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My friend and fellow alum, Michael McNabb writes another important guest post that is well worth reading by parents of prospective University of Minnesota students. His prior essays on our university have been major contributions to framing the debate on the crucial question: What do we want for our University?
President Bruininks gives the perspective of the administration on the state of the University in his correspondence of June 14 to Regent Steve Sviggum. Here is the perspective of a parent of four children who have received their undergraduate or professional degrees (or both) from the University since 2004.
(1) The President acknowledges that during the past 10 years the budget of the University has increased by $1 billion. Yet the administration is cutting courses and faculty positions. See Three Minutes at http://ptable.blogspot.com/2010/06/three-minutes-of-input-at-university-of.html#links. And the administration plans to continue the elimination of academic programs and the replacement of professors with part-time instructors without tenure. See Recommendation No. 4 (Narrow the Scope) at pp. 8, 33-34 of the June 2011 report of the President on Financing The Future at http://blog.lib.umn.edu/pres/news/June2011_TtU_CostProductivity_FINAL.pdf.
The administration plans to continue using students and their parents as ATMs with endless reservoirs of money. A recent report declares that "tuition is the revenue stream with the highest potential for significant, long term growth" and asks "what should tuition pay for when tuition revenue exceeds the cost of instruction." See the link to the 2009 Report of the Future Financial Resources Task Force in On The Hidden Cost of Research at http://ptable.blogspot.com/2010/12/on-hidden-cost-of-research-michael.html#links; see also Recommendation No. 2 (Grow Tuition Revenue) at pp. 7, 51-52 of Financing The Future.
This double whammy inflicted by the administration means that students and their parents now pay much more while the scope of the education available is reduced and the actual teaching of students is increasingly assigned to part-time instructors (or, cheaper yet for the University, to on-line instruction).
"The real issue is increasing the value that we the university bring to the state of Minnesota, to its stakeholders and to our students. Increasing that value, communicating it and demonstrating it will be the major goal of my presidency."
President Eric Kaler in the July 7, 2011 issue of the Pioneer Press at http://www.twincities.com/ci_18423950 (emphasis added).
Net Price for Twin Cities undergraduates has increased an average of 3.4% per year over 10 years.
The cumulative percentage increase per student, 2001-2010, in Cost of Attendance, grant/gift aid, and Net Price were quite different from the increase in tuition sticker price, Dr. Radcliffe explained. The cost of attendance increased by 50% during these ten years; the Net Price increased only 34%. The primary reason that the Net Price is increasing more slowly than the Cost of Attendance is because of significant increases in the size of the mean grant/gift award. The Net Price, he said, is tuition minus financial aid. His focus is on the net price; while the sticker price is relevant for some students, it is not for most.
See p. 5 of the June 7, 2011 report of the Senate Committee on Finance & Planning (emphasis added).
So the calculation of Net Price by the administration does not reflect the economic reality facing the students (and their parents). It subtracts (disregards) the amount of the student loans that the students and parents will be paying off for years to come.
See the response of the Minnesota Daily at Cynical & Deceptive at http://ptable.blogspot.com/2011/03/minnesota-daily-nails-university-of.html#links.
(3) The President claims that there will be 74 senior administrators at the end of the 2010-2011 academic year. He defines senior administrators as the president, vice presidents, provosts,chancellors, deans and a few others. See p. 5 of his letter and note 6 in Financing The Future.
The Pioneer Press has a web site for Minnesota Public Salaries. There is a link to the site in On The Cost of Administration at http://ptable.blogspot.com/2011/03/on-cost-of-administration-at-university.html#links. The web site lists 9 provosts, 18 chancellors, 40 vice presidents, and 112 deans. The site identifies the persons who hold those senior positions. The number claimed by the administration is not even close to being accurate. There are scores of administrators who receive hundreds of thousands in dollars in compensation each year.
In his letter the President does not discuss the compensation of the senior administrators. At the legislature he defends the compensation as within market range for such positions. This is the same justification used to pay tens of millions of dollars in annual bonuses to Wall Street executives. The President and the Regents may have an unwavering confidence that the market always makes the correct determination in economic matters. Alan Greenspan did when he was chair of the Federal Reserve, as did the "Masters of the Universe" who were the chief executive officers of the Wall Street firms. Their misplaced confidence combined with greed to bring our national economy to the brink of chaos.
The law restricts the pursuit of personal wealth by the leaders of a tax-exempt organization (such as a non-profit institution of higher education). Among other measures, the Internal Revenue Code imposes an excise tax on excessive compensation paid to senior executives. See the Postscript below. Is the annual compensation of hundreds of thousands of dollars to scores of senior administrators at the U of M reasonable when students must incur tens of thousands of dollars in debt that will take years to repay in order to support that level of compensation?
Our system of higher education has contracted a malady that plagues our health care system. The cost of health care in the United States is much higher than it is in any other country (whether measured as per capita spending or as a percent of GDP). A major reason for this high cost is that our for-profit health insurance companies have by far the highest administrative costs in the world. See T.R. Reid, The Healing of America pp. 34-43, 229 (New York: Penguin Press 2009).
Each year hundreds of billions of dollars flow through each system. The issue is not a lack of funds. The issue is the allocation of those vast sums of money. See University Inc. Part II at http://ptable.blogspot.com/2011/02/draft-as-university-transforms-itself.html#links .
No part of [a tax-exempt] organization's net earnings may inure to the benefit of an insider. An insider is a person who has a personal or private interest in the activities of the organization such as an officer, director or key employee. This means that an organization is prohibited from allowing its income or assets to accrue to insiders. An example of prohibited inurement would include payment of unreasonable compensation to an insider. Any amount of inurement may be grounds for loss of tax-exempt status .
See pp. 2-3 of the IRS Compliance Guide for 501(c)(3) Public Charities (Publication 4221-PC) at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p4221pc.pdf (emphasis added).
Congressional hearings in 1993 produced several outrageous instances of excessive compensation. Though the existing federal law could penalize an organization by removing recognition of its tax exempt status, the IRS rarely, if ever, imposed such a penalty, for the removal of exemption was like hanging someone for stealing a loaf of bread. It was too draconian for the wrong, and it hurt the organization rather than the individual who engaged in the private inurement. In response to this problem, Congress adopted the approach of the private foundation rules, imposing a graduated excise tax on "excess benefit transactions" involving 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations other than private foundations, a so-called intermediate sanction that replaced the ultimate penalty of revocation of tax exemption.
In 2005-2006 the IRS conducted a compliance check on executive compensation in tax exempt organizations. Although high compensation was usually determined to be appropriate, the IRS did assess $21 million in excise taxes against 40 executives in 25 organizations on the basis of excessive compensation. See p. 1 of the March 2007 IRS Report on Exempt Organizations Executive Compensation Compliance Project at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/exec._comp._final.pdf.
In October 2008 the IRS commenced a compliance check on tax-exempt colleges and universities. Executive compensation was a major area of inquiry. The IRS requested information on the compensation of the six highest paid officers, directors, trustees, and key employees (ODTKEs). The IRS survey included 91 large universities. The average compensation of the highest paid ODTKE at large universities was $428,000 while the median compensation was $361,000. See Figure 65 on p. 55 of the May 2010 IRS Interim Report on Tax-Exempt Colleges and Universities Compliance Project at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/cucp_interimrpt_052010.pdf.
Over the past several years the compensation of President Bruininks was an annual salary of $455,000 plus an annual contribution of $150,000 to his retirement account. The compensation of President Kaler will be an annual salary of $610,000 plus an annual contribution of $50,000 to his retirement account starting in his second year.
The fiasco that is University Enterprise Labortories has been discussed before on this blog. For background, please see: University Enerprise Laboratories - A Wild Success or a Failure?
Finally time to stick a fork in it?
During the past six years, UEL has portrayed itself as a biotech incubator helping the University of Minnesota's technology transfer efforts. But, for the most part, the university has been propping up what is a textbook case of how not to start an incubator.
UEL picked too big of a space in the wrong kind of building. It carried large debt from inception. And when the university didn't create enough startups, UEL gave space to anyone in order to stay afloat. What's more, UEL never tracked key metrics, like job creation, from startups that did flourish under its care.
UEL started in 2004 with $13.8 million in debt and an expectation that companies created from University of Minnesota's technology would rent much of its 126,000 square feet.
But the university didn't produce enough startups. So there were few renters and little revenue. In fact, in 2008, as UEL's very survival became a question, it laid off its general manager and an administrative employee. It saved itself by renting to whatever company would take space.
"We were left scrambling to fill this building in one way or another so as to service the debt that we were up against," said Anthony Carideo, UEL's chairman.
Now, many of UEL's roughly 30 tenants have nothing to do with biotech or life sciences.
... cash on hand ($378,806 as of December 2010) would be wiped out if the university enforced a requirement for UEL to pay a fine if it did not provide space to school startups. The university has waived that every year since 2006 — the first year the payment was due.
The cumulative tab to date? $500,000.
"At a time when that whole operation was just getting off to a start, it would have been I think (unfair) for us to say we hold you responsible for the fact that we didn't spin out enough companies to locate there," said Tim Mulcahy, vice president of research at the University of Minnesota.
Over the years, the university and its foundation provided $3.75 million to UEL, with the foundation also extending a $750,000 line of credit, Carideo said.
George also said the success of an incubator shouldn't be defined by operational cash flow. That's because the goal of the incubator is to provide subsidized facilities and services to startups — not in generating profit.
Instead, success should be defined by the number of jobs the incubator has helped to create, George said.
UEL has had four graduates — Segetis, Twin Star Medical, Harland Medical Systems and OrthoCor Medical — but it has never tracked jobs it helped create.
Last year, the school's Medical Devices Center was teaming up with UEL to create what would be tentatively known as the Medical Devices Center Launch Pad. The space would house early stage companies created through a fellowship program at the Medical Devices Center.
But the head of the university's technology commercialization office apparently shot the idea down. "It was an innovative, collaborative idea developed by good-hearted folks, implemented in start-up speed, without buy-in from U of Minnesota leadership," stated Marie Johnson, the former director of the Medical Devices Center's Innovation Fellows program.
In the future, could it become a biotech incubator? Yes. If it manages to lower its rent, kick out some tenants and bring in someone with tech transfer expertise to run it. But Carideo did not seem particularly open to the idea of throwing tenants out even though Mulcahy, a supporter of UEL, said that having an exit strategy for tenants is important for any incubator.
In the end it was Mulcahy who best captured the essence of UEL.
In a letter  published in today's Minnesota Daily (7/27/11), Provost Tom Sullivan writes that total financial aid has increased from $81 million in 2004 to $152 million in 2010. At first glance, this seems like a large improvement, increasing by 87.6 percent over 6 years. But while this statistic is technically true, it is intentionally deceptive.
Over this same period of time, tuition has risen  48 percent (by 69 percent if one starts counting from the 03-04 school year, but at least 48 percent). Furthermore, the size of the undergraduate student body has  grown  6 percent during this period of time and inflation has gone up  between 15 (beginning of 2010) and 19 percent (end of 2010). These three factors account for a large portion, if not all, of the increase in the total dollar amount of financial aid. The lack of context in Sullivan's letter gives readers a false impression.
The Daily Editorial Board has criticized  the University administration for using these factually true but misrepresentative figures before. The nature of public relations communications is spin, misrepresentation, and lying by omission, especially when the facts don't fit one's desired narrative, but we expect a better, more honest discussion from our University leaders. Kaler is still in a transitional period in his administration, but this is an unequivocal instance of a problem of the Bruininks regime persisting under new leadership.
Kaler and the rest of his administration must stamp out the use of these deceptive statistics wherever they find it. Because the rosy hue they see emanating from the University is actually just the tint of their glasses.
Unethical Behavior at the University of Minnesota?
For background on the ethically challenged attitude of one of the Carlson School faculty please see: Greed is Good.
A Missouri start-up is accusing students in a University of Minnesota class of copying its idea for a business. The university has said some of the students' behavior was not acceptable and that their lesson will help future students.
Last year, a Missouri start-up received calls from University of Minnesota business students who asked for help on a class project.
The business owners were happy to help. They provided sales and marketing data. They spent time on the phone telling the students about their product, a device that lets people open bathroom doors with their foot.
Then, a couple of months later, they discovered that the students had created a rival company with a similar product.
"To do it the way they did it, it's just not right to be taught that in school," said Ron Ely, a co-founder of the company, StepNpull. "That's almost plagiarism, and they got the whole school backing up the knowledge and marketing."
Enter Arndt, Toepener's CEO. He was a student in the U's Entrepreneurship in Action class, which began in September. The class challenges undergraduate students to create companies.
Arndt, a self-proclaimed germaphobe, says he came up with the idea for Toepener independently last fall, but didn't provide a specific date. StepNpull's records show he purchased one of its products on Sept. 27.
Around that time, the students contacted the company.
"You have a great product on your hands," Arndt e-mailed StepNpull in October. Arndt then asked if he could do work for StepNpull in the future.
On Dec. 7, student Mike Wesely e-mailed StepNpull. Wesely said his parents remodeled their bar's restrooms and he had "stumbled" across their product. He wondered whether StepNpull was compliant with federal disabilities regulations. StepNpull sent over more information. Wesely didn't disclose he was part of Arndt's team.
On Dec. 28, the students incorporated their business, Forge LLC.
Kirk O. Hanson, executive director at Santa Clara University's Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, said he thinks the U should give any money it gets from Toepener back to StepNpull because it's "tainted."
"If I were in the university's shoes, I would hesitate before [promoting] this firm as an example."
John Stavig, who teaches the Entrepreneurship in Action class, is the guarantor of Toepener's $15,000 loan. He is also the professional director of the U's Gary S. Holmes Center for Entrepreneurship, which is the lead sponsor for the Minnesota Cup's student division. Stavig facilitates the judging for that division.
Since the division began in 2006, all five student winners have been connected to the Carlson School.
"We're trying to help students move forward with their businesses. Do they always make the right decisions? No," Stavig said. "Should we crucify a couple of entrepreneurs trying to build a business? That seems foolish to me."
That is not Minnesota. That is not why the people of Minnesota elected me their Governor: so that millionaires could continue to avoid paying their fair share of taxes for the benefit of everyone else in our state. Some of them are my friends, too. However, unlike the Republican legislator, I believe in putting the people of Minnesota first.
I will continue—tonight, tomorrow, and however long it takes—to find a fair and balance compromise. I welcome Republicans to join with me – my door is always open. I believe the people of Minnesota are with me. I ask them to join me in standing up for our State's future.


text:
Q: Unable to change selectedNode in a treeView during AfterLabelEdit I'm having an issue with the selected node in a treeview.
Here is are two scenario. (# 2 is causing my problem)
1 -
If I select the node "level", press F2, change the label and press enter. The selectedNode inside the AfterLabelEdit will change.  The selectedNode will change from "Level1" to "Root".
2 -
If I select the node "level", press F2, change the label but click somewhere on the treeview, the selectedNode will never change.
Is an event firing that is causing the issue?
I've created a small test project to show the issue at hand.
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        this.Load += new EventHandler(Form1_Load);
        this.treeView1.KeyDown += new KeyEventHandler(Form1_KeyDown);
        this.treeView1.AfterLabelEdit += new NodeLabelEditEventHandler(treeView1_AfterLabelEdit);
    }

void treeView1_AfterLabelEdit(object sender, NodeLabelEditEventArgs e)
{
    Console.WriteLine(this.treeView1.SelectedNode);
    this.treeView1.SelectedNode = this.treeView1.SelectedNode.Parent;
    Console.WriteLine(this.treeView1.SelectedNode);
    TreeNode test = this.treeView1.SelectedNode;
}

void Form1_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
{
    if (this.treeView1.SelectedNode != null)
    {
        if (e.KeyData == Keys.F2)
        {
            this.treeView1.SelectedNode.BeginEdit();
        }
    }

    base.OnKeyDown(e);
}

void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    this.treeView1.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode("root"));
    this.treeView1.Nodes[0].Nodes.Add(new TreeNode("level1"));

    this.treeView1.Nodes[0].Nodes[0].Nodes.Add(new TreeNode("level2"));
    this.treeView1.SelectedNode = this.treeView1.Nodes[0];
    this.treeView1.SelectedNode.ExpandAll();
    this.treeView1.SelectedNode = this.treeView1.Nodes[0].Nodes[0];
}

}

A: It is an event order problem, the mouse click fires after AfterLabelEdit so it wins.  The typical BeginInvoke trick doesn't work, you'll need a Timer to select the node:
    void treeView1_AfterLabelEdit(object sender, NodeLabelEditEventArgs e) {
        TreeNode nextnode = this.treeView1.SelectedNode.Parent;
        var timer = new Timer() { Enabled = true, Interval = 50 };
        timer.Tick += delegate {
            this.treeView1.SelectedNode = nextnode;
            timer.Dispose();
        };
    }

That works, kinda ugly.  This only happens when the user clicks a specific node, maybe you should not override the choice.  Kudos for the repro code btw.

A: Kinda a hack, but this will select the root node when the user clicks somewhere else in the treeview, except for the level2 node:
private bool SelectParent = false;
void treeView1_AfterLabelEdit(object sender, NodeLabelEditEventArgs e)
{
    this.treeView1.SelectedNode = e.Node.Parent;
    SelectParent = true;
}

    private void treeView1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        if (SelectParent)
        {
            this.treeView1.SelectedNode = this.treeView1.SelectedNode.Parent;
            SelectParent = false;
        }

    }

put this in your form1 constructor:
    this.treeView1.MouseDown += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.treeView1_MouseDown);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Reasons that lead to cancelling of the shoot of Janhavi Kapoor's next
After impressing the audience with her debut Dhadak last year, Janhvi Kapoor is all geared up about her second film. She will be next seen playing an IAF pilot Gunjan Saxena in her biopic tentatively titled as Kargil Girl. The actress has been shooting for the film in Lucknow.
Yesterday, the shooting of the film was called off due to bad weather conditions. There were warnings of a thunderstorm due to which the team had to cancel the shoot. The makers and the actors were supposed to shoot the climax of the film for a few days.
also read: Mira Rajput poses with real and waxed Shahid Kapoor
As reported by a leading daily, a source from the team informed that Janhvi Kapoor and Angad Bedi, who plays her brother in the film, will be shooting for an intense scene at UP Sainik School in Lucknow and other places. One of the places where they will be shooting is near the air force station.
The shooting of Gunjan Saxena biopic will go on till May 24. To make sure that the shooting goes smoothly in the city, the security of the actors was increased. Janhvi is prepping for the war sequences at a flying club that will be shot for the film. The crew will next head to the UK for a month-long schedule in July.
The Gunjan Saxena biopic is being helmed by director Sharan Sharma. The film also stars Pankaj Tripathi who will be essaying Janhvi Kapoor's father's role in the film.
This Actor of 'Jab We Met' Will Become Villain at Laxmmi Bomb
Anushka opened the secrets of her married life, explained why she got married at an early age!
Breath 2: Amazon Prime Shares First Look of 3 Series Together!
Alia Bhatt's Special Wish On Katrina's Birthday, read what she wrote!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The following day found us at Milwaukee Union station for the next stage of our journey. It is just 86 miles to Chicago so we had a late morning start and an early afternoon arrival in Chicago Union station. It is worth remembering that this was another high speed section of the former Milwaukee Road. In 1938 this section was achieved in 75 minutes including the slow approaches to end stations.
We had soon checked into our hotel in the River North district and our first port of call after was the local branch of Rock Bottom not far away. This dates from 1995 and was formerly two separate premises, a café and record store. It is on the corner of State Street and Grand Avenue and the Grand station of the CTA Red Line is right outside. The building itself dates from the period of rebuilding following the Great Fire of 1871. Quite frankly, it doesn't look that old.
After a taster flight of beers and a pint of cask-conditioned Chicago Gold we were out and around for the afternoon / evening. We travelled from the aforementioned Grand station one stop to Lake in the "Loop" where we transferred to the Brown line and travelled in a north-west direction to Damen station. New York has its famous Flatiron building, so named for its unusual shape, but Chicago has its own version. After descending from the elevated railway I managed to take a photograph of it at the right angle, albeit against the light.
This is the Wicker Park district of the city and a very short walk took us to Piece Brewery & Pizzeria. This opened in September 2001 with Jonathan Cutler at the brewing helm. He had come from the nearby Goose Island Brewery and so was well versed in small breweries. This one is of seven barrels (bbls) capacity and normally turns out around 1,800 barrels per annum, although the original plans called for just 500 bbls a year. I have researched these facts and if they are correct means that they brew around 250 days a year, quite incredible!
The pub is basically one large room with an open kitchen where the New Haven-style pizzas are baked. These are different to the usual Chicago-style which have deep crusts, being much thinner. There was a good vibe that day as it wasn't too busy. We had a selection of beers here and liked them a lot. We left the pub and walked the short distance to the bus stop of route 72. (See photo, below right.) We caught the bus for a five minute run along North Avenue.
After a short walk we arrived at the Goose Island Brewery. It opened in 1988 and is named after an island in the nearby Chicago River. Back in 2004 it wasn't as well-known as it is today, see below. There was this pub-brewery and they had another near to Wrigley Park, the home of the Chicago Cubs baseball team, see below. The pub we were visiting is in the Lincoln Park district although it is referred to as the Clybourne outlet, presumably because it's on the avenue of that name.
A new brewery was opened in 1995 at West Fulton Street, but until 2015 it had no tap room. Even now it is only open Thursday to Sunday. The company was probably in its independent heyday when we visited.
In 2011 they were taken over Anhauser-Busch-InBev, the largest brewing company in the world. The Wrigleyville operation eventually closed at the end of 2015. It was this purchase by AB-IB that set off the process of large multi-national brewers taking over smaller respected breweries mainly to trade on their good name.
Going back, the Widmer Brothers Brewery of Portland, Oregon took a stake in 2004 and thereafter Goose Island has enjoyed nationwide distribution. So, a two brew-pub local operation has become part of a global network. Can anyone stand up and say that the "Craft Beer" name has not been subverted by this and other mega-breweries? It is so blatantly obvious they want to use the respect these small companies have acquired over the years to make themselves a lot of money and eventually quality will decrease. Don't fall for it!
Back to the innocent days of 2004, we were on our way again and walked to Armitage station of the RTA Chicago "L" (Elevated) railway. Then we went north for four stops to Addison station.
After descending to street level we couldn't help but miss the imposing edifice of Wrigley Field, home to the Chicago Cubs. I first saw this stadium around 1980 and it no doubt looked more modern now. Back then it seemed to be entirely constructed of wood.
A brief history of the Cubs won't go amiss here. They were founded in 1876 as an inaugural member of the National Baseball League.
They were named as the Chicago White Stockings and became Chicago Cubs in 1903. This was before their most successful seasons ever just prior to the First World War. They were in three consecutive years, for the first time in history, in the World Series, winning two.
They then went on a very prolonged period of winning nothing. There fans were (and are) very loyal but it must been very disheartening to have to watch this. They went 71 years without winning a single trophy and 108 years before being in the World Series. It all changed in 2016 when they won the National League Championship Series followed by the World Series.
So, here we were, going into a crowded pub; it was a match day. This is a huge pub and the atmosphere was electric. Gradually the supporters left; I guess we arrived during an intermission in play.
Sadly the pub is no longer with us. The landlord of the property wanted to redevelop it and throughout 2014 only one month leases were on offer. It closed at the end of the Cub's season that year, supposedly for ever. However a surprise awaited in April 2015 when it reopened. However it closed at the end of that season, for good. After this satisfying mini-crawl we went back to Addison station for a Red Line train to Grand station for a last one in Rock Bottom before retiring to our hotel.
We now had a break of two complete days away from our special train, yet not away from the rails.
The next morning Wednesday 23rd June we caught a Metra train from Chicago Union Station along the Milwaukee District North Line that runs to Fox Lake. Although we alighted at Libertyville, a journey of just over one hour. This medium sized town in the northernmost part of Illinois is home to Mickey Finn's Brewery.
This pub has been around for some time, over a hundred years apparently, and it acquired its own brewery in 1993.
A later development is that the brew-pub has moved since we visited. But not very far, just across the road to larger premises. I think this occurred in 2014 and was probably necessary as I remember it was rather small for a brew-pub and was very busy for a midweek lunchtime. We liked the beers a lot.
All too soon we were taking the ten minute stroll back to Libertyville station. We caught the Metra train back to Chicago Union station and then walked a few blocks to another station, the Ogilvie Transportation Centre. This is the former Chicago & North Western Railroad station with sixteen platforms.
It was completely rebuilt to accommodate the office building of CityCorp above which opened in 1987. The original station building of 1911 was knocked down in 1984.
I know I am not alone in thinking that the destruction of the old station was a crime. It was a wonderfully atmospheric place. I remember it had hand-cranked departure indicators when it was the Chicago terminus of the Chicago & North Western Rail Road. At that time the train shed survived, but between 1992 and 1996 it was sadly completely rebuilt anew.
Nowadays it is home to Metra's Union Pacific lines of which there are three. Union Pacific had taken over the Chicago & North Western in 1995, although in the historic pre-Amtrak era C&NW had handled the UP company's trains between Omaha (Nebraska) and Chicago. We were travelling on what was once that main line.
The station's name was changed to Ogilvie in 1997. We caught a train on Metra's Union Pacific West Line which heads towards Geneva.
We alighted from the train at Villa Park. No, not the more familiar one in Birmingham! It is about a forty minute run from Chicago. Our destination was Lunar Brewing Co. This is one of the lesser-known breweries of Chicago. I have seen it described as a bar with a brewery rather than a brew-pub and I think that is accurate.
We visited in the afternoon which was a very good time as we were told it gets very busy in the evenings. Entering the pub the bar counter with a considerable number of stools is seen on the right whilst there are high tables and stools on the right giving way to normal tables and chairs further down the room. At the end there is a small stage where Blues and Rock bands play on certain evenings. There is a nice mirrored bar back. Apart from their own beers, which we thought were well-crafted, they sell other small and national brewer's beers.
Back at Villa Park station we caught a train westwards to Geneva station (photo above right). The Metra trains once terminated here; now they continue to the west and tie up at Elburn. At Geneva station we came across the Third Street Bar & Grille with access directly from the platform. There was over thirty minutes before our bus departed and so we paid a visit. Unfortunately they offered only national brewers beers. I tried Budweiser Wheat, a company whose beers and a style I would not normally drink. It lived down to expectations. However, Linda had a great time with the free popcorn making machine.
Then it was on a Pace bus heading north to Elgin, which is not pronounced the same way as the city in Scotland. We got off near the main station and it was a less the ten minute walk to the Prairie Rock Bar & Grill. A notable aspect of our meander towards the brew-pub was crossing over the fast moving Fox River at dusk. The air was laden with flies and mosquitoes and it was very uncomfortable for a time.
The Prairie Rock was a large pub with a separate Chop House. We found it to be a pleasant place and thought the beers were fine. Nevertheless, we won't be hurrying back, as it has now closed.
Please have a look at the photograph above left. On the right you will see a part of the building with a convex shaped roof line. When we visited it was the Prairie Rock Chop House. This closed through lack of patronage, yet the pub continued to thrive.
In 2012 the former Chop House section was leased to the Discovery Church (founded 2007ad). This, in their own words is a "non-denominational Christ centered" organisation. In December 2015ad it purchased the freehold from the landlord for $1.5 million. In a gesture of Christian benevolence they served the pub notice to quit and sadly it closed in 2016ad.
We caught the train back from Elgin to Chicago Union on the Metra Milwaukee West Line. One for diesel loco fans. It was with a locomotive of type F40C originally built for the Milwaukee Road in 1974. A rare loco then, it had bitten the dust by the end of the year.
So on the morning of Thursday 24th June we found ourselves on the concourse of Randolph Street Station, which has been known as Millennium Station since 2005. When I first used it in the early 1980s the tracks and platforms were in the open and it was an ongoing building site. Over a period of around twenty years it has been totally covered over and now sits underneath Millennium Park.
Chicago has a fair distribution of brew-pubs and brewery tap rooms but they tend to be concentrated in certain areas with nothing in the Loop (central district). The northern suburbs round to the west and south-west are good hunting grounds. The east finds you in the middle of Lake Michigan, no good at all! And unfortunately the south side has very few. Nevertheless here we were catching a train to Flossmoor on the Metra (Suburban Railway) Electric Lines. See photo, below right.
The Millennium station is the only terminal in Chicago with electric trains, the rest rely on diesel operations. It was electrified in 1926 by the Illinois Central Railroad.
There is one main line and two branches. It also hosts trains of the Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad that crosses the state line into Indiana and serves Gary, Michigan City and South Bend. It was around a fifty minutes run to Flossmoor.
When we got there it wasn't far to the pub as it is situated in the station building. With ticket machines there is no need for the ticket office and station buildings often find new uses and the Flossmoor Station Brewery is one of these. We went down from the platform, turned right into the subway and right again to the front door.
In the 1990s the station building was in a poor state and deteriorating. Its saviours were local residents, Dean and Carolyn Armstrong who purchased it. That was back in 1996 when the pub and restaurant opened its doors. They added some new features and attempted to retain and restore the remainder. It has worked well and it has a good pub feel.
The station was built in 1906 as a development opportunity. It is said that there were only six houses in Flossmoor at that time. Of course it soon changed.
Inside we found nice room and settled at the bar counter by a window to the railway. The brewery was behind glass at one end and we couldn't help but notice the magnificent carved wooden bar back. It looked like it had come from an old pub. Flossmoor Station is the centre of the community. We liked it here and had a selection of beers that was enjoyed considerably.
We took the train back to Chicago Randolph Street and then transferred to Union Station. From here we were destined for Aurora, the end station on the Metra BNSF (Burlington Northern-Santa Fe Railway) Line. Although this line is part of the Metra network it is operated and staffed with employees of the host railroad. We caught an express train which got us there in about an hour.
And if you thought you'd got away with the last railway connections you would be wrong because we were heading towards Walter Payton's Roundhouse. This is the magnificent roundhouse that once was home for locomotives. It was built in 1856 for the Chicago and Aurora Railroad. That became the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad in 1868 as ambitions to extend westward came to fruition.
Eventually the CB&Q extended all the way to Denver, Colorado. In 1901 it was jointly taken over by the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads, yet kept its separate identity. In fact it expanded by purchasing railroads that took it down into Texas. It was famous for the Zephyr trains that operated from Chicago to many cities, often on other railroads. Even now the California Zephyr from Chicago to Oakland operated by national passenger train operator Amtrak stops daily at Aurora on its long journey to the Pacific Ocean.
The railroad ceased using it in 1974 and it lay empty for twenty-one years. It was placed on National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The building was purchased in 1995 by investors led by Walter Payton, a well-known former player with the Chicago Bears American Football team. It opened in 1996 as a microbrewery, bar, restaurant, museum and events centre as Walter Payton's Roundhouse.
The brewery within was known as America's Brewing Company and there was considerable quirkiness about the operation. Bears were the recurring theme. Not surprising really considering Mr Payton's former football club. There is a friendly bear family to be found on the way out to the patio, see photo above left. Also, a gigantic painting on the wall depicting a large number of bears dancing in the woods, photo above right. We thought it was really good, if not a little surreal, a bears' disco!
I presume this has now all gone because in June 2011 it reopened as the Two Brothers Roundhouse with ten beers from their brewery and two produced on the plant within the pub. Their home brewery is at Warrenville, Illinois. They have gone on to found a chain of pubs throughout Chicago-land and have even opened one pub as far away as Arizona!
Then we walked the very short distance to Aurora station and caught a train towards Chicago.
Yet, we didn't go the whole way, alighting at Downer's Grove. There was a certain amount of trepidation about this visit. We were going to Emmett's Brew Pub. A well-known website had provided information that this, the second branch of this brewery, would open in Downer's Grove on Monday, of that week!
Well it all worked out fine as the information was correct, thanks to the internet back in 2004! It turned out to be a very pleasant pub indeed, serving beers that had been made with high quality ingredients.
Their first pub was established in 1998 at West Dundee, Illinois and they now have four, the other two locations being Wheaton and Palatine. They are all around this part of Illinois and the first three established are housed in historic main street buildings. We had enjoyed ourselves here and recommend it, just a few minutes south of Downer's Grove Metra station where we headed next to go back to Chicago Union station.


text:
Effect of palliative care on quality of life and survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review
Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi1, Diana Sarokhani2, Mahin Ghafari3, Mohsen Mikelani4, Leila Mahmoodnia5
1 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Scinces, Shahrekord University of Medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
3 Department of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
4 Department of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
5 Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Date of Submission 08-May-2018
Diana Sarokhani
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah Uninversity of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah
Leila Mahmoodnia
Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord
Background: Cardiac and respiratory arrest is reversible through immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, survival after CPR is very low for various reasons. This systematic review study was conducted to assess the effect of palliative care on quality of life and survival after CPR. Methods: In the present meta-analysis and systematic review study, two researchers independently searched Google Scholar and MagIran, MedLib, IranMedex, SID, and PubMed for articles published during 1994–2016 and containing a number of relevant keywords and their Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) combinations. A total of 156 articles were initially extracted. Results: The success of initial resuscitation was reported to be much higher than the success of secondary resuscitation (survival until discharge). Moreover, the early detection of cardiac arrest, a high-quality CPR, immediate defibrillation, and effective postresuscitation care improved short- and long-term outcomes in these patients and significantly affected their quality of life after CPR. Most survivors of CPR can have a reasonable quality of life if they are given proper follow-up and persistent treatment. Conclusions: Concerns about the low quality of life after CPR are therefore not a worthy reason to end the efforts taken for the victims of cardiac arrest. More comprehensive education programs and facilities are required for the resuscitation of patients and the provision of post-CPR intensive care.
Keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, palliative care, postcardiopulmonary resuscitation survival, quality of life
Dehkordi AH, Sarokhani D, Ghafari M, Mikelani M, Mahmoodnia L. Effect of palliative care on quality of life and survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review. Int J Prev Med 2019;10:147
Dehkordi AH, Sarokhani D, Ghafari M, Mikelani M, Mahmoodnia L. Effect of palliative care on quality of life and survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review. Int J Prev Med [serial online] 2019 [cited 2020 Jan 19];10:147. Available from: http://www.ijpvmjournal.net/text.asp?2019/10/1/147/266132
Cardiac arrest is a sudden failure in the pumping function of the heart.[1],[2],[3] It may occur inside or outside the hospital and is among the leading causes of mortality throughout the world.[4],[5],[6],[7],[8] About 350,000–450,000 cases of cardiac arrest are annually recorded in the United States and Canada.[9] Moreover, the condition is responsible for 700,000 deaths in Europe each year.[10] Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is among the key medical procedures used in casualties of accidents and disasters. When applied within the first 4–6 min and before brain death, basic CPR can reestablish blood flow and increase the chance of survival by two to four times.[11],[12] Using CPR as a general skill is an innovative advancement in medical sciences. Since it is a rapid and immediate intervention for preventing death due to sudden cardiopulmonary arrest, public training on CPR is recommended in many countries.[13],[14] CPR actually aims to revive blood flow to patients' vital body organs, such as the heart and lungs, and thus improve their survival.[15] Palliative care is fundamentally an approach that is expected to enhance patients' and their families members' quality of life with emphasis on relief of pain and suffering through an early diagnosis, an appropriate assessment, treating pain and physical, psychological, or spiritual concerns.[16] Self-care is a part of palliative care.[17] Self-care measures play an essential role in the management of patients with chronic disease. The involvement of these patients in self-care programs helps them change their behaviors toward a healthy lifestyle and increase their own quality of life.[17],[18] In a comprehensive definition, quality of life is a precise general and detailed perception of physical, mental, and social health under a particular person's circumstances.[12],[13],[14],[18],[19] Enhancing patients' quality of life should be considered as the main objective of medical interventions.[13]
Health-related quality of life reflects the effects of the disease and its treatment on patients' perspectives and experiences.[16] A poor quality of life is associated with deterioration of the disease, a lower survival, longer hospital stay, and reduced functioning.[19],[20] Quality of life is one of the main components in the evaluation of treatment efficacy.[21],[22] CPR is considered successful when the patient survives with an acceptable quality of life. Quality of life involves different physical and psychosocial aspects of an individual's life which are all affected by CPR. Unfortunately, all the technological advances and efforts devoted to CPR survival after cardiac and respiratory arrest have not visibly improved.[23]
The outcomes of cardiac arrest within the hospital are likely better than the outcomes of arrests outside the hospital.[24] Although major advances in the implementation of CPR have been made in the recent decades, few interventions have been developed to improve care and enhance the quality of life in patients after CPR. Many countries lack a clear guideline for the follow-up of patients and the improvement of their quality of life after CPR. Moreover, few studies have examined the outcomes of CPR and the quality of life in patients after this medical intervention. This systematic review study was done with the aim of the effect of palliative care on quality of life and survival after CPR.
This study was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).[17] As stated by PRISMA, search, article selection, qualitative evaluation of the selected articles, and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers. To find relevant studies, Google Scholar and MagIran, MedLib, IranMedex, SID, and PubMed databases were searched for a number of keywords, that is, CPR, post-CPR survival, quality of life, and systematic review, and their combinations were made using AND and OR Boolean operators which were found in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) [Figure 1].
Figure 1: Search strategy
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
The studies that assessed patients' quality of life after CPR were included. Studies with insufficient data or poor quality, studies unrelated to the title investigated, studies without random samples, and studies that investigated patients' quality of life before CPR were excluded. The studies were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the eligible studies were finally analyzed.
Study selection
The quality of articles was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROB) checklist.[22] This checklist contains 22 items covering different sections of a report. The scores of the checklist vary between 0 and 44. Each item is given a particular score with more important items having higher scores.
The initial search yielded 161 articles. Of these, 70 articles were excluded after reviewing their titles and abstracts, respectively. The full texts of the 44 remaining articles were reviewed and 33 articles were excluded due to incomplete data and poor quality. Eventually, 11 eligible articles entered the analysis [Figure 2].
Figure 2: Flow diagram of study selection process
Data extraction form was developed during the extraction of data from the selected articles. Two researchers independently performed data extraction and a third researcher revised the extracted data. This minimized the amount of reporting error.
Literature search results
A total of 11 articles with a pooled sample size of 3893 were analyzed. These studies were published between 1994 and 2016.
The properties of the studies are listed in [Table 1].
Table 1: Characteristics of studies qualified for systematic review
The success of initial resuscitation was reported to be much higher than the success of secondary resuscitation (survival until discharge). Moreover, early detection of cardiac arrest, a high-quality CPR, immediate defibrillation, and effective postresuscitation care improved short- and long-term outcomes in these patients and significantly affected their quality of life after CPR.
Based on a review of the literature, 335,000 Americans experience cardiac arrest out of the hospital each year. A similar number of arrests also occur during hospitalization.[36] In a prospective study in Croatia, 120 cases of cardiac arrest were recorded among 32,861 hospitalized patients. Of these, 96 received CPR and 22% were discharged from the hospital.[37] The National Institutes of Health in the United States reported the initial success of CPR as 44% and the survival rate until discharge as 17%. This rate is equal to 16% in the United Kingdom.[22] In Iran, however, the mortality rate after CPR exceeds 90% and the rate of survival until discharge is less than 7%.[27]
The prevalence of cardiac arrests occurring outside the hospital in adults and treated as a medical emergency is 62 per 100,000 per year and 75%–85% of the cardiac arrests have an initial cardiac cause. There is a significant disparity in the reported rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its outcomes in different regions. In Europe, the rate of survival until hospital discharge is estimated as 8% in these patients. Evidence suggests increased survival rates mainly due to greater efforts made for performing CPR.[38] In the United Kingdom, coronary heart disease (CHD) causes sudden death in 21% of men and 12% of women.[39] In Iran, 74,555 of all deaths, i. e. 35.89% of all deaths in the country, are caused by CHD.[27]
Given the small number of patients who survive after CPR, it is essential to address the determinants of survival in these patients, ensure their proper follow-up and care, and attempt to resolve their problems. Patients' survival depends significantly on their conditions before the CPR. It appears that the number of people who survive after CPR and get discharged from the hospital is much less than the presumed rates. Roben et al. assessed the quality of life after cardiac and respiratory arrest in hospitals in Australia. Of the 750 beds examined, survival until discharge was reported in only 10 patients (20%). Early detection of cardiac arrest, immediate basic life support, use of semi-automatic defibrillators, and availability of resuscitation devices were reported as some of the measures affecting survival after CPR. Being controlled or monitored before the cardiac arrest, the interval between cardiac arrest and the arrival of the resuscitation team, being hospitalized in the evening shift, and an initial shockable rhythm were the four dependent variables involved in the restoration of spontaneous blood circulation and initial resuscitation.[40]
Goodarzi et al. reported the initial, ultimate, and 6-month success of CPR as 15.3%, 10.6%, and 12.8%, respectively,[29] An initial shockable rhythm, the timing of the first shock after checking the patient's rhythm, the interval between the cardiac arrest and the arrival of the resuscitation team, being controlled at the time of the cardiac arrest, and persistent monitoring after CPR were some of the main factors involved in the initial success of CPR. According to the findings of Salari et al., 64% of the cases of CPR were unsuccessful and resulted in death of the patients and 28% were successful in the short term. Only 7.2% of the patients had a long-term survival and were eventually discharged from the hospital. Of these, 2.8% continued to have a functioning brain. They proposed poor quality of post-CPR care as an important link in the chain of survival and reported low CPR survival to be attributed to lack of personnel and equipment for regular care and constant monitoring of post-CPR care.[28] Compared with other patients, those with cancer have a lower rate of survival after CPR, and the rate of survival in patients with cancer who get CPR in intensive care units (ICUs) is 80% less than the rate in patients with cancer who undergo CPR at general hospital wards.[31] Furthermore, patients' conditions in the ICU, an initial shockable rhythm, and the length of CPR were reported as variables associated with survival until discharge. Therefore, continuous training and the use of advanced equipment are the main factors involved in patients' survival after CPR. Compared with patients with kidney disease, cancer, hemorrhage, or infection, patients with heart disease seem to have a better prognosis and a longer survival after resuscitation. Other studies have also highlighted a higher rate of hospital discharge in patients with heart disease compared with other patients. In fact, none of the resuscitated patients with cancer, kidney disease, hemorrhage, or infection were discharged from the hospital.[41]
The results from Kim et al.'s study indicate that 6 months after resuscitation in neurological patients, nearly all the surviving patients lacked an optimal brain function.[32] In a study by de Vos et al., 5 patients went into a vegetative state and 51 others died during the first days after discharge. Most survivors (75%) led nondependent lives and 16% showed symptoms of depression in the tests. The findings indicated that although CPR was considered an unsuccessful measure, when successful, it was associated with a high-quality life in patients below 70 years of age.[26] These findings contradicted with the results of Kim et al. who found better results in cerebral evaluation 1 month after CPR than that performed 6 months after CPR. Nolan reported that despite their possible cognitive and psychological problems, patients discharged from the hospital after cardiac arrest enjoyed a generally good quality of life.[37]
In a study in Iran, only 2.8% of patients who were discharged from the hospital after resuscitation had optimal brain function.[28] Nichol et al. showed that an increased duration of resuscitation reduced the quality of life. Moreover, patients who were resuscitated in the emergency department or ICU had a better prognosis compared with those who were resuscitated in general departments.[42] Although some studies rated the quality of life in the survivors of CPR as acceptable or good,[43] others documented experiences of pain and suffering to have negative effects on the quality of life in CPR survivors compared with other patients.[44] Nevertheless, some other studies identified no differences in this regard.[45] Veronique et al. showed that early initiation of rehabilitation interventions improved the patients' quality of life and cognitive and emotional functioning and led to lower anxiety levels compared with the administration of routine hospital care. In the former case, the patients could return to work and social life more quickly. According to this study, an emphasis on the patients' cognitive impairment and the focus of interventions on improving cerebral cognitive function in the early stages of the patients' rehabilitation caused a faster recovery compared with the controls.[30] Other studies have also confirmed the findings of this study.[46]
Many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated the quality of life of patients with cancer,[42] diabetes,[43] and cardiac diseases[44] in Iran. The present systematic review aimed to assess post-CPR quality of life of patients.
Overall, the results of this study are cause for concern, as only a small number of patients were discharged from the hospital after resuscitation, and of this small number, even fewer had an optimal quality of life. Although the survival of patients after cardiac arrest has also been low in many other studies, further studies need to be conducted on the outcomes of CPR and the quality of life in patients after this medical intervention. Different factors, including lack of the required facilities in hospitals, poor skills of the medical personnel in emergency departments, lack of interdepartmental coordination, and nonstandard medical emergency centers and relevant units, reduce the survival rate of patients after cardiac arrest. However, a number of measures such as general training on the basics of CPR, reducing the response time of emergency medical centers, better equipment of ambulances, continuing training in advanced CPR for medical personnel, and forming a cohesive group for performing CPR can improve the efficiency of CPR and increase the survival rate of the patients. Although survival is low after CPR, most survivors continue to have a reasonable quality of life if they receive proper treatment and follow-up.[26] Many patients are left alone to themselves after the initial success of CPR and care providers fail to continue the initial sensitivity they show at the time of CPR. This negligence is one of the major causes of the high mortality rate in patients undergoing CPR. Moreover, many patients do not survive the hospital at all. Concerns about the low quality of life are not enough reason to end the efforts taken for the victims of cardiac arrest.[30] According to the results of Goodarzi et al., there are no significant differences in the initial success of CPR between different age groups. However, the success rate was found to be lower in the night shift than in the morning and evening shifts. Moreover, although the risk of death was 1.04 times higher in men than in women, no statistically significant relationships were observed between gender and the initial success rate or between gender and the final outcome of CPR. The authors suggested fair distribution of health personnel between all three shifts, better management plans for improving CPR and its outcomes, and ensuring a more careful follow-up of the patients after CPR as methods to increase the success rate of CPR.[29]
Most mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, are highly prevalent in patients recently discharged from ICUs. Such problems may affect their ability to perform daily activities and participate in the community. Psychological problems, cognitive dysfunction, and problems in daily functioning among survivors of CPR are associated with a reduced quality of life.[47] In a study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, de Vos et al. investigated the characteristics of patients before, during, and after CPR and examined the effects of CPR on patients' quality of life, cognitive function, depression, and dependency 3 months after discharge. From a total of 827 resuscitated patients, 12% survived and were followed up. Of these, 89% participated in the study. Most of the survivors (75%) lived independent lives, 17% were cognitively damaged, and 16% showed symptoms of depression. The researchers found the quality of life to be affected by four factors including the reason for hospital admission, age before resuscitation, a prolonged arrest, and coma after resuscitation. The quality of life was poorer in survivors after resuscitation compared with the control group of older adults but better than the control group of patients experiencing stroke.[26]
Differences in the types and times of neurological evaluations in previous studies make a concise and specific conclusion impossible. It is generally accepted that long-term evaluations should be postponed by at least 6 months and preferably up to 1 year after a cardiac arrest. Studies on long-term neurological outcomes have generally reported a good outcome in more than 85% of the patients. The general definition of brain function grade II is "disabled but independent" and includes patients with hemiplegia, convulsions, and permanent changes in memory. However, this classification system provides only a raw estimate of neurological outcomes, and studies that use more sensitive tests of memory and cognition have detected mild cognitive impairment in most survivors of cardiac arrest.[32],[37] Further efforts are needed to identify effective strategies that can help improve survival and quality of life after CPR. Despite the advances in treatment processes and medical equipment, the prognosis and outcomes of CPR are still poor in patients with sudden cardiac and respiratory arrest as well as in diabetics or liver failure.[45],[46],[47] Nonetheless, the formation of evaluation committees for CPR can be a helpful step in understanding the reason for this disparity in different centers.
Considering the results of this study showed CPR leads to an increase in the quality of life and survival of patients, developing palliative care and improving the available facilities for both CPR and intensive post-CPR care in hospitals in Iran are necessary steps. As heart disease is a lifelong condition that affects different aspects of a patient's life, the empowerment of these patients and the improvement of their quality of life are essential. Efforts should, therefore, be made to enhance the care and follow-up of patients after CPR. Moreover, a greater emphasis should be placed on this group. To facilitate the better follow-up of the patients, localized evidence-based guidelines need to be developed based on the local medical teams' performance in post-CPR care.
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Nichol G, Stiell IG, Hebert P, Wells GA, Vandemheen K, Laupacis A, et al. What is the quality of life for survivors of cardiac arrest? A prospective study. Acad Emerg Med 1999;6:95-102.
Elliott VJ, Rodgers DL, Brett SJ. Systematic review of quality of life and other patient-centred outcomes after cardiac arrest survival. Resuscitation 2011;82:247-56.
Graf J, Mühlhoff C, Doig GS, Reinartz S, Bode K, Dujardin R, et al. Health care costs, long-term survival, and quality of life following Intensive Care Unit admission after cardiac arrest. Crit Care 2008;12:R92.
Smith K, Bernard S. Quality of life after cardiac arrest: How and when to assess outcomes after hospital discharge? Resuscitation 2014;85:1127-8.
Ratcovich H, Sadjadieh G, Andersson HB, Frydland M, Wiberg S, Dridi NP, et al. The effect of TIcagrelor administered through a nasogastric tube to COMAtose patients undergoing acute percutaneous coronary intervention: The TICOMA study. EuroIntervention 2017;12:1782-8.
Moulaert VR, Wachelder EM, Verbunt JA, Wade DT, van Heugten CM. Determinants of quality of life in survivors of cardiac arrest. J Rehabil Med 2010;42:553-8.
Dehkordi AH
Sarokhani D
Ghafari M
Mikelani M
Mahmoodnia L
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
postcardiopulmonary resuscitation survival


Overlooking the River Tay in Dundee*s city center and located just 5 minutes from Dundee Airport the Hilton Dundee/St Andrews Coast hotel is well placed for exploring Dundee attractions such as Discovery Point and Glamis Castle. Play golf at nearby Carnoustie and St. Andrews or enjoy shopping at the Overgate Retail Center. All Hilton Guest Rooms at the Hilton Dundee/St Andrews Coast hotel offer 32-inch flat screen TVs and on-demand movies. Keep in touch with high-speed internet access or dine in the comfort of your own room with the Room Service menu. Step up to a Deluxe Room and enjoy stunning views across the River Tay. Relax in the swimming pool or sauna at the refurbished LivingWell Health Club by Precor maintain your fitness regime in the gym or attend an aerobic class. Savor freshly sourced local and international cuisine in the Riverfront Bar and Grill or unwind with a drink from the extensive wine list. Plan an event in one of 9 meeting rooms for 5-350 and enjoy high-speed internet access in all meeting rooms and public areas.


Oren R. Lyons, is a Native American Faithkeeper of the Turtle Clan of the Seneca Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. Once a college lacrosse player, Lyons is now a recognized advocate of indigenous rights. Lyons has been awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Syracuse University. He has been the recipient of the Ellis Island Medal of Honor, the National Audubon Society's Audubon Medal, the Earth Day International Award of the United Nations, and the Elder and Wiser Award of the Rosa Parks Institute for Human Rights. Lyons serves on the board of the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development and is board chairman of Honoring Contributions in the Governance of American Indian Nations. Lyons has authored numerous books. He has also illustrated children's books in collaboration with Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve (Brulé Lakota). He is the publisher of Daybreak Magazine.


Jack owns the amulet that his mother left him before her death, an artifact with more than 1000 years of history, she used to say. Nobody ever believed his mother's words in the village, she told stories about fantastic worlds that were hidden in the thoughts of people.
One night, Jack discovers that his mother was right: the amulet transports him to the world of dreams. There he will have to defeat the lords of the nightmares who reign there and discover how to return home.
Character concept, modelled Zbrush and Maya, and rendered in Arnold.


Did you know our homes can be built in any open subdivision or outlot? Whether you want to live in a close-knit community close to everything or on a private 10 acre lot, we can help you build your dream home. Builder carried land and construction loans make it a breeze, so give us a call to get started today!
It's time to call Azbury home. This beautiful SW Allen County community offers scenic pond and wooded views, quiet country charm, and an association pool. Azbury is conveniently located just minutes from I-69, all of the SW amenities, and situated within the award winning Southwest Allen County School District.
Located in Dekalb County just 15 minutes north of Fort Wayne, Bear Creek Estates is a tight-knit community in Northeast Indiana's scenic countryside. Ponds, protected woods, and plenty of wide sidewalks make this a true family community.
Located in north Huntington County Carlisle Crossing offers both city & country living. This well established community is just minutes from Parkview Huntington, Huntington University & local K-12 schools.
Look no further than the beautiful community that is Foxwood. This outstanding subdivision is location in Northeast Fort Wayne and offers many desirable amenities, building sites, and established homes. There are miles of walking trails for relaxing strolls or family fitness, a 17 acre lake, and a pool and pool house.
Milagro is one of Northwest Allen County's newest communities. Less than 5 minutes gets you onto I-69 for a work meeting in Indianapolis or a weekend away at the lakes. Milagro is convenient to great dining, shopping and Parkview Regional and Dupont Hospitals.
Fort Wayne's newest community is here offering 50+ lots to choose from for your custom Majestic Home. Enjoy a quick commute to Lutheran Hospital, shopping, and all of the action downtown Fort Wayne has to offer.
Prairie Meadows is the place for your family if you are looking for a quiet country setting and a sense of community. Conveniently located between Fort Wayne and Huntington and just a short walk greet the kids at the elementary school.
The highly desired Summer Field Estates offers premier building sites. A beautifully established subdivision with quality-built homes and new construction coming soon. Only a short commute to town conveniences and Rozella Ford Golf Course. Located in the Washington Elementary STEM Academy district!
We welcome the community to visit Talis Park in Northwest Fort Wayne featuring 80 lots with a range of types including daylight and lake lots. Talis Park has new spec and model homes currently being constructed and is located off of Coldwater Rd, just north of Dupont Road in the award winning Northwest Allen County School district.
Talons Reach is a unique community on Hathaway Road that offers gorgeous lots overlooking acres of wooded common areas. This is a quiet setting within minutes of all things Northwest Fort Wayne. Don't miss you chance to build or buy a spec home in this fabulous community.
Located in Northwest Fort Wayne, this quiet community offers a country setting and is just minutes away from all of Northwest Fort Wayne's amenities.
COMING SOON! Tuscany Subdivision, offering one and two-story homes with modern and traditional floor plans available. In the popular Jefferson Elementary school district and near the popular Village of Winona Lake and the Winona Lake Trail System. Neighboring subdivisions include Lexington Manor and Heritage Lake Park!


Ever since the founding of remote control system, it has changed our ways of living for the better. This break through has also brought upon numerous contributions to the technological field which is very crucial in today's economy and industries. A remote control system consists of a receiver and one or many transmitter(s). The transmitter sends a signal to the receiver and in turn operates the desired function. The effective distance ranges from a couple of meters to over thousands of meters depending on the type of transmission used. Remote control system not only makes our lives more convenient (e.g. saving effort to walk back and forth just to turn on or off the television, change channels, adjusting volumes of speakers, etc), but also saves us a lot of time, money and effort when rectifying and troubleshooting crucial problems (e.g. rectifying power failures immediately anywhere without travelling to the job site, controlling CCTV cameras and scanning through video data without going to the company, etc.) When dealing with remote control systems, we can classify them into 2 broad categories which are the domestic and commercial field. In this project, I will be focusing on domestic remote control systems.


text:
Ancistrocerus rufoluteus är en stekelart som beskrevs av Gusenleitner 1996. Ancistrocerus rufoluteus ingår i släktet murargetingar, och familjen Eumenidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Murargetingar
rufoluteus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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I spent all summer training for my 4th Portland Marathon and I did it! I made it through Portland Marathon number four and again I fell in love with the event. Here's a video of the National Anthem before the race started. Wow! It was an awesome way to start the race, all 15,000 participants singing together.
Then a couple weeks later I completed another marathon... a marathon of pumpkin related events all in one weekend. Below is my mini-movie created in iMovie of the fun.


Ceres facts perhaps may become so much unfamiliar for some people. This has become so much popular for those who really want to learn more about such Ceres planet. So, if you want to learn as well about it, you need to read more below actually.
If what we discuss here is about Ceres, the fact is that such planet has become one of dwarf planets which are lately found. You should know also that it is the smallest among others having the diameter of 950 km.
Any people should also understand that the name of such planet has the meaning of Roman Goddess of harvest. Ceres planet also has the meaning of Goddess of motherly. Learning about Ceres may help you to understand about how you can learn about the name of such planet indeed.
You need to know that Ceres was first discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi in the year of 1801. The founding indeed becomes so much important for any people who really want to learn better about such planet. It is actually Italian who found the planet actually.
You need to know that people may recognize Ceres as the part of asteroid belt. In this case, you should know that such planet lies within the asteroid belt of Mars and also Jupiter. Yet, people still debate about in how to classify Ceres actually.
People need to recognize that Ceres has been recognized for 50 years as planet. The fact is that it has gained the planetary symbol as well. Yet, later Ceres was recognized as asteroid although there is still debate about it.
Although Ceres has been classified long as asteroid, later there is certain constitution which may lead Ceres to regain the classification as a planet. This is within the year of 2006 of which the planet regaining the classification as planet instead of asteroid.
Next fact that you need to know about Ceres is that it is the largest object within the asteroid belt of Jupiter and Mars. Yet, it is smaller 14 times than the smallest planet such as Pluto.
You may notice that such planet has the small size and also the mass which has provided the planet with spherical size. It is so much important indeed for any of you to gain the information about it.
If you review about Ceres, you may find out the fact that such planet has the rocky core along with its icy surface. The thickness of the icy mantle is about 100km thick.
There are many people who believe that such planet has indeed the atmosphere. Yet, the amount of the atmosphere is very weak there.
Studying facts about Ceres for some people indeed may become so much boring. Yet, this may lead people to gain better information about such dwarf planet actually.


text:
Melissa Avery, '76, Becomes Editor-in-Chief of Midwifery Journal
After nearly three decades as a professor, Avery, '76, is now in the process of retiring from her role at University of Minnesota and gearing up to take on another adventure—as editor-in-chief of the Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health.
In the '60s and '70s, many women who pursued a higher education degree became teachers or nurses. Growing up in Peoria, Illinois, Melissa Avery, '76, vacillated between the two paths.
"When I was in high school, women's career choices were limited, and that was just the way it was. I did well in English, so for a while, I really thought that I would be an English teacher and a guidance counselor," she said. "Then, I was inspired by my aunt who was a nurse and basically ran a physician's office. She was in charge of everything, and I thought, 'Maybe I will be a nurse instead.' I thought her position was so cool."
NIU was an easy choice for Avery, both because of its nursing reputation and her father's input.
"My father said something to me like, 'I have been paying taxes to the State of Illinois all these years, so pick a state college and apply,'" Avery said. "He took me to visit NIU when I was a senior in high school, and I applied to the School of Nursing."
Today, nearly 50 years later, Avery has made a path of her own, combining her love of science, clinical practice, research and writing. After earning her bachelor's degree in nursing in 1976, she went on to earn a master's in nursing with specialization in midwifery from the University of Kentucky in 1981. She earned a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1993, while partnering with her husband in raising their two young children.
For the past 28 years, she has worked as a professor at the University of Minnesota, helping future generations of midwives and nurses to accomplish their career goals. She is now in the process of retiring from her role at Minnesota and gearing up to take on another adventure—as editor-in-chief of the Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health.
Her road to midwifery was a long one. In her days at NIU, Avery participated in clinical rotations in perinatal care, in both the postpartum and labor units, and it was something that always appealed to her. After college, she worked as a postpartum nurse and a labor nurse prior to pursuing her graduate degrees.
"When I was a senior at NIU, I remember reading about nurse-midwifery, which was not common then at all," she said. "While I was working at Prentice Women's Hospital in Chicago, I worked with a midwife and thought, 'This is for me!' I knew that, if I ever wanted to go on to be a professor and do research, I would need a doctorate. So, after completing my master's degree, I moved to Minnesota to accept a midwifery position and, several years later, I began working toward my Ph.D."
Avery (second from the right) protests for the opportunity for nursing students to have parking near Montgomery Hall. This article first appeared in the Northern Star in the 1970s.
She joined the University of Minnesota full time as an assistant professor in 1994. Over nearly three decades, she has had the privilege to teach the next generation and continue her research, often publishing and reviewing work in health journals like Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health.
"I published papers in the journal across my whole career, I worked as a reviewer and edited a column in the journal before I was appointed as a consulting editor and then as an associate editor," Avery said. "I've also worked as an editor on two books, so when this opportunity came up, I knew I was retiring from the university and thought, 'Maybe this is the perfect thing for me!'"
Beginning in September, Avery will learn the ins and outs of editorship from the current editor-in-chief, taking over in January 2022, while coming full circle with her love for English and writing.
"In this new role, I hope to mentor colleagues who are coming along in their work in writing, research and scholarship," she said. "I want to help as others have helped me and continue to increase diversity, especially racial diversity, both in the people who publish in our journal and in our editorial team. We want to reflect fully our membership, and the people we care for.
After so many years of success, Avery fondly remembers her days at NIU, where she got her start. On campus during the politically volatile early '70s, Avery learned to speak up for what she believed in.
While on campus, Avery was an officer in the NIU student-nurse organization. At that time, nurses were often educated in hospital-based settings, and many nurses were advocating for university-based nursing education. One of the ways Avery and classmates did that was to stop wearing the traditional nursing caps in their graduation photos.
"It didn't look very academic," she said. "So, three or four of us didn't wear our caps in our pictures, but the majority wasn't ready to give it up yet."
Avery also advocated for nursing students to have parking near the School of Nursing at Montgomery Hall.
"We often had to be on a bus for clinicals at about 5 a.m. to travel to Rockford and other places," she said. "It was tough to get up so early to get to campus and board the bus to begin the ride to our clinicals. We wanted a place to park close to Montgomery Hall."
Looking back at her career, Avery credits NIU for believing in her and expecting great things.
"NIU was a really good experience for me, and the nursing program was excellent," she said. "I remember when I first visited NIU back in 1972, I met some faculty members, and their attitude still sticks with me today. One of the faculty spoke with me and made the off-handed comment, 'Oh, you'll go on,' meaning I would go on to more schooling and do well in nursing. There was an overwhelming feeling of growth and leadership there. They believed in me from the beginning."


text:
Made to Order Navy and Marines
Sku: AF4U1NT
Model Name: F4-1D CONSAIR CHANCE VOUGTH
Manufacturer: VOUGHT
F4U-1D (Corsair Mk IV): Built in parallel with the F4U-1C, but was introduced in April 1944. It had the new -8W water-injection engine. This change gave the aircraft up to 250 hp (190 kW) more power, which, in turn, increased performance. Speed, for example, was boosted from 417 miles per hour (671 km/h) to 425 miles per hour (684 km/h). Because of the U.S. Navy's need for fighter-bombers, it had a payload of rockets double the -1A's, as well as twin-rack plumbing for an additional belly drop tank. Such modifications necessitated the need for rocket tabs (attached to fully metal-plated underwing surfaces) and bomb pylons to be bolted on the fighter, however, causing extra drag. Additionally, the role of fighter-bombing was a new task for the Corsair and the wing fuel cells proved too vulnerable and were removed.
The extra fuel carried by the two drop tanks would still allow the aircraft to fly relatively long missions despite the heavy, un-aerodynamic load. The regular armament of six machine guns were implemented as well. The canopies of most -1Ds had their struts removed along with their metal caps, which were used — at one point — as a measure to prevent the canopies' glass from cracking as they moved along the fuselage spines of the fighters. Also, the clear-view style "Malcolm Hood" canopy used initially on Supermarine Spitfire and P-51C Mustang aircraft was adopted as standard equipment for the -1D model, and all later F4U production aircraft. Additional production was carried out by Goodyear (FG-1D) and Brewster (F3A-1D). In Fleet Air Arm service, the latter was known as the Corsair III, and both had their wingtips clipped by 8" per wing to allow storage in the lower hangars of British carriers.


text: Q: App not supported in Android Market for samsung tab 2 - GT-P3100 tablet I am creating an application only for tablets (7 and 10.1 inch). I put below the code in my android manifest file:         I put my app in Android market. But it's not showing up in my Samsung Galaxy tab 10.1. In that support device is only 7 inch Tablets. I want my app for both 7 inch and 10.1 inch but samsung galxt tab2-GT-P3100  is unsupported device in google play . Please, some one help me to solve this problem.


"Show me what you eat, I will tell you who you are": behind the burning adage of news at the time of social networks, immortalising his dish of the day in the light of all has moved into a real phenomenon of society. As a result of the infinite flow of information, traceability, seasonality of food and the working conditions of those who participate in the food chain are now criteria of choice, making food a standard social, political and economic. A vital act, feeding oneself is at the crossroads of cultural and medical practices, while referring to religious and ethical choices.
Totally in tune with the era, the exhibition "À table! What does Switzerland eat? » explores what is cooking under the lid of the pot of Homo helveticus. In constant evolution, Swiss culinary culture is reflected in the plurality of its regional specialities. What is our gastronomic heritage? Where does it take its roots? Approached from various scientific, historical and playful angles, these themes do not omit the taste part, which promises to leave no one indifferent. Planted décor, table upright: the exhibition revolves around table manners, different modes of preparation and consumption of food. She also wondered about the mechanisms of starvation and periods of abundance, taboos and the effects of food modes.
Thanks to many new objects, as well as collaborations with slow food and the Maison de la Riviere, the Swiss National Museum – Château de Prangins offers a focus on French-speaking Switzerland. The exhibition also highlights the social links created around family recipes, as well as the knowledge transmitted through professional innovations. Local production, biodiversity and plant heritage will be honored by the seasons in the Museum's vegetable garden, the largest Conservatory of forgotten vegetables and rare fruits in Switzerland.


The Wife likes to go to Wal-Mart.
I'm not a fan of Wal-Mart. But she is. And, when we're out, and when she gets the urge to go to Wal-Mart, we go to Wal-Mart.
Often, when she goes towards the girlie stuff -- fabrics, notions, knick-knacks, paddywhacks, whatever -- I will often head towards the electronics section, mumbling, "I need to check on blah blah blah."
Last time we went to Wal-Mart, though, I didn't. I followed along, pushing the shopping cart.
She headed to fabrics. And I saw something I didn't expect to see. Other than me in the fabrics section, that is.
She was looking at patterns.
You see, I'm not sure how much, if any, of what patterns are I actually need to explain.
So, if you know what I'm talking about ... well, you know what I'm talking about.
If you don't know what I'm talking about, it's semi-see-though paper that has sections marked off that are used to cut fabric for sewing together to make something.
For instance, on the shelf in the closet is a patter for a Star Trek Next Generation uniform that was going to be made for me for ... what? ... Hallowe'en? Star Trek convention? A gag? I don't know, but the uniform was never made and the pattern still sits on the shelf in the closet.
Anyway, we were at Wal-Mart. The Wife went to fabrics, I followed her, and she stopped at patterns.
There were McCall's patterns there.
Didn't that used to be a magazine?
My grandmother used to get McCall's magazine. I don't remember what was in it. Probably lady stuff. I do remember my sisters would cut out and play with the Betsy McCall cutouts inside the back cover.
In 2001, Rosie O'Donnell got involved with McCall's magazine in some way, and it became Rosie magazine. It lasted a little over a year before it folded.
Anyway, I thought that was the end of McCall's.
McCall's still does patterns, under the brands McCall's, Butterick, and Vogue.
I smiled when I saw the McCall's patterns, because it reminded me of the old magazine that was at Grandma's house.
The Wife bought some patterns. Maybe she'll make something. She probably will.
Unless it's a Star Trek uniform.
You can read a blog entry about the former Austrian actress Marisa Mell when she got a spread in McCall's Magazine!


congrats mate . First promotion.
Nah bro,i'm afraid we aren't but, should we consider joining it since our dear neighbour Croatia is pretty fucked up,their people leave like there's no tomorrow..
All true, but at least we can just go leave in lets say Germany and try for some work woth no visa... like Croatian do.. As now i need to wait for minimum 8 months to maybe get that visa for germany cuz i wann work there.. cuz no money in Serbia.
True my friend.. Hope you get it as much sooner as possible!


All fittings and fixtures have been removed from the former netball courts. The site has been fenced and the contractor has erected the silt fence. Conduits have been placed across the courts. These will provide access for electrics, a possible PA system and irrigation. Earthworks have progressed this week. Topsoil and unsuitable material have been removed and fill material is being imported. The depth of topsoil that needed removal was significantly greater than planned. Level adjustments have been made to minimise this potential overspend. Goal posts and lighting equipment have begun to arrive. Goal post footing hardware has been delivered, and lights will be delivered by the end of the week. The survey set out has also been completed.
Image: Foundation material being placed and spread to provide a sound base for the concrete slab.
Image: Trenches have been dug for services including electricity, water, irrigation and communications.