"USFS" redirects here. For the figure skating organization, see U.S. Figure Skating. For the other U.S. Government branch, see United States Foreign Service.
This article is about a division of the United States Department of Agriculture. For agriculture extensions in general, see Agricultural extension.
The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass 193 million acres (780,000 km2). Major divisions of the agency include the National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations, and the Research and Development branch. Managing approximately 25% of federal lands, it is the only major national land agency that is outside the U.S. Department of the Interior.
The concept of the National Forests was born from Theodore Roosevelt's conservation group, Boone and Crockett Club, due to concerns regarding Yellowstone National Park beginning as early as 1875. In 1876, Congress formed the office of Special Agent in the Department of Agriculture to assess the quality and conditions of forests in the United States. Franklin B. Hough was appointed the head of the office. In 1881, the office was expanded into the newly formed Division of Forestry. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 authorized withdrawing land from the public domain as "forest reserves," managed by the Department of the Interior. In 1901, the Division of Forestry was renamed the Bureau of Forestry. The Transfer Act of 1905 transferred the management of forest reserves from the General Land Office of the Interior Department to the Bureau of Forestry, henceforth known as the United States Forest Service. Gifford Pinchot was the first United States Chief Forester in the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt.
Significant federal legislation affecting the Forest Service includes the Weeks Act of 1911, the Multiple Use – Sustained Yield Act of 1960, P.L. 86-517; the Wilderness Act, P.L. 88-577; the National Forest Management Act, P.L. 94-588; the National Environmental Policy Act, P.L. 91-190; the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act, P.L. 95-313; and the Forest and Rangelands Renewable Resources Planning Act, P.L. 95-307.
In February 2009, the Government Accountability Office evaluated whether the Forest Service should be moved from the Department of Agriculture to the Department of the Interior, which already includes the National Park Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management, managing some 438,000,000 acres (1,770,000 km2) of public land.
The Forest Products Laboratory, in Madison, Wisconsin.
The Forest Service Research and Development deputy area includes five research stations, the Forest Products Laboratory, and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, in Puerto Rico. Station directors, like regional foresters, report to the Chief. Research stations include Northern, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, Rocky Mountain, and Southern. There are 92 research work units located at 67 sites throughout the United States. there are 80 Experimental Forests and Ranges that have been established progressively since 1908; many sites are more than 50 years old. The system provides places for long-term science and management studies in major vegetation types of the 195 million acres (790,000 km2) of public land administered by the Forest Service. Individual sites range from 47 to 22,500 ha in size.
Northern Region: based in Missoula, Montana, the Northern Region (R1) covers six states (Montana, Northern Idaho, North Dakota, Northwestern South Dakota, Northeast Washington, and Northwest Wyoming), twelve National Forests and one National Grassland.
Rocky Mountain: based in Golden, Colorado, the Rocky Mountain Region (R2) covers five states (Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas and most of Wyoming and South Dakota), sixteen National Forests and seven National Grasslands.
Southwestern: based in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the Southwestern Region (R3) covers two states (New Mexico and Arizona) and eleven National Forests.
Intermountain: based in Ogden, Utah, the Intermountain Region (R4) covers four states (Southern Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Western Wyoming), twelve national forests.
Pacific Southwest: based in Vallejo, California, The Pacific Southwest Region (R5) covers two states (California and Hawaii), eighteen National Forests and one Management Unit.
Pacific Northwest: based in Portland, Oregon the Pacific Northwest Region (R6) covers two states (Washington and Oregon), seventeen National Forests and one National Scenic Area.
Southern: based in Atlanta, Georgia, the Southern Region (R8) covers thirteen states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Oklahoma and Virginia; and Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands), and thirty-four National Forests.
Eastern: based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the Eastern Region (R9) covers twenty states (Maine, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Indiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Delaware, and New Jersey), seventeen National Forests, one Grassland and America's Outdoors Center for Conservation, Recreation, and Resources.
Alaska: based in Juneau, Alaska, the Alaska Region (R10) covers one state (Alaska), and two National Forests.
The U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement & Investigations unit (LEI), headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a federal law enforcement agency of the U.S. government. It is responsible for enforcement of federal laws and regulations governing national forest lands and resources. All Law Enforcement Officers and Special Agents Receive their training through Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC).
Uniformed Law Enforcement Officers (LEOs) enforce federal laws and regulations governing national forest lands and resources. LEOs also enforce some or all state laws on National Forest Lands. As part of that mission, LEOs carry firearms, defensive equipment, make arrests, execute search warrants, complete reports, and testify in court. They establish a regular and recurring presence on a vast amount of public lands, roads, and recreation sites. The primary focus of their jobs is the protection of natural resources, protection of Forest Service employees and the protection of visitors. To cover the vast and varied terrain under their jurisdiction, they use Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors, special service SUVs, horses, K-9 units, helicopters, snowmobiles, dirt bikes, and boats.
Special Agents are criminal investigators who plan and conduct investigations concerning possible violations of criminal and administrative provisions of the Forest Service and other statutes under the United States Code. Special agents are normally plainclothes officers who carry concealed firearms, and other defensive equipment, make arrests, carry out complex criminal investigations, present cases for prosecution to U.S. Attorneys, and prepare investigative reports. All field agents are required to travel a great deal and usually maintain a case load of ten to fifteen ongoing criminal investigations at one time. Criminal investigators occasionally conduct internal and civil claim investigations.
Forest Service team uses a 106 mm Recoilless Rifle for avalanche control at Mammoth Mountain in the Inyo National Forest in California. Note the Minarets in background.
The 193 million acres (780,000 km2) of public land that are managed as national forests and grasslands are collectively known as the National Forest System. These lands are located in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands and comprise about 9% of the total land area in the United States. The lands are organized into 155 national forests and 20 national grasslands. The mission of the National Forest System is to protect and manage the forest lands so they best demonstrate the sustainable multiple-use management concept, using an ecological approach, to meet the diverse needs of people.
The research and development (R&D) arm of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service works to improve the health and use of the United States' forests and grasslands. Research has been part of the Forest Service mission since the agency's inception in 1905. Today, Forest Service researchers work in a range of biological, physical, and social science fields to promote sustainable management of United States' diverse forests and rangelands. Research employs about 550 scientists and several hundred technical and support staff, located at 67 sites throughout the United States and in Puerto Rico. Discovery and technology development and transfer is carried out through seven research stations.
Research focuses on informing policy and land management decisions and includes addressing invasive insects, degraded river ecosystems, or sustainable ways to harvest forest products. The researchers work independently and with a range of partners, including other agencies, academia, nonprofit groups, and industry. The information and technology produced through basic and applied science programs is available to the public for its benefit and use.
In addition to the Research Stations, the USFS R&D branch also leads several National Centers such as the National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation.
The Forest Service plays a key role in formulating policy and coordinating U.S. support for the protection and sound management of the world's forest resources. It works closely with other agencies such as USAID, the State Department, and the Environmental Protection Agency, as well as with nonprofit development organizations, wildlife organizations, universities, and international assistance organizations. The Forest Service's international work serves to link people and communities striving to protect and manage forests throughout the world. The program also promotes sustainable land management overseas and brings important technologies and innovations back to the United States. The program focuses on conserving key natural resource in cooperation with countries across the world.
Although a large volume of timber is logged every year, not all National Forests are entirely forested. There are tidewater glaciers in the Tongass National Forest in Alaska and ski areas such as Alta, Utah in the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. In addition, the Forest Service is responsible for managing National Grasslands in the midwest. Furthermore, areas designated as wilderness by acts of Congress, prohibit logging, mining, road and building construction and land leases for purposes of farming and or livestock grazing.
Since 1978, several Presidents have directed the USFS to administer National Monuments inside of preexisting National Forests.
The Forest Service also manages Grey Towers National Historic Site in Milford, Pennsylvania, the home and estate of its first Chief, Gifford Pinchot.
The iconic collie's association with the Forest Service led to Lassie receiving numerous awards and citations from the U.S. Senate and the Department of Agriculture, and was partly responsible for a bill regarding soil and water pollution that was signed into law in early 1968 by President Lyndon Johnson, which was dubbed by some as "The Lassie Program".
The history of the Forest Service has been fraught with controversy, as various interests and national values have grappled with the appropriate management of the many resources within the forests. These values and resources include grazing, timber, mining, recreation, wildlife habitat, and wilderness. Because of continuing development elsewhere, the large size of National Forests have made them de facto wildlife reserves for a number of rare and common species. In recent decades, the importance of mature forest for the spotted owl and a number of other species led to great changes in timber harvest levels.
^ a b "Fiscal Year 2016 Budget Overview" (PDF). USFS. p. 2. Retrieved 2015-08-17.
^ "Office of the Chief". Agency Leadership. US Forest Service.
^ "By the Numbers | US Forest Service". www.fs.fed.us. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
^ a b This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Forest Service document "Agency Organization".
^ a b General Accounting Office (February 11, 2009). "Federal Land Management: Observations on a Possible Move of the Forest Service into the Department of the Interior".
^ Sheldon, William G. "History of the Boone and Crockett Club Pg 64-80". Scholar Works, University of Montana. Boone and Crockett Club. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ a b c d "The U.S. Forest Service - An Overview" (PDF). U.S. Forest Service.
^ Heinrich, Bernd (December 20, 2009). "Clear-Cutting the Truth About Trees". The New York Times. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
^ "Western States Data Public Land Acreage". wildlandfire.com. Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
^ "The Story of Smokey Bear". United States Forest Service. Archived from the original on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
^ Freking, Kevin. "MONEY ALLOCATED FOR FIGHTING FIRES TO RUN OUT". Associated Press. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
^ a b "Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Overview" (PDF). USFS.
^ a b "Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Overview" (PDF). USFS.
^ a b "Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Overview" (PDF). USFS.
^ a b "Lassie Television Series". That's Entertainment. 7 February 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
^ "Awards". The Lassie Network. Archived from the original on 2013-07-14. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
^ "Finding Aid for the Edmund S. Muskie Papers, Series XV: Moving images 1948-2000MC105.15". bates.edu.
^ "Taxpayers Losing Money to Loggers on U.S. Land, Forest Service Admits". Los Angeles Times. November 22, 1997. Retrieved 2009-04-03.
^ Chaney, Rob (2017-09-25). "Forest Service tried to quash paper debunking Montana wildlife authority". Missoulian. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
^ Wamsley, Laurel (14 Dec 2018). "Quoting 'The Lorax,' Court Pulls Permit For Pipeline Crossing Appalachian Trail". NPR. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
"USDA Forest Service Research Publications". Retrieved January 23, 2006.
Wildlife Crossings Toolkit The Wildlife Crossings Toolkit provides information for terrestrial biologists, engineers, and transportation professionals to assist in maintaining or restoring habitat connectivity across transportation infrastructure on public lands.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Forest Service.


APICS, the global leader and premier source of the body of knowledge in operations management, provides comprehensive education and training programs that significantly improve an individual's understanding of operations management practices, strategies, and concepts. The APICS body of knowledge consists of education, research, and standards developed by leading practitioners and academicians. Through regular expansion and refinement, the APICS body of knowledge offers the most expert, current, and relevant education to the growing operations management community.
Individuals seeking leading-edge solutions to increase their knowledge and advance their careers and organizations interested in building a skilled, innovative, and productive workforce will benefit from APICS education—the standard for excellence in operations management.
Sharpen their skills and command of operations management by taking advantage of hands-on interactive training through APICS national workshops, online classes, Webinars, and local chapter certification review courses and workshops.
Validate their knowledge and skill set in the field of operations management through internationally recognized certification programs, APICS Certified in Production and Inventory Management (CPIM) and APICS Certified in Integrated Resource Management (CIRM). Education leading to certification is delivered using APICS' proprietary courseware and time-tested study materials, including the APICS Dictionary, the global standard for terms and definitions used in the field.
Gain insight and share experiences with peers and industry experts, locally and worldwide, through daily online-community discussions, monthly chapter meetings, workshops, and the annual APICS International Conference and Exposition.
Keep abreast of industry developments through the award-winning APICS Magazine, local chapter newsletters, APICS e-News, and exclusive online resources such as news feeds, white papers, educational offerings, career listings, and virtual community interactions.
Train their employees to be better prepared, more knowledgeable, more capable, more productive, and able to contribute to a successful bottom line.
Validate their employees' operations management knowledge through support of APICS certification.
Encourage and support their employees' participation in APICS to enhance their leadership skills and professional network, which leads to greater self-confidence and improved productivity.


text:
Q: Google Analytics 4 - Measurement Protocol hits not recording I'm sending events hits to GA using the Measurement Protocol for GA4 but the hits are not getting recorded (they are showing on the GA dashboard even after waiting for more then 24 hours).
The URL I'm sending the POST request to:
https://www.google-analytics.com/mp/collect?measurement_id=G-XXXXXXXXXX&api_secret=XXXXXXXXXXXX
The JSON body:
{
    "client_id": "XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX",
    "events": [
        {
            "name": "add_to_cart",
            "params": {
                "value": 50,
                "currency": "USD",
                "items": [
                    {
                        "item_id": "ITEM-SKU-001",
                        "item_name": "Product Name",
                        "item_variant": "Product Name",
                        "currency": "USD",
                        "price": "50",
                        "quantity": 1
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}

The "client_id" is the value of the _ga cookie with "GA1.1." removed.
The above request returns an empty response body and a 204 http status code.
When I send the hit to the debug URL, I get the http status code 200 and the response body as:
{
    "validationMessages": []
}

What am I doing wrong?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
// RemoveBaseClassAction.cpp: implementation of the CRemoveBaseClassAction class.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Impact.h"
#include "ImpactCtl.h"
#include "RemoveBaseClassAction.h"

#include "SelectorDlg.h"
#include "AttributesQueryResult.h"

#ifdef _DEBUG
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[]=__FILE__;
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#endif

IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CRemoveBaseClassAction, CImpactAction)
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Construction/Destruction
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CRemoveBaseClassAction::CRemoveBaseClassAction() :
	CImpactAction(CString("Remove Base Class"),NULL,true)
{
}

CRemoveBaseClassAction::CRemoveBaseClassAction(CImpactCtrl* pCtrl,TAcomplishedHash* pRemovedClasesHash) :
	CImpactAction(CString("Remove Base Class"),pCtrl,true)
{
	m_pHash = pRemovedClasesHash;
}

CRemoveBaseClassAction::~CRemoveBaseClassAction()
{

}

bool CRemoveBaseClassAction::ActionPerformed(CEntity* pEntity) {
	CString command;
	CString results;
	bool bRes = false;
	if(CImpactAction::ActionPerformed(pEntity)==true) {
		CString id = PrepareQuery(pEntity->GetEtag());

		SetWait(true);
        command = "printformat \"%s\t%s\" name etag; set BASE_CLASSES [";
        if(pEntity->GetLanguage().CompareNoCase("JAVA")==0) {
        	command += "sort [filter name!=\"Object\" [get_super_classes " + id + "]]";
        } else {
        	command += "sort [get_super_classes " + id + "]";
        }
		command += "]";
		results = m_pCtrl->ExecCommand(command);
		results = m_pCtrl->ExecPrint(CString("print $BASE_CLASSES"));

		CAttributesQueryResult* pClasses = new CAttributesQueryResult();
		pClasses->parse(results);

		TActionDataList* pList = NULL;
		if(m_pHash!=NULL &&
			m_pHash->Lookup(pEntity->GetEtag(),pList)) {
			POSITION ArgsPos = pClasses->getStartPos();
			POSITION removedPos = pList->GetHeadPosition();
			while(removedPos!=NULL) {
				CActionData* pData = (CActionData*)pList->GetNext(removedPos);
				POSITION fieldPos = pClasses->find(*pData->m_pszDataTag,1);
				if(fieldPos!=NULL) {
					TRecord* pRec = pClasses->get(fieldPos);
					pClasses->remove(pRec);
					delete pRec;
				}
			}
		}
		SetWait(false);

		if(pClasses->getRecordsCount()!=0) {
			CSelectorDlg dlg(CString("Remove Base Class"),CString("Base Class"),m_pCtrl);
			dlg.SetQueryResults(pClasses);

			int nRes = dlg.DoModal();

			if(nRes == IDOK) {
				CString szClassName = dlg.GetSelection();
				CString szClassTag = dlg.GetSelectionTag();

				CString description = GetName();
				description += " " + szClassName;
				SetDescription(description);

				command = "Impact:RemoveBaseClass " + PrepareQuery(pEntity->GetEtag()) + " " + PrepareQuery(szClassTag);

				results = m_pCtrl->ExecPrint(command);

				ParseResult(results);

				if(m_pHash!=NULL) {
					if(pList == NULL) {
						pList = new TActionDataList();
						(*m_pHash)[pEntity->GetEtag()] = pList;
					}

					CActionData* pData = new CActionData(new CString(pEntity->GetEtag()),new CString(szClassTag));
					pList->AddTail(pData);
					SetData(pData);

					bRes = true;
				} else
					bRes = false;
			}
		} else
			m_pCtrl->MessageBox("Nothing to remove.","Warning",MB_OK|MB_ICONWARNING);
		delete pClasses;
	}
	SetExecuted(bRes);
	return bRes;
}

void CRemoveBaseClassAction::Undo() {
	CActionData* pData = GetData();
	SetData(NULL);

	TActionDataList* pList = NULL;
	if(m_pHash!=NULL &&
		m_pHash->Lookup(*pData->m_pszEntityTag,pList)) {
		POSITION pos = pList->Find(pData);
		if(pos != NULL)
			pList->RemoveAt(pos);
	}
	delete pData;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Movie director Ridley Scott says he is confident of finishing reshoots on "All the Money in the World" in time for its planned December release after a scramble to replace actor Kevin Spacey because of sexual misconduct allegations.
Scott told Entertainment Weekly in an on-set interview that work on the Sony Pictures movie "All the Money in the World" was near completion after a nine day emergency reshoot in Rome and London.
"They're going to see it. I may have to do a couple of technical things to make it land completely technically, but it's really already done... I've done it," Scott said in the interview published on Wednesday.
In an extraordinary move, Scott announced on Nov. 8 that he was removing Spacey entirely from the film and reshooting his scenes with Christopher Plummer in the role of late U.S. oil tycoon Jean Paul Getty. The movie is due to open in movie theaters as scheduled on Dec. 22.
Scott's decision followed claims of sexual misconduct against Spacey by multiple men. Spacey issued an apology for the first reported incident, involving actor Anthony Rapp. Reuters could not independently confirm the allegations.
The British film director said he decided to reshoot Spacey's scenes because he feared the publicity would damage the film, which was seen as a potential Hollywood awards season contender.
"We cannot let one person's actions affect the good work of all these other people," Scott told Entertainment Weekly.
Hollywood trade paper Variety has reported that re-shoot would cost about $10 million - one quarter of the already $40 million production budget for "All the Money in the World." Sony Pictures has declined to comment on costs.
Asked for the movie studio's reaction to his decision, Scott replied.
"They were like, 'You'll never do it. God be with you'," he laughed.


text:
HBO Is Proud To Announce The Next Mayor Of New York City: Alec Baldwin
All right, Baldwin, follow your heart. Hard Equations And Rational Thinking.
By Meredith Borders Mar. 06, 2015
Alec Baldwin's a jerk, but he makes for great TV, so it's good news that this jerk is headlining his own HBO "House of Cards-style drama" in which he'll play the mayor of New York.
The series is as yet untitled, but the pilot will be written by a person (?) named Wells Tower, and Baldwin will executive produce alongside Closer and The Player's Cary Brokaw. Here's the synopsis:
Baldwin will play Joe Byrne, a billionaire real estate developer philanthropist, and celebrated socialite/tabloid fixture, who is unexpectedly rocketed into NYC politics when tragedy strikes the incumbent mayor and he is drafted to replace him.
[...] Baldwin, who has mulled a possible move into real politics, will play a larger-than-life divorced entrepreneur whose burst into the political spotlight is made interesting by his appetite for women and a dark past.
So what does "House of Cards-style" mean? Evidently it will be dark, but not as dark, as David Fincher's political Netflix series, and the tone is intended to hit "the lightest and most entertaining episodes of The Sopranos."
There are a million more words about this thing at the below Deadline link, but you get the gist. Into it? I think I am.
Open Thread: Let's Discuss THE OUTSIDER's "Dark Uncle"
Adam McKay And HBO To Spread Climate Anxiety Across THE UNINHABITABLE EARTH
GAME OF THRONES: HOUSE OF THE DRAGON To Conquer Screens In 2022
Meredith Borders Editorial Director
Meredith is the Editorial Director of BIRTH.MOVIES.DEATH. and the Alamo Drafthouse, and the Social Media Director for Fantastic Fest. She loves SMALLVILLE, and she's through apologizing for it.
By Britt Hayes, Jan 20, 2020
Holly Gibney gets one hell of an introduction.
By Andrew Todd, Jan 16, 2020
Get ready for the deep grief of "species loneliness."
By JM Mutore, Jan 15, 2020
The year 2022 can either come too soon or not soon enough.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The merchandise at issue in this protest is described as replacement parts for "Bratmax", a vegetable slicer. The "Bratmax" has been described as a hand-held plastic kitchenware article 9½ inches long by 4½ inches wide with an adjustable stainless steel blade to slice thick or thin pieces of vegetables. It is stated to be used for cucumbers, onions, cabbage and the like. Included in the entry were the hash brown grater, the 10 mm insert, and the vegetable slicer set.
You classified these articles in subheading 8205.51.3030, HTSUS, the provision for "Handtools...not elsewhere specified or included;...base metal parts thereof: Other handtools...and parts thereof: Household tools, and parts thereof: Other" dutiable at 4 percent ad valorem (1998).
The protestant claims classification in subheading 3924.10.5000, HTSUS, the provision for "Tableware, kitchenware, other household articles and toilet articles, of plastics; Tableware and kitchenware: Other" dutiable at 3.4 percent ad valorem (1998).
Whether the Bratmax parts are classified within heading 8205 HTSUS, the provision for handtools, not elsewhere specified or included and base metal parts thereof or within heading 3924, as other household articles of plastics.
The General Rules of Interpretation (GRIs) taken in their appropriate order provide a framework for classification of merchandise under the HTSUS. Most imported goods are classified by application of GRI 1, that is, according to the terms of the headings of the tariff schedule and any relative section or chapter notes. In the event that the goods cannot be classified solely on the basis of GRI 1, and if the headings and legal notes do not otherwise require, the remaining GRIs may then be applied. The Explanatory Notes (ENs) to the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, which represent the official interpretation of the tariff at the international level, facilitate classification under the HTSUS by offering guidance in understanding the scope of the headings and GRIs.
Inasmuch as the merchandise under consideration herein is a handtool that has a blade or grinder of metal, it would be classified in heading 8205, HTSUS, according to GRI 1. Because this provision completely describes the entire article, it is not necessary to consider the potential applicability of heading 3924, HTSUS. If the article were wholly of plastic and therefore lacked a metal blade or working surface, it would not qualify for heading 8205, and might qualify for heading 3924.
The protest should be DENIED.


My sisters and I had lunch at News Cafe which is a contemporary cafe/bar chain with an upbeat vibe and an amazing ambiance.
The waitress who served us was quick and surprisingly had a smile the whole time she catered to us, which is quite rare with most service people in Nairobi.
Shortly after our food arrived. I had their barbeque wings, my younger sister had shrimps and the other had chicken breast stuffed with cheese. The food was mouth-watering and portions were fairly on point as you can all see.
On our way out, I took this shot of the front seating area which is more of a lounge for the internet and coffee lovers. It blew my mind.
Thanks for reading my post and I hope y'all enjoyed it!! That's a picture of my sister (left) and I. Have a lovely weekend!!
Hi missirmah. Hope you had a great time looks a nice place the food always so scrumptious! Thank you for liking my poems "Awoke & Warnings!" Peaceful Wishes. TheFoureyedPoet.


Very stable and goes fast even with an electric trolling motor.
Please note that Mini Cat type of boats are not designed to be sport racers. They do not have sponsors or fiberglass wings as XCAT type of racing boats.
3 in 1 Auto Emergency LED Flash Light.
Built in Seat Belt Cutter and Window Punch with Pouch.
Spot / Flood Combo with a 50,000+ Hr LED Lifespan.
Light bar includes plug and play wiring harness.
Powder coated steel mount kit includes instructions and all necessary mounting hardware.
Description: This goldbio-collagen eye mask can effectively relieves chronic fatigue and diminishes the formation of fine lines, wrinkles, crow-feet lines around the eye area, minimizing eye-bags and fades dark circles remarkably. Collagen synthesis is activated due to better cellular metabolism and blood circulation around the eye tissues, improves elasticity and firmness, bringing you a youthful and radiant pair of alluring eyes.
Directions: · Wash your face and eyes with warm water. · Open the package and take out the mask and apply under your eye area, or any where you want. · Gently press the mask to create a snug fit and leave it on for 20 minutes or more. · Remove the mask and clean with water. · Recommended to be used by all skin type and best time to use this eye mask is before sleep or during resting.
Cautions: · For external use only. · Avoid direct eye contact. · If any skin discomfort, discontinue use it. · Keep out the reach of children.
Transistors (including Darlingtons and "digital" transistors), Silicon and Germanium types. Measures gain, VBE and leakage.
MOSFETs, enhancement mode and depletion mode types. Measure on-threshold (at 5mA) and approx transconductance (for span of 3mA-5mA).
IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors). Measures on-threshold (at 5mA).
LEDs and bicolour LEDs (2 lead and 3 lead types).
All curve-tracing data can be instantly pasted into Excel© for further graphing and analysis.
PC Software is included with the DCA Pro on a Peak USB memory stick.
Software designed for Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8 (automatically runs in Desktop Mode).
PC Software on USB Flash Drive (512MB).
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No matter what your horse is doing beneath you, pilates helps to keep your core muscles strong which will improve your balance.
Most exercises begin at the same starting point, called Relaxation Position.
Lie on your back with your feet hip-width apart and parallel, feet flat on the floor, knees raised.
Find a position where your pelvis and spine are in a neutral position – pelvis not tipped forwards or back, but in the middle, with hip bones parallel to the ceiling and your spine with all its natural curves, not flattened into the mat.
Draw up your pelvic floor muscles from the back to the front (it may help if you think of them as the muscles you would use to stop urinating mid-flow).
Engage your abdominal muscles, found by imagining you are taking your tummy button through to your back.
Engaging your core muscles does not mean bracing. That is why pilates movements are executed as you breathe out.
If tense, a rider's posture will change, become protective, closed and hunched and their breathing becomes rapid and shallow.
By taking deep, wide breaths into the ribcage, it slows your breathing and allows your body to move freely and without tension, filling the lungs with oxygen, relaxing you and, in turn, giving you more vigour and energy.
Exercises done lying on your front are essential for riders as they will involve extension, which feels blissful after hours in the saddle! Dart is one of those.
Lie on your front with your face rested on one cheek and your legs parallel, with toes touching and heels dropped out.
As you breathe out and engage your pelvic floor and abdominals, hover your head, neck and upper chest off the floor and slide your shoulder blades down your back – be careful not to brace here.
Your arms will rotate at your sides and hover off the mat.
At the same time, wrap your thighs around each other.
Breathe in as you hold that position, then go back down to the mat on the out breath. Repeat eight times.
How often do you get off your horse, arching your lower back to get some relief from the stiffness? Back pain is really common among riders and contributes to fatigue and repeated injury if left unchecked.
Abdominal muscle tone contributes to the stability of the lumbar spine. If this is weak, injuries are common. The transversus abdominis muscle acts like a corset – it wraps all the way around you at lower back level from front to back. Strengthening this muscle, in partnership with the 'six pack' muscle and the pelvic floor muscles, helps to keep the lower back protected.
A spine curl concentrates on moving each vertebrae bone by bone to help free-up your movement and make it flow, rather than move as a block.
Lie in the Relaxation Position then, on the out breath, engage your pelvic floor muscles and your abdominals, then gently start to peel off the pelvis and start to wheel through your backbone, bone by bone, until you reach shoulder-blade height.
Take an in-breath while you are up there, then on the next out-breath wheel your pelvis back down, again bone by bone, not rushing, but feeling each movement through your back. Repeat eight times.
A horse is a mirror – if your weight is unevenly distributed or if you are stronger on one side than the other, the horse will reflect this as it tries to counter-balance its load – you.
Try this simple exercise when warming up on your horse – drop your feet out of the stirrups, then lift your inner thighs and hips away from the saddle, in a 'D' shape with the right leg (backwards 'D' with left leg); then drop and stretch the leg down through the thigh which helps to lengthen your leg; open and release your hip and secure your position.
Lift your tummy, sliding your shoulder blades down your back without bracing.
Breath wide and deep, looking straight ahead and not down.
A lot of tension can be carried in the shoulders and neck.
Lie on your back in the Relaxation Position.
Make sure your shoulder blades are flat onto the mat underneath you.
Make sure you are engaged through your centre before you lift both arms above your head, palms facing.
Reach one arm up above your head and drop it down; repeat 12 times and then continue with the other arm.
You should begin to feel your shoulders and upper back releasing and any tension melting away.


text:
Topics: Technology and Innovation, Products & Services
HP Works With Microsoft to Give Businesses a Boost; Drive Seamless, Cost-effective Windows XP Transition
HP provides hardware, software and services that simplify migration and increase performance
HOUSTON — HP today announced a collaborative approach with Microsoft Corp. to help customers transition from Windows® XP to a more current version of Windows.
Microsoft's support for Windows XP is scheduled to end on April 8, 2014, and according to a recent HP survey,(1) 40 percent of business customers have not yet deployed a Windows XP alternative operating system (OS).
HP offers businesses the broadest hardware portfolio, a large specialized workforce of trained Microsoft experts and the most advanced training tools to enable a smooth and cost-effective Windows XP transition process. This is further supported by a highly effective services model and strong channel support. As a result, HP can help businesses reduce support and maintenance, increase productivity, lower IT costs, and improve protection from security threats.
"Many businesses have been avoiding the XP migration, fearing lack of compatibility and loss of productivity during the transition process," said Enrique Lores, senior vice president and general manager, Commercial PCs, HP. "HP's broad portfolio of products and services are both comprehensive and cost-effective, while HP Financial Services (HPFS) allows for minimal upfront investment, providing businesses a worry-free, simple migration from XP to a more recent Windows OS."
"We are excited about the investments HP is making to help customers adopt the benefits of a modern Windows experience," said Erwin Visser, general manager, Windows, Microsoft. "By working with a company such as HP, which has hardware and services solutions in place, businesses can almost immediately start realizing the benefits of Windows 8 and Windows 7."
HP products and services to support customer migration
To take advantage of changing work styles in a touch-enabled world, HP's new portfolio of business desktops, notebooks and all-in-ones (AiOs) is optimized for Windows 7(2) and Windows 8.(3) HP is transforming the workforce with a new style of IT with innovative devices like the HP ElitePad 900.(4) With a lightweight, stylish design and enhanced security, the HP ElitePad opens up new opportunities to realize near-term benefits from the migration.
When transitioning to a new OS, it's critical that organizations take a holistic view across hardware and software to achieve full optimization. HP's deep experience and global footprint has established HP Enterprise Services as a leader in desktop management. HP Workplace Software Management Services offer planning, staffing and automation to rapidly deploy new computers or update OS images on existing systems. Technical experts work with a business to design a migration plan that leverages automated software distribution, while localized field technical resources update existing computers and deploy new devices following OS image build, integration testing and certification. HP Enterprise Services also supports ongoing automated software patch and security signature distribution, as well as management of licenses and assets.
HP Financial Services enables qualified customers to simplify their Windows XP transition by offering minimal upfront investment and payment plans. Customers can utilize various HPFS programs that offer payment deferrals for up to 90 days, or 1 percent cash back on qualifying transactions.(5)
The migration from Windows XP to the latest Windows OS is an integral part of providing end users with a seamless, integrated and productive experience. HP Technology Services offers HP Mobility Transformation Services for Windows, providing customers with a complete range of consulting and support services for all stages of the Windows XP transition as part of their overall mobility strategy to meet the changing needs of their business.
HP Technology Services also offers HP Client Migration Services to match individual business scenarios with the right upgraded software. With this service, businesses have access to HP's large global network of training professionals.
HP also provides its channel partners the resources they need to assist their customers in the migration. Channel partners can take advantage of unique training tools, expert resources, HP PartnerONE program benefits and specialized bundles.
Enhanced productivity and benefits
Upgrading to Windows 7 helps businesses improve performance and productivity.
Businesses can halve their lost productivity costs per PC by transitioning from Windows XP.(6)
For every 230 supported PCs, a move to Windows 7 frees up the equivalent of one full-time resource.(6)
Windows 8 on certified hardware provides a considerable increase in overall platform security.
Reduced IT costs
Organizations that continue using Windows XP past April 8, 2014, may need to increase IT costs to develop software security patches to prevent breaches.(2)
By transitioning to Windows 7, businesses can reduce technical support needs by up to 70 percent per PC and save $700 annually per user from reduced support costs and power usage.(6)
Improving user interfaces and experiences
HP's full range of products that are optimized for Windows 7 and Windows 8 allows businesses to rethink the way they operate and provides the right solutions to move the business forward.
The Windows 7 and Windows 8 operating systems offer a more responsive, hassle-free and customizable experience, while maintaining security as a primary objective.
HP devices have access to around-the-clock personalized service and support.
Many new HP AiOs and displays are touch-enabled and optimized for a full Windows 8 experience capabilities.
Additional information about HP Client Migration Services and the latest HP PCs featuring Windows 7 or Windows 8 operating system is available at HP's XP Migration Services site.
(1) HP internal study by Harris Interactive, conducted April 16-22, 2013, in the United States.
(2) Not all features are in all editions of Windows 7. Systems may require upgraded and/or separately purchased hardware to take full advantage of Windows 7 functionality. Details: www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/.
(3) Not all features are available in all editions of Windows 8. Systems may require upgraded and/or separately purchased hardware, drivers and/or software to take full advantage of Windows 8 functionality. Details: www.microsoft.com.
(4) The integrated display resolution of this system is below the threshold for snapping apps, a new feature that allows two Windows apps to be viewed simultaneously side by side. This feature may be enabled by attaching an external display that supports a screen resolution of 1,366 x 768 or higher.
(5) Financing available through Hewlett-Packard Financial Services Company and its subsidiaries (HPFSC) and is subject to credit approval and execution of standard HPFSC documentation. Rates are based on a customer's credit rating, financing terms, offering types, equipment type and options. Not all customers may qualify for these rates. Not all services are available in all countries. Other restrictions may apply. HPFSC reserves the right to change or cancel this program at any time without notice.
(6) IDC White Paper, sponsored by Microsoft, "Mitigating Risk: Why Sticking with Windows XP Is a Bad Idea," May 2012.
Microsoft and Windows are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
This news release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. If such risks or uncertainties materialize or such assumptions prove incorrect, the results of HP and its consolidated subsidiaries could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and assumptions. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; any statements concerning expected development, performance, market share or competitive performance relating to products and services; any statements regarding anticipated operational and financial results; any statements of expectation or belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Risks, uncertainties and assumptions include the need to address the many challenges facing HP's businesses; the competitive pressures faced by HP's businesses; risks associated with executing HP's strategy; the impact of macroeconomic and geopolitical trends and events; the need to manage third party suppliers and the distribution of HP's products and services effectively; the protection of HP's intellectual property assets, including intellectual property licensed from third parties; risks associated with HP's international operations; the development and transition of new products and services and the enhancement of existing products and services to meet customer needs and respond to emerging technological trends; the execution and performance of contracts by HP and its suppliers, customers and partners; the hiring and retention of key employees; integration and other risks associated with business combination and investment transactions; the execution, timing and results of restructuring plans, including estimates and assumptions related to the cost and the anticipated benefits of implementing those plans; the resolution of pending investigations, claims and disputes; and other risks that are described in HP's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2013 and HP's other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including HP's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2012. HP assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-looking statements.
Mike Hockey, HP
mike.hockey@hp.com


1. Biggest success of 2007 – we were the initiating partner in creation of Central Blue Ridge Master Naturalist Chapter. (Both Betsy and I graduated in the first class of 20 people. It is already a success. It would not happen without the efforts of Michael Lachance and Charlotte Rae. Charlotte has agreed to become something of the organizational leader for the foundation contributing a few hours each week. More about that later.
2. Biggest surprise – it is a tie: receipt of two significant individual and unsolicited gifts which are being used for trail head development and birding trail development and the chairman being asked to serve on the Charlottesville Area Community Foundation Board.
3. Biggest disappointment: grant rejection by VA Department of Conservation and recreation. Propose to reapply and we may be in a far better position.
4. Biggest challenge – organizing and implementing invasive plant project to begin this spring. More than ½ dozen volunteers from Master Naturalist program. All have taken a workshop. VDOT has a commitment but no plan. They will adopt our plan if we have one. Resources include Virginia DCR, DEQ as well as VDOT, Ruth Douglas and others from Ivy Creek, books, pamphlets etc. We need a plan.
5. Biggest investment: VDOT completion of river work – field remediation from equipment compaction and stream edge planting. Also Nelson county Service Authority restoration of 40 acre pasture – you will see winter wheat growing. Spreading of biosolids has been terminated. Field requires extensive work over 12 moths to restore and balance the field to acceptable level of hay production.
6. Most exciting current project: Update of map and master planning opportunity. Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission employee, Cory Anderson, is creating a new map and has also been retained on a piece work basis by RVF. He and Charlotte will be participating in the visit by McKee Carson landscape planners from Charlottesville. If that goes well I shall ask them to make a presentation to the board. Goal: successful grant from VA DCR to be filed in January 2009 and to other grant makers in the region for such things as permanent Farmer's Market Home and community pavilion. Budget undetermined.
Completion of funded grant projects and reporting, 2007 tax reporting and various government filings; annual budget and treasures report.
Earl Swift conversation and book signing: Partnership with Nelson County Historical society, Oakland Museum. March 28 – Nelson Center; March 29 at 10 AM ELK HILL.
ELK HILL Cemetery project – VA Foundation for the Humanities grant application for $2500 in discretionary funds to cover cost of Sweet Briar College research project starting April 3.
Stream and highway clean up… Waterways and roads are adopted. Volunteers are working. Spring action item.
DEQ Rockfish monitoring workshop…late spring. We applied to be a studied site for 2008 and were successful. To partner with master gardeners and CBR Master Naturalist Chapter. Spring action item.
Starry Nights Program May 16, 17. Partnership with CBR Master Naturalist Chapter and Charlottesville Astronomical Society. Music, sing-a-log and camp fire cookout.
Camille anniversary recognition and dedication of VA Dept of Historic Resources Marker – Tuesday, August 19.
Dog Agility Park steering committee formed – to be named Louie's Place and requires a neighborhood capital fund drive for matching funds. Budget: $25,000.
People Agility station trail – after dog Agility Park; budget $15,000.
Croquet Court committee formed, court laid out, investigation continuing.
Web site update – project of Bluewall LLC. Budget – in part donated.
Undertake a county wide Environmental workshop – desired partners: Rural Nelson, Friends of Rockfish Watershed, VA Master Gardeners, Central blue Ridge Chapter VA Master Naturalist Chapter,VA Chapter The Nature Conservancy and Virginia Conservation Network.. Secure a professional facilitator, grant support. Outcomes: impact citizen awareness and channel energy for ordinance support in Nelson County. I have been asked to speak on opportunities for environmental outreach on May at the roundtable luncheon of grant makers May 6 at 11:45 PM for 20 minutes. Other part of program will be a presentation by Oak Hill Fund.
2. Create S. Rockfish Historic District to be recognized by state and federal agencies. Hope to enlist help of Bob Carter recently moved to the county, employee with VA DHR. Agency has already given verbal support.
Obtain extended Scenic River designation – to extend the area of scenic designation already given to the rockfish to include area within S. Rockfish.
Data Base building and preparation for late fall "first annual giving campaign".
Spring Fling Kite flying family day. Partnered with state and national kite flying organizations. Spring 2009.
I would also like to take this opportunity to introduce Charlotte Rea, a retired Army Colonel.. She and I became acquainted when she volunteered at the concept phase to help organize theCBR MN Chapter. We went thru the class together with her literally creating it and the chapter from A-Z. I believe if the RVF is to realize its potential we need to do two things – have a person to guide us organizationally and make sure we have the right Board of Trustees. Charlotte has agreed to attempt the former and I will be nominating Paul Davis, Chip Morgan and Hank Gibb as additional Trustees bringing the total to 12.
I firmly believe we are moving from the entrepreneurial phase of a one man show to the development phase of this organization. Our Mission is clear and our opportunity pretty good. At the meeting we will consider instituting active committees and considering goals for an annual campaign. The Foundation's 501c3 permanent public status review is Spring 2009. If only money grew on trees!


text:
This is a set of utilities that make programming in Brainfuck easier.  Most of the code was put together in a few hours for the sake of [this presentation](https://goo.gl/8Ok435), so it isn't pretty.

Try it out [here](https://pimlu.github.io/bfutil/).

See the presentation I made it for [here](https://goo.gl/8Ok435).

Here's an example program it can process:

```
;initialize variables
@setn(i, 26)
@setc(letter, a)
@setc(LETTER, A)
@setn(even, 1)

;while we have letters to print
@whi(i)
  ;print lower case if even, else upper
  @if(even)
    even-
    letter.
  @else
    even+
    LETTER.
  @end

  ;increment our chars, decrement number of letters left
  letter+
  LETTER+
  i-
@end
```

The Brainfuck program it generates will output `aBcDeFgHiJkLmNoPqRsTuVwXyZ`.  As you can see, you don't really need to know Brainfuck that well to use it.


Hridaya mudra may prove very helpful to release pent-up emotion and unburden your heart. It is an excellent mudra to practice during times of emotional conflict and crisis.
Thank you. Can this mudra be done/ is it useful, if done while reading, chatting, walking, etc? Should it be done for longer than 30 minutes?
Dear Manisha - better not to overdo it - you can practice for 30 minutes daily and start to see benefits.


Before we get into the length and breadth of telescopes, let's delve into the field of science that forms the core of these instruments – Optics. Many of you might have studied this science in high school and/or higher studies like me. Many might also need some brushing up of memory, again just like me….


text:
Cheerleading, thanks to FHSAA, is now a sport
Jesuit Cheerleaders know that to make the team they have to meet rigorous requirements.
Kelly Mitchell, AP Lit, Set 5
For the past few years, cheerleading has been overlooked as a sport, but recently the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) has recognized it as such. High schoolcheerleading, as well as all-star cheerleading, has evolved from an extracurricular activity to a sport that requires discipline, a complex skill set, and a carefully planned training schedule.
Like all sports, cheerleading begins with making the team. High-school tryouts have become more and more difficult with competition from talented and well-trained middle-school applicants, and in some cases, may be more competitive than most other sports.
A panel of judges, including the varsity coach, junior varsity coach, and other qualified experts vote to place athletes on either junior varsity or varsity or no team, using criteria that include tumbling skills, stunting skills, sharp motions, jumps, and pep. All-star cheerleading gyms, outside of school, decide on participants make a team according to the athlete's skill. The teams are categorized into five levels based on skill, with five being the most advanced.
High school cheerleading, such as the Jesuit squad, includes more than just tumbling and saying cheers at games to pump up the crowd. The focus for selection are the girls who have the stamina and dedication to cheer the players to victory. Sometimes high school games can run longer than usual, making it difficult for cheerleaders to cheer for three hours, especially when the football team is not playing their best, so cheerleaders must stay positive and inspire the energy-level of the crowd up the whole game.
During games, cheerleaders learned routines to perform first, second, and third-quarter breaks, as well as follow plans for tumbling, stunting, and chants. Expectations for high-school cheerleading have changed from just girls who want the "cheerleader" title and can do splits to the girls who are dedicated and can stunt and tumble.
Like every other sport, cheerleading uses challenging terminology. "Full-up, heel stretch, double down" may not sound familiar to most sports fans, but all-star cheerleaders know exactly what that term means. The terminology for cheerleading can be difficult, especially on more advanced levels such as all-star teams that compete around the world.
All-star teams practice three days a week. At these practices stunting and tumbling take up the majority of the time. One weekend, a choreographer will come in and create a routine that each cheerleader will work on all year to perfect.
At national competitions such as Cheersport in Atlanta and NCA in Dallas, up to forty teams can compete against each other in one division. The cheerleaders prepare for these competitions for months by practicing 2.5-minute routines choreographed for them at the beginning of the season. Warm-ups are approximately 15 minutes before the team is ready to compete. The cheerleaders say their prayers, shake out their jitters, and take deep breaths knowing the next two and a half minutes will be very difficult and tiring.
When the cheerleaders walk out on the floor or the field, the fans go wild, the lights come on and all the attention is on them. When the pressure is at its peak, all cheerleaders can do is hope that participants want to do as well as the person next to her . By the end of the game, cheerleaders have completed a routine full of tumbling, stunting, jumps, pyramids, baskets, and dances!
An all-star cheerleader's biggest aspiration is to compete at the Cheerleading Worlds, which takes place in Orlando, Florida, every year. The Cheerleading World's is the most prestigious competition for all-star cheerleaders and only the best make it there. Compared to other sports, Cheerleading Worlds is comparable to the Olympics.
Only level-5 qualifiers, the highest level, competes at Worlds. Teams who have received bids at smaller competitions throughout the year are more likely to receive a bid to Worlds. Teams from all over the world travel to Orlando every year in May for this event, at which the champion team receives world champion rings, jackets, a trophy and the sheer pride in having made it to the top.
Although high school and all-star cheerleading can be very different, they both are considered a sport. Cheerleaders create special bonds with their team and must put in 100% effort to lead their team to victory, whether it's the football team or their own team fighting for the World Champion rings!


Manufactured from bar - afs-fittingss Webseite!
variety of components with special diameters, wall thicknesses, and any kind of shapes.
AFS Fittings Service Achim GmbH&Co.KG is certified according to Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU) and monitored according to AD 2000 - W0 by TÜV Nord Systems GmbH & Co. KG waived of counter-signature.
Therefore we can issue certificates acc. to EN 10204/3.1 right after production.
Our company is an approved manufacturer by Lloyd`s Register and is authorized for stamping in the manufacturing process.
Our quality management is monitored frequently by external audits acc. to ISO 9001.
3.2 TÜV. Classification societies such as LR, DNV, BV, GL or IRB are ordered in on customer's demand.
Within a reasonable range we are in a position to supply our customers directly by our own vehicle. Within Germany and Europe we work together with logistic partners and express services which enable us to assure very short delivery times. Above that we offer a delivery by our own neutral vehicle in the name of our customer along with our customer's documents directly to the construction site. Thus, our products reach their destination directly within the shortest time possible.
for example OMV-/ Alstom- / Siemens- Specifications or Exxon Sour Gas Service.


text:
Looks Like The Batman Is Going To Start Filming In The States
By Corey Chichizola published 16 October 20
CinemaBlend participates in affiliate programs with various companies. We may earn a commission when you click on or make purchases via links.
A variety of highly anticipated blockbusters have been delayed due to global health issues which forced sets around the world to shut down. Various projects have since kicked back up with new healthy and safety measures, including Matt Reeves' The Batman. Filming first resumed across the pond, but now it looks like Gotham is going stateside.
Filming for The Batman had barely begun when the set was shut down over pandemic concerns. By moving the set to Pinewood in the U.K., Matt Reeves and company were able to get back to work on the highly anticipated DC blockbuster. But reports from Chicago indicate that production is setting up shop in The Windy City. ReelBlend co-host Jake Hamilton shared an image from this process, check it out below.
Well, this is exciting. It looks like The Batman is able to go back to more outdoor filming, and is bringing production to Chicago shortly. The above image shows a crew member for a project titled Vengeance. This is the working title for Matt Reeves' DC debut, confirming that Gotham City is being built up for upcoming shoot.
The above image comes to us from the Twitter of ReelBlend co-host Jake Hamilton, who captured the shot in the streets of Chicago. Various shots of this ilk from Chicagoans have arrived on social media, as set pieces are brought to the city and covered up to guard the The Batman's secrets. This is yet another exciting update from the upcoming solo flick starring Robert Pattinson.
The Batman is also getting a prequel series on HBO Max. You can use this link to sign up for the streaming service.
Despite The Batman shutting down for a few weeks after Robert Pattinson himself was tested positive for COVID, set photos have revealed that filming has once again resumed. The photos coming from Chicago show how many moving pieces go into moviemaking, especially for comic book adaptations. Because while one location is being used to film, another is being set up. That's movie magic for you.
Jake Hamilton shared another photo from the streets of Chicago, which further shows some of the set dressing being done to transform into Gotham City. Check it out below.
Anticipation for The Batman has been steadily building thanks to the killer cast Matt Reeves assembled to populate Gotham City. Joining Robert Pattinson are the talents of Zoe Kravitz, Colin Farrell, Jeffrey Wright, Paul Dano, Andy Serkis, and John Turturro. The first footage from The Batman arrived at the DC Fandom event, showing Reeves' unique vision for the comic book adaptation.
While comic book movies are a popular genre that is known for its spectacle, this first glimpse from The Batman is refreshingly pulled back. The movie focuses on a Bruce Wayne who is relatively new to his career in crimefighting, and will encounter a trio of villains. The costumes for Riddler and Catwoman are handmade and muted, while we're also shown Bruce Wayne with a face full of makeup after removing his cowl.
It should be interesting to see what additional reports come out of Chicago as production for The Batman settles in the city. The most recent set photos reveled some exterior shots including Zoe Kravitz's ultra stylish Selina Kyle. Robert Pattinson and his stunt double have also jumped back into Batman's suit, while also rocking the character's previously revealed motorcycle.
The Batman is currently set to arrive in theater son March 4th, 2022. In the meantime, check out our 2020 release list to plan your next movie experience.
Up next: The Batman: 10 Movies To Watch To Get Hyped For Robert Pattinson's DC Debut
Corey Chichizola
Corey was born and raised in New Jersey. Double majored in theater and literature during undergrad. After working in administrative theater for a year in New York, he started as the Weekend Editor at CinemaBend. He's since been able to work himself up to reviews, phoners, and press junkets-- and is now able to appear on camera with some of his famous actors... just not as he would have predicted as a kid.


text:
HomeCar ResearchLincoln Reviews
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Credit Lincoln for launching the full-size SUV segment in 1998 with the release of the Navigator. Based on the architecture underpinning Ford's large pickup trucks, the Lincoln Navigator has survived… More
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The Lincoln MKS is a full-size premium sedan sold in front- and all-wheel-drive configurations. It is the flagship model of the Lincoln fleet and one of two sedans offered by… More
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The Lincoln MKX is a two-row, luxury midsize SUV with room for five. Front-wheel drive is standard and all-wheel drive is available. The MKX is now in its second generation.… More
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About Lincoln
Founded in 1917 by former Cadillac managers Henry Leland and his son, the Lincoln Motor Company was named for America's 16th president. In 1922, the Ford Motor Company purchased Lincoln and has operated it as its premier brand ever since.
The first Lincoln model, the L Series was powered by a 5.9-liter V8 engine paired with a three-speed manual transmission. It made 81 horsepower, had 23-inch wheels and sat on a 130-inch wheelbase. The recession that followed World War I limited its demand and the company soon found itself bankrupt.
In 1922, the Ford Motor Company bid $8 million for Lincoln in bankruptcy court, and soon after chairman Henry Ford disposed of the Lelands and had his son, Edsel, draft a new design. Multiple updates over the next seven years produced a more refined and less expensive model, one that introduced front and rear bumpers, safety glass and dual windshield wipers.
In the 1930s, Lincoln introduced its K Series and its sub-brand Lincoln-Zephyr, the latter bringing a smaller model to the Lincoln line. The Zephyr led to the Lincoln Continental, a European-style personal luxury car with a long hood, whitewall tires and a tire mounted to the trunk. The Continental name would be used on and off throughout Lincoln's history.
Following World War II, Lincoln was merged with Mercury to form the Lincoln-Mercury division. That partnership lasted until 2011 with models such as the Mercury Grand Marquis and Mercury Mariner sold alongside the Lincoln Town Car and the Lincoln Navigator.
In the 1950s, Lincoln rolled out a variety of products, but only its Mark Series had staying power. In the 1960s, the Lincoln brand was composed of full-size Continental and Mark Series models and nothing else, and stayed that way until the compact Lincoln Versailles was introduced. That model, based on the Ford Granada platform, was Lincoln's response to the Cadillac Seville.
By the early 1980s, Lincoln was downsizing its larger models and introduced the Lincoln Town Car to replace the Continental. The Continental's absence was short-lived as a new and smaller model was introduced in 1982 to replace the retired Versailles.
Lincoln sales skyrocketed in the 1990s and as recently as 1998 it was the best-selling luxury brand in America. That was the year when the full-size Lincoln Navigator SUV made its debut.
By the new century, Lincoln began releasing additional models including the small LS sedan, followed by the MKZ (formerly Zephyr). A Blackwood pickup truck had a brief life as did the Mark LT truck and the Aviator SUV. In later years, Lincoln introduced three SUVs: MKT, MKX and MKC. An MKZ hybrid was also rolled out and the brand reintroduced the Continental to replace the Lincoln MKS sedan.
Cadillac is Lincoln's chief rival; select Buick models can be compared to the product line as well. Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Jaguar, Land Rover, Lexus, Infiniti and Acura each have models that can be cross-shopped with various Lincoln products.
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Posts Tagged 'Financial Crisis'
Nearly $133 Billion in Bailout Money Still Not Repaid
As I note in my new weekly column, out today, President Obama's State of the Union address on Tuesday night was littered with risible claims, not the least of which was his defense of the hundreds of billions of dollars poured into the financial and auto industries at the height of the nation's economic crisis (efforts, in fairness, that began with the Bush Administration). Contrary to the president's rosy recitations, however, the bailouts were not an unimpeachable success. As the AP reports today:
A government watchdog says U.S. taxpayers are still owed $132.9 billion that companies haven't repaid from the financial bailout, and some of that will never be recovered.
The bailout launched at the height of the financial crisis in September 2008 will continue to exist for years, says a report issued Thursday by Christy Romero, the acting special inspector general for the $700 billion bailout. Some bailout programs, such as the effort to help homeowners avoid foreclosure by reducing mortgage payments, will last as late as 2017, costing the government an additional $51 billion or so.
This report won't get much attention, simply because of the fact that a majority of the money has been paid back. That fact, however, reveals what may be the most damning legacy of the bailouts' gonzo economics: the ability to think of a $133 billion shortfall as a rounding error.
Tags: Auto Bailout, Bailouts, Barack Obama, Financial Bailout, Financial Crisis, George W. Bush, TARP
Greece: When Good Men Do Nothing
A sobering column by a Greek politician in today's Wall Street Journal shows that Stalin-style Communism is making a comeback in a nation teetering on the edge of financial meltdown. The breakdown in policing has led to countless acts of violence – including murder – that go unpunished:
Many argue that Greece's disintegration is the unavoidable consequence of the government's attempt to enforce fiscal austerity. This seems doubtful. This meltdown can be seen as the product of the totalitarian left's open attempt to exploit the economic crisis and destroy Greece's existing democratic and economic institutions. What we are witnessing is not a descent into chaos, but a descent into organized lawlessness. Sowing pandemonium and forcing Greece to default will, according to Greek Stalinists' analysis, bring the revolution nearer.
What makes the situation worrisome is not so much the political strength of this movement. After all, the Communist Party and the Coalition of the Radical Left together claim no more than 13% popular support.
The problem, rather, lies with the political and ideological passivity of the parties that do represent Greece's broader middle classes. The tolerance these democrats have shown toward their totalitarian counterparts has allowed the latter to play a leading role in shaping Greek public discourse. Do they imagine the favor would be returned if the Coalition of the Radical Left were in charge?
Unless Greece's political elite realizes the seriousness of what's happening and acts now to re- establish the rule of democratic law, their efforts to deal with Greece's economic problems will have been in vain.
Tags: budget, Communism, deficit, economy, Financial Crisis, Greece, law and order, rule of law, Stalin
Free Market Solution to Housing Crisis
While the federal government continues to create moral hazards for people trying to stay in their soon-to-be-foreclosed homes, TwinRock LLC is giving those same people a reason to hope: letting former homeowners rent their foreclosed properties at reduced rates.
So far TwinRock has purchased 22 homes in Moreno Valley, Riverside, Corona, Rialto, San Bernardino, Highland, Murrieta, Wildomar and Temecula, and the company has plans to buy several hundred more, said Meyer.
Earlier this year, TwinRock put together a $6 million fund to enable the company to buy about 40 Inland homes and it is getting ready to raise another $15 million, Philips said. The firm's investment model primarily calls for buying houses with cash at trustee auctions conducted each weekday at Inland courthouses, he said.
There's another benefit to keeping people in their homes:
Letting former homeowners remain in the foreclosed homes as tenants also eliminates the potential that the homes will be vandalized by angry former owners facing eviction, Meyer said.
TwinRock's solution isn't for everyone. Some homeowners are so indebted in other areas they need to declare bankruptcy and restart their financial history. For many others, however, renting one's home with the possibility of buying it back later is much more attractive than waiting for a temporary government bailout.
H/T: Riverside (CA) Press-Enterprise
Tags: bailout, Financial Crisis, foreclosure, free market, Housing Bubble, moral hazard
Portugal Likely to Seek Bailout; Warnings for US Federalism?
When every opposition group voted down his austerity budget earlier this week, Portugal's prime minister resigned. Now, the European Union is preparing to bail out a third member nation in just over a year. (The other two are Greece and Ireland.)
While the Portuguese mess probably won't have an immediate fiscal impact on the United States, the EU's crisis of federalism could soon be felt over here.
States like Illinois and California are teetering on the edge of insolvency after spending like a bunch of reckless European countries. Because of the EU's shared currency and the effects a default would have on the rest of the federation, the EU feels pressed into covering the costs of some members' excess.
The same thinking seems likely to migrate across the Atlantic. Members of Congress are mulling options like bankruptcy for failing state governments, though that risks undermining state sovereignty. Also, bailouts run the risk of prolonging hard decisions, as well as deepening the dependency of states on the feds.
There are no easy answers, but there are some necessary decisions. Time will tell if those in Sacramento and Springfield can come to better resolutions that the parliament in Lisbon.
Tags: bailout, bankruptcy, budget, Congress, debt, deficit, European Union, Financial Crisis, Portugal, United States
Economic Exhalation
It's nice to see a piece in Time Magazine worthy of linking to. Over the last few years, Time has led the charge of weekly news magazines becoming equal parts liberal opinion journals and People Magazine derivatives. Newsweek isn't much better (only George Will and Robert Samuelson redeem it). And U.S. News and World Report has become entirely virtual, while simultaneously losing its only compelling columnist (Michael Barone, who's now with the D.C. Examiner).
But Time's new issue features a piece called "What's Still Wrong With Wall Street" by financial journalist Allan Sloan. If you can get past the purple prose of his first few paragraphs (including a breathless passage about the "green shoots" appearing in the cracked driveways of the newly impoverished) and the occasional populist nonsequitur (Mr. Sloan apparently thinks the financial crisis should relieve him of the need to pay overdraft fees), it's worth your time.
With great analytical clarity, Sloan explains how TARP wasn't the real bailout (new federal lending standards were); how the bonuses that the public is crowing about aren't really bonuses; and how it was incompetence much more than greed that drove the financial collapse. One exemplary passage:
The two divisions at AIG that brought down the firm — financial products and stock-lending — didn't understand what they were doing. Financial products wrote credit-default swaps — sorry I'm not pausing to explain them, but most eyes would glaze over if I did — that they thought were riskless but turned out to be ultra-risky.
The stock-loan department, AIG's other disaster, took the cash it got for lending out stock owned by AIG and invested the money in esoteric securities rather than in risk-free Treasuries, the standard practice. The idea was — I'm not kidding — to make an extra one-fifth of 1% in interest. When the esoterica, which the stock-loan folks thought was riskless, crumbled, so did the firm.
It's an admittedly uneven piece, but the good outweighs the bad. Read the whole thing here.
Tags: Bailouts, Financial Crisis, TARP, Time Magazine


Your lobby or reception area is the forefront of your business and providing distinguished and comfortable seating is the first step towards making a great impression. The Imagination Series offers a collection of modular pieces. This set groups multiple ottomans together to create a backless seating arrangement, offering a clean appearance to your reception space.


His Throne Room International Ministry holds services on Sunday mornings and Friday evenings. Each service is unique and is led by the Spirit of the Sovereign Lord.
At His Throne Room International Ministry, the congregation freely and energetically worships Jesus Christ through song, dance and banners. The awesome presence of God fills the sanctuary as we worship Him.
Being filled with the Holy Spirit, Pastors Knolly and Rosalind lead the congregation of believers with inspired preaching of the Word of the Living God. As the Spirit moves, there is prayer time, prophetic words and laying of hands on the sick. No two services are alike...come and experience what it means to dine at the Master's Table...there is a feast spread so come and partake of it.


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Kim Glass
Name: Kim Glass
Position: Outside Hitter
Discipline(s): Volleyball
Hometown: Lancaster
College: Arizona
Olympic Experience
2008 Olympic Games (Silver)
MAJOR INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION: 2011 – Montreux Volley Masters (Fourth)...Pan American Cup (Bronze)...FIVB World Grand Prix (Gold)...NORCECA Continental Championship (Gold). 2010 - Tour of Brazil. 2008 - U.S. Olympic Team Exhibition for Volleyball versus Brazil...FIVB World Grand Prix (Fourth Place)...Olympic Games (Silver Medal). 2007 - FIVB World Grand Prix (Eighth Place)...FIVB World Cup (Bronze Medal).
INTERNATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS: 2011 – Started all five matches of the Montreux Volley Masters, collecting 64 points in 18 sets as part of a 3.56 scoring average… …Added 2.44 digs per set at Montreux...Tallied 20 points versus Germany with 18 kills on 36 swings and two aces on June 9…Added 17 points versus China on June 10 with 12 kills and five blocks…Played in 19 sets during the Pan American Cup with one match start…Tallied nine points with seven kills and two aces versus Trinidad & Tobago on July 3..Converted 43.2 percent of attacks during Pan Am Cup with .351 hitting efficiency…Played in 15 sets with one match start at the FIVB World Grand Prix, which the U.S. won the gold medal…Provided five kills and three blocks in only start of the tournament versus Peru on Aug. 21…Scored five points in two sets of action in helping the U.S. to the NORCECA Women's Continental Championship gold medal. 2010 – Played in seven sets with two match starts on Tour of Brazil, averaging 1.29 points per set. 2008 - Played six sets with five set starts versus Brazil in three-match exhibition series...Contributed six points in less than two sets versus Brazil in five-set victory on June 13...Tallied eight kills and a block versus Brazil on June 14 in three sets of action...Started 39 of 48 sets played at the FIVB World Grand Prix compiling averages of 2.60 points, 1.92 kills, 0.38 blocks and 0.31 aces per set...Ranked third in Best Server during the FIVB World Grand Prix preliminary round with 0.36 aces per set...Tallied 14 points against Turkey on June 20 and Dominican Republic on June 28 to tie for team-high honors...Served six aces versus Dominican Republic on June 28...Averaged 2.13 points in helping the U.S. to a silver medal at the Olympic Games...Youngest player on USA roster at Olympic Games, starting 26 of a possible 33 sets and entered a total of 30 sets during the event...Contributed averages of 1.67 kills, 0.33 blocks, 0.13 aces and 1.73 digs per set during the Olympics, in addition to a .271 hitting efficiency and 0.42 kill ratio...Tallied a team-high 20 points (15 kills, three blocks and two aces) in a five-set victory over host China on Aug. 15 to secure a spot in the Olympic Games quarterfinals. 2007 – Averaged 3.39 points per set at the FIVB World Grand Prix in her first international experience with the U.S. Women's National Team…Ranked 10th among all scorers at the World Grand Prix during the preliminary round…Attacked at a .346 percentage with 2.61 kills per set on 211 swings…Averaged 0.97 digs, 0.39 aces and 0.39 blocks during the World Grand Prix…Started only four of 11 matches at the FIVB World Cup, but played in 29 sets with 26 set starts…Tallied World Cup per set averages of 2.45 points, 1.79 kills, 0.34 blocks, 1.21 digs and 0.31 aces…Contributed 12 points coming off the bench versus Cuba on Nov. 3 with nine kills on 16 swings…Scored 11 points against Thailand on Nov. 10 and Japan on Nov. 15.
COLLEGE HIGHLIGHTS: Glass, a three-time American Volleyball Coaches Association All-American and four-time All-Pac-10 pick, is Arizona's career leader in kills with 2,151 and ranks third all-time in the Pac-10 in the same category. She averaged 5.27 kills, 2.84 digs, 0.70 blocks and 0.40 aces per game for the Wildcats. For her career, Glass had double-digit kills in 105 of her 115 matches played, along with 20 or more kills 54 times en route to a school-record 5.27 kills per game average. She holds the Arizona school record with 162 aces, and is third in career digs with 1,158. Glass provided 77 block solos, which ranks eighth all-time for the Wildcats. As a senior in 2005, Glass was selected AVCA All-America First-Team in leading Arizona to a fourth seed in the NCAA Tournament. She was tabbed AVCA All-America Second-Team and AVCA National Freshman of the Year in 2002. Glass was honored as a AVCA All-American Third Team as a sophomore in 2003.
OTHER VOLLEYBALL EXPERIENCE: Glass is no stranger to international competition as she was a member of the U.S. Women's Junior National Team that competed in the 2001 FIVB World Junior Championships. She also participated on the U.S. Women's Junior National Team at the 2002 NORCECA Continental Women's Junior Championships. Glass played for Corozal in Puerto Rico's Super League. She led the league in kills during the regular season and led her team to the tournament semifinals.
PERSONAL: Parents are Sherman Glass and Kathryn Storms…Has four siblings, brothers Darryl and Marcus Glass, and sisters Shalana and Shaynce Glass…One of three athletes selected to model in the 2011 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit edition...Modeled in the 2010 ESPN The Magazine "The Body" Issue...Hobbies include poetry, bowling, shopping…Favorite foods are ribs and pancakes…Favorite book is The Magic of Thinking Big…Favorite movie is Coming to America...Admires her mother most.
Posted and updated: Sept. 20, 2011


Background/Purpose: Since the description of the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the use of this drug has been extended. The recommendation in fact sheet is the administration of two infusions of 1 g in each cycle but some studies have used two infusions of 500 mg. Currently the most suitable pattern for its use is not established. The purpose of this work was to systematically review the published evidence to date regarding on the difference in efficacy in the treatment of RA with RTX when used at a dose of 2 x 500 mg (1 g) or 2 x 1000 mg (2 g) per cycle.
Methods: A sensitive search of all published studies on the difference in the efficacy of RTX in RA patients used at a dose of 1 and 2 g per cycle was performed in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central databases since its inception until July 2013. We selected all studies involving adult patients with RA treated with RTX in which intervention was described as treatment with RTX at a dose of 1 g per cycle and comparator as the administration of RTX at a dose of 2 g per cycle. Any standardized measure of efficacy in RA was considered as outcome measure at two years of follow-up. Although meta analysis, systematic reviews, clinical trials and cohorts well designed were preferably selected, finally we also included open studies and all studies that showed a methodologically correct subanalysis related to the question even if it had not been his main objective. After removing duplicates, an initial selection by reading titles, a second selection after reading abstracts and, finally, full reading of selected studies, assessing the methodological quality by levels of the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine Evidence (2001 update) where applicable, was carried out. A manual search of the references of included studies was also performed.
Results: A total of 451 citations about the treatment of RA patients with RTX used at a dose of 1 and 2 g per cycle were identified, which were reduced to 46 after removing duplicates and selection by reading titles and abstracts. Of the 46 articles selected, finally 14 were included in the review, 3 reviews, 2 of them systematic and one not systematic, 5 corresponding to 4 clinical trials, 3 open studies and 3 abstracts, two of them about the same retrospective cohort and, the third one, an open study previously included as a publication. Although published outside the period included in this review, an article about a systematic review and meta-analysis was included because it provides valuable information for the same.
Conclusion: RTX shows an equivalent overall clinical efficacy administered at doses of 1 and 2 g per cycle in the treatment of RA patients (level of evidence 1a, grade of recommendation A). However, there may be differences in extreme efficacy parameters with trend, not statistically significant, to a more ACR70 response or EULAR good response at the dose of 2 g per cycle.
This work has been funded by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology.


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"Tertiary Filtration" systems must include a physical filtration process designed to achieve an effluent quality of 10 parts per million biological oxygen demand and 10 parts per million suspended solids.
The use of filtration systems for waste water systems is relatively recent development. Concept of utilizing filtration in waste water treatment came into practice due to stringent requirements for secondary reuse. The low levels of SS & BOD were difficult to meet with conventional secondary treatment. Tertiary filtration is aimed at removing the fine suspended solids that are carried over with effluent in secondary clarifier. The BOD associated with the suspended solids also automatically gets removed during filtration resulting into low SS/BOD effluent.
Granular media filtration systems remove fine non-settleable material. Media systems include silica sand, anthracite, GAC, gravel, garnet all available in mono, dual, and multimedia form. Under drain systems are manufactured in plenum and lateral styles, incorporating slotted dome strainer nozzles.
Backwash systems are available as manual and automatic control and comprise air scour, combined air scour/low rate backwash, low rate backwash and high rate backwash phases as appropriate. Backwash principles are discussed in detail later.
– Filter rate control methods include level controlled, rising level and declining rate.
As like regular filters, the tertiary filters too need regular backwash. In fact tertiary filter need better backwashing techniques as the load on them is higher and also there is possibility of mudball formation.
Mudballs are agglomerations of extraneous material which accumulates in the bed over extended periods of time due to improper backwashing. Consequently the effectiveness of filtration is greatly affected.
Cleaning filters is necessary to remove the solids collected by the media during the filtration run. As solids are accumulated in the filter media, the headloss or force required to maintain the flow increases. A point is reached where either the flow cannot be maintained or solids are driven through the filter.
There are three common methods of cleaning filters in use today: hydraulic backwash only, hydraulic backwash plus sub-surface wash, and hydraulic backwash plus air scour.
The traditional method of cleaning a filter has been to reverse the flow and bring clean water up from beneath the bottom of the bed at a rate sufficient to fluidize the media and shear off the floc.
Chemicals and trapped solids can adhere tightly to filter media grains. The cleaning of granular filters by the upward flow of backwash water alone to fluidize the filter bed is inherently a weak cleaning method because it is very sensitive to flow and the shearing action may not be adequate to remove chemical floc from the media. If the media is not completely cleaned each time, dirt can accumulate causing mudballs. If mudballs are allowed to accumulate, they can sink to the bottom of the media and plug the gravel. The bed will then become upset, resulting in poor performance and loss of media.
Another problem encountered in filters is the build-up of a crust of solids on the surface of the media. Chemicals and dirt can attach to the upper surface of the media and form a crust which may be too heavy to fluidize and backwash off. If it is not removed, this crust can form mudballs and ruin the filters.
The fact that a high rate backwash is not enough to eliminate mudballs has been recognized for a long time. Mudball formation is especially prevalent with highly turbid waters. Under these conditions some kind of auxiliary scour is considered necessary.
A common practice is to install a distributor to clean the media surface. This distributor, or "surface wash" mechanism, is situated just below, approximately four inches below the media. Nozzles distribute high-pressure water to scour the media surface as well as provide motion to the distributor.
The surface washer is normally turned on for 1 or 2 minutes to scour the surface. Then the backwash flow is begun, expanding the media up past the surface washer and allowing it to continue its scouring action deeper in the bed.
Although sub-surface wash is a substantial improvement in cleaning a filter, it does not completely eliminate mudballs. Nor does it clean the entire bed. The circular agitator has difficulty cleaning the corners where mudballs can form.
The current practice worldwide is to provide an air scour in place of the surface wash. Air scour in the range of 30 -48 m3/m2/hr provides much more violent agitation of the media than surface wash. In addition, air scour combined with a low rate backwash (concurrent air and water) is the most effective way to remove solids from a filter. The media grains have a greater potential to collide, increasing the scrubbing action during the air scour. Side-by-side tests have shown that air scour is the most effective backwash method and uses the least water.


Limited edition spring version of Touch of Pink.
There are 3 reviews of Touch of Spring.
Cucumber and honeydew with a little ozonic twist. Playful, casual, youthful. I can't fault it, because I feel it was honest with me from the packaging to the dry down.
This is an appropriate application of a limited edition.
Lacoste Touch Of Spring 3.0 Fl Oz Eau De Toilette New!
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