text:
Pometia pinnata
J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Sapindaceae
It has been proposed that this species is no more than a synonym of Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch. The family Sapindaceae is currently under review (2014) and, until that review is complete, Pometia pinnata will be maintained as distinct[
Ken Fern
Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.
Dabanus acuminatus (Hook.f.) Kuntze
Dabanus pinnatus (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Kuntze
Irina alnifolia Blume
Irina glabra Blume
Irina tomentosa Blume
Nephelium acuminatum Hook.f.
Nephelium pinnatum (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Cambess.
Pometia acuminata (Hook.f.) Radlk.
Pometia alnifolia (Blume) King
Pometia coriacea Radlk.
Pometia glabra (Blume) Teijsm. & Binn.
Pometia macrocarpa Kurz
Pometia tomentosa (Blume) Teijsm. & Binn.
Racosperma elatum (Benth.) Pedley.
Common Name: Fijian Longan
Fruiting branches
Photograph by: veracel
Close-up of the fruits
Fruit in hand
Photograph by: Starr Environmental
Cultivated tree
Photograph by: Orang Asli
Leaves - note the red of new growth
Photograph by: Ahmad Fuad Morad
Photograph by: Tau?olunga
Close-up of the flowers
Fijian longan is a large, fast-growing evergreen tree that can reach a height of 40 metres or more. The bole, which can be straight, curved or sinuous, is usually free of branches for 13 - 22 metres and up to 100 - 140 cm in diameter[
World Agroforesty Centre
http://www.worldagroforestry.org/
An excellent online database of a huge range of trees giving very good information on each plant - its uses, ecology, identity, propagation, pests etc.
]. It is often prominently buttressed; the buttresses sharp, up to 5.5 metres tall and spreading up to 3.5 metres from the bole[
The plant is occasionally cultivated in its native range for its edible fruit[
Tropical and Subtropical Trees - A Worldwide Encyclopaedic Guide.
Barwick. M.
Thames & Hudson, London
A superb book, very concise and well written, giving a wealth of information on 400 or more species including descriptions, habitat, cultivation details and plant uses. A wealth of colour photographs bring each plant vividly to life.
Flora Malesiana Series 1
http://www.archive.org
Nationaal Herbarium Nederiand, Universiteit Leiden branch
A massive treatment of the plants of the Malaysian Archipelago. Much of it has been made available to download from the Internet
E. Asia - India, Malaysia to the Pacific islands.
Lowland riverbanks or humid woodlands and swampy forests[
]. Common in lowland forest, forest edges, open woodlands, lava flows, and often cultivated in villages of the Pacific Islands[
Medicinal Plants in the South Pacific
WHO Regional Publications, Manilla.
Excellent guide to 102 medicinal herbs of the Pacific Islands, with photographs of each plant and details of their constituents, biological activities and traditional uses. A description of each plant, together with habitat and distribution is given.
Habit Evergreen Tree
Growth Rate Fast
A plant of the lowland humid tropics, it is usually found at elevations below 500 metres, though is occasionally found as high as 1,700 metres[
]. In its native range it succeeds with a mean annual rainfall in the range 1,500 - 5,000mm, without a severe dry season[
]. The mean annual temperature ranges between 22 - 28°c, the mean maximum being 25 - 32°c and the minimum tolerated 5 - 16°c[
Prefers a deep, rich, moist soil and a position in full sun or light shade[
]. The tree is found on a variety of soils in its native range:- on limestone, clayey, sandy or loamy soils, mostly in dryland forest, occasionally in freshwater swamps[
A very fast growing tree with height increases of 1.7 metres being recorded for one year[
There is at least one named variety[
Cornucopia II
Kampong Publications, California.
The second edition of an excellent guide to the edible uses of plants, though it does not give any details of cultivation etc.
Fruit - raw. The semi-transparent white flesh is aromatic, juicy and sweet with a pleasant flavour[
]. It is said to taste like a rambutan[
]. The globose fruit is up to 35mm long, containing a single large seed[
The oily seeds are eaten after boiling or roasting[
The Fijian longan is often used in traditional medicine in the Pacific Islands[
]. It is used to treat deep pains in the bones, migraine headache, to aid expulsion of placenta after childbirth, to relieve rheumatic aching of muscles and joints, to relieve fever, as a remedy for flu and cold, to cure diarrhoea, stomach trouble, cough, fever, constipation, and diaper rash[
The leaves are antimicrobial[
]. A decoction of the leaves or bark is used medicinally against fever and sores[
]. An infusion of the leaves is rubbed onto the heads of infants or is given internally to treat unclosed fontanelles[
An abundant, thin, red gum obtained from the inner bark is considered to have many medicinal properties[
An infusion of the bark is used as an emetic for mouth infections, colds and mucous congestion, and to treat abdominal pains[
]. A decoction of the bark is used to treat mouth cancers[
Medicinal Plants in Papua New Guinea
Traditional medicinal uses of 126 species from Papua New Guinea, including information on any modern research into the plants.
The gum obtained from the inner bark is used to waterproof canoes[
Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands: Systems for Sustainability
W.C. Clarke and R.R. Thaman (Editors)
http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80824e/80824E00.htm#Contents
United Nations University Press, Tokyo
The guide includes information on 100 species of plants for Agroforestry. It is also available on the web at the address given above.
A hair shampoo is made from the bark[
The heartwood is a pink or light red, becoming red-brown upon exposure to light; it is not clearly demarcated from the 3 - 5cm wide band of lighter-coloured sapwood. The texture is medium; the grain straight or interlocked, sometimes wavy; the surface is lustrous; a brownish resin is present. The wood is moderately heavy; moderately hard; moderately strong; not very durable, having some resistance to fungi and termites but susceptible to dry wood borers. It is somewhat slow to season, with a high risk of checking and distortion, but once dry it is stable in service. It can be worked with ordinary tools, though there can be some difficulties due to the interlocked or wavy grain; planed surfaces are sometimes rough and may require filling; nailing and screwing are good; gluing is correct. A good general-purpose timber for interior construction, it is also suitable for domestic flooring, mouldings, joinery, ship and boat building, spars, tool handles, agricultural and sporting implements, interior trimming, block board, and tight cooperage. It is well accepted for making boxes and crates. In outdoor constructions, contact with the ground must be prevented as the wood is then not durable. The timber can be used for furniture and cabinet work but must be dried to a sufficiently low moisture content. It is suitable for hardboard and particle board and as pulpwood. The wood makes a good-quality veneer which has potential to be used as decorative veneer and is very suitable for core and outer layers of plywood[
Tropix 7
http://tropix.cirad.fr/en
CIRAD
An on-line guide to the timbers of 245 species of trees.
The wood is a high quality fuel[
Cite as: Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2021-01-17. <tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Pometia+pinnata>
Captcha: if i have 3 bananas, and i eat them all, how many bananas did i just eat?


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Doctor Who: Tenth Doctor Novels
Doctor Who: Tenth Doctor Novels Publisher's Summary
Freema Agyeman, Reggie Yates, Adjoah Andoh and Will Thorp are the readers of these eight original novels featuring the 10th Doctor and Martha, as played on TV by David Tennant and Freema Agyeman. The titles are 'Sting of the Zygons' by Stephen Cole; 'The Last Dodo' by Jacqueline Rayner; 'Wooden Heart' by Martin Day; 'Forever Autumn' by Mark Morris; 'Wetworld' by Mark Michalowski; 'Sick Building' by Paul Magrs; 'The Pirate Loop' by Simon Guerrier; and 'Peacemaker' by James Swallow.
©2017 BBC Worldwide Ltd. (P)2017 BBC Worldwide Ltd.
Eight adventures for the 10th Doctor
By: Jacqueline Rayner, Stephen Cole
Narrated by: Adjoa Andoh, Freema Agyeman, Reggie Yates, and others
Really bad narration and average story
Narrated by: Adjoa Andoh, Freema Agyeman, Reggie Yates, Will Thorp
Doctor Who: Tenth Doctor Novels Volume 2
10th Doctor Novels
By: Trevor Baxendale, Dale Smith, Justin Richards
Narrated by: David Troughton, Freema Agyeman, Russell Tovey
Freema Agyeman, Debbie Chazen, Bernard Cribbins, Georgia Moffett, Russell Tovey and David Troughton are the readers of these nine original stories featuring the Tenth Doctor and Martha, as played on TV by David Tennant and Freema Agyeman.
Whovian thoughts
By: Dan Abnett, Colin Brake, Simon Guerrier, and others
Narrated by: Debbie Chazen, Nicholas Briggs, Freema Agyeman
Join the Doctor and Martha on these journeys in Time and Space. The first five stories detail Martha's journey around the Earth during the Master's reign, and the stories she tells of her adventures with the Doctor. The last three novels tell of the Doctor's own adventures as he partners with the Judoon on the trail of a notorious criminal, encounters Slitheen in Ancient Greece, and joins a party of Dalek bounty hunters in an era before the Time War.
Nope, definitely not
By Stephanie on 08-07-18
By: Dan Abnett, Colin Brake, Simon Guerrier, David Roden, Freema Agyeman, Robert Shearman, Simon Jowett
By: David Llewellyn, Daniel Blythe, Christopher Cooper
Narrated by: Christopher Ryan, Georgia Moffett, Will Thorp
Join the Doctor on these journeys in Time and Space. In The Taking of Chelsea 426, he visits a city-size colony floating on the clouds of Saturn, just as some familiar foes arrive: the Sontarans. In Autonomy, an unspeakable terror is lurking on Level Zero of Hyperville, the hi-tech, 24-hour entertainment complex where the stage is set for a battle with the Autons. In The Krillitane Storm, the Doctor finds medieval Worcester threatened by the legendary Devil's Huntsman, in reality a menace he has encountered before.
Returned this one
By Gen on 07-03-19

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Мезозухии  — крупная группа наземных, полуводных или полностью водных вымерших крокодиломорф. Они появились в верхнеюрском периоде, к концу которого представлены уже тремя семействами из Западной Европы, Центральной Азии и Китая. В мелу мезозухии известны на всех континентах, кроме Антарктиды. Из 11—12 семейств мезозухий, отмеченных в верхнем мелу, три не вымерли вместе с динозаврами, а перешли в кайнозой. Последние мезозухии — специализированные наземные хищники, такие как  — встречается вплоть до миоцена в Южной Америке. Переходные формы между мезозухиями и эузухиями появились в нижнем мелу.
Таким образом, мезозухии являлись прямыми предками эузухий — единственной современной группы крокодиломорф, к которой относятся современные крокодилы, однако граница перехода между мезозухиями и эузухиями выражена нечётко.

Общие морфологические особенности

Мезозухии отличаются от рецентных (современных) эузухий более коротким вторичным нёбом, в котором хоаны не окружены , а также амфицельностью позвонков. Вторичное нёбо образовано предчелюстными, челюстными и нёбными костями; внутренние ноздри обычно расположены между нёбными и крыловидными костями. Челюстные кости иногда соединяются дорсально и оттесняют носовые кости от предчелюстных. Наружные ноздри обычно сливаются. Предглазничное отверстие почти всегда утрачено. Верхняя височная яма большая, и лобная кость достигает её края. Заглазничная дуга часто расположена непосредственно под кожей. Лобковая кость не входит в вертлужную впадину. Панцирь обычно хорошо развит.

Водные мезозухии

Переход от главным образом сухопутных протозухий к специализированным морским мезозухиям произошёл, по-видимому, не раньше позднего . В нижне- и верхнелейасовых отложениях Великобритании, Германии и Франции обнаружена сходная фауна ихтиозавров и плезиозавров. Эти крокодиломорфы почти неизвестны в нижнем лейасе, но обильны и разнообразны в верхнем.

Два семейства мезозухий были преимущественно или облигатно водными. Они имели, по-видимому, независимое происхождение. Pholidosauridae существовали с верхней юры до верхнего мела. У них длинная морда (это связано с водным типом питания) с резко изогнутым вниз передним концом, но верхние височные отверстия несколько меньше, чем у телеозавров и метриоринхид.

Dyrosauridae известны с верхнего мела до эоцена. Удлинённая морда в этой группе, скорее всего, развилась независимо, а не унаследована от других водных форм. Это семейство известно прежде всего в Северной и Западной Африке, Саудовской Аравии и Восточной Азии, что соответствует окраинам мезозойского моря Тетис. Род  встречался также в Северной и Южной Америке.

Полуводные мезозухии
 из верхней юры — верхнего мела и  из верхней юры — нижнего мела распространены космополитично и близки по анатомии скелета к современным крокодилам. Черепом они в общем напоминают ныне живущие консервативные формы без удлинённой морды, характерной для специализированных на поедании рыбы водных видов. Хотя гониофолиды дожили до более позднего времени, они сохранили амфицельные позвонки и примитивное строение нёба. Среди атопозаврид у  в определённой степени процельные позвонки, а крыловидные кости формируют латеральную, но ещё не переднюю, границу хоан. Этот род, возможно, служит связующим звеном с эузухиями.

Наземные мезозухии
Многие нотозухии (например, Chimaerasuchus, Simosuchus, Armadillosuchus и Notosuchus) вели наземный образ жизни и скорее всего были активными, теплокровными животными. Но два отдельных семейства,  (верхний мел) и  (палеоцен — миоцен), занимают обособленное положение. Они встречались преимущественно в Южной Америке, однако, также известны из Европы, Азии, Северной Африки и, возможно, Северной Америки. Известны в основном остатки черепов с относительно узкой и очень высокой в отличие от большинства других крокодиломорфов мордой. Такое строение челюстей непригодно для ловли жертвы в воде, но хорошо подходит для того, чтобы продираться через заросли и выкусывать куски мяса. Зубы — длинные, сжатые с боков, несущие пильчатые кили (эта их форма называется зифодонтной). У себецид они так сильно напоминают зубы хищных динозавров, что в своё время использовались как доказательство присутствия последних в третичном периоде в Южной Америке. Зубы сходной формы известны также у раннетретичного эузухиевого крокодиломорфа Pristichampsus. Основываясь на строении зубов и челюстей, палеонтологи считают, что себециды были активными наземными хищниками и, возможно, занимали в палеогеновых и раннетретичных экосистемах Южной Америки такое же положение, что и крупные млекопитающие хищные в других частях света, в то время как баурузухиды были экологическим эквивалентом современных им хищных динозавров в Южной Америке, Азии и Европе мелового периода. Эта гипотеза долгое время оставалась недоказанной, поскольку посткраниальный скелет этих животных не был известен. Однако, такие находки, как относительно полный скелет описанного в 2001 году наземного крокодиломорфа Stratiotosuchus из семейства Baurusuchidae, четко указывают на наземный образ жизни и сходство в строении конечностей данных крокодиломорфов с конечностями тероподов. Это также говорит о том, что наземные мезозухии были очень эффективными наземными хищниками. Баурузухиды исчезают вместе с динозаврами в конце мелового периода, в то время как себециды доживают до кайнозоя, повсеместно вымирая в Эоцене из-за резкого похолодания (даже теплокровные крокодиломорфы не имели эффективных изолирующих наружных покровов и не могли высиживать яйца), за исключением только теплой Южной Америки, где они продержались вплоть до среднего миоцена.

Сложно отследить эволюцию данных жизненных форм, но вполне возможно, что они и вовсе не имеют водных или полуводных предков.

Классификация
 Семейство Hsisosuchidae
 Семейство Gobiosuchidae
 Инфраотряд Notosuchia
 Семейство Notosuchidae
 Семейство Sebecidae
 Семейство Baurusuchidae
 Инфраотряд Neosuchia
 Семейство Trematochampsidae
 Семейство Peirosauridae
 Род Lomasuchus
 Род Montealtosuchus
 Семейство Elosuchidae
 Семейство Atoposauridae
 Семейство Dyrosauridae
 Семейство Pholidosauridae
 Род Sarcosuchus
 Семейство Goniopholididae
 Семейство Paralligatoridae
 Род Shamosuchus

Примечания

Литература

Вымершие крокодиломорфы

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Grateful Warriors / David Zedner
Grateful Warriors
Hosted by Yossi Hecht
Apple Podcast | Spotify
Episode 1 - David Zedner - Blending in
In this week's episode, we sat down with David Zedner. From a young age, David was placed in the foster care system, never staying longer than 2 years at any of the homes he lived in. He comes from a line of courageous people, from his mother who, in David's words was "Mosser Nefesh" to send him to Yeshivah, and from his grandmother, who would pretend to be sick in order that she wouldn't violate the Shabbat. This rich stream of courage and resilience runs through David, but still it wasn't easy. Join us as we discover David's life; what got him through his best and and most challenging days (and homes!); where he is now, and where he's going in the future.
Challenges. We can't run away from them, can't escape them, and they seem to follow us wherever we go. Sometimes, these challenges turn into something more. They leave us with questions. "Why was I given this challenge, Hashem?! I can't handle this!" They leave us emotionally drained. "If it weren't for [this challenge], I would be so much happier…!" Most of all, they leave us searching. For answers, for truth, and for something inside ourselves to draw inspiration from.
In this new series brought to you by TYH Nation, and hosted by Yossi Hecht, we're on a mission: to find the most remarkable people we can, and interview them to bring you their insights, share their remarkable stories and learn from their simcha. Our hope is that you're inspired to live your most grateful life, and to see the beauty throughout "challenges". Yes, sometimes it's HARD! But you have the power within you. You're also a #GratefulWarrior, just by being here.
Welcome to the Grateful Warriors series, where we interview "Grateful Warriors" from around the world. This series is hosted by the one and only Yossi Hecht.
Who is Yossi? Yossi Hecht is extraordinary himself, spearheading the Asher to the Yatzar movement after what others would see as devastating challenges to his health. The Asher to the Yatzar movement picked up steam, and is now a viral phenomenon.
"It's the reaction of how we respond to challenges that make all the difference." — Y.H.
Watch and listen to more Grateful Warriors >


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text:
BELRIM home Events Exchange: Bribery & Corruption
Exchange: Bribery & Corruption
boulevard de l'Empereur 3 Keizerslaan B-1000 Brussels
Managing Bribery and Corruption Risk – from Policy to Practice
Is the UK Anti-Bribery Act and the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act applicable to your company?
What are the potential consequences of not being compliant?
Who will have to pay fines and who will be sentenced to jail?
At this BELRIM Exchange, a panel of international experts will share their views on how companies can improve compliance with international and domestic anti-corruption measures and deal with the extraterritorial reach of various anti-bribery and corruption legislation such as the UK Anti-Bribery Act and the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
Leading practitioners will discuss a range of practical solutions that can be put in place for these purposes. We will tackle this topic from both an international policy and legal perspective, but will also pay close attention to the practical aspects of day-to-day compliance, investigation and enforcement.
Chair: Mr Nicolas Angelet, Partner Liedekerke
Speaker: Mr Richard Brown, Partner Travers Smith
Speaker: Ms Els Hostyn, Partner KPMG Advisory, KPMG
Speaker: Ms Dana Goldstein, Senior Counsel, The World Bank
The exchange will start at 3 p.m.
Carl Leeman Organizer
"Often the difference between a successful person and a failure is not one has better abilities or ideas, but the courage that one has to bet on one's ideas, to take a calculated risk - and to act." --Andre Malraux


I'm not talking about this blog. One of the new things you'll see around here this year is at least once per month, I'll give you a glance behind the scenes…or more accurately between the covers…of whatever I'm writing at the moment.
The current project is in "revision" mode. This isn't my favorite. I think I've shared this meme before, but each time I see it, it reinforces my emotions in the two processes of being an author: writing and editing.
There is a series within the First Street Church Series published by Sweet Promise Press. This is a trilogy I've affectionately called, TEXAS HOMECOMING.
In Book One, Jaz comes home with a plan to find a post-military job and make a quick exit. Since her brother's death, she and her father can barely occupy the same room without having harsh words.
Bailey dreams of leaving Sweet Grove, too, but when his sister returns home with plans to convert the family ranch into a resort, he knows he has to stay and help her. She'll be his only family once their father succumbs to the cancer devouring him.
But what if they don't inherit the ranch? What if a "blood" relative comes to claim it? Bailey seeks out a legal expert and finds his high school crush. Jaz can't turn the handsome cowboy away, but she's hardly prepared to start falling for him.
Even without a will, love finds a way.
The story continues in Book Two. I refer to this as "Jaz's story" because she finally gets questions answered about her brother. Of course, a mysterious visitor makes an auspicious delivery. When Bailey sees Jaz embracing the man, he suspects the worst.
Because he knows he's not worth loving.
Sometimes hope needs a helping hand.
When I originally concieved the idea for this series, I hoped to write THREE books outside of Sweet Grove. I was going to pull readers from the Kindle World into my own sweet romance world.
And then their were no more Kindle Worlds.
But there was Sweet Promise Press. And I enjoyed working with Melissa Storm and her crew of friendly and knowledgeable professionals. So, I decided to bring the characters back to Sweet Grove. It was supposed to be a Texas Homecoming anyway, right?
My new plan is to release the third book in the trilogy in April.
Then I'll hire a designer to make a lovely Texas Homecoming print wrap and in the fall, I'll release the trilogy in a print collection. All three stories (somewhere between 80,000 and 90, 000 words) together in a single paperback.
Doesn't that sound like a fantastic idea?
Now for the moment you scrolled past the rest of this to see. Here's a scene from the second chapter of the book.
I hate to give too much away, but book three is Bailey's story. Plenty of reviewers have commented about how static and even whiny Bailey has been in the first two books. Well, he's not weak. He has a bad past.
And it's about to come to Sweet Grove.
Lonie Dyer was a piece of work. Jazlyn Rolle had met sweet talkers like him during her six months with Boldt & Associates. It wasn't the false charm that grated against her as much as the expectation to get something for nothing.
By the time he'd spoken two sentences, Jaz had known that the striking physical resemblance between Bailey and Lonie was all there was. Even without the sharp planes on his face and hardness in his eyes, Lonie wasn't at all appealing.
"And who might you be?" That was the first sentence he'd spoken.
"This is Jaz." Tess stepped around her as the two of them entered the parlor.
Lonie's hand settled possessively beside a photo book of Central Texas on the edge of an antique table.
"A Sweet Grove native like my little girl?" His tone dripped honey, and Jaz figured the man could con a starving man out of his last meal.
Probably how he'd convinced the parole board a man with one armed robbery after another shouldn't serve out a full sentence. Jaz had entered the man's name into the county database as soon as Bailey had mentioned he was out of prison. Not that she expected him to show up in Sweet Grove. He'd burned whatever bridge he might have had to his children years ago.
"I thought you'd be in your room." Tess gazed at him with expectation.
That's when Jaz saw herself in her friend's posture. Tess wanted his approval. Since she'd always yearned for Daddy love, Jaz knew the feeling exactly. But her friend missed the calculating way Lonie's eyes narrowed, and Jaz knew Tess was heading for heartache.
Jaz stepped closer. Lonie's gaze flashed to her and roamed lasciviously down her body.
The very same thing had happened so many times during her six years in the army that Jaz was surprised when she glanced down at herself. The uniform she expected to see was only loose boyfriend denim and a form-fitting sweatshirt. By the way the lust filled the older man's gaze, it should have been something much more revealing.
Lonie's lips thinned into a reptilian smile. "Boy couldn't wait to see me." His dry chuckle sent a hoard of shivers down Jaz's spine.
She forced her backbone to steel as she marched her friend back to the kitchen. Tess responded about breakfast, but Jaz didn't pay attention. Now that she'd met the man and seen the open desire in Tess's eyes, she realized Bailey hadn't been overreacting to send her to the ranch.
Jaz blocked the doorway into the kitchen by leaning on the side of the bar. Lonie pulled up a stool like he belonged there.
"Sweet tea?" Tess paused to glance over her shoulder at Lonie while pulling glasses from the cupboard.
Once Tess turned away, Lonie shifted a leer to Jaz. She glared, unblinking. Maybe it would be smarter to pretend to fall for his slimy charm, but she couldn't do it. Men like Lonie Dyer had too much power over women, and Jaz refused to be another conquest for him, even if it was only in his own mind.
This wasn't part of her normal B&B hostess routine, and Jaz wanted to snap at Lonie to leave the kitchen, since it wasn't generally open to guests. But Tess's hopeful expression killed the protest before it reached her lips.
"A shot of Jim Beam would be nice." Lonie chuckled again, this time the sound more authentic, although it still grated on Jaz.
As if she hadn't already by loaning him a rent-free room. The front door opened and closed, and footsteps plodded toward the dining room. Jaz's heart leapt, but Bailey would use the kitchen entrance, so it must be Tess' other guest.
"That's Mr. Gary." Tess brushed past Jaz and into the hallway.
Jaz clenched her fist. "He's not your boy any more than Tess is your darlin'." She mimicked his syrupy drawl of the endearment.
What do you think? Are you ready to read more?
My small publishers always want MORE people to read and review their titles. They also offer the opportunity for their authors to read any book for free in exchange for an honest review. By now, they know my truthful reviews aren't generally worth five stars.
I volunteered to read an advance copy of TRUTH by Avery Woods because the blurb was appealing.
A few weeks before the release, the author emailed me to thank me for promising to review the book. I emailed her back to say that the review would be for three stars and that I would wait to post it if she wanted.
She told me to post it right away. I loved her confidence, and I think you'll find that as you read her story.
Cori and Jesse didn't engage me. I didn't buy their motivations.
This is a common complaint for me in romance novels. Many authors believe they're telling the story of the romance, but if I don't connect with the desires of the characters, the story–no matter how incredible–falls flat.
Much of this was the story of Cori discovering she didn't truly love the man she was with and that she wanted to find out the truth about her mother, who she assumed was dead. I will give Kudos to Ms. Woods for adding a twist to the "true heritage" for Cori. It wasn't your average, "mom died when I was young" or "given up for adoption" background.
Jesse's story with his sister didn't compel me in the least. Yes, it's a common issue and the author handled it gracefully. But I felt like the events were relayed to the reader. How did Jesse feel? Why did he feel that way? What made him bond with Bethany so much?
And when we discovered Jesse's wound, the opportunity for deep connection with him had already been lost. A powerful backstory didn't engage me because Jesse never felt anything. Or I should say I was never invited to experience anything along with him.
The actual romance between these two felt rushed. My favorite romances are friends who become lovers, and that's one of the reasons I picked this book up to read. But even their friendship developing happened before the story began and I was expected to believe they were friends when all I really saw was Jesse's crush and Cori's distance (because her boyfriend was the jealous sort).
The story earns three out of five stars from me.
Romance readers will likely enjoy this story. I expected more character development based on the blurb and then I didn't truly connect with the characters.
Readers who like the slow reveal of an unexpected secret might find more here than they bargained for. While the story and characters didn't engage me, it wasn't because of poor writing.
You can grab a copy of this book from the publisher, Amazon, Amazon UK, B & N, Bookstrand, Kobo and Smashwords. Ms. Woods would appreciate if you would leave your own review at the retailer of purchase and Goodreads.


text:
Q: When adding book values to @Entity values turn out null JavaEE i have probably done something very stupid and i have tried and tried for about 4 hours now and i can't figure out what is wrong. When i try to add a book to the database, MySQL increments but all the values set in the Mysqltable columns are "null".
Im running eclipse, and glassfish 3.1.1, with maven 2.1 and Mysql.
i have probably mixed up something, or my annotations are wrong or something stupid. Please help!
Books Entity
package se.andolf.entities;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.faces.bean.RequestScoped;
import javax.faces.bean.SessionScoped;
import javax.inject.Named;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@SessionScoped
@Named
@Table(name = "BOOKS")
public class Books implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id //private key
    @Column
    (name = "BOOK_ID")
    private Long bookId;

    @Column
    (name = "TITLE")
    private String title;

    @Column
    (name = "AUTHOR")
    private String author;

    @Column
    (name = "PRICE")
    private String price;

    public Long getBookId() {
        return bookId;
    }

    public void setBookId(Long bookId) {
        this.bookId = bookId;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        System.out.println(author);
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(String price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
}

BookController
package se.andolf.controller;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.faces.bean.SessionScoped;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.inject.Named;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import javax.transaction.HeuristicMixedException;
import javax.transaction.HeuristicRollbackException;
import javax.transaction.NotSupportedException;
import javax.transaction.RollbackException;
import javax.transaction.SystemException;
import javax.transaction.UserTransaction;

import se.andolf.entities.Books;

@Named
@SessionScoped

public class BookController {

@PersistenceContext()
private EntityManager entityManager;

@Resource
UserTransaction userTransaction;

@Inject
private Books book;

public String saveBook() {

    try {
        System.out.println(book.getAuthor() + " hej");
        userTransaction.begin();
        book.setAuthor(book.getAuthor());
        book.setTitle(book.getTitle());
        book.setPrice(book.getPrice());
        entityManager.persist(book);
        userTransaction.commit();
    } catch (NotSupportedException | SystemException | SecurityException | IllegalStateException | RollbackException | HeuristicMixedException | HeuristicRollbackException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return "index";
}

public List<Books> getAllBooks(){
    Query query = entityManager.createQuery("SELECT s FROM Books s");
    List<Books>allBooks = query.getResultList();
    return allBooks;
    }
}

index.xhtml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
   <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html" xmlns:ui="http://java.sun.com/jsf/facelets">
     <h:head>
       <title>Boklista</title>
     </h:head>
     <h:body>
     <h:messages></h:messages>
     <ui:repeat var="i" value="#{bookController.getAllBooks()}">
        <h:panelGrid columns="4">
            <h:outputLabel value="#{i.bookId}" />
            <h:outputLabel value="#{i.title}"/>
            <h:outputLabel value="#{i.author}"/>
            <h:outputLabel value="#{i.price}"/>
        </h:panelGrid>
     </ui:repeat>
       <h:form>
         <h:panelGrid columns="2">
            <h:outputLabel for="title" value="Title:"/>
            <h:inputText id="title" value="#{books.title}" required="true"/>
            <h:outputLabel for="author" value="Author:"/>
            <h:inputText id="author" value="#{books.author}" required="true"/>
            <h:outputLabel for="price" value="Price: "/>
            <h:inputText id="price" value="#{books.price}" required="true"/>
            <h:commandButton value="Submit" action="#{bookController.saveBook()}"/>
         </h:panelGrid>
       </h:form>
     </h:body>
</html>

web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>FaceletTest</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.xhtml</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
<context-param>
    <description>State saving method: 'client' or 'server' (=default). See JSF Specification 2.5.2</description>
    <param-name>javax.faces.PROJECT_STAGE</param-name>
    <param-value>Development</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.fmt.localizationContext</param-name>
    <param-value>resources.application</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.sun.faces.config.ConfigureListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
</web-app>

A: You can not let CDI manage your JPA entities and still expect them to persist correctly. If you're going to do something this way, you should use producers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
In Greek Mythology, Who is Aphrodite?
Aphrodite is best known as the Greek goddess of love, sexual desire, eroticism, and female power.
Aphrodite is said to have emerged from the foam in the sea.
Aphrodite is depicted in the Botticelli 15th century work, The Birth of Venus.
Aphrodite is best known as the goddess of love.
Written By: wiseGEEK Writer
Images By: Kanvag, Fotoforfun, n/a, Syda Productions
Aphrodite (Venus in Roman mythology) is known best as the Greek goddess of love, one of the twelve Gods who lived on Mount Olympus. In truth, she is not only a goddess of love but also one of sexual desire, eroticism, and female power. Origins of the goddess likely date to the Semitic goddess Ishtar or Astarte, and her reign in Greece may have begun with worship of her among the Phoenicians.
Many who study the emergence of the Greek gods and goddesses suggest that nomadic and conquering tribes tended to bring their particular god or goddess to an area and then create a relationship between their god (usually a storm or weather god) with the local goddess. This accounts for Zeus' many extramarital affairs with local mother or harvest goddesses. Aphrodite's origin is somewhat different, because she was likely a central goddess, Ishtar/Astarte absorbed gradually into Greek lore.
Though Zeus is the ruler of Mount Olympus, Aphrodite's relationship to him is as an Aunt. While Zeus was the son of Cronus, Aphrodite is in a peculiar way, the daughter of Uranus. She is said to have emerged from the foam in the sea caused by Cronus' castration of Uranus. This makes her somewhat superior to, or at least on equal standing with Zeus, but she defers to him, or is given special province over love, beauty and eroticism.
She does not hesitate, however, in disregarding her own marriage to Hephaestus, the black smith of the Gods, and brother to Zeus. In fact she is aligned consistently with Ares and has a continued affair with him. In one telling, Hephaestus discovers the affair and creates a netted trap to catch the two lovers, which succeeds. The Gods all then appear to laugh at Aphrodite and Ares in a very compromising position.
In Greek mythology, Aphrodite is often viewed as capricious and tricksome, perhaps like sexual love itself, a thing not exactly trustworthy. She is the cause of the Trojan War. When she competes with Hera and Athena to be named the fairest goddess, as judged by Paris, she promises him the love of the most beautiful woman in the world. Unfortunately this woman is Helen, who is already married. She delivers on her promise, which dooms Troy.
You will find numerous depictions of Aphrodite in both modern and ancient art. Perhaps the most recognizable of all is the Botticelli 15th century work, The Birth of Venus, where the goddess is viewed rising naked from the sea on an open clamshell. In many artistic renderings, whether painted, drawn or sculpted, Aphrodite is depicted sans clothing. As such, she represents the sexual freedom and unabashedness, for which she was either praised or censored.
What Is the Birth of Venus?
What Are the Different Types of Traditional Greek Clothing?
In Mythology, what is the Triple Goddess?
Who is Hephaestus?
Who is Hera?
Who is Hermes?
What is the Mythical Cause of the Trojan War?
wesley91
Aphrodite was always unfaithful to her extremely unattractive husband and had numerous affairs. She didn't just stick to affairs with the gods. She also had affairs with mortals. Ares was her greatest love and they had many children together.
Her second favorite lover was a mortal, Adonis. As odd as it is, she was like a mother figure to him when he was abandoned as a baby. Aphrodite put a curse on Adonis's mother, Myrrha. Adonis was taken to the queen of the underworld, Persephone, and grew to be an incredibly handsome young man. Aphrodite fell in love and took him. The story had a tragic ending when Adonis was killed by a wild boar.
StormyKnight
Aphrodite, the beautiful goddess of love, was given away in marriage to the "ugliest" of all the Greek gods, Hephaestus. Zeus arranged this union to prevent dissension among the other gods over her amazing beauty. Her husband made her fine jewelry, included an enchanted girdle called a "cestus" which made her even more attractive to all men.


text:
Meet Moneybox: The app making saving and investing simple
by: Charlie Mortimer
In case you missed it, last week we went live with Moneybox – our first public API integration, and the app that's transforming the way people save and invest. Using our APIs, they've made it so you can easily link up your Starling account to their suite of tools – including real-time roundups – with just a tap. Therefore, to introduce them and show you just why we love them, we invited Charlie Mortimer, their co-founder, to give us the Moneybox story.
Moneybox is an app designed to make it easier than ever to save and invest. Users can round up their everyday purchases to the nearest pound and invest the change into companies from all over the world via simple tracker funds.
We launched our flagship Stocks & Shares ISA app in 2015 and recently launched our Junior ISA app which helps parents to invest towards their children's future.
Moneybox launched in 2015
Ben, my co-founder, and I started Moneybox as a way to help people save and invest. We believe that limited financial education and access to professional advice means that there are a large number of people who are looking to structure their saving in a better way and do more with their money, especially given today's low interest rates.
To give a little more of the history, Ben and I first met at school (a long time ago now!) and sat next to each other in economics lessons. Ben's background is in investing / asset management, beginning at Fidelity. My background is in digital – across online dating, daily deals and personal finance. Whenever we would catch up and start discussing services that 'should' exist, the idea for Moneybox always seemed to crop up. Finding a way to 'democratise' investing through mobile seemed to fit well with our respective backgrounds, and one evening we decided we would actually make it happen.
We agreed that it was important to have a really strong understanding of people's attitudes towards saving and investing so that we could build a product that was solving a real problem. So, before we launched, we did lots of user research and found that the most often cited barriers to investing were:
'It's very hard to set up an account' 'Investing is very complicated and I don't know enough to start' 'You need lots of money to invest'
Therefore, we focused on building an app that addressed these areas.
Firstly, we made it easy for people set up an account – we're proud to say that most users can now open a Stocks & Shares ISA from their mobile phone in just a few minutes.
Secondly, we tested a wide variety of different ways to introduce the concept of investing. We found that it was important not to overwhelm people with too many options, so we worked with experts to put together just three. These starting options are represented by animals – a fox, an owl and a squirrel. We wanted to build an app that didn't look like a traditional finance app; our designers don't have a finance background, as we want to create something with broad appeal. We want the app experience to be rewarding and to have some lighter elements.
Finally, we have built the app so that people can open an account with just £1. It took over a year to build out the Moneybox 'platform' and it's now possible for people to invest £1 into diversified index funds and, through those funds, into thousands of companies around the world.
We launched in August 2016, and since then we have been growing our customer base and improving the app. The traction we've seen in our first year has been beyond our expectations and so far we've had (mostly!) positive feedback which has been great. It's really rewarding to hear from customers who have started investing and are building their financial future with Moneybox.
Since then we have launched our Junior ISA app, which is aimed at parents who want to start saving for their kids. We love that idea that parents can save a little towards their child's future every time they buy something (for their child or for themselves!) through our round ups feature.
At the moment we're continuing to work on making the Moneybox experience better for customers, especially in building out how we communicate and try to help educate customers. We're currently focused on explaining the wonders of compounding with a cartoon owl quoting Einstein! We think it's really important to reinforce fundamental investment concepts in an engaging way.
We've also spent the last few weeks building our integration with Starling. This allows Moneybox customers to connect their Starling account and bring in transactions to round up. As open banking becomes more prevalent, working with like-minded services in a secure way to deliver a range of financial services will enable customers to make the most of their financial lives. It's great that Starling have made this possible with their open APIs.
Over the next year or two we want to continue to grow our customer base and build features that help our customers to achieve their financial goals, be that saving for a house, saving for retirement, or just for a rainy day. After all, no one really wants 'an ISA', they want the freedom or opportunity that saving and investing can bring.
School prepares you for many aspects of the working world, but you may notice some gaps in your knowledge of money management.
If you were told you weren't good with numbers at school, it doesn't mean you can't be good with money today.
Having a handle on behavioural science can help explain why we make certain decisions when it comes to money. Rachael Revesz investigates.
Holiday snapshots with Starling
The holidays are here - enjoy these holiday snapshots from some of our customers. With no fees for withdrawing cash or using your card abroad, Starling is a great travel companion.
Ben Noble: From scoring goals to savings Goals
Ben Noble, actor and writer, shares how he uses Starling Bank to help manage his money, from expenses to using Goals to set aside money for his first film.
Women in technology: Smashing the glass ceiling
In Smashing the glass ceiling series this week, we talk about women in technology - Ada Lovelace, the creator of the first algorithm, NASA scientist Katherine Johnson and Professor Wendy Hall.


If you were fortunate enough to watch Indian television in the 80s 90s, or even the early 2000s, you might recognize this ad.
Complete with a social message, this ad quickly attained an iconic status, so much so that every kid knew its tagline. This was at a time celebrity backed ads were being used by the tobacco industry – now classified in this Health Ministry report as Phase 1 of tobacco marketing in India.
Aggressive and clever advertising tactics helped the tobacco industry thrive in our country – the latest in their arsenal is handing out free cigarettes to young people in bars and nightclubs, in direct violation of the ban on tobacco advertising. Companies know that the youth are an important buyer segment for them – it's a well known fact that young adults and adolescents are more likely to try smoking and become lifelong nicotine addicts .
The result? About 26.7 crore (or 267 million) people ages 15 and above in India use tobacco (smoking or smokeless) according to the ministry's latest estimate. We have the highest number of smokeless tobacco users in the world. Oral cancer is among the most common types of cancers in India and tobacco use kills about 1 million people each year.
Besides the advertising, myths and misinformation have also helped create tobacco's unique stronghold on our society since its introduction to India in the 1600s. Some of them warrant discussion. Shall we?
So, what if I smoke? It only affects me – Nope, tobacco use always has ripple effects. Adults set an example for children, and youngsters influence their friends and younger siblings when they use tobacco in any form. This is important because young adults and adolescents are more likely to try smoking and become lifelong addicts to the nicotine in tobacco.
Smoking with people around? Non-smokers inhale that smoke (whether its a cigarette, bidi, cigar, or a hookah) and get exposed to toxic chemicals. Its called second hand smoking.
Smoking with no people around? Still doesn't help. Non-smokers come in contact with the residue from tobacco smoke that settles on a smoker's body and clothes, indoor objects and surfaces as dust. The residue has carcinogens that non-smokers keep getting exposed to for months after tobacco has been smoked. These carcinogens can cause lung cancer and lung infections in children and that is just the start of the list of health effects.
Smoking under a cave? The waste generated from discarded cigarette butts pollute land and groundwater with leached toxic chemicals. These chemicals go on to persist in treated wastewater, circling back to smokers and non smokers alike.
Tobacco has led to economic improvements for farmers and people employed – The tobacco industry positions itself as an answer to social and economic inequalities in the country. Thankfully, researchers are working to disprove that claim. "At the Crossroads of Life and Livelihood" , a recent report by Voluntary health association of India describes how tobacco farmers , bidi rollers and tendu leaf pluckers are trapped in a never ending cycle of of poverty and exploitation .
Is growing tobacco making farmers richer? Only large scale farmers. Tobacco plants need pesticides, long hours of labour and leave the soil in poorer quality. Contact with tobacco plants exposes farmers and their family members , including pregnant women and children to nicotine poisoning and many diseases. Small farmers, who form the majority in India are unaware of the high financial, physical and health costs of growing tobacco. Left with little negotiation power, they don't get the compensation they deserve and suffer with poor health , low productivity and financial debt.
And the other workers? A majority of the workforce manufacturing tobacco products is made up of women and children, who are exposed to poor working conditions, low pay, and respiratory diseases. Poor health is a burden on anyone's finances and lowers human productivity.
Tobacco use and production is a complex issue, especially in India. We can start solving it by becoming more aware.


text:
ROCK ANNOUNCE CHRIS DRISCOLL AS NEW CAPTAIN
The Rock named Chris Driscoll the new team Captain as training camp kicks off this weekend. With former Captain Jim Veltman joining Glenn Clark behind the bench this year, Driscoll will fill an important leadership role for the club this season.
An NLL veteran for sixteen years, Driscoll is entering his sixth season with the Toronto Rock. He tallied 16 points (6 goals, 10 assists) and collected 77 loose balls in all sixteen regular season games last season.
The Rock appointed Driscoll as an Assistant Captain in January 2007 alongside teammate Blaine Manning who will remain in an Assistant Captain role and forward Lewis Ratcliff was named the other Assistant Captain completing the leadership responsibilities for the Toronto Rock this season.
Manning, who has been on the Rock roster since 2002, tallied and impressive 74 points (30 goals, 44 assists) last season.
Acquired by the Rock mid-season last year from the Calgary Roughnecks, Lewis Ratcliff scored 13 goals and recorded 15 assists in just five games with Toronto.


text:
Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization
Iris Levin, Jacob Cohen, Lia Supino-Rosin, Akihiko Yoshimura, Stephanie S. Watowich, Drorit Neumann
Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes the viability, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian erythroid progenitor cells via its specific cell surface receptor. The EPO receptor (EPO-R) is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily and is comprised of one identified subunit which homodimerizes upon ligand binding. To study the role of the intracellular domain of the EPO-R in the endocytosis of EPO, we compared the rate and extent of 125I-EPO endocytosis by mild type (wt) EPO-R and five cytoplasmically truncated EPO-Rs: 1-251 EPO-R, 1-257 EPO-R, 1-267 EPO-R, 1-276 EPO-R and 1-306 EPO-R which contain 4, 10, 20, 29 or 59 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain, respectively. We also studied an EPO-R mutant (PB) which lacks amino acid residues 281-300 of the cytoplasmic domain. The experiments were conducted in COS 7 cells transfected with the EPO-R cDNAs and in Ba/F3 cells stably expressing the wt EPO-R, 1-251 or 1-257 EPO-R. Cells expressing wt EPO-R, PB EPO-R (Δ281-300), 1-276 EPO-R or 1-306 EPO-R internalized approximately 50% of 125I-EPO bound to the cell surface, while cells expressing 1-251, 1-257 or 1-267 EPO-R internalized only 25% of the bound 1251-EPO. The steady-state expression levels of these latter receptors on the cell surface were typically 2-5-fold higher than wt EPO-R. Our data indicate that amino acid residues 267-276 (FEGLFTTHK) of the EPO-R cytoplasmic domain may have a role in receptor internalization. Metabolic labeling experiments suggest that in transiently transfected COS 7 cells most of the wt EPO-R and 1-257 EPO-Rs do not exit the ER and may be degraded there. The half-life or both receptors was essentially similar and was in the range of 1 h. In Ba/F3 cells the mature Golgi processed 1-257 EPO-R was more stable than the corresponding form of the wt EPO-R, possibly contributing to its higher cell surface expression.
生物理学
構造生物学
遺伝学
「Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
Erythropoietin Chemical Compounds 100%
Erythropoietin Receptors Medicine & Life Sciences 98%
Amino-Acid Residue Chemical Compounds 31%
Reaction Half Life Chemical Compounds 16%
Metabolic Chemical Compounds 14%
Acid Chemical Compounds 6%
COS Cells Medicine & Life Sciences 5%
Levin, I., Cohen, J., Supino-Rosin, L., Yoshimura, A., Watowich, S. S., & Neumann, D. (1998). Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization. FEBS Letters, 427(2), 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00414-1
Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization. / Levin, Iris; Cohen, Jacob; Supino-Rosin, Lia その他.
In: FEBS Letters, Vol. 427, No. 2, 08.05.1998, p. 164-170.
Levin, I, Cohen, J, Supino-Rosin, L, Yoshimura, A, Watowich, SS & Neumann, D 1998, 'Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization', FEBS Letters, vol. 427, no. 2, pp. 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00414-1
Levin I, Cohen J, Supino-Rosin L, Yoshimura A, Watowich SS, Neumann D. Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization. FEBS Letters. 1998 5月 8;427(2):164-170. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00414-1
Levin, Iris ; Cohen, Jacob ; Supino-Rosin, Lia その他. / Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization. In: FEBS Letters. 1998 ; Vol. 427, No. 2. pp. 164-170.
@article{e22d8febeb32443fb8735ade2ead4cc3,
title = "Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization",
abstract = "Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes the viability, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian erythroid progenitor cells via its specific cell surface receptor. The EPO receptor (EPO-R) is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily and is comprised of one identified subunit which homodimerizes upon ligand binding. To study the role of the intracellular domain of the EPO-R in the endocytosis of EPO, we compared the rate and extent of 125I-EPO endocytosis by mild type (wt) EPO-R and five cytoplasmically truncated EPO-Rs: 1-251 EPO-R, 1-257 EPO-R, 1-267 EPO-R, 1-276 EPO-R and 1-306 EPO-R which contain 4, 10, 20, 29 or 59 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain, respectively. We also studied an EPO-R mutant (PB) which lacks amino acid residues 281-300 of the cytoplasmic domain. The experiments were conducted in COS 7 cells transfected with the EPO-R cDNAs and in Ba/F3 cells stably expressing the wt EPO-R, 1-251 or 1-257 EPO-R. Cells expressing wt EPO-R, PB EPO-R (Δ281-300), 1-276 EPO-R or 1-306 EPO-R internalized approximately 50% of 125I-EPO bound to the cell surface, while cells expressing 1-251, 1-257 or 1-267 EPO-R internalized only 25% of the bound 1251-EPO. The steady-state expression levels of these latter receptors on the cell surface were typically 2-5-fold higher than wt EPO-R. Our data indicate that amino acid residues 267-276 (FEGLFTTHK) of the EPO-R cytoplasmic domain may have a role in receptor internalization. Metabolic labeling experiments suggest that in transiently transfected COS 7 cells most of the wt EPO-R and 1-257 EPO-Rs do not exit the ER and may be degraded there. The half-life or both receptors was essentially similar and was in the range of 1 h. In Ba/F3 cells the mature Golgi processed 1-257 EPO-R was more stable than the corresponding form of the wt EPO-R, possibly contributing to its higher cell surface expression.",
keywords = "Endocytosis, Erythropoietin, Erythropoietin receptor",
author = "Iris Levin and Jacob Cohen and Lia Supino-Rosin and Akihiko Yoshimura and Watowich, {Stephanie S.} and Drorit Neumann",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Dr. J. Ihle for kindly providing the cDNA of PB (Δ281–300), Ms. Hideko Ohgusu for the preparation of 1–267 EPO-R and Profs. Yoav Henis and Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg for critically reviewing the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science, Israel, within the corporation program with the Science and Technology of Japan, by grants from the Israel Science Foundation administered by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Israel Cancer Research Fund (RCDA), and the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology to D.N. and by a grant-in-aid from the American Heart Association, Texas Affiliate, Inc. (#96G-1616) to S.S.W. This work was performed in partial fulfillment of the requirements of an M.Sc. degree for I.L. and of Ph.D. degrees for J.C. and L.S.-R. ",
journal = "FEBS Letters",
T1 - Identification of a cytoplasmic motif in the erythropoietin receptor required for receptor internalization
AU - Levin, Iris
AU - Cohen, Jacob
AU - Supino-Rosin, Lia
AU - Yoshimura, Akihiko
AU - Watowich, Stephanie S.
AU - Neumann, Drorit
N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. J. Ihle for kindly providing the cDNA of PB (Δ281–300), Ms. Hideko Ohgusu for the preparation of 1–267 EPO-R and Profs. Yoav Henis and Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg for critically reviewing the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science, Israel, within the corporation program with the Science and Technology of Japan, by grants from the Israel Science Foundation administered by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Israel Cancer Research Fund (RCDA), and the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology to D.N. and by a grant-in-aid from the American Heart Association, Texas Affiliate, Inc. (#96G-1616) to S.S.W. This work was performed in partial fulfillment of the requirements of an M.Sc. degree for I.L. and of Ph.D. degrees for J.C. and L.S.-R.
N2 - Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes the viability, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian erythroid progenitor cells via its specific cell surface receptor. The EPO receptor (EPO-R) is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily and is comprised of one identified subunit which homodimerizes upon ligand binding. To study the role of the intracellular domain of the EPO-R in the endocytosis of EPO, we compared the rate and extent of 125I-EPO endocytosis by mild type (wt) EPO-R and five cytoplasmically truncated EPO-Rs: 1-251 EPO-R, 1-257 EPO-R, 1-267 EPO-R, 1-276 EPO-R and 1-306 EPO-R which contain 4, 10, 20, 29 or 59 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain, respectively. We also studied an EPO-R mutant (PB) which lacks amino acid residues 281-300 of the cytoplasmic domain. The experiments were conducted in COS 7 cells transfected with the EPO-R cDNAs and in Ba/F3 cells stably expressing the wt EPO-R, 1-251 or 1-257 EPO-R. Cells expressing wt EPO-R, PB EPO-R (Δ281-300), 1-276 EPO-R or 1-306 EPO-R internalized approximately 50% of 125I-EPO bound to the cell surface, while cells expressing 1-251, 1-257 or 1-267 EPO-R internalized only 25% of the bound 1251-EPO. The steady-state expression levels of these latter receptors on the cell surface were typically 2-5-fold higher than wt EPO-R. Our data indicate that amino acid residues 267-276 (FEGLFTTHK) of the EPO-R cytoplasmic domain may have a role in receptor internalization. Metabolic labeling experiments suggest that in transiently transfected COS 7 cells most of the wt EPO-R and 1-257 EPO-Rs do not exit the ER and may be degraded there. The half-life or both receptors was essentially similar and was in the range of 1 h. In Ba/F3 cells the mature Golgi processed 1-257 EPO-R was more stable than the corresponding form of the wt EPO-R, possibly contributing to its higher cell surface expression.
AB - Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes the viability, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian erythroid progenitor cells via its specific cell surface receptor. The EPO receptor (EPO-R) is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily and is comprised of one identified subunit which homodimerizes upon ligand binding. To study the role of the intracellular domain of the EPO-R in the endocytosis of EPO, we compared the rate and extent of 125I-EPO endocytosis by mild type (wt) EPO-R and five cytoplasmically truncated EPO-Rs: 1-251 EPO-R, 1-257 EPO-R, 1-267 EPO-R, 1-276 EPO-R and 1-306 EPO-R which contain 4, 10, 20, 29 or 59 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain, respectively. We also studied an EPO-R mutant (PB) which lacks amino acid residues 281-300 of the cytoplasmic domain. The experiments were conducted in COS 7 cells transfected with the EPO-R cDNAs and in Ba/F3 cells stably expressing the wt EPO-R, 1-251 or 1-257 EPO-R. Cells expressing wt EPO-R, PB EPO-R (Δ281-300), 1-276 EPO-R or 1-306 EPO-R internalized approximately 50% of 125I-EPO bound to the cell surface, while cells expressing 1-251, 1-257 or 1-267 EPO-R internalized only 25% of the bound 1251-EPO. The steady-state expression levels of these latter receptors on the cell surface were typically 2-5-fold higher than wt EPO-R. Our data indicate that amino acid residues 267-276 (FEGLFTTHK) of the EPO-R cytoplasmic domain may have a role in receptor internalization. Metabolic labeling experiments suggest that in transiently transfected COS 7 cells most of the wt EPO-R and 1-257 EPO-Rs do not exit the ER and may be degraded there. The half-life or both receptors was essentially similar and was in the range of 1 h. In Ba/F3 cells the mature Golgi processed 1-257 EPO-R was more stable than the corresponding form of the wt EPO-R, possibly contributing to its higher cell surface expression.
KW - Endocytosis
KW - Erythropoietin
KW - Erythropoietin receptor
JO - FEBS Letters
JF - FEBS Letters


text:
State test scores will no longer be required when evaluating Indiana teachers
Hope Shrum
TheStatehouseFile.com
INDIANAPOLIS — Indiana schools are no longer required by law to use state test scores when annually evaluating teacher performances.
The new law, House Enrolled Act 1002, went into effect July 1 and marks a significant departure from past mandates on how teachers should be evaluated.
In 2011, Indiana lawmakers joined in a national education reform movement and implemented a new policy that ordered test scores make up a significant portion of teacher evaluations. Some argued the 2011 change put more pressure on educators to teach to the test.
After the policy changes in 2011, the Indiana Department of Education released an evaluation rubric that districts could use, though it wasn't required. This rubric noted math and English Language Arts teachers in fourth through eighth grade would have 20% or 35% of their evaluations based on their students' test scores.
During the 2020 legislative session, the Indiana General Assembly reviewed this rule and determined schools should not have to build their teacher evaluation plans around tests. But districts can choose to keep them as part of teacher assessments if they choose.
This new teacher evaluation legislation arrived after a teacher shortage that's lasted several years in Indiana and amid ongoing concerns about whether low state test scores accurately reflect students' knowledge. Both challenges, over time, led to strained support for the 2011 policy.
Education advocates argued the 2011 law was detrimental for teachers, whose pay is tied to whether they earn a top rating when evaluated.
Educators have argued that state test scores aren't a fair way to judge a teacher's effectiveness because it has been shown that outside factors such as race and poverty have an effect on test scores as well.
Students in the third through eighth grade take both the math and English Language Arts portions of the state's new ILEARN test. After only one-third of them passed both portions in 2019, lawmakers decided in February to not hold schools accountable for the low scores for two years in an effort to protect teachers and their schools.
The low scores could have negatively affected a school's overall letter grade rating by the state, for example, which would have impacted teacher evaluations, and ultimately, their pay.
Now that teacher evaluations do not have to legally be affected by test scores, districts can create new evaluation templates that are primarily based on principals' observations and teachers' progress toward meeting yearly goals set by their schools.
House Enrolled Act 1002 passed through the House of Representatives unanimously, and when the legislation was read to the Senate, only Sen. Dennis Kruse, R-Auburn voted against it.
Kruse authored the 2011 law that originally changed how teachers are evaluated. He declined an interview request to explain why he opposed the new legislation.
While Kruse was the only state senator to not approve the law, he is not alone in opposing it. Groups including the National Council on Teacher Quality, or NCTQ, have opposed the legislation since it was introduced in January.
The organization stands by the idea that standardized tests offer an objective way to measure student learning and therefore increase the validity of formal teacher evaluations.
In an email statement, NCTQ President Kate Walsh said HEA 1002 walks away from almost a decade of progress the state's schools and districts have made to improve teacher quality.
"Removing the requirement to consider objective measures of student learning in teacher evaluations is a step backwards for Indiana's teachers and students," Walsh said.


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