This section gives you an overview of all the latest news of the CHF and also gives you the opportunity to download the latest newsletter.
The CHF organizes various projects, also we assist interns with the execution of projects which include Ban Move Awor and E Kick di nos Salu.
CHF Publications have been created in the native language of Curacao to help spread the understanding of both heart related diseases and CPR.
The CHF also organizes events which are sometimes recorded and posted online also the CHF LOTUS crew acts out examples of heart disease cases.
with information on cardiovascular diseases and prevention.
This folder gives an overview of what heart failure entails and how you can prevent this and what to do when this occurs.
This folder gives an overview of what a TIA entails. Also how to prevent this.
In this publication the common heart attack is discussed, what it is, what can be done when it occurs and how to prevent it.
This publication deals with all the complications surrounding a stroke. How to prevent this and what can be done when it occurs.


Our ASE-certified technicians work on all vehicle makes and models, both foreign and domestic. From air filter replacement to engine replacement, we're here to help. We also sell and install tire brands like Cooper, Goodyear, MICHELIN®, and more. Visit Monday through Thursday from 7:30 AM to 5:30 PM or Friday from 7:30 AM to 5:00 PM. You can also visit us anytime on Facebook.


text:
Crane Stationery: Making a Mark on the World for over 200 Years.
Individuality, style, endurance. At Crane & Co., they're written into our DNA.
Today, people all over the world choose our timeless, characterful stationery to make memorable connections that matter. But the Crane story – and the principles behind it – have been centuries in the making.
Give Us Liberty
Our story started over 200 years ago, when craftsman and entrepreneur Stephen Crane made a statement, not just with his fashion-forward breeches but with his decisive action in opening the Crane paper business in 1770. The resulting Liberty Paper Mill was just five miles from Boston and it opened for trade only two years after the British occupied the town. With the mill's very name, Crane stood for spirited individuality from day one.
Revolutionary Potential
If the pen is mightier than the sword, it's about time we gave the paper its due.
From patriotic newspapers to colonial currency, our 100 percent cotton paper has long been the material of choice for the connections and exchanges that inspired the United States of America. Members of Boston's activist elite were among Crane's first customers; a certain Paul Revere used Crane paper for his engraved banknotes – banknotes that went on to help finance the Revolution. Along with friends, family and customers, Stephen Crane expressed his fiery patriotism, free-thinking and ambition whenever the opportunity presented itself, even at a little event called the Boston Tea Party. From the early days of the Liberty Paper Mill, Crane has strived to make a statement.
In today's digital world, we pride ourselves on helping our customers to make their own individual mark on this world.
Thankfully, Stephen Crane passed on his passion and skill and his son Zenas grew the company well beyond its walls. In 1799, Zenas found the perfect location for a new mill along the banks of the Housatonic River in Dalton, Massachusetts.
Since that day we've been a part of the Berkshires – and our values have stayed in the same place too. For over 200 years, Crane has been recognized for the quality and craftsmanship of our papers. Banknotes, government proclamations and stocks and bonds have all been printed on Crane paper.
We're part of the fabric of American life.
But we've held on to our independent roots too. The Crane name has long attracted trailblazers and game changers; from the Roosevelts to Jimmy Fallon, we've helped some iconic people convey their individuality and care in every message they send.
The mid-1800s bought a new era for Crane. Carrier pigeons everywhere wept as the envelope and postage stamp became Europe's chic new way to correspond. With the arrival of the postal services, the continent developed a passionate love affair with our personalized paper – one that still has hearts racing today.
From the cafés and boulevards of Paris to London's smoggy cobblestones, Crane's craftsmanship and effortless elegance won the brand legions of devotees. After all, grand affairs of the heart, the state and business deserve correspondence that does them justice.
From free-spirited travelers undertaking their own Grand Tour to business ambassadors abroad, a handwritten message on bespoke stationery says more than an email or Facebook post ever could – no matter what language it's written in.
In the 21st century, Crane's values continue to stand out. Like you, we hold honesty, passion and freedom of expression close to our hearts – meaningful, personal communication should be worth the paper it's written on.
Forward-thinking individuals still swoon over our eco-friendly 100 percent cotton paper and still choose our handcrafted, personalized stationery to express their style and creativity.
Just like Stephen Crane back in 1770, today Crane customers the world over are standing up for individuality.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: R Shiny Leaflet: Plot from shape file SF object WGS 84 missing lng ang lat data First time working with shape files and new to mapping so please forgive my potential ignorance here. Also, I am unable to create MWE due to access to shape file in question.
I am creating a leaflet map within Shiny and using the SF package for reading shape files. I am trying to import a shape file to display as a map overlay.
Shape file:
Simple feature collection with 13 features and 20 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension:     XYZ
Bounding box:  xmin: 389792.7 ymin: 2295313 xmax: 431035.9 ymax: 2376519
z_range:       zmin: 0 zmax: 0
Projected CRS: WGS 84 / UTM zone 46N

Structure:
Classes 'sf' and 'data.frame':  13 obs. of  21 variables:
 $ Join_Count: num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
 $ TARGET_FID: num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
 $ JOIN_FID  : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
 $ Id        : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
 $ OBJECTID  : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
 $ Name      : chr  "Teknaf Beach Deposits" "Tipam" "Girujan Clay" "Upper Bokabil sst-shl alteration" ...
 $ FolderPath: chr  NA "Geology_Interpretation.kmz/Geology_Interpretation" "Geology_Interpretation.kmz/Geology_Interpretation" "Geology_Interpretation.kmz/Geology_Interpretation" ...
 $ SymbolID  : num  0 0 1 2 4 5 6 5 5 6 ...
 $ AltMode   : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
 $ Base      : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
 $ Clamped   : num  0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 ...
 $ Extruded  : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
 $ Snippet   : chr  NA NA NA NA ...
 $ PopupInfo : chr  NA NA NA NA ...
 $ Shape_Leng: num  0 2.485 1.368 0.163 0.157 ...
 $ Shape_Le_1: num  0 2.493 1.426 0.892 0.812 ...
 $ Shape_Area: num  0 0.04115 0.00439 0.00418 0.00205 ...
 $ OBJECTID_1: num  0 1 2 3 5 9 11 12 14 15 ...
 $ layer     : chr  NA "Clip_all" "Clip_all" "Clip_all" ...
 $ path      : chr  NA "MultiPolygonZ?crs=EPSG:3857&field=OBJECTID_1:long(10,0)&field=Name:string(254,0)&field=FolderPath:string(254,0)"| __truncated__ "MultiPolygonZ?crs=EPSG:3857&field=OBJECTID_1:long(10,0)&field=Name:string(254,0)&field=FolderPath:string(254,0)"| __truncated__ "MultiPolygonZ?crs=EPSG:3857&field=OBJECTID_1:long(10,0)&field=Name:string(254,0)&field=FolderPath:string(254,0)"| __truncated__ ...
 $ geometry  :sfc_MULTIPOLYGON of length 13; first list element: List of 1
  ..$ :List of 1
  .. ..$ : num [1:832, 1:3] 424728 424746 424763 424781 424799 ...
  ..- attr(*, "class")= chr [1:3] "XYZ" "MULTIPOLYGON" "sfg"
 - attr(*, "sf_column")= chr "geometry"
 - attr(*, "agr")= Factor w/ 3 levels "constant","aggregate",..: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
  ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:20] "Join_Count" "TARGET_FID" "JOIN_FID" "Id" ...

Previous shapes have been simply added using addPolygons and function perfectly. However, I am unable to map this particular file which I assume stems from two things. 1) There are no lng or lat data stored as far as I can see. 2) The file uses WGS 84 CRS whereas leaflet needs ESRI  3857?
I've attempted to transform the shapefile using shape <- shape %>% st_transform(3857) but receive the following: addPolygons must be called with both lng and lat, or with neither. So I guess this confirms that the missing lng and lat data are the issue here?
My question is, is there anything I can do to resolve this or is there a more fundamental issue with the creation of the shape file itself?
Advice appreciated!

A: Your object is in a projected CRS (see the last line of your first printout). Specifically it seems to be in https://epsg.io/32646
To make it work with leaflet consider transforming (= sf::st_transform()) it to unprojected CRS - "pure" WGS 84 = EPSG::4326 should be good.
Also make double certain that you are adding your object via the data argument of leaflet::addPolygons() - and not via the first (or technically the second, since we are in a pipe) argument, which is not data but lng - thus causing your polygons object to have "defined" longitude (wrongly, but I digress) but no latitude. This is the most common root cause of the error you mention.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Taking the Risk out of Innovation
"The arrival of improved sensing, processing and prototyping technologies helped usher in the smartphone era and the new DIY economy…. Three technologies in particular could transform not just how we design but how we make the decisions that tell us what to design. Properly applied, they could spell the end of failed consumer products." —Chris Murray, IDSA, director of industrial design at Bresslergroup
Explore. Build. Lead.
"Coming together with all of these different designers and getting the experience … has really opened my mind and made me meet people that I wouldn't have come in contact with if I hadn't come to SHiFT." —Sydney Fowler, Savannah College of Art and Design student
"The Next Phase"
One of the most established design firms in Silicon Valley that is also an IDSA Ambassador, has unveiled the launch of what it calls its "Next Phase."
On the Write Track
An IDSA member has come up with a glass fountain pen that can write with anything from wine to soy sauce.
Jessica Chan, IDSA, says WINKpens also can be filled with juice, tea , dark beer—just about any fluid that contains a staining property. The standard model is made of a two-sided, glass writing nib; a coupler; transparent glass housing; a twisting, refill ink system; and a barrel cap. Chan, of Portland, OR, hopes to sell her WINKpens in wineries, travel companies, art supply stores, specialty gift shops and online.
Curse the Darkness
Candleholders created by Fabio Castellanos, IDSA, and several other New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) students and professors will be featured in the Curse the Darkness design showcase, part of New York City Design Week, May 15-18, 2015.
The students and faculty are part of NJIT's School of Art and Design's Bachelor of Industrial Design program.
The End of Throwing it Over the Wall
IDSA Member Tom KraMer says "assembly-line thinking" has contributed to the schism between designers (artists) and engineers (craftsmen). "It arose from several issues, but misunderstanding is a primary component of the problem, from both sides of the equation," writes the president and managing principal
Cooper Hewitt Announces National Design Awards
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum has announced the latest winners of its National Design Awards, recognizing excellence, innovation and enhancement of the quality of life by design.
From breakdancing to breakout sessions, IDSA's 2015 Midwest District Design Conference made quite a splash in St. Louis. Professionals, students, speakers and sponsors met at the INTERSECTION May 1-2.
IDSA Student Member Rocks It!
She tells Furniture Design, her project "aesthetically highlights the integration of rustic and industrial fabrication with its cohesive and simplistic beauty." IDSA Student Member and University of Oregon senior majoring in product and material studies Sarah Goldner has won the top prize in the Groovystuff by Design: Connecting Education with Industry Challenge.
Design Elevated
On May 1, 2015, the works of several members of Appalachian State University's IDSA Student Chapter will be among the projects featured in the Design Elevated Senior ID Showcase in Boone, NC.


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A Terminal Public Relations Nightmare
It is the worst nightmare of anyone involved in event planning: The event turns into a disaster. Such was the case last week in London, where British Airways ("BA") and BAA, which operates Heathrow Airport, opened Terminal 5.
The hype surrounding T5, as it is known, started in September 2002 when ground was broken on the $8.6 billion structure. Designed by award-winning architects Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners, T5 is the largest free-standing building in the United Kingdom. It took over 60,000 people working over 100 million person-hours to transform a former sludge works, divert two rivers and tunnel eight miles. T5 was built on time and on budget to handle 30 million passengers annually and process 12,000 pieces of luggage per hour. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II officially opened T5 on March 14th, and the facility opened for business March 27th.
The visit by Queen Elizabeth II was the last bit of good news for BA and BAA. Since Terminal 5 opened, BA and BAA have dealt with the following problems, most of which have been related to baggage handling operations:
— Over 430 cancelled flights.
— Between 20,000 and 30,000 pieces of luggage were separated from their owners, including 15,000 pieces that were being sent to Milan, Italy to be sorted and returned to passengers from mainland Europe.
— Detailed blueprints of the terminal's fire alarm system were found about 20 miles away and given to a newspaper reporter, who said that security analysts believed the information could have been of benefit to someone planning a terrorist action.
— Financial analysts estimated on Monday that the problems could cause a loss of $50 million in revenues for BA. The company could face additional losses related to customer compensation and fines from European Union regulatory agencies.
— Rival airlines and private jet services reported increases in bookings, saying they were helping stranded BA passengers.
— A "flash mob" descended on the terminal on opening day to protest continued expansion at Heathrow.
— Newspaper, radio and television editorials have slammed BA, BAA and the executives in charge of the entities.
— Media outlets have run countless stories of passengers whose plans were dashed, such as a young couple whose wedding was ruined when their flight was cancelled and their baggage was lost.
— BA destroyed thousands of copies of a full-color internal newsletter commemorating the opening of T5 that was to be distributed to the company's 40,000-plus employees.
— A plan for the Olympic torch to arrive at T5 next week was scrapped.
BA went on an all-out PR blitz prior to T5's opening. Company executives hailed the facilities opening, claiming that its high-tech baggage handling and advanced check-in systems would speed customer arrivals and departures. Human error, however, seems to be the cause of many of T5's problems.
Check-in agents were not on duty when the terminal opened at 4:00 AM on its first day of operation and baggage handlers had trouble getting to the site that day. Poor communication from BA and BAA caused stressed out travelers to complain more vigorously, causing additional delays as personnel shifted from operational activities to customer service.
The opening of T5 is one of the worst operational disasters in recent business history, perhaps only rivaled by a baggage system issue that caused a sixteen-month delay in the opening of Denver International Airport in 1996. (In that case, the new airport sat empty as engineers unsuccessfully tried to fix the problem.)
Moreover, while Bear Stearns imploded recently, the company's operations were barely affected. BA, meanwhile, has seen problems cascade across its operations due to the flight cancellations.
BA and BAA have been publicly blaming one another for the problems at T5, though most of the media and public's ire is aimed at BA, the terminal's only occupant. Government officials who were supportive of the project have also been targets of criticism.
BA's handling of the T5 crisis has been poor, at best.
Company executives cheerfully suggested on Day 1 that problems would be resolved quickly. Operational executives on the ground at T5 then appeared in front of the media to make boilerplate comments. In the meantime, BA's public relations organ was operating a few miles away in its offices, unaware of what was really going on at T5 and relying on second-hand information.
Taking much of the blame for the T5 disaster has been BA Chief Executive Officer Willie Walsh. After initially trying to suggest that T5's problems were nothing huge, Walsh has relented, saying recently that he takes the blame for the disaster and acknowledging that the company screwed up.
Julie Simpson, BA's head of corporate communications, has also been castigated. Simpson joined the company less than a year ago after serving as an advisor to former Prime Minister Tony Blair. She has been criticized for essentially doing what a PR person does when something goes horribly wrong – resorting to boilerplate press releases and taking no questions.
While there were suggestions in the media that the T5 opening possibly would not go smoothly, no one could have predicted that the event would turn into an unmitigated disaster … no one except the PR people of BA and BAA.
The PR people at BA and BAA should have been dreaming up nightmare scenarios of how to handle a crisis. They should have been on the scene on opening day (I would have set aside office space in the terminal for them) and in constant communication with executives and operational managers. The PR people should have cleared T5 of media, arguing that they were interfering with operations and making the situation worse.
T5 is an operational disaster and one that could have been avoided. The PR problem that accompanied the mess could not have been avoided, but it could have been handled much better. It's obvious that the PR staffs of BA and BAA were simply not prepared. They were too busy hyping and not worrying about contingency plans. Their peers at rival airlines, meanwhile, have taken full advantage of the situation.
Sadly, BA, BAA and the affected passengers may not be the only people licking their wounds.
"The shambles we have seen at Heathrow's new Terminal 5 comes as little surprise. It is yet another depressing chapter for the UK's crumbling transport system and sends a depressing message to businesses around the world. This is a PR disaster at a time when London and the UK are positioning themselves as global players. We can only hope that this will provide a wake up call as we gear ourselves up to host the Olympics in 2012."
That statement came from, of all organizations, The British Chambers of Commerce.


You are visiting the placeholder page for Pamela Brown. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Pamela Brown. We created this page automatically in hopes Pamela Brown would find it. If you are not Pamela Brown, but are an alumni of Clearwater High School Piedmont, MO, register on this site for free now.


Seriously. Apatosaurus is just nuts.
Pursuant to a comment I just made on the previous post, here is cervical 8 of YPM 1980, the holotype of Brontosaurus excelsus, now of course known as Apatosaurus excelsus, in anterior and left lateral views, scanned from plate 12 of Ostrom and McIntosh 1966. Look on my cervicals, ye mighty, and despair.
You see? I wasn't kidding. This thing is beyond crazy. The dorsoventral height of its parapophyses alone exceeds that of the centrum and neural spine together. What the heck was it doing with that thing? Seriously. It makes no mechanical sense whatsoever. To the best of my knowledge no-one has ever even advanced a hypothesis about those honkin' great cervical ribs … and I am not about to break that streak.
And here I always thought of Apatosaurus as a sort of milquetoast sauropod.
Maybe there was an attachement for extra-strong breathing muscles so the thing could lift its head higher without suffering from the difference in altitude? (We have a heart rate monitor that records altitude and it can tell the difference between stories in our house.) Or for raising the blood pressure do it could raise its head higher? Or for breathing underwater in spite of from depth compression?
Well, I'll advance a hypothesis: Apatosaurs used those cervical ribs to support enormous folds of skin on their necks that allowed them to inflate their throats into gigantic resonance chambers. This allowed the Apatosaurs to produce low frequency noises loud enough to knock large predators off their feet and to signal to others of their own kind many, many, miles away.
In deference to opinions expressed in the comments on the previous post, I will forgo the giant smilie I'd otherwise have used above.
With the correct geometry of bone in the spine, muscles pulling below the ball joint can relieve some of the compression caused by muscles pulling above it.
I can't make sense of that, P.J. As you say, muscles can only pull. So if we have dorsal muscles pulling backwards on the spine and epipohyses, and ventral muscles also pulling backwards on the cervical ribs, the the results will be even more compression on the centrum.
I am not a paleontologist, so I am not familiar with the correct terminology for the various components of a vertibrae, so bear with me.
If you look at the rearward facing part on the lowest projection, it is my belief that there is an overlap of that and the next vertibrae toward the rear of the animal, so that a muscle connecting the two when contracted, will in fact pull the lower part of the vertibrae apart, thus reducing the pressure on what you say is the centrum.
It is also likely that this set of muscles would be used to swing the head from side to side.
My email address is P.Morant@btinternet.com if you would like to contact me, I could send you a drawing of what I am getting at.
The rearward-facing part of the lowest projection is the cervical rib — it's homologous with the ribs in your torso, but fused firmly to the vertebra (at least in mature animals) and as you way points backwards.
I think what you're describing is the "ventral bracing hypothesis" of Martin et al. (1998). If so, kudos for pulling straight out of the hat like that. But I'm afraid it won't fly. There are lots of reasons, and in fact Matt and I have a paper in prep on just that, but on of the more obvious reasons with Apatosaurus is that the cervical ribs just aren't long enough to overlap when consecutive vertebrae are articulated — as you can see in this composite from another of our papers.
I used to visit the Natural History Museum in London and look at the skeleton of Diplodocus and wonder why the bottom of each vertebrae was so long and extended far beyond the junction of that one and the next.
To connect muscles in such a way as to convert a pull into a push seemed to make sense.
Many thanks for the drawing, as you say, the projection is too short unless erosion has shortened them.
I will send a drawing anyway, should give you a laugh.
P.J., I think I see what you are saying–maybe you can correct me if I've misunderstood. But the fulcrum for all of these muscular actions is still the articulation between the two centra (the ball-and-socket joint about 2/3 of the way up on this particular vertebra). If there was some other fulcrum, muscular contractions below the vertebrae might work as you suggest. But there's only the one, so contractions above or below the vertebra will tend to load the body, or centrum, in compression. Hope that makes sense!
As you point out, in Apatosaurus the cervical rib is not long enough to support my idea of muscles in tension reducing the load on the centra.
Would not this be possible in Diplodocus and others which have the cervical ribs overlapping?
I find the "bracing" theory of Martin a bit unsatisfactory, as it would seem to add a certain rigidity in tension below the centra, thereby adding to the load on the dorsal muscles and centra.
I'm afraid it won't work. The ribs of Diplodocus are not long enough either; and for those sauropods whose ribs are long enough, like Giraffatitan, they are nowhere near robust enough.
Many thanks for the information, that answers something that has puzzled me for years.
In future I will concentrate on something I know something about, which is not a lot.
Let me strongly encourage you not to back off from palaeo just because one interesting idea you had didn't pan out. The way you get to know about a subject is by lunging in, which is what you've started to do here. When I started out (as Matt will tell you, having been my principal mentor) I came up with a couple of dozen ideas before I started to settle into a groove of realising what kind of thing would and wouldn't work. (Not that I have that down now, or anything.) In short, if palaeo interests you, then by putting the work in, you can make a contribution.
I am still interested in the subject, and would dearly love to build a time machine to go back and look at these creatures live, but I will be 84 this year so my time is getting a bit short.
Well if you build a time machine go forward in time and get the life extension treatments from the future doctors first.
Then you will have the time to do whatever you want ;-) .


Freeze the banana. Best bet is to leave it overnight.
When you fancy making it, pop the banana in the blender and blitx for a bit. You'll need a fork to push it down the sides so that it actually blends. Add a little milk (see video). Pop in the peanut butter. Blitz until smooth.
Finally, add in the chocolate and blitz a bit. Doesn't matter if it doesn't get annihilated as we like large chunks of chocolate in anything!
Grate some chocolate on top to make it look pretty.


What is perhaps most interesting about the film is that Suzuki frequently approaches his science through a far more personal angle than most researchers do. The documentary allows Suzuki to elaborate on the personal philosophies that arise during his lecture, and Suzuki shows that the most compelling evidence is usually that which is personal. Gunnarsson overlaps Suzuki's lecture with scenes in which Suzuki describes his early fascination with nature, as well as personal anecdotes that illustrate how he furthered his passion through an active engagement with people and their environment. It is in this regard that Force of Nature does justice to Suzuki. The film presents Suzuki's overwhelming insight and appreciation for both nature and humanity, and it does so through an easy articulation of his most complex and imperative ideas. The philosophy of Force of Nature is so accessible because Gunnarsson simply allows Suzuki to explain his own science – the man has been doing so on the CBC for decades, so to do otherwise would completely undermine the project. Moreover, Suzuki's compassion, enthusiasm, and genuine interest in his subjects demonstrate how he has been so influential to Canadians.
The film also takes time to explore David Suzuki's childhood and adolescence, in which Suzuki gained first-hand experience of the rampant racism of Wartime Canada. In one segment, Suzuki describes how his family was relocated to the Japanese internment camps of British Columbia, despite the fact that both his parents were born and raised in Canada. Suzuki's heartfelt description of the politics that tore his family apart is but one damning example of how one of Canada's most iconic figures was constantly a victim of the politics of belonging.
Despite this, the film expresses Suzuki's great love for his country (as any NFB doc would). With a keen emphasis on the greatness of the Canadian landscape, Suzuki explores the changing shift in cultures and values: Suzuki relates his own experiences with Haida tribe of British Columbia to note how the declining state of global preservation is directly related to a collective dissolution of personal connection to nature.
Force of Nature is as compelling and educational as the best of scholastic documentaries. It is more than successful, though, due to the warmth and ingenuity that radiates from Suzuki as he candidly imparts his wisdom. Force of Nature is an enriching and inspiring portrait of a great Canadian.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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GAF ist eine finnische Goregrind-Band aus Helsinki, die im Jahr 2007 gegründet wurde.

Geschichte
Die Band wurde im Jahr 2007 gegründet. Im Folgejahr erschien das Debütalbum der Band Mongofied bei Scrotum Jus Records, das im Studio von Gitarrist Panu Posti aufgenommen, gemixt und gemastert wurde. Der Veröffentlichung folgten diverse Auftritte, darunter auch ein Auftritt auf dem Obscene Extreme im Jahr 2009. Im Jahr 2010 folgte das zweite Album Cultivate Disdain, das ebenfalls bei Scrotum Jus Records erschien und wieder in Postis Studio aufgenommen wurde. Im Jahr 2011 spielte die Band auf dem Tuska Open Air Metal Festival.

Stil
Die Band spielte auf ihrem ersten Album Goregrind, der teilweise stark durch Rock beeinflusst wurde. Auf dem zweiten Album gingen diese zurück, wobei stattdessen Einflüsse aus dem Death Metal verarbeitet wurden.

Diskografie
 2008: Mongofied (Album, Scrotum Jus Records)
 2010: Cultivate Disdain (Album, Scrotum Jus Records)

Weblinks
 GAF bei Myspace

Einzelnachweise

Finnische Band
Goregrind-Band
Band (Helsinki)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
State-by-State Information
11.1% of 9 seats
(2 Senate, 7 House)
25% of 8 seats
(9D, 15R, 1Ind)
Congress - Current and Historic
Nancy Mace R U.S. Representative 2021-present
Elizabeth J. Patterson D U.S. Representative 1987-1992
Corinne Boyd Riley D U.S. Representative 1962-1962 Riley won a special election to fill a vacancy caused by the death of her husband.
Willa L. Fulmer D U.S. Representative 1944-1944 Fulmer won a special election to fill a vacancy caused by the death of her husband.
Clara G. McMillan D U.S. Representative 1939-1940 McMillan won a special election to fill a vacancy caused by the death of her husband.
Elizabeth Hawley Gasque D U.S. Representative 1938-1938 Gasque won a special election to fill a vacancy caused by the death of her husband.
Statewide Elective Executive - Current and Historic
Pamela Evette R Lt. Governor 2019-present
Ellen Weaver R Superintendent of Public Instruction 2023-present
Molly M. Spearman R Superintendent of Public Instruction 2015-2022
Nikki R. Haley R Governor 2011-2017
Inez Tenenbaum D Superintendent of Public Instruction 1999-2006
Barbara Nielsen R Superintendent of Public Instruction 1991-1998
Nancy Stevenson D Lt. Governor 1979-1982
State Legislature - Numbers and Percentage of Officeholders by Year
Year
State Rank
Total Women/Total Senate
Total Women/Total House
Total Women/Total Legislature
% Total Women
2023 48 1D | 3R| 1Ind 5/46 8D | 12R 20/124 25/170 14.7
2022 46 2D | 3R 5/46 13D | 11R 24/124 29/170 17.1
2017 47 2D | 2R 4/46 11D | 9R 20/124 24/170 14.1
2012 50 0D | 0R 0/46 9D | 9R 18/124 18/170 10.6
2008 50 1D | 1R 2/46 8D | 5R 13/124 15/170 8.8
2000 48 2D | 1R 3/46 6D | 10R 16/124 19/170 11.2
1988 44 1D | 1R 2/46 11D | 3R 14/124 16/170 9.4
1986 47 1D | 0R 1/46 8D | 1R 9/124 10/170 5.9
1975 39 0D | 0R 0/46 4D | 4R 8/124 8/170 4.7
Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP). 2023. "South Carolina." New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University-New Brunswick. https://cawp.rutgers.edu/facts/state-state-information/south-carolina (Accessed January 28, 2023)


Bloom, Molly (Fictitious character) -- Fiction.
What if Molly took center stage in James Joyce's Ulysses ? What if she lived in suburban America?
It is June 16, 1999, in Dublin, Ohio, and Molly wanders through her empty day while her husband, Leo, tends to a strict and busy professor's schedule. On the surface of her thoughts, Molly wonders: Will he remember their anniversary? And how many hints should she give him? As Molly and Leo circle each other throughout the day, Judith Kitchen illuminates the scope of Leo and Molly's life together detail by detail. Molly is offended by the hot June day, hums Irish tunes, considers an old love;Leo thinks about his star pupil, young girls at the tennis court, his aging father. Both, if differently, mourn the loss of their four-year-old son eight years ago.
In this momentous novel, Kitchen weaves these and other voices into the tapestry of a single day, an ordinary day in the lives of ordinary people, yet a day that, by gathering the threads of all they have been, might change their lives forever. Strange, Molly was thinking, how we go through our lives on remote control. But as she drives toward town, a quick glance at a fatal car accident, which has slowed traffic to an agonizing crawl, brings her to the precipice.
Judith Kitchen attended college in Vermont. After graduating, she worked as a part-time secretary, an assistant in a carnival supply business, with the New York state Poets in the Schools, and finally as an instructor at SUNY College at Brockport. For twenty years, she served as editor and publisher of the State Street Press Chapbook Series.
She wrote several books during her lifetime including Perennials, Writing the World: Understanding William Stafford, Only the Dance, Distance and Direction, Half in Shade: Family, Photography, and Fate, and The Circus Train. The House on Eccles Road won the S. Mariella Gable Prize in fiction. Her work has also won the Lillian Fairchild Award, the Anhinga Prize for poetry, and two Pushcart Prizes. She was the co-director of the Rainier Writing Workshop with her husband, Stan Sanvel Rubin. She died of cancer in November 2014 at the age of 73.
Eight years after the death of their only child, Molly O'Rourke and Leo Bluhm are still tiptoeing around each other. While Leo is able to lose himself in academia, Molly has found it impossible to resume work as a singer. Both continue to mourn, albeit separately and wordlessly. This intense premise is rendered with amazing grace as Kitchen, the writer in residence at SUNY at Brockport, uses the occasion of the couple's 13th anniversary to explore themes of grief, loss, and loyalty. Her prose is poetic and breathtakingly beautiful. As the story unfolds, readers witness the intersection of past and present, learning ways that relationships are distorted by history and tainted by memory. What's more, by focusing on a single day (much like Ulysses, which it hints at), the novel captures both the nuances of routine and the serendipity of chance. Indeed, one cannot close the book without wondering why some of us are granted long lives and professional success while others are not. The winner of the publisher's S. Mariella Gable Prize for a previously unpublished novel, this work is recommended for all libraries.-Eleanor J. Bader, Brooklyn, NY (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.


Please comment below if you are interested in making this a reality in Apopka, Florida.
I've been a resident of Apopka for over 14 years and have loved many of the great things our city has done. The city was early pioneers on getting new automatic trash and recycling trucks and bins, long before Orange County and others surrounding cities. Now I would love to see the city save even more money and help create a habit of reducing waste that goes into the garbage bins. I am friends with Chris Castro, Director of Sustainability at the City of Orlando. He got the City of Orlando on board with a plan to reduce how many tons are going into the Orange County Landfill from their garbage trucks by giving the option to residents to have an Earth Machine Composter. When purchased in bulk, the composters are about $33 each. They have a 10-year warranty on them. In 2-3 years, the composters will have diverted a ton per resident, if used. That means a saving of $33.60 for the city in that time and continual savings after that.
In the 2016-17 budget for Apopka, I see there is an estimated 15,600 tons of garbage from residential units that will go to the Orange County landfill. Imagine if you had 2,000 of these composters at households willing to help reduce garbage waste. You could save almost 750 tons of garbage from going to the landfill at $33.60 per ton. That's a saving of $25,200 in one year. Imagine expanding the program to additional residents and commercial properties. In 2-3 years, the composter has paid for itself and will be a continual savings of about $13 per resident per year that uses the composter. With a 10-year warranty, it will save the city almost $91 per resident in landfill fees over its lifetime, in addition to paying for the unit at $33 each.
What can you do with the compost created?
Improve your garden, lawn, and trees with this enriched soil.
What can go into composters?
Fruits, vegetables, eggs shells, coffee grounds, grass clippings, shredded paper, shredded cardboard, hay, straw, nuts, bread, grains, yard trimmings, leaves, dryer link, hair, and fur.
As we teach our citizens about better ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle, we can help make our city a better place to live and save lots of money in the long run.
There are great ideas around this for commercial use too, especially restaurants and businesses that have a lot of food waste.
I would love to share more about this. I would also invite Chris Castro to share some of their lessons learned and how to take next the steps in making this become a reality.
I would love one or two of these.
T Hudson , I would love to have one !
I would love to see the city implement this. I'll take one!
Very interested in seeing this come to fruition !
I would definitely use one….or two!!!
I would love to have one. Eric Saegebarth.
May I have one please!


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Choose a terrorist group that is a threat to the United States' homeland security
Subject: Business / General Business
esearch project:
Choose a terrorist group that is a threat to the United States' homeland security. Analyze the group's capability regionally and globally as well as the threat it poses to the United States' homeland security in the 21st century. What is the group's threat to stabilization of the region of the group's home base? What recommendations would you make to the Secretary of Homeland Security for improving the United States' response to your group? What are the most significant challenges in emergency response towards your group? Can the United States establish a dialog with your group? What are the risks? What are the advantages?
Choose a topic based on the above information
Write a thesis statement summarizing the main argument you will be making in your final paper. This may change as you move forward, but it will be your general road map. A thesis statement should not be more than 1-2 sentences and should address all the questi 17:30
Final Paper:
The final paper must contain 10-12 full pages of content, double-spaced, with standard 1-inch margins and 12-point standard font. You may use APA style for the citations. All papers must use a minimum of five primary and five secondary sources. You may use the sources assigned for this course, but you may not count them toward the minimum sourcesfor your project. At least two of your secondary sources must be academic journal articles.
Your paper should have a minimum of 10 sources, five primary and five secondary sources. (If you are unfamiliar with this distinction, check out the information here:.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/ResearchW/resource.html" title="http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/ResearchW/resource.html">owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/ResearchW/resource.html.) Restrict your sources to newspaper articles from major national and international papers, published journals and magazine articles, academic sources, and websites from major organizations and government agencies. Course materials may be used as a reference, but it does not count toward the minimum


Sometimes just changing basic flavors adds new zest to vegetables. I have to admit that my own palate had grown tired of some of winter's vegetables, and I'm awaiting all those fresh new spring things. We've had some new asparagus, but pretty much everything else is still ripening. Adding curry powder to winter veggies gives them a brand new flavor - adding some zip as we wait for springs new crop.
Heat the olive oil in a saute pan. Add the onion and cook until translucent, about 4 to 5 minutes. Add the garlic, ginger, and rest of the vegetables and cook an additional 2 or 3 minutes, until the vegetables are heated through and the colors turn bright. Add the cumin, curry spice, and hot pepper, if using. Stir in the yogurt right before serving.
Stealthy Cooking Tip: Add zip to vegetables with a new spice twist. Use whichever vegetables are your favorites in this recipe. It could be cauliflower, broccoli, asparagus, potatoes, sweet potatoes - just choose veggies that add up to about 2-1/2 cups. Then, enjoy!


Of course charm necklace silver rings for women, the tribe reveres other totems as well, from Owl and Panther to the Muses and Medusae.Tribalists who share similar beliefs gather in camps called kuklos or "circles." Black Furies who have allied themselves with other werewolves from other tribes may still act on behalf of a kuklos periodically, often recruiting members from their pack to help them out. Each circle acts with a high degree of autonomy asymmetrical gold earrings, although all must eventually report to the Inner and Outer Calyxes, the high councils of the tribe. The elders of the Outer Calyx are well known, as they are chosen with a great deal of pomp and ceremony.
wholesale jewelry Liberty Clinic opened in February and is being run as a non profit caregiver collective network, which enrolls both registered patients and caregivers as members. As of June, the clinic had 1,200 members and more than 100 caregivers. In August, the City Council approved a four month moratorium on new medical marijuana dispensaries to come up with zoning regulations for them wholesale jewelry.


There are preventative measures that can be implemented in your daily life to ensure healthy bones and joints.
Learn about medical terms that applying on orthopaedic diagnosis, treatments and surgeries.
Watch professional orthopaedic healthcare videoclips or listen to medic radio streaming online.
Dr Siow Hua Ming is an orthopaedic surgeon with about 12 years of experience in the field. At his Mount Elizabeth Novena clinic, he provides specialised and holistic care in sports, adult and paediatric orthopaedics.
Dr Siow specialises in advanced arthroscopic key-hole surgeries for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip , knee and ankle. He also specialises in paediatric orthopaedics. He is a member of the Singapore Orthopaedic Association and the Singapore Medical Association. He is currently a life member of the Asia Pacific Orthopaedic Association. He is also a member of the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS) as well as the European Society of Sports Traumatology Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA).
Providence Orthopaedics offer consultation, inpatient management and outpatient treatment for patients with disorders of the bone and joints.
Medical and surgical care of the shoulder, elbow, hands and wrist, hip, back, knee, and foot and ankle.
Address: #08-54 Mt. Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre, 38 Irrawaddy Road, Singapore 329563.


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Us Director Explains What Happens With the Tethered After Th...
Home / tv
Legends Of Tomorrow's Hawkman Officially Cast
By Lewis Ward 4 years ago
Falk Hentschel has been cast as The CW's Hawkman and is set to appear in The Flash and Arrow before the character takes flight in the upcoming spinoff, Legends of Tomorrow.
Going off the official character description, Falk will play "Carter Hall, the latest reincarnation of an Egyptian Prince who is fated to reincarnate throughout time along with his soulmate, Kendra Saunders (Ciara Renée). Like Kendra, Carter can access the powers of the Hawk God, Horus, transforming him into the winged warrior known as 'Hawkman.'"
This news is confirmation of the recent rumors regarding Hawkman's first appearance being on Arrow and The Flash. Having a character with such a long past on all three shows will give plenty of opportunities to explore his history and his relationship with Kendra Saunders. What's more, if viewers were not already convinced to watch the spinoff, Hawkman's appearances will hopefully bring their interest to the new series.
Hentschel will be starring alongside regulars of both The Flash and Arrow, such as Wentworth Miller as Leonard Snart aka Captain Cold, Dominic Purcell as Mick Rory aka Heat Wave, Victor Garber as Professor Martin Stein, Caity Lotz in a new-but-similar role as the White Canary, Brandon Routh as the Atom, Renée as Hawkgirl and Arthur Darvill as time-traveler Rip Hunter. Stephen Amell and Grant Gustin will also be making appearances as the emerald archer and the scarlet speedster.
Tell us, what do you think of this news? Was Carter Hall the incarnation of Hawkman that you wanted to see in Legends of Tomorrow? Let us know in the comments section below.
Source: Comic Book Resources
Tags: Legends of Tomorrow
Us Director Explains What Happens With the Tethered After The Ending


Using her clinical experience, psychiatrist Robin Berman shows parents how they can take charge while building a loving family with deep connections. How children learn love and respect at home becomes the template for how they show love and respect in life. It's a huge task, but Dr. Berman is your ally every step of the way.
Every parent's struggles are reflected (many of them comically), but so are heartwarming triumphs. Parents, teachers and children themselves recount turning points at which they figured out what great parenting looked like and the magic it unlocked.
This engaging book--a perfect mix of medical research and inspirational anecdotes--just might be the key to being the parent you want to be and the parent your children need.
Parental anxiety is at an all-time high, and with parenting styles swinging from attachment parenting to that of "Tiger Moms," Robin Berman, MD, inspires mothers and fathers to find a graceful place in the middle.
Children used to be seen and not heard, but now they are at the center of their parents' universe. Parents today seem skittish about asserting their authority. They indulge in their children's demands and tantrums, and enter into endless negotiations, all for fear of hurting their children's feelings. Sadly, this indulgence is creating a generation of psychologically fragile individuals, and it undermines the very self-esteem it seeks to build. In between these parenting extremes lies a better way to raise thriving, well-adjusted children.
Parents need to know that it is not only OK but essential to be in charge. Children with too much power often become anxious, and not allowing children to work through negative emotions leads to a lack of resilience later in their lives.
Permission to Parent teaches parents to be comfortable setting boundaries while maintaining a loving connection, fostering self-esteem, respect, and emotional maturity. Children need limits more than they need indulgences, time more than schedules, and love more than stuff.
Robin Berman, MD, provides the tools for great parenting by drawing from her extensive clinical experience and wisdom collected from seasoned therapists, revered teachers, and role-model parents. Permission to Parent strikes the perfect balance of advice, anecdote, and research to be an essential parenting guide.


Uttar Pradesh Home Guard much awaited recruitment in India's largest state. Approx 20 Crore people lives in seventy five districts of UP state. Police Department of Uttar Pradesh is largest single police force.
Home Guard work as auxiliary to police department. UP Home Guard Duty List 2019 will release after final selection of candidates.
Duty list chart for February month will be released very soon. Uttar Pradesh Home Guard Duty List April 2019 will available soon.
According to उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य सरकार 19000 posts to be filled as per recruitment process. 10th passed candidates able to apply for upcoming recruitment. According to uphaar.up.nic.in or news portal Home Guard recruitment process will start soon.
UP Home Guard 2019 Duty List district wise. UP Home Guard Duty chart January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
Home Guard Deployment or तैनाती details for January 2019 is available at official link. UP Home Guard March Duty List 2019 check district wise.
Check UP Home Guard March Duty List 2019 Kanpur Nagar, Kanshiram Nagar (Kasganj), Kaushambi, Siddharth Nagar, Kushinagar, Muzaffarnagar, Farrukhabad, Fatehpur, Bulandshahr, Chandauli, Deoria, Shravasti, Sitapur and Mirzapur, Kheri, Lalitpur, Unnao, Maharajganj, Mahoba, Mainpuri, Mathura, Mau, Moradabad, Pratapgarh, Hardoi.
Uttar Pradesh Home Guard March Duty Chart 2019 – Hamirpur, Hapur (Panchsheel Nagar), Jaunpur, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Jhansi, Kannauj, Firozabad, Ghaziabad, Ghazipur, Gonda, Gorakhpur, Pilibhit, Hamirpur, Hapur (Panchsheel Nagar), Jaunpur, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Jhansi, Kannauj, Auraiya.
UP HG New Duty Chart 2019 Amethi, Allahabad, Agra, Varanasi, Aligarh, Lucknow, Meerut, Ambedkar Nagar, Amroha, Azamgarh, Baghpat, Bahraich, Sant Kabir Nagar, Basti, Chitrakoot, Ballia, Banda.
Home Guard provide safety and security in government institutions, metro stations and crowded place. Therefore department manage and regulate duty of home guards. गृह रक्षक सरकारी संस्थानों, मेट्रो स्टेशनों और भीड़ वाले स्थान में सुरक्षा और सुरक्षा प्रदान करता है। इसलिए विभाग घर के गार्ड का प्रबंधन और तैनाती। सभी जिलों के लिए समय पर कर्तव्य सूची समय भी जारी करें.
Firstly click on link to download UP Home Guard Latest Duty List 2019 Complete list will available district wise.
Then check name list and duty for upcoming March April month.
At last all inform that save uphomeguard.in to check duty list and upcoming home guard recruitment. State Government plan to recruitment candidates for 19000 new home guard posts.
Get recruitment detail, notification, online form and other adequate news in single click. Use comment box for queries and all kind of questions.


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Rep. Heather Sirocki Nominated For Prestigious Award For Her Work On FGM Prohibition
Posted on October 29, 2018 By mehousegop
Rep. Heather Sirocki of Scarborough finished tied for second for the prestigious Global Woman Award in the Political Category awarded by the Global Woman P.E.A.C.E. Foundation for her tireless work to outlaw the barbaric practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Maine.
Female Genital Mutilation, often referred to as FGM, is a destructive and horrific practice, during which the female genitals are partly or entirely removed or injured with the aim of inhibiting a woman's sexual feelings. Most often the mutilation is performed before puberty, often on girls between the age of four and eight, but recently it is increasingly performed on babies who are only a couple of days, weeks or months old.
Rep. Sirocki has been working on this issue in the Maine Legislature for the past two years, just missing passing the landmark legislation during this past session when House Democrats banded together to kill the bill.
Rep. Sirocki says she was surprised to hear the news she was nominated for a Global Woman Award award.
"Not to be overly dramatic, I admittedly almost dropped my phone when I learned of this nomination for the Global Woman Award. I am deeply touched by the nomination."
Sirocki was nominated for the award by FGM survivor F.A. Cole who was victimized as an 11-year-old girl in Sierra Leone. The two of them have worked closely together to ban FGM in Maine. But their attempts to build bipartisan support for an issue that really should not have been partisan at all were thwarted at every turn. Their repeated attempts to convince House Democrats to support this bill to protect young girls continues to fall on deaf ears.
"I nominated Rep. Heather Sirocki for a Global Woman Award in the Political category because of the ground breaking work she has done bringing to light the practice of Female Genital Mutilation in Maine," Cole said. "Even though she is yet to succeed in having her bill passed — while also dealing with threats to her and her family — Rep. Sirocki refuses to give in because protecting little girls at risk of undergoing FGM has become the core of her existence."
Rep. Sirocki traveled to Washington D.C. for the award ceremony last Friday, October 26th and she also participated in the 5th annual Walk to End FGM on Monday, October 29th.
Despite outside hyper-partisan special interest groups failed attempts to label her and her work on this issue "racist" Sirocki continues to lead the fight to outlaw FGM in Maine, a fight she vows she will never give up on.
"My work to help eliminate and prohibit FGM in the state of Maine has been an emotional, frustrating and elusive passion of mine and many of my colleagues for two years," Rep. Sirocki said. "We will not give up this fight until we are successful. I believe that protecting little girls in Maine is everyone's responsibility but unfortunately, there are some people serving in the Maine Legislature who don't feel the same way."
← Representative Paula G. Sutton Receives Recognition from National Women's Organization
House Republicans Elect Leadership Team For 129th Legislature →


Advancements in expertise occur every now and then, due to the numerous gadgets that firms have now introduced. Nonetheless, news printed online was accessible to folks instantly as the software was updated very often which strengthened the dominance of online newspapers over regular print. Those cultural ideals which had been prevalent in the yester years are rendered somewhat irrelevant by the progression of science and expertise.\n\nLots of the newer stun gadgets in the marketplace also have added features that make them even more useful. But once the decision to buy the teenager a computer of his own is made then the family should ensure that the system integrates nicely with the family's current expertise.\n\nWith the day's whole news on a cell gadget, it will be easier for the folks to get updated with the proceedings of the most recent news coverage. By way of varied mediums, folks can get assistance and seek data freely. Videos have turn into in style on the Internet, so many news websites are starting to use video clips to enhance, and generally even exchange, written stories.\n\nBut one has to agree that the advancement of civilization effects adjustments to the culture.\The change in culture with associated advancement of civilization just isn't at all times in a constructive means as depicted above. Many news objects help us make our life more comfy- as we start using these technologies in our own purposes.\n\nAlthough the development of radio news applications was slowed somewhat by World Warfare I, it rapidly made up for lost time, and by the Thirties the newspapers had come to concern the competition. "Last December, 12 folks died in one of the coal mining company's tunnels." He explained that when coal miners are opening a tunnel, the gasoline comes out – generally explosively. \n\nWith the telephone, data could possibly be transferred instantly, and choices and progress could possibly be made much sooner primarily based on the data. Radio and TV made it attainable for folks to hear international news stories without much of a delay.\n\nNow there are someone's among us that have made successful change in life and themselves with the help of latest news, obtainable on the expertise blogs. Mergers and acquisitions by organizations corresponding to NASDAQ listed Cognizant with UBS India Service Centre put the world on notice that data expertise sources in India are desirable property to amass.


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NALSAR paves way for Naval officers to plan post service careers
Maritime legal education pathway to a successful professional second innings
By Prof. (Dr.) V Balakista Reddy
Hyderabad. 03 December 2022. A nation's economy largely depends on trade, and shipping is the main means of conducting international trade. India, a rising economic superpower, has a long history of marine trade and commerce. Even while contemporary Indian law is well regarded and respected in the common law community, India has not yet established itself as a world leader in marine law yet. However, there is a great deal of room for growth in this area, which may be achieved by receiving a solid university education in both public and private marine law, followed by professional legal training and experience.
Maritime legal education in India:
India wasn't known for its maritime law education earlier. In India, there are two options for completing a bachelor's degree in law: a three-year LL.B. programme or a five-year programme after completing the so-called "10 plus two" secondary education requirement. The following step could be a two-year law master's programme. A formal education in marine law does not exist. It is true that this field has received little attention in Indian higher education, whether it be in university legal departments, private law schools, or elsewhere.
An aspect of the law of the sea is claimed to be included in international law. Sadly, none of the Indian universities, even those located in states along the coast where there are important ports, provide a specialization in maritime law. Although various theories can be put out, it is not totally clear why maritime law education is at such a low level.
India's maritime governance, led by the Directorate General of Shipping, moves to establish a new monitoring mechanism for institutes to assure quality and uniformity, the country's maritime education and training sector is poised for a shakeup. The directorate will soon launch a programme known as the Comprehensive Inspection Programme (CIP), which aims to eliminate the regular inspections that maritime training institutions are required to go through, including academic council-scheduled inspections, quality-certification reviews, and rating agency evaluations. Because these entities lack knowledge in maritime education, these processes have not produced the anticipated effects.
Only a few universities offer courses on maritime law in India, JNU, NALSAR, NUJS are a amongst them to name a few. NALSAR offers M.A. and Advanced Diploma Programmes in Maritime law and Defence laws, which covers various aspects of Marine security, Maritime transportation, Shipping Economics, International relations, Coastal Security etc., which are beneficial not only to the students but also for the working and retired professionals as well.
About NALSAR's Initiative in Maritime Education:
NALSAR University of Law has been recognized by the Bar Council of India & University Grants Commission. It has been graded as Category-I University by the UGC under Categorization of Universities (only) for Grant of Graded Autonomy Regulations, 2018. NALSAR has been accredited by NAAC with 'A' grade ('A++' grade as per new grading system) with 3.60 CGPA out of 4.00 which is the highest score among all the National Law Schools and Law Colleges in the country.
As part of Academic Social Responsibility, NALSAR has always endeavoured to promote quality research in contemporary legal issues. One of the Contemporary by neglected areas in the legal realm are the laws relating to Marine and shipping Industry. The dependence on Maritime Industry for nation's economic and trade growth, Security aspects along the coast, Port infrastructure as part of nation's infrastructure development, Environment related concerns, Transition in technology used, Private participation etc., has enabled the need for special focus on the industry. The resulting convergence together with rapid privatisation had raised many legal issues, which require intense research. To fill these gaps and to promote education and research in the Maritime sector, NALSAR has established the advanced research Centre for Aerospace and Defence Laws (CADL). Keeping in view the requirement of legal resources and paralegals in the field, NALSAR, through CADL and Directorate of Distance Education, has introduced value-added courses to promote education and research with affordable costs.
The said courses include Two-years Masters Programme and One-year Advanced Diploma in Maritime Laws. Owing to the requirement of these courses to the working professionals and fresh graduates alike, these programmes are conducted as online-onsite format, wherein the candidate can attend Personal Contact Programmes either Online or in-person and exams are conducted in-person. To carter the need of the hour in the maritime industry, syllabus is designed in such a way that majority of the legal aspects like International Maritime Laws, Maritime Security and Safety, Shipping Contracts, Shipping Economics, Marine Insurance, Maritime Laws of India, Marine Environment, Maritime Crimes, Maritime Dispute Resolution are covered during the course of two-years.
To enhance the research capabilities in the candidates, project submissions are made mandatory as part of assessment. This unique blend of research based-class room teaching based study will enhance the over-all capabilities of the enrolled candidates. Further details are available at www.nalsarpro.org or can directly get in touch with the centre at [email protected]
Concluding Remarks:
A postgraduate degree in marine law specialisation is required to realise that potential. Given India's status as an emerging economic giant of the twenty-first century and the ability of its people to advance shipping interests, maritime law is a commodity that can no longer be packaged in a watertight container with a neutral label. However, without the deliberate backing of both the government and business, India's maritime law education cannot be improved. Naturally, the government departments and agencies involved in maritime issues must provide the impetus. The creation of strategic goals and the design of sound policies to achieve them would be among the responsibilities of the government and educational institutions alike.
There is tremendous possibility for growth in this area, which is achievable with a solid university education in both public and private maritime law and subsequent professional legal training and experience. Achieving the targeted goals and objectives obviously requires the assistance and participation of both the public and private sectors. Not only education but training programs should also be introduced for people who are interested in this field for achieving excellence in the field.
Prof. (Dr.) V. BALAKISTA REDDY
Professor of International Law & Registrar
Director, Centre for Aerospace and Defence Law (CADL),
Director, Centre for Tribal and Land Rights (CTLR)
NALSAR University of Law
Office: 040-23498404/ 405/104 Cell: 99486 60916
Published in Navy Day 2022 and Spotlight
Bar Council of India
Comprehensive Inspection Programme
maritime education
maritime law in India
NALSAR University
V. BALAKISTA REDDY
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