The weather has been manipulated using airplanes since the 1940's, as recounted in James Fleming's book, "Fixing The Sky: The Checkered History of Weather and Climate Control." Fleming is also interviewed in the documentary film Why In The World Are They Spraying?
May 18, 2018-- Geoengineering the atmosphere has been touted by climate scientists as a means to reduce global warming and mitigate its various impacts. They point to dangerous methane releases in the Arctic, melting glaciers, ocean acidification and extreme weather to justify using big jets to spray reactive chemicals into the sky. However, Antarctica's ice cap is growing, and the phenomenon of global warming has itself been challenged by those alleging ulterior motives lay behind it. Regardless, a handful of the country's top universities, including Harvard, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon, along with The Royal Society in the U.K., are leading lights in what appears at first glance to be a noble undertaking. By dispersing reflective particles into the atmosphere, and doing it daily for the forseeable future, global temperatures will cool as sunlight gets bounced back into space.
But where does such an audacious scheme come from? In a 2008 paper published by The Royal Society, a research team explains, "The concept of 'geoengineering' has been considered at least as far back as the 1830s with J. P. Espy's suggestion of lighting huge fires that would stimulate convective updrafts and change rain intensity and frequency of occurrence."
A century and a half later, at the "22nd International Seminar on Planetary Emergencies", a scientific paper from H-Bomb inventor Dr. Edward Teller introduced the aerial spraying program fueling so much controversy today. Held in Siciliy in 1997, the seminar brought together experts from around the world to discuss solutions to the prospect of a dangerous climate shift that might decimate the human species. According to Dr. Teller's paper, it was possible to create a manmade sunscreen around the planet, cooling it down just like ash clouds from a massive volcanic eruption would. In particular, "Materials such as Al [aluminum] ..., which auto-coat with durable, oxygen-impervious, high-integrity oxide-skins of only a few monolayers thickness, might be aptly employed...The corresponding scattering systems may be... stratospherically dispersed from an airplane tank as a suitably fine aerosol, the individual nanoparticles of which would quick-freeze at stratospheric temperatures..."
In the 2001 book Death in the Air: Globalism, Terrorism & Toxic Warfare, free-lance journalist William Thomas elaborated on how this proposed spray job might be implemented. With the Cold War over, the U.S. Air Force had 700 refueling tankers available for immediate re-assignment. The planes could be easily modified to carry vaporized metals in place of jet fuel.
This depiction of a chemtrail operation indicates that sulfates are dispersed from the aircraft. However, physicist Edward Teller called for the use of aluminum, as do patents associated with the technology and even Harvard's own Professor David Keith. Graphic: Harvardmagazine.com.
Following the logic behind Dr. Teller's plan, nearly all forms of air pollution help cool the planet because the haze they create blocks the sun. Moreover, his proposal amounted to an epic departure from the conventional wisdom prevailing just five years earlier. At that time, climate scientists agreed that only by cutting CO2 emissions, conserving energy, and restoring ocean and forest habitats could the perils of global warming be averted. Under this proposal, alternative energy sources would be fast-tracked to replace greenhouse-gas emitting power plants. In addition, the phytoplankton and trees that already convert most of the world's carbon dioxide back to oxygen would be better protected through legislation and treaties.
Destroying The Planet In Order To Save It?
A sharp rise in aerosol pollution, causing the worrisome phenomenon of global dimming. Less sunlight hinders the growth of crops, reduces solar panel electricity and promotes drought.
the prospect of catastrophic ozone layer depletion. As far back as 1992, the National Academy of Sciences had considered the aircraft spraying strategy and recommended against its deployment. The ozone layer is earth's only shield against ultraviolet violet light from the sun, and its loss imperils nearly all biological life forms, from plants to humans.
the massive deforestation taking place throughout Asia. Geoengineers concede that a perennial drought in Asia and Africa is an inevitable side effect of aerosol spraying.
the unprecedented tree die-off in California. Geoengineers don't list this as a consequence of weather modification, but chemtrail opponents remain skeptical about the other causes cited to date.
an ever declining food supply for the world's population. The reduction has been linked to global dimming and extreme weather events.
continued temperature increases on the ground. Aerosol obscuration prevents the earth's absorbed heat from rising back into the atmosphere. Such rising heat is critical to generating rainfall in the tropics, without which the rainforests will collapse.
Such developments seem to contradict the stated goal of geoengineering and aerosol spraying, which is to slow down global warming and its consequences, not speed things up. This may be why scientists at Carnegie Mellon, Stanford and Harvard are playing coy when it comes to their unusual job occupation. When they're not making the rounds at science conferences, enjoying lunch with billionaire investors, or taping interviews at Comedy Central, geoengineers like David Keith and Stanford's Ken Caldeira insist that dispersing aluminum into the sky is just an idea they're batting around their heads. It's not something that's actually taking place in realtime. That would require congressional hearings, legislation, environmental assessments, etc., etc. An occasional field experiment may be conducted here and there, dispersing "minimal amounts of compounds" and "under strict university controls", but that's all there is to see right now.
In 2009, Keith also started a private company. Based in Canada, Carbon Engineering hopes to market equipment one day that will remove carbon dioxide from the air and turn it into a synthetic, non-fossil fuel. Besides being in its infancy, this attempt to reduce CO2 emissions one gas tankful at a time is a far cry from the programs Prof. Keith has written about for two decades. Until recently, he had defined geoengineering as "the intentional large-scale manipulation of the global environment" with "the primary intention of reducing undesired climatic change caused by human influences." Such statements carry the brazen ring of Edward Teller, who was himself known to wax giddy in extolling the power of nukes. "We will change the earth's surface to suit us," he once said. All of which makes you wonder. Is there a darker side to Teller's aerial spraying campaign?
Actor Peter Sellers (top photo) played the title character in Stanley Kulbrick's 1964 movie, Dr. Strangelove - or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb . Edward Teller is rumored to have been the inspiration for Strangelove. As for authoring a study on aerosol spraying, the father of the hydrogen bomb was 89-years-old in 1997 and likely deferred the grunt work to his two co-authors, phycisists Lowell Wood (bottom left)and Roderick Hyde. Both men worked on the Strategic Defense Initiative at Lawrence Livermore Labs, which likely laid the groundwork for many of today's geoengineering initiatives. Prof. Ken Caldeira (bottom middle) also called Lawrence Livermore home for 12 years, co-authoring a paper with Dr. Teller for the "24th International Seminar on Planetary Emergencies." Since Teller's death in 2003, Wood and Caldeira have carried the torch for the aerial spraying initiative, with help from Harvard's Prof. David Keith (bottom right). Photos: Columbia Pictures, Twitter, Carbon Engineering.
Other critics go further in bashing the chemtrail operation. They suspect the case for global warming made since the 1970's is little more than a bedtime story masking a more nefarious agenda afoot. After all, it's easier to secure the acquiescence of public officials (and pilots) if you portray your worldwide planet-dusting strategy as an attempt to rescue humanity from explosive methane gas releases and other fallout from a biosphere approaching its boiling point.
In a 2014 article posted on the website of Geoengineering Watch, activist Dane Wigington asserts, "Though groups of scientists like the Arctic Methane Emergency Group are calling for 'emergency wartime scale geoengineering to avert planetary catastrophe', available data indicates that the very geoengineering programs they are selling as a cure are more likely a major causal factor in triggering the methane catastrophe in the first place."
Although media coverage of geoengineering has focused on the academic players, it may indeed be the case that the R&D phase is over and implementation has begun. In fact, the U.S. Armed Forces have been in the business of modifying the weather since 1947. That year, in collaboration with General Electric, Project Cirrus spawned two natural disasters. The first was the Cape Sable Hurricane in Miami, while a second hurricane made landfall on Tybee Island after a pilot dropped dry ice into it. Although the initiative proved an embarrassment to everyone involved, its stated intention was to prevent disasters, not instigate them, just as it's still claimed today.
In the 1960's, a project called Nile Blue investigated ways to steer hurricanes and spawn tornadoes in order to "destabilize weather in the Soviet Union, China and Cuba, thereby ruining food harvests. The project made use of the world's largest computer at the time, ILLIAC IV, and was managed by the U.S. Military's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA.
"The key to geophysical warfare is the identification of the environmental instabilities to which the addition of a small amount of energy would release vastly greater amounts of energy... To trigger this instability, the required energy might be introduced violently by explosions or gently by small bits of material able to induce rapid changes by acting as catalysts or nucleating agents."
As for how weather modification might be deployed as a weapon, MacDonald explained: "A nation possessing superior technology in environmental manipulation could damage an adversary without revealing its intent. Modification of storms, too, could have major strategic implications. As I have mentioned, preliminary experiments have been carried out on the seeding of hurricanes. The dynamics of hurricanes and the mechanism by which energy is transferred from the ocean into the atmosphere supporting the hurricane are poorly understood. Yet various schemes for both dissipation and steering can be imagined. Although hurricanes originate in tropical regions, they can travel into temperate latitudes, as the residents of New England know only too well. A controlled hurricane could be used as a weapon to terrorize opponents over substantial parts of the populated world."
From a legal perspective, the United States is a party to the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, or ENMOD. While the treaty explicitly bans weather warfare between nations, it exempts all domestic activities. It's an odd caveat, if you think about it, since weather systems don't normally recognize national boundaries and can end up in any far-flung corner of the earth once they gather enough steam.
At any rate, ever since HAARP and its sister facilities went online, the Pentagon has been accused of doing to U.S. cities and towns what it did in Vietnam. While the original design of today's weather (and climate) modification program may be attributed to DARPA and Edward Teller's Lawrence Livermore Labs, the actual programming of today's weather is managed by the U.S. Air Force, Raytheon and other defense contractors. Naturally, when official denials and discrediting of whistleblowers fail to keep the program below the radar (so to speak), the media focus can be easily directed toward those friendly professors at Harvard, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon. Such highly regarded and familia institutions no doubt provide a more palatable storefront than a bunker full of generals.
And although it's still of matter of speculation, one might also deduce from the facts on file that control of the weather epitomizes Eisenhower's 1960 warning about a military-industrial complex run amuck. For instance, weather warfare opponents allege on YouTube and their websites that jets may now be dispatched over the Gulf of Mexico at any time to create a Category 5 Frankenstein. And the planes need not even be piloted, as the technology for remotely flying aircraft has long been even commercially available to passenger airlines. Once on location, aerosols can be injected in conjuction with a radio frequency (RF) wave-pulsing scheme to resonate the clouds around a defined eye. In this manner, an otherwise disorganized weather system will coalesce together and gain steam, forming a hurricane.
Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, as well as the more recent Hurricanes Harvey and Irma are offered as examples of geoengineered storms. While hard evidence of these claims may be impossible to obtain without help from a whistleblower, the same activists point to a long list of patents, along with a 1996 military research paper called Owning the Weather in 2025: Weather as a Force Multiplier to make their case. In addition to aerosol spraying (or injection) into cloud banks, the briefing paper lists a host of other weather modification techniques that might be employed to win a war. Of course, there's no war going on in the Gulf of Mexico, while targetting civilian populations is a crime under international law and the U.S. Military Code of Conduct.
"As economic competition among many advanced nations heightens, it may be to a country's advantage to ensure a peaceful natural environment for itself and a disturbed environment for its competitors. Operations producing such conditions might be carried out covertly, since nature's great irregularity permits storms, floods, droughts, earthquakes and tidal waves to be viewed as unusual but not unexpected. Such a 'secret war' need never be declared or even known by the affected populations. It could go on for years with only the security forces involved being aware of it. The years of drought and storm would be attributed to unkindly nature and only after a nation were thoroughly drained would an armed take-over be attempted."
Defense contractors working with the U.S. Air Force and NOAA on weather modification schemes.
Traders and investment firms active in the futures, weather derivatives, and agricultural commodities markets.
Multi-national agribusinesses - especially Monsanto - who are trying to dominate the world's food markets and eliminate non-GMO seeds.
For more on the films, see What Are They Spraying In The Sky?
The stock market angle represents a particular ugly twist in the chemtrail story. Apparently, whenever drought, flooding and other weather-related calamities occur, hundreds of millions of dollars can be made by hedging with weather derivatives. According to Michael Agne, a trader on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, "You're betting there's going to be a weather disaster within a particular time-frame, at a particular location, and when it does happen there's going to be a big pay-off." That's because disasters impact the volatility index and drive up the price of commodities, utilities, transportation and other service industries. Agne, who's interviewed in the documentary film Why in The World Are They Spraying?, says says that the energy firm Enron traded the first weather derivative at approximately the same time that chemtrailing began.
Theoretically, any investor (or corporation) who knows in advance about a coming weather disaster might profit even more by either buying or selling commodities, futures and other stock market products that will be affected by the catastrophe. Indeed, many chemtrail opponents now accuse the world's wealthy elites of having cooked up the global warming scenario in the first place as a novel way to multiply their fortunes. And working at their behest, government agencies like the U.S. Air Force and N.A.T.O., are busy engineering the weather yearround to deliver those disasters on a negotiated schedule.
Unfortunately, at the other end of these stock transactions are non-GMO farmers who lose their crops to extreme weather, fungal infections or a variety of other abiotic stresses. According to an ex-farmer and current radio commentator, Barbara Peterson, thousands of small family farms have filed for bankruptcy in recent years or sold out as a result of repeated losses due to bad weather.
Peterson, who's also interviewed in Why in The World Are They Spraying?, says Monsanto's solution to the farmers' plight – to buy the company's all-weather and aluminum oxide resistant seed lines – represents another smoking gun behind chemtrails.
Approved by the USDA in 2001, Terminator seeds produce sterile seeds in crops, forcing farmers to buy a new batch each season. Because of the current controversy surrounding them, Peterson says the seeds are still not widely used, so Monsanto relies on its patents and a 40-page contract to prevent farmers from using the non-sterile seeds they collect during harvests. While the cost of GMO seeds is formidable, the plants that sprout are capable of surviving the full gamut of abiotic stresses – drought, flooding, frost, excess UV radiation and even aluminum oxide poisoning. Such seeds may also provide a shorter growing season, thus affording the chance for a second planting if the farmer's first crop fails.
Preying on the misery of the farmers, investment groups have gobbled up the acreage when it's eventually put up for sale or auctioned. Among the buyers, Peterson notes, is billionaire hedge fund manager George Soros. And his isn't the only firm cashing in, according to Bloomberg.com.
While the eulogy for organic and non-GMO seeds is no doubt being written as we speak, the reverberations of agribusinesses taking over almost all American farms don't end there. In fact, one might lie awake deep into the night pondering various genetic modifications that Monsanto and its rivals (if there are any left) have in store for our dinner table. Unlike vaccinations, parents can't simply say no when it comes to feeding their children. Neither can they relocate outside this country's borders to escape the genetically mutated harvest. The Wall Street farm grab is a global phenomenon.
In 2011, for example, Soros bought Adecoagro, which operates more than three dozen massive farms in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Moreover, the world's richest man, Bill Gates, has himself become a Monsanto investor in recent years. Significantly, the company is actively marketing its GMO seed products in Africa, where the Microsoft founder operates a charitable foundation. So far, however, the nonprofit Alliance for a Green Revolution has promised not to use GMO seeds. Gates is also connected to geoengineer David Keith, who has managed Gates's Fund for Innovative Energy and Climate Research.
For more on GMO's and developments in agriculture, please see the documentary film The World According to Monsanto.
So what happens when a forecast of clear skies is always followed by hazy days with artificial cloud cover? Or what if a weather-modified tornado strikes after evening news programs predict only a slight chance of showers? We may never know, since the weather forecasting industry has itself undergone modification in the last several years. As in the case of farmland, financial firms have suddenly developed a yen for this business, assuming control of television and online outlets throughout the Unites States and beyond. In 2011, the Rothschild banking family bought a majority stake in Weather Central, the Wisconsin-based distributor of interactive weather services. The purchase no doubt piqued the interest of conspiracy theorists, as the Rothschilds figure prominently in Jim Marrs' 1995 book Rule By Secrecy.
Within a year, the U.K. based Weather Service International, or WSI, acquired Weather Central. WSI is itself a subsidiary, owned by an Orwellian sounding entity called The Weather Company, or TWC. And we've all heard of TWC's most famous division, The Weather Channel. In recent years, TWC has also acquired the online services Weather Underground and Intellicast. And who owns TWC? That would be Comcast's NBC Universal, the Blackstone Group and Bain Capital. Of this curious trio, the latter two firms were prosecuted and fined by the SEC in 2014 for collusion in buying up companies to reduce competition.
The name Blackstone Group might also prick the ears of conspiracy theorists, having been co-founded by a long-time Rockefeller Family associate, Peter Peterson. Peterson chaired both the Council on Foreign Relations and the New York Federal Reserve at the time of the September 11th terrorist attacks. (His firm enjoyed a "strategic alliance" with Henry Kissinger Associates as well.) It's alleged that Blackstone Group may have participated in the so-called inside job that brought down the Twin Towers on that fateful day, and that the collapse of 7 World Trade Center late that afternoon was a planned demolition.
Returning to more recent events, in October 2015, IBM bought TWC -- that is, except for The Weather Channel, which minus its digital arm remains the property of Blackstone Group, et. al. And that purchase was preceded by Google's announcement of a new partnership with The Weather Company to provide online storm tracking. It's expected that any independent weather forecast services still operating will soon fall by the wayside now that the mother of all search engines is throwing in with Big Brother.
One reason for the shroud of secrecy may involve the company that provides NWS employees with most of their data. Raytheon is one of the nation's top defense contractors, providing missile systems, intelligence and surveillance capabilites, drones and cyber-security for the U.S. Air Force and other divisions of the military. In 2015, it received over $2 billion dollars in mission support contracts alone. Raytheon also manages the much touted Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) through a subsidiary called E-Systems. AWIPS gathers satellite, radar and hydrological data worldwide for downloading into weather modeling programs at NWS and NOAA stations. Interestingly, E-Systems owns the Bernard Eastland patent mentioned earlier in this article.
It's a lot to digest, isn't it? Given so much circumstantial evidence of dire events on the horizon, you might be wondering what top U.S. environmental organizations have to say about geoengineering and weather modification. Turns out, neither the Sierra Club nor the Natural Resources Defense Council have flinched, which is troubling given that both groups are headquartered in fire-ravaged, forest-collapsing California. The NRDC, whose leading P.R. man is Robert Redford, has so far offered a lukewarm shoutout to the geoengineering teams at Stanford, Harvard and Carnegie Mellon. For its part, the Environmental Defense Fund says it supports what it describes to its donors as small-scale, outdoor weather modification field experiments.
And therein lies the crux of this 21st century pickle we find ourselves in.


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Senior Laney Brosam is currently in her third year of Journalism. She has been heavily involved in the yearbook department, with her primary passion being photography. "I like to take pictures and make yearbook spreads," s...
Ava Rush
Between homework, sports, and other extracurriculars, time management can be hard to control. Junior Ava Rush is used to this lack of free time, as she is deeply involved in five activities. Journalism, cross country, volleyball, trac...
Allison Berryhill
Journalism advisor and English teacher Allison Berryhill has been teaching at Atlantic High School for 18 years, teaching English 1 and all branches of Journalism, including broadcasting, yearbook, and newspaper. "I love the fact th...

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HomeShip SinkingsSteam Ship City of Chester Sinking San Francisco Bay
Steam Ship City of Chester Sinking San Francisco Bay
Steam Ship SS City of Chester Sinking San Francisco Bay – On August 22, 1888 the Steam Ship, "The City of Chester" was outbound from port as RMS Oceanic was inbound and the two collided. Of the 90 passengers on The City of Chester only 13 passengers and 3 crew died.
The ship was found by a predecessor of NOAA, the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, in September 1888, during a geodetic survey using a wire dragged from a tug named, "Raymond".
It was rediscovered 400 feet away in May 2013 by NOAA, Office of Coast Survey Navigational Response Team 6 using a multi-beam sonar where it was located under 217 feet (66 m) of water, just inside the Golden Gate Bridge. NOAA waited until months later to present its findings publicly, after sorting through heaps of data and sonar imagery.
The SS City of Chester built in 1875 at 202 feet long was rammed by the 704 feet long RMS Oceanic near the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco Bay on August 22, 1888 around 10:00am. Weather conditions were dense fog and strong currents as the City of Chester and RMS Oceanic frantically used signal whistles to locate the exact position of the other ship. The City of Chester was outbound to Eureka, California when the inbound RMS Oceanic from Hong Kong came into view. The two ships could not prevent the RMS Oceanic from embedding itself in the hull of the City of Chester.
The Oceanic Crew was Chinese with around a thousand passengers who were all Chinese immigrants. At this time US anti-Chinese xenophobia was at a peak and initial reports indicated the Chinese let the City of Chester's passengers drown. Later the true details emerged of Chinese passenger and crew efforts to save the souls on the City of Chester and prejudice against the Chinese began to diminish.
From researching this story we found many indications of how fast this news report spread in 1888. Consider the incident occurred around 10:00 am on 22 August in 1888 and a news clip from the, "New Zealand Herald" reported by a San Francisco Correspondent featured the news in the, "Old American Letter" dated 25 August 1888, only three days later.
NOAA City of Chester Shipwreck
Wkiipedia SS City of Chester
San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park
SS City of Chester
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Hornblower Cruises' Tahoe Queen Grounding Lake Tahoe California – Hornblower Cruises' Tahoe Queen grounding near Thomas F Regan Beach S Lake Tahoe, California with nearly 300 passengers aboard. Hornblower Cruises' Tahoe Queen ran aground at […]
Salamis Cruise Ship Glory Collision Freighter Shelly Haifa Bay Israel – On August 31, 2007, (0100 Israel Time) a Greek cruise ship sliced open a small freighter in Haifa Bay, resulting in the sinking of […]
MV Bulgaria Sinks In Storm Russia Volga River Russia
MV Bulgaria Sinks In Storm Russia Volga River (see video below)– A disaster that never should have taken place, took the lives of 122 people aboard the Russian cruise ship MV Bulgaria when she sunk in […]


The UK government is due to unveil a policy paper outlining ways to fight everything from online hate speech to election interference and manipulation attempts.
The report added that the regulator would have the power to impose "substantial" fines.
The issue gained added urgency with Facebook's failure to immediately halt livestreams of a March 15 attack by a self-avowed white supremacist on two mosques in New Zealand that killed 50 people.
The Guardian newspaper said the UK government's "white paper" outlining its social media oversight proposals would be published Monday after months of delays.
The initial implementation phase would probably be overseen by Britain's Ofcom media regulator, with a separate independent oversight body created down the line, The Guardian said.
A government spokesman did not confirm or deny The Guardian report, noting that the proposals would be published "shortly".
"We have heard calls for an internet regulator and to place a statutory 'duty of care' on platforms, and have seriously considered all option," the government spokesman said.
Ian Russell, whose 14-year-old daughter Molly took her own life in 2017 after following a range of social media accounts on depression and suicide, called stricter regulation "a matter of life and death".
"Governments have allowed social media platforms to be self-regulated, but remember this really is a matter of life and death and it's getting worse," Russell said.
"Now is the time for the UK government to bring effective internet regulation, with strong sanctions as back-up."


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Bellator & RIZIN Provide Breath of Fresh Air With Bellator 237
Michael Henken
SAITAMA, JAPAN - DECEMBER 29, 2019: The audience during the Bellator 237 at Saitama Super Arena; Bellator 237 is a cross-promotional event between Bellator MMA and the Rizin Fighting Federation. Valery Sharifulin/TASS (Photo by Valery SharifulinTASS via Getty Images)
There's no denying that the UFC remains the world's premier mixed martial arts organization, but fight fans also need a change of pace from time to time. This is especially true when the UFC's saturated schedule is taken into account. It's rare to have a weekend without a UFC card. While some may not see that as an issue, some have also been critical because events can often feel stale and repetitive. Sure, there are still "big" UFC events that have a special aura around them, but these cards seem to occur less frequently than they did in the past. Enter Bellator 237.
Lucky for fight fans, other promotions have begun to gain steam in recent years. These promotions offer different perspectives and a breath of fresh air to the fight game. In fact, Bellator did this when the promotion hosted Bellator 237 at the famed Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan for the very first time. Here's how the promotion did it:
Co-Promoting With RIZIN
The sport of mixed martial arts was born out of a simple question: 'which fighting style is the best?' In the early days, this meant pitting a striker against a grappler, a boxer against a wrestler, a kickboxer against a jiu-jitsu artist, etc.
As the years have gone by, and fighters have begun to evolve, MMA has become more about simply finding the best fighter. And while the UFC has entered a "money fight" era of sorts in recent times, the promotion has typically done a solid job of matching the best against the best.
However, it must be noted that many different promotions are now home to high-level fighters. It's incredibly difficult to determine true supremacy with fighters being divided by promotional barriers.
It's that reason that makes the working relationship between Bellator and RIZIN so special. Unlike many other promotions, the two organizations have begun to co-promote, matching up fighters from both promotions against each other.
That was the case at Bellator 237. While Bellator and RIZIN certainly didn't book any fights involving the absolute best of each promotion facing off, the mixing and matching of a larger pool of fighters certainly provides a different level of excitement. This is especially true when it's not being done anywhere else.
A Stacked Card From Top To Bottom
Given the tremendous amount of UFC cards, it's near impossible for the promotion to stack every card. And while a fight can turn out spectacular regardless of what it looks like on paper, many events simply lack depth.
That wasn't the case with Bellator 237, however, as the two organizations filled the card with big names and intriguing fights. And, the fights themselves turned out to be a hit, as all but one main card bout ended in a finish.
Submission ace Goiti Yamauchi kicked things off with a first-round rear-naked-choke victory over well-known UFC veteran and RIZIN standout Daron Cruickshank. Kana Watanabe followed that up with a third-round stoppage of her own, defeating Ilara Joanne.
Next, top welterweight Lorenz Larkin put on a clinic, outclassing Keita Nakamura to earn a clear unanimous decision. Then, Michael "Venom" Page and Michael Chandler, two Bellator mainstays, delivered back-to-back knockout victories.
And finally came the main event–a bout between two legendary combatants in Fedor Emelianenko and Quinton "Rampage" Jackson. While some may be against the booking of aging fighters, this bout represented the perfect fight for each man. And it took place in the perfect location.
Overall, Bellator and RIZIN put together a card filled with exciting fights between some of their most well-recognizable names. In addition to that, the production and atmosphere of the event were second to none.
One factor that plays into UFC events feeling stale at times, is the lack of expression allowed by fighters. For example, each fighter is fitted in the same Reebok uniform. The entrances of fighters are also rarely unique. This simply limits the possibilities of an event.
Bellator has always tried to do the exact opposite of this, allowing fighters to wear what they want and attempting to make entrances more exciting. At Bellator 237, this was especially true, specifically regarding the entrances.
For the event, a massive jumbotron was on display behind a long ramp that led to the ring. Each fighter had a montage to go along with a song of their choice and any type of outfit they had elected to wear.
It felt fitting. It felt exciting. And it felt different.
And not only did it resonate with fans, but it was clear that the fighters felt it as well. Larkin, for example, turned around and looked at the screen as he made his entrance, taking everything in. Page, always the showman, meanwhile, was decked out in unique attire and made the most of his walk as well.
And when the main event rolled around, the most hardcore of fans couldn't help but feel a sense of nostalgia. Emelianenko and Jackson made entrances reminiscent of their glory days in Pride.
Overall, the event delivered in all aspects. It felt special and provided a much-needed breath of fresh air to the ever-changing, yet often stagnant fight game.
Here's to hoping more of the same follows, as we enter 2020 and beyond.
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Sports media student from Long Island, New York covering MMA, Boxing, and the New York Jets. I'm a young writer looking to make my mark as a journalist.


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Michael Voight,
PT,DHSc,SCS,OCS,ATC,CSCS,FAPTA
Dr. Michael Voight has had a distinguished career as both an educator and clinical physical therapist for over 25 years. Throughout his career he has not only become one of the leading authorities in the rehabilitation of orthopedic and sports injuries, but also worked tirelessly to advance the knowledge of others as a clinician and educator by making significant contributions to the literature. Dr. Voight is also recognized as a Certified Athletic Trainer and Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist. Presently, Dr. Voight is a tenured professor with Belmont University's School of Physical Therapy in Nashville, Tenn. He also holds a position of Adjunct Associate Professor in the Vanderbilt School of Medicine – Department of Orthopedics. In addition to working in academia, Dr. Voight is also recognized as a clinician of the highest caliber, and has worked with a number of high-profile athletic organizations. Throughout his career, Dr. Voight has served as a Team Physical Therapist in the NFL and NBA. In addition, Dr. Voight has consulted with various teams in MLB, NHL, and MLS. Early in his career, he became active within the United States Olympic Committee's Sports Medicine Division. He has worked at the Olympic Training Center, Olympic Festivals, Pan Am Games, Olympic Games, and has traveled to nearly every continent with various Olympic and national teams. Dr. Voight has lectured extensively at various conferences, symposiums, and congresses both nationally and internationally, giving over 750 professional presentations on a variety of orthopedic and sports medicine topics. Dr Voight holds a senior teaching position for the North American Institute of Sports Physical Therapy (www.rehabeducation.com), and is currently the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. He has authored over 75 papers, textbook chapters on various topics, and three textbooks on functional exercise. Dr. Voight is a clinician, educator, and researcher who is regarded by his peers as one of the leading musculoskeletal physical therapists in the world. He remains extremely active in patient care, education, and research activities. His lectures are both well-attended and receive excellent reviews


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Published April 6, 2022 12:41pm EDT
Pivotal factors of upcoming 2022 hurricane season explained
Hurricane forecasting has changed over the years, because now 'we believe in the models'
By Chris Oberholtz , Bryan Norcross Source FOX Weather
Previewing the factors of the upcoming 2022 hurricane season
FOX Weather Hurricane Specialist Bryan Norcross previews the factors that will play into the upcoming 2022 hurricane season.
FOX Weather Hurricane Specialist Bryan Norcross knows a lot about tropical cyclones. The renowned meteorologist has covered these types of storms for more than 50 years.
Hurricane Camille made landfall in 1969 when Norcross was on the radio as a disc jockey, reading the first Hurricane Advisory.
Over the years, his focus has always been on keeping people safe by providing the best hurricane-forecast information possible when the season ramps up during the summer.
"This is kind of an auspicious year. It's 30 years since Hurricane Andrew hit South Florida. And for those of us that were in South Florida for that, it's something we will never, ever forget."
BRYAN NORCROSS, RENOWNED METEOROLOGIST AND HURRICANE SPECIALIST, JOINS FOX WEATHER
In 1992, Norcross was the first meteorologist in Miami to sound the alarm about the severity of Category 5 Hurricane Andrew and spent 23 hours on television covering the monster cyclone.
Water from hurricanes, tropical storms kills more in US than wind
Water from hurricanes, tropical storms kills more in US than wind.
"We got about 100-mph winds, but it was, at that time, the most expensive natural disaster in the history of the United States times about four. It was just so off the charts as an unbelievable storm," Norcross said.
In 2012, he raised the alarm on another powerful cyclone – Superstorm Sandy, which caused tremendous devastation along the New Jersey, Long Island and other coastlines in the Northeast.
WHY THE SCIENCE OF SUPERSTORM SANDY WAS BOTH NORMAL AND ABNORMAL
In New York City, flooding was the primary concern. Aside from LaGuardia Airport, subways were also completely flooded, and the high tide around The Battery happened at the wrong time.
What's the difference between a Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, and Hurricane?
Tropical Depressions, Tropical Storms, and Hurricanes all have different characteristics that are compared and contrasted in this video
"It actually turns out that if Sandy had come in about six hours either side, it would have been worse," Norcross said.
The critical infrastructure around the Bronx, the food supply for New York and the sewer systems would have been interrupted.
As we head into this year's hurricane season, Norcross, a Florida State University graduate who also holds an honorary doctorate in public service from Florida International University, will discuss more on the legacy of Hurricane Sandy and what we learned for future storms.
Hurricane forecasting has changed over the years
"It's very different now because now we believe in the models. Back then, we didn't," Norcross said.
While seasonal forecasting has become better over the years, it's still not great – especially in April. A seasonal forecast by Colorado State University is expected to be released Thursday. It was invented in 1984 by pioneering hurricane forecaster William Gray, an emeritus professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University.
THE HISTORY OF THE PIONEERS BEHIND THE ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON FORECASTS
Looking back on last year's hurricane season, it was super busy.
(FOX Weather)
"It was like one after the other, after the other, after the other," Norcross said. "We went from August into September. And then it pretty much stopped when we got to October."
There were 21 named storms last year, but six of those early in the season were poorly organized and weak. In total, seven hurricanes formed, of which four were Category 3 or higher.
7 THINGS WE'LL REMEMBER ABOUT THE 2021 ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON
State of El Niño and La Niña
When looking at the factors this time of year, which Colorado State will be examining in its forecast, the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean are pivotal.
"There's an area in the Pacific that is an area of interest that scientists measure El Niño and La Niña. And the question is, 'Is this going to be cool or not?'" Norcross said.
If this area has significantly cooler-than-average waters, it creates upper-level winds that are more favorable and conducive to storms developing in the Atlantic.
"Right now, it's cool, so we'll keep an eye on that," Norcross said.
When looking at the Pacific temperature predictions from different computer forecast models, almost all the output indicates somewhat cooler waters, and the consensus among them is just a little cooler than average.
"We call that a generally slightly cool to neutral condition. But a few of the forecasts are very cool," Norcross said.
The Atlantic Ocean is ranging from slightly warmer than average to just slightly cooler. And when you combine those two things, this season looks like last season, Norcross said.
"I expect we're going to see numbers similar to that – 21, maybe a little bit less, maybe 18, 19, 20," Norcross said.
FOX Weather will get the official word from Colorado State University on Thursday.


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Home › Insights › Blogs › Maryland State Tax Updates
Maryland State Tax Updates
For the latest news and updates on Maryland state and local tax
Maryland AG Files Appeal to Revive Digital Advertising Tax
Authored by: Brandon Spinella and Bonnie Susmano, JD, MBA
Attorney General Brian Frosh officially filed a notice of appeal with Maryland's Court of Special Appeals to challenge the October 17, 2022, ruling by the Anne Arundel County Circuit Court, which held the Digital Advertising Gross Revenues Tax violates the Internet Tax Freedom Act as a discriminatory tax on digital commerce. Furthermore, the Circuit Court held the tax was unconstitutional because it violates the Commerce Clause and the First Amendment. In Maryland, legal appeals are the sole purview of the Attorney General's office. However, Comptroller Peter Franchot previously and publicly expressed doubts about the constitutionality of the State's Digital Advertising Gross Receipts Tax, exposing a schism between the Attorney General's and State Comptroller's offices.
Several other states were on the verge of passing sales taxes similar to the Maryland Digital Advertising Tax.It appears that these other states will wait for a final determination with regards to the Maryland Digital Advertising Tax before proceeding to enact their own Digital Advertising taxes.
Maryland Judge Strikes Down First Digital Ad Tax in the U.S., Maryland Attorney General to Appeal Judge's Decision
Authored by: Brandon Spinella and Zhoudi Tang, CPA, MST
A year after being enacted, Maryland's controversial digital ad tax has been quashed by State Circuit Court Judge Alison Asti. Judge Asti ruled the tax violates the First Amendment, the Commerce Clause, and the federal Internet Tax Freedom Act by discriminating against e-commerce. Maryland AG Brian Frosh has indicated he plans to appeal the Judge's decision. The AG's appeal does not appear to have the backing of Maryland Comptroller Peter Franchot, as he has doubts about the constitutionality of the law and believes it may negatively affect small businesses in the state. While several states have proposed similar taxes, Maryland was the first and only state to implement a digital ad tax. It appears the enactment of similar taxes in other states are now on hold pending the outcome of the litigation in Maryland. If you have questions about how the Internet Tax Freedom Act may affect your business, please contact a member of the Withum SALT Team.
Maryland Comptroller Releases Revised Guidance on the Taxability of Digital Products
Authored by: Brandon Vance and Bonnie Susmano, JD, MBA
On July 1, 2022, Maryland Comptroller released updates to the taxability of digital products and codes. The original digital products and codes sales tax were effective March 14, 2021. The tax rate has been unchanged and will stay at 6 percent. However, H.B.791 and S.B. 723 changed the definition of digital products to exclude particular property interests and certain types of computer software. Maryland Comptroller released Business Tax Tip #29, which provides an in-depth analysis of the taxability of digital products and services in Maryland. If you have questions about the taxability of your Company's digital products and services in Maryland, please reach out to the Withum SALT Team.
Maryland Comptroller Announces More Than Three Million State Tax Returns Processed
On July 18, Maryland Comptroller Peter Franchot announced that the Comptroller agency processed over three million personal tax returns for the 2021 tax year. The processed returns comprised more than $2.34 billion in refunds for approximately 2.14 million Maryland taxpayers. The average refund check is roughly $1,100.00. The Comptroller's office aims to refund Maryland taxpayers in less than three business days.
Maryland Exempts Sales and Use Tax on Certain Baby Products, Medical Devices and Masks
On April 1, 2022, Maryland Governor Hogan signed two bills that exempt certain baby products, medical devices and face masks from sales tax effective July 1, 2022. Exempt baby products include baby bottles and bottle nipples, and infant car seats. Exempt medical devices include certain thermometers, pulse oximeters, blood pressure monitors and respirators. Qualified respirators for exemption are N95, China KN95, Japan DS, Korea 1st Class, AS/NZS 15 P2 or European FFP2 filtering facepiece respirators.
Maryland Extends Individual Income Tax Return Extension and Filing Due Date
On January 19, 2022, The Comptroller of Maryland released a tax alert stating that the state will extend the deadline for resident and nonresident individual income tax filings and payments for 2021. Individual income tax returns originally due between January 24, 2022 and April 18, 2022 will now be due on July 15, 2022. The Comptroller also waived interest and penalties for late payment if the tax is paid by July 15, 2022. This extension is automatic; hence no separate extension request or filing is necessary. Taxpayers who wish to file an extension can do so by July 15, 2022 and the extended due date will be October 17, 2022.
Maryland Grants Hurricane Ida Tax Relief Extensions
Peter Franchot, of the Maryland Comptroller of Taxation, has granted relief through tax extensions to all businesses and emergency responders impacted by the remnants of Hurricane Ida. Included in the granted extensions are Sales and Use Tax Returns and Tax due September 20th, 2021, which the due date is extended to October 20th, 2021, Admission and Amusement Tax due September 10th, which the due date is extended to October 10th, 2021, and Alcohol Taxes due in September, which the due date is extended exactly one month from the original due date. All interest and penalties will be waived so long as the returns are filed and paid by the extended due date.
Maryland Updates Guidance on Taxation of Pass-through Entities
Guidance has been issued by the Maryland Comptroller's Office regarding the taxation of pass-through entities. If the income PTE election is made, the amount of the credit for taxes paid by the entity attributable to the member's share of the entity's taxable income must be added back to the income. A pass-through entity's taxable income is defined as "the portion of a pass–through entity's income under the federal Internal Revenue Code, calculated without regard to any deduction for taxes based on net income that are imposed by any state or political subdivision of a state, that is derived from or reasonably attributable to the trade or business of the pass–through entity in this State." A Maryland electing pass-through entity must file a Maryland Form 511 and is not allowed to file a composite return on behalf of any members while a Maryland non-electing pass-through must file a Maryland Form 510 and can file a composite return for qualified non-resident individual members.
Maryland Offers Refund of Disabled Active Duty Service Members and Disabled Veterans Property Tax Exemption
Effective June 1, 2021, and retroactively applicable to all taxable years beginning after June 30, 2018, Maryland will provide a refund of the disabled active duty service members and disabled veterans property tax exemption under certain circumstances. A disabled active duty service member, disabled veteran, or surviving spouse can apply for a refund of Maryland state, county, and municipal corporation property tax paid on the dwelling house while the exemption was available, only if the individual applies for the exemption during the three-year period beginning with the calendar year in which the individual initially became eligible for the exemption. In the taxable years in which the exemption was authorized but not granted, the state, county, or municipal corporation must pay the refund to such individual who receives the exemption for any property tax paid, and interest on the amount of the refund if the individual applied for the refund and the refund is not made within 60 days after the individual applied for the refund. For more information, please visit the Maryland Department of Veterans Affairs website.
Maryland Establishes Whistleblower Reward Program
Effective October 1, 2021, Maryland will institute a Whistleblower Reward Program. Under the program, a whistleblower who voluntarily provides original information to the Maryland Comptroller in a sworn affidavit that, because of the original information, results in a final assessment in a covered enforcement action, or a successful outcome against a taxpayer in a related action, is entitled to receive a monetary award of at least 15%, but not exceeding 30%, of the taxes, penalties, and interest collected through the enforcement action or related action. The covered enforcement action must relate to an enforcement action brought by the comptroller concerning: (1) the state and county income tax liability of a taxpayer whose federal adjusted gross income is at least $250,000, or the state and county tax liability of a business whose annual gross receipts or sales are at least $2 million; and (2) taxes in dispute exceeding $250,000. Also, as a separate matter, the legislation alters the statute of limitations for tax collections by increasing the amount of time from when a tax is due until when it can be collected from 7 to 10 years, and the amount of time from when a tax is assessed until when the assessment can be collected from 7 to 10 years. More information on the program will be posted as it becomes available.
Maryland Expands RISE Zone Tax Credit Program
Effective June 1, 2021, the purpose of Maryland's Regional Institution Strategic Enterprise (RISE) zone program is expanded to incentivize the location of innovative start-up businesses based on technology developed, licensed, or poised for commercialization at or in collaboration with qualified Maryland institutions. Existing income and property tax credits under the program are limited to businesses that locate in a RISE zone before January 1, 2023. The program credits and benefits terminate on January 1, 2028. Additionally, effective July 1, 2021 and applicable to all taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020, the biotechnology investment incentive credit of 75% of the investment in a qualified Maryland biotechnology company is available if the company is located in a RISE zone. The cybersecurity investment incentive credit of 50% of the investment in a qualified Maryland cybersecurity company is available if the company is located in a RISE zone.
Maryland to Offer Vendor Collection Tax Credit for Job Training Organizations
Effective July 1, 2021,Maryland will provide a vendor collection sales and use tax credit for qualified job training organizations who timely file sales and use tax returns. The credit is equal to 100% of the gross amount of sales and use tax that the vendor is to pay to the Maryland Comptroller. For any calendar year, the total amount of credits that a vendor can claim cannot exceed $100,000. A vendor must apply to the Maryland Secretary of Labor for certification. To qualify, the organization must: (1) be located in Maryland; (2) be exempt from taxation underInternal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3); (3) conduct retail sales of donated items; (4) provide job training and employment services to individuals with workplace disadvantages or disabilities; and (5) use a majority of its revenue for job training and job placement programs that assist individuals with growth in employment hours, for individuals with low income, workplace disadvantages, disabilities, or barriers to employment, or for veterans. A vendor who claims this credit cannot claim other vendor credits.
Maryland Authorizes 1-Year Grace Period for Certain Domestic Entities Late in Filing Annual Reports and Eliminates Certain Business Filing Fees
Effective October 1, 2021,Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation (SDAT) will provide an additional year for domestic corporations, limited liability companies (LLCs), limited liability partnerships, limited partnerships, and statutory trusts, to file annual reports with the State before being placed on a list whereby their charter will be forfeited. This 1-year grace period applies only to these specifically stated Maryland (i.e., domestic) legal entities. For specific text of the bill, please see L. 2021, H839 (c. 335).
Further, effective July 1, 2021 and pursuant to L. 2021, H647 (c. 142),Maryland SDAT has repealed required fees for certain business filings. The $100 nonrefundable processing fees for filing articles of dissolution and certificates of cancellation are repealed, and there is no processing fee for documents filed to dissolve, cancel, or terminate an entity (i.e., previously, the fee was $25 for these documents).
Maryland RELIEF Act of 2021 – Sales Tax Relief for Small Businesses
The Maryland RELIEF Act of 2021 provides for a Sales and Use Tax Discount for small businesses in lieu of the standard vendor discount. This discount is available for the filing periods of March, April, and May of 2021. The relief is a credit on the sales and use tax returns in the amount of the lesser of $3,000 or the sales and use tax collected during the filing period and may not exceed $9,000 for the total three-month period.
For monthly filers, the credit for the March, April, and May filing periods will be taken on the respective monthly return normally filed the following month. For quarterly filers, the credit for March can be applied to the return for the quarter ending March 2021. For April and May, the credit can be applied to the return quarter ending June 2021 up to $3,000.
In order to qualify for the RELIEF Credit, the business must:
File the sales and use tax returns;
File the sales and use tax returns timely (Extension for filing has been granted until July 15th);
File the sales and use tax return using the Comptroller's bFile system;
The gross amount of the sales and use tax collected during the monthly or quarterly reporting period must not exceed $6,000;
The standard vendor discount must not be taken; and
The business must not be a marketplace facilitator reporting sales by a marketplace seller.
The RELIEF credit is automatic on the bFile site for eligible taxpayers starting May 17th, 2021. If a return for the periods eligible has already been filed by an eligible business, the return can be amended to take the RELIEF credit. In order to amend the sales and use tax return for the credit, the taxpayer must email [email protected] and must include the following information:
The business name and CR number;
A statement that you wish to claim the RELIEF credit in lieu of the standard vendor discount;
The amount of discount being claimed (ie. The lesser of $3,000 or the sales and use tax due on the return, so long as the sales and use tax due is less than $3,000).
For monthly and quarterly filers, return periods ending March, April, and May 2021 have an extended deadline of July 15th, 2021. You may take advantage of the relief credit and the extended deadline.
Please see the bulletin for more information.
Maryland Issues Guidance on Sales and Use Tax Credit under the RELIEF Act of 2021
The Maryland Comptroller's Office issued guidance for small businesses who may qualify for a Sales and Use Tax Credit under the Maryland Recovery for the Economy, Livelihoods, Industries, Entrepreneurs, and Families (RELIEF) Act of 2021. Eligible vendors can claim an increased tax credit for March, April, and May 2021, usually filed in April, May, and June. The filing deadlines for that period were extended to July 15, 2021.
Vendors must file their sales and use tax return or consolidated return using the Comptroller's bFile system. Note that the gross amount of sales and use tax collected during the monthly reporting period may not exceed $6,000, and the vendor must not take the standard vendor credit to claim the RELIEF Act credit. In addition, the credit cannot apply to sales and use taxes collected by a marketplace facilitator.
Vendors reporting $6,000 or less in gross collected sales tax for the reporting period may elect to take up to $3,000 as a tax credit. If the gross sales tax collected is $3,000 or less, then the vendor may claim the sales tax reported as a credit.However, vendors not eligible for the RELIEF Act credit may still claim the vendor tax credit, even when filing by the extended July 15thdeadline.
Once the bFile system is updated, vendors can claim the RELIEF Act vendor credit by filing their sales and use tax return. Businesses that filed their monthly SUT return for the period ending March 31, 2021, but did not claim the RELIEF Act credit can amend their March return.
If you would like to discuss this credit and how it may apply to your business, please contact a member of the State and Local tax team.
Maryland Updates Guidance on RELIEF Act Regarding Unemployment Benefits Exclusion
The Maryland Comptroller's Office has updated its guidance on the Maryland RELIEF Act, which was enacted as a result of the federal American Rescue Plan Act's unemployment compensation exclusion of up to $10,200 for qualifying individuals. For Maryland purposes, any amount of unemployment compensation in excess of $10,200 that is included at the federal level is eligible for a subtraction modification at the Maryland level, subject to Maryland's income caps for the subtraction. Taxpayers who qualify for the federal exclusion, but do not qualify for the Maryland subtraction, need not add back the amount excluded from federal AGI as the exclusion flows to the Maryland return. Under the Maryland RELIEF Act, the subtraction for unemployment benefits received is only available to taxpayers with a filing status of single, married filing separate, or dependent with a federal AGI that does not exceed $75,000, and filers with married filing joint, head of household, or surviving spouse status with a federal AGI that does not exceed $100,000. For specific details, please see the Maryland Tax Alert on this subject.
Maryland Amends Rules on Research and Development Tax Credit
Effective July 1, 2021, and applicable to all Maryland research and development tax credits certified after February 15, 2021, the 3% basic research and development tax credit is eliminated, but the 10% growth credit continues to be available. For each calendar year, the maximum amount of the credit that can be approved by the Maryland Department of Commerce is increased to $12 million, but $3.5 million of that amount will be reserved for small business applicants. The Department will not be permitted to approve a tax credit for any single applicant in an amount exceeding $250,000. In determining small business eligibility, "net book value assets" means the total of a business's net value of assets, including intangibles but not including liabilities, minus depreciation and amortization. For specific details, please consult the bill enacting such changes (L. 2021, S196 (c. 114)).
Maryland Amends Biotechnology Investment Incentive Tax Credit
Effective June 1, 2021, and applicable to all initial credit certificates issued after June 30, 2021, Maryland's biotechnology investment incentive tax credit permits an initial tax credit for 33% (previously, 50%) of an investment in a qualified Maryland biotechnology company, not to exceed $250,000. However, if the company is located in Allegany, Dorchester, Garrett, or Somerset Counties, the credit is 50% (previously, 75%) of the investment in the company, not to exceed $500,000. A"qualified investor" does not include a founder or current employee of the company if the company has been in active business for more than five years. In addition to existing requirements, a "qualified Maryland biotechnology company" means a biotechnology company that the qualified investors in the company have not received more than $7 million in tax credits in the aggregate.
Maryland Amends Cybersecurity Investment Incentive Tax Credit
Effective June 1, 2021, and applicableto all initial credit certificates issued after June 30, 2021, Maryland's cybersecurity investment incentive tax credit will be known as the "Innovation Investment Incentive Tax Credit" in order to reflect the expansion of the credit to technology companies rather than only cybersecurity companies. Per the amended law, "Technology company" means a company organized for profit that is engaged in the research, development, or commercialization of innovative and proprietary technology. However, a "qualified Maryland technology company" does not include a technology company that is or has been certified as a qualified Maryland biotechnology company. A "qualified investor" does not include a founder or current employee of the company if the company has been in active business for more than five years.
Maryland Pushes Back Effective Date of Digital Advertising Tax
Maryland's legislature passed a bill this week (SB0787/255361/1) that will push the effective date of the tax on gross revenues from digital advertising services to tax years beginning after December 31, 2021 (previously was set to take effect for tax years beginning after December 31, 2020). The first estimated payment for companies subject to such tax would have been due April 15, 2021. Among the amendments to Senate Bill 787, taxpayer subject to the digital advertising tax will be prohibited from directly passing the cost of the tax on to their customers by means of a separate fee, surcharge, or line-item. For specific details of the new tax, please see Senate Bill 787 or reach out to Withum's SALT team with questions.
Maryland Reverses Sales Tax Refund for Taxpayer Providing Cleaning Services to Non-Profit Hospitals
The Maryland Tax Court had previously held a taxpayer was entitled to a refund for sales taxes it paid when, as part of housekeeping supervisory services it provided to three non-profit hospital clients, it purchased cleaning supplies used at each of the hospitals. The taxpayer's original refund request was based on the argument the purchased supplies were resold to the hospitals; while the reseller theory was rejected, but the Tax Court nevertheless granted the refund on the basis that the taxpayer purchased the supplies as an agent for tax-exempt/non-profit hospitals. Reversing and remanding the decision, the Maryland Court of Special Appeals found the taxpayer had no agency relationship with the hospitals due to the fact that, among other things, the contracts between the taxpayer and hospitals were at arm's length, and the taxpayer had no duty to act primarily for the benefit of the hospitals.
Maryland Update on Extension of Filing Deadline
Maryland Comptroller Peter Franchot alerts taxpayers that the state 2020 income tax filing deadline has been extended to July 15, 2021. No interest or penalties will be assessed if returns are filed and taxes owed are paid by the new deadline. The extension applies to individual, pass-through, fiduciary, and corporate income tax returns, including first and second quarter estimated payments. The extension is due to recently enacted and pending state and federal legislation that impact 2020 tax filings and provide economic relief related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The comptroller must make extensive revisions to previously released forms and software programs used by tax filers and tax software vendors. ( News Release, Maryland Comptroller's Office, 03/11/2021 ; Tax Alert: Extension of Time to File and Waiver of Interest and Penalty for Certain Filers, Maryland Comptroller's Office, 03/11/2021 ; News Release, Maryland Comptroller's Office, 03/18/2021 .)
Maryland Extends Multiple Tax Filing Deadlines to July 15 as a Result of COVID-19 Relief Packages
As a result of recent and pending state and federal COVID-19 relief legislation, Maryland State Comptroller Peter Franchot announced extension of the tax filing deadline to July 15, 2021 for individual taxpayers, passthrough entities, fiduciaries, and corporate income tax returns. No interest or penalties will be assessed if returns are filed and taxes owed are paid by the new deadline. The due date of the Tobacco Floor Tax payment (originally due June 13, 2021), as well as any sales and use tax returns that would have been due in March, April and May of 2021, will also now be due on July 15, 2021.
Maryland Now Imposes Sales Tax on Digital Products and SaaS
Beginning March 14, 2021, Maryland imposes a 6% sales/use tax on digital products received or used by purchasers in the state. The Maryland tax authority has issued guidance on the new law explaining that digital products include the following, among other items, when delivered electronically:
Ebooks, newspapers, magazines and other periodicals;
Downloaded ringtones and other audio files;
Photos and greeting cards;
A download or streaming of movies, music videos, news/entertainment programs, and live events, including monthly charges for streaming video/audio;
Online classes and seminars, including continuing education classes;
Canned software; and
Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS").
Unlike Maryland, most states do not characterize SaaS or downloaded software as digital products, so this expansive characterization by the Maryland tax authority could come as a surprise SaaS providers.
The new law will impact many technology companies' Maryland sales tax obligations. We recommend that businesses review their Maryland sales tax nexus and compliance activity under the new law to determine if they are now required to collect and remit sales tax. Please call a member of Withum's State and Local Tax team with any questions.
Governor Hogan Signs PTE Legislation to Maximize the $10,000 SALT Deduction
On November 9, 2020, the IRS (Notice 2020-75) informed it intends to issue proposed regulations supporting the use of Pass-Through Entity (PTE) SALT Workarounds. This taxpayer-friendly development would affirm that a pass-through entity's owners or shareholders would not be limited in the amount deducted for state and local tax. Please review the article below regarding Notice 2020-75.
Learn more in our recent insight here.
Maryland Extends Due Date of Property Tax Return Submissions
The Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation extended the 2020 deadline to submit Annual Reports, and Personal Property Tax Returns to July 15, 2020, as part of the Governor Hogan's response to COVID-19.
Source: https://dat.maryland.gov/newsroom/Pages/2020-03-30-SDAT-COVID-19-Update.aspx
90-Day Extension of Federal Income Tax Payments
The Maryland Comptroller's Office will conform with the Internal Revenue Service's 90-day extension of federal income tax payments from April 15 to July 15, 2020. Individual and Corporate Income taxpayers will be afforded the same relief for state Income Tax payments. No interest or penalty for late payments will be applied if 2019 tax payments are made by July 15, 2020. Taxpayers must file for an extension for the filing of Federal taxes by April 15.
Fiscal year filers with tax years ending January 1, 2020, through March 31, 2020, are also eligible for the July 15, 2020 payment extension. The due date for March quarterly estimated payments are extended to July 15, 2020.
Business-related tax filing deadlines are also extended. The June 1 extension applies to certain business returns with due dates during March, April and May 2020 for businesses filing sales and use, withholding, admissions & amusement, alcohol, tobacco, and motor fuel taxes, as well as tire recycling fee and bay restoration fee returns.
Business taxpayers who file and pay by June 1, 2020 will receive an automatic waiver of interest and penalties. Learn more here.
Extending Business-Related Tax Filing Deadlines
The Maryland Controller has implemented provisions to extend business-related tax filing deadlines. For certain business returns with due dates during March, April and May 2020, taxpayers have been provided an extension through June 1st. The extension applies to those businesses filing sales and use tax, withholding tax, and admissions & amusement tax, as well as alcohol, tobacco and motor fuel excise taxes, tire recycling fee and bay restoration fee returns. Furthermore, business taxpayers who file and pay by the extended due date will be granted a waiver of interest and penalties.
IRS Announcements on Health Plans Amid COVID-19
The Internal Revenue Service advised that high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) can pay for 2019 Novel Coronavirus-related testing and treatment, without jeopardizing their status. This also means that an individual with an HDHP that covers these costs may continue to contribute to a health savings account (HSA).
In Notice 2020-15 (PDF), posted on IRS.gov, the IRS said that health plans that otherwise qualify as HDHPs will not lose that status merely because they cover the cost of testing for or treatment of COVID-19 before plan deductibles have been met. The IRS also noted that, as in the past, any vaccination costs continue to count as preventive care and can be paid for by an HDHP.
This notice applies only to HSA-eligible HDHPs. Employees and other taxpayers in any other type of health plan with specific questions about their own plan and what it covers should contact their plan.
SALT Updates
Florida State Tax Updates
For the latest news and updates on Florida state and local tax.


AJ Allmendinger uring practice for the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Food City 500 at Bristol Motor Speedway on April 16, 2016 in Bristol, Tennessee.
BRISTOL, Tenn. – The numbers tell the story.
AJ Allmendinger finished 22nd in the final NASCAR Sprint Cup Series standings last year. Through the first seven races this season, the driver of the No. 47 JTG/Daugherty Racing Chevrolet is 15th.
Part of the improvement can be attributed to the burgeoning simpatico between Allmendinger and new crew chief Randall Burnett. But much of the credit also goes to an improved qualifying program.
Over 36 races last year, Allmendinger posted an average starting position of 21.6. With his ninth-place qualifying effort on Friday at Bristol Motor Speedway, this year's average improved to 16.9.
Since Daytona, in each of the seven knockout qualifying sessions, Allmendinger has advanced at least to the second round, and on three occasions, including Friday's time trials, he has made it to the final round, ensuring a top-12 starting spot.
At Bristol, that's particularly important, given the speed of the track and how quickly back markers tend to get lapped.
"It's a real big deal around here," Allmendinger agreed. "Especially, if early in the race it can go green for a while – If it does and the leader puts down a lot of lapped cars, it kind of just ruins the rest of your race. Starting up front is a big deal.
Allmendinger was 20th fastest in Saturday's first practice session but improved to 16th during Happy Hour.
Seeking his third straight NASCAR Sprint Cup Series victory, Kyle Busch made a statement during Saturday's first practice at Bristol.
Not only did Busch run the fastest lap in the session (126.370 mph), covering the .533-mile distance in 15.184 seconds. He also posted the best 10-lap average speed, 125.569 mph, indicating he'll likely be a contender for the win in Sunday's Food City 500.
Pole winner Carl Edwards, Busch's Joe Gibbs Racing teammate, was second in 10-lap average at 124.762 mph. Busch was fifth on the speed chart in Happy Hour behind Denny Hamlin, Chase Elliott, Martin Truex Jr. and Edwards.


Thank you to everyone who make the 2019 Show and Sale a great success!!
Something our houseplants appreciate is a nice summer vacation outdoors. Growing houseplants in Colorado can often be a challenge, especially during our lengthy, short day winters. So, when summer is here it is good to get your plants outdoors to bask in brighter light.
Acclimating our plants to the bright, hot, dry conditions of Colorado summer is very important. We sure don't want to scorch any part of our plant. So, when taking your plants outside gradually introduce them to their summer home. Put them in a spot where they get bright light but no direct sunlight. After a couple of weeks, they can be introduced to the early morning and/or the late afternoon sun with filtered sun or bright shade during the hottest part of the day.


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814 is an even composite number composed of three prime numbers multiplied together.
What does the number 814 look like?
This visualization shows the relationship between its 3 prime factors (large circles) and 8 divisors.
814 is an even composite number. It is composed of three distinct prime numbers multiplied together. It has a total of eight divisors.
Prime factorization of 814:
2 × 11 × 37
See below for interesting mathematical facts about the number 814 from the Numbermatics database.
Names Factors Divisors Bases Roots Scales Fun
Names of 814
Cardinal: 814 can be written as Eight hundred fourteen.
Scientific notation
Scientific notation: 8.14 × 102
Factors of 814
Number of distinct prime factors ω(n): 3
Total number of prime factors Ω(n): 3
Sum of prime factors: 50
Divisors of 814
Number of divisors d(n): 8
Complete list of divisors:
1 2 11 22 37 74 407 814
Sum of all divisors σ(n): 1368
Sum of proper divisors (its aliquot sum) s(n): 554
814 is a deficient number, because the sum of its proper divisors (554) is less than itself. Its deficiency is 260
Bases of 814
Binary: 11001011102
Hexadecimal: 0x32E
Base-36: MM
Squares and roots of 814
814 squared (8142) is 662596
814 cubed (8143) is 539353144
The square root of 814 is 28.5306852353
The cube root of 814 is 9.3370166869
Scales and comparisons
How big is 814?
814 seconds is equal to 13 minutes, 34 seconds.
To count from 1 to 814 would take you about six minutes.
This is a very rough estimate, based on a speaking rate of half a second every third order of magnitude. If you speak quickly, you could probably say any randomly-chosen number between one and a thousand in around half a second. Very big numbers obviously take longer to say, so we add half a second for every extra x1000. (We do not count involuntary pauses, bathroom breaks or the necessity of sleep in our calculation!)
A cube with a volume of 814 cubic inches would be around 0.8 feet tall.
Recreational maths with 814
814 backwards is 418
The number of decimal digits it has is: 3
The sum of 814's digits is 13
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The information we have on file for 814 includes mathematical data and numerical statistics calculated using standard algorithms and methods. We are adding more all the time. If there are any features you would like to see, please contact us. Information provided for educational use, intellectual curiosity and fun!
Keywords: Divisors of 814, math, Factors of 814, curriculum, school, college, exams, university, Prime factorization of 814, STEM, science, technology, engineering, physics, economics, calculator, eight hundred fourteen.
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