text:
\section{Introduction}

The performance of the CERN LHC and the rapid collection of data by
both ATLAS and CMS will allow for detailed studies of the properties
of the recently discovered boson~\cite{:2012gk,:2012gu} in the coming
years. The first reported observations of the production cross section
and branching fractions are consistent~\cite{fits} with the
expectation from a Standard Model Higgs boson~\cite{orig} with the
observed mass $m_h\simeq 126~{\text{GeV}}$, but sizeable uncertainties caused
by the limited statistics are still present.

The projected amount of data collected this year will not only reduce
these uncertainties, but may also allow for the study of properties
beyond total rates.

In many extensions of the Standard Model the existence of ${\cal{CP}}$-odd
bosons are predicted. Therefore, studying the ${\cal{CP}}$~properties of the
boson is of great importance to confirm if the mechanism of
electroweak symmetry breaking is minimal or not. A detailed study of
the kinematic distributions in the production of the boson in
association with two jets~\cite{Andersen:2008u,pertcol} will
eventually allow for the direct measurement of the ${\cal{CP}}$~of the
boson~\cite{hjjcoup,hjjcoup2}.

Equally important are direct measurements of the Higgs couplings to
all other particles of the Standard Model. In particular, the
loop-induced $h\gamma \gamma$ vertex is sensitive to new degrees of
freedom, where direct production might be beyond the energy reach of
the LHC. The number of observed signal events depends on the sum of
the production processes and the decay branching ratio:
\begin{equation}
  \sigma(h) \cdot BR(\gamma\gamma)
  \sim (\sum_p g^2_p) \frac{g_{h\gamma\gamma}^2}{\sum_{\text{modes}} g_i^2} \,,
\end{equation}
assuming no interference between the different production channels $p$,
where $g$ denote the involved Higgs couplings. The sum in the
denominator runs over all kinematically accessible final states in the
decay. The precision in measuring any coupling of the Higgs boson
obviously benefits from separating the production mechanisms.

In this respect $pp\to hjj$ is important for two reasons. First we
observe an excess in $h\to \gamma\gamma$ in current analyses,
especially in the $2j$ category \cite{:2012gk}. Furthermore, an analysis of the $h\to
\tau\tau$ channel heavily relies on the $2j$ final state. For $pp\to
(h\to \tau\tau)jj$ we currently observe under-production \cite{:2012gu}. If both
these findings prevail and follow from new physics beyond the SM, a precise
investigation beyond simple ratios, which will also incorporate
modifications of the GF and WBF production modes, will majorly depend
on WBF/GF separation in this channel.

$pp\to (h\to \gamma \gamma)jj+X$ is roughly composed 50:50 by gluon
fusion (GF) and weak boson fusion (WBF), depending on, {\it{e.g.}},
the cut on the invariant dijet mass. In this context, it is important
to note that the quantum interference between the GF and WBF
components of $pp\to hjj+X$ production is completely
negligible~\cite{hjjint}, and hence it is possible to consider these
two contributions separately. Also, the theoretical uncertainty of the
GF contribution is much larger than it is for WBF production
\cite{Campbell:2006xx,Figy:2003nv}, especially within the WBF-selection cuts.

In this letter, we construct a likelihood function which is based on
WBF and GF matrix elements which precisely serves this purpose to
separate the production mechanisms, {\it i.e.}  we apply the
\emph{matrix element method} \cite{mem} to the $pp\to (h\to
\gamma\gamma ) jj $ process on the fully-showered and hadronized final
state. We also generalize the GF~vs.~WBF vs.~background discrimination
in a realistic analysis by including the $pp\to \gamma \gamma +jj+X$
matrix elements. This constitutes the main irreducible backgrounds to
this search~\cite{:2012gk}. Employing this strategy allows to optimize
cut scenarios to enhance signal-over-background $S/B$. Given that the
irreducible $pp\to \gamma\gamma jj$ constitutes $\mathcal{O}(70)$\% of
the total background \cite{:2012je} an additional handle to reduce it
will greatly improve the sensitivity of the experimental analyses.

We organize this work as follows: First we discuss the matrix element
strategy for $pp\to (h\to \gamma\gamma) jj+X$ for the LHC
$\sqrt{s}=14~{\text{TeV}}$ in Sec.~\ref{sec:14tev}. This is the setup, for
which most precision Higgs results can be obtained from a large
luminosity sample ${\cal{L}}\gtrsim 300~{\text{fb}}^{-1}/$experiment. We discuss
the systematic uncertainties of various approximations of the signal
event generation, especially for the GF contribution, and we also
include the impact of finite detector resolution.

Equipped with these insights, we discuss the implications of the
matrix element method for $pp\to (h\to \gamma\gamma)jj+X$ for the
8~TeV run and current results~\cite{:2012gk,:2012gu} in
Sec.~\ref{sec:8tev}. We conclude this work with a summary in
Sec.~\ref{sec:sum}.

\section{Higgs in association with two jets at 14 TeV}
\label{sec:14tev}

\subsection{The Matrix Element Method}
\label{sec:meme}
Let us introduce the observables that we are going to study in the
remainder of this paper. The GF/WBF discriminating likelihood is
defined
\begin{multline}
  \label{eq:signaln}
  {{\tilde{Q}}}_n(p_1^\gamma,p_2^\gamma,\{p^j_n\})\\
  =-\log\left[ \frac{\d {\text{LIPS}}(\gamma\gamma
      j^n) \, |{\cal{M}}^{\text{WBF}}(pp\to (h\to\gamma\gamma)j^n)|^2}
    {\d {\text{LIPS}}(\gamma\gamma
      j^n) \,  |{\cal{M}}^{\text{GF}}(pp\to (h\to\gamma\gamma)j^n)|^2}
  \right]\\ =
  -\log\left[ \frac{ |{\cal{M}}^{\text{WBF}}(pp\to (h\to\gamma\gamma)j^n)|^2}
    { |{\cal{M}}^{\text{GF}}(pp\to (h\to\gamma\gamma)j^n)|^2}
  \right] \,,
\end{multline}
where we denote the (partonic) jet multiplicity by $n$, $\d
{\text{LIPS}}$ is the differential phase space weight for the
particular kinematics (which is identical for all processes we
consider and hence drops out of the ratio), and $|{\cal{M}}|^2$
denotes the respective matrix elements, already include the parton
distribution functions (pdfs). We implement the CTEQ6l1 set
\cite{c6l1} in the ratio of Eq.~\gl{eq:signaln}.

Eq.~\gl{eq:signaln} provides a one-dimensional probability
distribution, which expresses statistical compatibility with either of
the two hypotheses in the best suitable way, by definition. By
including ${\tilde{Q}}_n$ to the event selection, we can optimize
${\tilde{Q}}_n\lessgtr\langle{\tilde{Q}}_n\rangle^{\text{WBF,GF}}$
depending on the purification requirement. The expectation values
$\langle . \rangle$ follow from MC simulations of signal and
background, similar to the construction of simple binned
log-likelihood ratio hypothesis tests~\cite{llhr}.

\begin{figure}[!t]
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_nj.eps}
  \caption{\label{fig:nj14} Exclusive number of jets distribution for
    the LHC running 14 TeV. The selection cuts are described in the
    text.}
  \vspace{0.2cm}
\end{figure}

We apply the effective top
approximation in the following for the GF contribution and the $h\to
\gamma\gamma$ decay via operators \cite{Kniehl:1995tn}
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:efflag}
  {\cal{L}}\supset {\alpha_s \over 12\pi v } G^a_{\mu \nu}G^{a\,\mu\nu}h +
  {\alpha_{em} \over 2\pi v } F_{\mu \nu}F^{\mu\nu}h \left(
    e_t^2-7/4\right)\,.
\end{equation}
New degrees of freedom which alter the GF contribution and/or modify
the Higgs couplings to weak bosons can be included as a global factor
in the ratio of Eq.~\gl{eq:signaln}. A global factor merely shifts the
$\tilde Q$ by a constant factor, which is irrelevant for the
probabilistic discrimination of GF vs.~WBF. The model-specific details
enter the sampling of $\langle{\tilde{Q}}_n\rangle^{\text{WBF,GF}}$
and in the individual normalizations.

\begin{figure*}[!t]
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood.eps}
  \hspace{1.5cm}
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood_resol.eps} \\[0.2cm]
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood3.eps}
  \hspace{1.5cm}
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood3_resol.eps}
  \caption{\label{fig:2jllh} 2-jet and 3-jet likelihoods $\tilde
    Q_{2,3}$ for the cuts as described in the text and
    $\sqrt{s}=14$~TeV. We show the influence of various event
    generation modes, where ``$2j$'' refers to generating $pp\to
    hjj\to \gamma\gamma jj$ events from 2 jet matrix elements+parton
    shower, ``matched'' refers to a matched $2j/3j$ sample, and ``full
    $t,b$'' stands for 2-jet events, including the full one loop mass
    dependence, interfaced to the parton shower. We also show the
    influence of detector and photon resolution
    effects.\vspace{0.3cm}}
\end{figure*}
\begin{figure*}[!t]
    \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_llhr_res.eps}
    \hspace{1.5cm}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_llhr_res2.eps}
    \caption{\label{fig:llhr14} Purification of GF vs.~WBF on the
      basis of the likelihood $\tilde Q_{2,3}$.}
\end{figure*}

The matrix elements that enter Eq.~\gl{eq:signaln} are functions of
parton-level kinematics and we have to define an algorithm which maps
the fully showered and hadronized jet final state to a suitable set of
(massless) kinematics, which also includes information about the
events initial state. We do this in the following way: We first
cluster jets with {\sc{FastJet}} \cite{fastjet} and reconstruct the
isolated photons according to the respective analysis requirements
(see further below). We count the number of jets passing the $p_{T,j}$
threshold in the events. We then re-distribute the transverse recoil
against unresolved radiation. The jets' momenta along the beam axis we
reconstruct from massless calorimeter cell entries at a given
pseudo-rapidity. We scale the energy of the resulting objects such
that $p^2=0$. From the sum of these objects, we get an overall energy
reconstructed boost of the considered particle system, which allows to
define two momentum fractions of initial state momenta. This way,
starting from an exclusive number of reconstructed jets $n_j$ and
photons $n_\gamma$, that comply with the analysis requirements we end
up with a set of parton level four momenta which we use for the
calculation of the ratios $\tilde Q_n$. This procedure is obviously
not limited to MC studies and can be incorporated by experiments
straightforwardly.

To discriminate signal from background we generalize
Eq.~\gl{eq:signaln} to the $S/B$, $S/\sqrt{B}$-improving likelihood
\begin{widetext}
  \begin{equation}
    \label{eq:signalb}
    {{\tilde{Q}}}^b_n(p_1^\gamma,p_2^\gamma,\{p^j_n\})=
    -\log\left[ \frac{\left\{ |{\cal{M}}^{\text{WBF}}(pp\to
          (h\to\gamma\gamma)j^n)|^2 +
          |{\cal{M}}^{\text{GF}}(pp\to (h\to\gamma\gamma)j^n)|^2\right\}}
      {|{\cal{M}}^{2\gamma}(pp\to \gamma\gamma j^n)|^2}  \right]\,.
  \end{equation}
\end{widetext}

For the numerical implementation of Eqs.~\gl{eq:signaln} and
\gl{eq:signalb} we rely on a combination of {\sc{MadGraph}} v4
\cite{madevent} and {\sc{Vbfnlo}} \cite{vbfnlo}.

\begin{figure}[!t]
    \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_mjj.eps}
    \caption{\label{fig:mjj14} $pp\to hjj$ production via gluon fusion
      (including full top and bottom contributions) broken down to the
      partonic channels and comparison of WBF (at NLO QCD) vs.~GF as a
      function of the cut on the invariant dijet mass. Results are
      obtained with {\sc{Vbfnlo}} \cite{vbfnlo}.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Event generation and selection}
We generate two and three jet CKKW-matched \cite{ckkw} and un-matched
samples with {\sc{Sherpa}} \cite{sherpa}, which implements the
effective top approximation in the gluon fusion channels
\cite{Krauss:2001iv}. The events are generated with {\sc{Sherpa}}'s
default CT10~\cite{ct10} pdf set to avoid biasing the analysis of the
likelihood distributions.

It is known that the effective theory does not provide a valid
description of the phenomenology as soon as we are sensitive to
momentum transfers larger than the top mass, {\it e.g.} $p_{T,j}\geq
m_t$. Cross sections, on the other hand, are reproduced at the percent
level, which follows from smaller effective theory cross sections for
$p_{T,h}\lesssim m_t$ cancelling the excess with respect to the full
calculation for $p_{T,h}\gtrsim m_t$. For large momentum transfers
$p_{T,h}\sim 300~{\text{GeV}}$ the deviations become larger than
${\cal{O}}(30\%)$. To fully capture the dynamics in a two-dimensional
likelihood, which extends Eqs.~\gl{eq:signaln},~\gl{eq:signalb} by the
inclusion of the events energy scale would need to incorporate the
full mass dependence and a parametrization of potential new physics.

To test our effective theory approximation (note that we both simulate
and analyze the event within the effective approximation), we also
analyze a GF event sample obtained with {\sc{Vbfnlo}} \cite{vbfnlo},
which includes the full top and bottom contributions. We pass the
parton-level events to \hbox{\sc{Herwig++}}~\cite{Bahr:2008pv} for
showering and hadronization. This allows us to asses the bias of
analyzing the events with effective theory matrix elements.

Finite detector resolution effects give rise to an additional
systematic uncertainty when we want to analyze the discriminating
power of the matrix element method. To assess their impact on
Eq.~\gl{eq:signaln} and \gl{eq:signalb}, we model jet momentum
uncertainties according to Ref.~\cite{atlastdr}:
\begin{equation}
    \label{eq:resolj}
    {\Delta E\over E} = {5.2\over E} \oplus
    {0.16\over
      \sqrt{E}} \oplus 0.033\,.
\end{equation}
For the photons we have performed a comparison of the invariant
diphoton mass against the experimental results of
\cite{:2012gk,:2012gu} and find that a resolution uncertainty
parametrized by 3\% describes the experimental situation in
sufficiently well for our purposes.

Details of the 14 TeV cut set-up are currently unknown; they will
depend on the new pile-up and underlying event conditions as well as
on the potential excess in the $pp\to (h\to \gamma\gamma) jj+X$ signal
cross sections. For the remainder of this section, we therefore adopt
a cut setup which is based on phenomenological analyses (see
{\it{e.g.}}  Refs.~\cite{hjjcoup,Hankele:2006ma,kinem}). In
Sec.~\gl{sec:8tev} we employ the current 8 TeV selection of
ATLAS~\cite{:2012gk}.

We reconstruct $k_T$ jets \cite{soper} with $D=0.8$ and threshold
$p_{T,j}\geq 30~{\text{GeV}}$ in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta_j|<4.5$, and
require $n_j \geq 2$. The exactly two isolated photons are required to
be central in the electromagnetic calorimeter $|\eta_\gamma|<2.5$ with
$p_{T,\gamma}\geq 30~{\text{GeV}}$ (we define a photon to be isolated if the
electromagnetic and hadronic activity in the cone with size $R=0.3$ is
less then $10\%$ of the $E_{T}$ of the photon candidate). The photons
have to reconstruct the Higgs mass $m_h=126~{\text{GeV}}$ within $115~{\text{GeV}}\leq
(p_{\gamma,1}+p_{\gamma,2})^2 \leq 135~{\text{GeV}}$. On top of these generic
cuts we impose a typical WBF selection: The two jets, leading in $p_T$
are required to have a large invariant mass $m_{j_1j_2}\geq 600~{\text{GeV}}$
and have to fall into opposite detector hemispheres $y_{j_1}\times
y_{j_2}\leq 0$.

\begin{figure*}[!t]
 \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood_bkg.eps}
 \hspace{1.5cm}
 \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood_bkg3.eps} \\[0.2cm]
 \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood_bkg_400.eps}
 \hspace{1.5cm}
 \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood_bkg3_400.eps}
 \caption{\label{fig:14bkg} 2-jet and 3-jet likelihoods $\tilde
   Q^b_{2,3}$ for the cuts as described in the text and
   $\sqrt{s}=14$~TeV. Detector resolution effects are included. The
   lower panel gives results for a loosened cut set with $m_{jj}\geq
   400{\text{GeV}}$.}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Performance of $\tilde Q_n$}
\label{sec:perf14}
For these 14 TeV selection criteria we show the normalized
distribution of the exclusive number of jets for 14 TeV in
Fig.~\ref{fig:nj14} (for a detailed analysis of this observable see
Ref.~\cite{higgsscale}). The cross sections are
$\sigma^{\text{GF}}\simeq 0.61~{\text{fb}}$ and $\sigma^{\text{WBF}}\simeq
1.58~{\text{fb}}$. From this we see that we can limit our analysis to $\tilde
Q_n,\tilde Q^b_n$ for $n=2,3$. Higher jet multiplicities contribute at
a level which is challenged by the theoretical uncertainties of the
inclusive $p\to hjj+X$ cross sections
\cite{Campbell:2006xx,Figy:2003nv}. The extension to $n>3$ is
technically straightforward.

We show our results in Fig.~\ref{fig:2jllh}. An immediate first
observation is that neither the definition of the likelihoods nor the
impact of either detector resolution or details of the event
simulation have a significant impact on the discriminating power of
$\tilde{Q}_{n=2,3}$. Keeping in mind that we already look at WBF-like
events and have a reconstructed Higgs boson, a cut on $\tilde Q_2$
will significantly enhance the WBF contribution over GF
production. This is even more the case for $\tilde Q_3$. This can be
understood along the following lines. Additional jet radiation in the
WBF component\footnote{For a detailed discussion of this contribution
  beyond LO see Ref.~\cite{Figy:2007kv}.} is essentially QCD
bremsstrahlung off the leading jets since there is no color exchange
between the quark legs. This is entirely different for the GF
contribution, which tends to populate the large available phase space
in the central region with QCD activity \cite{Dokshitzer:1991he}. Not
only the presence of this radiation~\cite{Cox:2010ug}, but, more
importantly, the information that is encrypted in the differential
energy-momentum flow associated with it \cite{hjjcoup2} provides an
elaborate handle to separate WBF from GF. This is most efficiently
reflected in $\tilde{Q}_{n\geq 3}$, of which only $n=3$ is
statistically relevant\footnote{The event shape observables discussed
  in Ref.~\cite{hjjcoup2} also capture sensitivity from relatively
  soft radiation which, by definition of $\tilde{Q}_n$ as jet based
  observables is not considered.}.

The result of GF/WBF purification is depicted in
Fig.~\ref{fig:llhr14}. Going to large values $|\tilde Q_{2,3}| \gg 1$,
we recover a high level of purification within the limits of the
selection criteria as expected,
$\sigma^{\text{GF}}/\sigma^{\text{WBF}} \lesssim 0.1$,
$\sigma^{\text{GF}}/\sigma^{\text{WBF}} \gtrsim 3$, respectively.
Comparing to Figs.~\ref{fig:2jllh}, this comes at the price of
increasingly small signal cross sections. A more realistic analysis
(that also includes a more realistic description of the detector
environment, pile-up, etc.)  needs to optimize the signal rate with
respect to purification. Applying multiple cuts on $\tilde Q_n$ for an
identically chosen basic cut set-up, on the other hand, can be used to
define distinct signal regions which allow to reconstruct the WBF/GF
content upon correlating the two measurements.

\begin{figure*}[!t]
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood_8.eps}
  \hspace{1.5cm}
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood3_8.eps}\\[0.2cm]
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood_bkg_8.eps}
  \hspace{1.5cm}
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_likelihood3_bkg_8.eps}
  \caption{\label{fig8tev_result} The matrix element observables
    $\tilde{Q}_2,\tilde{Q}_3,\tilde{Q}_2^b,$ and $\tilde{Q}^b_3$ for 8
    TeV, employing the Higgs search' 2-jet category cuts of
    Ref.~\cite{:2012gk}.}
\end{figure*}

This finding needs to be contrasted to the standard paradigm of WBF/GF
separation via a larger $m_{jj}$ cut. In Fig.~\ref{fig:mjj14}, we show
the relative fraction of full one-loop GF vs.~NLO QCD WBF for
$\sqrt{s}=14~{\text{TeV}}$ as a function of the imposed $m_{jj}$ selection. We
see that the emerging quark-induced processes at large $x$ for a stiff
$m_{jj}$ cut saturate the relative fraction at about $15\%$. The
resulting event topology is WBF-like at small total cross
sections. Central jet vetos can further decrease the relative
contribution, but challenges the perturbative description
\cite{pertcol}.

\bigskip

We now turn to signal vs.~background discrimination. In
Fig.~\ref{fig:14bkg} we show the distributions for $\tilde Q_{2,3}^b$
for our $\sqrt{s}=14~{\text{TeV}}$ selection. Obviously, by cutting on $\tilde
Q_{2,3}^b$, we can purify the signal+background sample without loosing
too much of the signal count. This way the signal compared to the
irreducible background can be increased by $>100\%$. It is worth
noting that this will affect the GF and WBF contribution almost
identically (this is the reason why we choose to plot WBF and GF as
separate samples in Fig.~\ref{fig:14bkg}).

In order to gain a better handle on the GF distributions we can relax
the $m_{jj}$ cut such that the event is not forced into a WBF-type
topology. In Fig.~\ref{fig:mjj14}, we also show distributions for
$m_{jj}\geq 400{\text{GeV}}$. As expected, the difference in the WBF/GF
samples is now more pronounced in $\tilde Q^b_n$. The irreducible
$\gamma\gamma$ background grows by approximately a factor of two while
the gluon fusion and weak boson fusion cross sections are $0.95~{\text{fb}}$
and $2.1~{\text{fb}}$. This is an increase by factors $1.6$ and $1.3$
respectively, compared to the $m_{jj}\geq 600~{\text{GeV}}$ selection. We find
similar WBF/GF separation properties as in Fig.~\ref{fig:llhr14}. Note
that the irreducible background grows disproportionally, and a signal
vs.~background enhancement will vitally depend on a good $S/B$
discriminator, which is exactly provided by $\tilde Q_n^b$.

\begin{figure}[!t]
    \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{./plot_nj_8.eps}
    \caption{\label{fig:nj8} Exclusive number of jets distribution for
    LHC 8 TeV.}
\end{figure}

\section{Application to Higgs in association with two jets at 8 TeV}
\label{sec:8tev}

We can straightforwardly adopt the strategy of Sec.~\ref{sec:meme} to
the current 8 TeV setup. The ATLAS selection for the two jet category
of the $h\to \gamma \gamma$ search is as follows \cite{:2012gk}: We
cluster anti-$k_T$ jets \cite{antikt} with {\sc{FastJet}}
\cite{fastjet} for $D=0.4$ and select at least two jets with
$p_{T,j}\geq 25~{\text{GeV}}$ and $p_{T,j}\geq 30$ in the more forward region
$2.5\leq |\eta_j|\leq 4.5$. The hardest jets are required to have a
rapidity gap $|\Delta \eta_{jj}|\geq 2.8$ and the dijet system has to
recoil against the diphoton system in the transverse plane
$\Delta\phi(jj,\gamma\gamma)\geq 2.6$. Again as in
Sec.~\ref{sec:14tev} we require a Higgs mass reconstruction within 20
GeV interval centered around $m_h=126~{\text{GeV}}$.

The exclusive number of jets for this selection is again shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:nj8}; and we find agreement of our analysis with the
experiment's quoted number of 3 expected events in
$4.7~{\text{fb}}^{-1}$. Obviously, there is again no need to go beyond $n=3$.

\bigskip

Finally we again analyze the potential $S/B$ improvement (where $B$
refers to the irreducible background for our purposes), which is the
key limiting factor when dealing with the small event rates for the 8
TeV run. Fig.~\ref{fig8tev_result} shows a similar behavior as
Fig.~\ref{fig:14bkg}, we infer that we can at least gain a factor of
$100\%$ in $S/B$ without cutting into the signal count in the
currently applied selection. All remarks of the 14 TeV results
generalize to the lower energy of 8 TeV, and again the GF and WBF
signals rates are affected identically by selecting events according
to ${\tilde Q}^b_{2,3}$.

\section{Summary and Conclusions}
\label{sec:sum}
In this paper, we have applied the matrix element method to
$pp\to(h\to \gamma \gamma)jj$ production and investigated the
prospects to separate the GF and WBF contributions. This is of utmost
importance for ${\cal{CP}}$~analyses of the newly discovered particle, as well
as for the measurement of its couplings to known matter. The same
method can be applied to other decay modes of the Higgs boson, {\it
  e.g.} $h \to \tau \tau$.

We find that the matrix element method provides an excellent
discriminator, which is stable against finite detector resolution
effects and event generation systematics. We have extended WBF/GF
separation to signal vs.~(irreducible) background discrimination an
find promising results. WBF/GF separation and enhanced signal
vs.~background discrimination can be achieved simultaneously. Our
results are directly relevant for the current 2-jet category of $h\to
\gamma\gamma$ analysis, improving the sensitivity to the signal over
the irreducible $\gamma \gamma $ background by $\gtrsim 100\%$, thus
leading to a potential sensitivity increase by 35\% when reducible
backgrounds are considered unaltered.

Already in the presently available data sets using ${{\tilde{Q}}}^b_n$
the event selection cuts can be relaxed to boost the signal event
count, and thus significance, without affecting $S/B$.

Selection strategies which are based on $\tilde Q_n^{(n)}$ in a
experimentally realistic analysis will allow to measure Higgs
properties to better precision than currently foreseen. The
implementation of the method will become publicly available to the
experiments.

\medskip

{\it Acknowledgements:} We thank Frank Krauss for helpful and
entertaining conversations. CE acknowledges funding by the Durham
International Junior Research Fellowship scheme.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Other sources assured the web Page Six, From the newspaper The New York Post, that the surgical intervention will require the implantation of a "stent", a metallic element that resolves the abrupt obstruction in the coronary arteries.
"You can go back to work in a matter of weeks," a source told the publication. In the statement, the band explained that the doctors of Jagger, 75, told him that he should be treated and could not go on tour "at this time," although they expect him to "recover fully" from his ailment.
The band apologized for the inconvenience and assured that those who have bought tickets will be able to use them when the new concert calendar is announced "soon". For his part, Jagger lamented on Twitter his indisposition and told his followers: "I hate to disappoint you in this way." "I am devastated to have to postpone the tour, but I will do my best to return to the stage as soon as possible, once again, huge apologies for everyone," he wrote.
After the end of last year, the European part of the "No Filter" tour, which began on September 9, 2017, the Rolling Stones set out to carry out the second phase between April and June with 17 concerts planned in the USA. and Canada.
Previous "In the album I express feelings such as companionship, love or lack of love"


Brad Thorn enjoys a lighter moment at training.
BRAD Thorn stories never get old and the current generation of Reds players are revelling in the opportunity to tap into their famous coach's wealth of experience and knowledge.
That applies to even the old hands at Ballymore such as in form lock Kane Douglas, set to play his 100th Super Rugby game against the Sunwolves in Tokyo on Saturday.
Douglas this week reflected on that achievement and shed a little light on Thorn, the 43-year-old former rugby and league champion who has impressed in his first season of Super Rugby head coaching.
"He's done everything but he's very confident and proud of all his achievements too," said Douglas, the 28-year-old who will join Bordeaux at the end of the season.
Reds lock Kane Douglas will bring up his 100th game this weekend.
"I suppose some people might take him the wrong way and feel like he's skiting about what he's done but everyone listens to him, he has done everything, he's won every trophy.
"And he goes 'my body would be bloody full if I got all my tattoos'!"
The Reds sit third on the Australian conference standings with a 4-5 record, already matching last season's win total under Nick Stiles (4-11).
Coach Brad Thorn in action during a training session with the Reds.
Douglas said he had already learnt plenty from the 2011 World Cup winning All Black, who played competitive rugby as recently as 2016 with Queensland Country.
"He's only fresh out of the game, he's got that New Zealand approach of just working on your skills over and over again.
"We didn't do much boring running in the preseason, it was all games and even when we did forwards stuff, we'd go from lineouts to kickoff stuff and he'd even be in the middle of the field doing crossfield kicks to the props.
"There'd be second rowers practising high ball catching and stuff that we didn't normally do in the past, just skills.
"And everyone stops and listens to him because he has had an awesome career and you want to know from his experience, you want to learn.
"So he's great to have around."


Details: We will paddle from Yorkville, IL (below the Marge Cline White Water Park) to Millbrook, IL. (Shuh Shuh Gah Canoe Launch), approximately 7 mile paddle. [or to Millington, IL (Lois Landing), aproximately 11 mile paddle. PFD's must be worn at all times while on the water. Bring a snack/lunch, we will stop at Silver Springs State Park.
Car Shift at 9:00am from Yorkville, IL.
Contact leader for more details and/or directions.


In Team Teaching Science, Ed Linz, Mary Jane Heater, and Lori A. Howard demonstrate the truth in the old adage "Two heads are better than one." This guide for developing successful team-teaching partnerships that maximize student learning will help preservice and inservice special education and science teachers in grades K–12, as well as methods professors in science education programs who want to cover special needs issues in their curriculum. Using both research-based practices and personal insight from experienced team teachers, the authors strive to make team teaching beneficial for students and accessible for teachers. Linz, Heater, and Howard provide background information on science teaching and team teaching and, most important, six chapters on how to teach specific science topics and how a co-teaching team can proceed through the school year.
The basic elements of collaboration are introduced, along with chapters on co-teaching strategies to implement in elementary, middle, and high school classrooms. The authors, who have years of co-teaching experience, offer practical advice that teachers can apply to their own classrooms. Teaching a diverse group of students is one challenge teachers will likely encounter in a team-teaching environment; the authors address the difficulties that may arise, as well as issues related to assessment, curriculum, and necessary accommodations and modifications. For those tackling the challenges of team teaching, this book will prove to be a valuable resource for making team teaching a positive experience for both students and teachers.
"This book is a superb resource for new and developing teachers. Team Teaching Science provides much needed assistance due to its well-structured, practical approach and invaluable checklists."


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Local NewsCrime
We miss you: Chris Msando's family commemorates 3 years since ex-IEBC official was killed
- Chris Msando's family commemorated the third anniversary since the former IEBC official was brutally murdered
- In the heart-warming tribute, the family said it remembered his generosity, smile, wisdom and loving nature
- It asked friends and well-wishers to join them in saying a prayer for the departed soul since they could not gather for a memorial service due to the COVID-19 pandemic
- Msando's body was found on Saturday, July 28, in a thicket in Kikuyu just two weeks to the hotly contested 2017 General Election
- An autopsy report revealed he was tortured before being strangled
A day like today, three years ago, the body of former Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) ICT manager Chris Msando was found in Kikuyu, about 19 kilometres from Nairobi.
Msando's death which occurred less than two weeks to the hotly contested August 8, 2017, General Election shocked and bewildered the nation in equal measure.
READ ALSO: Ezekiel Mutua defends Uhuru for quoting non-existent Bible verse: "What if God spoke to him"
Chris Msando was murdered two weeks to the 2017 General Elections. Photo: IEBC.
READ ALSO: My hubby remarried while I nursed wounds in hospital after accident that killed 21- Embu woman narrates
It is three years since that fateful day and though his demise faded from the public eye, an emotional tribute to the deceased on Tuesday, July 28, revealed his death was still very fresh for his family and friends who were still struggling to comprehend it.
In the tribute to commemorate his passing, Msando's family said it still remembered his generosity, smile, wisdom and loving nature.
READ ALSO: Winner of KSh 10 million Mozzart Daily Jackpot wears emoji to hide face
"As for your family, the memory of you will never grow old. Your life to us was a blessing. You were loved beyond measure. We miss you Chris," the statement from the family read.
The family also asked friends and well-wishers to say a prayer for the departed soul because the COVID-19 pandemic could not allow them to gather for a memorial service.
READ ALSO: Laikipia: Woman slips into Thomson's Falls during photo session, drowns
Msando was tortured before he was killed. Photo: Africa News.
According to police, Msando's lifeless body was discovered in a thicket in Kikuyu off Nairobi-Nakuru highway.
The thicket where the body was discovered lies about two kilometres from the main road, a place known as Nguriunditu.
READ ALSO: Maureen Waititu says she is ready to date again: "I just want to be happy"
The ex-IEBC official had several injuries on his body including a broken forearm.
His car was later discovered in Roysambu.
READ ALSO: Bondo police boss dies after developing fever, breathing difficulties
The IT guru was the key to electronic vote transmission in the 2017 General Election.
A 21-year-old woman's body was also found alongside Msando's.
She was identified as Carol Ngumbu from Gachie, Kiambu who had just finished her studies at KMTC and was to graduate in December 2017.
I did not sacrifice Ayeiya, family wants 21 million as compensation - Wakimani of Churchill Show. On TUKO TV.
Presidential Election 2017 In Kenya
SME in Kenya Cleo cole elliott
Bondo police boss dies after travelling from Nairobi, developing breathing difficulties

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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to see a schedule of all the events of Monterey Auto Week, and see our Concours d'Elegance category for posts on and photos of the individual events. If you've got kids, this weekend's 16th annual KidFest at the Monterey County Fairgrounds will give you and your children an entire weekend of fun - and it's free! The event includes live dance, rock, gymnastic and karate performances by kids, demonstrations by the Seaside Fire Department, live music by kid bands Malloway, Skeletal Puppies and Operation Rock, GT BMX Airshow demonstrations, games on Carnival Row, bounce houses, free face painting, food, arts and crafts, clowns, and way more. 10am-5pm Saturday and Sunday, Monterey County Fairgrounds Gate 5, 2004 Fairgrounds Rd., Monterey. Free. Not a car or a kid person? There's still plenty to do around Monterey County. Friday Comic improv greats Mo Collins (former MADtv cast member) and David Razowsky (former artistic director of Second City) create unscripted comic theater at the Henry Miller Library tonight while the Warren Zevon-esque folk singer Al Rose brings irreverent, thought-provoking music. 7:30pm, Henry Miller Library, Highway One, Big Sur. Tickets are $15 if purchased online and $20 at the door. San Francisco folk artist Sean Smith is well known both for his solo work and his tracks with the trio The Present Moment. Put him alongside deeply emotional Portland modern folk band John Heart Jackie and Fullerton should-be-signed-but-aren't-yet heartfelt indie artists The Steelwells, and you've got yourself one heck of a bill at Jose's tonight. Local low-fi rockers f***, i'm a ghost open. 9pm, Jose's, 638 Wave Street, Monterey. $5. Saturday Award-winning children's book A Day in the Salt Marsh now has an exquisitely illustrated sequel, titled A Day on the Mountain. Today, meet illustrator Erin Hunter as she talks about the book at the Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History. 2pm-3pm, Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History, 165 Forest Ave., Pacific Grove. Free. French jazz vocalist Laurent Forgo sings the kind of smooth jazz that sets the perfect tone for a romantic evening. Mix that with the great setting (the lobby at the Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa) and you've got the perfect start for date night. 5pm, Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa, 400 Cannery Row, Monterey. Free. The Monterey Bay Aquarium fills with the sweet sounds of jazz keyboardist Bill Spencer tonight during Evenings by the Bay. (Don't miss the cleverly-named "SwinginwithDaFishes," the Twitter feed for this weekend event.) Enjoy wine, beer and light appetizers as you peruse the galleries. 6pm-8pm, Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey. Included with admission. Monterey County's favorite latin R&B band, the Chicano All Stars, plays "Music in the Mall" at the Del Monte Center. 6pm-8pm, Del Monte Center, Highway One and Munras Avenue, Monterey. Free. Los Angeles psychedelic indie band Dunes play Jose's Lounge Underground tonight with Nevada City experimental folk act Lasher Keen (imagine Nick Cave and a pagan priestess making ritual music, backed by an acoustic Einsterzende Neubauten...no, really, we mean it) and CSUMB favorites Candyflip. 9pm, Jose's, 638 Wave Street, Monterey. $5. Santa Cruz psychedelic indie faves Harry and the Hitmen have spawned a new side project, the jazzy Afro-beat Sun Hop Fat, that includes several additional musicians. Tonight, they play a special show at Fernwood, in which one band will feature in each set but include guest musicians from the other band. Should be a blast. 9pm, Fernwood Resort, Highway One in Big Sur. $10. Local acoustic group Jon Rubin Group are an unusual combo; Deanna Lynn's viola is heart wrenching when played side by side with guitar and bass. Catch the sound that's created a buzz on KPIG tonight at London Bridge Pub. 9:30pm, London Bridge Pub, Wharf #2, Monterey. No cover. Sunday Seaside's Sunday Blues series wraps up with the "Summer of Love Music Festival," featuring the Motown stylings of Ryze and Beatles tribute band the Sun Kings. Noon, Laguna Grande Park, Seaside. Free. Jazz flutist Kenny Stahl and Tropical Jazz liven up the patio this afternoon at the Big Sur River Inn. 1-5pm, Big Sur River Inn, Highway One in Big Sur. No cover. Boston's The Pixies were the leaders of the alternative scene in the late 1980s, and lead singer Frank Black made an alt-rock name for himself in the 90s as solo artist Black Francis. Today, catch him at an afternoon acoustic show at the Henry Miller Library, which we're sure will be quieter but no less intense than his '90s shows. 2:30pm, Henry Miller Library, Highway One in Big Sur. Tickets are $25 plus fees and can be purchased online. Amazing jazz trumpeter Dave Hoffman plays tonight at the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Evenings by the Bay. 6pm-8pm, Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey. Included with admission.
Author: Nicole Gustas


These fantastic faience lamps are a brilliant example of master French ceramicist Theodore Deck's innovative work, inspired by the beauty of the East.
French potter Theodore Deck (1823-1891) is widely regarded as one of the most innovative ceramicists of the late 19th Century. Working primarily in the Orientalist style - an extremely fashionable artistic genre at the time - his work drew on innovative decorative techniques borrowed from Persian, Chinese, and Japanese ceramics.
Eastern artworks from these countries had started to enter the Western market in the 19th Century, and they were widely revered for their distinctive decoration and brilliant colours. These lamps are the result of Theodore Deck's long fascination with Persian ceramics, a fascination which led him to develop a technique for a distinctive, rich, turquoise glaze known as 'bleu de Deck' or 'Persian blue'.
This colour in traditional Persian pottery was supposed to represent the semi-precious mineral lapis lazuli, which is most commonly found in Persia (modern-day Iran) and Afghanistan. This pair of lamps utilise this brilliant hue to magnificent effect, with further Islamic-style geometric and foliate decorations around their faience bodies.
As in traditional Persian design, the lamps are bottle-shaped, with wide bases leading to long, slender necks. They are mounted onto pierced ormolu bases, with ormolu lamp fittings above and lampshade surmounts. Each lamp bears the impressed mark for Deck, reading 'THD'.


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Summer Night är ett musikalbum från 2001 med jazzpianisten Elise Einarsdotter och sångerskan Lena Willemark.

Låtlista
Summer Night (Harry Warren/Al Dubin) – 4:06
Waking Love (Elise Einarsdotter/Ono No Komachi) – 6:29
I Know a Lovely Rose (trad) – 3:33
In the Air (Olle Steinholtz) – 2:23
If Only I had Known I was Dreaming (Elise Einarsdotter/Ono No Komachi) – 5:02
In and Out (Elise Einarsdotter) – 3:43
Blame it on My Youth (Oscar Levant/Edward Heyman) – 4:57
It Never Entered My Mind (Richard Rodgers/Lorenz Hart) – 5:39
I Remember Clifford (Benny Golson) – 5:20
Malariazz (Olle Steinholtz) – 2:18
On Earth (Elise Einarsdotter/Forugh Farrokhzad) – 5:34
Tones for Joan's Bones (Chick Corea) – 3:38
Someday My Prince Will Come (Frank Churchill/Larry Morey) – 6:06
Solar (Miles Davis) – 2:04
Skylark (Hoagy Carmichael/Johnny Mercer) – 5:28
To My Friend (Vanja Steinholtz) – 3:15

Medverkande
Lena Willemark – sång
Elise Einarsdotter – piano
Olle Steinholtz – bas

Källor

Musikalbum 2001
Album av Elise Einarsdotter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Live The Celebrity Lifestyle
Jamelia discusses her childhood and the importance of breakfast clubs
by Katie Russell
She may be best-known as a pop icon and former Loose Women panellist, but Jamelia Davis has now teamed up with Kellogg's to celebrate the country's best breakfast clubs. She opens up about sending the kids back to school, juggling work with raising a family and why breakfast clubs were a staple of her childhood.
How are you feeling about the kids going back to school?
'I always find back to school a little bittersweet if I'm being honest. As much as I feel like a get a sense of the return to normality (and a clean and tidy home), I do miss all the quality time we spend together. But knowing that my children love school makes it a lot less hard to bear.'
How do you juggle having a career with raising a family?
'I'm not superwoman, I am literally the same as every other parent. You always find a way to get things done. It's hard at times, but I'm very fortunate that my job allows me the flexibility to pick and choose when I work. Also organisation is a must, so I do everything in my power to not miss special occasions – and so far I've never missed a birthday or a school play. It is important your children have you there to share those moments with them, and I wouldn't want to miss out!'
What would be your advice to parents who are juggling work with family life?
'You can do it. Children are not anchors, setbacks or disturbances, and as long as we don't treat them as such, anything is possible. And it's great to show our families we can juggle, prioritise and work hard.'
Are you working on any projects at the moment?
'I'm doing far too much at the moment, but I do love being busy! I'm creating for my Youtube channel, which I love doing, I'm writing two books, working on a couple of business ventures with my daughters and I'm also in the process of creating a haircare range with my husband, among a million other things!'
Very impressive! You have also teamed up with Kellogg's to launch their Breaskfast Club Awards. Did you ever attend a breakfast club?
'Growing up, breakfast club was a key part of our family life and was a great driver in growing my confidence as a child. Everyone loves to be part of a club. My mother was a single, working parent, so breakfast club provided support and enabled her to go back to work, while ensuring I had the best start to the day.'
Do your children attend a breakfast club?
'Breakfast clubs are invaluable and I have used them for my girls. I actively promote breakfast and why it's the most important meal of the day. It sets you up emotionally and physically. I can't function without a decent breakfast and it's a healthy habit that I want to ensure I pass onto my girls.'
Why did you want to launch the Kellogg's Breakfast Club Awards?
'It is fantastic to be launching the Kellogg's Breakfast club awards, an event dedicated to celebrating the wonderful, and inspiring, work that goes on in breakfast clubs up and down the country. This year marks 20 years of Kellogg's supporting breakfast clubs, so the awards is going to be extra special. I urge school breakfast clubs to get their entries in now – we can't wait to hear all about your amazing clubs!'
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Have questions? Get answers from CBE or IrelandYP.com users. Visitors haven't asked any questions yet.
Leading Point of Sale supplier to the Retail, Forecourt and Hospitality sectors in Ireland. Contact us for Custom Solutions to suit your needs.


Remove the employer middle-man from the health insurance market.
While everyone parses the Hobby Lobby decision for effects on religious freedom and women and whose rights trump whose, a solution goes unnoticed. The question presented to the court stems from the fact that someone besides the insured pays for insurance. Remove the employer middleman from the health insurance market and the conflict between party A's religious beliefs and party B's contraception disappears.
Before we get to the solution, we should start by understanding what the Hobby Lobby decision actually says. (There is a huge amount of truly astonishing misrepresentation floating around the fever swamps of the Left.). In plain English, here is what happened.
Obamacare mandated that certain employers, including those in Hobby Lobby's position, provide to their employees healthcare insurance. By regulation (not an act of Congress), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services required that insurance pay for a broad range of treatments, drugs, and procedures, among which were 20 contraceptives, four of which also have the effect of acting as abortifacients.
There are many other ways to ensure the provision of contraceptives besides mandating that employers provide them.
It was uncontested that the family members who own Hobby Lobby have a religious objection to abortion or facilitating or promoting abortion. The Free Exercise clause of the First Amendment and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) prevent the government from burdening a person's religious beliefs unless there is a compelling state interest and no less burdensome way to achieve the government's goal. There are many other ways to ensure the provision of contraceptives besides mandating that employers provide them, and indeed some of these methods were already in use. Because it was not necessary to override Hobby Lobby's religious objections in order to provide contraceptives to its employees, the Supreme Court found the relevant provision of Obamacare to violate the RFRA at least when applied to closely-held companies such as Hobby Lobby. The Court did not "ban" contraceptives or anything like that.
One further preliminary observation: the drafters of Obamacare regulation on contraceptives knew of the other methods of providing this coverage, knew what the RFRA and Free Exercise standards were, and knew that the approach adopted would burden companies with religious objections. The most logical conclusion to draw from this? The administration wanted to establish the government's right to override religious objections. It was a test case. Their base wanted this fight.
By statute, the analysis before the court asked whether the government action at issue, the contraception mandate, imposes a "significant burden" on religious exercise. If it does, then the government must show that it is pursuing a "compelling interest" and uses the "least restrictive means" to achieve that interest. The government did not meet the "least restrictive means" portion of the analysis.
The administration wanted to establish the government's right to override religious objections. It was a test case.
The court used the RFRA standard, but the plaintiffs had also argued under the Free Exercise Clause, which requires a similar analysis: "strict scrutiny" requires the government must show that the law at issue is necessary to achieve a compelling state interest, and if so, that the legislation is narrowly tailored to achieve the intended result. In U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence, "necessary" has many meanings not always consistent with standard English usage, but in these instances "necessary" means that Congress doesn't have other potential solutions that don't impinge on a Constitutional right.
Under any analysis, therefore, to burden a Constitutional right the law basically needs to be Congress's only option. It wasn't. The Court mentioned two potential options: the government could pay for the four disputed contraceptives itself or it could extend the regulatory exemptions that it has granted churches and religious institutions, but there is another, so plain and obvious that we rarely notice it. Congress could disentangle health insurance from employment. The burdens on religious freedom disappear if the insured procure their own policies.
That is, under our current healthcare structure, the government will never be able to show least restrictive means in these cases. Separating health insurance from employment presents a presumptive solution.
Americans are so used to our system we hardly notice the oddity of having employers pay for employee health coverage. But it is odd. Having government as a third-party payer for healthcare at least makes theoretical sense as public welfare even while it is inefficient and expensive. But what theory supports employment-based healthcare? It isn't a theory. It is a tax dodge.
To burden a Constitutional right the law basically needs to be Congress's only option. It wasn't.
The U.S. government tied health insurance to employment during the New Deal. Under the 1942 Stabilization Act, Congress set salary caps—limits on what employers could pay employees. They permitted employers, however, to offer other benefits as a recruitment tool. This was about the same time that health advances made health insurance desirable. (Prior to World War II, healthcare tended to be routine or palliative.) Faced with salary caps, employers started offering health coverage to employees as additional compensation.
In a few short years, those benefits became an essential part of compensation. In 1945, the War Labor Board ruled that employers could not modify or cancel group insurance plans during the contract period. Soon, employment-based health insurance became a way to avoid taxable income. Under the 1954 Internal Revenue Code, employer contributions to employee health plans were exempt from employee taxable income.
In short, when Congress prevented employers from paying employees what they would have earned in a free exchange —a rather ironic position for progressives to take—then advances in medicine converged with tax-avoidance manipulations—another ironic position for progressives—to create the United States's employer-provided health insurance market. It is a bad habit encouraged by the tax code.
Employer-based healthcare isn't a theory. It is a tax dodge.
This third-party payer scheme creates problems, such as the current issue, the tension between belief and healthcare presented in Hobby Lobby. It is a magnet for burdens on Constitutional rights. According to footnote 37, the government even argued that the Court should allow the burden on freedom of religion because it benefited a third party. The court wisely found this ridiculous.
But it could not reasonably be maintained that any burden on religious exercise, no matter how onerous and no matter how readily the government interest could be achieved through alternative means, is permissible under RFRA so long as the relevant legal obligation requires the religious adherent to confer a benefit on third parties. Otherwise, for example, the Government could decide that all supermarkets must sell alcohol for the convenience of customers (and thereby exclude Muslims with religious objections from owning supermarkets), or it could decide that all restaurants must remain open on Saturdays to give employees an opportunity to earn tips (and thereby exclude Jews with religious objections from owning restaurants). By framing any Government regulation as benefiting a third party, the Government could turn all regulations into entitlements to which nobody could object on religious grounds, rendering RFRA meaningless.
Without compelling individuals to buy insurance and tying health insurance to employment, Congress would have no leverage over the insurance market to make Obamacare work.
If we separate health insurance coverage from employment–eliminate the tax incentive and employers will start bumping up salaries in lieu of health coverage–then we would no longer need to worry whether contraceptive coverage violates another's morality because the other wouldn't write the coverage check. Insurance companies could easily tailor policies for a wide variety of insurance needs, from the young, healthy, and typical to families to singles to those who want plastic surgery. Congress would have many non-burdensome options for insurance regulation at its disposal.
For the record, I understand this undermines the Affordable Care Act. Without the individual mandate compelling individuals to buy insurance and without the tie of health insurance to employment, Congress would have no leverage over the insurance market to make Obamacare work. We would have to have a straight debate about healthcare: single payer or free market. I'd prefer that. The United States's third-party payer system interferes with clarity, honesty, and pricing. We will never figure out the best healthcare regulation options while we are engaged in legal wrangling over third-party problems, patchwork solutions, and poses.


The steps to form a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation in New Hampshire.
Most nonprofits are 501(c)(3) organizations, which means they are formed for religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes and are eligible for federal and state tax exemptions. To create a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, first you need to form a New Hampshire nonprofit corporation. Then you apply for tax-exempt status from the IRS and the state of New Hampshire. Here are the details.
First, you must form a nonprofit corporation under state law.
In New Hampshire, your nonprofit corporation (which does not include religious nonprofits) must have at least five incorporators (of lawful age). In addition, your board of directors must have at least five voting members who are not from the same immediate family or related by blood or marriage.
The name of your nonprofit corporation must be distinguishable from, and not the same as or likely to be confused with, the name of any other business entity on file with the New Hampshire Secretary of State. See the New Hampshire Name Availability Guidelines for more information on name restrictions. To see if your proposed name is available, you can search New Hampshire's name database on the Secretary of State's website.
the amount of capital stock, if any.
See Section 292:2 of New Hampshire's Voluntary Corporations and Associations Act for more on the requirements for your nonprofit articles of agreement.
Follow the instructions on the Secretary of State's website for completing and filing your nonprofit articles of agreement. Be sure to include the additional language required by the IRS for 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status.
You'll need to prepare bylaws that comply with New Hampshire law and contain the rules and procedures your corporation will follow for holding meetings, electing officers and directors, and taking care of other corporate formalities required in New Hampshire. Your bylaws do not need to be filed with the New Hampshire Secretary of State -- they are your internal operating manual. In New Hampshire, the initial bylaws of a nonprofit corporation must be adopted by a 2/3 majority vote of the signers of the articles of agreement.
For more information, see Nolo's article Nonprofit Formation Documents: Articles of agreement, Bylaws, and Organizational Minutes. For help creating your bylaws, see Nolo's book How to Form a Nonprofit Corporation, by Anthony Mancuso (Nolo).
You should set up a corporate records binder for your nonprofit to hold important documents such as articles of agreement, bylaws, and minutes of meetings. For more information, as well as minutes forms, consent forms, and other resolutions, see Nonprofit Meetings, Minutes & Records, by Anthony Mancuso (Nolo).
Now that you have created your nonprofit corporation, you can obtain your federal and New Hampshire state tax exemptions. Here are the steps you must take to obtain your tax-exempt status.
Once you have your federal tax exemption, check with the New Hampshire Department of Revenue to find out about your state tax exemptions. Depending on how much income you earn, you may have filing requirements with the Department of Revenue.
All New Hampshire nonprofits that obtain 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status from the IRS must register with the New Hamshire Attorney General, Charitable Trusts Unit. Check the New Hampshire Attorney General's website for nonprofit registration rules and requirements before you engage in any fundraising activities.


What's the I-300 Denver Green Roof Initiative?
The Denver Green Roof Initiative has Officially Made the November Ballot.
The Denver Green Roof Initiative is a grassroots campaign comprised solely of volunteers. This initiative would create a new building code requiring large buildings (over 25,000 square feet) across Denver to dedicate a portion of their roof to solar or vegetation.
Will the entire roof require solar or vegetation?
NO. It does not affect the entire roof space, only a portion. Here's a breakdown from the Denver Green Roof Initiative official website.
NO. This bill will NOT raise taxes. It would put the cost on the builders and building owners.
NO. The bill only affects residential building over 4 stories. This will NOT raise rent. A building property value will increase with these additions and they make the building more energy efficient leading lower energy consumption, not just for the building itself. . but also across the city!
What regulations are in place to ensure Safety and Efficacy?
This bill creates technical standards and a technical advisory group to ensure that the code stays up to date and that the rooftops are being built properly and soundly.


Featuring world-renowned natural health physician Dr. Joseph Mercola's dietary program in Part One and over 150 healthy and delicious new recipes in Part Two.
Designed to help prevent disease, premature aging, optimize weight, increase energy, and love what you eat while doing so, Mercola's easy to follow program will help you avoid and eliminate the underlying causes of health and weight issues.
Built entirely around a natural approach, including eating only the cleanest and healthiest forms of proteins, fats and carbs.
Help eliminate the underlying causes for those currently challenged by diseases and conditions such as diabetes, heart problems, chronic fatigue, allergies.
Dr. Joseph Mercola is an osteopathic physician and director of the Optimal Wellness Center, his medical clinic outside of Chicago. Trained in both alternative and traditional medicine, he has served as the chairman of the family medicine department at St. Alexius Medical Center for five years.
Dr. Mercola is an osteopathic physician, also known as a DO. DOs are complete physicians who, along with MDs, are licensed to prescribe medication and perform surgery in all 50 states. But DOs bring something extra to the practice of medicine. Osteopathic physicians practice a "whole person" approach to medicine, treating the entire person rather that just the symptoms. With a focus on preventive health care, DOs help patients develop attitudes and lifestyles that don't just fight illness, but help prevent it, too.
Dr. Mercola is dedicated to finding long-term solutions for my patients who suffer from chronic illnesses. A number of prescription medications are beneficial tools that can help to provide relief from some acute illnesses, and as a fully licensed physician he occasionally prescribes them for these purposes. However, he believes that most medications provide only temporary relief at best, and as an osteopathic physician, he seeks to treat the whole person, not just the symptoms.


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Children of the Thunder Review
May 22, 2018 Reviews	| 0
Dark, dystopian, and deeply flawed. And yet….
Author John Brunner's late 20th century England is a mess: the economy is collapsing, environmental degradation is rampant, the government is corrupt, religious fundamentalists are taking over, and a renegade general is advocating xenophobia and racism at home and nuclear war abroad. Things in the U.S. are similar, minus the general. Meanwhile, Japan and continental Europe are doing fine, or better.
Peter Levin is a freelance reporter. Few newspapers will buy his work and they are in danger of closing. Claudia Morris is an American sociologist. She made her name with a provocative book, but she now thinks she might have gotten her thesis wrong, and has come to England on sabbatical to do research and write a new book. She and Levin had met previously, and they meet up again.
Meanwhile, a baker's dozen of just past puberty children scattered across the British Isles and in Italy have discovered that they have the power to control the people around them, and they're wielding that power to get everything they want, including the deaths of those who threaten them.
And here's where the first flaw shows up. Brunner tells the story of all but one of the children while Levin and Morris meet. Levin fumbles around trying to find paying work while she struggles to keep the funding for her studies coming. There's little evidence of a connection between the Levin/Morris story line and those of the children for well over half of the book. A science fiction reader will trust the author to eventually bring parallel story lines together, and Brunner eventually does, but even then, the children seem to be of secondary interest Levin and Morris. The early portions of the book are such a disjointed mess that it's often tempting to put the book down.
Other flaws: Written in the mid-1980s, the book seems to have been created in haste for the domestic British market, and so was not "translated" into American English for this publication. (My copy of Children is the first of three books collected into one hardback.) For someone like me who's worked with Britons, this isn't much of a problem, but for others, even the non-slang terms will cause American readers to stumble.
Speaking of slang, Brunner chose to create a whole new set of slang and swear words for his characters. It turns out that he did not make up the words he chose, they were terms from previous eras, some quite obscene in their original usage. This wouldn't be much of a problem except that Levin, the children, and even the American Dr. Morris, who, by the way, is also a Jewish lesbian, swear like sailors. It's annoying and unnecessary.
As a writer, I notice dialogue tags. Writers today are taught to use very few: said, asked, thought, maybe one or two others. Brunner, however, resorts to what are called "Tom Swifties," after the Tom Swift adventure novels, in which each dialogue tag is overdone and accompanied by an adverb to overdo them even more. Brunner's characters shout angrily, exclaim excitedly, growl menacingly, and so on. It's annoying tremendously.
And yet, for all this, I kept reading. The story picks up once Levin and Morris hear about the kids. With the help of Levin's estranged teenage daughter, who comes to live with him after her mother is killed by a plane crash in her neighborhood, they start to investigate the children. One of the children brings all but two of the others to live with him. He kills the Italian boy because he's a potential rival. The other child (spoiler alert) is Levin's daughter, and she's in cahoots with the rest of them.
Levin and Morris suspect that these children were all created via artificial insemination (referred to by the British slang term "artinsem") with sperm from a single donor, so they try to find him. It turns out (more spoilers) that Levin, who was also a sperm donor as a young man, is that man, something that's only revealed at the end of the book, when the children show him their amoral, power-mad nature and ultimate plans to take over the world, by among other things, making Levin father more of them, including with Morris.
In true dystopian fashion, the bad guys (the kids) win, and the person we thought was the good guy (Levin) is in fact at fault for the whole mess.
It's a tribute to Brunner's skill as a writer that he was able to keep me interested in such a flawed work all the way to the end, but in the end the flaws drive the rating down, although to a higher score than I first thought I would give it.
Tags: artificial insemination, character, dystopian, fiction, science fiction, story beginnings, The Eternity Plague


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Home > Newsroom > Top Stories > Zarubezhneft joins Kharyaga project
Zarubezhneft joins Kharyaga project
MOSCOW. Jan 11 (Interfax) - Russian state-owned oil company Zarubezhneft joined the project to develop the Kharyaga field in Nenets autonomous district on January 1, 2010.
French Total is the operator of the production-sharing project to develop Kharyaga. Norwegian StatoilHydro and Nenets Oil Company are the other members of the consortium.
The production-sharing agreement (PSA) gives Russia an option on a 20% stake in the project. Lukoil was to have received the stake, but the Russian oil major pulled out after determining that project profitability was too low.
In fact, the structure of the deposit is complex and reserves of about 240 million tonnes of oil are insufficient, which has prompted Total to alter the technical development plan, moving back by several years the date for reaching peak production of over 3 million tonnes a year.
The field was also found to contain large reserves of high-sulfur associated gas, which will require the project operator to build a $200 million facility at the field to process the gas and produce granulated sulfur.
Zarubezhneft began expressing interest in the project after Nikolai Brunich, the former head of Nenets Oil Company, was appointed general director.
Zarubezhneft and the Russian Energy Ministry began negotiating participation in the project in mid-2008. In November 2009 Total and StatoilHydro each agreed to cede 10% in the project to Zarubezhneft for a total of $65 million. Brunich signed the agreement with Total's Chistophe de Margerie during Prime Minister Vladimir Putin's visit to Paris late last year.
Following the Russian company's entry, the project includes Total with 40%, StatoilHydro - 30%, Zarubezhneft - 20% and Nenets Oil Company - 10%.
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Jon Creyts
Jon Creyts is a Managing Director at RMI, where he co-leads overall program activity and is personally responsible for RMI Ventures, a global collaboration focused on accelerating early stage climate solutions. He brings over 25 years of strategy, operations and design experience to resource issues at the interface of markets and technology.
Jon is a recognized global change leader focused on the clean energy transition. Over the past two decades he has worked extensively with officials at the highest levels of government, with leading global companies and institutions both individually and in consortia, spoken extensively, and continuously progressed the global dialogue on practical solutions to the climate challenge. He has extensive experience in energy transition strategies, disruptive technologies (especially solar, storage, and blockchain), energy efficiency, and urban transformation.
In his time with RMI, Jon has helped lead and grow RMI's global capacity for impact. In 2013, he initiated the Reinventing Fire: China collaboration, working alongside some of China's most senior energy leaders to craft a clean energy roadmap for the country. That work helped inform U.S.-China climate negotiations, and became a reference for targets in China's 13th Five Year Plan. Based on the proven ability of RMI to support China in its energy transition, Jon helped found an office in Beijing, which now has active programs counseling on electricity reform, urban decarbonization, near-zero district development, and clean logistics and mobility. Practical integration of these ideas is embodied in multiple publications in English and Mandarin, including the Carbon-Free City Handbook.
Jon has also worked to advance the understanding of the disruptive potential of emerging technologies. RMI's 2014 and 2015 reports on grid defection highlighted the emerging economics of combined batteries and solar.More recent work on blockchain has framed the transformative potential of that technology, which greatly reduces friction in physical and financial markets and could be a key enabler for a distributed internet of energy. Jon also played key roles in the development and stewardship of RMI's Electricity Innovation Lab and Business Renewables Center (now the standalone Renewable Energy Buyer's Alliance).
Jon's current RMI Ventures activities focus on accelerating critical climate solutions to global scale. Working together with leading corporations, venture capitalists, and other NGO and government entities, he is building an innovation accelerator that uses an integrated ecosystem approach to tackle the significant commercialization gap that exists for startups between prototype and first customer. Jon is a board member of both RMI's joint venture Energy Web Foundation, which is creating a global open-source blockchain platform to support digital energy markets, and WattTime, which is a venture integrating real-time carbon emission tracking into business tools. Jon is also a member of RMI's Executive Council and there helps guide the overall direction of the Institute.
Prior to joining RMI, Jon was a partner with McKinsey and Company for 11 years where he helped found McKinsey's sustainability practice and was a member of the global energy practice. He served clients extensively on issues related to operations, capital productivity, environmental management, and growth, focusing on the energy, industrial, and technology sectors. During his time at McKinsey, he co-authored the groundbreaking survey Reducing US Greenhouse Gas Emissions: How Much at What Cost?, popularizing the use of the cost curve as a means to convey the economics of reducing carbon emissions. He was also a principal author of that report's sequel, Unlocking Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Economy, which explored the barriers and solutions to unlocking energy efficiency's potential at-scale.
Before McKinsey, Jon worked as a designer in both the aerospace and power industries and is an alumnus of Lockheed Martin's renowned Skunk Works aircraft prototyping facility.
BS in Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1992)
MS in Mechanical Engineering, University of California – Berkeley (1998)
PhD in Mechanical Engineering, University of California – Berkeley (2000)
Building the Electricity System of the Future: Thinking Disruption, Doing Solutions
March 19, 2014 | By
The speed of disruptive innovation in the electricity sector has been outpacing regulatory and utility business model reform, which is why they now sometimes feel in conflict. That disruptive innovation is only accelerating.
Fixing the Broken Compass: Finding Our Way to Natural Capitalism
Jules Kortenhorst
If we are to solve perhaps the greatest challenge that global capitalism has created – climate change – it is essential that we reconcile our prevailing economic model to place more emphasis on the importance of natural capitalism.
Microgrids and "Micro-municipalization"
July 23, 2013 | By
Whether through physical decline, natural catastrophe, or misguided malice, our grid is subject to increasing threats that can and will lead to more frequent failure.
Reinventing Fire: Three Energy Gamechangers for China and the World
In this article from China Policy Review, Amory Lovins and Jon Creyts discuss how three mutually reinforcing gamechangers have emerged as important enablers of China's transition from fossil fuels to efficiency and renewables: 1) achieving oil-free mobility, 2) adopting integrative design for radical efficiency in buildings and industry, and 3)…
Reinventing Fire: China Launch Recap
Clay Stranger
This document recaps the launch of the Reinventing Fire: China project. Identifying the enthusiasm and interest among China's energy leaders. Leaders include the Deputy Director of ERI, a representative from the World Bank, and others. Two major themes that emerged are: China must have an inspirational and aspirational vision to…
Pioneering "Pay for Performance" in the Pacific Northwest
September 18, 2012 | By
Washington State, the land of coffee and clouds, is at it again. As if it is not enough to lead the country in caffeine consumed per capita and cardiac arrest recovery rates, it is now hard at work innovating on how to capture building energy efficiency.
Hot Air About Cheap Natural Gas
September 6, 2012 | By
Would you build a buy-and-hold financial portfolio from only junk bonds and no Treasuries by considering only price, not also risk? Not for long. Yet those who say cheap natural gas is killing alternatives—solar, wind, nuclear—make the same error. In truth, they're doing the math wrong: the gas isn't really…


A look at some of the most futuristic gadgets to emerge this year.
In this age of automation, arming yourself with the latest in tech is essential to stay two steps ahead of the rest. A look at some of the most futuristic gadgets to emerge this year.
If the turning point of evolution was the biological miracle of the opposable thumb, it is all you need today to launch a satellite into space. The spawn of technology has crept into our lives (for the better, obviously), and for every conceivable function, there is an equal and appropriate responsive device.
A gadget that you may deem unnecessary at this point of your life may become indispensible the day after tomorrow. Whether it is a 400-disc megachanger that eliminates the need for a DVD rack or a wristband mini-computer that records every step you take, technology has carved a place for itself in your life, and - try as you may - it cannot be brought down from this pedestal.
When outdoors, you could take along the Oregon 600, so you are never at a loss for direction, or the Breitling Emergency II - a device that saves lives as efficiently as it shows the time. The office has become an exciting place too, thanks to gadgets like the Asus Transformer Book Trio and the Lavazza Blue, and when you return home, it's to a personalised fortress that opens electronic doors and plays soothing jazz from automated music players to welcome its master.
The world has come a long way from family evenings before a grainy old television set. Whether it's a visor that doubles up as a hi-tech 3-D cinema screen to gaming consoles that take you to alternative realities where the imagination reigns supreme, entertainment gadgets are becoming personal to a fault.
Technology is here to stay and, in the circumstances, it's only sensible to make the best of it. We present the latest gadgets that make every sphere of your life simple.


Items where Author is "WAHYU , TRISNANDA"
WAHYU , TRISNANDA (2013) ANALISA YURIDIS HAK ASUH ANAK DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SIDOARJO (Studi kasus putusan No : 0635/Pdt.G/2010/PA.Sda.). Undergraduate thesis, Faculty of Law.
This list was generated on Wed Apr 24 03:39:25 2019 WIT.


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UNIQUE EXPERIENCES AWAIT HOLIDAY REVELERS AT THE L.A. ZOO
CONTACT: GLAZA Press
Photo by Jamie Pham
Live Entertainment, Group Sleepovers and New Year's Eve Celebration Happening This Holiday Season
The Los Angeles Zoo offers adults, families, and groups VIP experiences surrounding one of Los Angeles' most iconic holiday lights displays—L.A. Zoo Lights. After the animals go to bed, the Zoo comes to life with over 500,000 LED lights and 3-D animations throughout its 100-acre grounds. Guests can enjoy L.A. Zoo Lights through a number of unique experiences including group sleepovers and a family-friendly News Year's Eve celebration. Also, during the month of December, L.A. Zoo Lights features live performances including glow dancers and stilt walkers nightly, DJs on select Friday evenings, and a live karaoke band on Sunday evenings, and from Sunday, December 16 to Sunday, December 30 a live ice sculpture artist will create frozen masterpieces from 6:30 – 9:30 pm.
The L.A. Zoo hosts groups and families for the ultimate holiday sleepover. This exciting indoor overnight includes a nighttime guided tour of L.A. Zoo Lights, dinner, and a snack for all guests. After an evening of exploring, guests will settle in for a 'beastly' bedtime story at the Zoo's cozy indoor campsite at the California Condor Recovery Zone. The next morning will begin with a stroll through the Zoo and continental breakfast, followed by a meet-and-greet with some of the Zoo's ambassador animals. Wild Wonder Family Slumber: L.A. Zoo Lights Adventures happen Friday, December 7 to Saturday, December 8; Saturday, December 8 to Sunday, December 9; and Saturday, January 5 to Sunday, January 6. The cost $85 per person, ages 5 and up. For more information and to purchase tickets, visit: https://www.lazoolights.org/#vip
The L.A. Zoo hosts a New Year's Eve party for the whole family to enjoy. The celebration includes express entry to L.A. Zoo Lights; a dinner buffet, including soft drinks and dessert; a carousel ride; games; DJ dance party; and live broadcast of the Times Square ball drop. Toast to the New Year with complimentary champagne for adults (21+) and sparkling apple cider for kids. Cash bar available. Families are welcome to enjoy L.A. Zoo Lights from 6 pm until closing. Tickets are $69 for adults (13+) and $45 for children (2-12), or $64 and $40 for Zoo (GLAZA) members. For more information and to purchase tickets, visit: https://www.lazoolights.org/#vip.
L.A. Zoo Lights, an award-winning, brilliant display of lights and animation, features 500,000+ LED lights, a disco ball forest, whimsical 3-D animations, a glowing "Northern Lights" featuring animal constellations that come to life, and so much more. For the first time ever, the L.A. Zoo Lights experience will include picturesque Elephant Circle, which is transformed into a kaleidoscopic savanna where glowing, large-scale animals roam. Its popular Twinkle Tunnel has been expanded, with cascading swirls of light and a spectacular LED light finale. Other favorites like the dynamic holiday tree at the entrance, the animated elephant herd, and the dramatic water show are all reimagined, with stunning new visuals and music.
L.A. Zoo Lights is a self-guided 60- to 90-minute walking tour through a large area of the Zoo and is happening through Sunday, January 6, 2019 (except December 24/25) from 6-10 pm. Admission prices vary and range from $14.95 to $21.95 for adults (13+) and $11.95 to $16.95 for children (2-12). Children under age 2 are free. For more information and to purchase tickets, visit: https://www.lazoolights.org/.


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Ballygowan health hub - feasibility study
FEASIBILITY OF A LOCAL GP SURGERY
Ballygowan is a small town (population 4,000) 8 miles outside of Belfast. It has two primary schools, busy shops, quarry, churches, a village hall and active community associations. In 2010, a branch surgery closed leaving Ballygowan without a GP surgery. Ballygowan & District Community Association (BDCA) had made significant strides towards bringing a GP to the area including identifying sites, builders, possible GPs and collecting 1,000 signatures on a petition. However this had not been successful. In 2018, BDCA became aware of a new site (on and surrounding the existing pharmacy) that could be made available to a prospective GP surgery. BDCA then sought a feasibility study to explore this in more detail.
A visual of how a small GP surgery (enveloping the existing pharmacy) could work in Ballygowan
APPROACH & CONCLUSION
McGarry Consulting undertook the feasibility study on behalf of BRG. We met with the group and then set up a meeting with key parties - local politicians, community leaders, council staff, and people familiar with the health sector. We then contacted local GPs, medical associations (e.g. BMA, LMC etc) and those within the Trust to understand the process better for establishing a GP. In doing so we also found out a lot about what was happening on the ground. In addition to extensive research we visited 3 sites that could serve as potential models for Ballygowan. We looked at the health hub concept (e.g. Clough) and the possibility of other health professionals (e.g. dentist, physiotherapist, chiropodist etc) coming to Ballygowan. This lead to us mapping out local health provision open to Ballygowan residents and the transport options associated with them.
Image from Pulse (pulsetoday.co.uk) on GP closures in the UK, highlighting wider decline in GP numbers and centralising trend
In conclusion, Ballygowan is an appealing small town with a village feel. It is relatively healthy and affluent in a NI context with seven GP surgeries within 6 miles (10km) open to residents. There is a significant shortage of GPs, with increasing demands from them. A situation which is only expected to get worse. Consequently GPs are increasingly centralising with surgeries becoming larger. Branch surgeries and small rural surgeries will close or increasingly struggle. In NI terms, Ballygowan is better off than other rural areas and therefore is very unlikely to get departmental support for a new GP surgery. The best case scenario is that an existing GP surgery may want to relocate to a larger site in Ballygowan. In which case, it would probably be a different location to that proposed.
A feasibility study is about assessing if an idea is feasible, and if so how. We outlined the limited possibility but also had to present the overwhelming evidence that set out the extremely challenging obstacles and trends going against it. At our presentation to a public meeting we were praised for our straight talking and that the findings would allow a long and exhausting quest to end. It is hard to tell people that an idea, although well supported, is not likely to happen. Especially after they have put such extraordinary effort into it.


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"A lot of people when they look at me and when I reveal to them that I'm half Korean, they say that they don't see it at all and think that I'm black. I get a lot of people that say that and they try to impose their own classification of my identity and I embrace both sides." -Moogega (???) Cooper
David Lee Sanders, "Interview with Moogega Cooper," HalfKorean.com: An online community for mixed-race Koreans, April 10, 2013. http://www.halfkorean.com/?page_id=8947.
When Change Doesn't Matter: Racial Identity (In)consistency and Adolescent Well-being
Posted in Articles, Identity Development/Psychology, Media Archive, Social Science, United States on 2015-03-26 14:54Z by Steven
Sociology of Race & Ethnicity
Volume 1, Number 2 (April 2015)
Rory Kramer, Assistant Professor
Department of Sociology and Criminology
Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania
Ruth Burke
Camille Z. Charles, Professor of Sociology
Most theories of racial self-identity argue that a racially inconsistent identity indicates emotional distress and internal turmoil. However, empirical research on racial identity and consistency indicates that racial inconsistency is more common than previously believed, and some argue that it can be a positive adaptation for individuals. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, we explore the degree to which racial identity inconsistency is associated with emotional, social, and academic outcomes. We find that racial inconsistency is not associated with negative outcomes for individuals and, via access to white privilege, may be associated with benefits for some individuals. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories of racial identity.
Read the entire article here.
Tags: Camille Charles, Camille Z. Charles, Camille Zubrinsky Charles, Rory Kramer, Ruth Burke, Sociology of Race & Ethnicity
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How Ferguson could be America's future
Posted in Articles, Census/Demographics, Media Archive, Social Science, United States on 2014-08-26 02:12Z by Steven
Cable News Network (CNN)
(CNN) — The protests in Ferguson, Missouri, have been described as a mirror into contemporary America, but they are also something else: A crystal ball.
Look past the headlines — the debates over race and police militarization that have surfaced after the killing of an unarmed black youth by a white police officer — and one can glimpse America's future, some historians and political scientists say.
No one is talking about an impending race war or a police state, but something more subtle. Unless Americans re-examine some assumptions they've made about themselves, they argue, Ferguson could be the future.
Assumption No. 1: Tiger Woods is going to save us
It's called the "browning of America." Google the phrase and you'll get 18 million hits. By 2050, most of the nation's citizens are expected to be people of color, according to the Pew Research Center.
Dig beneath the Google links and one can detect an emerging assumption: Racial flashpoints like Ferguson will fade in the future because no single race will be dominant. You could call it the Tiger Woods effect. The New American will claim multiple racial origins like Woods, the pro golfer. Demographic change will accomplish what a thousand national conversations on race could never do: lessen the sting of racial conflict.
A dramatic increase in interracial marriages will change the racial landscape as more people cross racial and ethnic lines to marry. But that change won't be a cure-all, says Rory Kramer, a sociology and criminology professor at Villanova University in Pennsylvania.
He says racial progress is not inevitable with the browning of America.
"I don't want to deny the optimism," Kramer says. "I deny the assumption that it will happen without effort."…
Tags: Cable News Network, CNN, Ferguson, John Blake, Missouri, Pew Research Center, Robert Putnam, Rory Kramer
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Fluid or Fixed: Which is Better? Multiracial Identity Consistency and Emotional Well-Being in Adolescence
Posted in Identity Development/Psychology, Live Events, New Media, Social Science, United States on 2010-08-14 17:44Z by Steven
Regular Session: Multi-Racial Classification/Identity
Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Monday, 2010-08-16, 16:30-18:10 EDT (Local Time)
Session Organizer: Rebecca C. King-O'Riain, Senior Lecturer of Sociology
National University of Ireland-Maynooth
Presider: Carolyn A. Liebler, Assistant Professor of Sociology
Ruth H. Burke
Rory Kramer
Camille Zubrinsky Charles, Professor of Sociology and the Edmund J. and Louise W. Kahn Term Professor in the Social Sciences; Director, The Center for Africana Studies
Traditional theories of multiracial identity propose that multiracial individuals go through a period of "crisis" in which their racial and ethnic identity is fluid and inconsistent. These theories argue that such fluidity leads to emotional stress. Recent research has shown that this fluidity is more related to socioeconomic status and background and that racial consistency is not a necessary or ideal goal for multiracial individuals. At the same time, others have shown how to measure consistency of identity in survey research such as Add Health but have not yet studied whether or not consistency is related to negative emotional outcomes. In this paper, we expand those measures to include Hispanic ethnic identity in our measure of consistency and test whether or not inconsistency of racial and/or ethnic identity is related to depression. We find that the older, more linear theories of multiraciality are not correct and that fluid identities are not significantly related to higher scores on a standard measure of depression. The paper concludes by discussing how these findings highlight the importance of producing new theories of racial identity that consider fluidity and multidimensionality of racial identity as a natural and neutral part of an individual's identity.
Tags: American Sociological Association, Camille Charles, Camille Zubrinsky Charles, Carolyn A. Liebler, Carolyn Liebler, Rebecca C. King-O'Riain, Rory Kramer, Ruth H. Burke, Ruth Hunt Burke


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