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Елизарьево — деревня в Кривошеинском районе Томской области, Россия. Входит в состав Петровского сельского поселения.

История
Основана в 1726 г. В 1926 году деревня Елизарова состояла из 73 хозяйств, основное население — русские. Центр Елизаровского сельсовета Кривошеинского района Томского округа Сибирского края.

Население

Примечания

Населённые пункты Кривошеинского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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'Never Say Never': Hillary Clinton Speaks Out About Running in 2020
The former secretary of state said during a radio interview on Tuesday that people were urging her to enter the contest and join the rather crowded Democratic field.
Clinton, who already had her chance against Donald Trump in 2016, has refused to rule out the possibility of a 2020 run.
"I, as I say, never, never, never say never," Clinton told BBC Radio 5 Live. However, "I will certainly tell you, I'm under enormous pressure from many, many, many people to think about it."
However, she insisted she was not planning on a run — at the moment.
"But as of this moment, sitting here in this studio talking to you, that is absolutely not in my plans," she said.
Clinton would join a crowded Democratic field with former vice president Joe Biden and Elizabeth Warren topping most early polls for the nomination. Among the Republicans, Trump remains the frontrunner for the 2020 nomination.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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DESTROY!!
Creators: Scott McCloud
Format: 32 pages, 11"x15", black and white
Publisher: Eclipse
If you're a serious student of comics, you've read the insightful analysis of Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics. If you're lucky, you've enjoyed the artful blend of whimsy and character development that was his beloved series Zot!. Readers of current DC books may have seen the highs and lows of his handling of the Man of Steel in Superman Adventures. And if you're a true fan of McCloud, you eagerly await his upcoming Adventures of Abraham Lincoln (or whatever the title turns out to be). But you've missed out on the superlative McCloud comic book if you haven't read DESTROY!!
DESTROY!! (which just doesn't look right as a title unless I type it in all caps and bold… and the two exclamation points are part of the title) is the "story" of a huge, escalating fight between Captain Maximum and his former colleague the Red Basher, who has gone berserk (over a woman, of course). It was published in 1986, during the hiatus between Zot! #10 and #11. But don't look for it in your local shop's back-issue bins… because it wouldn't fit. This comic book is 11 inches wide and 15 inches tall, the second-largest I know of (Chris Ware's Acme Novelty Library #7 edges it out by a few inches in height).
While Ware uses the over-size format to explore intricate storytelling and layout techniques, McCloud uses the real estate in DESTROY!! for the sheer grandiosity of it all. The number of panels per page is no more than in most modern comics (and considerably fewer than was usual in 1986), with liberal use of full-size splash pages, individual panels the size of an ordinary comic book, and yes, one double-page 22″x15″ splash at the climax.
I've heard DESTROY!! called "the first Image comic", because of this liberal use of splash pages and the minimal use of characterisation or plot. But in many ways, it is the antithesis of the Image stereotype. The art is clean and simple, owing far more to Jack Kirby than to the folks whose wilder page layouts inspired the original, "hot" Image artitsts. Another difference is that the art is carefully researched, telling a story set in the real New York City. McCloud demonstrates this geeky attention to detail by plotting the fight on a map of Manhattan at the back of the book, identifying the real-world landmarks we see getting demolished along the way, as Captain Maximum attempts to subdue the rampaging Red Basher. Image founders Rob Liefeld and Todd McFarlane get trashed for ignoring basic anatomy; McCloud even sweats the details of architecture and geography. And besides, McCloud was doing it all for sheer, campy fun.
McCloud almost succeeds in providing what he set out to offer: pure, senseless violence. It's a tongue-in-cheek satire of the superhero genre, and a soberingly prescient warning of things then yet-to-come. But at the same time, it's a joyful celebration of the potential of the medium to satisfy the childish fascination with sheer power, and McCloud's one last shot at a game he sees all superhero artists playing. As he puts it in the Author's Note, "[they] are still playing King o' The Hill with Jack Kirby. Just trying to do that one big explosion, that one powerhouse punch, that one bitchin' close-up that'll be bigger an' badder than anything.. HE ever drew." This simple goal is what makes DESTROY!! McCloud's "superlative" creation: It's the mostest he's likely to ever try.
This entry was posted in August 1997 and is categorised as Superhero. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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About Invisalign
Treatment Process
Teen & Parents
Get Invisalign trained
Invisalign® treatment for Teens
With school, sports and hanging out with your friends, getting metal braces may be the last thing you want to think about. Luckily, Invisalign treatment lets you straighten your teeth without metal wires and brackets getting in the way.
Scroll down to learn more
I'm a teen
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Go further with a great smile.
With Invisalign treatment, you can straighten your teeth without metal wires and brackets getting in the way.
That means you can spend more time doing the things you love.
No one needs to know
Invisalign clear aligners are made of a smooth, clear plastic that's virtually invisible! Your friends probably won't even know you're wearing them.
So instead of hiding behind a mouth of metal, you can now show off your smile with confidence every day!
Eat with freedom
You probably have friends with braces who aren't allowed to eat certain foods like popcorn and whole apples.
With Invisalign treatment, the aligners are completely removable, letting you eat all of your favourite foods whenever you want. This also means you can easily brush and floss your teeth for proper oral hygiene.
Keep doing what you love
With Invisalign clear aligners being removable, you can continue to enjoy the things you love like playing sport or playing a musical instrument. Invisalign treatment can help you focus on doing what you do best – being yourself.
The truth might surprise you
From social lives to social media, teens today are facing more and more challenges when it comes to their self-esteem. To better understand why, we commissioned the "Invisalign Teen® Confidence Survey."* The results have provided undeniable proof that metal braces are a major cause of low self-esteem for teens across the country. When you Unbrace the Truth, you'll discover why Invisalign Teen clear aligners are a better choice over braces.
When it comes to wearing metal braces, an overwhelming
92% of teens
feel that it would keep them from fitting in with their peers.
Teens wearing Invisalign aligners are 2x more likely to have a
Boost in self-esteem
while in treatment than teens treated with metal braces.
In the hands of a trained profession, Invisalign Teen aligners can be
Just as effective as metal braces
Patented technologies like SmartForce, SmartTrack and SmartStage can effectively treat both common and complex teeth-straightening concerns.
Invisalign aligners may actually
Cost about the same as metal braces
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Teens wearing Invisalign aligners are
68% less likely to be teased
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Orthodontists tell us that
Teens are more responsible
than adults when it comes to wearing their aligners! Clinical data confirms that teens wear their aligners up to 21 hours per day, on average, just as recommended.
*Invisalign Teen Confidence Survey interviewed 3,577 American teenagers aged 13-17 and 2,118 moms. The survey was conducted in the U.S. by Kelton for Align Technology in 2014.
10 things you need to know about Invisalign treatment
Check out some of the most important things every parent should know about their
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Invisalign®Treatment comparison chart
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Request an appointment to start your Invisalign journey today.
Unlock your best smile with the world's most advanced clear aligners. Make your move today.
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Clete "Don" Johnson Jr.
Rep. Clete "Don" Johnson Jr.
Former Representative for Georgia's 10th District
Bioguide
Johnson was the representative for Georgia's 10th congressional district and was a Democrat. He served from 1993 to 1994.
Contact Rep. Clete "Don" Johnson Jr.
I am a constituent.
I live in Georgia's 10th congressional district.
I have an opinion I want to share.
I want to urge Johnson to take an action on a bill.
Visit Rep. Clete "Don" Johnson Jr.'s website »
Look for a contact form on Rep. Clete "Don" Johnson Jr.'s website to express your opinion.
I need help, have a question, or want to schedule a tour.
I'm having a problem with a government agency, need legal help, want to schedule a meeting or White House tour, or have another question.
Visit Johnson's Website »
Head over to Rep. Clete "Don" Johnson Jr.'s website. If you are having a problem with a government agency, look for a contact link for casework to submit a request for help. Otherwise, look for a phone number on that website to call his office if you have a question.
I am not a constituent.
I live elsewhere.
Not all Members of Congress will accept messages from non-constituents. You can try your luck by visiting Johnson's website. Otherwise, try contacting your own representative:
Find Your Representative »
I am not sure.
I'm not sure if I live in his district.
You are currently on the website GovTrack.us, which has no affiliation with Johnson and is not a government website. Choose from the options above to find the right way to contact Johnson.
Bills Sponsored
Some of Johnson's most recently sponsored bills include...
H.R. 2949 (103rd): To establish the Augusta Canal National Heritage Corridor in the State of ...
View All » | View Cosponsors »
Missed Votes
From Jan 1993 to Nov 1994, Johnson missed 18 of 1,122 roll call votes, which is 1.6%. This is better than the median of 3.4% among the lifetime records of representatives serving in Nov 1994. The chart below reports missed votes over time.
We don't track why legislators miss votes, but it's often due to medical absenses and major life events.
Show the numbers...
Votes Eligible
1993 Jan-Mar 127 2 1.6% 38th
1993 Apr-Jun 190 3 1.6% 32nd
1993 Jul-Sep 164 0 0.0% 0th
1993 Oct-Nov 134 4 3.0% 65th
1994 Jan-Mar 95 2 2.1% 37th
1994 Jul-Sep 142 1 0.7% 17th
1994 Oct-Nov 51 2 3.9% 63rd
The information on this page is originally sourced from a variety of materials, including:
unitedstates/congress-legislators, a community project gathering congressional information
The House and Senate websites, for committee membership and voting records
GovInfo.gov, for sponsored bills
Clete "Don" Johnson Jr. is pronounced:
The letters stand for sounds according to the following table:
Capital letters indicate a stressed syllable.


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Black Lives Matter activists in Portland reflect on contrast between Capitol and local police response
Over 100 people gathered at Portland's South Park Blocks around 7 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 19, 2020, and marched throughout the downtown area. Mark Graves/Staff
By Jayati Ramakrishnan | The Oregonian/OregonLive
When right-wing insurrectionists stormed the U.S. Capitol and stalled Congress from certifying the victory of president-elect Joe Biden, the tepid response by Capitol police stood in stark contrast to the force used on left-wing protesters in Portland.
Local and federal police have deployed tear gas, shot rubber bullets and collectively arrested more than 1,000 people who have protested around the city since the May 25 police killing of George Floyd. For much of July, federal forces tear gassed Portlanders gathered every night to protest police brutality outside a mostly empty downtown federal courthouse.
Conversely, police offered little initial resistance when a violent mob broke into the U.S. Capitol Jan. 6 and forced lawmakers to retreat to safety, according to video and witness accounts. One viral video shows a police officer posing for photos with rioters.
While many politicians expressed shock at both the insurrection and the immediate police response to it, several Portland demonstrators of color were unsurprised.
Candace Avalos, a Black and Latina activist who chairs a police oversight group in Portland, said she was horrified by the actions of insurrectionists, as well as the lack of pushback by police officers.
"That's not the same treatment everyone else gets," she said. "It makes the conversation about how we ensure everybody has fair First Amendment rights more difficult."
Local leaders said the riot in the Capitol sheds light on problems with policing in Portland — but it's unclear whether the events will lead to any immediate changes, locally or nationally. Many said they wondered what the response would have been if the protesters had been Black, or supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement.
Demetria Hester, who helped start the group Moms United for Black Lives, watched the insurrection unfold and became disgusted by what she viewed as a double standard driven by politics and race.
"If it's Black, Indigenous, people of any other ethnicity or race, police bring out all the stops. Tear gas, rubber bullets, beat them," Hester said in a phone call with The Oregonian/OregonLive. "But you openly give the Proud Boys, the maskless white supremacists spewing hate — a pass."
Online posts indicate right-wing demonstrators have planned more activity throughout the country on Jan. 20, the day Biden is set to take office. Many police forces, including the Oregon State Police, say they are prepared to respond to unrest, regardless of political affiliation.
In Portland, demonstrators say they will continue to push for reforms to end unjust use of force by police, which disproportionately hurts people of color.
"Whenever there's a lot of drama nationally, there's a lot of local action legislatively," said Mac Smiff, a prominent Black Portland activist and journalist, in a phone call with The Oregonian/OregonLive last week.
"I'm trying to stay focused here. My attention at this point has been on the (police) union contract — really pushing and making sure we're prepared" for upcoming negotiations that could reshape policing, he said.
Darrell Millner, a professor in the Black Studies department at Portland State, said the broader public perception of police is starting to change, largely because cases of police brutality are now more frequently documented and shared — from the 1992 Los Angeles Police Department beating of Rodney King to the killing of George Floyd, both viewed widely through the technology of their time.
Disparity in policing has existed for hundreds of years, Millner said, and many white people are just beginning to see police in a way Black Americans long have.
"This last event at the Capitol is kind of the culmination of that reality," he said. "You couldn't look at those events that took place last week and not wonder, 'How has this been going on, and why is the disparity so stark?' Making it available to such a large audience, you simply can't ignore or deny it any longer."
Two distinct responses
Portland demonstrations against police brutality drew national attention for months, including from President Donald Trump. He repeatedly denounced the protests and local officials for failing to quell them, claiming federal agents would stop property destruction at the gatherings.
In fact, demonstrations ballooned in early July after he sent the U.S. Marshals Service to the federal courthouse, drawing thousands of people. Federal officers clashed with protesters for weeks, routinely spraying tear gas at demonstrators in the downtown core.
Protesters enter the Senate Chamber on Jan. 6, 2021 in Washington, D.C. Two men photographed carrying zip-ties in the U.S. Capitol Wednesday were charged Sunday in a federal court in the District of Columbia. (Win McNamee/Getty Images)TNS
Police responded differently to the Capitol insurrection, which came after a "stop the steal" election rally encouraged by Trump. The mass of rioters largely moved throughout the building unimpeded, and most were eventually allowed to leave without being arrested. Police shot and killed a woman among a mob trying to gain access to part of the Capitol building, and one officer died after he was attacked by protesters. Police have since arrested a few dozen people, including an Oregonian who described police as supportive of his cause.
In Portland, more than a thousand people have been arrested since the racial justice protests began in May. According to data from the Multnomah County District Attorney's Office, most protesters have been arrested on "public order crimes," such as riot or disorderly conduct charges. Far fewer have been accused of property and person crimes. District Attorney Mike Schmidt has declined to prosecute close to 800 of the more than 1,000 cases referred to his office.
Seemab Hussaini, vice-chair of the Council on American-Islamic Relations in Oregon, said the spotlight on policing over the last week exemplifies the disparate treatment people of color and religious minorities have faced for years.
Hester drew comparisons between the U.S. Capitol insurrection and a series of right-wing protests in Salem, where during one event in December, dozens of people broke into the State Capitol building, breaking windows and entering the building, some with the help of a Republican lawmaker. She said those protests help bring to light the discriminatory policing Black people have been experiencing — and warning others about — for many years.
"How is this not the America we've been complaining about all our lives?" she said.
Applying pressure
Hussaini said incremental steps toward change that have come out of the insurrection — such as President Donald Trump's ban from Twitter — don't erase the harm many people of color and religious minorities have long faced.
"These aren't celebratory moments, they're more exhausting for us," Hussaini said.
Hussaini said he is encouraging people to direct their focus to things that will have an immediate impact on policing in Portland, such as the city's work to renegotiate Portland Police Association contract. Collective bargaining sessions for the contract started Wednesday.
Avalos chairs the Citizen Review Committee, a group that advises the city's Independent Police Review on cases of reported police misconduct and other police matters. oversight.
The group met Wednesday and had two guest speakers from the D.C. Office of Police Complaints, an independent civilian oversight group in the nation's capital. Avalos said she said she was interested in seeing if any of the group's tactics could be applied in Portland.
The D.C. office has "Assembly Observers" who monitor law enforcement officers during protests to make sure they are following their policies and make recommendations to the police department and city councilors based on what they witness.
Avalos said she hopes to see swifter action from local leaders in removing police officers from duty who show aggressive behavior toward protesters.
"I understand it's overwhelming, and there are always going to be challenging situations to manage, but I expect more transparency," she said. "The issues we're facing are only going to grow and be more challenging in 2021. I want to see more proactivity."
Many Portland activists, including Smiff and Hussaini, said they don't expect any significant changes in police response or better outcomes for people of color once Biden takes office. Longstanding systems, such as police unions, mean the problems have become very entrenched, Hussaini said.
"When it comes to the history of policing, it reinforces protecting itself," he said.
Smiff said the election of Biden doesn't change the importance of protesting, or the peril Black people still face.
"I was fully expecting four more years of Trump," he said. "My game plan has always involved that possibility. So this to me is less urgent in a way, in terms of physical safety. But I'm still Black regardless. If people decide they want to revolt against Biden, I'm still in their way. It's still a fight, regardless."
Hester said she plans to be in Washington D.C. for the inauguration to document white nationalist protesters and police response to them. While there, Hester said she hopes to speak with sponsors of House Resolution 40. The resolution deals with reparations for Black Americans — something Hester has consistently called for at protests.
Hussaini said he's not sure what to expect on Inauguration Day, or how police will respond to protests planned on both sides.
"If and when I hear something, I'll put on my bulletproof vest, bring my helmet and my respirator, and I'll show up to protest it," Hussaini said. "There won't be a free pass."
For Hussaini, the significance of protesting goes beyond defending his own rights, he said.
"I'm coming out there as a concerned father," he said. "(My daughters) are young women of color. They understand the obstacles they face. But they also understand there's a way to be present, to feel strong about themselves."
-Jayati Ramakrishnan; 503-221-4320; jramakrishnan@oregonian.com; @JRamakrishnanOR


We seldom allow guest posts, but the information provided here is valuable for any construction-related business. If you're new in business, we also suggest this article, specifically the information under "How Do I Start a Construction Business."
Construction contracting can be a lucrative career for the right individual, particularly when there is a strong understanding of sound business practices. Running a general contractor business, small or large, requires skills in several different areas, including accounting, regulatory compliance, and legal operations of the business. Part of this business ownership acumen involves securing the right licensing and bonding which helps to protect customers from illegal or fraudulent practices on the job. However, general contractor licensing and bonding requirements vary by state, and in some cases, by city, making it a challenge to know exactly what's needed.
Here are the general contractor licensing and surety bond requirements by state to help prepare for running a sound business.
Alabama – any general contractor operating a business in Alabama must have a contractor license if the work performed is above the $5,000 mark. A bond for construction contractors is also required, ranging from $2,500 up to $10,000, depending on where the job site is located within the state.
Alaska – general contractors in construction working in Alaska must have a license if a job is valued at more than $10,000. In most cases, a surety bond of at least $25,000 is also required, but those who perform only residential jobs may only need a $5,00 or $10,000 bond.
Arizona – throughout Arizona, general contractor licensing and bonding requirements vary because they are dependent on the project's dollar amount. Bonding requirements can range from $9,000 up to $100,000, but fortunately, contractors only pay for a percentage of the bond to stay in compliance.
Arkansas – general contractor licensing in Arkansas varies because the type of license needed depends on the type of work being performed. All contractors, though, must secure a bond of at least $10,000.
California – any general contractor working on a job valued at more than $500 must have a contractor license in the state of California. A bond of at least $15,000 is required for most projects, with an additional $12,500 bond needed for certain jobs.
Colorado – bond construction contractor licensing and bonding requirements are set by each municipality or city in Colorado, so there is no minimum threshold to note.
Connecticut – construction contractors in Connecticut must follow the city or municipality guidelines for licensing and bonding requirements to work legally within the state.
Delaware – general contractors working in Delaware must have a state license when the work performed is valued at $50,000 or more. Any non-residential construction contractors must also have a surety bond in place that equals 6% of the project's value.
District of Columbia – in DC, construction contractors must have a license no matter the value of the work, and a surety bond is required based on the dollar amount of the job.
Florida – Florida differs from most other states in that it operates two divisions for general contractors. With Division I requirements, contractors must have a bond of at least $20,000 and a license to perform work. Division II contractors must have a bond of at least $10,000, along with the appropriate license.
Georgia – any construction contractor in Georgia must have a license to work in the state when the project is valued more than $2,500. A bond is also required, no less than $25,000.
Hawaii – general contractors in Hawaii must have a valid state license to perform construction work, and a surety bond of at least $5,000 must be in place.
Idaho – Idaho contractors must have the appropriate license and bond based on the city or municipality guidelines where they intend to work.
Illinois – general contractors in Illinois need both a valid construction license and a bond before work can be performed. These guidelines are set by each city and municipality within the state.
Indiana – construction contractors working in Indiana receive licensing and bonding requirements directly from the municipality where they work for residential or commercial work.
Iowa – Iowa requires a general contractor to have a license if they earn more than $2,000 throughout the year. A bond of at least $5,000 is also required for construction contractors.
Kansas – cities and municipalities in Kansas dictate the license and bonding thresholds for construction contractors working in the state.
Kentucky – general contractor licensing and bonding requirements are set by the city or municipality in which the contractor intends to work.
Louisiana – in Louisiana, construction contractors must have a valid state license when the work they perform exceeds $75,000 for residential projects or $50,000 for commercial job sites. A minimum $10,000 bond is also required.
Maine – like other states, contractors working in Maine go by the municipality or city in which they work to receive guidance on licensing and bonding requirements.
Maryland – construction contractors in Maryland do not have to hold a license in order to perform most jobs, but a bond of at least $20,000 is required for most projects completed in the state.
Massachusetts – in Massachusetts, general contractors must meet the licensing and bonding requirements set by the municipality or city in which they intend to complete projects.
Michigan – general contractors in Michigan have licensing and bonding standards and minimums set by the municipality or city where they work.
Minnesota – bonding and licensing requirements for general contractors in Minnesota vary because they are set by municipalities and cities in the state.
Mississippi – in Mississippi, construction contractors follow the bond and license guidelines set by each city or municipality where they intend to work.
Missouri – similar to other states, general contractors in Missouri follow licensing and bonding thresholds set by municipalities or cities.
Montana – each general contractor in Montana must follow the licensing and bonding requirements set by the municipality in which they work, typically based on the value of the job.
Nebraska – construction contractors in Nebraska must have a license when they work in a county with more than 100,000 residents, and the work they intend to perform is valued more than $2,500. A surety bond is also required, ranging from $1,000 to $10,000 depending on the dollar amount of the project.
Nevada – general contractors working in Nevada must hold a license based on the value of each job they complete. A bond must be in place, ranging from $1,000 to $500,000, depending on the job's worth.
New Hampshire – all general contractors working in New Hampshire are subject to the licensing and bonding requirements set at a municipality or city level.
New Jersey – construction contractors working in New Jersey must hold a valid state license and have a bond in place between $1,000 and $3,000, based on the value of the project.
New Mexico – all general contractors operating in New Mexico must have a state license as well as a surety bond of at least $10,000 in most circumstances.
New York – in New York, construction contractors are required to have a license whenever the work they intend to perform is valued at $200 or more. A bond ranging from $25,000 to $200,000 must also be in place to operate legally.
North Carolina – general contractors working in North Carolina may hold either a limited or intermediate license. These categories are based on the value of the work to be performed in the state. Bonds are also required, with the amounts based on the value of each project.
North Dakota – in North Dakota, general contractors may not be required to hold a license, but a bond of no less than $15,000 is often required.
Ohio – a general contractor working in Ohio must have a valid state license, and they must hold a bond ranging between $5,000 and $25,000 in most instances. However, cities and municipalities set the bond thresholds for construction contractors working in the state.
Oklahoma – for contractors working in Oklahoma, a license may be required when the work performed exceeds a specific dollar amount set by the city or municipality. A bond of at least $5,000 is required in most cases.
Oregon – any general contractors who perform work in Oregon that is valued more than $1,000 must have a valid state license. Surety bonds are also required, ranging from $10,000 to $20,000 for residential work and between $20,000 and $75,000 for commercial projects.
Pennsylvania – municipalities and cities in Pennsylvania set the licensing and bonding requirements for general contractors working in the state, so amounts vary widely.
Rhode Island – general contractors working in Rhode Island may not need to hold a state license in order to do business. However, a bond is often required, based on the value of the project.
South Carolina – in South Carolina, any work performed by a general contractor that exceeds a value of $5,000 requires a license. Also, a bond of no less than $10,000 is required for most construction contractors in the state.
South Dakota – general contractors may not be required to hold a state license when performing work in South Dakota. However, a bond is often required, with the amount based on the location of the job.
Tennessee – construction contractors working Tennessee must have a license regardless of the value of the work they complete. While there is no state requirement for bond minimums, most projects require a bond ranging between $500,000 and $1,000,000.
Texas – general contractors in Texas follow the licensing and bonding requirements set by each municipality or city where they intend to complete work.
Utah – all general contractors working in Utah must have a license in order to operate legally. Typically, a bond ranging from $15,000 up to $100,000 is also required, based on the value of the project and the contractor's work history.
Vermont – municipalities and states in Vermont set the licensing and bonding requirements for general contractors, so amounts vary.
Virginia – general contractors working in Virginia may be required to hold a license in order to work in the state. Bonds are also required, but they vary from one municipality or city to the next.
Washington – in Washington state, general contractors must have a license to work as well as a surety bond of no less than $12,000 in most cases.
West Virginia – any general contractor completing work that is valued more than $2,500 must have a valid state license. Bond amounts are determined by the city or municipality in which the contractor completes the work.
Wisconsin – depending on the type of work performed, a general contractor in Wisconsin may be required to have a valid license. Bonds are also required as part of the licensing process, but minimum bond amounts vary based on the value of the work completed.
Wyoming – any general contractor working in Wyoming must follow the licensing and bonding requirements set by the municipality or city in which they intend to work.


text:
Bosznia-Hercegovina
 Donja Paklenica, falu Doboj községben, a Boszniai Szerb Köztársaságban
 Gornja Paklenica, falu Doboj községben, a Boszniai Szerb Köztársaságban

 Horvátország
Paklenica, falu Novszka községben, Sziszek-Monoszló megyében
Starigrad-Paklenica, falu és község Zára megyében
Paklenica Nemzeti Park természetvédelmi terület a Velebit hegylánc tengeri oldalán


Content Non-Generators: Why are they Outperforming?
In our first article in these series, we highlighted the structure and the advantages of the Content Non-Generating Business Model. Today, we will be ruminating on why they perform beyond expectations.
These companies are beginning to focus more on intangible assets (brand, technology etc.) as tangible (physical) assets are gradually becoming a burden. These businesses have however made their people (staff and customers) their greatest tangible assets.
As customers are increasingly becoming more tech-savvy, these businesses are also becoming digitized as they understand that the best place to meet customers is where they are and not where you want or hope for them to be. These businesses continually find easier ways of connecting to the customers and then proposing these ways to the seller at a little charge.
The ideological shift from being the boss-at-the-top to co-creator who knows how to motivate, inspire and work alongside others employees to develop the network and achieve customer satisfaction.
In addition, "the rise of cheap smartphones will allow vast portions of the population – from middle classes in cities to small businesses in rural areas – access to mobile broadband," states Fredrik Jejdling, sub-Saharan Africa head of Swedish tech company, Ericsson in a recent report by the company. Therefore, inexpensive mobile phones and mobile broadband connections are driving internet access and usage in countries where fixed internet has been out of consumer's reach due to lack of infrastructure and affordability. The report predicts that the number of devices connected to the internet will rise to about 930 million by late 2019, with three in four mobile subscriptions at the time to be internet inclusive. These statistics are particularly encouraging for indigeiuos CNGs like Cheki, Property 24, Jiji, DealDey, SME Market Hub, Domestico.com.ng, Oga Taxi etc., who are currently operating this business model.
Cheki is a Nigerian online market place where car dealers, importers and private seller post their cars for sale. Cheki works with clients throughout the purchasing process to ensure that transactions are completed with ease and payment made to the right person. Rather than individually visiting the hundreds of different car dealers, customers can get quotes from various dealers on the website, thereby saving money and getting the best deals. Cheki is the highest ranked vehicle online platform in Nigeria with approximately 80,000 vehicles listed, over 45,000 daily visitors and 1.5 million visitors monthly on the site. The online platform serves to bridge the gap between sellers and buyers of automobiles by bringing the Nigerian car market to the comfort of your homes and devices. No doubt this has improved the lives of millions of Nigerians who use this service, as people now have a price comparison guide and a third party to monitor the transaction process, making it as seamless and as fraud-free as possible. It has also had an enormous effect on the competitive framework of the automobile sale industry as car dealers' premium on cars have reduced significantly due to the availability of accessible alternatives to customers.
DealDey is another player in the very active Nigerian e-commerce space. Deal Dey, which means "we have discount deal(s)" in pidgin english, is a digital site that aggregates daily online discounts on popular goods and services. It brands itself as the largest online deals platform in sub-Saharan Africa with over 1 million users, 15,000 active merchants and 20,000 verified businesses. Whilst there are speculations regarding the intrinsic value of the company compared to the deal value. Dealdey has grown overtime to become one of Nigeria's stop shop for mega deals that would not have been easily accessible about a decade ago. The success of Dealdey and other online retailers further emphasizes the untapped business opportunities on the continent. Taking into consideration, the sheer size of the African population, the growing usage of the internet and the emerging new-age customers, managing a platform where people converge to find solutions to their needs and ensuring that the platform is very easy to use and always up-to date.


text:
Hope is the thing with feathers in 'Migrations'
By Amy Brady | Aug 25, 2020
An interview with novelist Charlotte McConaghy about her U.S. debut, 'Migrations.'
By Amy Brady | Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Climate change may be a planet-wide problem, but novels about the subject can be deeply personal. Case in point: Australian author Charlotte McConaghy's transporting U.S. debut, "Migrations." It tells the story of Franny Stone, who seeks out the last flock of Arctic terns in Greenland and then follows them on what might be their final migration. On her journey, Franny must confront her own fraught past. McConaghy links her protagonist's personal pain to that of the natural world on the brink of destruction, creating a gorgeous, elegiac mosaic of loss.
In this interview, the author and I discussed what inspired the novel, what she hopes readers take away from it, and how she sees climate change impacting her own life.
Amy Brady: Franny Stone's love of the natural world is quite moving. Where did her character come from? Is she based on anyone in real life?
Charlotte McConaghy: I think Franny just bubbled up from somewhere deep inside me. She's made up of a lot of things I wish I could be more of – she's incredibly brave, earthy, deeply connected to nature and free of ambition – and many things I'm glad I'm not. She's a lost soul and punishes herself for her wandering instinct. I'm certainly not a wanderer myself, but I did grow up moving around a lot – I'd lived in 21 houses by the time I was 21 – so I know a little about being unsure where you belong, and that's a big part of what drives Franny. She's constantly searching for a home place, a family, somewhere to belong, but unfortunately it's her itchy feet and need to move and leave that makes it hard for her to sustain those things. I think ultimately she's more connected to her wild side than most of us, more creaturely, which means she feels the loss of the natural world keenly.
Amy Brady: Migrations brims with beautiful details of Greenland and the Arctic terns that live there. And both the country and the birds play important roles in Franny's story. What inspired you to focus on them?
Charlotte McConaghy: I knew I wanted to write about migratory birds and a woman who was a bit migratory herself setting off to follow their migration, but it took me a little while (and a lot of research) to decide which birds would be the focus of this story. When I discovered that the Arctic terns have the longest migration of any animal in the world, flying from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back again every year, I fell in love with them, and their journey became a kind of metaphor for the courage my protagonist would need for her own journey. I'd be mad not to choose the birds with the longest flight. And because Greenland is where a lot of the terns have their nesting grounds and the point from which they set off on this journey, and therefore where ornithologists attempt to tag the birds, it seemed like the perfect starting point to the book. It's also a place I'm dying to visit.
Amy Brady: The novel is not only set against a backdrop of climate change – its plot is driven by the changes that Franny notices in the natural world. Do you think about climate change beyond what you write about in your fiction? Where have you seen it manifest in your own life?
Charlotte McConaghy: I must admit I think about it a lot more since I started writing Migrations. The research I did made it difficult for me to un-see the truth of how bad things have become for our environment. Once you open your eyes to it, it's really hard to ignore. In the last 50 years alone we've killed over 60% of all the earth's wild animals. I find that truly horrifying. The bushfires we've just suffered in Australia burnt over 18 million hectares of land and killed over a billion animals. Many of those species are now critically endangered and it will take a very long time and a lot of hard work to repair the damage done. And these were fires that raged because of higher temperatures due to human impact on climate change, and will rage again next summer, and the one after, growing steadily worse, and they'll start happening not just in my country but all over the world. This is just one element of how climate change is manifesting – there are countless others, and we must work to stop them.
Amy Brady: Your book is in turn devastating and hopeful. Given all we know about climate change, are you personally hopeful for the future?
Charlotte McConaghy: To be honest, it depends on which day you ask me. In general, I am, I think I have to be, and we all need to try to be, because hope can be energizing. The last thing the planet needs is for us to give up on it. But it's hard sometimes, much easier to slip into apathy because the battle seems too large, and so one thing I wanted to say with Migrations is that there is still hope left. This novel is the story of a woman's journey from losing all hope to rediscovering it again, hope not only for herself but for the wild creatures and places that are threatened.
Amy Brady: Your book engages with the heartbreaking reality of climate change without being didactic (thank you for that!). What do you hope readers take away from the novel?
Charlotte McConaghy: I hope they take a sense of responsibility for the health of this earth and a sense of our individual power to make a difference. There are so many small daily choices we can be making that all add up to help in a big way. Instead of thinking about the enormity of the problem or thinking how can anything I do possibly make a difference to whether or not sea turtles go extinct?, think about what you can do in your day to day life. If we all do this, it will have an impact. I hope they see this in Migrations and take heart from it.
Amy Brady: What's next for you? Anything you'd like my readers to look for?
Charlotte McConaghy: I'll be doing lots of virtual chats for bookshops around the country, talking all things Migrations. And next for me in terms of writing is my next book. I've spent the last year and half writing and revising my second literary novel, which will be released this time next year. It's the story of a wolf biologist who is charged with reintroducing wolves to a Scottish Highlands forest in order to rewild the landscape, but she faces a lot of push back from the reluctant locals. It's a love story, a mystery, and ultimately a story of the healing power of nature.
Migrations, by Charlotte McConaghy (Flatiron Press, published August 4, 2020)
Reprinted with permission of Amy Brady and Chicago Review of Books, a Yale Climate Connections content-sharing partner.
Topics: Arts & Culture
Memoir, poetry, and climate change in Felicia Luna Lemus' 'Particulate Matter'
By Amy Brady on Jan 15, 2021
Climate change alters a Louisiana tribe's way of life
Holiday gift guide: 3 books on hurricanes for weather enthusiasts
By Jeff Masters, Ph.D. on Dec 11, 2020
Water scarcity and the climate crisis in 'Stillicide'
By Amy Brady on Dec 7, 2020


text:
Home > News > Compliance > Plaintiffs Clear Summary Judgement in CBIZ Litigation
Compliance February 4, 2020
Plaintiffs Clear Summary Judgement in CBIZ Litigation
A federal court has ruled that the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's lawsuit against CBIZ should not be dismissed as a matter of summary judgment.
By John Manganaro
The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania has ruled in the case of UPMC v. CBIZ, determining that the lawsuit should not be dismissed as a matter of summary judgement.
The plaintiffs in the case are UPMC, also known as the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, as well as a subsidiary operating in the central part of the state known as UPMC Altoona. UPMC operates health care facilities in and around Pittsburgh; the organization is also the parent and supporting organization for numerous other nonprofit health care providers, each existing as a separate and distinct corporate entity. Plaintiff UPMC Altoona is one such subsidiary of UPMC, case documents show, having been acquired in July 2013.
At the core of this litigation are allegations that the defendants—including some named individuals as well as CBIZ Inc. and CBIZ Benefits and Insurance Services Inc.—made critical actuarial errors while conducting certain analyses for UPMC. According to plaintiffs, the errors allegedly cost UPMC more than $100 million dollars in unanticipated pension obligations after the UPMC Altoona acquisition.
According to the plaintiffs, CBIZ was paid substantial fees to perform substantial amounts of actuarial work for UPMC.
"Yet during the course of this engagement, from at least July 1, 2008, through February 2015, defendants failed to adhere to actuarial standards of practice and consequently materially erred in valuing the obligations and liabilities of Altoona's pension benefit plans for funding, compliance and accounting purposes," the lawsuit states. "Defendants' multiple errors caused the Altoona plans' projected benefit obligation (PBO) to be falsely stated on Altoona's balance sheet at $240 million. In fact, Altoona's PBO was then $373 million. Defendants had understated the liability by approximately $132.5 million."
As noted in the ruling, the defendants moved for summary judgment on the plaintiffs' malpractice and lost opportunity claims. They asserted that these claims fail because "(1) they are too speculative; (2) Altoona had sufficient funds to meet its increased funding obligation; (3) UPMC Altoona suffered no damages as a result of defendants' calculations; and (4) the claims are pre-empted by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act [ERISA]."
On the first matter, the court notes that under Pennsylvania law, a plaintiff cannot recover damages that are "too speculative, vague or contingent." Additionally, a plaintiff cannot recover damages beyond those which can be established with "reasonable certainty." Some speculation regarding damages is permissible, as evidence of damages may consist of probabilities and inferences and need not be "completely free of all elements of speculation" or proved with "mathematical certainty."
"Here, plaintiffs have shown that the damages they claim are not speculative and that they can establish them with reasonable certainty," the ruling states. "Plaintiffs claim that defendants' errors in reporting its true pension liabilities harmed them because the errors prevented Altoona from seeking and obtaining [available pension funding] relief, which caused plaintiffs to pay off liabilities they could have avoided."
Moving on the second issue, the District Court holds that numerous factual disputes about Altoona's financial situation preclude summary judgment on these grounds.
"For example, defendants say that Altoona could have made additional budget cuts to fund its pensions; plaintiffs say this was not feasible," the ruling states.
The third and fourth claims are similarly allowed to proceed.
"ERISA does not pre-empt professional malpractice actions brought by a plan sponsor because such actions are unlikely to interfere with plan administration and do not implicate the funding, benefits, reporting or administration of an ERISA plan," the ruling states. "However, ERISA pre-empts malpractice claims brought by plan beneficiaries because ERISA itself contains a civil enforcement scheme for plan beneficiaries. Here, ERISA does not pre-empt plaintiffs' malpractice and lost opportunity claims because they do not relate to the administration of an ERISA benefit plan. The mere fact that an ERISA plan is a part of plaintiffs' claim is not enough to trigger ERISA pre-emption."
Tagged: pension funding, retirement plan litigation
« Marathon PwC ERISA Litigation Grinds On


text:
Q: How can I get the .exe name using Python? I have multiple Python scripts and I formed an .exe using pyinstaller.
How do i  get the name of the exe?
I tried
file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
print(file_path)

exename = os.path.basename(__file__)
print(exename)

USER_NAME = getpass.getuser()
bat_path = r'C:\Users\%s\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup' % USER_NAME
print(bat_path)

with open(bat_path + '\\' + "open.bat", "w+") as bat_file:
    bat_file.write(r'start "" %s' % file_path)

and it's writing this on the .bat file:
start "" C:\Users\sg\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI235882

Is this correct? When I tried running this on the terminal I got an error, I was expecting
start "" C:\Users\sg\AppData\Local\Temp\<my executable name>

This looks different

A: You can use __file__ to get the name of the current file. When used in the main module, this is the name of the script that was originally invoked.
If you want to omit the directory part (which might be present), you can use os.path.basename(__file__).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
import Ember from 'ember';
import { moduleFor, test } from 'ember-qunit';

moduleFor('util:scales/d3-log-scale', 'Unit | Utility | d3 log scale');

test('domain/range', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(3);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  assert.equal(scale(10), 100);
});

test('domain element changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let domain = Ember.A([1, 10]);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: domain, range: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  domain.replace(1, 1, 100);
  assert.equal(scale(100), 100);
});

test('domain changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  scaleObserver.set('domain', [1, 100]);
  assert.equal(scale(100), 100);
});

test('range element changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let range = Ember.A([0, 100]);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1,10], range: range});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  range.replace(1, 1, 10);
  assert.equal(scale(10), 10);
});

test('range changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  scaleObserver.set('range', [1, 10]);
  assert.equal(scale(10), 10);
});

test('base', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100], base: 2});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  assert.equal(scale(10), 100);
});

test('base changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  scaleObserver.set('base', 2);
  assert.equal(scale(10), 100);
});

test('clamp', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100], clamp: true});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  assert.equal(scale(20), 100);
});

test('clamp changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  scaleObserver.set('clamp', true);
  assert.equal(scale(20), 100);
});

test('range round', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(3);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], rangeRound: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  assert.equal(scale(5.3), 72);
});

test('range round element changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let range = Ember.A([0, 100]);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1,10], rangeRound: range});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  range.replace(1, 1, 10);
  assert.equal(scale(5.3), 7);
});

test('nice', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(5);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [0.1438, 0.8769], range: [0,100], nice: true});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  let domain = scale.domain();
  assert.equal(domain[0], 0.1);
  assert.equal(domain[1], 1);
});

test('nice changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(5);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [0.1438, 0.8769], range: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  scaleObserver.set('nice', true);
  let domain = scale.domain();
  assert.equal(domain[0], 0.1);
  assert.equal(domain[1], 1);
});

test('nice changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(6);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [0.1438, 0.8769], range: [0,100], nice: true});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  scaleObserver.set('nice', false);
  let domain = scale.domain();
  assert.equal(domain[0], 0.1438);
  assert.equal(domain[1], 0.8769);
});

test('interpolate', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100], interpolate: d3.interpolateRound});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  assert.equal(scale(5.476), 74);
});

test('interpolate changed', function(assert) {
  assert.expect(4);
  let scaleObserver = this.subject({domain: [1, 10], range: [0,100]});
  scaleObserver.addObserver('scale', function() {
    assert.ok(true);
  });

  let scale = scaleObserver.get('scale');
  scaleObserver.set('interpolate', d3.interpolateRound);
  assert.equal(scale(5.476), 74);
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: binding multiple events to one selector in jQuery $("#action_button").click(function() {

How would I bind an onEnter event with a different selector to the same code above?

A: Create a named function and use that instead of an anonymous function.
$("#action_button").click(processAction);
$("#otherSelector").otherEvent(processAction);

function processAction() {
    // your code here
}

A: move the logic to a common method and call that from everywhere.for onenter event,bind keyup and check for keycode 13.
$("#new_selector").keyup(function(event){
    var keyCode = event.keyCode || event.which; // browser compatible
    if(keyCode === 13){
        do_something();
    }
});

$("#action_button").click(function() {
   do_something();
});

function do_something(){
//
}

A: did you mean add events on the same line chaining one selector?
as far as i know you have to have a brand new statement.
you could try:
$("#action_button").click(function() {...}).add('other-selector').onEnter...
but i dont know if that works at all.


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Explorer series bearings of NTN 4T2687/2631 bearing widely used in 2682 TIMKEN 2684 TIMKEN 2685 TIMKEN 2687 TIMKEN 2688 NTN 4T32311 bearing .


"CRSD" redirects here. For the Oracle Cluster Ready Services daemon (CRSd), see Oracle Clusterware. For the school district in Alaska, see Copper River School District.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD) are a family of sleep disorders which affect the timing of sleep. CRSDs arise from a persistent pattern of sleep/wake disturbances that can be caused either by dysfunction in one's biological clock system, or by misalignment between one's endogenous oscillator and externally imposed cues. As a result of this mismatch, those affected by circadian rhythm sleep disorders have a tendency to fall asleep at unconventional time points in the day. These occurrences often lead to recurring instances of disturbed rest, where individuals affected by the disorder are unable to go to sleep and awaken at "normal" times for work, school, and other social obligations.
Humans, like most living organisms, have various biological rhythms. These biological clocks control processes that fluctuate daily (e.g. body temperature, alertness, hormone secretion), generating circadian rhythms. Among these physiological characteristics, our sleep-wake propensity can also be considered one of the daily rhythms regulated by the biological clock system. Our sleeping cycles are tightly regulated by a series of circadian processes working in tandem, which allow us to experience moments of consolidated sleep during the night and a long wakeful moment during the day. Conversely, disruptions to these processes and the communication pathways between them can lead to problems in sleeping patterns, which are collectively referred to as Circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
Typical features of a normal circadian rhythm, including a bedtime of 22:00.
A circadian rhythm is an entrainable, endogenous, biological activity that has a period of roughly twenty-four hours. This clock function is centralized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and allows for the internal physiological mechanisms underlying sleep and alertness to become synchronized to external environmental cues, like the light-dark cycle. Although these rhythms will persist in constant light or dark conditions, different Zeitgebers (time givers such as the light-dark cycle) give context to the clock and allow it to entrain and regulate expression of physiological processes to adjust to the changing environment. Genes that help control light-induced entrainment include positive regulators BMAL1 and CLOCK and negative regulators PER1 and CRY.
Humans with regular circadian function have been shown to maintain regular sleep schedules, regulate daily rhythms in hormone secretion, and sustain oscillations in core body temperature. Even in the absence of zeitgebers, humans will continue to maintain a roughly 24-hour rhythm in these biological activities. Regarding sleep, normal circadian function allows people to maintain balances of rest and wakefulness that allows people to work and maintain alertness during the day's activities, and rest at night.
Some misconceptions regarding circadian rhythms and sleep commonly mislabel irregular sleep as a circadian rhythm sleep disorder. In order to be diagnosed with CRSD, there must be either a misalignment between the timing of the circadian oscillator and the surrounding environment, or failure in the clock entrainment pathway. Among people with typical circadian clock function, there is variation in chronotypes, or preferred wake and sleep times, of individuals. Although chronotype varies from individual to individual, as determined by rhythmic expression of clock genes, people with typical circadian clock function will be able to entrain to environmental cues. For example, if a person wishes to shift the onset of a biological activity, like waking time, light exposure during the late subjective night or early subjective morning can help advance one's circadian cycle earlier in the day, leading to an earlier wake time.
Patients diagnosed with circadian rhythm sleep disorders typically express a pattern of disturbed sleep, whether that be excessive sleep that intrudes on working schedules and daily functions, or insomnia at desired times of sleep. For a CRSD diagnosis, a sleep specialist gathers the history of a patient's sleep and wake habits, body temperature patterns, and dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). Gathering this data gives insight into the patient's current schedule as well as the physiological phase markers of the patient's biological clock. To measure these variables, patients wear actigraphy watches that record sleep onset, wake time, and many other physiological variables. Other supplemental ways to classify the nature of a patient's biological clock are the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, both of which have fairly strong correlations with accurately reporting phase advanced or delayed sleep. Note that extreme early or late wake times are not related to a circadian rhythm sleep disorder diagnosis.
Currently, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) lists 6 disorders that fall under the category of circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
CRSDs can be categorized into two groups based on their underlying mechanisms: The first category is composed of disorders where the endogenous oscillator has been altered, known as intrinsic type disorders. This category will be referred to as the intrinsic disorder type. The second category consists of disorders in which the external environment and the endogenous circadian clock are misaligned, called extrinsic type CRSDs.
Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD): Individuals who have been diagnosed with delayed sleep phase disorder have sleep-wake times which are delayed when compared to normal functioning individuals. People with DSPD typically have very long periods of sleep latency when they attempt to go to sleep during conventional sleeping times. Similarly, they also have trouble waking up at conventional times.
Advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD): People with advanced sleep phase disorder exhibit characteristics opposite to those with delayed sleep phase disorder. These individuals have advanced sleep wake times, so they tend to go to bed and wake up much earlier as compared to normal individuals. ASPD is less common than DSPD, and is most prevalent within older populations.
Familial Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome (FASPS) is linked to an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It is associated with a missense mutation in human PER2 that replaces Serine for a Glycine at position 662 (S662G). Families that have this mutation in PER2 experience extreme phase advances in sleep, waking up around 2 AM and going to bed around 7 PM.
Irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder (ISWRD) is characterized by a normal 24-hr sleeping period. However, individuals with this disorder experience fragmented and highly disorganized sleep that can manifest in the form of waking frequently during the night and taking naps during the day, yet still maintaining sufficient total time asleep. People with ISWRD often experience a range of symptoms from insomnia to excessive daytime sleepiness.
Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (N24SWD) is characterized by chronic patterns of sleep/wake cycles which are not entrained to the 24-hr light-dark environmental cycle. As a result of this, individuals with this disorder will usually experience a gradual yet predictable delay of sleep onset and waking times. Patients with DSPD may develop this disorder if their condition is untreated.
Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD): Approximately 9% of Americans who work night or irregular work shifts are believed to experience Shift work sleep disorder. Night shift work directly opposes the environmental cues that entrain our biological clock, so this disorder arises when an individuals clock is unable to adjust to the socially imposed work schedule. Shift work sleep disorder can lead to severe cases of insomnia as well as excessive daytime sleepiness.
Jet lag: Jet lag is best characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep as a result of misalignment between one's internal circadian system and external, or environmental cues. It is typically associated with rapid travel across multiple time zones.
Chronotherapy, best shown to effectively treat Delayed sleep phase disorder, acts by systematically delaying an individual's bedtime until their sleep-wake times coincide with the conventional 24-hr day.
Light therapy utilizes bright light exposure to induce phase advances in sleep and wake times. This therapy requires 30-60 minutes of exposure to a bright (5,000-10,000 lux) white, blue, or natural light at a set time until the circadian clock is aligned with the desired schedule.  Treatment is generally daily at the beginning, and if successful may be continued indefinitely or performed less frequently. Though proven very effective in treatment of individuals with DSPD and ASPD, the benefits of light therapy on N24SWD, Shift work disorder, and jet lag have not been studied as extensively.
Melatonin, a naturally occurring biological hormone with circadian rhythmicity, has been shown to promote sleep and entrainment to external cues when administered in drug form (0.5-5.0mg). Melatonin administered in the evening causes phase advances in sleep-wake times, while maintaining duration and quality of sleep. Similarly, when administered in the early morning, Melatonin can cause phase delays. It has been shown most effective in cases of Shift work sleep disorder and Delayed phase sleep disorder, but has not been proven particularly useful in cases of jetlag. The melatonin agonist, Tasimelteon, has been approved in the US solely for the treatment of Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder.
Vitamin B12 has been reported to normalize symptoms in individuals with Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, Delayed sleep phase disorder, and insomnia, though it's mechanism on the circadian clock still remains unclear.
Dark therapy, for example the use of blue-blocking goggles, is used to block blue and blue-green wavelength light from reaching the eye during evening hours so as not to hinder melatonin production.
^ Toh, Kong Leong (Aug 2008). "Basic science review on circadian rhythm biology and circadian sleep disorders". Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 37 (8): 662–668. ISSN 0304-4602. PMID 18797559.
^ Dunlap, J. C. (1999-01-22). "Molecular bases for circadian clocks". Cell. 96 (2): 271–290. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9988221.
^ Farhud, Dariush; Aryan, Zahra (Aug 2018). "Circadian Rhythm, Lifestyle and Health: A Narrative Review". Iranian Journal of Public Health. 47 (8): 1068–1076. ISSN 2251-6085. PMC 6123576. PMID 30186777.
^ "Body Clock & Sleep - National Sleep Foundation". www.sleepfoundation.org. Retrieved 2019-04-10.
^ a b Dodson, Ehren R.; Zee, Phyllis C (Dec 2010). "Therapeutics for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders". Sleep Medicine Clinics. 5 (4): 701–715. doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2010.08.001. ISSN 1556-407X. PMC 3020104. PMID 21243069.
^ a b Zhu, Lirong; Zee, Phyllis C. (Nov 2012). "Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders". Neurologic Clinics. 30 (4): 1167–1191. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2012.08.011. ISSN 0733-8619. PMC 3523094. PMID 23099133.
^ Kim, Min Ju; Lee, Jung Hie; Duffy, Jeanne F. (Nov 2013). "Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders". Journal of clinical outcomes management : JCOM. 20 (11): 513–528. ISSN 1079-6533. PMC 4212693. PMID 25368503.
^ a b Sateia, Michael J (Nov 2014). "International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition". Chest. 146 (5): 1387–1394. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0970.
^ Jones, Christopher R.; Huang, Angela L.; Ptáček, Louis J.; Fu, Ying-Hui (May 2013). "Genetic basis of human circadian rhythm disorders". Experimental Neurology. 243: 28–33. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.07.012. ISSN 1090-2430. PMC 3514403. PMID 22849821.
^ a b c Dagan, Yaron (Feb 2002). "Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 6 (1): 45–55. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0190.
^ Dijk, D. J.; Boulos, Z.; Eastman, C. I.; Lewy, A. J.; Campbell, S. S.; Terman, M. (June 1995). "Light treatment for sleep disorders: consensus report. II. Basic properties of circadian physiology and sleep regulation". Journal of Biological Rhythms. 10 (2): 113–125. doi:10.1177/074873049501000204. ISSN 0748-7304. PMID 7632985.
^ Food and Drug Administration (January 31, 2014). "FDA approves Hetlioz: first treatment for non-24 hour sleep-wake disorder". FDA.
^ Peuhkuri, Katri; Sihvola, Nora; Korpela, Riitta (May 2012). "Diet promotes sleep duration and quality". Nutrition Research. 32 (5): 309–319. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.009.


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text:
using namespace concurrency;

#define PIXEL_SIZE 3 //bytes

#define FltrBckOffset(index, fltrRank) (index - (fltrRank/2))

struct ProcessingUnitInfo;
struct Pixel
{
	unsigned char R, G, B;
};

class ImgFilterBase
{
private:

protected:
	Pixel *_data;
	unsigned int _imgWidth, _imgHeight;
	int *_filter, _filterNorm;
	unsigned int _filterRank;
	bool _normalize;

	ImgFilterBase();
	//Giving an index value and it's limit, this function will make sure the index is inside the matrix
	static unsigned int FixIndex(int index, unsigned int limit) restrict(amp, cpu)
	{
		if (index < 0)
			return 0;
		if (index >= limit)
			return limit - 1;

		return index;
	}
	//After we compute the color component value we need to make sure that it's value is between 0 and 255
	static unsigned int FixColorComponentValue(int value) restrict(amp, cpu)
	{
		if (value < 0)
			return 0;

		if (value > 255)
			return 255;

		return value;
	}

public:
	~ImgFilterBase();
	virtual unsigned int ImplementationId() = 0;
	virtual std::vector<ProcessingUnitInfo> GetAvailableProcessingUnits() = 0;

	//The data will be overwrite by filter process
	void SetImage(unsigned char *data, unsigned int width, unsigned int height);

	//Set the filter that will be applied to the image.
	//The rank of the matrix must be an odd value and greater or equal to 3
	void SetFilter(int *filter, unsigned int filterRank);

	//Apply filter using the specified Processing Unit
	//If the index is not valid it will throw an exception
	virtual void Filter(unsigned int puIndex, bool normalize = true) = 0;
};

struct ProcessingUnitInfo {
	std::string name;
	//if is set to 0 then we are working with the RAM memory and the CPU as PU
	// if non 0 the values is in KB
	unsigned long availableMemory;
	bool isGPU;
	ImgFilterBase *implementation;
	unsigned int processingUnitId;

	ProcessingUnitInfo(std::string pName, ImgFilterBase* pImplementation, unsigned int pProcessingUnitId, unsigned long pAvailalbeMemory, bool pIsGPU) {
		name = pName;
		implementation = pImplementation;
		processingUnitId = pProcessingUnitId;
		availableMemory = pAvailalbeMemory;
		isGPU = pIsGPU;
	}
};


This paper describes the top seven reasons CIOs select and continue to utilize the OutSystems® Platform for the delivery of web business applications. These seven reasons were identified through our regular customer surveys and specific interviews with key CIOs and technology leaders from our customer base.
The top reason we sell as much as we do is - we are very fast. The combination of the OutSystems Platform with agile methodologies shortens project release cycles to at least 50% when compared with traditional development environments like .NET or Java using non-iterative project methodologies. We have customers that have decreased their maintenance release cycles, on average, from 9 months to 4 weeks.
If OutSystems excels at compressing the release time of new solutions, it really shines when keeping up with the myriad of change requests that pour in from the business after release 1.0 of a solution goes into production.
Our customers value the fact that critical change requests can be reflected in production applications within hours or days, and that they can easily address the backlog of change requests at a very low cost.
Since projects are completed faster and with fewer resources, they are also cheaper. At the same time, OutSystems installations dramatically reduce the cost of maintenance.
Our customers value their new capacity to integrate with (literally) any system they have within their organization. The OutSystems Platform integrates quickly and robustly with the most diverse libraries, database technologies, portal frameworks, web services, etc. OutSystems overcomes the typical integration pitfalls that plague web business or composite application projects by bringing a level of project predictability that has not been possible with competing frameworks.
Speed and flexibility come at a price. In traditional technologies that price is paid in reduced IT control: poor documentation; scattered code practices; lack of performance tuning; lack of care taken for localization or performance tuning; and generally no time to setup hooks into performance management and monitoring tools. OutSystems breaks that tradeoff by providing speed and flexibility with control.
Solutions delivered with the OutSystems Platform have a high degree of adoption by the business. This is because web applications built with the OutSystems Platform are ready for demonstration on a daily base. In addition, demo sessions with the business users are held every two weeks—as defined by our Agile method. The combination of this practice with supporting technologies means that when an application is ready for rollout, the business is completely behind the decisions that were made and there are no major surprises or roadblocks that may prevent adoption.
Traditional Agile projects require disciplined, seasoned and highly skilled individuals, who are typically in the minority within the enterprise. When scaling Agile methods to the rest of the organization, many organizations become overwhelmed by the level of work required to deliver functioning software every two weeks. As a result, subsequent Agile projects get delayed and working software cannot be delivered on time—creating a bitter taste for anything "Agile".
The combination of the OutSystems Platform and Agile Network provides an integrated environment for the whole enterprise. This means all development units, maintenance teams and external partner teams, can quickly adopt Agile practices with minimal overhead and risk.


text:
Conistone Dib and Conistone Pie
Start: Conistone Distance: 2.5 miles (4.2 km) Climbing: 168 metres
Grid Ref: SD981675 Time: 1-2 hours Rating: Easy
GPX Route File Google Earth File About Conistone
Start: Conistone Distance: 2.5 miles (4.2 km)
OL2 Yorkshire Dales Southern and Western Areas
Summary: This is a short walk but with two distinct features to enjoy. It is an interesting walk which starts from the small Wharfedale village of Conistone ands which begins with an ascent through a spectacularly narrow gorge up to the Dales Way path between Grassington and Kettlewell. Next to the Dales Way Path we climb to the top crust of a quite unusual pie before returning to Conistone.
Starting point of the walk in Conistone village
Looking from the village toward Conistone Pie
This is a short wonderful walk for all ages and particularly the young explorers who will love entering the narrow gorge just above Conistone village, an enclosed passage between impressive limestone walls that sometimes gets as narrow as a roadside footpath. The walk itself begins right in the centre of the small village and heads from the village eastwards past some cottages, through a gate and along a path straight towards the gorge which is the direct access to Conistone Dib and the higher limestone tables and Conistone Pie which can be seen from the village as you set off.
Approaching the fantastic gorge above Conistone
A walker enters the enclosed confines of the gorge
The gorge itself was once a narrow dry melt-water channel called the Gurling Trough. The water is long since gone and the passing through the gorge is now a dry one. Apart from the rock wall there is much interest in the hawthorn and upland flowers and plants that defy gravity to cling to the vertical faces. I am always drawn to look at how they manage such a feat and that makes my walk through the gorge a slow one. I prefer it that way, taking it all in.
Climbing out of the gorge to Conistone Dib
Walking from Conistone Dib to meet the Dales Way
The passage through the narrowest part of the gorge is short but fascinating, as is the final heave out of the narrow path to the more open spaces of Conistone Dib. Erosion to the right has strewn boulders all around and it is an interesting stepping exercise to walk my way around the random erratics. The age long weathering has also caused an impressive scree slope to take shape to the right of the Conistone Dib which with the steep south face makes a natural enclosure. The enclosure has been completed by a strong man made dry stone wall on the north side, all done from the copious amounts of raw material supplied by the long time weathering. The channel of artificial and natural barriers led me straight up through the carnage of rock to a stepped final climb out of Conistone Dib to emerge on the flat limestone platform which is trod over by many Dales Way Path walkers. Some will have known about the enthralling characteristics of Conistone Gorge and Conistone Dib to their right but alas more will surely have missed out while following the directness of the Dales Way without seeking the diversion. For those who missed out it is a great shame.
Approaching Conistone Pie
Fun on Conistone Pie
After the exciting challenge of walking through the narrow gorge and Conistone Dib I was already in rapture but there were more thrills to come. The first was already in sight. Immediately on emerging on the limestone platform I could see a striking circular lump of raised ground 300 metres to the north. Some people were circling it while a couple sat on top. I was looking at, drawn to and walking towards Conistone Pie, a feature so clear and not so far off the Dales Way path that many walkers will have taken to detour to and climb it as a photo opportunity, or as a place for refreshment or perhaps both. Who could blame them, not me for I was intending the same. It is an enthralling castled feature, an iconic piece of ground. I decided to take lunch below the west side and sheltered from the breeze while looking out to another remarkable piece of geology in the area, the impressive face of Kilnsey Crag which was facing me directly one mile due west. It was a sight that drew my attention several times on my return journey along Scot Gate Lane packhorse road and past the only blight on the walk, the telecoms mast at Wassa Hill which I suppose is necessary for communications in Upper Wharfedale. It was soon passed and soon forgotten as I continued down to complete my short walk. On finishing I felt like a big kid having had so much fun in the gorge, on the Dib and on top of the Pie!
Yorkshire Dales Walks Homepage


Bojangles Dance Arts is a name well known in the competitive dance circuit. BDA is proud to have been recognized as one of the top 50 studios in North America by Dance Spirit magazine. Bojangles Dance Arts continues to inspire many judges, teachers and competitors with our versatile, entertaining and creative choreography. For over 3 decades we have continued to solidify our reputation and are proud to continue to challenge and produce outstanding accomplishments and results. We continue to raise the bar in the competitive dance circuit and wish to recognize all of our hard working dancers. Our achievements are only because of their outstanding commitment, hard work and dedication to dance. It is a privilege to share the following awards both past and present "on stage" with them.


Flossie's pillow pet Florence got a pillow pet last christmas from some lovely family members. Horses have always been a favourite for her and since then has not had a sleep without it. Continuity is so important with children, so when we went down to France we took it with her. She had it on the ferry, in the car and in her bed in France, and I have to say I think it really helped with adjusting to her environment quickly. She went to bed no problem every night. I have even washed it in the washing machine and it survived!! You can buy them here but most good toy shops sell them.
They are not too expensive so a great gift for any baby or toddler.. I stole it a few times in the car when Florence was not looking, it is very comfortable!


Online marketing throughout history has gone through many different names as the the profession has progressed. Internet marketing, search engine optimization also known as SEO, search engine marketing also known as SEM and various others. One of the unfortunate problems with this industry though is that unfortunately there are many imposters that claim to know what to do in this field but the real truth is that a small number actually are pros. Among large Agencies, a majority still mainly provide pay per click "PPC" which can be very helpful but is ignored by approximately 85% of the people performing searches on Google. So as search has changed so has the industry.
Today many of the actions that used to be effective are no longer helpful. In addition, the method of how people search online has changed dramatically with the rapid advances in personal mobile devices. Recent estimates show that approximately 50 percent of all searches done in the united states is done by mobile devices. This statistic may very by what company is providing the information, but there is no doubt that the percentage of searches on mobile is rising and the overwhelming search engine of choice in the United States is Google. Most studies show that ninety percent of searches are performed using this company. Obviously this is a juggernaut of a company that is entrenched in many different types of industries but certainly well known for it's dominating search results engines.
One of the newer items that has popped up in digital marketing is what is called Google Maps Marketing. There has been a long standing tradition of showing businesses by category in an area on the top of the 1st page of the search results by keyword. Initially there were 7 businesses that showed up in this area. Recently, this has been reduced to three listings and has been coined as the Google 3 pack or the "map pack". The top 3 listings that are displayed occupy the most desirable positions that can be occupied. The art of getting certain desired businesses into this 3 pack is called Google Maps Marketing. The company that is featured on this page represents one of the elite companies in maps marketing in the Kansas City area.
In addition to maps rankings, "organic" ranking is also very important. Directly below the maps pack are the organic rankings. Once again the order in which a business is ranked can have an immense impact on the number of visitors that will eventually come to a specific web page. The top three ranked websites will receive over 50% of all searches. Websites that occupy positions on page 2 receive only 2% of search traffic. The contrary to this statement is that around 98 percent of search results that do NOT look at page two of the search results. The real importance of digital marketing lies in getting more targeted traffic to a customer's website. Once again, please trust the marketing firm show here today.
Welcome to The Greater Kansas City Business directory, our mission is to create a platform that brings potential customers to the top KC businesses.