text:
About ISCA
Center for Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research of Lomonosov Moscow State University and ISC "Astana"
Center for China and Central Asia Studies of the Fudan University and ISC "Astana"
Astana School of Economics
Higher School of Business
Center for Innovation, Commercialization of Technologies and Investments
Sary-Arka Technopolis
Institute of Geography and Environmental Research
Caspian Institute
Institute of International Relations and Security
Institute of Information Technology and Security
Application Projects
Eng | Pyc
Is there any future for Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific partnerships?
D. Trump's election as the 45th President of the USA foregrounded the further fate of the Trans-Atlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP) and the Trans-Pacific partnership (TPP), which in case of implementation could have a significant impact on the world trade, as they affect the interests of all international factors. Let us step back in history.
I.Trans-Atlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP)
As B. Zaritsky notes, the trend towards an increase in the number of regional and trans-continental agreements on economic cooperation that frequently go beyond the WTO, is gaining momentum. The number of such agreements officially declared at the Secretariat of GATT/WTO increased from 20 in 1990 to 398 RTS in 2015. The RTS is perceived as a threat to multilateral trade system by numerous experts, since the main principle of the WTO – the most favoured nation treatment – as a means of providing non-discrimination, is losing its significance, and developing in the opposite direction for the countries which are not parties to the RTS.[1].
These include the Trans–Atlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP) project, which has been negotiated among the USA and the EU since 2013
On the one hand, it was expected that reducing barriers to interaction between partners, whose volume of mutual trade of goods and services exceeds $1 trillion, and accumulated amount of mutual direct investments is close to $4 trillion, will be detrimental to many economic actors around the world. Ones will discover new market access opportunities; others will face with the weakening of their competitive position. The TPP would help to reduce tariffs, eliminate regulatory barriers to the European-American business and make requirements for companies rather universal.[2]
On the other hand, practical implementation of the TTIP would result in a change of global economic governance architecture in a situation where the Doha round of WTO negotiations was deadlocked [3]. Numerous experts noted that the TTIP implementation would aggravate economic imbalance to the neglect of the vast majority of countries outside the agreement.[4]
The USA and the EU expected to sign the TTIP until the end of B. Obama's presidency, however, from the very outset of the negotiations this project caused dissatisfaction in Europe for the reason of secrecy of the negotiations where mostly officials, eurocrats and largest companies' representatives were admitted.
After May, 2 2016 when the Netherlands branch of Greenpeace published 14 out of 30 chapters of the preliminary agreement version, the number of demonstrations against the TPP sharply increased.
The public campaign «Stop TTIP» asserted, that in case of agreement undertaking, food security and environmental protection standards will decrease, unemployment will emerge; it will also depress salaries and lead to the privatization of social services by big business. Activists were also outraged by the plans to facilitate access to the EU public procurements for American companies. According to experts, the new Trans-Atlantic alliance poses a threat both to social order and lifestyle of European population, and trade and economic interests of countries remaining beyond this association. [5]
In July, 2016 during the 14th round of the negotiations on TTIP between the USA and the EU serious disagreements regarding market access in services, public procurements in the USA, and protection of investors' rights emerged. The paragraph relating to the rights of investors which was insisted upon by the European Union, provided replacement of commercial arbitration courts with national when considering disputes. The USA opposed the European amendments and showed no willingness to compromise. [6]
France took a more rigorous position during the negotiations on TTIP. Thus, on August 30, 2016 the French Minister of Trade Matthias Fekl announced that the current round of negotiations on creation of the TTIP had to be suspended: "There is no more political support in France for these negotiations. The Americans give nothing or just crumbs. That is not how negotiations are done between allies."[7]
Discontent with future agreement on the TTIP engendered also in Germany. Particularly, on November 5, 2016, the Minister of Economy and Energy of Germany Zigmar Gabriel during his speech at the Asia-Pacific conference on German economy in Hong Kong, suggested to prepare and sign the global free-trade treaty under the auspices of the WTO. In his opinion, distribution of bilateral trade agreements can lead to divergences in standards and rules. To address the situation, it is necessary to restart discussions in the WTO even if the process of discussing complex bilateral treaties is going on. Since there is still no global treaty, it is important that bilateral agreements consider social, climatic and consumer standards, and do not concentrate on reduction of tariffs only. [8]
The chairmanship of Austria also sceptically estimated the prospects of agreement on the TTIP. On September 10, 2016 the chancellor Christian Kern expressly stated that the signing of this agreement "is extremely improbable". As he said, "under the guise of free trade the power is devolved to large scale concerns; that is contrary to the principles of democracy". The vice-chancellor of Austria Reinhold Mitterlener urged to resume negotiations with a clean slate. [9]
The TTIP project met powerful opposition even in the USA. Thus, on June 29, 2016 Donald Trump the U.S. presidential candidate from the Republican Party declared that the agreement on TTIP with the European Union is the greatest danger to the USA, the country needs to restore "economic independence", following the example of Great Britain.
According to D. Trump, the contract on TTIP means multimillion losses for the USA, which "China will enter through the back door": "We need bilateral trade deals, but not the TTIP which cannot be taken, as it will lead to crash". D. Trump emphasized: "The factories will remain closed. The borders will remain open. Trillions of our dollars and millions of our jobs flowed overseas as a result. They led us from one financial disaster to another". As he said, it is "stupid to allow foreign countries to export their goods to us tax-free, we have become more dependent on foreign countries than ever before." [10]
Trump's position was sharply scarified by the representatives of administration of B. Obama. On September 22, 2016 the sales representative of the USA of ministerial rank Michael Froman who was responsible for negotiations on the TTIP declared that D. Trump's views of trade agreements will result in stagnation in the Republican Party in the next years: "Where will the Republican and Democratic party be in 2017, 2018? Any Trump's view on trade agreements can become a problematic heresy or lead to stagnation of the Republican Party."[11]
However, at that moment few could have predicted that D. Trump, who confirmed his opposition to trans-continental agreements, would win the presidential election in the USA on November, 8 of this year. As a result, on November 12, 2016 "The German wave" with some grief stated: "Now, in several days after D. Trump's election as the U.S. President, this agreement, seemingly, moves towards a rapid and undistinguished death. After fourteen rounds of negotiations held over the last two years there will be no more." [12]
II. Trans-Pacific partnership (TPP)
The core of this project was the existing since 2006 agreement on the FTA between Brunei, New Zealand, Singapore and Chile. Soon negotiations on accession to the FTA (and processing of the relevant agreement) were entered by Australia, Vietnam, Canada, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the USA and Japan. Most importantly, Russia and China were not accepted into the negotiation process.
On October 5, 2015 the USA and 11 states of the APR tentatively agreed on creation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership – TPP, and in February, 2016 the relevant agreement was signed by Australia, Brunei, Vietnam, Canada, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the USA, Chile and Japan in Auckland (New Zealand). They account for 40% of the world trade, 27,5% of the world GDP, 23,9% of the world export, 26,7% of the world import and the 810-million population today. [13] It was supposed that the agreement on TPP had to be ratified by February, 2018. [14]
As experts note, the TPP is positioned as "the preferential trade agreement covering the widest range of issues including tariffs of goods and services' trade, investments, protection of intellectual property, settlement of disputes, environmental protection, labour relations, electronic trading, competition-related issues and performance of state enterprises.
Unlike many similar agreements, the TPP does not imply introduction of standard tariffs in goods' trade between participants, but provides individual tariff rates for each type of goods of all member states." [15]
It is supposed that all member states will have economic benefits (the agreement levels about 18 thousand tariffs), but at the same time it is clear that the TPP became a part of the so-called "Pacific pivot" of America, proclaimed on November 10, 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of State of that time H. Clinton in the run-up to the APEC summit in Honolulu. Particularly, H. Clinton declared: "America should fix the positions – diplomatic, economic, strategic and others – in this region; this is the main objective of the USA governance for the coming decades." [16]
May 2, 2016. The U.S. President B. Obama stated explicitly that the agreement on TPP will force all countries to follow the rules of trade established by the USA: "The construction of walls for self-isolation from the global economy only isolates us from incredible opportunities that it gives. On the contrary, America has to write the rules (of the global economy). America has to decide. Other countries have to play by the rules which are established by America and its partners, nor the other way around. The TPP is precisely what will allow us to make it. The world changes and the rules do. It is the USA, which has to write them, not the countries like China." [17]
At the same time B. Obama criticized the project of the Regional comprehensive economic partnership – RCEP under the auspices of China, stating that it will not prevent unfair competition on the part of state or state-subsidized companies. According to B. Obama, the RCEP will not protect freedom of Internet and intellectual property of American manufacturers. [18]
Let's note in this regard, that the RCEP is a project, which is negotiated upon by the ASEAN countries, Australia, China, India, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea and Japan. This classical agreement on the FTA designed to regulate such issues as trade in goods and services, competition, protection of intellectual property, settlement of disputes, economic and technical cooperation. In comparison with the TPP, the scope of the RCEP regulation is more limited, and negotiations provide more flexible approach when determining the measures for trade liberalization, depending on the level of economic development of participants. At the same time the preferential treatment for the export of goods is provided to less developed countries of ASEAN. [19]
On May 3, 2016 the official representative of the Chinese Foreign Ministry Hong Lei, commenting on B. Obama's statements on the TPP and RCEP, declared: "The USA is very ambitious making such statements, but I am afraid, they do not consider long-term prospects". Hong Lei added that China is open to the TPP and believes that it can complement the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) in the establishment of the free trade area in the Asian-Pacific region. [20]
It should be noted that the agreement on TPP was especially in focus of the presidential election campaign participants in the USA. On August 8, 2016 the U.S. presidential candidate from the Republican Party D. Trump declared that in case of his victory the USA will terminate the agreement on TPP.
According to D. Trump and his supporters, the action of TPP will increase unemployment and will promote decrease in salaries in the USA, will give unfair advantages to the foreign trade partners, and will also increase deficiency of the foreign trade balance of the USA. In general, according to D. Trump, the TPP is unprofitable for a number of branches of the American economy: "Just imagine how many more automobile jobs will be lost if the TPP is actually approved. It will be catastrophic. That is why I have announced we will withdraw from the deal before that can ever, ever, ever happen." [21] Let's note also that the ratification of TPP is opposed by the republican majority in the Congress of the USA. [22]
On October 27, 2016 the U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry declared that the updated Congress has to ratify the agreement on TPP and emphasized that the refusal of the TPP will become "a real tragedy for the American economy". According to him, the USA shouldn't reject the TPP as it will allow the growth, since a bulk of potential consumers of the American production lives in the countries which joined the TPP. [23]
After D. Trump's election as the U.S. President the White House recognized that it will not be able to achieve the ratification of the agreement on TPP from the Congress and decided to suspend a debate with the Congress. In this regard, on November, 11 of this year the American edition "Wall Street Journal" noted: "A sweeping Pacific trade pact meant to bind the U.S. and Asia effectively died Friday, as Republican and Democratic leaders in Congress told the White House they won't advance it in the election's aftermath, and Obama administration officials acknowledged it has no way forward now. [24]
As a result some countries began to reconsider the issue of participation in the TPP. For example, the President of Peru Pedro Cuchinsqui declared that the Agreement on TPP can be replaced with the treaty of Asia-Pacific countries without the USA, but with participation of Russia and China. Afterwards, on November 17 of this year, the Prime minister of Vietnam Nguyen Cuang Fuk announced: "The United States declared, that they stop the discussion of the TPP in the parliament, and, therefore, there are no sufficient conditions for Vietnam to submit the proposal on ratification of the agreement to the parliament." [25]
In this regard, on November 19, 2016 the Chinese President Jinping at a meeting with the president of Russia V. Putin on the sidelines of the summit of APEC in Lima (Peru) announced that China and Russia have to promote the process of creation of the free trade area in the Asia-Pacific region. [26] Earlier Xi Jinping criticized the Trans-Pacific partnership (TPP) where China was not included, stating that "closed and inclusive agreements are the wrong choice." [27]
Let's note also that on September 4, 2016, at an informal meeting of leaders of the countries of the BRIC on the sidelines of the G20 summit, the Russian President V. Putin announced: "Big concern is caused by a situation with the WTO which was also mentioned here, which loses prestige because of stagnation of the Doha round of negotiations, loses the status of the only universal negotiation platform on development of rules of the world trade. As a result the processes of creation of the closed associations, for example Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific partnership which do not supplement, but seek to replace the WTO, are escalating. But it is not the best way to resolve problems. The best way is to agree, and find a way to a compromise." [28]
Thus, the agreement on TPP which have been prepared for many years with the efforts of 12 states and which had to become one of the most important foreign policy achievements of Barack Obama's eight years' presidency, turned out to be a big question now. At the same time, the APEC summit which took place in Lima (Peru) also showed the divergent views of its participants concerning the destiny of TPP. As appears from the text of the final Declaration of the APEC summit, the countries of the region increasingly sift to the idea of creation of the free trade area in APR. [29]
In general, the dramatic history of Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific agreements allows to make the following important conclusion.
First, the negotiations on both agreements went on a similar trajectory and did not differ in special transparency. In both cases one of great powers tried to achieve the exclusive right to dictate the will in the world trade to its other participants. At the same time, China could appear the main loser in both cases.
Second, both agreements in case of their implementation would bring certain benefits to the participants (though not equally), but at the same time would promote the destruction of fundamental bases of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Third, the history of both agreements demonstrates that the success of similar trans-continental agreements depends more on existence of widespread support from the population and business community, not just from the state institutes of the relevant states.
[1] Зарицкий Б. Трансатлантическое партнерство: позиция Германии //http://www.mirec.ru/2015-04/Transatlantic-partnership-the-German-position.
[2] Germany's economy minister: U.S.-EU free trade talks have failed //http://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-usa-ttip-germany-idUSKCN1130FB.
[3] Афонцев С. Перспективы Трансатлантического торгово-инвестиционного партнёрства и интересы России //http://www.globalaffairs.ru/valday/Perspektivy-Transatlanticheskogo-torgovo-investitcionnogo-partnrstva-i-interesy-Rossii-18446.
[4] Соколянская А. Почему США и ЕС не могут договориться о Трансатлантическом партнерстве //http://carnegie.ru/publications/?fa=64348.
[5] Яковлев П.П. Трансатлантическое партнерство: контекст, значение, проблемные вопросы //http://www.perspektivy.info/oykumena/ekdom/transatlanticheskoje_partnerstvo_kontekst_znachenije_problemnyje_aspekty_2016-09-27.htm.
[6] Везель Б., Филатова И. Президентство Трампа поставит крест на TTIP? //http://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-ttip/a-36370430.
[7] Франция требует приостановить переговоры о зоне свободной торговли с США //http://www.aif.ru/politics/world/franciya_trebuet_priostanovit_peregovory_o_zone_svobodnoy_torgovli_s_ssha.
[8] Коваль И. Министр экономики ФРГ выступает за глобальный договор о свободной торговле //http://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B3-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5/a-36275639.
[9] Добров Д. Трансатлантический стопор: возможна ли торговая война между ЕС и США //https://ria.ru/analytics/20160909/1476518465.html.
[10] Трамп назвал стремление Обамы к «экономическому НАТО» большой ошибкой //http://vz.ru/news/2016/6/29/818614.html.
[11] Взгляды Трампа на торговые соглашения в США назвали «проблемной ересью» //http://www.vz.ru/news/2016/9/22/834179.html.
[12] Везель Б., Филатова И. Президентство Трампа поставит крест на TTIP? //http://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-ttip/a-36370430.
[13] Транстихоокеанское партнерство: что это такое и кому оно выгодно //http://inosmi.ru/infographic/20161005/237973093.html.
[14] Шелест Д. Транстихоокеанское партнёрство как предостережение //https://regnum.ru/news/economy/2193301.html.
[15] Веремеев Н. Торгово-экономическая конкуренция на Тихом океане //http://intertrends.ru/system/Doc/ArticlePdf/1584/9jGCFnJhjZ.pdf.
[16] Клинтон: 21-й век будет для Америки «тихоокеанским столетием» //http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/a/apec-clinton-2011-11-11-133676138/248344.html.
[17] President Obama: The TPP would let America, not China, lead the way on global trade //https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/president-obama-the-tpp-would-let-america-not-china-lead-the-way-on-global-trade/2016/05/02/680540e4-0fd0-11e6-93ae-50921721165d_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-c%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.c0c69876d7d2.
[18] Там же.
[20] Китай ответил на слова Обамы о том, кто должен «писать правила торговли» //https://ria.ru/economy/20160503/1425412284.html.
[21] Трамп заявил, что не допустит участия США в Транстихоокеанском партнерстве //https://ria.ru/world/20160808/1473878766.html.
[22] Трамп анонсировал выход США из Транстихоокеанского партнерства после своей победы на выборах //http://www.rosbalt.ru/world/2016/08/09/1539186.html.
[23] Керри назвал возможный провал ТТП трагедией для американской экономики //http://www.vz.ru/news/2016/10/27/840405.html.
[24] Obama Administration Gives Up on Pacific Trade Deal Congressional GOP leaders indicated they wouldn't consider Trans-Pacific Partnership in lame-duck session //http://www.wsj.com/articles/obama-administration-gives-up-on-pacific-trade-deal-1478895824.
[25] СМИ: Вьетнам отказался ратифицировать ТТП из-за изменений политики США //http://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/3790808.
[26] Си Цзиньпин: РФ и КНР должны содействовать созданию зоны свободной торговли в АТР //http://tass.ru/ekonomika/3798355.
[27] Председатель КНР призвал к созданию зоны свободной торговли в АТР //http://tass.ru/ekonomika/3797898.
[28] Неформальная встреча лидеров стран БРИКС //http://kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/52819.
[29] 2016 Leaders' Declaration Lima, Peru 20 Nov 2016 //http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2016/2016_aelm.aspx.
Alisher Tastenov. Features of the state information policy of Kazakhstan
Maksim Kaznacheyev. Development issues of corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan
Kozhirova S.B. The evolution of the foreign policy doctrine of modern China: continuity and innovation
Mukhamejanova G.R. Long-term prospects of Iran-Russia cooperation: to the results of the visit of the President of IRI H.Rouhani to Moscow (March 27-28, 2017)
Historical fate of the West in the context of modern political processes
Marat Shaikhutdinov. The state and prospects of the Kazakh-US cooperation in the field of global nuclear security
Leonid Skakovskiy. American-Tajik cooperation in 2016: retrospective and prospects
Nurlan Sarsenbay. The concept of a complex program of scientific and applied researches of the Caspian sea and the coast within the Atyrau and Mangystau regions
International Scientific Conference "The Silk Road Economic Belt and relevant issues of cooperation between China and Kazakhstan" was held in Astana on July 2, 2018.
Hangzhou consensus and its significance for the global economy: summary of the G20 summit (September 4-5, 2016)
Bolatkyzy N. China and the European Union: cooperation at the present stage
Bolatkyzy N. China's position on the Syrian conflict
Vyacheslav Dodonov. The financial sector of Kazakhstan in the period of low oil prices – the state and the key issues
ISC "Astana" Scientific Advisor's Blog
The state and prospects of the Kazakh-US cooperation in the field of global nuclear security (September 27, 2017)
NATO between the past and the future: to the results of the Alliance Summit in Brussels (May 25, 2017)
Zbigniew Brzezinski: a man, a politician, an intellectual
The Nuclear Strategy of D.Trump administration and its impact on the system of International Relations
World on the verge of strategic uncertainty: afterword to the 53rd Munich Security Conference (17-19 February 2017)
Historic opportunity for America and the whole world: summary of the United States presidential elections
A new step towards a multipolar world: summary of the 8th BRICS Summit (Goa, India, 15-16 October 2016)
Archives Select Month December 2018 October 2018 July 2018 February 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016
Kabanbay Batyr h.8, Astana
010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
Tel.: +7 (7172) 241850
Fax: +7 (7172) 241852
E-mail: office@isca.kz
Copyright ©2016-2019, International Science Complex "Astana". All rights reserved.
The opinion of publishing author not always coincides with the opinion of the editorial board.
In quoting materials in their entirety or partially, presence of active hyperlink to "isca.kz" is mandatory.


Kawaii Kemonomimi adopts - OPEN!
Was using my simple base and added a bit more details to them, mostly was experimenting.
I'm so tempted to keep #2, she's my favorite. >w< But I need the money, so I'm gonna try and resist from keeping her.
❥Upon adopting, the character is all yours. You can change name, gender, colors, give a backstory, etc, as long as the original design is still recognizable.
❥Don't resell/trade them and don't claim the design as your own. You are allowed to gift them.
❥Give them lots of love!
❥Absolutely never EVER trace/reference/copy/reupload my adopts! I'm glad you like them, but do your own ones, don't copy my designs, that's very rude and disrespectful!
❥As for cash payments, I accept them through PayPal only and currency is USD.
You can purchase her for $10.00/$15.00.
❥For sale on dA as well.
What you get: unwatermarked, fullsize .png file + rights on the character of course.


This week in Internet marketing, we've recapped the best and most interesting articles from our October weekly roundups. We're looking at social media strategies that hurt your business, as well as how to incorporate brand personality into your content, and SEO tips for startups. We're also looking at branded ad campaigns, and the evolution of web design.
In our October 10th weekly roundup, we shared some important wisdom from LaKesah Womack. Womack explains that failing to implement an effective social media strategy can hinder your business's success. She encourages all small businesses to take advantage of social media, but to avoid these common mistakes: cheap or ugly graphics, design inconsistency, content inconsistency, no community engagement, and no investment to reach your target audience.
In this article, author Michael Brenner says that "organizations with the most successful content marketing strategies reflect the unique personality of their brand." In order to come up with an unbelievable content marketing strategy, Brenner's advice is to know thyself (what is your brand voice?), understand your buyers (what are your buyers interested in?), and know your options (what are other brands doing?). We shared this insightful article in our October 3rd weekly roundup.
Startups and new businesses often lack the necessary time and resources to prioritize SEO. Tereza Litsa shares essential steps for a successful SEO strategy in her article for SearchEngineWatch, which we shared in our October 24th weekly roundup. The best tip? Check your website for low hanging fruit. Duplicate content, 404 errors, broken images and broken links all contribute to your site's SEO optimization.
In our October 17th weekly roundup, we shared some important tips and advice from author Stephanie White. White explains why it's important to consistently bid on your brand name. If you don't, a competitor might. This inexpensive strategy allows you to control the message of your campaigns – and you can use this opportunity to test ad copy and site links, for example.
This month, T Alhat discusses advancements in the world of web design. Gone are the days of slow loading pages and complicated designs. Instead, para-lax and mobile-first design have taken the lead. In fact, did you know that Around 60% of all Google searches are performed on mobile devices? The key tip here is to get responsive. We shared Alhat's article in our October 24th weekly roundup.


text:
Branch > Ghaziabad > Begumabad Budhana
Agarwal Packers and Movers Begumabad Budhana
Begumabad Budhana is a census town in Ghaziabad district in Uttar Pradesh, India. As of the 2001 India census, Begumabad Budhana had a population of 16,248. Males constitute 54% of the people and females 46%. Begumabad Budhana has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%, with 62% of the males and 38% of females literate. 15% of the population is under six years of age.
Ghaziabad is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and a part of the NCR. It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in western Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 1,729,000. Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into five zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone, and Vasundhara Zone. The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards. Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for North India. It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to New Delhi. On the main route into Uttar Pradesh. The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din, who served as a wazir in the court of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his name. The name "Ghaziuddin Nagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e., "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.
During May, the highest temperature is 39 ° C and the lowest temperature is 26 ° C. Jun: Temperature in Begmabad-Budhana is at its peak during June. In Begmabad-Budhana during June, day temperature rises to 39 C° and night temperature decreases to 28 C°. June is one of the rainy months in Begmabad-Budhana.
The nearest airports are Indira Gandhi International airport, located at a distance of 55 kilometers, and Jolly Grant Airport, located at 77 kilometers. Chandigarh International airport is situated at a distance of 105 kilometers, Pantnagar airport is located at a distance of 123 kilometers.
The nearest railway stations are Modinagar, located at a distance of 1.48 kilometers, Mohiuddinpur, situated at a distance of 8.07 kilometers; and Muradnagar, situated at a distance of 8.7 Partapur, located at a distance of 12.49 kilometers. The passengers can commute to the railway station or vice versa by hiring a cab or taxi or any means of transportation.
Begumabad Budhana is well connected to the buses. It makes general ease and comfort to travel via buses. It merged with all the nearby cities and towns. The roads are well structured and well maintained by the municipality of the city. The roads make the Bagmabad Budhana connected with the neighboring cities and states.
The closest branch to Begumabad Budhana is Pacific Business Park, 37/1, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Site- IV, Ghaziabad. The branch office of Agarwal Packers and Movers is located 26.8 kilometers by Road from Begumabad Budhana, and it takes around 53 minutes via road. The Proximity makes customers comfortable to call in to use their services.
Agarwal Packers and Movers Begumabad Budhana is functional on:
The fee charged by Agarwal Packers and Movers Begumabad Budhana will vary as per the number of items to be moved, weight of the items, distance to be covered, and such other factors.
How much time before shifting should I contact Agarwal Packers and Movers Begumabad Budhana?
Visit our Ghaziabad Branch Testimonial page
Agarwal Branch Serving Begumabad Budhana
Agarwal Packers and Movers Ghaziabad
Block-A, 319,320, 3rd Floor, Pacific Business Park, 37/1,
Sahibabad Industrial Area, Area, Site- IV, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201010.
Ghaziabad, Behta Hajipur, Bisokhar, Chander Nagar, Dasna, Dharoti Khurd, Faridnagar, Indirapuram, Kaushambi, Khora, Muradnagar, Niwari, Noida, Patala, Pilkhuwa, Vasundhara

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Foothills Pontiac Buick Toyota at 675 Auto Blvd is operating a Auto Dealerships for Infiniti in Burlington, WA. Since 2008 Foothills Pontiac Buick Toyota has been help car owners. Contact the friendly people at Foothills Pontiac Buick Toyota to get started with your automotive needs.


want to know if it is quite possible to drink real Absinthe in Mexico since they happen to be incapable to source it in the United States. So, let's learn where to drink Absinthe in Playa del Carmen.
Playa del Carmen is actually a trendy resort about 40 miles from Cancun. It's got stunning white beaches, coral reefs and a vibrant nightlife which has a range of bars, clubs and restaurants available. Sunbathe or snorkel by day and dance the night away. It is the perfect spot to sample your primary Absinthe.
Absinthe isn't a hugely well-liked drink in Mexico but is getting more popular in resorts went to by Europeans and Americans. Absinthe is legal in Mexico and lots of different brands and fashions can be sampled including renowned Czech brands.
For up-to-date details about bars and clubs that are serving Absinthe, you might like to check up on absinthedemexico.com.
The key bars and clubs can be found on the Fifth Avenue, 8th Street as well as 12th street. Bars on 12th Street include Blue Parrot, Om and Coco Maya. Additional bars like the Bali Club and Santanera is found near 10th Avenue.
In case you are planning to Playa del Carmen on a break then that's great, you can enjoy the sea, sun and a glass of Absinthe. However, there's really no need to visit Mexico just for buying Absinthe.
Since 2007 several brands of Absinthe happen to be legal to sell and get in the United States. It has for ages been thought that Absinthe was illegal in the US simply because alcohol needed to be classed as "thujone free" for being legal. The good news is that US test equipment permits liquor which includes a thujone content of 10mg/kg or less to become classed as thujone free. This finding means that some distillers are able to sell their Absinthe in the US. Lucid, Kubler and Green Moon all have been legalized now for purchase in conjunction with others.
True original Absinthe consists of wormwood and to experience the real taste of pre ban Absinthe you should buy Absinthe that contains wormwood rather than a fake or substitute Absinthe. Wormwood is the key ingredient in Absinthe. In case you order Absinthe online, many distributors have product descriptions telling you about the different brands in addition to their thujone levels. The site Lafeeverte.net has a great buyer's guide with reviews on different brands to help you pick from the countless Absinthes on sale.
You can make your own wormwood Green Fairy from home by using an essence from AbsintheKit.com. Merely mix 20ml of essence with 730ml of Everclear or vodka to make a true Absinthe. They have got four several types of essences on the market to make four variations of Absinthe – a La Bleue style, a classic verte Absinthe, an orange flavoured Absinthe as well as a strong Absinthe containing more wormwood and so carries a stronger and more bitter flavor. All four essences contain wormwood. These essences can be obtained on their website together with replica Absinthe glasses and spoons.
So, you will not have to worry about where to drink Absinthe in Playa del Carmen when you're able to now take advantage of the Green Fairy from home.


text:
The GB&I v. USA Men's Amateur Golf Team Match
Latest Walker Cup News
GB&I Team
USA Team
2021 – Captains
Match Format
Previous Matches
Results Summary
2021 – Seminole
2019 – Royal Liverpool
2017 – Los Angeles
2015 – Royal Lytham
2013 – National Golf Links
2011 – Royal Aberdeen
2009 – Merion
2007 – Royal County Down
2005 – Chicago
2003 – Ganton
2001 – Ocean Forest
1999 – Nairn
1997 – Quaker Ridge
1995 – Royal Porthcawl
1993 – Interlachen
1991 – Portmarnock
1989 – Peachtree
1987 – Sunningdale
1985 – Pine Valley
1981 – Cypress Point
1979 – HCEG, Muirfield
1977 – Shinnecock Hills
1975 – St. Andrews
1973 – Brookline
1969 – Milwaukee
1967 – Royal St. George's
1965 – Baltimore
1963 – Turnberry
1961 – Seattle
1959 – HCEG Muirfield
1957 – The Minikahda Club
1953 – The Kittansett Club
1951 – Birkdale
1949 – Winged Foot
1924 – Garden City
Playing Records
Former Players – GB&I
Former Players – USA
Past Captains – GB&I
Past Captains – USA
Walker Cup Programmes
Walker Cup Books
About ME / Twitter
Walker Cup News Blog
120. The PGA Tour University Program Is Introduced
On 1st June 2020 the PGA Tour announced its new PGA Tour University program.
The program is designed to improve the pathway for leading U.S. College golfers on to one of the PGA Tour's satellite tours, namely the Korn Ferry Tour, Mackenzie Tour – PGA TOUR Canada, PGA TOUR Latinoamérica and PGA TOUR Series – China.
A PGA Tour University Ranking is to be introduced for NCAA Division I golfers from all countries who are completing their fourth year in college.
This Ranking will be based on the World Amateur Golf Ranking methodology and will only include NCAA Division I Men's Golf events, official PGA Tour events and Major Championship performances in the preceding two years.
Performances in other leading amateur events, such as the Western Amateur, St. Andrews Links Trophy, European Amateur or South Beach International Amateur, will not be of assistance to a player in this Ranking.
Each player will also have to compete in a minimum of nine events, including the NCAA Division I Men's Regional Championship, during their final Senior year.
The first PGA Tour University Ranking will be unveiled prior to the 2020-21 Division I season commencing with weekly updates provided every Thursday during the season.
Starting from 2021 the leading 5 players on the the final PGA Tour University Ranking List, produced after the conclusion of the NCAA Men's Division I Golf Championship (normally early June), will be awarded full tour membership of the Korn Ferry Tour. Players finishing 6th to 15th will be entitled to play on one of the three other International Tours. From here players will eventually hope to finish in the top 25 on the Korn Ferry Tour's annual points list to earn promotion to the PGA Tour. It will be interesting to see how the PGA Tour University program affects players' attitudes towards the Walker Cup and the selection of teams in the coming years.
The PGA Tour have clearly given some thought to this. Within their FAQ's they state that if a top 15 PGA Tour University ranked player wishes to remain amateur to be considered for that year's Walker Cup (or World Amateur Team Championship) they must declare this in writing to the PGA Tour within three days following the release of the final list. They will then be able to participate in tournaments as a non-member prior to these major amateur competitions. I assume they will be allocated order of merit points in the normal way so they are not disadvantaged by doing so. Thereafter, players will have 10 days following the conclusion of these amateur events to join the Tours they are eligible for membership of.
The emergence of a new ranking, highlighting the players that the PGA Tour considers best suited to fast tracking in to their own tournaments, may also produce a different dynamic for the two team Walker Cup selection committees, particularly the USGA, with the USA likely to have more players in the top 15 (and 25) than GB&I.
The PGA Tour University program appears to be an important new development for the elite amateur game and is therefore worth keeping an eye on with regard to its future impact on the Walker Cup.
Copyright © 2015-2020, Mark Eley. All rights reserved.
Posted on 5 June, 2020 8 November, 2020 Author Mark EleyCategories Walker Cup 2021Tags Korn Ferry Tour, PGA Tour University, PGA Tour University Ranking, WAGR, Walker Cup, World Amateur Golf Ranking
Previous Previous post: 119. The 2020 World Amateur Team Championships Are Cancelled
Next Next post: 121. Tyler Strafaci Wins The 2020 U.S. Amateur Championship


text:
Format: cd/dvd
Filmed at the spectacular Roman Amphitheatre in Plovdiv, Bulgaria in September 2018, Live With Th..
The essential cult second studio album from Rotting Christ (originally released in 1994).&nb..
Artist: Haken
A 2019 reissue of Haken's 2010 debut album which saw the band establish itself as a major force i..
A 2019 reissue of Haken's 2011 album. Arriving a year on from the band's debut, Vi..
Eras - Vinyl Collection Part 4
Artist: Devin Townsend Project
The 9 LP Eras - Vinyl Collection Part IV, completes the Eras deluxe box set series of releases.&n..
Artist: Darkthrone
Darkthrone's 2013 album of raging Metal perfectly fuses the best in classic Heavy, Thrash, Sp..
Sardonic Wrath
Sardonic Wrath - released in 2004 - was Darkthrone's final album for the Moonfog Productions labe..
2007 was significant in the world of Black Metal as it marked the 20th year of one of the most re..
Dark Thrones and Black Flags
Darkthrone's 14th album - Dark Thrones & Black Flags - is a perfect fusion of blackened ..
Darkthrone's skull-cracking sonic assault from 2010 is another fist in the face of conformity..
Artist: The Gathering
2003's Souvenirs was the seventh studio album of experimental rock from the Dutch legends, featur..
Almost A Dance
1993's pioneering second studio album of atmospheric and progressive doom rock from The Gathering..


text:
// loading
free work
`z
30 second music video
Video, Animation
school assignment Communication & Multimedia Design
This video is the result of the final assignment for the 3rd-year subject 'Beweging'. We were asked to make a short teaser (30 seconds) for a to be launched music video for an artist of our choosing.
The challenge was that the video had to be entertaining to watch with and without the music playing and had to be animated in some form.
The focus was all on the movement of the animations and not so much on making amazing artwork or character designs.
This video was made over the course of 4 weeks in total. The first thing I really did was look at other teasers, animated videos and intro's of popular series for inspiration and possible ways to do this. The artist that I chose is Ray Barbee and the song 'The mingle', a minimal instrumental song.
With Barbee being a professional skateboarder besides being a musician, I wanted to do something with the movement of skateboarding and the flow of the music. So the first two weeks the plan was to draw an illustrated version of Ray Barbee and have him doing tricks on the beat of the music.
But in the end these illustrations where to much of a pain to work with. It took about a day to make Ray do a simple jump so making him do tricks for 30 seconds wouldn't be doable in the remaining two weeks.
So in the verry end I decided I would go with the super simplified artstyle as seen in the video above. The skateboarder would be a simple vertical rectangle and the board a long and thin one. This made it possible to put all focus to the movement of these elements in stead of the realism the initial style required.
The result is the video that can be seen above. The skateboard and rider where minimalized to 2 rectangles, with the idea was to make these non-organic objects apear alive and flexible.
The different instruments are each represented by a single flowing line. First the skateboard does tricks by itself and is later joined by the rider jumping in from above.
Finally every object the skateboarder touches, turns white. This allowed me to add another element of playfulness to the mix.
Back to Portfolio→
© 2016, Thierry van Trirum. All Rights Reserved.
thieryvantrirum@hotmail.com


As I said, Multicraft is the name of a minecraft panel software. I'm sure having a name that resembles that of another company/product counts as trademark infringement.
"V2" All you've done was change A tiny bit of the madcmds. In my opinion, that would have been v1.1.0, or v1.0.1 It's just something to keep in mind, rather than a correction.
We've already said on our Discord server that a fix for this is in the works. It's not like we haven't told people before.
What's the problem you're having ?


You will then have the documentation available in your gpxe/src/bin/doc/ directory.
A sample build is available here.
Network Bootable Image format (NBI) is a legacy format that wraps operating system images (such as Linux kernels) in a wrapper, which makes it possible for Etherboot to load the images directly. The "mknbi" (make NBI) utility performs the wrapping operation.
Unfortunately, mknbi cannot be used to make a NBI of a Linux 2.6 (or newer) kernel image. If you are tied to Etherboot but need to boot a Linux 2.6 or newer kernel, wraplinux must be used to create a working NBI. Follow the link to wraplinux on kernel.org to download it.


text:
Trump the Constitution Shredder
The GOP should not join the Democrats in abandoning constitutional principles.
by Alex Adkins
Former President Donald Trump (Matt Smith Photographer/Shutterstock)
On Saturday via Truth Social, former President Donald Trump proposed dismantling the U.S. Constitution. While still complaining of voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election, Trump put forward this post: "[D]o you throw the Presidential Election Results of 2020 OUT and declare the RIGHTFUL WINNER, or do you have a NEW ELECTION? A Massive Fraud of this type and magnitude allows for the termination of all rules, regulations, and articles, even those found in the Constitution."
Trump's own Department of Justice has previously reported that there was no widespread voter fraud that would have altered the outcome of the 2020 election. Unfortunately, this has not stopped Trump.
According to a Marquette University Law School national poll released at the beginning of this month, Trump's unfavorable rating has risen to 66 percent — a number that includes many Republicans and independents. Elected Republicans have also been critical of Trump's attack on the Constitution. Ohio Rep. Mike Turner, a top Republican on the House Intelligence Committee, criticized the former president's comments on CBS's Face the Nation on Sunday, saying, "It is certainly not consistent with the oath that we all take." He added, "I vehemently disagree with the statement that Trump has made."
Some Senate Republicans went further in their condemnations of Trump's remarks. Sen. Mike Rounds of South Dakota said: "Anyone who desires to lead our country must commit to protecting the Constitution. They should not threaten to terminate it." He added, "I believe Americans want leaders, like those on Mount Rushmore, who will defend the Constitution and unite us in our belief that America is truly a shining city upon a hill." (READ MORE: And Now for a Painful 2024 Decision That Republicans Will Celebrate for a Generation)
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell alluded to Trump's absurdity, saying, "Let me just say, anyone seeking the presidency who thinks that the Constitution could somehow be suspended or not followed, it seems to me would have a very hard time being sworn in as President of the United States."
When asked about Trump's comments at the Wall Street Journal's CEO Council in Washington, D.C., Virginia Gov. Glenn Youngkin criticized both Trump and the Democrats, saying, "These documents are to be protected and defended," and: "I've watched the other party really erode many of the constitutional principles that I hold dear. And as Republicans, we should not contribute to this."
Youngkin is right. It's important to remember that the Democratic Party started this current disdain for the Constitution.
President Woodrow Wilson, who took office in 1913, thought that the Constitution was outdated in the modern world and that James Madison's constitutional vision had no place in a world of democracy and scientific knowledge. Wilson believed in centralized executive power and a majoritarian rule instead of checks and balances. His administration shut down newspapers and the free press under the Sedition Act of 1918, even threatening to imprison people for speaking out.
President Barack Obama used the phrase "I've got a pen, and I've got a phone" to take executive action to bypass the Constitution when Congress became deadlocked on immigration. Likewise, his administration's use of the IRS to silence political opponents (mainly Tea Party organizations) and expansion of loan guarantees for the clean-energy industry massively grew the federal government beyond the scope of the Constitution.
In 2022, President Joe Biden bypassed Congress to forgive student loans. A federal judge in Texas struck this down as an unlawful exercise of power. "The program is thus an unconstitutional exercise of Congress's legislative power and must be vacated," said Judge Mark Pittman. The Biden administration is still appealing this decision to the Supreme Court.
While Trump's rhetoric and presidential campaign have explicitly gone after the Constitution and democratic norms, we need to look back at the Democratic Party to understand how we reached this inflection point.
Conservatives must nominate a principled conservative, one who will respect and defend the Constitution at all costs. There is a deep bench of potential candidates for this role.


text:
Heritage Council welcomes €1 million in extra funding
Colm October 12, 2016 1 Comment
There was welcome news in yesterday's budget, when an additional €1 million in funding was allocated to the Heritage Council. The Heritage Council is a public body that aids local communities to take responsibility for and participate in the development and conservation of their heritage assets, both natural and cultural.
According to Michael Starrett, the Chief Executive of the Heritage Council, the extra resources would be devoted to expanding the Council's regeneration programmes for rural towns and villages, as well as their programme for upland area partnerships throughout the country.
He stated:
'As well as beginning to re-invest in existing heritage networks, these additional resources will enable us to invest further in our Rural Towns and Villages programme to rejuvenate more of Ireland's local communities. Our blueprint for doing this is the Irish Walled Towns Network, which we established in 2005, and which now includes 28 member towns on the island. Our approach is to work with local communities and to empower them through funding, training and guidance.'
'A further area where this additional resourcing can help is our plan to develop a series of Irish Uplands Partnerships based on the success of community initiatives we developed in the Wicklow Uplands, on Bere Island and in the Burren Region, and which involves bringing all the local stakeholders, including hill farmers, other residents and tourism and walking interests'.
Buy Celtic Cross Pendant Spirals
Tagged Heritage Council
← Badger uncovers ancient human remains in Co. Cavan
Earliest Depiction of a Witch on a Broomstick →
1 thought on "Heritage Council welcomes €1 million in extra funding"


text:
中文报道
中华文化网上阅读第一站
Broadcast China
Home Education China's Confucius Institutes have spy agencies and governments increasingly alarmed
China's Confucius Institutes have spy agencies and governments increasingly alarmed
On the evening of July 24, 2014 as academics arrived in the Portuguese city of Braga for a Chinese studies conference, staff from the Chinese Government-run Confucius Institute were at a nearby apartment hurriedly ripping pages from conference programs.
Spy agencies are briefing universities about risks to research and intellectual property
US senate report suggest Confucius staff be registered as foreign agents
Host universities insist there are no problems
The programs had been stolen earlier that day from conference hosts the European Association of Chinese Studies (EACS) on the orders of the global head of the Confucius Institute because they included material about another sponsor, which happened to be a Taiwanese institution.
It sparked an academic scandal, with the conference organisers publishing an open letter denouncing the actions of the Confucius Institute as an attack on academic freedom, but apart from a handful of media reports the incident did not attract a huge amount of attention — in Australia it was barely reported.
PHOTO: Questions are being raised over the legitimacy of student protests by Chinese nationals on foreign campuses. (News Video)
In 2019, such muted responses seem a world away as China's rising power and quest for soft influence has increased tensions with the US and other western countries, as a key part of this soft power push, Confucius Institutes around the world are coming under increased scrutiny.
'Never telling the whole truth'
In the first part of our China Watch series we take a look at how Beijing is buying up broadcast space on foreign airwaves and pages inside newspapers to increase its influence abroad.
Last week, an eight-month US Senate sub-committee investigation released its final report into the activities of Confucius Institutes on US campuses.
It said that far from being independent centres of learning promoting language classes and Chinese history, the centres were tightly controlled arms of the Chinese Government and questioned whether employees should be registered as foreign agents.
China responded by calling the findings "baseless accusations" and an attempt to politicise the institutes, which provide academic learning centres for cultural exchange, partnerships and language lessons.
Following a string of incidents at Australian universities over the last few years and an ongoing review into the NSW Confucius classrooms program that runs language and culture lessons in primary and high schools, there has been renewed focus on the institute's role here.
PHOTO: Since the first centre opened in 2004, hundreds of Confucius Institutes have spread around the world. (Reuters)
There are currently 548 Confucius Institutes and 568 Confucius classrooms in primary and high schools worldwide, with 14 institutes on Australian university campuses and 67 classrooms in schools across several Australian states.
They are run in partnership between a host university and a university back in China with the Chinese Government Office of Chinese Language Council International — also known as Hanban — employing the Chinese staff and director.
Spy agencies warn universities
As other countries start pushing back against China's soft power and Confucius Institutes, Australian security organisations have begun trying to build relationships with universities and provide briefings on what they see as a potential danger to academic freedom, sensitive research and intellectual property.
Last year, ASIO made contact with 18 different universities, research institutes and a number of internet suppliers to those universities.
"Our briefings provided advice on threats to university students, staff, intellectual property, IT networks and reputations; and supported university efforts to protect and commercialise innovative research." the agency's 2018 annual report said.
Ross Babbage is the former head of strategic analysis at the Australian Office of National Assessments and now runs the Strategy Forum, which advises governments and business on security challenges.
He believes the academic community has vastly underestimated the risks associated with Confucius Institutes.
"While the cover of the Confucius Institutes is primarily language and cultural training, they fit into a large framework of scores of other things they are doing in foreign countries, including in Australia — things like spying, which is massive and we know most of it is coming from China," he told the ABC.
"When anyone wants to have any kind of public discussion [on human rights or Tibet or Taiwan] a lot of the instigators for counter-reaction to that, and the shouting down of anyone who wants to talk, come from people associated with these Confucius Institutes."
The agreement between universities and schools under the Confucius Institutes state that staff cannot do anything that is not authorised by the Chinese Government, which critics argue will be anything that is contrary to the views of Beijing and directly contradicts principles of academic freedom and open debate.
Chinese student 'cash cows'
Each year hundreds of thousands of Chinese students flock to Australia to study, lured by promises of enhanced career prospects — but are they getting what they pay for?
Lowy Institute Fellow and China foreign relations expert Richard McGregor questioned why Australia could not fund its own language programs and cultural centres.
"I don't understand why our universities have them; we are a rich country, our universities have a lot of money — why are we contracting out teaching Chinese to effectively a Chinese Government organisation," he told the ABC.
"Learning Chinese and building Chinese language skills is important, why is it that we need China to fund it?".
The answer lies in part in the billions of dollars in funding cut by successive governments over decades, leaving universities to rely on international students, many from China, and private sources like Confucius Institutes to fund programs.
Mr Babbage said universities were at a distinct disadvantage in this situation.
"I think it's because universities are fiercely independent, but they haven't done their homework," he said.
"There is also a degree of naivety — there wouldn't be too many people on Australian campuses who've really got their head around this."
PHOTO: Where Australia's international students come from. Source: Federal Department of Education and Training August 2018. (ABC News: Illustration/Jarrod Fankhauser)
But increasing numbers of universities are starting to close down Confucius Institutes and reject proposals for new ones.
The University of Massachusetts in the US announced last month it was closing down its institute after 12 years, citing academic freedom and censorship concerns. Institutes have also been closed at universities in the US states of Texas, North Carolina and Michigan.
Meanwhile in Canada, the Toronto School Board closed Institute-run classrooms in schools after mass protests by parents, and European institutions in France and Sweden have also been closed in recent years.
Academic freedom called into question
There has been a string of incidents involving disputes over academic freedom and Chinese students and authorities — many of them in Australia, which after the US and UK, has the highest number of institutes in the world.
In 2013, when the University of Sydney shut down a talk by the Dalai Lama on campus, many saw the Confucius Institute as being involved in the lobbying efforts to stop the initially approved event.
Space to play or pause, M to mute, left and right arrows to seek, up and down arrows for volume.
At Newcastle University, an academic was forced to apologise after Chinese students secretly recorded him describing Hong Kong and Taiwan as politically separate from mainland China.
The video went viral on Chinese social media and prompted complaints from the Chinese consulate to the university.
Newcastle relies heavily on international student revenue with overseas students making up almost 20 per cent of enrolments.
A University of Sydney academic said the Chinese consulate tried to shut down a Tiananmen Square forum on the anniversary of the protest and killings of Chinese students in 1989.
Monash University withdrew a textbook that included a quiz question that offended Chinese students in 2017. The academic who ran the quiz was suspended, and later left the university.
Mr Babbage said the activities of Confucius Institutes were part of a wider pattern of activity where China sought to ensure governments, students, academics, expat Chinese communities and business followed a Beijing-determined narrative.
"They will complain vociferously when anyone on campus says anything they don't like about Taiwan or Tibet, or for that matter, the latest estimates that suggest a million plus Uyghurs are being held in essentially concentration camps," he said.
But some universities, like La Trobe University in Melbourne, told the ABC there had been no incidents of censorship or academic interference since they accepted the Confucius Institute onto their campuses.
"The La Trobe Confucius Institute takes no position on the academic endeavours of the University, irrespective of the topic," a La Trobe spokesperson said in a statement.
"Its role is solely the promotion of Chinese language and culture."
A spokesperson for the University of Sydney said the university was proud of the links its institute fostered with China and was not aware of any academic censorship issues.
"We are not aware of attempts at academic censorship on campus, they said in a statement.
"We ensure all our policies and quality assurance processes are enforced, and conduct extensive due diligence on any research with potential national security implications."
Some academics also cautioned against making assumptions that censorship incidents are linked to the institutes.
"One thing they have done though is deliberately focus on non-controversial aspects of Chinese culture like arts, festivals and things like that that aren't going to provoke a lot of political tension," lecturer in Chinese studies at Monash University Dr Jonathan Benney told the ABC.
"I would say in the last few years protests have been driven by students themselves, and while there may be some background manipulation, I don't think that normally comes from the Confucius Institute."
Request for comment and interviews were not responded to by Hanban and a number of Confucius Institutes based in Australia.
By Robert Burton-Bradley
Chinese spies
Previous articleChinese Entrepreneur Takes On the System, and Drops Out of Sight
Next articleEx-adviser Steve Bannon says Abe was 'Trump before Trump,' urges him to play hardball with China
"Prostitutes": MP says Australian universities have sold out to the Chinese Communist Party
"Confucius Institute U.S. Center" Designation as a Foreign Mission
Universities hit back at China's 'unjustified' warning to students that Australia is unsafe
Chinese overseas students: latest victims of CCP virus
How China's 'United Front' Endangers Ethnic Chinese Abroad
Must read book: How China's Communist Party Made the World Sick
Guo Wengui – selection of tweets in English Translation
Guo Wengui editor - August 19, 2017
Guo Wengui - tweets in English dated 17-18 August 2017✊✊✊ *Hongkuan Pushing the Wall 98: Guo and Democratic Revolution Meeting *No matter how insane these traitors...
Call for recognition of the CCP as a terrorist organization
chinese communist party editor - August 13, 2019
Tens of thousands of people, especially overseas Chinese, have appealed to the U.S. government to officially designate the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as a...
Both Winston Sterzel and Nathan Rich are welcome in China, and that is good
chinese society editor - June 1, 2019
Winston Sterzel and Nathan Rich are two popular and controversial foreigners living in China. Both have won tens of thousands of fans in China...
Documentary: Who is Miles Kwok?
Guo Wengui editor - April 1, 2019
Miles Kwok, or Guo Wengui, was born in an ordinary family. Originally the family was from Shen County, Shandong province, in northern China. On his...
Joanna Dong gets to third round of Sing! China
Art & Entertainment editor - September 10, 2017
Local jazz singer Joanna Dong continues to power her way through Sing! China, earning high praise and advancing to the next round on the televised...
Breaking News: Hong Kong government requested martial law by PLA troops
Guo Wengui editor - August 1, 2019
The CCP will announce on August 4, based upon the laws governing the PLA in Hong Kong and state security, the Hong Kong government...
A new search engine from WeChat could change China's internet
Social media editor - May 19, 2017
China's already-big WeChat is searching for how to get even bigger. The answer? Search. Today the company publicly unveiled (link in Chinese) a feature—called "Search,"...
China installs 'the world's most advanced video surveillance system' with over 20 million street...
Society editor - September 25, 2017
China has installed 20 million artificial intelligence-equipped cameras in what is believed to be the world's most advanced surveillance system. The camera system is part of...
Chinese bike share firm goes bust after losing 90% of bikes
Business editor - June 21, 2017
A Chinese bike-sharing company has gone out of business after 90% of its bikes went missing in the first five months. Chongqing-based Wukong Bikes said...
Winner of China's 'best breasts contest' sets her sights on becoming a Victoria's Secret...
Art & Entertainment editor - August 11, 2017
A beauty queen who has won China's controversial Breast Model Competition said she improved her catwalk skills through dozens of knockoff Victoria's Secret fashion...
Alibaba founder Jack Ma sets up Australian scholarship programme in honour of late friend
Lifestyle editor - February 4, 2017
By Jane Cai Chinese billionaire Jack Ma plans to donate US$20 million to fund a scholarship at an Australian university to honour a late friend from...
Protests break out on China-North Korea border over new sanctions
Society editor - August 17, 2017
Protests have broken out on the Chinese border with North Korea, as China's seafood importers watched frozen product melt in trucks blocked from crossing...
China predictions: a future man from 2060 tells about what will happen
Lifestyle editor - June 28, 2020
In June 2019, a mysterious visitor to Douban.com came onto the forum, claiming himself a future man from 2060. His name is KFK. He...
Xiao Jianhua's preference for female bodyguards highlights growing trend among Chinese tycoons
corruption editor - February 3, 2017
Founder of protection firm Zhongzhou Tewei says Xiao Jianhua, who left Hong Kong amid mysterious circumstances, requested most of his bodyguards be women By Josh Ye Xiao...
Postcard from Beidaihe: Beach politics for China's elite
Guo Wengui editor - July 24, 2017
The arrival of hot weather in Beijing spells the start of a sacred summer ritual — the retreat to a beach resort where, this...
Fan Bingbing sues exiled billionaire over claims she slept with CCP chief
Art & Entertainment editor - July 25, 2017
Chinese film star Fan Bingbing has sued fugitive tycoon Guo Wengui after he sensationally claimed she slept with the country's anti-corruption chief Wang Qishan. Wengui,...
Brokerage Deal Sheds Light on Fugitive Tycoon's Tie With Abu Dhabi, Tony Blair
Money editor - May 25, 2017
Leveraging connections with former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, China's fugitive businessman Guo Wengui, also known as Miles Kwok, raised $3 billion from Abu...
Chinese billionaire Xiao Jianhua 'abducted' from HK hotel
Politics editor - February 1, 2017
A billionaire with links to the family of Xi Jinping was reportedly taken from his apartment in the Four Seasons in Hong Kong by...
Breaking! Chinese military vehicles entering Hong Kong
hong kong editor - August 11, 2019
Breaking news! Spread the message! Today afternoon at 3:00 pm local time, at Front Sea border in Shenzhen, Chinese PLA troops in countless military vehicles...
Tycoon Guo Wengui is stripping off the Emperor's New Clothes
corruption editor - June 28, 2017
Armed with his Twitter and YouTube accounts and a collection of corruption allegations against top Party, business, and media leaders in China, Chinese businessman Guo Wengui...
New book: Miles Kwok the whistle blower
What Is Reading Head Start?
A Complete Curriculum of Guided Reading Lessons That Easily Transforms ANY Parent Into Their Childs Favorite Teacher.
China Links
Caixin
China Culture
China Economic Net
Chinese Academy of Science
ChinaView
China Youth
Guangming Daily
Chinese Influence & American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance
"China's door of opening up will not be closed and will...
Facts and assumptions: What is it like in Chinese society?
Both Winston Sterzel and Nathan Rich are welcome in China, and...
Guo Wengui294
US china276
human rights181
Followcn is about China., its people, history and culture, values, concerns and difficulties, dreams and hopes, and how the world sees and thinks about it. Contributions are welcome.
Covid death tolls nears 400,000 in the U.S.; who is responsible?
Designating PRC and Hong Kong Officials After Widespread Pro-Democracy Arrests in...
P.R. China poses the single greatest national security threat to America...


text:
"IRON ISLAND" (Jazireh Ahani)
Director and Scriptwriter: Mohammad Rasoulof
Director of Photography: Reza Jalali
Assistant Director: Daryoush Ebadi
Sound-Recorder: Mohammad Mokhtari
Sound-Mix: Mohammad Mosavi-Nejad
Music: Mohammad-Reza Aligholi
Editor: Bahram Dehghan
Production Manager: Bita Mansoory
Producers: FARABI Cinema Foundation, Mohammad Rasoulof, AbolHasan Davoodi
Executive Producer: Mohammad Rasoulof
Cast: Ali Nasirian, Hossein Farzi-Zadeh, Neda Pakdaman
Color, 35 mm, 85 min, 2005
DIALOGUE LIST
SPOTTING LIST
Some poor people in the Southern coasts of Iran do not have any place to live, and thus, they reside on an old, abandoned ship in the sea. Captain Nemat, their chief, tries to persuade the ship-owner and the official authorities not to get the ship back. On the other hand, he is selling the iron parts of the ship piece by piece. "Iron Island" is the story of those whose ignorance makes them simply trust those who are always ready to abuse their trust.
Variety, Mon., Feb. 14, 2005
By DEBORAH YOUNG
Ostensibly a fast-paced tale about poor people in the Persian Gulf living aboard a sinking oil tanker, "Iron Island" is a galloping fable full of offbeat characters and entertaining moments. At the same time, it doesn't take much to read this second feature from director Mohammad Rasoulof ("The Twilight") as a sharp-edged allegory about the country of Iran. Festivals will be happy to sail on its irony and invention, though it may take auxiliary engines to market such a hard-to-classify little gem.
In his white turban and long robes, Ali Nasirian's old Capt. Nemat (who is certainly a relative of Jules Verne's Captain Nemo) runs a tight ship. This benevolent dictator is almost a father to the scores of poor, homeless, uneducated families who live on his immensely overcrowded tanker, anchored several hundred yards offshore.
Taking care of "accounts" keeps him in constant motion as he walks through the ship selling everything from medicine to cell phone calls. As a marriage broker, he intervenes in his tenants' most intimate lives. He keeps them swarming around busily all day long, taking the ship apart to sell piece by piece as scrap iron. The fact that the ship's owner and the "authorities" have ordered him to evacuate the place presents no problem. He simply refuses.
Following the illusions he holds up to them, everyone blindly obeys his orders, except the young boy Ahmad (Hossein Farzi-Zadeh), his love-sick assistant. The girl Ahmad pines for (Neda Pakdaman) is the property of her father, who has no intention of selling her cheaply. Ahmad's only contact with his beloved -- who, like all the other faceless women aboard, is hidden behind a sinister black face mask -- is their tender nightly exchange of personal objects through the portholes.
Another beautiful character is the angelic Baby Fish, who spends his time wading through the tanker's bowels with a net, catching small fish that have come in through the holes and gotten trapped. Then he lovingly liberates them into the sea.
Amusingly, the ship is ingeniously self-sufficient. A teacher holds class for the kids, using chalk made from paste poured into empty rifle cartridges. (He waits till the Captain's not listening to slip a few words of truth into his lessons, like the fact the ship is sinking.) Funerals, weddings and births take place on board. Donkeys are brought up on a lift to draw oil out of the tanks. The half-filled barrels are then floated ashore by Nemat's child laborers to waiting trucks.
One wonders where all this is leading, but Rasoulof pulls a satisfyingly disastrous finale out of his hat, sweetened only by the self-liberation of a single character.
Nasirian, one of Iran's most noted actors, commands attention in his malicious portrayal of the captain. In the role of Ahmad, Farzi-Zadeh (the wild, condemned youth awaiting execution in "Beautiful City") incorporates tropes of the non-professional actor in a subdued performance. Rasoulof chooses to keep the masses compact and anonymous, yet emphasizes their humanity through an almost documentary interest in their faces.
Editor Bahram Dehghan deserves a hand for pic's fine, fast pacing that glances over so many things without needing to rub them in. Equally pleasing is Reza Jalali's cinematography, which alternates bright Gulf sunlight with the blackest night interiors. Mohammad-Reza Aligholi's parsimoniously dosed score is an exotic whisper of Oriental music.
Boston Globe, The (MA)
November 6, 2005 MAVERICK FILMMAKERS REVEAL IRANIANS' PLIGHT, COURAGE
Author: Janice Page, Globe Correspondent Edition: THIRD
Section: Arts / Entertainment
Estimated printed pages: 4 Article Text:If Spain's overdone hanky soaker, "The Sea Inside," isn't recent enough proof that the foreign film Oscar rarely goes to the best foreign-language film, consider the tale of two entrants in this year's Boston Festival of Films From Iran.First, there's Reza Mir Karimi's "So Close, So Far," the film that Iran just submitted for Academy Awards consideration. It presents majestic desert photography and rich representations of Persian culture by an accomplished filmmaker (see "Under the Moonlight"), but it's also a straightforward melodrama that translates easily and flirts with heresy only so it can arrive at repentance. As usual, the grand life lesson comes down to priorities, this time learned by a self-absorbed neurosurgeon confronted with a grim diagnosis that makes him reevaluate relationships, faith, and his own godlike status. Think Anton Chekhov's "The Doctor," with a forecast for sandstorms.Then there's "Iron Island," a film so s! urprising and powerful that you'd have to be buried in hot sand to resist it."Iron Island" opens this 12th annual festival at the Museum of Fine Arts, which begins Friday and runs through Dec. 4. It's written and directed by Mohammad Rasoulof ("The Twilight"), whose willingness to be pointed and black-humored about the plight of Iran's disenfranchised can't be making it any easier to get domestic screenings. The good news for the rest of the world is that the film is slated for distribution next year by Kino International.Rasoulof's visual and narrative delight takes place aboard a retired oil tanker anchored in the Persian Gulf, where the rusty whale has become a floating tenement for homeless families taken in by a quasi-benevolent power broker named Captain Nemat (Ali Nassirian). The impoverished pay no rent, but Nemat capitalizes on their indebtedness and garnishes their wages for expenses. He also fights to keep his hold over these people even as eviction! looms. You won't soon forget a scene in which a defiant young crewman (Hossein Farzi-Zadeh) is made to pay a heavy price for wooing a forbidden female shipmate."Iron Island" is as wrenching as it is beautiful. The only thing it lacks is the kind of backing that transcends politics, and not surprisingly it's far from alone in that regard. The best films in this MFA festival lineup are once again mavericks, with courageous voices and impressive aim."Poet of the Wastes" is one such feature, directed by veteran cinematographer Mohammad Ahmadi with a screenplay by the revered Mohsen Makhmalbaf ("Kandahar"). Like the city it depicts, Ahmadi's movie is made up of enormous contrasts, and the harshest neighborhoods are always where you find the most romantic souls. Tehran's many unemployed supply a sober backdrop for this story of an overqualified street cleaner (Farzin Mohades) who's intrigued by some of the writing he finds among the trash he's collecting. Mohades's Little Tramp-style performance is not to be missed; he's appealing eve! n when he's stalking the author of those letters.In Mani Haghighi's "Abadan," another festival standout, Tehran is seen from a different perspective: The film is an unromanticized look at a fractured middle-class family so dysfunctional that the elderly patriarch will do anything to escape, including running away with no suitcase. "Abadan" is frank and funny, with a distinct underground feel that separates it from the pack.This year's festival features 13 films covering a typically broad mix that includes war, immigration, marginalization, and women's rights. Some films are gritty and urban, others muted and pastoral. It's an event "for people who want to see excellence in filmmaking, but also people who want insights into life in Iran," explains programmer Bo Smith, the MFA's head of film, video, and concerts. An eagerly anticipated guest is popular writer-director Tahmineh Milani, whose latest sharp-nailed feminist melodrama, "The Unwanted Woman," is slated ! for closing night. Milani will also receive the annual ILEX Foundation Award for Excellence in Iranian Cinema.Other veteran filmmakers represented in this lineup include Bahram Beizai ("Travellers"), whose old-fashioned suspense thriller "Killing Mad Dogs" marks the end of a nearly decadelong hiatus. It's a hard-to-follow and somewhat overplayed return, but worth applauding as a comeback effort. There's also a new excuse to celebrate writer-director Rakhshan Bani Etemad ("Our Times"), sharing credit with Mohsen Abdolvahab for "Gilaneh," a haunting portrait of the epic fallout of war. And Alireza Raisian's "Deserted Station" boasts a story idea by Abbas Kiarostami ("Ten") that's credibly fleshed out in Kambozia Partovi's script about an infertile couple on a pilgrimage. Raisian supplies inspired creative flashes and artful direction that has the good sense to get out of the way.If you like wide-open spaces, there's visual impact in newcomer Abdolrasoul Golbon's "Paradise Is Somewhere Else," which sorts through cultural burdens and! personal ethics via the story of a rebellious shepherd boy. There's also "A Piece of Bread," Kamal Tabrizi's mystical take on mountain life, and Ali Reza Amini's "The Riverside," where it's both amusing and devastating to look in on Kurdish refugees along the Iraq/Iran border.More devastating still is Kianoush Ayari's "Wake Up Arezoo!" a frantic, horrifying 90 minutes spent sifting through the rubble of a powerful earthquake. Its fictional scenes may be far less gruesome than the real thing, but the torture of watching still takes its toll; this one's not for the squeamish, or anyone with kids.And finally, avant-garde minds might appreciate "Portrait of a Lady Far Away," the dark and mysterious writing-directing debut of actor Ali Mosaffa. Even if you find the film too self-conscious, the upside is star Leila Hatami, whose distinctive and enigmatic face also graces "Poet of the Wastes" and "Deserted Station."Oh, and if you're wondering about live musi! c at this festival, it's still a possibility, says Smith he just hasn 't had time yet to focus on bringing back any of last year's entertainment. "This is in many ways the hardest festival to put together," he says with a sigh. For one thing, the best films rarely come through official channels.Janice Page can be reached at This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it . Caption:
PHOTO Memo:
MOVIESCopyright (c) 2005 Globe Newspaper Company
Record Number: 0511060272
Listings for Friday, June 23, through Thursday, June 29, 2006
Capsule by J.R. Jones
From the Chicago Reader
A fascinating allegory of modern-day Iran, this 2005 feature by Mohammad Rasoulof is set aboard an abandoned oil tanker in the Persian Gulf whose autocratic "captain" (Ali Nasirian) presides over a blinkered community of homeless families. (When the children ask their schoolteacher about "the world," he has to explain that they're in it.) The captain strictly enforces traditional moral codes, and the fact that he seems motivated by expediency, not religion, provides one of the movie's sharper edges. A press release cautions that this "tackles issues of governance without placing liberal ideology at the center" and "explores the possibility of a society uncommitted to Western traditions," so as with any allegory, my reading may say more about me than about the filmmaker's intent. In Farsi with subtitles. 90 min.
This movie is currently playing at: Gene Siskel Film Center
Listing for Friday, June 23, through Thursday, June 29, 2006
Born in 1973 in Shiraz, Mohammad Rasoulof is a graduate of sociology from Shiraz University. He has also studied editing in Sooreh University in Tehran. So far, he has made six short films and has assisted many directors. "The Twilight", his first picture, has been awarded world-wide.
THE PIN
SEVEN DREAMS
TEN SECONDS MORE
THE TWILIGHT
Iron Island
Head Wind
The White Meadows
Hope to See You Soon
Short Doc- Fiction
Short - Fiction
Festival de Cannes (Quinzaine des Réalisateurs/ 2005/ France)
Forum des Images (2005/ France)
Rome and Milano Film Festival (2005/ Italy)
Brussels Int'l Film Festival (2005/ Belgium)
Pesaro Int'l Film Festival (2005/ Italy)
Marseille Film Festival (2005/ France)
Karlovy Vary Int'l Film Festival (1 – 9 July 2005/ Czech)
Melbourne Int'l Film Festival ( 20 Jul – 7 Aug 2005/ Australia)
Edinburgh Int'l Film Festival (17 – 28 Aug 2005/ UK)
Telluride Int'l Film Festival (2005/ USA)
Toronto Int'l Film Festival ( 9 – 18 Sep 2005/ Canada)
Hamburg Int'l Film Festival (22 – 29 Sep 2005/ Germany)
Winner of the Hamburg Film Critics Award
Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (24 Sep – 1 Oct 2005/ Turkey)
Reykjavik Int'l Film Festival (29 Sep – 9 Oct 2005/ Iceland)
Oslo Int'l Films from the South (6 – 16 Oct 2005/ Norway)
Eurasia Int'l Film Festival (26 Sep – 2 Oct 2005/ Kazakhstan)
Pusan Int'l Film Festival ( 6 – 14 Oct 2005/ Korea)
Warsaw Int'l Film Festival (7 – 16 Oct 2005/ Poland)
Cinemanila Int'l Film Festival (4 – 18 Aug 2005/ Philippine)
Cork Int'l Film Festival (9 – 16 Oct 2005/ Ireland)
Montreal New Cinema Int'l Film Festival (13 – 23 Oct 2005/ Canada)
Winner of the Best Script and also winner of the Special mentioned Jury.
Med Film Festival (7 – 14 Nov 2005/ Italy)
Boston Festival of Films from Iran (2005/ USA)
AFI Int'l Film Festival (2 – 9 Nov 2005/ USA)
Ljubljana Int'l Film Festival (10 – 24 Nov 2005/ Slovenia)
Thessaloniki Int'l Film Festival (18 – 27 Nov 2005/ Greece)
Gijon Int'l Film Festival (24 Nov – 2 Dec 2005/ Spain)
Winner of the FIPRESCI Award.
India Int'l Film Festival (24 Nov – 4 Dec 2005/ India)
Winner of the Best Film Award.
Black Nights Int'l Film Festival (2 – 11 Dec 2005/ Estonia)
Goteborg Int'l Film Festival (27 Jan – 6 Feb 2006/ Sweden)
Bradford Film Festival (3 – 18 March 2006/ UK)
Guadalajara Int'l Film Festival in Mexico (24 – 31 Mar 2006/ Mexico)
Nat Film Festival (24 Mar – 9 Apr 2006/ Denmark)
Titanic Film Presence Foundation Festival (30 Mar – 9 April 2006/ Hungary)
New Directors New Films Festival (Late Mar – Early April 2006/ USA)
Philadelphia Film Festival (30 Mar – 12 April 2006/ USA)
Hong Kong Int'l Film Festival (4 – 19 April 2006/ Hong Kong)
Durban Int'l Film Festival (14 – 25 June 2006/ South Africa)
Shanghai Int'l Film Festival (17 – 25 June 2006/ China)
Thrissur Film Festival (1 – 7 August 2006/ India)
Sao Paulo Int'l Film Festival (9 – 19 Nov 2006/ Brazil)
Rwanda Film Festival (16 – 30 March 2007/ Rwanda)
Advance Int'l Film Festival ( 21 – 29 July 2007/ Portugal)
Festival du Film Amazigh (11 – 15 Jan 2009/ Algeria)
Ars Independent Int'l Film Festival (12 April 2011 / Poland)
Sydney Film Festival (8 – 19 June 2011 / Australia)
Iranian Film Festival in Australia (29 July – 12 Aug. 2011 / Australia)
Taipei Film house (19 Aug. – 9 Sept. 2011 / Taiwan)
Das Iranische Wien (Oct.2014/ Austria)
English Dialogue List
Orginal Dialogue List


text:
Q: how to integrate an angular bundle/build to a another app I would like to integrate a build/bundle files of an app to use in a another angular app. is possible to implement on that way?
Sample:
App A - in bundles
App B - will use App A in bundles
solution and idea in my existing issue

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange