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Saturday-Sunday, 25-26 April: of Tea, Tarot and Tiredness
We're all on great form on Saturday morning. After a leisurely breakfast, Imogen and Rosa turn up to accompany Anna and Maddy to Arianna's party. Each of the little girls is in their Arna costume. Contrary to stereotype, they're delighted to be identically dressed, proclaiming they're twins. Rosa's missing her red cape and with the generosity she so often shows, Maddy offers to let her play-mate wear hers – at least until they get to the party! Their imagination fascinates me. Dressed up, these two really seem to become Arna; it's way beyond pretending.
Maddy (left) at the party, entranced by 'Elsa' (second left) – still without her cape!
I spend the rest of the morning after they've gone doing the blog, catching up with household chores and nibbling away at the dross. I also print the opening chapters of my novel to have a final read through before I send to Clare. Having printed them off, I begin to the process over a somewhat 'acid' lunch at Il Molino (here's hoping the rice will counter-balance the pasta.) I have my first-ever soya latte and it's not bad at all. It seems to bring out the roasted flavour of the coffee more than milk does. I'm also pleasantly surprised by Between Camps, which I haven't even looked at since the summer of 2013. The first few pages, at least, seem tightly-written still. But is it too much of a 'slow-burner'? I'm a sucker for the leisurely majesty of novelists like Thoman Mann and Rohinton Mistry. But even Mann would find it hard to get published today, in the era of the shallow and easy readerly satisfactions represented by the likes of Martin Amis or Hanif Kureishi – let alone the best-selling but instantly forgettable – and forgotten – 'literary' thrillers / crime fiction which pollute our bookshops (there are honourable and enviable exceptions, of course). Still, perhaps I'm being too pessimistic. Mistry and Hilary Mantel have made it – not that I'm so egotistical as to think I come anywhere near them in the scheme of things.
It seems strange, given what's happened to me, to be getting back into the world of Walter Bauer, my protagonist, and his traumatic experience of separation from his Jewish girl-friend when her family flees after the anschluss. Subsequently, an unwilling participant in the Occupation of France, Walter's 'liberated' from his duties when he's diagnosed with TB. He's eventually cured by a mad French doctor in the Vichy-zone Pyrenees (he doesn't want to go back to Austria for various reasons), where he's sent to complete his death sentence.
Now look at me! I have the same intermittent, irritating cough which first alerts Walter to his problem. I've been diagnosed with a comparably deadly disease in my lungs which I've also been told is incurable. Like Walter, the therapies which appear to be under offer to contain it seem deeply unpleasant (at least he never has to grow breasts!) Like Walter, I have to adjust my life radically while being radically uncertain about what's to come. Like Walter, I accept that the battle can only be won, if at all, by engaging mind and spirit as well as matter. Yet perhaps re-connecting with the novel's a good omen, after all. Walter does finally get cured in 1943, very shortly before the TB cure was accidentally discovered in the US (I researched and faithfully adapted the 'gifted amateur' process by which it was, simply shifting events to France; that's a quite amazing story in itself and someone should make a film about it!) So long as what befalls Walter afterwards doesn't happen to me!
After lunch it's to Anna's. She's expecting her father John, who's bringing 'meals on wheels' prepared by his Lebanese partner Ahmad, a fabulous exponent of the cuisine of the region – which just happens to be my favourite! Before he comes, I play with Maddy. I don't think I've ever heard her laugh so much ever before. It's a brilliant sign, give our recent worries about her. First of all, I pretend she's my mummy, mimicking many of the phrases she uses with Anna, and the physical gestures which accompany them. Despite pretending to be scandalised, Maddy can't stop giggling.
'Do it again, daddy, do it again,' she exhorts each time I stop.
Then it's what the two of us have christened 'chin-work,' which involves me tickling her under her chin, seemingly the most sensitive part of her body. Again, she can't get enough, even as she tries to press her chin down onto her chest so I can't get my fingers under. Finally, it's raspberries on her belly-button. I have to pull her hands away each time, trying to make each blast successively louder and longer. I only stop when she's getting too red in the face. I love this physical play with her, but I well remember how, at her age, I was sometimes tickled until I couldn't breathe and overpowering panic set in.
Tea with John, who's very affable, is enjoyable. I haven't seen Anna's dad since my diagnosis and he's very kind and concerned, though perhaps a bit surprised at how ebullient I am (my energy seems to swing wildly from day to day). I drop a chance remark about 'the big day' and, to my great surprise, Anna confesses she hasn't mentioned it yet.
'I'm so pleased you two are getting married,' John reassures her once the news sinks in.
'I'm really sorry I didn't ask you for her hand first, John,' I joke.
We laugh further over the idea of him becoming my 'father-in-law' and again when he asks what sort of party we're going to have later.
'We want a really big one, John,' I smile, 'maybe a couple of hundred people, somewhere really swanky, endless champagne.'
He looks a bit startled at this unexpected evidence of my extravagant streak. 'Yes, of course it has to be memorable,' he affirms uncertainly.
'I'm glad we're agreed.' I pause 'Because remember that the bride's father's supposed to pay for everything.'
We move onto other things. John's extremely well-informed, partly because he's had a number of different political affiliations in his life, from the anti-apartheid movement, to revolutionary socialist microgroups and, more recently, to Zionism (he was an adopted child who discovered his Jewish roots later in life. Thereby Anna is half-Jewish and Maddy a quarter-, in case some idiot thinks I'm even remotely anti-Semitic, simply because of my opposition to the way Israel has always treated the Palestinians). We (instinctively, tactfully?) don't really talk about Israel / Palestine but I know that he's done progressive work there, for example teaching in Beir Zeit University law-school (John's an academic lawyer); and he's strongly condemned the suppression of the Southampton conference. His position as a Zionist, albeit not of the fundamentalist neo- variety, thank goodness, has exposed him to vituperation from both sides of the conflict and their proxies. Though I don't really agree with much of what I've read of his analysis of the issues, I respect him as someone inhabiting a more difficult 'in-between' position than those of us who clearly privilege one narrative over the other.
And he's a warm and gentle man, full of insights into all manner of things, from the surge in Ed Miliband's electoral standing (John was against him becoming leader) to the establishment cover-up of child-abuse, another of my current bug-bears. Just this last week a group of seven 'ordinary' paedophiles were disgraced in public and received long, long sentences. They'd even been investing for the future by befriending pregnant women to gain their trust for later. Yet like the M.P., Cyril Smith before him (long dead now), Lord Janner, against whom very serious accusations are currently being made, will apparently not be prosecuted. The Crown (or should that, following the recent Elvedon fiasco, be Clown) Prosecution Service believes it wouldn't be 'in the public interest' because Janner has been diagnosed (by whom, I ask myself?) with dementia.[1]
'Father-in-law' John
The police are so outraged, they're apparently pondering legal action against the CPS. As that alone suggests, surely it's in the public interest to rehearse the case, even if the man can't be sentenced – or exonerated – not least because it might give satisfaction to his many alleged victims – or disprove their allegations. It might also provide explanations for why, as The Guardian also alleges in a related story, Janner was protected from investigation years ago, when the police were onto him and he was in full possession of his powers. Why hasn't The Sun been after him? After all, it's always encouraged all sorts of surveillance and vigilante initiatives against 'ordinary' paedophiles in the past. Yes, I wonder why not… Who's been protecting Janner, if that's what's happened – why? Surely it's in the public interest, if not the Establishment's, to know?
Sorry to bang on about this – but anyone with a three-year-old child will understand my concerns. This is not to say that I think paedophiles are 'monsters' in the way they're usually depicted in the media. I think they are 'simply' very sick people psychologically and much more proper psycho-medical research needs to be done into the problem and its remedies. Not least, because if more was known about it, psychological profiling could keep at least some of them out of the positions of trust they then so grievously abuse. Child abuse, as I've said in a previous post, is an appalling problem in our country. John wonders whether it doesn't seem worse in the UK than elsewhere because we're ahead of the game in terms of public debate and investigations – and the same litany of horrors may well come out in other places. But the best marker that we mean to deal with it seriously once and for all, in my opinion, would be to thoroughly and publicly investigate figures like Janner who many regard as untouchable because of their Establishment connections.
From Anna's, I head home and start re-reading Ghassan Kanafani's Return to Haifa, a searing account of the consequences for ordinary Palestinians of the mass ethnic cleansings of 1948 – just in case Robert Young goes along with my proposals about how to rejig my Introduction for his journal. I love Kanafani, one of the founders of modern Palestinian literature, who was blown up in a car-bomb in Beirut in 1972, an act of terror very widely ascribed to Israeli secret 'security' services. Much though I enjoy him, however, I'm relieved that it isn't the novel I misremembered it as, but a shortish novella which won't take long to read. I think it'll work very well for my purposes.
Soon it's time to head off to meet my friend and comrade Naomi Foyle, another hugely talented writer and committed activist whom I first met during my Information Tribunal action against Michael Gove. I was put in touch with her by someone because she was working on parallel lines to me, pressing the Department for Education about their gross hypocrisy in allowing London school-children to be exposed to Zionist propagandists like the Israeli Amabassador but imposing all sorts of impossible conditions relating to 'balance' in relation to their participation in (entirely non-Palestine related) writing work-shops – simply because these were hosted by the Haringey Palestine Literature Festival. She became one of my witnesses at the 'trial,' her evidence of bias proving completely unanswerable for the hapless DfE representative and we've been firm friends since.
Naomi: what a healing smile!
At about the same time, she published what proved to be the most enjoyable novel I read in 2013, Seoul Survivors. It's a beautifully-written, zippily expressed, fast-paced. It offers a glimpse into a future world with a substantial resemblance to contemporary South Korea, a place so alien to the average westerner that it functions superbly as both a 'real' and futuristic setting. If you want a lot of laughs and some superbly-crafted characters, including some truly loathsome but compelling villains, add it to your list and enjoy! And look out for what she's written since, particularly if you like avant-garde S.F. – not to mention her poetry.
Naomi's up in London from Brighton, where she lives, for the History Matters conference, investigating the lack of history students and teachers of African and Caribbean heritage in the UK.. The first thing I notice when we meet in Whole Foods is the quality of her hug. Somehow she seems to envelop me top to toe, and transfer lots of positive energy. Not the hasty gesture I'm generally used to with British friends. We chat about things until she suddenly breaks off and tells me she's persuaded her ex-agent to agree to read some of my novel. Heavens! Like buses, you wait forever for one, then they come in bunches! Anyway, I'm very grateful. The one unwritten rule I've learned since trying to be a writer is that you don't ask anyone to introduce you to their agent. You have to find your own, you own way. We decide I'll wait until I hear back from Clare Conville before going down that route.
After more chat, I remind Naomi that she's agreed to do a brief Tarot reading for me. It's one of her many talents and she supplements her living (she's a .25 Tutor in Creative Writing at Chichester University) doing it in Brighton when funds are short. Knowing nothing about Tarot, but intrigued, and trusting in Naomi's expertise, I'd been hoping to find out not about the future, but about the past viz. when this wretched cancer started. As she gets out her Crowley deck, unwrapping it carefully from a fine-looking brocade cloth, she says that isn't possible. It's best used for general questions one might have about one's life.
'I'd like to know more about what I need to successfully manage the situation I'm in.'
She directs me to shuffle the cards, before I 'randomly' select three, turning them over for Naomi to see. First, up, the 9 of Wands, also called 'Strength' on the Crowley deck; next, the 4 of Swords, or 'Truce'; finally, the 7 of Wands, 'Valour.'
'What do they mean?' I ask.
Naomi considers a moment. 'Well, you haven't drawn any of the Major Arcana – the cards with Roman numeral – you might have seen them? So although you're going through a great change, this spread isn't proposing any great change is needed in the way you're dealing with this turn of events. More some shifts of emphasis.'
'Tell me more.'
'Look at "Valour." It suggests there's perhaps too much Mars going on – male aggressiveness – or anger. And the Leo symbol in the bottom right-hand corner suggests too much Ego. That doesn't mean stopping the blog. Maybe it's a warning about trying too much to be in control of events.'
'OK.' Interestingly this latter advice echoes Gabi's yesterday.
'"Truce" suggests, as you might infer, that you need to strike a better balance between the various aspects of how you're dealing with this, though the balance in the number of swords also suggests you're making a fairly good fist already. It also signifies "convalescence."'
Extraordinary coincidence? or something else?
'In that sense, you perhaps need to address what's over-active in the Mars department, and get yourself in the right, peaceful, frame of mind for what's coming.'
'And "Strength"?'
'Lots of wands is a positive signal. They're already strong, but keep nourishing your networks of solidarity and community.'
We each take sip of our drinks.
'According to Louise Hay [a very well-known 'alternative' healer, at least one of whose books I read years ago] kidney stones are associated with Mars, and therefore aggression and anger.'
I'm taken aback. Even if I have kidney cancer, rather than kidney stones (though that was the first diagnosis) and don't think of myself as a particularly angry person, it makes me wonder, however, if there's any guilt by association. Perhaps I'm too quick to take offence sometimes (for example, at my 'friend's' comment yesterday) and can be stubborn in not sorting out misunderstandings (for example, as suggested in an earlier post, with my brother Lindsay.) At work, I've certainly had a (very) strong sense of grievance on occasion; this (partly) prompted my decision to go half-time in 2008 and (largely) to take early retirement this year. I very, very, very rarely blow my top (honestly can't remember the last time – perhaps at school?) Instead, however, when it comes my anger takes two forms. The first icy and vengeful and unforgiving. The second obliterates the object of my anger out of existence. The people concerned simply cease to exist for me. There, I've said it! (I told you this blog would be warts and all.) And as I do so, I can see neither way is a healthy one for expressing an emotion we've all been given for some obscure purpose. In fact, they sound a little too Mossad-like…
So perhaps anger has been a problem for me, even though I don't feel it's in any way 'caused' or even contributed to my disease (but is this simple denial?). Indeed, I think I've always been able to express my views and emotions pretty clearly, including to those in authority over me, whether self-important line-managers, bureaucrats, politicians etc., often rather too forthrightly for their taste. At another level, beyond my little universe, injustice has also always made me angry, whether it's the class-ridden nature of British society, tax-dodgers, the poisonous influence of lobbies, Big Business, racism, our super-vile and corrupt Establishment; or, further afield, ongoing neo-colonialism and the appalling way the Palestinians have been treated. Again, I've usually tried to do my mite (not nearly enough and what I've done has, frankly, always been from a position of relative privilege) to address these issues when opportunity arises. Isn't that kind of anger energising and mobilising – and, above all, necessary – for initiating the myriad tiny steps we can all make to change the world a tiny bit for the better?
I need to think about this issue more. Still, as Naomi reminds me, the cards aren't there to give answers or solutions, but to make one reflect on matters pertinent to the question I asked at the time the cards are dealt – not for all time.
'So no more anti-neo-Zio for the moment?'
She's as committed as I am to the cause, so I know she's thinking of what's in my best interest when she nods.
'Not for the moment.'
That was Haim's advice, too. Leave it to others for now. Same with Establishment cover-ups of child-abuse. I feel a little guilty. But perhaps I'll be much more effective in the end if I let myself heal properly over the next few months.
On my way to Anna's, I think about Ego. Perhaps my meeting with Naomi has exactly illustrated this problem. It was mainly about me. After a few preliminary questions asking how she was, I banged on about matters Naomi's already well aware of from reading the blog. Only towards the end, after the Tarot reading, as the impatient workers were stacking chairs and mopping the floor around us, did I press her about what's going on in her own life – love, work, accommodation and career, all of which, I know, have been giving her cause for concern. There wasn't time to talk everything through properly, partly because by then I was also beginning to 'fade' rapidly, as is my wont around 8 in the evening. Nonetheless, I recognise with a stab of shame, perhaps I could have made more effort to conquer my tiredness. I feel I've let my generous friend down, taken too much and given too little. My only consolation is that (I think) I'm open to (self-)criticism and a quick learner. Time will tell.
It's nice to relax at Anna's, just the two of us. Maddy's having a sleepover at Caroline's where Gemma, Georgia-May and Tara are entertaining her. It's been a very full day emotionally. Whatever upheaval all this commotion has caused, I nonetheless feel I'm learning some useful stuff about myself which is going to serve me well in the future.
Not too much to report about Sunday. It's a horrid cold day, for a change, and I take advantage of a gathering of the wider clan in Balham to sneak away and get on with stuff. It takes me quite a while to write up the account of Saturday because I'm still working through some of the issues. But I have a renewed sense of how useful, the exercise of writing is for me, even if I'm boring others senseless! Through it, I really pin down my concerns and emotions, making them (I hope) easier to work thorough.
Afterwards, I read the rest of the opening of the novel which I'm going to send to Clare. That, too, reads much better than I remember. There's very little to do beyond changing a word here, ironing out a clumsy phrasing there. Then I gingerly try some Pilates exercises. I'm getting stiffer and stiffer by the day and really have to do something about it. Sitting at my desk so much isn't helping. At Google, or Apple, they now all work at their stations standing up, their mantra being 'sitting is the new smoking.' Perhaps they're responding to the extraordinary research which investigated why bus conductors live on average five years longer than their drivers. But I'm not able to do much stretching before I get very tired.
I head to Anna's in time for tea. Maddy's had a great time in Balham, spoiled by her adoring extended family. Anna's well, though just as tired as I am by her exertions. At about eight, I start to feel bad, really bad this time. I'm utterly drained of energy and have to sit there, head in hands, to recuperate long enough to get into the bath which Anna runs for me as soon as Maddy's in bed. Was it the Pilates, little though I did? The emotion of working through some of the Tarot pointers? Since I've fallen ill, the bath is where I feel physically at my best. It's the closest I can get to the thermal baths which Walter Bauer enjoys during his own illness! I do some pranayama breathing and some visualisation exercises. I revive long enough to fall into bed, cuddling Piglet, whom Maddy's so thoughtfully installed for me. As I smell her gratefully on my companion, I realise that I'm not yet anywhere near the point Gerard Manley Hopkins got to in Carrion Comfort; and I draw on his resolute defiance:
'Not, I'll not, carrion comfort, Despair, not feast on thee;
Not untwist – slack they may be – these last strands of man
In me or, most weary, cry I can no more. I can;
Can something, hope…'
[1] http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/apr/17/lord-janner-child-abuse-allegations-were-not-passed-to-me-former-dpp-says
Posted on April 27, 2015 April 27, 2015 Author abumaddy
One thought on "Saturday-Sunday, 25-26 April: of Tea, Tarot and Tiredness"
redlorry1979 says:
Never knew you were a Thomas Mann fan too… VERY excited about potential publication of Between Camps 🙂
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If you're planning a night out on the town this Saturday, you might have to adjust some of your travel plans if you're using the Green Line.
The Navy Yard Metrorail Station on the Green Line will close at 10 p.m. on Saturday, five hours earlier than usual, so the FBI can conduct a security drill with Metro Transit police and other law enforcement agencies.
The station will reopen at 7 a.m. Sunday.
Even though there will be a large number of emergency vehicles and law enforcement near the station, the public is guaranteed that this is only a drill.
The Green Line service will continue to operate normally through the Navy Yard Station at all times, and regular rail service shouldn't be affected. After 10 p.m. on Saturday, there will be a free shuttle bus between Navy Yard and Waterfront stations. Those using the buses should add 15 minutes to their travel time.


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The Value of High School Cosmetology Programs: Career-ready, debt-free right out of school
by Gordon Logan | Oct 2, 2018 | Uncategorized | 0 comments
High school cosmetology programs equip young people to start well-paying, professional careers debt-free, right after graduation. These jobs can be a full-time, long-term career or a flexible option if graduates intend to practice cosmetology part-time to help pay for college or when caring for children or family.
Recently, these high school training programs were considered for closure by the Texas Education Association (TEA) when it relied on governmental wage and earnings reports for cosmetology graduates that indicated the profession falls short of state and federal career technical education (CTE) target salaries. There are three primary concerns around the government earnings data: First, many cosmetologists work part-time by choice, so their annual reported wages are lower than for more traditional full-time occupations. Second, there is a great deal of unreported income in the industry, due in large part to salon suites rental operations where stylists are self-employed and may or may not report income from services or tips, unlike legitimate salons which report earnings to the IRS. Even some salons do not report tips, especially if they are not put on credit cards. Third, when stylists move into positions other than behind-the-chair, such as education, management or ownership, due to their new job description their incomes may not be included in cosmetology wage reporting even though it was their cosmetology license that made such promotions possible.
I've been operating salons in Texas (and other states) for almost forty years after service in the military and careers in engineering, accounting and consulting. My wife is a stylist, and in 1993 we started the Sport Clips Haircuts franchise which now has almost 1,800 locations in all fifty states and in several provinces in Canada. Sport Clips operates 244 salons in Texas (some we own, some are franchised), and over 300 stylists who are employed in those locations were licensed through high school programs. Their average age is 25 (which shows that many make this a long-term career) and, based on a 40-hour work week schedule, their annual compensation is over $45,000…more than double the $21,507 the government data reports. Ten of the 300 are store managers who earn an average of almost $70,000.
Had these professionals not been able to access one of the 175 high school cosmetology programs offered in Texas, they would have had to attend a private school for 15 months or longer (high school programs only require 1,000 hours of cosmetology education; after graduation, those who attend private beauty schools must attend for 1,500 hours – go figure!), pay tuition that runs as much as $18,500 (which is often funded by Pell Grants and Title IV student loans), and be out-of-pocket for their living expenses during this time. Instead, they entered their career debt-free and became self-supporting, tax-paying citizens immediately after high school. And, data shows that students enrolled in high school cosmetology programs are significantly more likely to finish high school than their peers.
Many Sport Clips stylists and managers praise the opportunity afforded them through their high school cosmetology programs. In one graduate's words," Coming from a low-income family, being able to walk out of high school with a diploma and technical training that allowed me to make a reasonable wage was a huge relief. This education opened up doors and opportunities that would otherwise not have existed for me without some sort of strain or burden on my family or self."
I applaud the support for cosmetology education by Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick and appreciate the Texas Education Association's recently announced decision to retain cosmetology programs in Texas high schools. It would be a great disservice to the thousands of Texas high school students enrolled in these programs to eliminate this opportunity for them to start an honorable profession, at a very young age, without student debt. As another high school program graduate said, "I'm only 19 and a self-sufficient adult. I have no student loans, and I'm able to support myself. I was able to buy my own first car, pay rent and bills. I was never one for school, so who knows what path I would be taking. I'm glad I was able to be licensed in high school and not later."
By Gordon B. Logan, founder and CEO, Sport Clips Haircuts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Latest North Dakota state government News
Burgum postpones State of State speech because of laryngitis
BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum has postponed his State of the State address due to laryngitis, officials said Monday. The speech was scheduled for Wednesday in Fargo. The governor's office said in a release that Burgum is "currently having challenges with his...
North Dakota beekeeping supply to serve top US honey states
BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — A commercial beekeeping supply business has opened in far southwestern North Dakota that will serve people in three of the top five honey producing states in the country. State Department of Commerce officials say Commercial Bee Supply in Hettinger is meant...
Univ. of North Dakota leader defends gender inclusion plan
BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — The president of the University of North Dakota on Friday defended a proposal that would allow students to use restrooms and locker rooms consistent with their gender identity, saying the intent is to align the Grand Forks-based school with existing laws and to better...
North Dakota police confiscate then return reporter's phone
FARGO, N.D. (AP) — A North Dakota police investigator violated state law by confiscating a local radio journalist's cellphone without a valid warrant and has been forced to return the device, the state's attorney general said Wednesday. Tom Simon, 62, who works for Williston...
North Dakota officials forced to cut back on COVID case work
BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — North Dakota health officials said Monday that the recent surge in COVID-19 cases is forcing them to cut back on investigations and they are encouraging people who test positive to isolate on their own. The state Department of Health said it will continue to...
North Dakota Supreme Court overturns child abuse conviction
MINOT, N.D. (AP) — The North Dakota Supreme Court has ruled that a Minot man should not have been convicted of child abuse for allegedly assaulting a woman in front of a young girl. Brent Castleman, 54, was found guilty last year of a Class B felony after the jury watched a...
Falsehoods following Capitol riot final straw for ND senator
BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — The Jan. 6 insurrection wasn't the reason North Dakota Democratic Sen. Erin Oban won't run for reelection next year. It's the increased divisiveness in politics that has followed, she said. "It wasn't the insurrectionists storming the U.S. Capitol...
Supreme Court denies appeal of kidnapping, slaying convict
BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — The North Dakota Supreme Court has denied the appeal of a man serving life in prison for kidnapping and killing another man in Burleigh County in 2012. John Clark Bridges argued in his appeal that mental illness prevented him from understanding the charges...
Drew Wrigley announces bid for North Dakota attorney general
BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — Former U.S. attorney and lieutenant governor Drew Wrigley announced Thursday he will run for North Dakota attorney general. The Republican aims to fill the seat held by Wayne Stenehjem, who announced this month that he won't seek reelection next year. ...
North Dakota gives out $8.4M in state worker bonuses in 2021
BISMARCK, N.D. (AP) — North Dakota spent $8.4 million this year on bonuses for some state workers, a record sum that was more than double paid out in 2020. A little more than a third of the nearly 9,300 state employees received the bonuses, including several from Republican Gov....
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About her Oeuvre
Piano – 2 Hands
Soli, Choir and Piano
Soli, Choir and Orchestra
Literature List (Selection)
Fanny Hensel née Mendelssohn
"Ohne Zweifel ist Fanny Hensel die bedeutendste Komponistin des 19. Jahrhunderts gewesen." (MGG, Bd. 16)
"Without a doubt, Fanny Hensel was the most important composer of the 19th century."
born 14.11.1805 in Hamburg
died 14.5.1847 in Berlin
Fanny Hensel grew up in a well-to-do and educated Berlin family. Early on, the banker Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy and his wife Lea also recognized Fanny's exceptional musical talent, so that Fanny, like her brother Felix, was taught by the best teachers available. For training in music theory and composition, Abraham Mendelssohn engaged Carl Friedrich Zelter, the director of the Berlin Singakademie and a friend of Goethe. Soon Fanny was known among the Mendelssohns' circle of friends and acquaintances not only as an outstanding pianist, but also as a composer of songs and piano pieces. In his obituary, published shortly after Fanny's sudden death, the Berlin music critic Ludwig Rellstab wrote that she had shared with her famous brother "also the sisterhood of talent" and had "attained in music a degree of training of which not many artists, for whom art is the exclusive occupation of life, may boast."
Already at the age of 14, Fanny was directed by her father to her future role as wife and mother, and so her activities were limited to the domestic sphere. She composed mostly piano pieces and songs that could be performed in domestic concerts. In 1827 and 1830, she took the opportunity to publish five songs and a duet with piano accompaniment under Felix Mendelssohn's name in his songbooks op. 8 and op. 9.
At the "Sonntagsmusiken" organized by her father at Mendelssohn's home with musicians from the court orchestra, not only Felix but also Fanny was given the opportunity to try out her own works in a semi-public setting before a select audience. Fanny, who had married Wilhelm Hensel in October 1829, resumed these concerts in the spring of 1831. She conducted and accompanied her choir of about 20 voices and, together with musician friends, performed oratorios, opera arias and chamber music at a high level. There she also found an auditorium for her own works. In addition to friends and acquaintances, famous personalities such as the Humboldt brothers, Franz Liszt, Clara Schumann, Johanna Kinkel, Heinrich Heine and others met for the "Sunday Music" concerts. These concerts, with which Fanny Hensel, according to Rellstab, earned herself "a merit for the artistic conditions of our father city, for which we remain deeply indebted", compensated her for many restrictions. The direction of these concerts also had a positive effect on her work as a composer. In 1831 she composed larger works for soloists, choir and orchestra, such as the cantatas Job and Lobgesang and the oratorio based on images from the Bible.
Berlin "Unter den Linden" um 1800
During a year-long trip to Italy in 1839/40 by the Hensel family, Fanny finally found the recognition she had longed for beyond the family circle and met various musicians who appreciated her works and encouraged her creativity.
Back in Berlin, Fanny composed her most significant piano work, the biographical cycle Das Jahr (1841). The idea of musically representing the 12 months of a year was unique during her lifetime.
Only in the last year of her life did Fanny find the courage to begin systematically printing her compositions, even against her brother's express wishes. From 1846 on, songs for one voice with piano, choral songs a cappella and piano pieces appeared as op. 1 to 7.
However, she did not publish any more of her own compositions: On May 14, 1847, Fanny Hensel unexpectedly succumbed to a cerebral stroke during the rehearsal of one of her Sunday music pieces.


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Drepanocentron haryachwa är en nattsländeart som beskrevs av Schmid 1982. Drepanocentron haryachwa ingår i släktet Drepanocentron och familjen Xiphocentronidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Construction Today staff
Barton Malow – BayCare HealthHub at Bloomingdale
Barton Malow leverages technology in the construction industry to deliver innovative building solutions for its clients.
As a leader in the evolution of better health facilities, Barton Malow is overseeing the construction of BayCare Health System's HealthHub at Bloomingdale in Valrico, Fla. The company prides itself on providing services that encompass the entire design/build process while maintaining its roots in constructing strong, quality buildings.
BayCare HealthHub at Bloomingdale will be a 115,000-square-foot, two-story wellness center that sits on a 21-acre campus. The wellness destination is designed to fit residents' lifestyle and needs by integrating traditional healthcare services such as primary care, pediatrics, rehabilitation, imaging and laboratories with fitness classes, nutrition education and like-minded retailers to promote healthy living, BayCare says.
"With BayCare HealthHub at Bloomingdale, we're creating a new model for healthcare," Senior Vice President for Ambulatory Services at BayCare Health System Jim Cote says. "This facility will be a one-stop destination – incorporating technology and convenience to not just treat symptoms, but also to help keep families healthier."
BayCare, a not-for-profit healthcare system based in Clearwater, Fla., provides a wide range of services at 14 hospitals and hundreds of other locations throughout the Tampa Bay and central Florida regions. BayCare HealthHub boasts a no waiting room concept of a doctor's office by incorporating technology in new ways to make its patients' lives easier. The goal is to experience a streamlined visit from the moment they walk through the door.
Construction began on the $53 million facility in November 2017 and is expected to be completed early next year.
Client Loyalty
For 94 years, Barton Malow has been driven to pioneer its services to provide its clients with high-performance results. "Barton Marlow has a long history of innovating construction practices, including our leadership in the 1970s to introduce construction management services at-large across the industry," the company says.
One of Barton Malow's strengths lies in its ability to provide in-house comprehensive preconstruction services and present its clients benchmarking and historical cost data for facilities of similar scope. "With decision-making support from Barton Malow, healthcare professionals can make optimal choices earlier in the design and building process," the company says. "The wealth of a company is in its ability to deliver value."
For more than 40 years, Barton Malow has been providing preconstruction and construction services to the healthcare, education, sports and industrial clients in Florida. "We built relationships and have gained an intimate knowledge of the local construction market," the company says. "This sharp industry focus, coupled with our national experience, provides our clients with the assurance their project goals will be met."
Barton Malow and BayCare have a long-standing relationship as the company oversaw the completion of its 112-bed hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital South, in 2015. By using a modified integrated project delivery approach, the team was able to provide seamless, efficient design services, eliminate waste and streamline communication.
BIM technology was used during both the design and construction phases, which allowed subcontractors and the design team to review, monitor and coordinate clash detections. It was also used throughout the project to keep construction documents up-to-date with the latest changes, RFIs and construction bulletins.
"Both Barton Malow and its major subcontractors all utilized tablets that were uploaded with the latest drawing and project information so they always had access to the most current project information at the touch of a button," the company says. "BIM stations were set up inside the building that were available for anyone to use in place of the usual outdated and torn printed blueprints."
Long-Term Vision
Barton Malow's long-term goal is to build innovative and trust-based solutions to double efficiency by its 100th anniversary in 2024. Its three distinct strategies designed to drive toward its 2024 vision are to optimize performance, adjacent opportunities and pursue business transformation.
As the company looks to continuously optimize performance, most of its innovation will impact the core business. "The majority of the benefits come from small improvements to what we do every day," the company says. "The most powerful forces behind a solid core business are teamwork and continuous improvement. By improving our existing strengths as a company, we encourage a culture of continuous improvement."
Adjacent opportunities will arise through businesses that touch its core business. The company hopes to find new ways to capitalize on its building experience by selling new products or services on the open market.
Barton Malow continuously looks for ways to transform its business. "Construction projects are infamous for being over budget, behind schedule and dangerous," the company says. "We are actively seeking ways to fundamentally change our approach to building through the use of technology, and especially, new business models.
"Barton Malow has been moving forward preparing for the future, finding the most effective and efficient ways to serve our clients' growing needs. Using the best means and methods, and based on our successful experiences in today's market, we aim to help those clients achieve their goals and vision for the future."


May the best triple-option team win.
After a first-round bye, Kennesaw State will host Wofford in the second round of the FCS playoffs at 2 p.m. Saturday at Fifth Third Bank Stadium.
While the two offenses will look similar, as both run the triple option, Kennesaw State coach Brian Bohannon was quick to point out the differences.
The Southern Conference champions, Wofford uses more of a shotgun variation in its execution of the triple option, Bohannon said, while the Owls typically have their quarterback under center.
Wofford (9-3) enters Saturday averaging 31 points, 332 rushing yards and 112 passing yards while scoring touchdowns in 38 of 47 trips to the red zone.
Kennesaw State's defense will be one of the more restrictive defenses Wofford has faced this season, as the Owls have limited opponents to 14.8 points and 110.6 rushing yards. Kennesaw State's opponents have scored touchdowns in only 54.5 percent of their red-zone possessions.
While the Owls' defense has proved itself capable of limiting opponents' run games this season — allowing opposing offenses seven total rushing touchdowns during the regular season — Wofford is coming off a first-round win against Elon, when they racked up 364 total yards, 344 on the ground.
Bohannon said Tuesday his team will be challenged against the Terriers' large running backs, two quarterbacks and star wide receiver, but ultimately, the game will come down to which offense can outlast the other.
The Owls (10-1) outmatch the Terriers in points scored (48.6) and the run game (373.9). Kennesaw State also enters Saturday with 55 trips into the red zone this season, scoring touchdowns in 43 of those possessions.
In their third consecutive year in the FCS playoffs, the Terriers have allowed opponents an average of 99.1 rushing yards and less than 20 points each game with a high of 23 against Western Carolina. In the red zone, Wofford has allowed opponents to score on 25 of 32 trips into red zone and score touchdowns on 22.
While Wofford outweighs Kennesaw State in postseason experience with nine playoff appearances since 2003, Bohannon hopes the Owls' one postseason game last season carries some weight during Saturday's matchup at Fifth Third Bank Stadium.
In 2017, Kennesaw State reached the FCS playoffs for the first time, advancing to the quarterfinals, where the team lost to Sam Houston State 34-27.
The Kennesaw State-Wofford will play the winner of the South Dakota State-Duquesne game in the quarterfinals.


Gangai Amaran is an Indian singer. He has mainly done his work in the field of Tamil cinema. He has been a music director, lyricist, director, producer-scriptwriter and actor. This multi-talented personality has been active in the industry for around 50 years of span. He is one of the most respected and honored people in the industry. He was born in a small village in Tamil Nadu. He is the father of director and actor Venkat Prabhu. His elder brother Ilayaraaja is also one of the most noted personalities in the music industry. Like his brother even he was interested in music and the both used to take training together. He was very inspired by his brother and considers him as a big inspiration and idol for him. He made his entry in the industry with Kozhi Koovuthu in 1982. He started as a director. In all his movies which he has directed, he has assigned his brother Ilayaraaja as the music director. The two have worked efficiently and were very much liked by the audience. His directorial movies include movies like Kokkarokko, Devi Sridevi, Enga Ooru Pattukaran, Shenbagamae Shenbagamae, Karagattakaran, Ooru Vittu Ooru Vanthu and many more.
He did his first music directorial project with the movie Koil Mani Osai in 1982, Vikram movie in 1986 and Neethana Andha Kuyil. His later projects include Aagaya Thamaraigal, Chellakutti, En Priyame, Irumbu Kaigai, Mannukkeetha Ponnu and the list goes on. The two brothers have also come together for various projects like Hello Yaar Pesurathu in 1985. He worked as a dubbing artist in Puthiya Vaarpugal for K. Bhagyaraj. He has worked as a singer in movies like Paradesi, Thimiru, Neethana Andha Kuyil. He has won many awards for his great work in the industry. He won the Lifetime Achievement Award. He has even hosted many shows along with many other singers. In his whole span of the career, he has mainly collaborated with Yuvan Shankar Raja, Karthik Raja. He has two sons Venkat Prabhu and Premji Amaran. The two are also a part of the Tamil industry. Venkat is a successful actor-singer and director. Premji also like his brother and father is in the film industry.


Located at number 89 of via Mecenate, M89 Hotel faces the factory halls that one hundred years ago hosted Caproni, one of the leading italian aviation companies, and which are now home to Gucci, after a meticulous renovation and expansion project by Piuarch. On the outside, the hotel hints at the outline of factory halls: the ground floor features a wide glass wall with a metal grate, at the same height of the industrial buildings as an ideal continuation of the permeable elevation. The roof, instead, reinterprets the industrial shed system in a contemporary key and takes a step back to leave room to the terrace, framed by full-height glass walls. A black plastered façade envelops the 55 rooms, that boast the same minimalist character of its façade. Their business vocation inspires a streamline design, revolving around refined colour contrasts between anthrax grey, white, green and walnut.
Between the new Gucci Headquarters and a renovated office building, both designed by Piuarch, M89 Hotel strengthens the identity of the district as dynamic business hub.
The panoramic restaurant is located on the top floor and is enhanced by an outdoor terrace, framed by a full-height glass wall.
The roof reinterprets the industrial shed system of the former Caproni factory halls in a contemporary way.


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text:
Family and colleagues stunned by violent death of 'beloved' dentist
By Matt Bungard
March 6, 2019 — 12.29pm
The tragic death of Sydney dentist Preethi Reddy has stunned family and co-workers in western Sydney.
Dr Reddy, 32, was found dead in a suitcase in her car on Tuesday night after being reported missing by her family on Sunday. She had been stabbed multiple times.
Friends and family of Preethi Reddy gathered at the family home in South Penrith. Credit:Nick Moir
Her ex-boyfriend, Tamworth dentist Dr Harshwardhan Narde, died in a car crash near Tamworth on Monday night after he deliberately drove his car into the path of a truck.
More than a dozen family and friends gathered outside Dr Reddy's home on a suburban South Penrith street on Wednesday, but did not want to comment on the tragedy.
It was an emotional scene, with several people fielding phone calls from other distraught parties, while others resorted to simply walking up and down the road.
Friends and family of Dr Reddy took calls as they gathered outside her home. Credit:Nick Moir
About 10 kilometres north-west, Glenbrook Dental Surgery was closed on Wednesday, as staff mourned the loss of their colleague.
Two pieces of paper had been taped to the doors of the premises on what otherwise would have seemed like a regular day in the little town at the foot of the Blue Mountains.
"Due to a tragedy concerning our beloved colleague, the surgery will be closed for the time being," the sign said.
Glenbrook Dental Surgery where dentist Preethi Reddy worked. Credit:Nick Moir
The surgery's voicemail said the same thing. "We appreciate your understanding during this difficult and delicate time," it added.
Two women at a local bakery gasped when told the dentist worked just a couple of doors away from them, having read the story of her death on Wednesday morning.
Dr Reddy had attended a dental conference in St Leonards on Friday, and was seen on CCTV footage in a McDonald's restaurant in the CBD in the early hours of Sunday morning. She was last seen in the foyer of a hotel on Market Street shortly after, and last spoke to her family on the phone several hours after that.
After issuing an appeal for information as to her whereabouts on Tuesday evening, police found her Volkswagen parked in Strachan Street in Kingsford about 9.30pm, with her body in a suitcase inside the car.
Support is available for those who may be distressed by phoning Lifeline 13 11 14; Mensline 1300 789 978; Kids Helpline 1800 551 800; beyondblue 1300 224 636; Domestic Violence Line 1800 65 64 63; 1800-RESPECT 1800 737 732
Matt Bungard
Matt Bungard is a journalist at The Sydney Morning Herald.


The new edition of BoardSource's core resource, Ten Basic Responsibilities of Nonprofit Boards, reinforces the expectation that nonprofit board leaders step outside the boardroom and advocate for their missions.
An all-time bestseller, this book not only explores the board's 10 core responsibilities, it also puts them into the context of the governance challenges facing nonprofits today. Author Richard T. Ingram expands upon the expectations and recommendations within each of the ten responsibilities, with the most significant and notable changes reinforcing the active and engaged role that BoardSource encourages board members to play as advocates and ambassadors. Here are the highlights.
Chapter one is focused on the role that the board plays in defining the fundamental purpose and mission of the organization. it sets the tone early that board members' responsibilities go beyond the internal work of the board, and require a public role.
In chapter six, which summarizes the role that board members play in ensuring that the organization has the resources it needs to sustain its mission, there is an additional section focused on public/government support. It mentions the role that board members play in educating policymakers about the need for — and impact of — those dollars through advocacy.
In discussing the external role that board members play in building and supporting their organization's reputation and reach with key constituents and the general public, chapter ten begins with a section on advocating for your mission and the unique and important role that board members play in accelerating the advocacy efforts of their organizations.
The third edition of Ten Basics is a must-have resource for board members.
Want to learn more about why we think board engagement in advocacy is so essential? Anne Wallestad shares her thoughts on why we formalized the expectation that advocacy is a key board responsibility in the newest edition of Ten Basics. Read the Nonprofit Quarterly article.


The Minions are small, yellow, cylindrical, creatures who have one or two eyes.
They are impulsive creatures with little self-control, but with a wide-eyed wonder and odd innocence.
Minions wear metal goggles accommodating their number of eyes, blue overalls with Gru's emblem on the front, and small black gloves.


The free document templates you can find in Google Docs are really useful.
These templates can serve as a helpful starting point if you're putting together any kind of report, a presentation or even a resume. When you create a new document, spreadsheet or slideshow, you can use these templates as a shortcut to getting the look and format you need.
Here's the bad news: Most of these public templates are about to disappear.
If you want any of these templates, you need to download them really soon.
Time is growing short. You have hundreds of publicly shared templates to choose from, but the vast majority of them are going to vanish — possibly in a week or so.
"We'll let you know the exact date with a message in the old gallery, but it will not take place before February 1st, 2017," Google said in a recent message to Google Drive users.
After Feb. 1, though, all bets are off.
Why Are You Taking My Free Things Away?
The new templates, it must be said, are quite nice-looking. They're designed by experts. They're crisp, clean and professional.
So what's the problem? Well, there aren't nearly as many choices as there used to be.
"Unfortunately, the new template galleries offer only a fraction of templates from which to choose. For example, the new Docs template gallery offers 29 as opposed to the hundreds it used to provide," wrote business and tech website NewCo Shift.
Meanwhile, Google is phasing out the old selection of templates.
Take a glance at Google's new templates, and see if they'll suit you. The new selection might be enough for you.
But if you want to see the huge gallery of old templates that's about to disappear, with its wealth of formats and styles, check it out here.
You can sort through the selections by type. Search for documents, spreadsheets, presentations, forms or drawings. Then, you can further narrow down your choices using categories.
Open any template you're interested in by clicking the "Use this template" button.
Once you do that, it's saved to your Google Drive.
Now it's yours forever. But you're running out of time to do this.
Your Turn: Do you use Google Docs' public templates for anything?
Mike Brassfield ([email protected]) is a senior writer at The Penny Hoarder. A freelance writer on the side, he likes Google Docs' free invoices. Because they're free.


text:
@implementation TestProject_Library_XCTest_Custom

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Ancient Jerusalem: The Village, the Town, the City
As published in Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 2016
Hershel Shanks	April 30, 2021 9 Comments 45810 views Share
It's made such an enormous impact on Western civilization that it's hard to fathom how small its population really was—small compared even to the centers of contemporaneous empires to the east and to the west. Of course, I'm talking about Jerusalem.
Today many of us live in cities of millions. Very few of us live in towns of only thousands, but hardly any of us live in a village as small as King David's capital.
Hillel Geva
In 2016, a study of Jerusalem's population in various periods has been published by one of Israel's leading Jerusalem archaeologists, Hillel Geva of Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the Israel Exploration Society. Geva bases his estimates on "archaeological findings, rather than vague textual sources." The result is what he calls a "minimalist view."1 But whether you accept Geva's population estimates or those of various other scholars he cites, to the modern observer the ancient city of Jerusalem can only be described as "tiny"—with population estimates at thousands and tens of thousands during many periods of the city's history. (In comparison, Rome in the century before Jesus lived is estimated to have had a population of 400,000 tax-paying males—so the entire population must have been about a million.)
The first period that Geva considers in his study is from the 18th–11th centuries B.C.E. (Middle Bronze Age II to Iron Age I, in archaeological terms), the period before the arrival of the Israelites. Jerusalem was then confined to the small spur south of the Temple Mount known today as the City of David. As Geva reminds us, even then Jerusalem "was the center of an important territorial entity." From this period, the area includes a massive fortification system that has recently been excavated. Overall, however, the area comprises only about 11–12 acres. Geva estimates the population of the city during this period at between 500 and 700 "at most." (Previously other prominent scholars had estimated Jerusalem's population in this period as 880–1,100, 1,000, 2,500, 3,000; still this is hardly what we would consider a metropolis.)
The shaded area reflects the current walled Old City of Jerusalem.
The next period Geva considers is the period of the United Monarchy, the time of King David and King Solomon and a couple centuries thereafter (1000 B.C.E. down to about the eighth century B.C.E.). In David's time, the borders of the city did not change from the previous period. However, King Solomon expanded the confines of the city northward to include the Temple Mount. This increased the size of the city to about 40 acres, but the increase in population was not proportionate since much of this expansion was taken up with the Temple and royal buildings. "It is likely that Jerusalem attracted new inhabitants of different social classes," Geva tells us. "Some of these people came to reside in the city as a consequence of their official and religious capacities, while others came to seek a livelihood in its developing economy." Geva estimates the population of the city at this time at about 2,000. (Previously, other scholars had estimated the number of people living in the city at this time as 2,000, 2,500 or 4,500–5,000.)
In the mid-eighth century B.C.E., the area usually referred to as the Western Hill was added to the city of Jerusalem. This area is well documented archaeologically. With this addition, more than a hundred acres were added to the city, and the population of the city increased proportionately. According to some scholars, this increase may have been at least in part due to the influx of refugees from the north after the Assyrian conquest of the northern kingdom of Israel in 721 B.C.E.
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By the end of the First Temple period (the First Temple was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 B.C.E.), the walled city of Jerusalem covered 160 acres. By that time, settlement also extended northward outside the city walls, all of which expanded the city further. At its height, the population of Jerusalem at the end of the eighth century B.C.E., according to Geva, was 8,000.
As a result of the siege of Jerusalem by the Assyrian monarch Sennacherib in 701 B.C.E., Jerusalem's population declined to about 6,000, and so it remained until the Babylonians destroyed the city in 586 B.C.E. and forced much of its population into exile in Babylon.
Other population estimates of Jerusalem during the nearly 200 years before the Babylonian destruction vary widely—partially because they focus on different time periods. Geva's estimate is carefully grounded in archaeological data.
After the Babylonian destruction, the few inhabitants who remained in the city (or who returned) lived primarily in the old area of the City of David. After the Persians wrested control of Jerusalem from the Babylonians and even after Jerusalem became the capital of the Persian province of Yehud, Jerusalem continued to be confined to the spur known as the City of David with an estimated population of about a thousand people on 40 acres. (Geva calls it "minute." Israel Finkelstein of Tel Aviv University puts the number even lower: 400 to 500.)
It was not until the late Hellenistic (Hasmonean) period (150–50 B.C.E.) that Jerusalem flourished again, just as it had at the time before the Babylonian destruction. Geva's population estimate: 8,000.
The next period—the Herodian (or Early Roman) period—extending from about 50 B.C.E. to the Roman destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E., includes the time when Jesus is associated with the city. Again, this period is very well documented archaeologically, but estimates of the city's population at the time of the Roman destruction vary widely. One scholar estimated the number at nearly a quarter million, another at more than a 100,000. Several put the number around 75,000. A number of others estimated between 25,000 and 75,000. Geva, always the population minimalist, estimates the number at 20,000.
In the Byzantine period (fourth–seventh centuries C.E.), Jerusalem was a Christian city.a Estimates of the city's population are as high as 100,000 and then go down gradually to 70,000 to 60,000 to 50,000 to 25,000. Geva's estimate: 15,000.
In 637 C.E. the Muslims besieged Jerusalem; the period of Islamic Jerusalem commenced. The change in the population's religious commitment was gradual but constant. And since the city of Jerusalem was not as central to Islam as to Christianity, the number of people living there gradually declined. By the 10th–11th centuries C.E., the city was confined to the area of the present Old City. Geva estimates the population at only 7,000.
However you cut it, Jerusalem was a tiny place in ancient times. Yet it played a major role in the march of history.
Sidebar: Jerusalem over the Ages
Jerusalem from the Middle Bronze Age through to the Early Islamic Period.2
Image by Ravit Nenner-Soriano; timeline by Noa Evron
"Ancient Jerusalem: The Village, the Town, the City" by Hershel Shanks originally appeared in Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 2016. It was first republished in Bible History Daily on May 9,
a. See Hershel Shanks, "After Hadrian's Banishment: Jews in Christian Jerusalem," BAR, September/October 2014; Eilat Mazar, "Temple Mount Excavations Unearth the Monastery of the Virgins," BAR, May/June 2004; Jodi Magness, "Illuminating Byzantine Jerusalem," BAR, March/April 1998.
1. Hillel Geva, "Jerusalem's Population in Antiquity: A Minimalist View," Tel Aviv 41 (2014), pp. 131–160.
2. We thank Hillel Geva and Tel Aviv (Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University) for the images.
Related reading in Bible History Daily:
Canaanite Fortress Discovered in the City of David Excavations around the Gihon Spring in the City of David uncovered a massive 3,800-year-old fortress.
Did I Find King David's Palace? by Eilat Mazar
As published in BAR, January/February 2006 Digging just south of Jerusalem's Temple Mount, Eilat Mazar uncovered a monumental building from the tenth century B.C.—the right time and the right place for David's royal residence.
What Did Herod's Temple in Jerusalem Look Like? Fifty years ago, leading Israeli scholar Michael Avi-Yonah constructed a now-iconic model of Herod's Temple in Jerusalem. How accurate is it?
Pilgrims' Progress to Byzantine Jerusalem Jerusalem has been revered as a holy city for millennia—with pilgrims a staple feature in its bustling streets. Egeria's Travels and the journals of the Bordeaux Pilgrim and the Piacenza Pilgrim demonstrate that this was as true in the Byzantine period as it is today.
What Were the Crusades and How Did They Impact Jerusalem? Some of the most famous churches in Jerusalem were built during the Christian Crusades by Crusaders wishing to memorialize sites they believed to have great Christian significance.
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King David's Palace and the Millo
By: Robin Ngo
The Tomb of the Kings in Jerusalem
By: Marek Dospěl
Iron Age Judahite Fortress to be Restored
By: Nathan Steinmeyer
Tower of David Re-Envisioned
Lex Freund says:
The article states that "the "city of Jerusalem was not as central to Islam as to Christianity." An accurate statement. So why the big deal over Israel declaring Jeusalem do be its undivided capital?
Rhemmy says:
What I want to know is how did he get his numbers. Where is his sources (Hillel Geva).
I understand what his opinion is but a little veracity is called for and logic. What I want to know is how does he get his numbers, basically. Minimalist. Yes get it. But to understand is essential to commoners like me (percentage, persons per acreage, etc.) How? I'm I the only one asking this question?
JAMES HIGDON says:
For decades similar "minimalist" population statistics for the Troy generally taken to be the one mentioned in the Illiad (Troy VI I think …) were taken as gospel. Then came the discovery of a much larger area of occupation beyond the massive walls – the Trojan suburbs, if you will. The "beetle-browed" walls of Troy VI appear to have represented the citadel, containing temples, palace, and homes of the aristocrats, with most of the population apparently living close by outside. So Peter's comments below should be taken very seriously. Now I gotta get back to making my class syllabus.
Stephen Funck says:
Hillel Geva is internally inconsistent. His number for Rome is far larger than the number contained within the walls. The ancients did not count the population of a city by his terms. In 300 BC a Greek geographer states the population of Jerusalem as 125,000. The many years of relative peace by the turn of BCE/CE allowed increase from that. As noted Herod's building project required great populations and the stones are still there to witness. Josephus is rejected but he wrote to people who were there and knew the truth. If he was filled with massive errors, he would have been decried at the time. His number and the Talmud's of 2,500,000 pilgrims at the festivals is supported by the stones on the ground.
20,000 seems low for 70 CE. Here is a link I think is great concerning the Temple throughout this time. http://templemountlocation.com/templeMountProgression.html
Peter Hagyo-Kovacs says:
Hillel's analysis makes sense, but the geographical constraints on the actual city of Jerusalem don't necessarily limit the population that considered themselves residents of Jerusalem who dwelt outside of the city in the same region. This is the thinking of a hypothesis that I started to work on when I was a M.A. Archaeology student at Hebrew University. The idea is that the ancient cities of the Levant served the function of a "temple precinct," which was where a central authority consolidated their rule, religious ritual was located, and store houses of grain, etc. were built and protected. In this view, residents of a city were those the general population associated with the ruling and priestly class, "cohenim" in Hebrew, ruled by the "Cohen-King" as in the tradition of the Ancient Near East.
In this model, the majority of the population associated with any given city actually lived outside of the city and were semi-nomadic pastoralists living in tents like the Bedouin in Israel still do to this day. The difficulty proving this is that semi-nomadic pastoralists don't leave easily identifiable remains to archaeologists who by necessity must limit the scope of excavations.
Interestingly, the "City of David" section of Jerusalem, which is the Jebusite city that King David conquered, remained the priestly district as Jerusalem expanded under the rule of the biblical Kings of the House of David, and remained the priestly district right up to the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE.
Rob Palmer says:
Where did the large numbers go? Killed off in warfare, emigrated to more prosperous locales, or disease? One case of enslavement to Babylon is mentioned. Otherwise Jerusalem looks to be an unexpectedly transient place.
Avinoam Ben Dor says:
Every so called "archaeologist" will publish anything controversial about Jerusalem so that his name will be circulated amongst Israel's enemies and be used to bash the Jews about their connection to Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
Maybe he should read the Bibles and the books written by the Maccabees, Josephus Flavius and other Roman historians before publishing papers.
Grant Van Iderstine says:
No doubt there is solid archaeology to support Hillel Geva's research but it is very hard to understand what sort of economy could have produced such substantial building projects in all eras with the tiny economic base he suggests. With a majority of the working population undoubtably involved in food production and defense, there would be precious little manpower remaining to build anything lasting. I think of what our modern small towns can create with populations of 5,000 to 10,000 people and they rarely can build a single substantial building: the odd church or city hall. Certainly no castles or fortresses.
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