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Bryan Edwards
The history, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies: in two volumes. By Bryan Edwards, ...
London: Printed for John Stockdale, 1793.
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Volume 1 (55 checkouts)
The history, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies: in two volumes. By Bryan Edwards, ...	Library Average
Circulation records from 1793-1799 are lost.
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Transcribed
Gulian Ludlow Volume 1 8/20/1799 8/30/1799 Edwards W. Indies
Gulian Ludlow Volume 2 8/30/1799 9/7/1799 "
Bernard Hart Volume 1 8/31/1799 11/9/1799 Edwards W. Indies
Bernard Hart Volume 2 11/9/1799 11/25/1799 "
William Beekman 12/3/1799 12/27/1799 Edwards W Indies
James Beekman, Jr. Volume 1 12/3/1799 12/27/1799 Edwards W Indies
William Samuel Johnson Volume 1 1/16/1800 1/26/1800 Edwards W Indies
Peter Anderson Volume 1 3/4/1800 3/13/1800 Edwards W. Indies
Joshua Sands Volume 1 5/13/1800 5/20/1800 Edwards W/ Indies
Joshua Sands Volume 2 5/20/1800 5/28/1800 "
John Wood Volume 1 7/17/1800 8/7/1800 Edward W Ind
Thomas Jones Volume 2 9/6/1800 9/13/1800 Edward W. Indies
Olivia Munro Volume 1 10/7/1800 1/2/1801 8/ Edwards W. Indies
Cornelius Cadle Volume 1 1/8/1801 2/2/1801 1/4 Edwards W Indies
Rebecca Laight Volume 1 2/4/1801 2/6/1801 Edwards W. Indies
Rebecca Laight Volume 2 2/6/1801 2/10/1801 "
Charles Taylor Volume 1 3/23/1801 3/31/1801 Edwards W. Indies
John Parsons Volume 1 4/13/1801 5/5/1801 Edwards W Indies
John Parsons Volume 2 5/5/1801 5/19/1801 "
Roger Alden Volume 1 6/17/1801 7/6/1801 Edwards West Indies
Frederick de Peyster Volume 1 3/29/1802 3/30/1802 Edwards W Indies
Frederick de Peyster Volume 1 3/30/1802 4/17/1802 "
Charles Rhind Volume 1 4/17/1802 5/11/1802 1/ Edwards W Indies
Edmund Seaman Volume 1 5/11/1802 6/1/1802 Edward W Indies
Robert R. Hunter Volume 1 6/12/1802 6/22/1802 Edw. W. Indies
Ann Pierce Volume 1 6/18/1802 7/9/1802 2/6 West Indies
Andrew Gifford Volume 1 6/23/1802 6/30/1802 Edward W Indies
Archibald Robertson 7/3/1802 7/3/1802 Edwards W. Indies
Archibald Robertson Volume 1 7/3/1802 7/13/1802 "
Michael Price Volume 3 7/19/1802 8/9/1802 Edwards W Indies
Michael Price Volume 3 8/9/1802 11/8/1802 4/8 "
Ebenezer Irving Volume 1 8/18/1802 8/25/1802 Edwards W. Indies
Peter Irving Volume 2 8/21/1802 9/3/1802 Edwards W. Indies
Allard Anthony Volume 1 8/27/1802 9/10/1802 Edwards W Indies
William Proctor Volume 1 9/11/1802 9/27/1802 Edwards W Indies
Joseph Eden Volume 1 10/30/1802 11/27/1802 Edwards W Indies
Michael Price 11/8/1802 11/8/1802 "
Francis Cooper Volume 1 11/17/1802 11/20/1802 Edwards W. Indies
John Lylburn Volume 1 11/23/1802 12/14/1802 Edwards W Islands
John Lylburn Volume 2 12/14/1802 1/10/1803 1/2 "
John Lylburn Volume 2 1/11/1803 1/17/1803 "
John B. Murray Volume 1 1/31/1803 2/19/1803 Edwards W Indies
William Laight Volume 1 7/23/1803 7/28/1803 Edwards W. Indies
William Laight Volume 2 7/28/1803 7/30/1803 "
William Laight Volume 3 7/30/1803 8/4/1803 "
Henry W. Phillips Volume 1 11/24/1803 12/8/1803 Edwards W. Indies
Jeromus Johnson Volume 2 12/19/1803 1/4/1804 Edwards W. Indies
Walter Rutherford Volume 1 12/24/1803 12/29/1803 Edwards W Indies
Thomas Storm Volume 1 1/3/1804 1/10/1804 Edwards W Indies
Benjamin Strong Volume 1 1/5/1804 1/27/1804 2d Edwards W. Indies
Henrietta Marie Colden Volume 1 2/20/1804 2/22/1804 Edwards W Indies
Henrietta Marie Colden Volume 2 2/22/1804 2/27/1804 "
Henry Rutgers Volume 1 5/12/1804 5/28/1804 Edwards W. Indies
Henry Rogers Volume 1 5/26/1804 6/12/1804 Edwards W Indies
Henry Rutgers Volume 2 5/28/1804 6/6/1804 "
Matthias Nach Volume 1 6/20/1804 7/11/1804 Edwards W Indies
Josiah Ogden Hoffman Volume 1 6/25/1804 6/30/1804 Edwards W. Indies
Josiah Ogden Hoffman Volume 2 6/30/1804 7/7/1804 "
Josiah Ogden Hoffman Volume 3 7/7/1804 7/11/1804 "
Matthias Nach Volume 1 7/11/1804 7/25/1804 "
George C. Morton Volume 1 8/10/1804 9/12/1804 Edwards W Indies
John Le Conte Volume 1 8/20/1804 9/1/1804 Edwards W Indies
Henry M. Van Solingen Volume 1 9/22/1804 9/24/1804 Edwards W Indies
Henry M. Van Solingen Volume 2 9/24/1804 9/25/1804 "
Robert Troup Volume 1 11/2/1804 11/20/1804 Edwards W. Indies
David Codwise 11/16/1804 11/30/1804 Edwards W Indies
Thomas Storm Volume 2 11/17/1804 12/7/1804 Edwards W Indies
Robert Troup Volume 2 11/20/1804 12/10/1804 "
George Codwise Volume 1 11/30/1804 12/26/1804 10d Edwards W Indies
Abraham Brinckerhoff Volume 1 12/26/1804 12/28/1804 Edwards W Indies
George C. Morton Volume 3 1/15/1805 1/16/1805 Edward's W Indies
John Clarke Volume 1 1/29/1805 2/4/1805 Edwards W Indies
John Clarke Volume 2 2/4/1805 2/9/1805 "
John Clarke Volume 3 2/9/1805 2/15/1805 "
James Forrest Volume 1 4/20/1805 8/22/1805 16/ Edwards W Indies
Archibald M. Cock Volume 1 5/9/1805 5/16/1805 Edwards W Indies
Samuel Latham Mitchill Volume 2 5/23/1805 6/1/1805 Edwards W Indies
Catherine Hill Volume 1 5/25/1805 5/31/1805 Edwards W Indies
Catherine Hill Volume 2 5/31/1805 6/6/1805 "
Egbert Benson Volume 1 6/1/1805 6/11/1805 Edwards W Indies
Egbert Benson Volume 2 6/11/1805 6/25/1805 "
Bernard Hart Volume 1 6/18/1805 6/26/1805 Edward W. Indies
Bernard Hart Volume 1 6/26/1805 7/5/1805 "
Bernard Hart Volume 2 6/26/1805 6/26/1805 "
Bernard Hart Volume 2 7/5/1805 7/13/1805 "
Edmund Seaman Volume 1 8/26/1805 9/10/1805 Edwards W Indies
Edmund Seaman Volume 1 9/10/1805 11/5/1805 "
George Cock Volume 1 12/28/1805 1/6/1806 edwards W Indies
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Брак банкноты — явление обусловленное процессом реального производства технических носителей денежных средств и связанная с ним возможность ошибок на различных этапах производства и контроля. На практике наиболее часто встречается брак монет, нежели банкнот бумажных денег. Брак монеты встречается чаще по нескольким причинам. Во-первых, при чеканке монет (в связи с технологией) выше вероятность промышленного брака. Во-вторых, контроль за производством бумажных банкнот выше в связи с более высоким номиналом (обычно банкноты более высокого достоинства чем монеты, то есть «мелочь»).

Виды брака бумажных денег
Брак производства бумажных денег может быть различным. Бумажные денежные знаки, имеющие брак производства, более высоко ценятся коллекционерами. Наиболее часто встречающиеся (при достаточной редкости самого явления) :

Ошибка в написании или изображении отдельных элементов
Встречается такой вид брака, когда в слове или отдельном изображении присутствует ошибка. Ошибки в словах зачастую обусловлены тем фактом, что в отдельных странах денежные средства печатаются не в самой стране, а за рубежом, где фактические исполнители могут не знать языка, на котором наносится надпись, что в свою очередь может привести к соответствующей ошибке.

Отсутствие отдельных элементов изображения
Отсутствие отдельных элементов изображения может быть обусловлено отсутствием загрузки определенной краски при печати денежных знаков. Примером такого брака может служить банкнота номиналом 10 рублей 1998 года выпуска. На стороне, где изображена башня, в нижнем левом углу отсутствует число 10 серого цвета на надписи «подделка билетов банка России преследуется по закону».

Отсутствие, частичное отсутствие лент или нитей, которые впрессовываются в банкноту
Такие элементы защиты как впрессованные в банкноту нити или ленты из волокон или фольги могут отсутствовать или присутствовать не в полном размере. Такое явление присутствует в некоторых экземплярах различных номиналов.

Ошибка в надпечатке
Помимо брака (ошибок) на самих банкнотах встречаются ошибки и на официальных надпечатках. См. Надпечатка (бонистика)

«В угоду коллекционерам» иногда искусственно создается иллюзия брака, что, по сути, не является браком, а является подделкой для коллекционеров, фальсификатом.

Ссылки

Примечания

Банкноты

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It is an adaptation of the 1979 play of the same name by Sha Yexin, Li Shoucheng and Yao Mingde, set in mainland China. The film made some changes to the story to turn "the satirical comedy into political propaganda which condemns Chinese communism". The film was banned not only in mainland China (like the play), but also in British Hong Kong until 1989.


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text:
Carl William Blegen (Minesota, 27 de enero de 1887-Atenas, 24 de agosto de 1971) fue un arqueólogo estadounidense famoso por su trabajo en Pilos y en Troya.

Blegen fue profesor de Arqueología Clásica en la Universidad de Cincinnati (Ohio) de 1927 a 1957. Dirigió las excavaciones de la universidad en la colina de Hisarlik, lugar del asentamiento de Troya, de 1932 a 1938.

Biografía, estudios y excavaciones

Carl Blegen se licenció por la Universidad de Minnesota en 1904 y comenzó sus estudios superiores en la Universidad de Yale en 1907. En Grecia fue alumno en la American School of Classical Studies at Athens de 1911 a 1913, tiempo en el que trabajó a la vez en las excavaciones de Lócrida Ozolia, Corinto y Korakou.

Durante la primera guerra mundial, Blegen hizo trabajos de ayuda en Bulgaria y Macedonia, recibiendo la medalla de la Saviors Order de Grecia en 1919. Después de la guerra completó su formación en Yale, en 1920. Fue asistente del director de la American School (1920-26) mientras trabajaba en las excavaciones de Zyguriés, Fliunte, Prosimna, e Himeto.

En 1924 se casó con Elisabeth Denny Pierce en Lake Placid, Nueva York.

En 1927 Blegen se unió a la facultad de la Universidad de Cincinnati.

Sus excavaciones en Troya se llevaron a cabo entre 1932 y 1938; una de las conclusiones que sacó de sus excavaciones fue que el estrato de Troya que correspondía a la ciudad destruida por los aqueos y cantada por Homero era Troya VII-A. Dató la destrucción de Troya en torno del 1240 a. C. También sacó la conclusión de que Troya había estado deshabitada desde su destrucción hasta aproximadamente el año 700 a. C., fecha en torno a la que habría sido colonizada por los griegos. Estas conclusiones a menudo han sido cuestionadas por arqueólogos e investigadores posteriores, pero cuentan también con numerosos defensores.

Estas excavaciones fueron seguidas por las que emprendió en el palacio de Néstor en Pilos en 1939 (esta excavación se reanudó de 1952 a 1969).

Blegen se retiró en 1957.

Reconocimientos

Recibió reconocimientos honoríficos de la Universidad de Oslo y de la de Salónica en 1951, de Oxford en 1957 y de la Universidad de Cincinnati en 1958. Otros reconocimientos de honor le llegaron en 1963 de Cambridge, de la Universidad de Atenas, de la Hebrew Union College, y del Jewish Institute of Religion de Jerusalén. En 1965 el Archaeological Institute of America le premió con la medalla de oro al éxito arqueológico. También tuvo una sala con su nombre en el campus de la Universidad de Twin City, en Minnesota. Actualmente los alumnos asisten en ella a cursos de Economía, Política y Ciencias sociales.

Enlaces externos

 American School of classical studies at Athens - Biografía y archivos de Blegen (en inglés).

Filólogos de Estados Unidos
Arqueólogos de Estados Unidos
Profesores de Estados Unidos
Helenistas de Estados Unidos
Graduados honorarios de la Universidad Yale
Nacidos en Minneapolis
Fallecidos en Atenas


본 발명은 가시광 LED 조명을 이용한 동기화된 데이터 제공에 관한 것으로, 이동통신망을 이용하여 LED 조명 간의 충돌 없이 동기화된 데이터를 제공하는 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a synchronized data service using the visible light LED lighting apparatus and method for providing data synchronized with the mobile communication network without a collision between the LED light.
이를 위해 본 발명은 가시광 통신을 이용한 동기화된 데이터 제공 방법에 있어서, LED(Light Emmiting Diode) 조명부를 통해서 이동 통신망으로부터 동기 채널을 수신하는 과정과, 상기 수신된 동기 채널을 분석하여 동기 신호를 추출하는 과정과, 상기 LED 조명부에 의한 조명으로서의 빛과 데이터로서의 빛의 전송을 상기 추출된 동기 신호에 동기화 하는 과정-상기 전송은 타임 슬롯에 동기화 됨-과, 상기 LED 조명부의 ID(Identification)를 기반으로 타임 슬롯을 선택하는 과정과, 상기 선택된 타임 슬롯에 상기 LED 조명부의 데이터 프레임을 포함하여 이동 단말기로 송신하는 과정을 포함할 수 있다. To this end, the present invention relates to a synchronized data providing method using a visible light communication, LED (Light Emmiting Diode) comprising the steps of: receiving a sync channel from the mobile communication network through the lighting unit and, by analyzing the received synchronization channel to extract a synchronization signal with the said LED-based lighting unit of the ID (Identification) - process and the step of synchronizing the transmission of light as one trillion people as light and data by the LED illumination on the extracted synchronizing signal, the transmission is being synchronized with the time slot the process for selecting the time slots and, by the selected time slot including the data frame of the LED lighting unit can include the step of transmitting to the mobile terminal.
한국 산업 자원부에서는 2015년까지 현재의 조명 대신에 LED(Light Emmiting Diode) 조명이 그 자리를 대신 할 것이라고 예고하고 있다. In Korea, the Ministry of Commerce has been heralded by 2015 instead of the current lighting lighting (Light Emmiting Diode) LED will be its place. 최근 들어, LED(Light Emitting Diode) 조명의 발광 효율이 개선되고 가격이 떨어짐에 따라 휴대기기, 디스플레이, 자동차, 신호등, 광고판 등의 특수 조명 시장뿐만 아니라 형광등 백열등과 같은 일반 조명 시장에서도 LED 조명이 보편화되어가고 있다. In recent years, LED (Light Emitting Diode) in accordance with the improved luminous efficiency of the lighting and the falling prices, as well as special lighting markets such as mobile devices, displays, automobiles, traffic lights, billboards in the general lighting market, such as fluorescent lights, incandescent lights LED lighting is widespread becoming. 또한 최근에는 RF(Radio Frequency) 대역 주파수 고갈, 여러 무선 통신 기술 간의 혼선 가능성, 통신의 보안성 요구 증대, 4G 무선 기술의 초고속 유비쿼터스 통신 환경 도래 등으로 인하여 RF 기술과 상호 보완적인 광무선 기술에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있어 가시광 LED 조명을 이용한 가시광 무선통신에 대한 연구가 여러 기업 및 연구소 등에서 진행되고 있다. Recently, RF (Radio Frequency) band frequency depletion, due to the interference possibility among the various wireless technologies, and security requirements of the communication increases, high-speed ubiquitous communication environments arrival of the 4G wireless technologies for RF technology and a complementary optical wireless technology there is increasing interest is the study of visible wireless communication using visible light LED lighting and progress, etc. several companies and research institutes.
눈에 보이는 가시광선을 이용해서 정보를 전달하는 가시광 통신은 안전하며 그 사용 대역이 넓고 규제를 받지 않고 자유롭게 사용할 수 있다는 점 외에도 광이 도달하는 장소나 진행하는 방향을 볼 수 있기 때문에 정보의 수신범위를 정확하게 알 수 있다는 장점이 있다. Using visible light, the visible visible light communication to convey information is safe and their use band reception range of information because they can see the direction in which the broad progress places where light reaches Besides me there freely available without restrictions there is an advantage to know exactly. 따라서 보안 측면에서도 신뢰할 수 있고, 전력소모 측면에서도 저전력으로 구동시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. Therefore, there is an advantage that can be driven with low power in a reliable in terms of security, and the power consumption side. 따라서 가시광 통신은 RF(Radio Frequency) 사용이 제한된 병원, 비행기 등에서도 적용이 가능하며, 또한 전광판을 이용한 부가 정보 서비스도 제공 가능하다. Therefore, the visible light communication is possible to apply, etc. The limited hospitals, airplanes use RF (Radio Frequency), and it is also possible to provide the additional information service using the electronic board. 이러한 가시광 통신 시스템에 대하여 하기의 도면을 참조하여 살펴보기로 한다. Reference to the figures below for such visible light communication system, and a look.
도 1은 종래의 가시광 통신(VLC: Visible Light Communication)을 이용한 통신 시스템의 구성도이다. Figure 1 is a conventional visible light communication: the configuration of the communication system using the (VLC Visible Light Communication) Fig. 일반적인 가시광 통신 시스템은 LED 조명으로 구성되어 조명의 역할과 동시에 가시광을 사용하여 데이터 송수신을 수행하는 제1, 2 LED 조명(101, 102)과 가시광 송수신 모듈을 구비하여 제1, 2 LED 조명(101, 102)과 데이터 송수신을 수행하는 이동단말기(120, 121)를 포함하여 구성된다. Typical visible light communication system of claim 1, 2 LED lights (101, 102) and the 1, 2 LED lights (101 and having a visible light transmitting and receiving module, which is composed of LED light to perform data transmission and reception by using the role and at the same time, visible light of the light , 102) and is configured to include a mobile terminal (120, 121) for performing data transmission and reception. 제1, 2 LED 조명(101, 102)의 통신 영역은 해당 조명 영역과 동일하며, 그 영역 내에 위치하는 적어도 하나의 이동단말기는 신호를 수신할 수 있다. First and second communication area of the LED lights 101, 102 may receive at least one mobile terminal is located within the signal the same as the illumination region, and that region. 이 때 제1, 2 LED 조명(101, 012)에서 정보를 전송하는 경우, 랜덤(Random)하게 타임 슬롯을 선정하여 정보를 전송하거나, 각 LED 조명 별로 기 설정된 ID를 바탕으로 타임 슬롯을 선택하여 전송할 수 있다. When this time transmits information on the claim 1, 2 LED lights (101, 012), random (Random) that by selecting a time slot transmitting information, or to select a time slot based on a predetermined ID for each LED light It can be transferred. 상기 이동단말기(120, 121)는 휴대폰, PDA(Personal Digital Assistants), 스마트폰(Smart Phone) 등을 포함한다. The mobile terminal (120, 121) comprises a cellular phone, PDA (Personal Digital Assistants), smart phones (Smart Phone) or the like.
하지만, LED 조명 자체로는 인접한 LED 조명과의 동기를 맞출 수 없으므로, 두 조명이 겹치는 영역에서는 정보를 송신하더라도 이동단말기의 수신부에서 충돌의 가능성이 높아진다. However, because LED light itself may be adjusted for synchronization with the adjacent LED illumination, the two lights are overlapped region, even if the transmission information increases the likelihood of collisions by the receiver of the mobile terminal. 이를 도면을 참조하여 살펴보면 다음과 같다. Looking at it with reference to the drawings as follows.
도 2는 종래의 LED 조명에서 무작위로 타임 슬롯을 선택하여 데이터 전송의 수행을 나타낸 도면이다. 2 is a view by selecting a time slot at random from the conventional LED light shows the performance of data transmission. 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 LED 조명 램프 1과 LED 조명 램프 2가 인접한 경우, 무작위로 타임 슬롯을 선정하여 데이터를 전송하게 되면, 이동단말기의 수신부에서는 동시에 두 개의 조명 램프에서 데이터를 수신하게 되므로 충돌이 일어날 수 있다. In some cases, the LED lighting lamp 1 and the LED lamps 2 adjacent as shown in FIG. 2, when the transmit data by selecting a random time slot to, so to receive the data from the two lamps in the receiving unit of the mobile terminal at the same time collisions this can take place. 해당 LED 조명의 ID를 바탕으로 타임 슬롯을 선택하는 경우에도 인접 조명의 ID를 알 수 없으므로, 동일한 타임 슬롯 구간이 선택될 수 있고, 이로 인하여 충돌이 일어나게 된다. If on the basis of the ID of the LED lighting for selecting a time slot, even does not know the ID of the adjacent light, and the same time slot duration can be selected, which results is a collision it occurs.
이러한 문제점을 방지하기 위하여 전력선을 기반으로 하는 전력선 통신과 건물 내부의 LED 조명을 결합하여 데이터를 제공하는 가시광 통신 시스템을 사용할 수 있으나, 이는 전력선 통신을 제어하는 서버를 중심으로 건물 내에 위치한 모든 LED 조명이 모두 전력선으로 연결되어 있어야 하므로, 구현 자체가 쉽지 않고 설치비용이 많이 들게 되는 문제점이 발생한다. In order to avoid this problem, but may combine the power line communication with the building interior of the LED light to the power line based on use of a visible light communication system that provides data, which all LED lights in the building in the center server for controlling the power line communication since both have been connected to power lines, and its implementation is a problem that occurs picked a lot of installation costs is not easy.
따라서 전력선 통신과 같은 시스템을 이용하지 않고 인접한 LED 조명 간의 동기를 맞출 수 있는 방법이 요구되고 있다. Therefore, there is a need for a way to match the synchronization between without the use of power line communication systems, such as the adjacent LED illumination.
이동통신망을 이용하여 두 LED 조명이 겹치는 영역에서 두 LED 조명 간의 동기를 맞추어 이동단말기의 수신부가 충돌없이 두 LED 조명이 송신하는 신호를 수신하는 장치 및 방법을 제안한다. Provide an apparatus and a method for receiving a signal for the two LED light transmitted without a collision receiving part of the mobile terminal in synchronization between the two LED lights in the overlap region are two LED light using a mobile communication network.
본 발명의 일 견지 따르면, 가시광 통신을 이용한 동기화된 데이터 제공 방법에 있어서, LED(Light Emmiting Diode) 조명부를 통해서 이동 통신망으로부터 동기 채널을 수신하는 과정과, 상기 수신된 동기 채널을 분석하여 동기 신호를 추출하는 과정과, 상기 LED 조명부에 의한 조명으로서의 빛과 데이터로서의 빛의 전송을 상기 추출된 동기 신호에 동기화 하는 과정-상기 전송은 타임 슬롯에 동기화 됨-과, 상기 LED 조명부의 ID(Identification)를 기반으로 타임 슬롯을 선택하는 과정과, 상기 선택된 타임 슬롯에 상기 LED 조명부의 데이터 프레임을 포함하여 이동 단말기로 송신하는 과정을 포함할 수 있다. According light work of the present invention, a synchronization signal in, by analyzing the process and, the received synchronization channel to receive the synchronization channel from the movement through an LED (Light Emmiting Diode) illuminating unit communication network to the synchronized data providing method using a visible light communication a and, the LED lighting unit of the ID (Identification) - extraction procedure, comprising: an extraction process of synchronizing with the synchronization signal the transmission of light as one trillion people as light and data by the LED lighting unit that said transmission is being synchronized with the time slot the process of selecting the time slots based in and, to the selected time slot including the data frame of the LED lighting unit can include the step of transmitting to the mobile terminal.
본 발명의 다른 견지에 따르면, 가시광 통신을 이용한 동기화된 데이터 제공을 위한 LED(Light Emmiting Diode) 조명 장치에 있어서, 이동 통신망으로부터 동기 채널을 수신하여 상기 수신된 동기 채널을 분석하고, 상기 LED 조명 장치의 동기를 위한 동기 신호를 추출하는 이동통신 수신부와, 조명으로서의 빛과 데이터로서의 빛의 전송을 위한 타임 슬롯을 동기화하기 위해 상기 추출된 동기 신호를 설정하고, 상기 LED 조명 장치의 ID(Identification)를 기반으로 타임 슬롯을 선택하고, 상기 선택된 타임 슬롯에 송신할 상기 LED 조명 장치의 데이터 프레임을 생성하기 위한 정보처리 제어부와, 상기 데이터 프레임을 이동 단말기로 송신하기 위한 LED 구동 회로부를 포함할 수 있다. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an LED (Light Emmiting Diode) illumination device for the synchronized data service using the visible-light communication, analyzes the received synchronization channel to receive the synchronization channel from the mobile communication network, and the LED illumination device and a mobile communication receiver for extracting a synchronization signal for synchronization, setting the synchronization signal the extracted to synchronize the time slots for the transmission of light as a as an illumination light, and data, and an ID (Identification) of the LED lighting device based on the selected time slot, and may include as the selected time information processing control section for generating a data frame of the LED lighting device to be transmitted in the slot, LED driving circuit portion for transmitting the data frame to the MS.
본 발명의 다른 견지에 따르면, LED(Light Emmiting Diode) 조명부의 동기화된 타임 슬롯에서 조명으로서의 빛과 데이터로서의 빛을 전송하는 방법에 있어서, 이동 통신망으로부터 동기 신호를 수신하는 과정과, 상기 수신된 동기 신호를 이용하여 조명으로서의 빛과 데이터로서의 빛을 전송하기 위해 타임 슬롯을 동기화하는 과정과, 상기 LED 조명부의 ID(Identification)에 기반하여 데이터 프레임을 전송하기 위한 타임 슬롯을 선택하는 과정과, 상기 선택된 타임 슬롯으로 상기 데이터 프레임을 전송하는 과정을 포함할 수 있다. According to another aspect of the present invention, LED (Light Emmiting Diode) a method for transmitting a light as a as a lighting unit of the lighting in a synchronized time slot light and data, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a synchronization signal from the mobile communication network and the received synchronization process by using a signal based on the process and the LED lighting unit of the ID (Identification) for synchronizing the time slots to transmit the light as one trillion people as light and data, select a time slot for transmitting a data frame, the selected the time slot may include the step of transmitting the data frame.
본 발명은 이동통신망을 이용한 LED 조명 간의 정확한 실내 위치 정보를 이용하여 네트워크 연결과 같은 추가적인 시스템의 구성없이 LED 조명에 이동통신 수신부를 추가함으로 인하여 충돌 없이 데이터 전송을 원활하게 전송할 수 있다. The present invention can be used for precise indoor position information between the LED light transfer smooth data transmission without collision because by adding a mobile communication receiver in the LED light without an additional system configurations, such as a network connection with the mobile communication network.
도 1은 종래의 가시광 통신(VLC: Visible Light Communication)을 이용한 통신 시스템의 구성도 Figure 1 is a conventional visible light communication: configuration of a communication system using the (VLC Visible Light Communication) Fig.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 가시광 통신(VLC: Visible Light Communication)을 이용한 통신 시스템의 구성도 Figure 3 is a visible light communication, according to an embodiment of the invention: The configuration of the communication system using the (VLC Visible Light Communication) Fig.
이하 본 발명에 따른 바람직한 실시 예를 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다. With reference to the accompanying drawings a preferred embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail. 하기 설명에서는 구체적인 구성 소자 등과 같은 특정 사항들이 나타나고 있는데 이는 본 발명의 보다 전반적인 이해를 돕기 위해서 제공된 것일 뿐 이러한 특정 사항들이 본 발명의 범위 내에서 소정의 변형이나 혹은 변경이 이루어질 수 있음은 이 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게는 자명하다 할 것이다. That to there in it appears that certain details, such as specific configuration elements disclosed, which in the intended only those specific details that the scope of the present invention is provided to assist the overall understanding of the present invention can be made with a predetermined deformation and or changes the art in will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
기존의 가시광 통신을 이용한 시스템에서는 두 LED 조명이 겹치는 공통 영역에 이동단말기가 위치한 경우, 두 LED 조명에서 랜덤한 타임 슬롯 구간을 사용하여 데이터를 송신하므로, 동일한 타임 슬롯 구간을 사용할 수 있고, 이로 인하여 데이터를 수신하는 이동단말기의 수신부에서는 충돌이 일어나게 되는 문제점이 있었다. In the system using a conventional visible light communication, if in the mobile terminal to the two overlapping common area LED lights, using the time slot interval randomly from two LED light, so the transmission data, and can use the same time-slot interval, because of this in the receiver of the mobile terminal for receiving data there is a problem in that a collision occurs.
이하 본 발명에서는 이동통신망의 동기 신호를 이용하여 인접한 LED 조명 간의 동기를 맞추어 충돌없이 데이터를 수신할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. Hereinafter, the present invention proposes a system that can receive data without collision in synchronization between adjacent LED light using a synchronization signal in a mobile communication network. 본 발명을 설명하기에 앞서 하나의 조명 그룹에 포함되는 하나 이상의 LED 조명은 각각 고유의 ID를 가지고 있으며, 동일한 조명 그룹 내에 위치한 하나 이상의 LED 조명은 서로의 ID가 일치하지 않음을 가정한다. Prior to describing the present invention, one or more LED lights contained in one of the lighting group has a unique ID for each of the one or more LED lights located in the same lighting groups is assumed that the ID of each other do not match. 이제 하기의 실시 예들을 참조하여 자세히 설명하면 다음과 같다. Now you detail by reference to the following examples as follows.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 가시광 통신(VLC: Visible Light Communication)을 이용한 통신 시스템의 구성도이다. Figure 3 is a visible light communication, according to an embodiment of the invention: a configuration diagram of a communication system using a (VLC Visible Light Communication) Fig. 가시광 통신은 기존의 LED 조명의 LED와 LED 전단에 데이터를 송신할 수 있는 포트를 연결하여 LED 조명에 부가적인 정보를 실어 발송하게 되는데, 본 도면에서는 LED 조명 간의 동기를 맞추기 위하여 이동통신에서 사용하는 동기 신호를 이용한다. Visible light communication is to be sent carries the additional information to the LED lighting by connecting the port to send data to the LED and LED front end of the existing LED lighting, the drawing, used in a mobile communication for synchronizing between the LED light It utilizes a synchronization signal.
도 3의 전체적인 구성은 조명의 역할과 동시에 가시광을 사용하여 데이터 송수신을 수행하는 제1 LED 조명(301), 제2 LED 조명(302)과 가시광 송수신 모듈을 구비하여 상기 LED 조명 1, 2와 데이터 송수신을 수행하는 제1 이동단말기(320), 제2 이동단말기(321)를 포함하여 구성된다. The overall configuration of Figure 3 by having the second one LED light 301, the second LED light 302 and the visible light transmitting and receiving module that performs data transmission and reception by using the role and at the same time, visible light of the light of the LED lights 1, 2 and data It is configured to include a first mobile terminal 320, the second mobile terminal 321 to perform transmission and reception. 각 LED 조명의 통신 영역은 해당 조명 영역과 동일하며, 그 영역 내에 위치하는 이동단말기는 데이터를 수신할 수 있다. The communication area of each LED light is the same as the illumination area, mobile terminals located in that area can receive the data. 도 3의 제1, 2 LED 조명(301, 302)은 데이터 전송을 위한 동기 신호의 충돌을 방지하기 위하여 이동통신망의 동기 신호를 이용한다. Claim 1, 2 LED lights (301, 302) of Figure 3 utilizes a synchronization signal in a mobile communication network in order to prevent the collision of the synchronization signal for data transmission. 이동통신 기지국에서 발송되는 무선 신호는 거의 모든 영역을 점유하고 있으므로 LED 조명에서 무선 신호를 수신하기에 무리가 없고, 이동통신 기지국은 이동통신망의 동기를 맞추기 위하여 동기 신호를 주기적으로 송신하므로 이를 이용하여 제1, 2 LED 조명(301, 302)과 같이 인접한 LED 조명들 간의 송신할 데이터 프레임에 대한 동기를 맞출 수 있다. A radio signal sent from a mobile communication base station, so almost occupy any area there is no complexity in receiving a radio signal from the LED lights, the mobile communication base station, so periodically transmitting a synchronization signal for synchronizing in a mobile communication network by using this, first, it is possible to tailor the synchronization of the data frame to be transmitted between the 2 LED lights 301 and 302 and the adjacent LED illumination together.
도 3에 도시된 바와 같이 제2 이동단말기(321)가 제1 LED 조명(301)과 제2 LED 조명(302)의 겹치는 공통 영역 내에 포함되는 경우, 제1 LED 조명(301)과 제2 LED 조명(302) 모두 이동통신망으로부터 동기 신호를 주기적으로 수신하여 이를 이용하여 서로간의 동기를 맞추므로, 종래와 같이 랜덤한 타임 슬롯의 이용으로 복수의 데이터를 동일한 시간대에 송신함으로 인하여 충돌이 일어나는 경우를 방지할 수 있다. When the second mobile terminal 321 as shown in Figure 3 contained within the overlapping common region of claim 1 LED light (301) and a second LED light (302) of claim 1 LED light (301) and the second LED Lights (302) the case, so that both periodically receives the synchronization signal from the mobile communication network adjust synchronization between use them to each other, it takes place the result by transmitting a plurality of data at the same time by the use of a random time slot as in the prior art collision It can be prevented.
이를 위하여 도 3의 제1, 2 LED 조명(301, 302)은 기존의 LED나 LED 구동부와 같은 구성요소 이 외에 이동통신 기지국으로부터 이동통신망의 동기 신호를 수신하기 위한 이동통신 수신부를 포함한다. Claim 1, 2 LED lights (301, 302) of Figure 3 To this end, includes a mobile receiver for receiving a synchronization signal in a mobile communication network from the mobile communication base station in addition to the components such as traditional LED or LED driver. 이동통신망을 통하여 수신되는 수신 채널은 이동통신에서 동기 신호를 제공하는 채널에 고정하도록 한다. The reception channel is received through the mobile communication network is to be fixed to the channel for providing a synchronization signal in a mobile communication.
이동통신 수신부를 구비하는 LED 조명의 내부 구성을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. Look at the internal structure of the LED light having a mobile communication receiver as follows.
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 LED 조명의 내부 구성을 나타낸 블록 구성도이다. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the LED light in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 도 4는 WCDMA(Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access)의 동기 채널을 이용하여 동기화되는 LED 조명의 내부 구성을 나타낸 것으로, WCDMA의 경우 이동통신 기지국과 이동단말기 간의 동기를 위해서 동기 채널(Synchronization Channel : SCH 채널)을 이용한다. Figure 4 is a WCDMA (Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access) synchronous to using the channel showing the internal configuration of the LED light are synchronized, the synchronization channel (Synchronization Channel In the case of WCDMA for synchronization between the mobile communication base station and a mobile terminal of: SCH uses the channel). SCH 채널은 셀 검색을 위한 용도로 사용되며, 동기 신호를 10ms마다 송신한다. SCH channel is used for the purpose of the cell search, and transmits the synchronization signal every 10ms. 이러한 동기 신호는 매 타임 슬롯의 처음 256칩 구간을 점유하는 확산 시퀀스로 이루어져 있으며, 이 시퀀스는 모든 시스템 상에서 정합 필더 구현이 가장 용이하도록 설정되어 있다. The synchronization signal consists of a spreading sequence which occupies the first 256-chip period of each time slot, this sequence is set such that the most easily matched filters implemented on all systems.
상기와 같은 WCDMA의 동기 채널을 수신하기 위한 본 도면의 LED 조명의 내부 구성은 크게 이동통신 수신부(41), 정보처리 제어부(42), LED 구동 회로부(43), LED 배열부(44), 전달정보부(45)로 구성되며, 이동통신 수신부(41)는 RF(Radio Frequency) 안테나(401), 다운 컨버터(403), A/D(Analog to Digital) 컨버터(405), CDMA 디코더(407)로 구성된다. Internal structure of the LED lighting of the drawing for receiving the WCDMA of the synchronization channel as described above is largely a mobile communication receiver 41, the information processing control section (42), LED drive circuit (43), LED array 44, passes to consist of information unit 45, a mobile receiver 41 is RF (Radio Frequency) antenna 401, a down-converter (403), a / D (Analog to Digital) converter (405), CDMA decoder 407 It is configured. 이동통신 수신부(41)는 수신되는 동기 채널을 분석하여 동기 신호를 추출하게 된다. The mobile receiver 41 is to extract the synchronization signal by analyzing the received synchronization channel.
도 4를 참조하면, 이동통신 수신부(41)는 이동통신망의 특정 기지국으로부터 동기 채널을 수신하여 수신된 동기 채널을 분석하여 동기 신호를 추출하는 역할을 담당한다. 4, the mobile receiver 41 is responsible for extracting the synchronization signal by analyzing the received synchronization channel to receive the synchronization channel from a particular base station in a mobile communication network. 좀 더 자세하게는 RF 안테나(401)를 통하여 이동통신망의 특정 기지국으로부터 동기 채널을 수신하여 다운 컨버터(403)로 송신하는 역할을 한다. More particularly, it serves to transmit and receive a synchronization channel from a particular base station of the mobile communication network through the RF antenna 401, a down-converter 403. 다운 컨버터(403)로 수신된 동기 채널은 낮은 주파수의 동기 채널로 변환되고, A/D 컨버터(405)로 송신된다. The synchronization channel received by the down converter 403 is converted into a synchronization channel of low frequency is transmitted to the A / D converter 405. A/D 컨버터(405)에서 동기 채널을 아날로그에서 디지털 값으로 변환하여 CDMA 디코더(407)로 송신하며, CDMA 디코더(407)는 수신되는 동기 채널을 디코딩하여 동기 신호를 추출한다. A / D converting a synchronization channel in a converter 405 from analog to digital values and transmits a CDMA decoder 407, CDMA decoder 407 extracts the synchronization signal by decoding a sync channel is received.
이렇게 추출된 동기 신호는 정보처리 제어부(42)로 송신되고, 정보처리 제어부(42)는 수신된 동기 신호를 LED 조명의 주 동기 신호로 설정하는 역할을 담당한다. The thus extracted synchronization signals are transmitted to the information processing control section 42, the information processing control section 42 is responsible for setting the received synchronizing signal to the primary synchronization signals of the LED light. 정보처리 제어부(42)는 전달정보부(45)로부터 수신되는 LED 조명 ID를 비롯한 다양한 전달 정보를 수신하고, 동기 신호를 이용하여 데이터 프레임이 송신될 타임 슬롯을 결정하고 데이터 프레임 및 가시광 프레임을 생성한다. The information processing control section 42 receives a variety of delivery information including the LED lighting ID received from the transmission information section 45, and using the synchronization signal determining the time slot the data frame to be transmitted and generate a data frame and a visible frame . 생성된 하나 이상의 프레임들은 LED 구동회로부(43)로 송신되고, LED 구동회로부(43)에서는 수신된 하나 이상의 프레임들을 이용하여 LED 구동 여부 및 시점을 결정하게 된다. The generated one or more frames are determined, and whether the LED driving time using one or more frames received is sent to the LED driving circuit 43, LED drive circuit 43. 이후 하나 이상의 프레임들은 LED 배열부(44)로 송신되어 광 신호의 형태로 이동단말기로 송신된다. After one or more frames are sent to the LED array unit 44 it is transmitted to the mobile terminal in the form of an optical signal.
하나의 조명 그룹에 포함되어 있는 복수의 LED 조명은 서로 다른 ID를 가지고 있으며, 서로 다른 ID를 기반으로 동기 신호를 이용하여 데이터 프레임을 전송할 타임 슬롯을 결정하게 된다. A plurality of LED light that is included in the light group is has a different ID, are to one another using a synchronization signal based on another ID determine the time slot to transmit the data frame. 이렇게 되면 중복되는 타임 슬롯이 발생하지 않게 되므로, 충돌 없이 순차적으로 데이터 프레임의 송신이 가능하게 된다. This would avoid redundancy of the time slot that does not occur, it becomes possible to sequentially transmit the data frame without a collision.
도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 동기화된 LED 조명을 이용하여 데이터를 송신하는 과정을 나타낸 흐름도이다. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for transmitting data by using the synchronization LED light in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
도 5를 참조하면, 501단계에서 LED 조명 램프의 ID를 확인한다. 5, to determine the ID of the LED light lamp in the 501 step. 각각의 LED 조명 램프는 자신의 고유 ID를 가지고 있다. Each of the LED illumination lamp has its own unique ID. 이렇게 확인된 ID는 추후에 동기화된 타임 슬롯의 적용에 사용된다. The thus confirmed ID is used for the application of the time-slot synchronization in the future. 503단계에서 LED 조명 램프는 이동통신 수신부로부터 동기 신호가 수신되는지의 여부를 확인한다. LED lamps in step 503 checks whether or not the synchronizing signal is received from the mobile receiver. 동기 신호는 이동통신 기지국을 통하여 수신될 수 있으며 일정한 주기로 수신된다. Synchronization signal may be received via the mobile communication base station and is received at regular intervals. 만약 동기 신호가 수신되지 않는다면 517단계로 진행하여 종래와 같이 데이터를 송신할 타임 슬롯을 랜덤하게 설정하고, 513단계로 진행하여 랜덤하게 설정된 타임 슬롯을 바탕으로 가시광 프레임과 데이터 프레임을 생성한다. If you do the synchronization signal is not received, proceed to step 517 to set the random time slot to transmit the data as in the prior art, and produces a visible frame and a data frame on the basis of a randomly established time slot control proceeds to step 513. 이후 515단계로 진행하여 생성된 가시광 프레임과 데이터 프레임을 이동단말기가 수신하도록 송신한다. Since the visible frame and the data frame generating process proceeds to step 515 and transmits the mobile terminal to receive. 이러한 경우에는 타임 슬롯이 랜덤하게 설정되어 있으므로 이동단말기의 수신부에서 수신되는 데이터 간 충돌이 발생할 수 있다. In such cases, because the time slot is set at random may cause a conflict between the data received by the receiver of the mobile terminal.
만약 이동통신 기지국과 같은 이동통신망으로부터 동기 신호가 수신되고 있다면, 505단계로 진행하여 수신되는 동기 신호가 하나 이상인지의 여부를 판단한다. If the synchronization signal is received from the mobile communication network, such as a mobile communication base station, it is determined whether or not the at least one synchronization signal is received the process advances to step 505. 만약 하나의 동기 신호가 수신되고 있다면 509단계로 진행하여 수신되는 동기 신호를 이용하여 동기화된 타임 슬롯을 준비한다. If one if the synchronizing signal is received to prepare a time slot synchronized by a synchronization signal is received the process advances to step 509. 만약 복수의 동기 신호가 수신되고 있다면 507단계로 진행하여 수신되는 복수의 동기 신호 중 신호의 세기가 가장 강한 동기 신호를 선택한다. If a plurality of the synchronization signal is received and selects, if a plurality of the synchronization signal of the intensity is the strongest synchronization signal of the received signal proceeds to step 507. 둘 중 하나를 선택하는 이유는 각 이동통신 기지국마다 송신하는 동기 신호의 정보가 다르므로 어느 쪽의 동기 신호를 이용할 것인가에 대한 판단이 필요하기 때문이다. The reason for selecting one of them is that carries different information of the synchronization signals transmitted to each mobile communication base station requires a determination of whether to use a synchronization signal of either.
이동통신 기지국은 보통 1Km의 간격으로 분포되어 있으며, 이는 LED 조명을 이루는 간격에 비하여 매우 넓은 간격이기 때문에 인접한 하나 이상의 LED 조명은 수신되는 동기 신호 중 그 세기가 가장 큰 동기 신호를 이용하여 동기화를 수행한다. Mobile communication base station is usually, and are distributed at intervals of 1Km, which performs synchronization with a very wide interval is adjacent to one or more LED light receiving its strength is largest synchronizing signal of the synchronizing signals, because, compared to the gap forming the LED light do. 즉 하나의 이동통신 기지국으로부터 수신되는 동기 신호를 이용하여 특정 영역에 위치한 복수의 LED 조명 간의 데이터 전송을 위한 동기를 맞출 수 있다. That is, using the synchronizing signal received from a mobile communication base station can be adjusted to the synchronous data transfer between the plurality of LED light in a particular area.
신호의 세기가 가장 강한 동기 신호를 선택하였다면, 509단계로 진행하여 동기화된 타임 슬롯을 준비한다. If the intensity of the signal selecting the strongest synchronization signal, to prepare a synchronized time slot control proceeds to step 509. 이후 501단계에서 확인한 LED 조명 램프의 ID를 근거로 하여 511단계에서 타임 슬롯의 어느 구간을 데이터 전송에 이용할 것인지를 결정한다. The ID of the LED illumination lamp determined in step 501 since the basis to determine whether to use a certain interval of time slots in step 511 for data transmission. 동일한 그룹 내에 위치한 LED 조명의 ID가 모두 다르므로, 하나의 타임 슬롯에 하나의 데이터 프레임만이 실려 송신된다. Vary both the ID of the LED lights located in the same group, only one data frame is sent carried on one time slot. 513단계에서 가시광 프레임과 데이터 프레임을 생성하고, 515단계에서 생성된 가시광 프레임과 데이터 프레임을 이동단말기가 수신하도록 송신하여 이동단말기의 수신부에서는 충돌없이 데이터를 수신할 수 있다. In step 513, generate a visible frame and a data frame, and can receive data without collision in the reception of mobile terminal by sending the mobile a visible frame and a data frame generated in step 515 to receive the terminal.
상기의 흐름도를 바탕으로 하여 인접한 LED 조명 간 동기화된 타임 슬롯을 이용한 데이터 송신의 일 예를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. Looking at the example of the data transmitted by the adjacent LED light between the synchronized time slot on the basis of the flowchart of: a.
도 6은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 동기화된 타임 슬롯을 기반으로 데이터 전송의 수행을 나타낸 도면이다. 6 is a diagram showing the performance of the synchronization based on the time slot in accordance with one embodiment of the invention the data transfer.
도 6을 참조하면, 이동통신망을 통하여 수신되는 동기 신호를 이용하여 타임 슬롯을 동기화하여 하나의 타임 슬롯에 하나의 LED 조명의 데이터 프레임만이 실려 송신되도록 하여 둘 이상의 LED 조명으로부터 동시에 데이터 프레임이 수신되어 발생되는 충돌을 방지한다. Referring to Figure 6, a simultaneous reception of data frames from two or more LED lights to ensure that the transmission carried only data frames of the LED light in one of the time slots to synchronize the time slots with a sync signal is received through the mobile communication network It is to prevent a collision occurring. 도 6에서는 제1 타임 슬롯에는 제1 LED 조명의 데이터 프레임이 송신되고, 제2 타임 슬롯에는 제2 LED 조명의 데이터 프레임이 송신되도록 타임 슬롯을 동기화는 과정을 도시하고 있다. Figure 6 illustrates the first time slot, the first transmission data frames of the LED lighting is the second time slot, a synchronization time slot to transmit the data frame of the second LED illumination process. 데이터 프레임이 송신되지 않는 타임 슬롯에는 가시광 프레임을 송신한다. Time slot the data frame is not transmitted, the visible light and transmits the frame.
이동통신 기지국은 동기 신호를 주기적으로 송신하므로, 하나 이상의 LED 조명은 동기 신호가 주기적으로 수신될 때마다 상기와 같이 정해진 타임 슬롯에 데이터 프레임을 실어 이동단말기로 송신하고, 나머지 타임 슬롯에는 가시광 프레임 실어 이동단말기로 송신한다. Mobile communication base stations so transmits the synchronization signal periodically, each time one or more LED lighting is the synchronization signal to be received periodically put the data frame to a predetermined time slot as described above and transmitted to the mobile terminal, it has put the visible frame, the remaining time slots and it transmits to the mobile terminal.
한편 상기한 본 발명의 설명에서는 구체적인 실시 예에 관해 설명하였으나 여러 가지 변형이 본 발명의 범위를 벗어나지 않고 실시될 수 있다. In the description of the present invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof it may be made without various modifications depart from the scope of the invention. 따라서 본 발명의 범위는 설명된 실시 예에 의하여 정할 것이 아니고 청구범위와 청구범위의 균등한 것에 의하여 정하여져야 할 것이다. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not determined by the described embodiment will have to be appointed by that one of the claims and equivalents claims.
상기 동기 채널이 수신되면, 가장 강한 신호 세기를 갖는 동기 채널을 선택하는 과정을 포함하는 동기화된 데이터 제공 방법. When receiving the synchronization channel, the synchronization data providing method comprising the step of selecting the synchronization channel having the strongest signal strength.
상기 이동 단말기와 동기화를 위해 사용하는 상기 동기 채널을 상기 LED 조명 장치로 주기적으로 송신하는 동기화된 데이터 제공 방법. Synchronized data providing method for periodically transmitting the synchronization channel used for the mobile terminal and synchronize to the LED lighting device.
상기 LED 조명 장치와, 상기 LED 조명 장치에 인접한 적어도 하나의 LED 조명 장치는 하나의 조명 그룹에 포함되며, 각각의 LED 조명 장치는 서로 다른 ID를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 동기화된 데이터 제공 방법. And the LED lighting device, the LED illumination device adjacent to the at least one LED lighting device are included in one light group, each of the LED lighting device is a synchronized data service, characterized by having a different ID.
상기 인접한 적어도 하나의 LED 조명 장치의 고유 ID를 기반으로 데이터 프레임을 전송하기 위한 타임 슬롯을 선택하는 동기화된 데이터 제공 방법. Synchronized data providing method of the adjacent selecting at least one time slot for transmitting a data frame based on the unique ID of the LED lighting device.
상기 LED 조명 장치는 상기 데이터 프레임이 전송되는 타임 슬롯과 다른 타임 슬롯에서 조명으로서 가시광 프레임을 송신하는 동기화된 데이터 제공 방법. The LED illumination device is synchronized data providing method for transmitting the visible light as an illumination frames in a time slot and other time slots to which the data frame is transmitted.
상기 이동 통신망에서 하나 이상의 기지국으로부터 동기 채널이 수신되는지 결정하고, 상기 동기 채널이 수신되면, 가장 강한 신호 세기를 갖는 동기 채널을 선택하는 LED 조명 장치. LED illumination device to determine whether the received synchronization channel from one or more base stations in the mobile communication network, and when receiving a synchronization channel, and selecting a synchronization channel having the strongest signal strength.
상기 수신된 동기 채널을 디코딩하여 상기 동기 신호를 추출하기 위한 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) 디코더를 포함하는 LED 조명 장치. LED lighting device that decodes the received synchronization channel including (Code Division Multiple Access) CDMA decoder for extracting the sync signal.
상기 이동 통신망으로부터 상기 동기 채널을 주기적으로 수신하는 LED 조명 장치. LED lighting device that receives the synchronization channel periodically from the mobile communication network.
상기 LED 조명 장치와, 상기 LED 조명 장치에 인접한 적어도 하나의 LED 조명 장치는 하나의 조명 그룹에 포함되며, 각각의 LED 조명 장치는 서로 다른 ID를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 LED 조명 장치. The LED illumination device, and at least one LED lighting device adjacent to the LED illuminator LED lighting apparatus characterized in that is included in one of the lighting groups, each of which has a different ID is LED lighting device.
상기 LED 조명 장치에 인접한 적어도 하나의 LED 조명 장치의 고유 ID를 기반으로 데이터 프레임을 전송하기 위한 타임 슬롯을 선택하는 LED 조명 장치. LED lighting device adjacent to the LED lighting device, select a time slot for transmitting a data frame based on the unique ID of the at least one LED lighting device.
상기 LED 조명 장치는 상기 데이터 프레임이 전송되는 타임 슬롯과 다른 타임 슬롯에 조명으로서 가시광 프레임을 송신하는 LED 조명 장치. The LED illumination device is LED lighting device that transmits the frame as a visible light on a time slot and other time slots to which the data frame is transmitted.
상기 동기 채널이 수신되면, 가장 강한 신호 세기를 갖는 동기 채널을 선택하는 과정을 포함하는 방법. When receiving the synchronization channel, the method comprising the step of selecting the synchronization channel having the strongest signal strength.
상기 LED 조명 장치는 서로 다른 동기화된 타임 슬롯으로 조명으로서의 빛과 데이터로서의 빛을 전송하는 방법. The LED illumination device is a method of transmitting the light as light as one trillion people and data in different time slots are synchronized.
상기 선택된 타임 슬롯은 상기 데이터 프레임으로서의 빛과 조명으로서의 빛 둘 다 전송하는데 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법. The selected time slot is characterized in that used for transmitting both light and light as light as the data frame.
상기 LED 조명 장치는 LED 조명 장치들의 그룹 중 하나이며, 상기 그룹에서의 각 LED 조명 장치는 고유 ID를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법. The LED lighting device is one of a group of LED lighting device, each the LED lighting device in the group, characterized in that has a unique ID.
상기 동기 신호는 WCDMA(Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access) 동기 채널인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법. The synchronization signal is characterized in that the WCDMA (Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access) the synchronization channel.
상기 이동 통신망으로부터 동기 신호가 수신되지 않으면, 상기 데이터 프레임의 전송을 위한 타임 슬롯을 임의로 선택하는 과정을 더 포함하는 방법. If the synchronizing signal is not received from the mobile communication network, the method further comprising the step of randomly selecting a time slot for transmission of the data frame.


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MN Renaissance Fair Manager Accused of Sexual Assault
Comstock, Thinkstock
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) -- A manager at the Minnesota Renaissance Festival is charged with two counts of felony criminal sexual conduct after allegedly raping a woman on the fairgrounds last fall.
Scott County prosecutors say Carr Hagermann, the 59-year-old artistic director of the annual fair, attacked a woman who was working as a freelance photographer. According to the criminal complaint filed this week, he repeatedly beat, raped and sodomized the woman in a storage room.
John Klassen, a Minneapolis attorney representing the woman, says that other female festival employees have made allegations against Hagerman. He says the alleged attack is one of the most vicious he's dealt with in his career.
Defense attorney Piper Kenney tells The Associated Press on Friday the allegations against Hagermann are "he said, she said.''
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Filed Under: Renaissance Fair Manager, sexual assault
Categories: AP Stories, State/Regional News

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Kelcie's love of fashion was the centerpiece for her one of a kind marriage proposal in New York City. This amazing day all started with a shopping tour of New York City's famous SoHo neighborhood. The couple then took a private car across the river to the Brooklyn Museum where they enjoyed a private tour of the Gaultier fashion exhibit. Little did Kelcie know that's as they were making their way through the exhibit, our proposal team was transforming the foyer into a completely custom proposal spot. As they came to the end of the exhibit a table was now displayed with 8 pairs of shoes, one pair for each year of their relationship. Bo led Kelcie down the line of shoes, revealing the highlights of their relationship on the inside of each shoebox. A final pair of shoes displayed the message "Marry Me" on the bottom. Bo proposed and Kelcie said yes! We are thrilled to have our couples wonderful proposal featured on How He Asked! Check out the post here. Congratulations Bo and Kelcie!
Thanks to Craig Warga for the great photos!


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Solid State Preamp Reviews
Krell KBL preamplifier Page 2
Unlike the problems I experienced with the first Krell KSA-250 power amplifier review sample, installation of the KBL went without a hitch. Although I preferred to place the KBL atop the stereo cabinetry, Puffin the Pouncer (a very large domestic longhair cat) seemed to enjoy sleeping on the KBL; my visions of exploding preamps in the night forced a move to a lower, less cat-able location (footnote 1). Unlike many preamps that I have owned or auditioned, the KBL's rear panel is very clearly labeled; connections can be easily accomplished with an angled dentist's mirror. The "blind finger-touch and plug-in technique" can also be performed, because there's lots of room between all inputs and outputs (unlike those damn female Camac receptacles crowded together at the rear of the Levinson No.26). Experimentation showed that the power supply is best located at least a foot away from the preamp module, and power cords can indeed improve sonic performance.
So far, of all four AC cables auditioned—original Belden supplied with the preamp, Distech Power Bridge II, Music and Sound cable, and Tiffany power cable—the Tiffany seems to do the best job. Overall sonic presentation with the Tiffany is more open and dynamic than the other three, and soundstage is definitely more natural. Dan D'Agostino has more than once made it perfectly clear to me that he doesn't believe in sonic witchcraft (neither do I), and that fancy power cables don't necessarily sound better, just different. This time, however, it really does sound much better (footnote 2). Placing three Sumiko Navcom Silencers underneath the KBL (two in the rear, one in front center) also appears to significantly improve clarity and soundstage depth. It's interesting that these devices don't do very much for the Esoteric and Krell CD drives I've been auditioning, or my Levinson No.26 preamp.
Similar to other high-end preamps, the KBL takes a significant amount of time to reach sonic potential—in this case, four weeks. Listening during the first week was a waste of time. "Dull, cloudy, and covered" would be the best way to describe out-of-the-box performance. Over the next three weeks, frequency extension at both extremes began to expand, as well as soundstage dimensionality and dynamic impact. Although the manufacturer claims that serious listening can be done after a few days, my experience would suggest otherwise. Patience, I'm afraid, is a necessary ingredient with this product. (How many audiophiles do you know who can count patience among their virtues?)
Sonic philosophies...
In my review of the Krell KSA-250 power amplifier (January 1991, Vol.14 No.1), I came to the conclusion that, while the Levinson No.23 power amp could be sonically more engaging in some circumstances, the Krell bettered its competition in overall musical honesty. That same parallel can be drawn between the KBL and No.26 preamps. In absolute musical accuracy, the Krell clearly surpasses the Levinson on most counts. But the No.26 offers an alluring perspective that may well appeal to the listener who prefers highly vivid harmonic textures and impressive soundstage depth over an absolutely correct replica of the musical material. While the No.26 unquestionably gives a warmer, more richly colored sonic picture, the KBL supplies the listener with a more musically honest, but possibly less sonically exciting view of the performance.
This does not imply, however, that one is necessarily "better" than the other. Rather, these differences between two very good products suggest a clear divergence of sonic philosophies which may or may not appeal to the individual listener. Yes, in my opinion, the Krell supplies more of what actually went on during the recording session (footnote 3). For a musician, this is of utmost importance. But the microphone does not interpret musical performances in the same manner as the human ear, and the Krell's deadpan reflection of this may prove to be unrewarding, even irritating to some people.
As with any exceptional audio product, two planes of discussion diverge re. the KBL's performance: purely sonic parameters and musical accuracy. Sonically, the KBL follows Krell's signature of smoothness, top-to-bottom coherence, clarity, and incredible dynamic punch. At first casual listen, this preamp does not appear to have as wide or deep a soundstage as the Levinson No.26. But first impressions are not necessarily valid, and extended audition of the KBL vs the No.26 suggests that the No.26's deeper, wider perceived soundstage remains constant with all program material (similar to many tube products), placing a definite sonic stamp on every performance. The No.26 is also, subjectively, easier on the ears. There's a greater sense of space and ambience surrounding the musicians, along with a softening of all instrumental and vocal attacks.
Footnote 1: There's a famous story about the cat who liked to perch atop a certain person's Eagle 7 amplifier. One day, plagued by an indigestible hairball, the cat barfed into the amplifier, and the whole thing blew up, launching the unfortunate feline across the room.
Footnote 2: In fact, the Tiffany power cables also work wonders for the Krell KSA-250, KMA-300, Mark Levinson Nos.23 and 23.5 amplifiers, as well as the Levinson No.26 preamp. And speaking of witchcraft, I've got to tell you about a gizmo I picked up at last January's Las Vegas CES. It's manufactured by Coherent Systems, and is called "Electraclear, Model EAU-1." You're supposed to plug this contraption into the same AC mains serving your audio equipment (just like all those other "clocks" you've been reading about), with resultant sonic improvement. I hate to admit it, but this thing actually works; in fact, darn well. I won't dwell on specifics right now, but even my non-audiophile colleagues in the National Symphony who think all this high-end audio mania is total nonsense were impressed by the musical improvements this black box delivered.
Footnote 3: I qualify this by referring to recordings in which I and my colleagues have performed.
45 Connair Road
Orange, CT 06477-3650
www.krellonline.com
System Context
Rotel Michi P5 preamplifier
Ayre Acoustics K-3 preamplifier
Spatial Coherence TVA-1 preamplifier
MBL Noble Line N11 line preamplifier
Dan D'Agostino Master Audio Systems Momentum HD line preamplifier
Benchmark LA4 line preamplifier
Great American Sound Thaedra preamplifier
Pass Laboratories XP-22 line preamplifier
Exposure XVII preamplifier
Audia Flight FLS1 preamplifier
J E Sugden Masterclass LA-4 line preamplifier
AVM Ovation PA 8.2 modular preamplifier
Rotel RC-850 preamplifier
NAD Monitor Series 1300 preamplifier
Parasound P/FET-900 preamplifier
A Preamplifier Faceoff: Ayre & PS Audio


text:
Other Historical Articles
Note: Many articles
open as Word Files
Camp Atterbury
to Normandy
Les Fleurs de la Memoire
Standing Night Watch
on Omaha Beach
of the Bornes
Normandy / Brittany Adoption Program
They Are Adopted
Dates in 30th Infantry History
Origin of the 30th Division Shoulder Patch
History of the 30th Division Path (pdf)
Unit Commanders
Presidential Unit Citations
Battalion T/O & E
Radio/Telephone Call Signs, 1944
in WWII
V-Mail:
the Wonder
of WWII
Personal Views
EXERCISE TIGER
Marshall Letter
History of Old Hickory
The Jews
How It Was:
How It Was II
Death Train
at Farsleben
WWI & WWII
The 113th F.A.
Bn. Disaster
The Battle of St. Lo & The Breakout
Camp Blanding:
Camp Blanding in War & Peace
Camp Blanding Museum and Memorial Park
Army Organization
in the 30th
Mortain to the Seine
Seine Bridgehead
to the Siegfried Line
Troop Ship Crossings
SS Argentina
SS Brazil
USS John Ericsson
Magdeburg Revisited
3rd Battalion, 117th Regiment History in ETO
The 30th Infantry Division was 'nick-named' after Andrew Jackson, who was a tough old Indian fighter and backwoodsman of the Revolutionary War era, and was consequently popularly called "Old Hickory". Later, his decisive victory as Major General of the U.S. Forces in the Battle of New Orleans against the British, then, storming Pensacola (Florida), and driving the British permanently out of this area, gave him great national recognition and popularity.
Immediately after the purchase of Florida from Spain, Andrew "Old Hickory" Jackson was appointed the first Federal Territorial Governor of Florida, then went on to become a U.S. Senator in 1823, and then became the 7th President of the United States, including Florida in 1828, and was re-elected again in 1832.
The 30th Division was created on July 18, 1917, and was formally activated into Federal service in August 1917 at Camp Sevier, South Carolina, and was composed of National Guard units from North and South Carolina and Tennessee.
The Division was named after the famed and illustrious soldier and President, Andrew "Old Hickory" Jackson, who was born near the North/South Carolina border, and rising to fame in Tennessee, where he provided some regional flavor to the tightly knit group of soldiers that he led there during the Indian Wars.
The Division's logo is an obvious link to this heritage, being represented by an "O" and "H" with the Roman Numeral "XXX" in Royal Blue on a background of Scarlet Red in the center. During World War I, the shoulder patch (logo) was worn horizontally, which actually was the incorrect orientation, which was not discovered and corrected until the mid 1920's.
The 30th Division served overseas with the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I, and on 29 September 1918, distinguished itself in the Somme Offensive by smashing its way through the famed and so called impregnable 'Hindenburg Line', a victory that hastened the end of World War I. It also participated in the Battles of La Selle, St. Mihiel and in the Meuse-Argonne, and during these battles, its men were awarded twelve (12) Congressional Medals of Honor.
After World War I, the 30th Division was deactivated from Federal service and reverted back to its National Guard role in its respective States.
Again in September 1940, the 30th Infantry Division, composed of the National Guard troops of North & South Carolina, Tennessee and Georgia, was inducted into Federal service at Ft. Jackson, S.C., also named after Andrew Jackson. Here it spent over one year in organizing and preliminary training.
Later, the 30th Infantry Division received a major part of its advanced training at Camp Blanding, near Starke, Florida, to where it had been transferred in October of 1942, and remained there until the summer of 1943, after losing most of its trained Officers and Men to cadre new divisions throughout the country. After receiving replacements from nearly every State in the union, the Division continued its training during 1943 at Camp Blanding, Florida, Camp Forrest Tennessee and Camp Atterbury, Indiana, where it made its final preparations prior to moving overseas up until February of 1944.
On 12 February 1944, the 30th Infantry Division sailed for Europe, and settled on the south coast of England to participate in further training for the coming invasion of the Continent "at some time in the future".
In June of 1944, after being fully trained and prepared for the greatest invasion of all times, the 30th Infantry Division started crossing the English Channel to France on 6 June, D-Day, to replace some of the units of the 29th Infantry Division which had become almost immediately lost during the initial attack of the invasion, and then the balance of the Division went into the beaches of Normandy, Omaha Beach on D plus 4, the 10th of June and up through the 15th, and was almost immediately committed into combat against the experienced German Army.
During combat, the 30th Infantry Division was known as the "Workhorse of the Western Front". It was also familiarly known as "Roosevelt's SS Troops", so named by the German High Command because of the consistent vigor and terrific pressure the 30th Infantry Division brought to bear on Hitler's 'elite' 1st SS Division. The German 'elite' 1st SS Division was the main force of resistance just prior to the breakthrough at St. LO, and again at Mortain, which the 30th Infantry Division literally tore to shreds, thereby allowing Gen. George Patton's armored forces of the U.S. Third Army to go forward and race across France, thereby shortening the war by many months. The German 1st SS Division was then reorganized over the next few months, and was again faced by the 30th Infantry Division in the "Battle of the Bulge", during the great Ardennes-Alsace Offensive, near Malmedy, Belgium, during the winter of 1944-45. Again the 30th Infantry Division tore to shreds this 'elite' enemy division, which was never again to return to battle.
The 30th Infantry Division was initially organized and engaged in its early training under the command of Maj. Gen. Henry D. Russell, followed by Maj. Gen. William Simpson, who later became the U.S. Ninth Army Commander, to which the 30th Infantry Division was attached. Later, the division spent the rest of its training days under the command of Maj. Gen. Leland S. Hobbs, and it remained under his command throughout the entire war, including the days when the link-up was made with the Russian Army at Magdeburg, Germany on the Elbe River in April of 1945.
Immediately following the end of the war, the 30th Infantry Division spent the next two months in Occupation on the border of Czechoslovakia and Germany.
Shortly after the end of their Occupation duties, in early August 1945, the 30th Infantry Division returned to the United States on the Queen Mary and the USS General Black, and was soon deactivated at Ft. Jackson, S.C. on 25 November 1945.
Thus ended the illustrious service of the 30th Infantry Division in WWII.
Frank W. Towers © 1985
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Please feel free to get in touch if you'd like to enquire or be notified of when Wolf and Moon | double crescent necklace | wood is expected to be available again.
We can't get enough of this range of stunning jewellery - every piece is a standout and they are all surprisingly lightweight too. This collection is inspired by modernist and abstract artists of the 20th century.
Size and Details: 45cm gold-plated chain with 1.8cm x 2.2cm pendant.


We've just opened the doors to a very special, exclusive club here at Schwarzkopf HQ. The lucky 250 members for the 2015 intake into the Schwarzkopf VIP Lounge will be given the opportunity to try out and give their insights on the latest products and ranges.
If you want to read more about our current crop of VIP Testers you can click here to view their profiles.
We'd like to take a moment first though to thank our wonderful 2014 VIP Testers – Pat H, Julie R, Kate E, Gemma P, Tasha B, Emma C, Sarah T, Jade E, Tracy K, Riona P, Jeanette G, Vicky C, Adele B, Becki P, Penny H, Candice H, Catherine W, Sam H, Claire D, Jackie N, Nicole B, Benjamin S, Dean F, Meg G, Angela A for their brilliant work throughout the whole of last year! Without their input we would not have been able to broaden our VIP Tester Programme and continue to improve our Schwarzkopf products.
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I love Schwarzkopf: Because of the huge choice available. There are so many hair colours to choose from and if I did fancy a complete hair overhaul I know I could rely on Schwarzkopf to have just what I need and want.
Shade 910 Pearl Blonde is a favourite of mine and not just for the colour results! I love how easy it is to mix and apply, it's so easy to do and is perfect for people who are new to DIY hair colouring. I have been colouring my hair for years but really like this form of application over the more traditional bottle mix dyes.
I love Schwarzkopf: I love Schwarzkopf products because no matter what I need for my hair, whether that be volume, or shine I can find a product that will meet my needs perfectly. Schwarzkopf makes my daily routine nice and easy.
I am naturally blonde, but I also colour my hair and bleach it to make it lighter. This toner came at a good time for me as I still had a fortnight before I was due to have my hair coloured again.
I found that this really helped to give me the boost and lift my hair needed. The mousse was easy to apply, was a good consistency and had a nice but not overpowering fragrance to it.
Thanks to all of our amazing 2014 VIP Testers! Make sure you check out the 2015 reviews as they come in.


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Definition - What does Insoluble mean?
The term insoluble refers to a substance that is unable to be dissolved in a solvent. A substance can either be soluble or insoluble, and its solubility capabilities is often based on the solvent in question (water vs. oils, for example).
An example of an insoluble substance is chalk. Chalk cannot be dissolved in water; it just forms small particles or chunks in the water and never truly liquefies. Sand is another substance that is considered insoluble.
Some substances such as certain vitamins are insoluble in water, but are soluble in fats. Vitamins A, D, and E are examples of insoluble vitamins that do not dissolve in water but become soluble in fat.
MaximumYield explains Insoluble
Insoluble substances often exist in garden fertilizers. Gardeners have to take into consideration the solubility of certain fertilizers before applying them. Many fertilizer companies state the solubility of the various fertilizers on the label of the fertilizer.
Oftentimes, mixing fertilizers, such as potassium nitrate together with potassium sulfate, decreases their solubility and renders them insoluble. Calcium, magnesium, and sulfate are all minerals used to fertilize plants, but it takes exact ratios of each to render them soluble. If the ratio is not exact, the minerals are insoluble. Mixing fertilizers together can also make insoluble salt formations, which can be harmful to plants.
Fertilizers that contain calcium will create insoluble salt when mixed with phosphate or sulfate.
Nutrients that are considered insoluble when mixed are kept separate until it is time to feed them to plants. This is why hydroponic formulas in particular are often sold in two parts: A and B formulas, and Grow and Bloom formulas.
This definition was written in the context of Gardening
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A recent poll conducted by Magellan Strategies shows ColoradoCare winning the battle of ideas when it comes to health care in Colorado.
Magellan, a nationally respected pollster that the Koch-brothers-backed Americans for Prosperity calls "a trusted partner" and that the Colorado Republican Committee calls "reliable and accurate," did the research that shows Coloradans support Amendment 69's universal health care plan regardless of which side of the argument they hear. The polls are bad news for Americans For Prosperity and the Colorado Republican Committee, both of whom have come out in opposition to ColoradoCare.
The polling results were part of the Denver Business Journal's comprehensive cover story on ColoradoCare at the end of May, which included the breaking news that the Magellan poll found a solid, winning majority of Colorado voters in support of Amendment 69.
Magellan's results are consistent with the ColoradoCareYES campaign's extensive polling of likely Colorado voters. If voters know nothing but the language on the ballot, the challenges are greater, but when they're given even a minimal explanation of the "Medicare-for-All" model, the odds soar in favor of a 'YES' vote on Amendment 69.
As the Business Journal reports, a little education goes a long way with voters. ColoradoCare maintains a winning majority even when the explanation is given in the language opponents of Amendment 69 use to try and defeat the initiative.
That strong support from millennials is especially important, given their status as the largest voting block in both the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections. Amendment 69 will appear on the 2016 November ballot, another presidential election.
What's not to like? ColoradoCare looked at the $30 billion Coloradans currently pay for health care, and found a way to lower the cost to $25 billion while providing universal coverage to ensure every Colorado resident has guaranteed full access to health care benefits that exceed the current standards under the Affordable Care Act. Amendment 69 offers a fiscally conservative solution that saves Coloradans a collective $4.5 billion or more each year compared to the current insurance model, and ColoradoCare includes no insurance premiums, no deductibles, and no co-pays for primary and preventive care.
The new plan is paid for primarily through a simple 3.33% payroll deduction for employees and by employers contributing 6.67% of payroll.
The winning trend supports the anecdotal evidence the campaign sees every day as Coloradans reject the fear-mongering and "untruths" of the opposition and make the informed decision to support an approach to health care that has been proven to work in every other industrialized country on the planet.
Amendment 69 offers a cost-saving solution to a corporate-insurance-controlled status quo health care system marked by skyrocketing premiums and deductibles that lead to hundreds of thousands of Coloradans going without health insurance and over 500 residents dying every year from the subsequent lack of treatment.
Colorado is poised to lead the country to make the kind of meaningful changes states have enacted throughout our nation's history. States led the fight to give women the right to vote, to enact child labor laws, to allow interracial marriage, to allow marriage equality, to establish a minimum wage, to legalize medical and recreational marijuana, and so much more. Colorado can lead again in offering equal access to quality health care for all our residents.
For more information on ColoradoCare and Amendment 69, visit ColoradoCare.org.
PNHP note: For a short PNHP analysis of Amendment 69, the Colorado ballot initiative, click here.


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Press Releases // January 30, 2018
Janelle Love
301-609-6538 or (240) 419-0646
Long, Jacari Trayvell
POSSESSION WITH INTENT TO DISTRIBUTE: On January 29 at approximately 11 p.m., an officer was conducting a patrol check at a convenience store on St. Ignatius Drive in Waldorf when he observed two subjects loitering at the corner of the building. The subjects left the area abruptly, after which another officer responded to check the area due to the subjects' suspicious behavior. The subjects were located near a gas station, at which time officers discovered one of them in possession of a quantity of marijuana packaged for distribution. Jacari Trayvell Long, 18, of Waldorf, was arrested and charged with possession with intent to distribute marijuana. PFC B. Virts investigated.
THEFT FROM MOTOR VEHICLES: Sometime between the hours of 12 a.m. and 6 a.m. on January 29, unknown suspect(s) entered several unlocked vehicles on Promenade Place, Spearfish Place, and Sugarberry Drive in Waldorf and stole property including a computer, phone chargers, and shoes. PFC M. O'Shields and PFC C. Gustafson are investigating.
SERIOUS MOTORCYLE CRASH: On January 27 at approximately 3:26 p.m., officers responded to Springhill Newtown Road near Spring Oak Drive in La Plata for the report of a motorcycle accident. Investigation revealed a motorcycle was travelling east on Springhill Newtown Road when the operator lost control for unknown reasons. The resulting crash severely injured the operator, a 56-year-old male of La Plata, and he was flown to a hospital for treatment. He is expected to recover. The Traffic Operations Unit investigated.
RECKLESS ENDANGERMENT: On January 27 at 1 p.m., officers responded to the 2800 block of Hackney Lane in Waldorf for the report of what appeared to be a bullet hole in the bathroom wall of the residence. Upon arrival, officers confirmed the homeowner's suspicion and recovered a bullet from the bathroom. The area was canvassed with negative results, and neither the victim nor neighbors reporting hearing gunshots recently. PFC N. Garner is investigating.
Charles County Crime Solvers offers rewards of up to $1,000 for information that leads to the arrest or indictment of a person responsible for a crime in Charles County. Anyone with information about an unsolved crime or the location of a fugitive may contact Charles County Crime Solvers by calling 1-866-411-TIPS. All individuals who provide tips through Crime Solvers will remain anonymous. Learn more at the CCSO's website.
The Charles County Sheriff's Office is a full-service law enforcement agency comprised of more than 600 police, corrections and civilian personnel responsible for protecting more than 150,000 residents. The CCSO was accredited by the Commission on the Accreditation of Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) in 2001 has been designated as a CALEA Gold Standard of Excellence agency since 2011. Established in 1658, the CCSO is one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the United States. For more information, visit www.ccso.us.


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Sound on Sound fest: full schedule, lineup changes, aftershows & more
The "new FFF fest" happens November 4-6 at the Sherwood Forest Faire, just East of Austin.
Rob Sperry-Fromm
Pussy Riot added to Sound on Sound Fest
Pussy Riot is the first announcement of the programming for the spoken word/comedy/podcast/panel stage of the festival.
Sound on Sound adds HEALTH, clipping., Bleached & more, reveals day-by-day lineups
The stacked, inaugural Sound on Sound festival (booked by former Fun Fun Fun booker Graham Williams) goes down from November 4-6 in McDade, TX (right outside Austin), and today the daily lineups have been announced. Some new bands were added too...
Sound on Sound (the new FFF) lineup: Beach House, EITS, RTJ, GBV, Descendents, Thursday, Y…
Also: Courtney Barnett, Death Grips, Young Thug, Mac DeMarco, Charles Bradley, Girls Against Boys, Dead Milkmen, FLAG, Touche Amore, Bob Mould, Baroness, Car Seat Headrest, Protomartyr, Beach Slang, White Lung and so many more.
WATERS released 'Out in the Light', playing shows, Fenway Recordings' CMJ (dates, LP strea…
DOWNLOAD: WATERS - For the One (MP3)
WATERS at Brooklyn Bowl in June (more by Jessica Amaya)
WATERS, the current project of fomer Port O'Brien frontman Van Pierszalowski, released their debut LP Out in the Light in the US on September 20 via TBD Records...


Venture capitalists invested about $5.1 billion into start-ups nationwide in Q2 2004, down 3.
Venture capitalists invested about $5.1 billion into start-ups nationwide in Q2 2004, down 3.3% from Q1 2004, according to Ernst & Young and Venture One. Silicon Valley companies raised $1.874 billion in Q2, little changed from the $1.869 billion raised the previous quarter.


The family of a teenager who died at Adelaide's Stereosonic music festival has paid tribute to a "fun-loving young man whose life had been cut so tragically short".
In a statement, the family of 19-year-old Stefan Woodward urged for change at festivals, including greater access to first aid and free water, to ensure no other family endures the same heartache.
Mr Woodward died on Saturday from a suspected drug overdose at the Adelaide leg of the festival.
Two others remain in critical condition after consuming drugs at the festival.
The same day, police released images of red and orange pills stamped with dollar symbols, which were found on Mr Woodward.
"Our family is devastated by our loss and we would do anything to have our son and brother back," Mr Woodward's mother, two brothers and stepfather said in a statement.
"Stefan finished a traffic management training course on Friday and was excited about getting an apprenticeship.
Mr Woodward worked at a supermarket while completing Year 13 at Seaton High School, in Seaton, South Australia.
He was also heavily involved in the Woodville Lacrosse Club.
The club paid tribute to Mr Woodward, who played for the division one team, describing him as "a sharp-shooting left-handed attackman".
Mr Woodward's family has urged friends to look out for each other and for event organisers to be better prepared with first aid in the future.
"More than anything I want something good to come of this tragedy," the family said.
"I want organisers of events like these to make sure there is enough first aid on offer to make sure that no-one gets turned away, and no-one feels they need to wait.
"I want friends to look after each other and make sure it's never considered weak to ask for help.
"I want authorities to make sure kids are kept safe with free water.
"And I want young boys and girls like Stefan to never be too scared to ask for help.
Independent senator Nick Xenophon has called for a coronial inquest into Mr Woodward's death.
The death comes a week after 25-year-old Sylvia Choi died at the Sydney Stereosonic festival of a suspected overdose.
This entry was posted in agen sabung ayam and tagged after, death, Don't, Family, help, scared, Speak, Stefan, Stereosonic, Woodward's. Bookmark the permalink.


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Double Vision III: Photocentric Paintings by Richard Heipp
Moudy Gallery - The Art Galleries at TCU
ENDED 30OCT 2019 - 30OCT 2019
Artist Richard Heipp explores the rich and evolving relationship between painting and photography. He is interested in perception, challenging the mechanisms of making paintings by hand, machine or the studied combination of both. His work also reflects on and challenges the functions of the eye as he positions viewers at the crossroads of looking and seeing.
As such Heipp describes his paintings as "photocentric" addressing the role photography plays in the way we perceive imagery. They are not intended to be merely based on mechanically produced images, but are instead highly crafted air-brushed simulations of photographs and or computer scanned images. At first glance Heipp's hyperrealistic works deceptively appear to be photographs or some type of digitally reproduced images, but closer inspection reveals this as an illusion.
"Double-Vision: Photocentric Paintings by Richard Heipp, 1974 - 2018" was the artist's first major retrospective exhibition. Curated by Adam Justice, of the Mint Museum, the exhibition was organized and originally shown at the Polk Museum of Art in Lakeland, FL in 2018. Selections from the exhibition then traveled to the University of North Carolina, Charlotte before coming to Moudy Gallery at TCU. The exhibition is accompanied by a 100-page, hard bound, book available in the gallery and through the University of Florida Press.
Richard Heipp is a Professor of Studio Art, specializing in painting at the School of Art and Art History at the University of Florida where he has been teaching art for 38 years.
Official Site Facebook Instagram Twitter
Moudy Buiding North · 2805 S. University Drive · Fort Worth, TX 76129
"What if I made it so beautiful it can make you cry?" Intricate sculptures at the Amon Carter
by Jerome Weeks 29 Dec 2021 |
Scary, cheerful monsters bare their teeth in Fort Worth artist's paintings
by Jerome Weeks 3 Jan 2022 |
by Gila Espinoza 18 Jan 2022 |


The moths emerge in March/April. On receipt of the pupae they should be refrigerated until spring. The moths form inside the cocoon in late winter. The moment the temperature rises, they burst forth, and it is inadvisable to let them do this too early, or any fertile eggs might hatch before there is any foodplant.
Because of modern practice of hedge management, this once common species is nowadays a rare find. Tight clipping of hedges destroys the habitat and undoubtedly the eggs and larvae.
Egg clusters are laid in batches, covered with black fluff from the tip of the female's abdomen, on branches of the foodplant Blackthorn Prunus spinosa or Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The larvae cluster, and even large larvae live within, and on the outsite of a prominent white tent of silk, very often at the end of a branch, with no attempt at concealment. It is likely that the larvae in captivity could be reared on Apple and Plum, though we have not tried these.
Don't be tempted to handle the larvae. They have short, decorative hairs, which easily come away and if they penetrate the skin, like short cactus prickles, this can give rise to intense irritation. No doubt this is why the larvae can afford to display themselves in the wild so openly. No predator will try to eat them once they learn, and the larvae are patterned in warning colours to advertise the danger.
To pupate, the larvae descend to form a tight cocoon with a smooth shell-like a nut, in concealed leaf litter or moss, where they spend the winter. In early spring, the moths are fully formed within the pupal shell, ready to emerge the moment they sense that conditions are right. If you take the nut-like cocoons from the cold and put them into room temperature, the moths will suddenly break open the ends of the cocoons and there will be a whole lot of moths in a very short time!
You might help to spread the species locally if you can find thorn hedges that are not regularly trimmed. Cocoons are immediately available. Keep them in the fridge until April. You will enjoy observing this species, in all its interesting stages, and maybe could introduce it to your area.


The Dressage Foundation's Board of Directors is pleased to announce the creation of a new Grant Fund to provide financial assistance to para-equestrian dressage riders. Donations to establish the Fund include a generous gift from the Lowell Boomer Family Charitable Remainder Unitrust.
The purpose of the Para-Equestrian Dressage Fund is to provide financial support for para-dressage riders to attend educational events, such as clinics at the USEF/USPEA Para-Equestrian Centers of Excellence (COE). One goal of the Fund is to reach and help grassroots and lower-level riders. As the Fund grows, future grants may also be available for instructors of para-dressage riders.
To ensure that grants are available for many years, The Dressage Foundation is organizing an online auction this summer to benefit the Para-Equestrian Dressage Fund. TDF is seeking donations of goods or services, and a variety of items are welcome! Please contact Jenny Johnson at (402)434-8585 or jenny@dressagefoundation.org if you would like to participate in the auction or would like to make a cash or stock donation directly to TDF's Para-Equestrian Dressage Grant Fund.


Lorain County Auditor Craig Snodgrass, right, and members of his staff meet with reporters on Jan. 25, 2019, to explain how property values around the county changed in the 2018 sexennial update. Some residents will see property tax increases while others see decreases based on the combination of property tax rates and values for 2018.
Lorain County Auditor Craig Snodgrass adjusts the papers that explain how property values around the county changed in the 2018 sexennial update. Snodgrass met with reporters on Jan. 25, 2019, and said some residents will see property tax increases while others see decreases based on the combination of property tax rates and values for 2018.
Property values are increasing around Lorain County, and some property tax bills are, too.
On Jan. 25, Lorain County Auditor Craig Snodgrass held his annual news conference explaining the process of determining the value of 166,036 parcels in the county.
In 2018, the reappraisal process, completed every six years, led to an average increase of 8.85 percent in the values of homes on 135,985 county properties.
That percentage stands for houses in the cities, villages and townships.
"The good news is, everybody had growth," Snodgrass said. "Each community had some growth, some more than others."
The largest average percentage changes took place in North Ridgeville, where values grew an average of 12.1 percent; Avon, 11.8 percent; Sheffield Lake, 10.8 percent; and Avon Lake, 10 percent.
But the countywide average does not mean everyone's property tax bills will go up by 8.85 percent, Snodgrass said.
The calculations can be confusing because as property values go up, the effective tax rate goes down, he said.
The borders of cities, villages and townships do not all match the borders with various school districts, so the same tax rates do not cover all the residents of a community.
In some places, property taxes will decrease due to the combination of property values and taxes on the books, Snodgrass said.
Each community and each property is different, so apart from the average increase in values, it becomes difficult to generalize about how residents' tax bills will change, he said.
"Every property's unique, has its own different thing that can affect it," Snodgrass said.
Residents in the school districts of Firelands, Oberlin and Vermilion, along with those in the cities of Amherst and Vermilion, may see the most dramatic changes on their tax bills.
Voters in those school districts approved various school taxes, with new bond issues to pay for schools in Oberlin and Firelands schools.
"Everywhere you see the Firelands school district, you're going to see an increase in taxes, just because of the levy," Snodgrass said about the spreadsheets outlining the places and tax rates of the county.
The auditor's staff created a number of examples showing how the property taxes and levies would affect a home valued at $100,000 in 2017, with taxes payable in 2018.
In the Firelands Schools district, voters said yes to a 3.78-mill bond issue to raise more than $24.48 million for new schools.
For example, a $100,000 house in Amherst and in Firelands school districts saw a 5.1 percent increase in value, leading to a new valuation of $105,100.
Based on the property taxes there, the tax bill would increase from $1,588.45 a year to $1,712.95 a year, a rise of $124.50.
In Amherst, a $3 million bond expired, so a tax rate of .57 mills no longer will be collected, according to the auditor's data.
A $100,000 house in Amherst and in the Amherst Schools district would have a 6.4 percent increase in value, leading to a new valuation of $106,400.
But based on the tax rates there, the property tax owed would dip from $1,905.41 to $1,903.03, a savings of $2.38, according to the auditor's figures.
In Elyria, the auditor's staff calculated examples for homes in the school districts of Elyria, Midview and Keystone.
It led to mixed results, so some property owners will see their property taxes rising and some will see them fall, according to the auditor's figures.
If taxpayers want to appeal the value of the property, they have until April 1 to file an appeal with the Lorain County Board of Revision.
In 2012, the last six-year update, residents filed 1,849 cases to the Board of Revisions.
Many property owners already know the change in valuation is coming.
The auditor's office sent out courtesy mailers and held informal hearings at four locations around the county.
Starting last August, a total of 3,219 people came out last year to talk about their property values, Snodgrass said.
In Lorain, the average property value increase was 6.9 percent.
The value of Snodgrass' home on Oak Point Estates in Lorain went up, from $255,650 for 2017 to $259,130 for 2018.
But the combination of property value and tax rate led to a property tax decrease for him, from $4,982.52 due for 2017, to $4,783.22 due this year for 2018, according to the auditor's records.
Lorain County Treasurer Daniel J. Talarek announced that 148,813 real estate tax and special assessment bills have been processed.
Taxpayers should receive their bill by the week of Jan. 21 with a due date of Feb. 15.
Payments will be accepted at the Lorain County Treasurer's Office 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday to Friday. The office is at the J. Grant Keys Lorain County Administration Building, 226 Middle Ave., Elyria.
Residents who pay by mail are timely if the payment is postmarked before or on Feb. 15.
Ohio law requires a 10 percent penalty fee be assessed to all payments postmarked after the due date.


If you're staring at worse-than-expected A-level results, and you've missed out on your uni offer, you may feel confused about what to do next – as well as disappointed.
The first thing to do is call up your university to check if they'll still let you in. If not, talk to your teachers. If you just missed a grade by a few marks, they may say it's worth requesting a re-mark (now called a "review").
If your exams results are too low for a specific course you really want to be on, resits might be a the better option. They can be expensive – registration fees and possible tuition costs mount up – and demand a lot of time, self-discipline and motivation. Check, too, that exam retakes will be accepted for the course you have your heart set on.
The third option is clearing – the matchmaking hotline that pairs students looking for a course with unis that have places available. Here we speak to students who took each of these paths.
Devan Nayar, 23, just graduated with a degree in economics from Swansea University.
I needed ABB for my top choice degree, economics at Liverpool, but on results day found out I'd got ABCD. Although my family were disappointed – and I'd attended a grammar school where As were the expectation - I'd known my exams hadn't gone well.
I wasn't a fan of doing another year of A-levels, so I went into clearing. It was a pretty hectic day. I got an offer for business economics from Liverpool that I wasn't sure about – and when I rang back 30 minutes later to accept, the course had been filled.
After three days of me phoning unis, my dad spotted an economics course at Swansea in clearing. I called up and got an offer. It wasn't the ideal start, but now I see clearing put me in the best situation in my life to date. I had an amazing time there, got a first, and start a graduate job with Lloyds Banking Group in September.
Clearing is part of the Ucas admissions process matching students with unfilled places at universities and colleges.
Scarlett Murray, 18, needed all As to secure a place on her dream course – English literature at the University of Bristol - but got a B in English literature.
I was completely shocked by my B – I'd got an A* in the mock exam, and had worked extremely hard. I knew all the set texts almost religiously. I hadn't had a sense of anything going wrong in the exam.
My immediate thought was that I was not good enough at English to study it at university. But my English teacher encouraged me to get a re-mark– he said he never thought we would be having this conversation.
The day my new grade came through was my birthday, 23 August. My English teacher phoned me and I screamed for joy; it was an A*. To anyone else in my situation, I'd say, if you have any doubt at all about your mark, get it re-marked. This is not the time to be modest about your own aptitude. I'm now really enjoying English at Bristol.
Before the start of year 12, Cynthia Royer, now 20, didn't know what to study at A-level.
Cynthia's teachers supported her plan to take IT and business BTecs in one year, rather than the usual two. "I was really in a hurry. I worked so hard, got my place on accountancy and finance at Sussex, and even got a scholarship.