a contract goes under the microscope.
Generally, a breach of contract occurs when one of the parties to a contract fails to perform completely as agreed and that material breach is both not cured and causes damages. Of course, when the case is in litigation, the contract is put under a microscope, which can result in a court looking to other things, such as correspondence and negotiations before the contract became effective to interpret ambiguities or the course of performance. Also, these actions need to be brought within a statutory period of time.
In Delaware, this is usually three years from the date of a breach, to avoid the claims being time-barred. The facts can also work to shorten this period on other equitable principles. Some contracts "under seal" are subject to a twenty-year statute of limitation as a specialty contract. Under certain situations involving the sale of goods governed under the UCC, the statute of limitations is four years. Other shorter limitation periods may also apply to your particular circumstances, so it is best not to delay.
While it is always best for contracts to be written down and signed, it is possible to hold another party accountable for a contract that is on a napkin, a handshake, or made orally. Of course, those cases require other types of evidence to prove the terms of the actual contract because parties rarely agree when they become polarized. Sometimes, the terms of an agreement can be changed over time as a result of agreed modifications, waiver, or through acquiescence. Generally, the elements of a breach of a Delaware contract follow the common law.
Breach of contract is more difficult to prove in oral contracts. Additionally, some types of contracts have to be in writing to be enforceable, known as the statute of frauds. For example, real estate contracts must be in writing. For every rule there is an exception, so it is important to know all of the facts, both good and bad, to evaluate the case to determine whether it is worth pursuing or whether alternatives to litigation should be considered. For example, partial performance may be a substitute to a writing signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought.
Another type of breach of contract, called breach of implied terms, focuses on terms that are not part of the express contract, but are necessary to perform the contract. These can be proved by presenting evidence that indicates the course of performance, course of dealings, or industry customs. Plus, under Delaware law, every contract has an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Many Delaware cases have interpreted these different principles to decipher their meaning in different contexts to fill gaps and judge actions after the fact.
Pre-litigation consulting and attempts to avoid court can be worthwhile because litigation should often be the last alternative. You should also consider what the grounds are to challenge jurisdiction, dismiss a case, present affirmative defenses and possible counterclaims, cross-claims, and third party claims. Plus, there is a burden of proof on the party requesting damages that requires admissible evidence be shown to the court before it can rule in your favor. Plus, the judge or jury may not agree with your witnesses or understand your theory of the case. Therefore, working out a deal with the other side is usually preferable to the uncertainty of trying the case.
Breach of contract cases have a few different types of damages that can be awarded. In Delaware, these damages follow the common law. Generally, the policy goal of damages is to require the breaching party to pay an amount that would put the non-breaching party back in the position that it would have been in had the contract been performed as agreed upon. Other times, the goal is to restore the non-breaching party to either a position as if the contract was fully performed or a position of rescission and restitution as if the contract was never entered into. It is almost impossible to get punitive damages in breach of contract cases. It is also difficult to obtain an award of attorney's fees unless the contract called for fee shifting or if there is bad faith litigation.
Sometimes, a calculation to determine an amount of damages is agreed upon in the contract itself. If this amount is paid by the breaching party, it is known as liquidated damages.
Finally, nominal damages are paid when the non-breaching party did not lose much financially and only wants to ask for a minimal amount to punish the breaching party for breaching the contract.
Breach of contract litigation can become complex if there is a misunderstanding about what the terms of the contract are based on the contract itself or if the terms are difficult to prove because a contract was oral, such as handshake deals. Also, breach of contract cases may be only a small part of a host of other claims related to fiduciary duty breaches. For that reason, businesses need the help of a qualified lawyer when pursuing or defending a breach of contract case. The Williams Law firm is here to help your Delaware business through this process.


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Richard Chizmar is the coauthor (with Stephen King) of the New York Times bestselling novella, Gwendy's Button Box. Recent books include The Girl on the Porch; The Long Way Home, his fourth short story collection; and Widow's Point, a chilling tale about a haunted lighthouse written with his son, Billy Chizmar, which was recently made into a feature film. His short fiction has appeared in dozens of publications, including Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine and The Year's 25 Finest Crime and Mystery Stories. He has won two World Fantasy awards, four International Horror Guild awards, and the HWA's Board of Trustee's award. Chizmar's work has been translated into more than fifteen languages throughout the world, and he has appeared at numerous conferences as a writing instructor, guest speaker, panelist, and guest of honor. Follow him on Twitter @RichardChizmar or visit his website at: RichardChizmar.com.
Books by Richard Chizmar


Schuster Concrete Construction, also known as DGS Construction, Inc., was founded in 1974 by Daniel G. Schuster with little more than a pick-up truck, a shed-full of tools, and the determination to succeed in business. Originally a small concrete contracting company — forming, placing, and finishing concrete — Dan and his crew all too often found themselves completing their prep work on time yet having to wait for concrete to be delivered by their suppliers. As the business payroll grew, so did the cost of even short delays and it became more clear that the only way to guarantee timely deliveries and have full control over project schedules was to start producing and delivering the concrete within his own company.
In 1985, Dan built a small concrete batch plant on New Plant Court in Owings Mills. Other small contractors, local builders and DIY homeowners, soon discovered the quality products and on-time deliveries of this new competitor in the market and the Schuster Concrete supply business venture grew quickly with 6 additional concrete batch plants constructed in the years since.
Today, Schuster Concrete Construction has grown into one of the largest concrete construction companies in the area. Ranked number 235 in the October 12th, 2009 edition of Engineering News-Record (ENR) list of the 600 largest specialty contractors in the United States, our experience includes commercial, institutional, educational, government, high rise structures, parking garages, health care & medical facilities, industrial, warehouse, and renovation / reuse concrete construction of all types, including tilt-up or tilt-wall, post-tension, various types of cast-in-place concrete floor systems, tower crane services, large scale laser screed concrete pours, concrete pumping services, and other state of the art concrete placement techniques and project management — private, public, large and small, we can handle it.
The 22 story Baltimore Four Seasons Inner Harbor Hotel; the 28 Story Legg Mason Tower on the Harbor East waterfront; the 191 unit Ritz Carlton luxury waterfront condominiums in Baltimore, Md; the Baltimore Inner Harbor Pier 5 parking garage; the Gaylord National Resort, Hotel & Conference Center in Oxon Hill, MD; the 30 story Parcel B, Baltimore Inner Harbor multi-use complex; the 14 story Harrison Suites Hotel in Ocean City, MD; the 2,900 vehicle MTA Metro Centre parking garage; and the 12 story Grandview at Towne Center luxury condominiums in Annapolis, Maryland are just a few of our more notable projects.
Dan Schuster's "make it happen" attitude exists within the entire Schuster Concrete workforce. We are agile, adaptable, passionate, and willing to go the extra mile to achieve success in our work while providing value added, quality service to our customers.