text:
Boston City Hall
TV and Streaming
Music and Concerts
Restaurants Food & Drink
Celtics get to face more adversity
Biden to Canada: Drop dead
Biden releases COVID action plan
Viral Inauguration Day moments
Coronavirus variant in MA: Second case confirmed
Walker flew home with team after collision
BOSTON MA. – NOVEMBER 1:Marcus Smart #36 of the Boston Celtics is welcomed back to the bunchy Kemba Walker #8 of the Boston Celtics as the Celtics take on the Knicks at the Garden on November 1, 2019 in Boston, MA. The Celtics won the game 104-102. (Staff Photo By Stuart Cahill/MediaNews Group/Boston Herald)
By Steve Bulpett | Boston Herald
On Friday morning, I was chatting with Kemba Walker about Gordon Hayward. The Celtics had managed to go 2-2 on the trip to that point, and while the club had clearly struggled in some spots and needed Hayward's talents, Walker reached for a silver lining.
"I mean, you always miss one of your better guys, but it's just the circumstance right now," he said. "He's injured. But I think it gives us a lot of confidence to understand that we can still compete with anybody when he's gone. So when he comes back, I mean, we're just going to be that much better, you know? So that's what it's about. I can't wait 'til he gets back, personally."
A dozen hours later, the Celtics were staring down the prospect of being without Walker a while.
The NBA comes at you fast.
In the second quarter of Friday's 96-92 loss in Denver, Walker darted into the lane and deflected a Jamal Murray pass intended for Nikola Jokic. The ball was knocked to Marcus Smart, and Walker, now head down, continued on until he came in contact with the block of granite that is Semi Ojeleye's chest.
The All-Star point guard went down and lay motionless on his left side until and for a good while after medical personnel rushed onto the court. A backboard was quickly called for, and eventually Walker's neck was stabilized, and he was taken from the court in a stretcher. (It's worth noting that Walker had neck problems this past summer when playing for Team USA in the FIBA World Cup.)
From that point, the news seemed to get better. Before leaving for the hospital, Walker was still in the ambulance at halftime when Brad Stevens came to check on him. The scans had produced positive results, and when Walker told his coach he was fine, Stevens later felt relieved enough to recount that conversation and crack, "But now I know he's lying all the time."
Walker was released from the hospital late Friday and rejoined the Celts at their hotel. He was able to fly home with the team Saturday and was to be examined further.
No prognosis or timetable had yet been released, but it was clear the Celtics were preparing to be without another key player.
But this has thus far been a team of great resolve. It goes against general NBA practice by failing to let down defensively when a cold streak of shooting occurs. And there were numerous opportunities for such deflation on this trip, where even the wins over Golden State and Phoenix included periods of chill.
But in all five outings, the C's stayed in the fight. The losses to Sacramento, the Clippers and Denver were by a combined eight points.
"We had (five) games in (eight) days on the road on the West Coast, and everybody is banged up," said Smart. "Everybody is bruised. We got down. We could have quit. It just shows this team, we kept fighting. Everybody came in, contribute and help. (We) just came up short."
With Hayward still some four weeks away on the outside from a return from his broken left hand and now the Walker situation, others will have to take on different and larger roles.
When the subject turned to the importance of Jaylen Brown and Jayson Tatum, Stevens said, "Everything they do is valuable. But they're not young in a lot of ways anymore, and we need them to be playing like veterans in a lot of ways. But every experience… I think what this does is shows those other guys, you know, Carsen Edwards and Grant (Williams) and Javonte Green, VP (Vincent Poirier) and the new guys, it shows them, like, who you're around, and that's a good thing."
On Friday, it was Brad Wanamaker who helped lead the charge that took the Celts out of their post-injury fog and eventual 19-point deficit and deliver them to within a point with a few minutes left.
"He was great," said Stevens, whose esteem for Wanamaker appears to be growing by the day. "He's been one of our best players on the trip, bench or starters. He's been one of our best players, and he really gave us a chance."
The encouraging news on Walker allowed the Celtics to think a little more about basketball when Stevens addressed them afterward.
"He said every possession matters," recalled Brown. "We put ourselves in a hole a little bit early by the way we played, but he actually applauded us. We could have quit or gave up, and we had a chance to win the game.
"With those guys we've got in this group — Marcus Smart, (Daniel) Theis, JT, the guys that have been here, Brad Wanamaker, who has been playing great — the makeup we have in this locker room, we all always have a chance to win, because we have some true fighters and warriors on this team."
With a second starter now out, said fighters will have to fortify their armor for the upcoming campaigns.
Howie Carr: Thanks for everything, President Trump
Boston 'Straight Pride Parade' organizer Mark Sahady jailed, Natick politician Sue Ianni free following arrests for US Capitol siege
Text: Read the complete text of President Trump's farewell address
Biden mandates masks on federal property, reverses key Trump policies after inauguration
Vitamin D can help reduce coronavirus risk by 54%: Boston University doctor
Loughlin's husband pleads to get out of prison, as fellow college scam defendant wins pardon
Woman wanted for allegedly stealing Nancy Pelosi's laptop arrested
President Biden to Canada: Drop dead
Howie Carr: Operation Warp Speed need to cure TDS
Steve Bulpett | Sports Reporter
Steve Bulpett is in his 35th season covering the Celtics. In addition to being the dean of NBA beat writers in continuous service with a team, he's also followed the Celtics as a home and away beat longer than anyone in franchise history. The native of Lynn and Swampscott is a graduate of the University of Dayton, where he pursued dreams of playing basketball and becoming a lawyer. Reality intervened on the court, but he found a way to stay involved in the game. He left UD with an intramural hoop championship (teammates with sportscaster Dan Patrick) and a journalism degree. In recent years, Steve has received APSE national Top 10 honors in feature writing and as both a beat writer and columnist.
Follow Steve Bulpett	@SteveBHoop
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Tag: men vs. machines
Culture, Genre and Localization
I've been thinking about the boundaries of translation and localization lately.
Translation is a specific linguistic alteration, but when it is paired with localization in a way that extends beyond linguistic alterations it re-grasps some of its pre-modern sensibilities. Here I refer to the difference between modern traduction, and premodern translation (. The one is vague movement of a text and the other modern authorial/translatorial alteration of a text from one language to another.
Localization (and particularly video game translation localization) includes graphical and ludic alterations, and even censorship and culturalization alterations (Chandler 2005; Edwards 2006).This change hearkens back to translatio and the pre-modern sensibilities that at one point included commentary on texts (in the margins, or critical exegeses) and adaptations (Dryden 2004 [1680]). What it also leads toward is generic manipulations.
Essentially, what I've been thinking about is that the localization from Japanese to English of a game involves (practically) the alteration of coded assets to make it salable within a new linguistic, socio-political and geographical context. Localization helps games move to a new 'culture.' However, generic alterations, modding, or reskinning also help games move to new cultures, but in this case the cultures are subcultures, or non-national contexts.
The example that I am working with is Glu Games' Gun Bros, which was generically modified into Men vs. Machines. Gun Bros (released on October 28, 2010) and Men vs. Machines (released on April 14, 2011), are almost identical. The assets used for Gun Bros, which was released in 2010, were modified and Men vs. Machines is the result. Glu Games has altered the game from a top down twin thumbs shooter (syntactic genre) within a machismo/sexist aesthetic (semantic genre), to a top down twin thumbs shooter (same syntactic genre) of the steampunk aesthetic (different semantic genre). Furthermore, Glu Games released a third iteration, Star Blitz, on May 26, 2011. The third game also alters the genre, but this time to a science fiction space shooter with ships instead of people.
Title Screen:
Welcome back:
Shopping for new items
World Select:
Results of play:
The above shots, Gun Bros on the left and Men vs. Machines on the right, are almost identical. The assets used for Gun Bros, which was released in 2010, were modified and Men vs. Machines is the result. Glu Games has altered the game from a top down twin thumbs shooter (syntactic genre) within a machismo/sexist aesthetic (semantic genre), to a top down twin thumbs shooter (same syntactic genre) of the steampunk aesthetic (different semantic genre).
Generic alteration alone is not particularly strange, as these alterations occur quite often. It is essentially what makes a syntactic genre (the alteration of semantic elements to fit different groups of people). First person shooters in westerns, space, comic books, modern war, old war, etc are all examples of this standard generic manipulation. What is interesting, is that the alterations were done by the one company, and that the way the game plays is identical. Usually the requirement of using an engine is that it must be changed somewhat, or perhaps that is simply what happens to make it a meaningful game to the gaming populace. Ironically, the response of outrage on the Glu forums toward Men vs. Machines from players who are angered that the time they spent in Gun Bros is for naught as the company will switch to updating the Men vs. Machines is widespread.
What is interesting is that the limited alterations raise the core gameplay to an essential level. Because the only thing that changes are the assets that helped relocate the engine within a new, steampunk subculture, the process of altering Gun Bros to Men vs. Machines and then to Star Blitz is the same process as localizing a game.
Where I am now in my thinking can be summed up with the following thoughts: according to LISA, localization is the process that renders appropriate a game for a new cultural context, but that makes adaptation and reskinning the exact same process and a form of localization. If the above is true, then what is the culture to which localization companies seek to render games accessible? Are they as malleable and perfunctorily determined as generic alterations? Are socio-political realities less important than target market desires (which have themselves been created by the marketeers)?
Is it not that the culture to which localization seeks to render games accessible itself created by the process of localization?
Berman, Antoine. "From Translation to Traduction." Unpublished translation by Richard Sieburth. TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction volume 1, number 1, 1988: pp. 23-40.
Chandler, Heather Maxwell. The Game Localization Handbook. Hingham: Charles River Media, 2005
Dryden, John. "From the Preface to Ovid's Epistles." In The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti. New York: Routledge, 2004 [1680].
Edwards, Kate. "Fun Vs. Offensive: Balancing the 'Cultural Edge' of Content for Global Games." In Game Developer's Conference: What's Next. San Jose, CA, 2006.
Author Stephen MandibergPosted on May 23, 2011 July 29, 2011 Categories Musings, TheoryTags gaming, glu games, gun bros, industry practice, localization, men vs. machines, remake, repetition, translationLeave a comment on Culture, Genre and Localization

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text:
\section{Introduction}

Since long ago, the correct mathematical treatment of various operators that
contain a nonlinear character called the permanent attention of researchers in
both: physics and mathematics. In particular, the natural introduction of the
square root of the fundamental operators (Hamiltonian, Lagrangian) in the
field of relativistic theories has brought not only the problem of
mathematical treatment of these non-local and nonlinear operators, but its
physical interpretation also. The conceptual fact to find the physical
interpretation of the square root operator has not only addressed the
classical dynamics but in particular its action on physical states of the
system, mainly in the quantum case (spectrum). About this issue, the works of
Salpeter and others \cite{salp} , are very well known. From the purely formal
point of view, the mathematical developments has been oriented in the area of
the pseudodifferential operators with the works of \cite{semi} and in the
theory of semigroups, mainly with the research of Yosida\cite{yos1}.

Several different physical scenarios have been shown that the correct
description is made by mean these pseudodifferential operators. For example,
in\cite{seakeeping} a semi-analytical computation of the three dimensional
Green function of a pseudodifferential operator for seakeeping flow problems
is proposed where the potential flow model is assumed with harmonic dependence
on time and a linearized free surface boundary condition. Also in
\cite{carlson}, the pseudodifferential operator is introduced in Carson's
integral computation ( the original expression involves the evaluation of just
one Struve and one Bessel function) and used in power systems analysis for
evaluating the earth-return impedance of overhead conductors above homogeneous earth.

The starting point in this article is to analyze the classical radical
operator from the viewpoint of Green functions connecting these results with
previous investigations in which we have related these type of operators with
the well known problem of localization and proper time. In second place, we
will show the purely algebraic representation giving an interpretation of such
operators. This algebraic interpretation is very important because brings the
possibility to make a link with pseudodifferential operators and semigroup
(Fourier-Integral) representations:
\
\begin{array}
[c]{ccccc}
&  &
\begin{array}
[c]{c
algebraic\\
interpretation
\end{array}
&  & \\
& \nearrow &  & \nwarrow & \\
pseudodifferential\text{ }operators &  & \longleftrightarrow &  &
\begin{array}
[c]{c
semigroup\\
(Fourier-Integral\text{ }representations)
\end{array}
\end{array}
\]
and consequently with the relativistic wave equations of \ arbitrary spin
states (in particular of parastatistical ones). Several examples, from our
earlier references on the subject (e.g. \cite{epjc} \cite{meta}), and new ones
(as the important problem of rogue waves) are analyzed and discussed. Finally,
we discuss other important questions that will be treated in detail somewhere
\cite{diegoN} as the role of the spin, the dispersion in \ time of the
physical states and the Levy processes.

\footnote[1]{It is useful to know that we can adimensionalize our problem
introducing $\tau\equiv\frac{ct}{\lambda_{c}},$ $\eta\equiv\frac{\hbar x}{mc}$
$\left(  \lambda_{c}=\frac{h}{mc}\right)  $ then, the Schrodinger equation
becomes to $\partial_{\tau}\psi\left(  \tau,\eta\right)  =\sqrt{1-\partial
_{\eta}^{2}}\psi\left(  \tau,\eta\right)  .$In other case, we take through
this paper: $\hbar=1=c$}

\section{Green functions and pseudodifferential operators}

The Schrodinger operator is, in general, the main object of study both: in
theoretical physics and mathematics and from the classical to the quantum
point of view. However, from the operator viewpoint, the relativistic form
(e.g. square root ) carry conceptual and technical troubles. As we have been
discussed before\cite{diego1}\cite{diego2}\cite{diego3}, the conceptual
trouble coming from three sources: the meaning of the Lagrangian as
\textit{measure}, the \textit{localization} (one particle/ensemble
interpretation) and the relation with \textit{spin degrees of freedom};
meanwhile the technical one is given by the square root form of the
Lagrangian/Hamiltonian when is treated as \textit{operator}. Consequently, in
this paper our starting point will be the following simple mathematical object
(principal kernel)
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{L}\equiv\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}} \tag{1
\end{equation}
that is characteristic inside the fundamental Schrodinger type equation to
solve ($g_{\mu\nu}=\left(  +---\right)  ;\mu,\nu=0,1,2,3)),$ namel
\begin{equation}
i\partial_{t}\psi\left(  t,x\right)  =\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}
\int\int\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}}e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(  x-y\right)  }\psi\left(
t,y\right)  d^{3}yd^{3}\zeta\equiv\mathcal{H}\psi\left(  t,x\right)  \tag{2
\end{equation}
and having account that the square root operator above is well defined in such
pseudodifferential representation due its strongly elliptness (for instance
$\zeta^{2}\equiv\gamma_{ij}\zeta^{i}\zeta^{j}$ with $i,j=1,2,3$), the solution
for the source which is a delta function becomes
\begin{equation}
i\partial_{t}G\left(  t,x\right)  -\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}}\int
\int\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}}e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(  x-y\right)  }G\left(
t,y\right)  d^{3}yd^{3}\zeta\equiv\mathcal{-\delta}^{3}\left(  x\right)
\mathcal{\delta}\left(  t\right)  \tag{3
\end{equation}
We perform the Fourier transform obtainin
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\int(\omega G\left(  \omega,p\right)
-\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}G\left(  \omega,p\right)  )e^{-i\left(  \omega t-p\cdot
x\right)  }d^{3}pd\omega=-\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{4}}\int e^{-i\left(
\omega t-p\cdot x\right)  }d^{3}pd\omega\tag{4
\end{equation}
consequently we have in the momentum space
\begin{equation}
G\left(  \omega,p\right)  =-\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\frac{1
{\omega-\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}} \tag{5
\end{equation}
Anti-transforming back to $x-$space we obtai
\begin{equation}
G\left(  t,x\right)  =-\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{4}}\int\frac
{e^{-i\left(  \omega t-p\cdot x\right)  }}{\omega-\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}
d^{3}pd\omega\tag{6
\end{equation}
Choosing a path over the complex plane, the integration over $\omega$ can be
performed. Then we replace the denominator by $\omega-\left(  1\mp
i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}$ with $\varepsilon>0$ evidently.
Integration along a in the upper half plane gives $G^{+}\left(  t,x\right)  $
and the other one $G^{-}\left(  t,x\right)  :
\begin{align}
G^{+}\left(  t,x\right)   &  =\frac{i}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}
\underset{\varepsilon\rightarrow0}{\lim}\theta\left(  t\right)  \int
e^{-i\left(  \left(  1-i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t-p\cdot
x\right)  }d^{3}p\tag{7}\\
G^{-}\left(  t,x\right)   &  =-\frac{i}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}
\underset{\varepsilon\rightarrow0}{\lim}\theta\left(  -t\right)  \int
e^{-i\left(  \left(  1+i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t-p\cdot
x\right)  }d^{3}p \tag{8
\end{align}
where $\theta\left(  t\right)  $ is the Theta (step) function. Notice that
$G_{D}=G^{+}\left(  t,x\right)  -G^{-}\left(  t,x\right)  =\frac{i}{\left(
2\pi\right)  ^{3}}\int e^{-i\left(  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t-p\cdot x\right)
}d^{3}p.$

Integration with respect to $d^{3}p$ is performed as follows: we write in the
spherical prescription only for simplicity, $p\cdot x=\left\vert p\right\vert
\left\vert x\right\vert \cos\theta$ and integrating with respect to $\varphi$
and $\theta
\begin{align}
G^{\pm}\left(  t,x\right)   &  =\pm\frac{i}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3
}\underset{\varepsilon\rightarrow0}{\lim}\theta\left(  \pm t\right)  \int
e^{-i\left(  \left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t-\left\vert
p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \cos\theta\right)  }p^{2}dp\sin\theta
d\theta d\varphi\tag{9}\\
&  =\pm\frac{2i}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\underset{\varepsilon\rightarrow
0}{\lim}\theta\left(  \pm t\right)  \int e^{-it\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon
\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}}pdp\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert
x\right\vert \right) \nonumber\\
&  =\pm\frac{2i}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\underset{\varepsilon\rightarrow
0}{\lim}\theta\left(  \pm t\right)  it\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)
m^{2}\frac{K_{2}\left(  m\sqrt{x^{2}-t^{2}\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)
^{2}}\right)  }{x^{2}-t^{2}\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  ^{2}} \tag{11
\end{align}
where we have been used\cite{GR} (formulas 3.915)

\section{Relation with the operational approach: example in one dimension}

From the fundamental equation to solve ($g_{\mu\nu}=\left(  +---\right)
;\mu,\nu=0,1,2,3))
\begin{equation}
i\partial_{t}\psi\left(  t,x\right)  =\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}
\int\int\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}}e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(  x-y\right)  }\psi\left(
t,y\right)  dyd\zeta\equiv\mathcal{H}\psi\left(  t,x\right)  \tag{12
\end{equation}
and having account that the square root operator above is well defined in such
pseudodifferential representation due its strongly elliptness (for instance
$\zeta^{2}\equiv\gamma_{ij}\zeta^{i}\zeta^{j}$ with i,j=1,2,3), the solution
for the source become
\begin{equation}
i\partial_{t}G\left(  t,x\right)  -\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}}\int
\int\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}}e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(  x-y\right)  }G\left(
t,y\right)  dyd\zeta\equiv\mathcal{-\delta}\left(  x\right)  \mathcal{\delta
}\left(  t\right)  \tag{13
\end{equation}
We perform the Fourier transform obtainin
\begin{equation}
\int(\omega G\left(  \omega,p\right)  -\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}G\left(
\omega,p\right)  )e^{-i\left(  \omega t-p\cdot x\right)  }dpd\omega=-\frac
{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\int e^{-i\left(  \omega t-p\cdot x\right)
}dpd\omega\tag{14
\end{equation}
consequently we have in the momentum space
\begin{equation}
G\left(  \omega,p\right)  =-\frac{1}{\omega-\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}} \tag{15
\end{equation}
Anti-transforming back to $x-$space we hav
\begin{equation}
G\left(  t,x\right)  =-\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\int\frac
{e^{-i\left(  \omega t-p\cdot x\right)  }}{\omega-\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}
dpd\omega\tag{16
\end{equation}
Again, choosing a path over the complex plane, the integration over $\omega$
can be performed. Then, we replace the denominator by $\omega-\left(  1\mp
i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}$ with $\varepsilon>0$ as is evident.
Integration along a in the upper half plane gives $G^{+}\left(  t,x\right)  $
and the other one $G^{-}\left(  t,x\right)  :
\begin{align}
G^{+}\left(  t,x\right)   &  =\frac{i}{2\pi}\underset{\varepsilon\rightarrow
0}{\lim}\theta\left(  t\right)  \int e^{-i\left(  \left(  1-i\varepsilon
\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t-p\cdot x\right)  }dp\tag{17}\\
G^{-}\left(  t,x\right)   &  =-\frac{i}{2\pi}\underset{\varepsilon
\rightarrow0}{\lim}\theta\left(  -t\right)  \int e^{-i\left(  \left(
1+i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t-p\cdot x\right)  }dp \tag{18
\end{align}
where $\theta\left(  t\right)  $ is the Theta (step) function. Notice that:
$G^{+}\left(  t,x\right)  -G^{-}\left(  t,x\right)  =\frac{i}{2\pi}\int
e^{-i\left(  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t-p\cdot x\right)  }dp.$

Integration with respect to $dp$ is performed directly obtainin
\begin{equation}
G^{\pm}\left(  t,x\right)  =\pm\frac{i}{2\pi}\underset{\varepsilon
\rightarrow0}{\lim}\theta\left(  \pm t\right)  it\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon
\right)  m\frac{K_{1}\left(  m\sqrt{x^{2}-t^{2}\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon
\right)  ^{2}}\right)  }{\sqrt{x^{2}-t^{2}\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)
^{2}}} \tag{19
\end{equation}
where we have been used\cite{GR} ( formulas 3.914).

Now we will make the proof about the direct relation between the operational
approach and the Green function one.

We know that

\begin{align}
LG\left(  t,x\right)   &  \equiv i\partial_{t}G\left(  t,x\right)  -\frac
{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}}\int\int\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}}e^{i\zeta
\cdot\left(  x-y\right)  }G\left(  t,y\right)  dyd\zeta\tag{20}\\
&  \equiv\mathcal{-\delta}\left(  x\right)  \mathcal{\delta}\left(  t\right)
\tag{21
\end{align}
then, the solution given by the difference of the fundamental Green functions
is solution of the free Salpeter equation with constant initial condition:
\begin{equation}
LG_{D}=L\left(  G^{+}\left(  t,x\right)  -G^{-}\left(  t,x\right)  \right)  =0
\tag{22
\end{equation}
multiplication with the general initial condition as ($a$ is some constant)
\begin{equation}
\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  \equiv a\int e^{-i\left(  \sqrt{p^{\prime2}+m^{2
}\beta-p^{\prime}\alpha\right)  }\delta\left(  p-p^{\prime}\right)
dp^{\prime} \tag{23
\end{equation}
is also solution. It is useful to note that $\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  $ acts
as convolution due its reproducing properties (notice the obvious fact that
have the same fashion that the kernel for the square root transformation as in
the Schwartzian case) making a \ general shift in time and space

\begin{align}
\left(  G^{+}\left(  t,x\right)  -G^{-}\left(  t,x\right)  \right)  \Psi
_{0}\left(  p\right)   &  =\frac{i}{2\pi}\int e^{-i\left(  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2
}\left(  t+\beta\right)  -p\left(  x+\alpha\right)  \right)  }dp=0\tag{24}\\
&  =\frac{1}{2\pi}\left(  t+\beta\right)  m\frac{K_{1}\left(  m\sqrt{\left(
x+\alpha\right)  ^{2}-\left(  t+\beta\right)  ^{2}}\right)  }{\sqrt{\left(
x+\alpha\right)  ^{2}-\left(  t+\beta\right)  ^{2}}} \tag{25
\end{align}

\bigskip Then, the suitable initial condition for the vacuum acts also as
potential\ in the Green's method (for any $G^{\pm}\left(  t,x\right)  $)
\begin{gather}
\int(\omega G^{\pm}\left(  \omega,p\right)  -\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}G^{\pm}\left(
\omega,p\right)  )e^{-i\left(  \omega t-p\cdot x\right)  }e^{-i\left(
\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}\beta-p\alpha\right)  }dpd\omega=\tag{26}\\
=-\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\int e^{-i\left(  \omega t-p\cdot
x\right)  }dpd\omega e^{-i\left(  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}\beta-p\alpha\right)
}\nonumber
\end{gather}

\section{The dimension-dependence of the Green function}

\begin{theorem}
The Green function of the square root pseudodifferential operator in the case
of even dimensional spacetime is exactly integrable being expressed in a
closed form as derivatives of the Mac Donald's function $K_{2}$ (Modified
Bessel Function of the Second Kind).
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Following the same procedure as before, we introduce hyperspherical
coordinates as usual
\begin{align}
x_{1}  &  =r\cos\phi_{1}\tag{27}\\
x_{2}  &  =r\sin\phi_{1}\cos\phi_{2}\nonumber\\
x_{3}  &  =r\sin\phi_{1}\sin\phi_{2}\cos\phi_{3}\nonumber\\
&  \cdot\nonumber\\
&  \cdot\nonumber\\
&  \cdot\nonumber\\
x_{N}  &  =r\sin\phi_{1}\sin\phi_{2}\sin\phi_{3}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\sin
\phi_{N-1}\cos\phi_{N}\nonumber
\end{align}
consequently, our problem will be the following integra
\begin{gather}
\int e^{-i\left(  \left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2
}t-\left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \cos\theta_{1}\right)
}p^{N-1}dp\sin\theta_{1}d\theta_{1}\sin\theta_{2}d\theta_{2}\cdot\cdot
\cdot\sin\theta_{N-1}d\theta_{N-1}d\varphi=\tag{28}\\
=F\underset{\equiv I}{\underbrace{\int e^{-i\left(  \left(  1\mp
i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t-\left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert
x\right\vert \cos\theta_{1}\right)  }p^{N-1}dp\sin\theta_{1}d\theta_{1},
}\nonumber
\end{gather}
where is a numerical factor coming from the: $\sin\theta_{2}d\theta_{2
\cdot\cdot\cdot\sin\theta_{N-1}d\theta_{N-1}d\varphi$ integration
\begin{equation}
F=\int\sin\theta_{2}d\theta_{2}\cdot\cdot\cdot\sin\theta_{N-1}d\theta
_{N-1}d\varphi=2\pi2^{N-2} \tag{29
\end{equation}
Let us to compute the $I$ integral, integrating in $\theta_{1}$first
\begin{align}
I  &  =\int e^{-i\left(  \left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2
}t-\left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \cos\theta_{1}\right)
}p^{N-1}dp\left(  -d\cos\theta_{1}\right) \tag{30}\\
&  =\int e^{-i\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t}\text{
}p^{N-1}dp\left(  \left.  -\frac{e^{-i\left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert
x\right\vert \cos\theta_{1}}}{i\left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert
\cos\theta_{1}}\right\vert _{\theta_{i}=0}^{\theta_{f=}\pi}\right) \nonumber\\
&  =\int e^{-i\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t}\text{
}\frac{p^{N-1}}{i\left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert }dp\left(
-e^{-i\left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert }+e^{i\left\vert
p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert }\right) \nonumber\\
&  =\int e^{-i\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t}\text{
}\frac{p^{N-2}}{\left\vert x\right\vert }dp\text{ }2\sin\left(  \left\vert
p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right) \nonumber
\end{align}
We have been solved the case for $d=2(N=1)$ and $d=4(N=3)$. We can demonstrate
the integrability of the higher dimensional family of cases where the
spacetime dimension is even $d=1+N$. The starting point is to use the
formula:
\begin{align}
p^{N-2}\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)
&  =\left(  \frac{id}{dx}\right)  ^{N-3}\left(  p\sin\left(  \left\vert
p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)  \right) \tag{31}\\
e.g  &  :p^{5-2}\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert
\right)  =-\frac{d^{5-3}}{dx}\left(  p\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert
\left\vert x\right\vert \right)  \right) \nonumber\\
p^{3}\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)   &
=-\frac{d^{2}}{dx}\left(  p\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert
x\right\vert \right)  \right)  =-p^{2}\frac{d}{dx}\left(  \cos\left(
\left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)  \right)  =+p^{3
\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right) \nonumber
\end{align
\begin{align*}
e.g  &  :p^{7-2}\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert
\right)  =+\frac{d^{7-3}}{dx^{7-3}}\left(  p\sin\left(  \left\vert
p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)  \right) \\
p^{5}\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)   &
=p^{2}\frac{d^{3}}{dx^{3}}\left(  \cos\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert
\left\vert x\right\vert \right)  \right)  =-p^{3}\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}\left(
\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)  \right)
=-p^{4}\frac{d}{dx}\cos\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert
\right)  =\\
&  =+p^{5}\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)
\end{align*}
then , the expression (31) becomes to
\begin{align}
I  &  =\int e^{-i\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}t}\text{
}\frac{p^{N-2}}{\left\vert x\right\vert }dp\text{ }2\sin\left(  \left\vert
p\right\vert \left\vert x\right\vert \right)  =\tag{32}\\
&  =\frac{2}{\left\vert x\right\vert }\left(  \frac{id}{dx}\right)
^{N-3}\left[  \int e^{-i\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  \sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}
t}\text{ }pdp\text{ }\sin\left(  \left\vert p\right\vert \left\vert
x\right\vert \right)  \right]  =\nonumber\\
&  =2\left(  \frac{id}{dx}\right)  ^{N-3}\left[  \pm\frac{2i}{\left(
2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\underset{\varepsilon\rightarrow0}{\lim}\theta\left(  \pm
t\right)  it\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  m^{2}\frac{K_{2}\left(
m\sqrt{x^{2}-t^{2}\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  ^{2}}\right)
{x^{2}-t^{2}\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  ^{2}}\right] \nonumber
\end{align}
consequently for the case of $(2M+1,1)$ dimensions (e.g. even dimensions) we
hav
\begin{equation}
G^{\pm}\left(  t,x\right)  =\pi2^{N}\left(  \frac{id}{dx}\right)
^{N-3}\left[  \pm\frac{2i}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\underset{\varepsilon
\rightarrow0}{\lim}\theta\left(  \pm t\right)  it\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon
\right)  m^{2}\frac{K_{2}\left(  m\sqrt{x^{2}-t^{2}\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon
\right)  ^{2}}\right)  }{x^{2}-t^{2}\left(  1\mp i\varepsilon\right)  ^{2
}\right]  \tag{33
\end{equation}

\begin{remark}
The integrability in even dimensions is due to an underlying symplectic
structure ("phase space map", only valid in even number of spacetime dimensions).
\end{remark}
\end{proof}

\section{Relativistic position operator from velocity operator}

\subsection{Velocity operator: definition and action}

Canonically the reasonable assumption as our starting point are the following relations

\begin{equation}
H\left(  x,p\right)  \equiv\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}} \tag{34
\end{equation}
and
\begin{align}
\frac{dp}{dt}  &  =-\frac{\partial H\left(  x,p\right)  }{\partial x
\tag{35}\\
\frac{dx}{dt}  &  =\frac{\partial H\left(  x,p\right)  }{\partial p} \tag{36
\end{align}
Then, the velocity operator is defined from
\begin{align}
\widehat{u}^{\alpha}  &  =\frac{d\widehat{x}^{\alpha}}{dt}=-i\left[  H\left(
x,p\right)  ,\widehat{x}^{\alpha}\right] \tag{37}\\
&  =\frac{\partial H\left(  x,p\right)  }{\partial p_{\alpha}}=\frac
{\delta^{\alpha\beta}p_{\beta}}{\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2}}} \tag{38
\end{align}
with the action a
\begin{equation}
\left(  \widehat{u}^{\alpha}\psi\right)  \left(  t,x\right)  =\frac{1}{\left(
2\pi\right)  ^{3}}\int\int\widehat{u}^{\alpha}\left(  \zeta\right)
e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(  x-y\right)  }\psi\left(  t,y\right)  d^{3}yd^{3
\zeta\tag{39
\end{equation
\begin{align}
\left(  \widehat{u}^{\alpha}\psi\right)  \left(  t,x\right)   &  =\frac
{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}}\int\int\frac{\zeta^{\alpha}}{\sqrt{\zeta
^{2}+m^{2}}}e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(  x-y\right)  }\psi\left(  t,y\right)
d^{3}yd^{3}\zeta\tag{40}\\
&  =\frac{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{3}}\int\int\frac{\zeta^{\alpha}
{\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}}}e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(  x-y\right)  }\psi\left(
t,y\right)  d^{3}yd^{2}\zeta\nonumber
\end{align}
In 1+1 dimensions we have
\begin{equation}
\left(  \widehat{u}^{\alpha}\psi\right)  \left(  t,x\right)  =\frac{1}{2\pi
}\int\int\frac{\zeta^{\alpha}}{\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}}}e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(
x-y\right)  }\psi\left(  t,y\right)  dyd\zeta\tag{41
\end{equation}
and knowing that
\begin{equation}
\left.  \psi\left(  t,y\right)  \right\vert _{1+1}=\frac{1}{2\pi}tm\frac
{K_{1}\left(  m\sqrt{y^{2}-t^{2}}\right)  }{\sqrt{y^{2}-t^{2}}} \tag{42
\end{equation}
we insert it in (41), then, the equation to solve becomes to
\begin{equation}
\left(  \widehat{u}^{\alpha}\psi\right)  \left(  t,x\right)  =\frac{1}{2\pi
}\int\int\frac{\zeta^{\alpha}}{\sqrt{\zeta^{2}+m^{2}}}e^{i\zeta\cdot\left(
x-y\right)  }\frac{1}{2\pi}tm\frac{K_{1}\left(  m\sqrt{y^{2}-t^{2}}\right)
}{\sqrt{y^{2}-t^{2}}}dyd\zeta\tag{43
\end{equation}
Using formula GR 3.365 (2) in the $m\neq0$ case (the non-massive case will be
analyzed separately), the expression to integrate in $y$ is
\begin{equation}
\left(  \widehat{u}^{\alpha}\psi\right)  \left(  t,x\right)  =\frac{1}{\left(
2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\int\int im^{2}K_{1}\left(  m(x-y)\right)  t\frac
{K_{1}\left(  m\sqrt{y^{2}-t^{2}}\right)  }{\sqrt{y^{2}-t^{2}}}dy \tag{44
\end{equation}
consequently, the action of the velocity operator on the state solution given
by the "square root" Hamiltonian is (using GR\ 7$^{8})
\begin{align}
\left(  \widehat{u}^{\alpha}\psi\right)  \left(  t,x\right)   &  =\frac
{1}{\left(  2\pi\right)  ^{2}}\frac{m^{2}t^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}K_{1}\left(
m\sqrt{2\left(  x^{2}-t^{2}\right)  }\right) \tag{45}\\
&  \left(  K_{-\nu}=K_{\nu}\right) \nonumber
\end{align}
The extension to more dimensions is straighforward.

\subsection{Determination of the relativistic position operator}

\begin{theorem}
The canonical position operator in $p$-representation, namely $\partial_{p}$ ,
acting on the convoluted state (23)(equivalent to the initial condition in the
operatorial approach) determines(in the case of null eigenvalue) univoquely
and simultaneously the action of the velocity operator in the $p$
representation plus the ground state of the physical system under consideration.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
From the initial condition (23)\ (the kernel can be straighforwardly extended
to any dimension) we hav
\begin{equation}
\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  \equiv ae^{-i\left(  \sqrt{p^{\prime2}+m^{2}
\beta-p^{\prime}\alpha\right)  } \tag{46
\end{equation}
Operating with $\widehat{x}\rightarrow\widehat{\partial}_{p}$ (e.g.: momentum
representation) we can see that
\begin{equation}
\partial_{p}\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  =-i\left[  \frac{p\beta}{\sqrt
{p^{2}+m^{2}}}-\alpha\right]  \Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  \tag{47
\end{equation}
Then:
\begin{equation}
\partial_{p}\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  =0\rightarrow\frac{p\beta}{\sqrt
{p^{2}+m^{2}}}\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  =\alpha\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)
\tag{48
\end{equation}
we obtain the action of the relativistic velocity operator (39-40) analyzed previously.
\end{proof}

Consequently we can arrive to the following:

\begin{remark}
Conversely, the respective eigenvalues of the relativistic velocity operator
are obtained from the null eigenvalue of the (standard) canonical position
operator in the momentum representation.
\end{remark}

\section{Discussion}

The meaning of the convoluted initial state $\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  $ can
be interpreted as follows: the conjugate variable to $x^{0}\left(
\text{identified with the \textit{physical time}}\right)
\begin{equation}
p^{0}=-i\partial^{0} \tag{49
\end{equation}
is no longer well defined because clearly it must be expressed in terms of the
remaining variables. Then, the following identification is immediately
performed
\begin{align}
\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)   &  \equiv ae^{-i\left(  \sqrt{p^{\prime2}+m^{2
}\beta-p^{\prime}\alpha\right)  }\tag{50}\\
&  =ae^{-i\left(  P^{0}\beta-p^{i}\alpha_{i}\right)  } \tag{51
\end{align}
where $P^{0}=\sqrt{-\partial^{i}\partial^{i}+m^{2}}$ and $p^{i}=-i\partial
^{i}$ at $x^{0}=0,$ with the consequence that the remaining generators of the
Lorentz group can be determined
\begin{align}
M^{ij}  &  =i\left(  x^{j}\partial^{i}-x^{i}\partial^{j}\right) \tag{52}\\
M^{0i}  &  =-\frac{1}{2}\left\{  x^{i},P^{0}\right\}  \tag{53
\end{align}
including the fact that $x^{i}$ and $P^{0}$ not commute. The generators on the
initial surface $x^{0}=0$(with conjugate variable $p^{0}$) split into
\textit{kinematical generators} $M^{ij}(rotations)$, $p^{i}(momenta)$ and the
\textit{dynamical} ones $M^{0i}(boost)$and $P^{0}(Hamiltonian)$ that displaces
the system away from the initial surface. From the algebraic point of view we
can check from the definition of the velocity operator
\begin{align}
\widehat{u}^{\alpha}  &  =\frac{d\widehat{x}^{\alpha}}{dt}=-i\left[  H\left(
x,p\right)  ,\widehat{x}^{\alpha}\right]  =\frac{\partial H\left(  x,p\right)
}{\partial p_{\alpha}}=\frac{\delta^{\alpha\beta}p_{\beta}}{\sqrt{p^{2}+m^{2
}}\tag{54}\\
&  =-\frac{1}{2}iM^{0i} \tag{55
\end{align}
that is directly related with the boost generator (notice the interplay
between the Poisson and quantum structure). As is easy to interpret, if we
have into account the spinorial (Clifford) structure of the double covering of
the Lorentz group, namely the $SL\left(  2\mathbb{C}\right)  $, the spin
degrees of freedom can be introduced (besides the orbital part): \
\begin{align}
M^{ij}  &  =i\left(  x^{j}\partial^{i}-x^{i}\partial^{j}\right)
+\varepsilon^{ijk}S^{k}\tag{56}\\
M^{0i}  &  =-\frac{1}{2}\left\{  x^{i},P^{0}\right\}  -\frac{i\varepsilon
^{ijk}\partial^{j}S^{k}}{P^{0}\pm m} \tag{57
\end{align}
however, if we also add the space time translations: $x^{\mu}\rightarrow$
$x^{\mu}+a^{\mu},$the Poincare group (as semidirect product of the Lorentz
group plus the space-time translations) acts on Hilbert states labeled by
vectors of the for
\begin{equation}
\left\vert p^{i};m,s,s_{3}\right\rangle \tag{58
\end{equation}
which are interpreted as physical states (particles) with mass$m$, spin $s$,
3-momentum $p^{i}$ and magnetic quantum number $s_{3}.$ The positive or
negative energy depends on the sign of $\beta$ into the exponential of
$\Psi_{0}\left(  p\right)  .$ By the way, notice that this fact is connected
with the Lagrange multiplier prescription of P.A.M. Dirac\cite{dir1}wher
\begin{equation}
P^{0}=p^{0}+\lambda\left(  p^{\mu}p_{\mu}+m^{2}\right)  \tag{59
\end{equation}
then, eliminating $p^{0}$ through $\lambda$ (e.g. taking $P^{0}$ as
Hamiltonian) we have: $P^{0}=p^{0}=\pm\sqrt{p^{i}p^{i}+m^{2}}$ corresponding
to positive and negative energy solutions.

The familiar interpretation of the eigenvalues of an observable as the only
possible values that can result from measurements of the observable on any
state of the system is no longer tenable, because the expectation value of an
observable in a particular state and the average of the eigenvalues of the
observable weighted by the absolute square of the amplitude of the
corresponding eigenstate in the state under question are not equal. A simple
but telling example is the case of the operator of the Sakata-Taketani: the
velocity operator in the conventional language, has only zero eigenvalues, yet
it is an observable in the sense of pseudo-hermiticity and has a non-vanishing
expectation value in an arbitrary state. As was pointed out before\cite{Matt},
this kind of difficulty connected with the appearance of the indefinite metric
renders the choice between different possible operators for an observable
quantity much more difficult than in the spin 1/2 case.

\section{Mp$\left(  n\right)  $ and the algebraic interpretation of the square
root operator}

Geometrically, in our early work \cite{diego1}, we take as the starting point
the action functional that will describe the world-line of the superparticle
(measure on a superspace) as follows:
\begin{equation}
S=\int_{\tau_{1}}^{\tau_{2}}d\tau L\left(  x,\theta,\overline{\theta}\right)
=-m\int_{\tau_{1}}^{\tau_{2}}d\tau\sqrt{\overset{\circ}{\omega_{\mu}
\overset{\circ}{\omega^{\mu}}+{\mathbf{a}}\overset{.}{\theta}^{\alpha
\overset{.}{\theta}_{\alpha}-{\mathbf{a}}^{\ast}\overset{.}{\overline{\theta
}^{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\overset{.}{\overline{\theta}}_{\overset{.}{\alpha}}}
\tag{60
\end{equation}
where $\overset{\circ}{\omega_{\mu}}=\overset{.}{x}_{\mu}-i(\overset{.
{\theta}\ \sigma_{\mu}\overline{\theta}-\theta\ \sigma_{\mu}\overset
{.}{\overline{\theta}})$, and the dot indicates derivative with respect to the
parameter $\tau$, as usual. The above Lagrangian (we will not give the details
here) was constructed considering the line element (e.g.: measure, positive
square root of the interval) of the non-degenerated supermetric introduced in
\cite{diego1} $ds^{2}=\omega^{\mu}\omega_{\mu}+{\mathbf{a}}\omega^{\alpha
}\omega_{\alpha}-{\mathbf{a}}^{\ast}\omega^{\dot{\alpha}}\omega_{\dot{\alpha
},$ where the bosonic term and the Majorana bispinor compose a superspace
$(1,3|1)$, with coordinates $(t,x^{i},\theta^{\alpha},\bar{\theta
^{\dot{\alpha}})$, and where Cartan forms of supersymmetry group are described
by: $\omega_{\mu}=dx_{\mu}-i(d\theta\sigma_{\mu}\bar{\theta}-\theta\sigma
_{\mu}d\bar{\theta}),\qquad\omega^{\alpha}=d\theta^{\alpha},\qquad\omega
^{\dot{\alpha}}=d\theta^{\dot{\alpha}}$ (obeying evident supertranslational
invariance). \footnote[1]{As we have extended our manifold to include
fermionic coordinates, it is natural to extend also the concept of trajectory
of point particle to the superspace.} To do this, we take the coordinates
$x\left(  \tau\right)  $, $\theta^{\alpha}\left(  \tau\right)  $ and
$\overline{\theta}^{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\left(  \tau\right)  $ depending on
the evolution parameter $\tau.$ The Hamiltonian in square root form,
namely$\sqrt{m^{2}-\mathcal{P}_{0}\mathcal{P}^{0}-\left(  \mathcal{P
_{i}\mathcal{P}^{i}+\frac{1}{a}\Pi^{\alpha}\Pi_{\alpha}-\frac{1}{a^{\ast}
\Pi^{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\Pi_{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\right)  }\left\vert
\Psi\right\rangle =0$, was constructed defining the supermomenta as usual and,
due the nullification of this Hamiltonian, the Lanczos method for constrained
Hamiltonian systems was used.

Consequently, we have shown that there exist an algebraic interpretation of
the pseudodifferential operator (square root) in the case of an underlying
Mp$\left(  n\right)  $ group structur

\begin{equation}
\sqrt{m^{2}-\mathcal{P}_{0}\mathcal{P}^{0}-\left(  \mathcal{P}_{i
\mathcal{P}^{i}+\frac{1}{a}\Pi^{\alpha}\Pi_{\alpha}-\frac{1}{a^{\ast}
\Pi^{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\Pi_{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\right)  }\left\vert
\Psi\right\rangle =0 \tag{61
\end{equation
\begin{equation}
\left\{  \left[  m^{2}-\mathcal{P}_{0}\mathcal{P}^{0}-\left(  \mathcal{P
_{i}\mathcal{P}^{i}+\frac{1}{a}\Pi^{\alpha}\Pi_{\alpha}-\frac{1}{a^{\ast}
\Pi^{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\Pi_{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\right)  \right]  _{\beta
}^{\alpha}\left(  \Psi L_{\alpha}\right)  \right\}  \Psi^{\beta}=0 \tag{62
\end{equation}

\bigskip then, both structures can be identified: e.g. $\sqrt{m^{2
-\mathcal{P}_{0}\mathcal{P}^{0}-\left(  \mathcal{P}_{i}\mathcal{P}^{i
+\frac{1}{a}\Pi^{\alpha}\Pi_{\alpha}-\frac{1}{a^{\ast}}\Pi^{\overset{.
{\alpha}}\Pi_{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\right)  }\leftrightarrow\left[
m^{2}-\mathcal{P}_{0}\mathcal{P}^{0}-\left(  \mathcal{P}_{i}\mathcal{P
^{i}+\frac{1}{a}\Pi^{\alpha}\Pi_{\alpha}-\frac{1}{a^{\ast}}\Pi^{\overset
{.}{\alpha}}\Pi_{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\right)  \right]  _{\beta}^{\alpha
}\left(  \Psi L_{\alpha}\right)  $ being the state $\Psi$ the square root of a
spinor $\Phi$(where the "square root" Hamiltonian acts) such that it can be
bilinearly defined as $\Phi=\Psi L_{\alpha}\Psi.$ Our goal in these references
was based on the observation that the operability of the pseudodifferential
"square root" Hamiltonian can be clearly interpreted if it acts on the square
root of the physical states. In the case of the Metaplectic group, the square
root of a spinor certainly exist [\cite{meta}, \cite{dir}\cite{sann
\cite{Major}] making this interpretation (61-62) fully consistent from the
relativistic and \ group theoretical viewpoint.

It is interesting to note, that in ref.\cite{Dattoli} the Dirac factorization
of the one dimensional relativistic Schrodinger equation was treated
introducing the so called quantum simulation of the Dirac equation \cite{Nat}.
This is, in effect, a toy model apparently capable to simulate a genuine
quantum relativistic effect, as the Zitterbewegung. However, the vector
$\underline{\Psi}$ in \cite{Dattoli} is not an spinor and eq. (37) from
\cite{Dattoli} is not the relativistic counterpart of the Pauli equation:
there are not spin degrees of freedom and relativistic invariance. \ The
construction given there is only a mathematical artifact in order to mimify
the relativistic effects in a sharp contrast with equation (62) that is fully
relativistic and capable of include a complete (super) multiplet (spanning
spins from 0 , 1/2, 1, 3/2, 2 ) of physical states. In the next paragraph, we
will describe these states (truly spinorial and relativistic ones) coming from
the algebraic correspondence in order to compare they with the respective
results of the quantum simulation of the Dirac equation results presented in
\cite{Dattoli}.

\subsection{Superspinorial Zitterbewegung}

Now we will pass to analyze and review the description given in \cite{epjc} to
see the origin of the quantum relativistic effects as the Zitterbewegung.
Concerning to the solutions obtained in the \ "algebro-pseudodifferential"
correspondence, we must regard that there are two types of states: the basic
(non-observable) ones and observable physical states (see from another point
of view the results of refs.\cite{diego1}\cite{diego2}\cite{diego3
\cite{epjc}). The basic states are coherent states corresponding to the double
covering of the $SL(2C)$ or the metaplectic group\cite{diego1}\cite{diego2
\cite{diego3}\cite{epjc} responsible for projecting the symmetries of the 6
dimensional $Mp(4)$ group space to the 4 dimensional spacetime by means of a
bilinear combination of the $Mp(4)$ generators.

Regarding previous works \cite{diego1, diego2}, the supermultiplet solution
for the geometric lagrangian wa
\[
g_{ab}(0,\lambda)=\left\langle \psi_{\lambda}\left(  t\right)  \right\vert
L_{ab}\left\vert \psi_{\lambda}\left(  t\right)  \right\rangle =e^{-\left(
\frac{m}{\left\vert a\right\vert }\right)  ^{2}t^{2}+c_{1}t+c_{2}
e^{\xi\varrho\left(  t\right)  }\chi_{f}\langle\psi_{\lambda}(0)|\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{c
a\\
a^{\dagger
\end{array}
\right)  _{ab}|\psi_{\lambda}(0)\rangle
\]
where we have been written the corresponding indices for the simplest
supermetric state solution being $L_{ab}$ the corresponding generators $\in
Mp\left(  n\right)  $ in the representation given in\cite{sann} \cite{meta}and
$\chi_{f}$, coming from the odd generators of the big covering group related
to the symmetries of the specific model \ (will not be treated in this paper,
and will be left aside). Consider, for simplicity, the `square' solution for
the three compactified dimensions \cite{diego2} (spin $\lambda$ fixed,
$\xi\equiv-\left(  \overline{\xi}^{\overset{.}{\alpha}}-\xi^{\alpha}\right)
$) We have obtained schematically for the exponential even fermionic part
\begin{align}
\varrho\left(  t\right)  \equiv\overset{\circ}{\phi}_{\alpha}\left[  \left(
\alpha e^{i\omega t/2}\right.  \right.   &  \left.  \left.  +\right.  \right.
\left.  \left.  \beta e^{-i\omega t/2}\right)  -\left(  \sigma^{0}\right)
_{\overset{.}{\alpha}}^{\alpha}\left(  \alpha e^{i\omega t/2}-\beta
e^{-i\omega t/2}\right)  \right] \tag{63}\\
&  +\frac{2i}{\omega}\left[  \left(  \sigma^{0}\right)  _{\alpha}^{\overset
{.}{\ \beta}}\ \overline{Z}_{\overset{.}{\beta}}+\left(  \sigma^{0}\right)
_{\ \overset{.}{\alpha}}^{\alpha}\ Z_{\alpha}\right]  \tag{64
\end{align}

where $\overset{\circ}{\phi}_{\alpha},Z_{\alpha},\overline{Z}_{\overset
{.}{\beta}}$ are constant spinors, and $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are $\mathbb{C
$-numbers (the constant $c_{1}\in\mathbb{C}$ due the obvious physical reasons
and the chirality restoration of the superfield solution [1,2,10]).

By consistency, as in the case of the string, two geometric-physical options
will be related to the orientability of the superspace trajectory\cite{ger}:
$\alpha=\pm\beta$. We have take, without lose generality $\alpha=+\beta$ then,
exactly, there are two possibilities:

i) the compact case (which was given before in \cite{diego2}\cite{diego1}
\begin{equation}
\varrho\left(  t\right)  =\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{c
\overset{\circ}{\phi}_{\alpha}\cos\left(  \omega t/2\right)  +\frac{2}{\omega
}Z_{\alpha}\\
-\overset{\circ}{\overline{\phi}}_{\overset{\cdot}{\alpha}}\sin\left(  \omega
t/2\right)  -\frac{2}{\omega}\overline{Z}_{\overset{.}{\alpha}
\end{array}
\right)  \tag{65
\end{equation}
ii) and the non-compact cas
\begin{equation}
\varrho\left(  t\right)  =\left(
\begin{array}
[c]{c
\overset{\circ}{\phi}\cosh\left(  \omega t/2\right)  +\frac{2}{\omega
}Z_{\alpha}\\
-\overset{\circ}{\overline{\phi}}_{\overset{\cdot}{\alpha}}\sinh\left(  \omega
t/2\right)  -\frac{2}{\omega}\overline{Z}_{\overset{.}{\alpha}
\end{array}
\right)  \tag{66
\end{equation}
obviously (in both cases) represents a \textit{Majorana fermion} where the
$\mathbb{C}$ (or $hypercomplex$ wherever the case$)$ symmetry is inside of the
constant spinors.

The spinorial even part of the superfield solution in the exponent becomes to
\begin{equation}
\xi\varrho\left(  t\right)  =\theta^{\alpha}\left(  \overset{\circ}{\phi
}_{\alpha}\cos\left(  \omega t/2\right)  +\frac{2}{\omega}Z_{\alpha}\right)
-\overline{\theta}^{\overset{\cdot}{\alpha}}\left(  -\overset{\circ
{\overline{\phi}}_{\overset{\cdot}{\alpha}}\sin\left(  \omega t/2\right)
-\frac{2}{\omega}\overline{Z}_{\overset{.}{\alpha}}\right)  \tag{67
\end{equation}
for the $\mathbb{C}$ (or $hypercomplex$ wherever the case$)$ symmetry. We
easily see that in the above expression there appear a type of
\textit{Zitterbewegung} or continuous oscillation between the chiral and
antichiral part of the bispinor $\varrho(t)$. ( see for example, Figures 1, 2,
3 and 4 in ref. \cite{epjc} are snapshots describing the time evolution of the
oscillating effect for suitable values of the parameters of the vacuum
solution and with an increasing $\omega t\sim t/\left\vert a\right\vert $
respectively ($\omega_{1}<\omega_{2}<\omega_{3}....$)).

\begin{remark}
the physical meaning of such an oscillation (Zitterbewegung) is simply an
underlying natural supersymmetric effect because there exists a kind of
duality between supersymmetrical and relativistic effects, pointed out
previously in \cite{casa}.
\end{remark}

\section{Physical examples}

\subsection{Rogue waves}

As is more or less understandable from their scientific observation at the
Draupner oil platform in the North sea\cite{Dra}, rogue waves (sometimes
described as monster waves, freak waves or giant waves) appear with an
amplitude extremely larger with respect to the amplitude of the surrounding
wave crests \cite{Osb}. Because the conditions that cause the enormous growth
of rogue waves is still not well known, they have become a subject of intense
research after their experimental realization and simulation in various
physical systems having an underlying nonlinear character, namely, optical
fibers \cite{fo1}\cite{fo2}, plasmas\cite{pl}.

The general form to attack the problem in many of these contexts is to
introduce different variants of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE)\ due
the modulation of its present instability \cite{in}. This kind of modulation
can be effectively implemented at laboratory level in the Bose-Einstein
condensation (BEC) scenarios where the Feshbach resonance technique
\cite{Fesh} allows to control the dynamics of matter rogue waves by mean the
feasibility of tuning interatomic interactions. Also, in the same context of
BEC, the quasi-one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii (GP)\ as the NLSE\ with
trapping potential is usually utilized.

The interesting point is that in recent years the study of spinor condensates
has been an important issue experimentally and theoretically speaking
\cite{spinorcond} As is well known , he dynamics of the spinor condensate is
described within the mean-field approximation by the multicomponent
GP-equations containing nontrivial nonlinear terms mimifiying the SU(2)
symmetry of the spins. Alkali-metal atoms are usually represented of a such
manner. Now, we can see that rogue waves can be obtained by the free
Schrodinger equation solution in the algebro-pseudodifferential framework
given above. Controlling the parameters of the solution given by expressions
(63-67), the expected waves are obtained when the time variable have complex
coefficients (e.g$\rightarrow it)$. It is clear that it is a kind of "
dispersion in time" that is responsible of the "exploded" wave dynamics .
3-Dimensional figures 5,6 and 7 show the wave behaviour with an increasing
imaginary coefficient in the time variable, respectively. Figures 1,2,3 and 4
show snapshots describing the evolution of the oscillating effect in complex time..

\subsection{The Nambu-Goto action and the microcanonical propagator}

Here we will make some\ comments about the pseudodifferential operators and
physical systems with finite energy (e.g. microcanonical ensemble) in
connection with the quantum field theoretical (QFT) viewpoint. Regarding our
previous reference (see full details in \cite{micro} and connected with a
string-high energy framework see \cite{norma} )the propagator for
black-hole/string/particle was constructed knowing that the Nambu-Goto
action\ is invariant under the reparametrizations. Using the "Born-Infeld"
choice for the dynamical variables \cite{barb} we obtain the action in the
form
\begin{equation}
S=-\frac{\kappa}{\alpha^{\prime}}\int_{\tau1}^{\tau2}\overset{.}{x}_{0
d\sigma\ d\tau\ \sqrt{\left[  1-\left(  \partial_{0}x_{b}\right)  ^{2}\right]
\left[  1+\left(  \partial_{1}x_{a}\right)  ^{2}\right]  },\text{
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\left(  a,b=2,3;\ \partial_{1}x_{a
=\varepsilon_{1a}^{\ \ \ 0b}\partial_{0}x_{b}\right)  , \tag{68
\end{equation}

Therefore, the invariance with respect to the invariance of the coordinate
evolution parameter means that one of the dynamic variables of the theory
($x_{0}\left(  \tau\right)  $ in this case) becomes the observed time with the
corresponding non-zero Hamiltonian $H_{BI}=\Pi_{a}\overset{.}{x}^{a
-L=\sqrt{\alpha^{2}-\Pi_{b}\Pi^{b}},$where: $\Pi^{b}=\frac{\partial
L}{\partial\left(  \partial_{0}x_{b}\right)  },\alpha\equiv\frac{\kappa
\sqrt{1+\left(  \partial_{1}x_{a}\right)  ^{2}}}{\alpha^{\prime}}$ From the
simplest path-integral formalism, using quantum field theoretical arguments
and introducing the integral representation for a pseudodifferential operator
\cite{brich}(based in semigroup construction)
\begin{equation}
\int\left(  t^{2}+u^{2}\right)  ^{-\lambda}e^{itx}dt=\frac{2\pi^{1/2}
{\Gamma\left(  \lambda\right)  }\left(  \frac{\left\vert x\right\vert
{2u}\right)  ^{\lambda-1/2}K_{\lambda-1/2}\left(  u\left\vert x\right\vert
\right)  \tag{69
\end{equation}
where $K_{\nu}\left(  x\right)  $ is the MacDonald's function, we obtain
\cite{norma}\cite{micro}the following microcanonical propagator:
\[
D_{E}(t,\overline{x})=\frac{\delta\left(  E\right)  }{\omega^{2}-k^{2
-m^{2}+i\varepsilon}-
\
\begin{equation}
-8\pi i\alpha\delta\left(  \omega^{2}-k^{2}-m^{2}\right)  \overset{
{\underset{l=1}{\overset{\infty}{\sum}}}\frac{K_{-1}\left(  \alpha\left\vert
l\omega_{k}-E\right\vert \right)  }{E^{2}}\frac{\Omega\left(  E-l\omega
_{k}\right)  }{\Omega\left(  E\right)  }\theta\left(  E-l\omega_{k}\right)  ,
\tag{70
\end{equation}
where $\theta\left(  x\right)  $ is the usual step function. The first term in
the microcanonical propagator is the usual (non-termal) Feynman propagator,
the second one is the new microcanonical statistical part. The correct
description of the full N-extended body system is obtained explicitly
expanding the Mac Donald's function $K_{-1}$ in the second term of the free
microcanonical propagator \cite{norma}leading a nonlocal and nonlinear
generalization of the well known \ (string-theoretical) Veneziano amplitude
\cite{ven}. This observation leads us to highlight the next:

\begin{remark}
pseudo differential operators in QFT give rise to propagators which a
string-like type of structure emerges (Gamma type
string-amplitude)contributing to their statistical the relation between
temporal and normal ordering of the field operators.
\end{remark}

\subsection{Warped gravities, Randall Sundrum scenarios and the square root}

The last example coming from our reference\cite{diego2} showing itself the
consistency of this interpretation. The motivation to introduce
pseudodifferential operators was to find the consistent solution to the
hierarchy problem\cite{hier} and, due the lack of formal "first principles"
explanations, to the field theoretical localization mechanisms for scalar and
fermions \cite{shap} as well as for gauge bosons \cite{dv}. Some points coming
from the analisys of these previous works \cite{diego2}must be highlighted:

The remarkable property of the\ full solution involving beside the expressions
(63-67), the bosonic part namely: $g_{ab}(t)=e^{-\left(  \frac{m
{|{\mathbf{a}}|}\right)  ^{2}t^{2}+c_{1}t+c_{2}+\xi\varrho\left(  t\right)
}g_{ab}(0)$ \cite{diego2}is that the physical state $g_{ab}\left(  x\right)  $
is localized in a particular position of the space-time: the supermetric
$\mathbb{C}$ coefficients $\mathbf{a}$ $\left(  \mathbf{a}^{\ast}\right)
$play the important role of localize the fields in the bosonic part of the
superspace in similar and suggestive form as the well known "warp factors" in
multidimensional gravity\cite{bajc} for a positive (or negative) tension
brane. This Gaussian type solution is very well defined physical state in a
Hilbert space\cite{diego4}\cite{kl}from the mathematical point of view,
contrarily to the sual case $u\left(  y\right)  =ce^{-H\left\vert y\right\vert
}$ given in\cite{bajc} that, although were possible to find a manner to
include it in any Hilbert space, is strongly needed to take special
mathematical and physical particular assumptions whose meaning is obscure. For
a more complete picture the comparison with the case of 5-dimensional gravity
plus cosmological constant\cite{bajc} is clearly given with full details in
the table of reference\cite{diego2}\footnotetext[2]{the extended superspace
solution in the case contain all the 4-dimensional coordinates: $x\equiv
\left(  t,\overline{x}\right)  $, $c_{1}^{\prime}x\equiv c_{1\mu}^{\prime
}x^{\mu}$ and $c_{2}^{\prime}$ scalar.} .

\section{Concluding remarks}

In this work, we have been made a development and analysis of the problem
generated by the "square root" operator. Through this paper we logically
emphasize the non-locality and the relation with the Green function approach.

We show that there exists a close relation between the number of the spacetime
dimensions and the order of the of the cylinder functions ( MacDonald's
function in our case) having the case of even number of spacetime dimensions
an exact integrability.

The self-reproducing property of the Mc Donald's function, as the main
ingredient of the Green kernel, makes to be possible the straighforward
relation with the coherent and squeezed states of the non-compact groups
(e.g.$SU(1,1)$) and the corresponding double coverings as is the Metaplectic
the typical case \cite{meta}. In this sense, we have demonstrate here clearly,
through the comparison with references \cite{various}, the relation with the
non-hermitian time operator and, looking at reference\cite{yosi} , the
relation with the time-energy coherent states. In this manner we have been
shown specifically the form of the "overlap" integrals and the physical
operators of the "observables": velocity and the phase space structure. The
conclusion that is immediately obtained from this last point is that the
coherent states structure is related with the time dispersion of the non-local
square root Hamiltonian.

The integrability for several dimensions is achieved in the case of even
dimensions due the symplectic (phase space) underlying structure. All
remaining aspects concerning these issues were clearly treated through the
first part of the paper by mean the respective theorems, proofs and remarks.

The algebraic connection with the pseudodifferential description, described
from our previous works and formally proposed by us here, allows the correct
interpretation of the square root treated as operator that have been
exemplified by three physical cases (namely: rogue waves, warped gravities and
the Nambu-Goto action and the microcanonical propagator). The relativistic
wave equations for any spin is also described by this algebraic interpretation
establishing a bridge with the pseudodifferential and semigroup approaches.

An important new result, in the context of the algebraic approach, that we
have found before is that there exist an oscillatory fermionic effect in the
$B_{0}$ part of the supermultiplet as a Zitterwebegung, but between the chiral
and antichiral components of this Majorana bispinor. This effect is (see
equation (66) )is fully relativistic and capable of include a complete (super)
multiplet of physical states in a sharp contrast with ref.\cite{Dattoli} where
the Dirac factorization of the one dimensional relativistic Schrodinger
equation was treated introducing the so called quantum simulation of the Dirac
equation \cite{Nat}. where the vector $\underline{\Psi}$ in \cite{Dattoli} is
not an spinor and eq. (37) from \cite{Dattoli} is not the relativistic
counterpart of the Pauli equation: there are not spin degrees of freedom and
relativistic invariance.

\section{Acknowledgements}

Many thanks are given to Professors Yu. P. Stepanovsky, John Klauder and E. C.
G. Sudarshan for their interest; and particularly to Professor N. Mukunda for
several discussions in the metaplectic symmetries. I am very grateful to the
CONICET-Argentina and also to the BLTP-JINR Directorate for their hospitality
and financial support for part of this work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Category Archives: New Books
Especially for College Students
Wild Undergraduates
Are you a college student?
Wondering what to get your friends or yourself for the holidays? Maybe you would like buy someone you like or love something, but don't want to spend much.
If you, and any of your friends are college students who have Kindles and love to read, have I got good news for you.
Here is a great little set of short fiction stories for just $0.99! : The Future of Engineering
What's Special About Them?
You are probably wondering. Every story in The Future of Engineering collection is about college students. Starring college students. Set on university campuses.
These stories are so good, that you may want to get yourself a copy, at $0.99 there're at a price it's tough to beat.
Genre and plot line: diverse: 1 is about a goddess-project; 1 is a comedy story about advanced engineering research and an old saying. 1 is about whether or not anyone died of an overdose of fun the night before.
Nevertheless, these were written by me, when I was a college student during my mid-20s, and everything about them is especially designed for this niche market.
If you do it to buy something for your friends or that sibling who is in college, that's great.
If you do it because you love yourself…All I can tell you is that I hope your self-love is the healthy kind, rather than narcissism.
Posted in astronomy, bands, book store, communication, cross cultural, fiction characters, ghostwriting, Internet, music reviews, New Books, novels, Other Bloggers Today, The arts, Uncategorized
Tagged college students, gifts for college students, gothic fiction, how to get by as a college student, Kindle fiction, science fiction, short fiction, short fiction science fiction, student life, students, stuff for college students, universities
Writer's Advice – what's that?! 2018
Author's Advice
There are many ways that people can get advice. The most obvious ways for writers to improve are to take lessons in the language they will be writing in and the old fashioned 'read the greats'.
There are times when constructive criticism is very helpful and there are times when your enemies will only have destructive criticism and jealousy to offer you.
Two main ways to get feedback about your writing for professionals: 1) Submit! When the editors will make changes; when the magazine or newspaper or publisher will buy it/pay for it; then that 's good.
Great ways to get feedback for amateurs and some semi-pros: join writer's groups; take work shops or classes. Peer critique is often part of such arrangements.
General to Specific
There are numerous types of writing and most writers specialize. Many of those who have specialized don't call themselves writers. Grant writers, for instance, will often just say that they work for whatever organization they work at in some administrative role. Journalists, typically prefer to be called journalists, although they could all call themselves writers and be telling the truth. Staff writers may choose to refer to the publication where they work. Most staff writers wouldn't ever write "for fun" or "as just a hobby" and those that would might well not tell the truth about that.
Travel writers, book authors, niche novelists, political news, best restaurants, fashion, television, film, all have specialized types of writing. There are people capable or more than one kind of writing, but it is common for those who are most successful in the field to find they were forcibly limited to a small subjection of the writing world in order to find a way to earn a living or to develop a good reputation in the industry.
There are times when you have to meet and greet enough others in the industry to get a deal and other times when you really need to mail something for it to work. In some cases, the right thing to do is apply for a job and become a regularly paid publishing company editor for other authors even if you hardly get anything of your own published. Maybe you will, and maybe it won't matter anymore.
Sometimes writers are stubborn and fail to change in ways that will cause them to have far greater success and other times people just realize that for them: to change that much would be so bad that they might as well go work in a totally different field if that's really how it works.
Other writers tolerate a lot of painful constructive criticism and make survivable compromises and learn to be a bit more flexible and they find out that they can get a lot further and are happy with the results even though the reality ends up being unlike their original idea.
Posted in blogging, book store, communication, ghostwriting, Internet, New Books, philosophy, self help, Uncategorized, writer's life, writers and readers
Tagged advice for writers, authors, communications specialists, corporate writers, freelance writers, journalism, magazine writers, staff writers, writers
September 5, 2018 by miriamspia
Politics in Novels
Politics in Prose
Sooner or later, people in more intellectual circles may ask about the politics of an author of about the politics of a fiction novelist's fictional worlds.
Here are a few tid bits of information:
Women philosophers are more likely than their male counterparts to write fiction novels. I won't go into why that is at this time but there are reasons for it.
Genre authors are sometimes categorized in certain ways and people may feel that a specific political agenda appears in their fiction. This is only sometimes true. The politics of a given story may not be the same as in an author's other stories.
As an author, I toy around with politics in some stories. I do view it as important but may not express that consistently from one novel to another. Then again, once readers get used to me, it might well be obvious.
Multiculturalism & Pluralism
There are stories which closely resemble the real world or are set in "the real world" despite being fiction. In the novel The Double Life of Tutweiler Buckhead has characters exhibiting the same kinds of racial diversity that one finds in the setting – the city of Indianapolis. There are good guys and villains of both the main "racial types" in the story. No one was included or left out for the purposes of being offensive.
Me, personally
My personal politics are most likely to be loved or disparaged as promoting a socially progressive "Liberal agenda" or even "Liberal feminist, politically correct agenda". I don't think of it that way to the same extreme that my political adversaries do but I am politically and sociologically a progressive thinker. I am not against tradition for the sake of rocking the boat. However, I do think that pointlessly oppressive social systems which are immoral should be dismantled. I do think that a certain amount of institutionalized prejudice against varying degrees of criminality is warranted. I do believe that it is perfectly acceptable for the USA to remain "a Christian nation" without apology and that "religious tolerance" should not go so far as to devastate ourselves due to being attacked by our opposition because their perception of our "tolerance" is to take over and supplant our basic Christian culture. I am Pro-Choice and believe that abortion should be very rare, but safe and legal in those rare instances when it occurs. I believe motherhood should be well supported and understand that many "relationship conservatives" are coming from a school of thought which is based in preventing divorces and single-parenting without killing anyone. I think support for adoption would work better if pregnant women and girls get more support than they get torment from peers, clerics or parents. I won't go on about it all any more right now.
There are a few other tid bits about my personal politics in The Double Life of Tutweiler BuckheadMost of it, is the simple ways in which my views of good and evil are communicated in the plot and characters.Check it out for yourselves right on the Works associate page.
Meanwhile, drop us a comment or even start a conversation about multiculturalism in literature. If you are interested in diversity in the real world more than in fiction, check out Be Diversity Competent!.
Posted in communication, New Books, novels, politics, The arts, Uncategorized, urban crime fiction, writers and readers
Tagged books, experimental fiction, fiction novels, new novels, novels, Prose writing, urban crime fiction, writers
Most people know what religion is. For those who don't go to church with their family, religion is an organized way of helping people to grow spiritually; that means mainly to help the good stay good, to help people improve – especially morally, and in terms of their awareness, and to help people to help each other better. Religion is usually also associated with beliefs: beliefs and methods.
Philosophy addresses many of the same core questions that religion does, and that science also does. Due to that, sometimes philosophy can be understood as being part of religion and part of science but other times it isn't. For example: what is knowledge? and Is God real? If so, what is God like? are all normal philosophical questions.
Sometimes philosophy is viewed as conflicting with religion or with science. How do we know that scientific research methods are as good as or better than religious writings like The Bible? Are both just as good? Are social science case studies and legal witness testimonies any better, worse or as good as testimonies about God's activities in The Bible and elsewhere? Are they scientific evidence? If so, then why do scientists sometimes complain about religious people or claim they are unscientific and superstitious?
There are also famous or infamous atheist philosophers, including David Hume and Friederich Nietzsche, and Bertrand Russell. They were able to write and to publish without being burned at the stake by other people and they were not struck down by God for not being believers. However, David Hume did not dare publish while he was alive because the Church was so powerful in his day and he was terrified of them.
Many theologians also study philosophy, and those who do not fear and hate it, in contrast refer to it as 'the handmaiden of theology'.
Ethics is the philosophical term for morality when people try to talk about it as if it is not religion. Many theologians and others are comfortable dealing with morality as ethics. The types of problems that ethicists (moralists) deal with are often political; they require thinking about both the small and the large scales in life.
1) At what point can a physician remove life support from an unconscious patient and not be breaking their Hippocratic Oath to protect and preserve life?
This one is clearly a medical question. Hence, hospitals are one place where ethicists often work, but as there are standards for the large scale, agreements about such matters turn into laws, regulations and public policies. As such, they are also political.
2) How many refugees can the country take in, in an emergency? To what extent does a nation's right to protect itself and it's own welfare override a moral obligation to help those in need – such as refugees? This is more obviously political, but is just as personal as the previous one. Clearly, this is not medical ethics.
Both of these questions can be looked at from a definitely religious perspective but may have to be faced by people who do not consider themselves to be religious or to even have a religion. Neither question has a quick, easy cut and dried answer.
People who consistently address these questions from a religious perspective are still doing moral philosophy or ethics. It is just that, this is also philosophy to those who take any other kind of approach to seeking good answers to the same kinds of problems.
When it is not
Philosophy is not always religion, and not everything in religion is philosophy.
When Socrates asked the young men at Plato's parties if they knew what "justice" is, he was not trying to practice religion. When Aristotle chose to catalog animals while working for Alexander the Great he was not doing it as religion. Both were activities of philosophy.
Many religious activities are caused by the God-based philosophy (also known as theology), but the ritual of each religion is not philosophy itself. Many of the good works done, such as building schools and hospitals and feeding the hungry are likewise based in theology but are not philosophy itself.
Many businesses put together a paragraph or two about their company's philosophy for employees and other customers. That is normally not considered to be religion.
Together and Separate
Philosophy and religion can be found together or treated separately. Real life is holistic of course, so there may be times when a categorical separation seems artificial but that's okay. If you are used to one, but not the other rest assured that you can know both quite intimately. The better you know them, the less you will get confused about which is which.
*If you loved this article, check out Five Big Questions in Life and how to answer them. You can buy it online Five Big Questions in Life and how to answer them.
Posted in communication, Life, New Books, parenting, philosophy, self help, Uncategorized
Tagged advice, books, inspiration, Internet, learning, personal, truth
Urban Adventure w Magical Realism
Book Excerpt: The Double Life of Tutweiler Buckhead
Chapter 1: Help When You Need It
Welcome to the Circle City; crossroads of the Midwest. A major goal was to stop being a place that New Yorkers laughed at. Finally this had happened. The new Mayor was Jason Boggs. He was the city"s record youngest municipal leader at the ripe old age of 32.
Mayor Boggs had found the debriefings he received from the local law enforcement agencies to be sobering at best and rather disheartening. He told himself in the office after hearing over an hour about some of the local semi-organized crime, "It" a good thing I was born cynical or I would be incredibly depressed after that."
Jason had managed to get elected because he was an innovative leader with a combination of intense drive, profound kind heartedness, was very clever and able to handle subtlety.
A local law enforcement leader had just informed him that he suspected that they had a cocaine dealer in the area who was moving goods at the international level and doing possibly up to a billion dollars of business in a year.
The worst part about cocaine traffickers, was that once they "went big" they tended to have more firearms than some of the smaller time dealers, and they tended to be slick, and they often had a lot of "respectable" customers.
Jason thought about it. Yuppies living in his own city"s cherished condominiums dressing professionally and working decent jobs were equally or more liable to be supporting this villain than the blue collar working class. The 3 other thing about cocaine is that like credit cards, most poor people cannot afford it.
He determined that because of all this, he wanted to get rid of the villain as quietly and subtly as the customers made the most of the available drugs.
He had a long think in his office and then played 4 hours of video games in a row at home that night before finally falling into a fitful slumber. He muttered as he tossed and turned, "get rid of them"…"don"t make a scene"…"no, it"s not okay actually"…"the police"…"voters"…eventually he drifted off to sleep.
The next morning, Jason Boggs woke up and wrote briefly in a notebook that he kept by his bed. Then he went through the normal waking and dressing routines and set out to help his fair city once again. He breathed cheerfully and deeply into the fresh morning air because, dear readers, he had a plan to tackle this beast of a local problem.
He called around to people who, well, it"s better if you don"t even know Reader. That"s how secret the information is. They responded according to what they knew. It took Jason hours and well over thirty phone calls to start to find the kind of information that he really needed. After that, he had to schedule in some meetings and attend to less volatile local matters such as the budget, upcoming taxes and how to improve the fitness level of public school students during school hours. 4
Someone who works "back stage" in the local government, gave the Mayor one super important number. This was the magic number to a lone lawyer: a man named Thomas Smith. He was your basic "white guy wasp" being predominant ly Americanized ethnic Englishman. He was in his 30"s. He was very powerful. Financially stable, sharp as a brand new kitchen knife, and imbued with esoteric knowledge and wisdom, Thomas was so much more than just an attorney. He was on a spiritual path that leads men into wizardry, even in the New Millenium.
The next batch of people you meet Reader will be another part of this whole story.
Skilleas Fog was his Internet name, but he had come up with it playing darts in a pub with people from the Society of Creative Anachronisms. He had a very unusual working life. The main reason for this was that Skilleas liked to fight and he was very good at it. However, he was also often hard pressed to take orders constantly from anyone, but he wasn"t really sociopathic so much as he was simply highly eccentric.
Skilleas had a wide variety of ways of earning money fighting. He was very gifted in this area. He had managed to make some money wrestling, and a little prize fighting cash as a boxer; he had even managed to come by more than enough to put a down payment on a house by cage fighting.
This is incredibly rare, that Skilleas could do so well at so many different forms of combat. He also knew his way around fencing, and shooting. He could bow hunt quite well and he was a keen shot with a hand gun. He had learned to 5
hunt as a boy and he served eight years in the military. They had hoped he would stay in the Marines but he left because he got into too much trouble. He would simply shrug and admit: "They"re too strict. That"s all it is. I can"t handle that kind of environment." Skilleas had considered law enforcement, but he rejected the idea based on the same problems: consistently complying to higher ups was abnormal for him and he felt it was too restrictive.
Well, perhaps you can tell by now that he"s not exactly a "cop hater" type of fellow. Since this is true, and because he had such an intensely independent nature, Skilleas also tried his hand at bounty hunting. Like many of his other successes, he didn"t do it a lot.
By that I mean, while a rock solid career professional wrestler would train and win for decades, Skilleas would train for two years, win some money, but then often get restless and do something else. This lifestyle caused him to have a breadth of talents but at times prevented him from getting very far with any one thing. Like his other efforts, the bounty hunting went alright. The trouble with that was that he had to learn to sleuth or find good detectives to work with. One of the good parts was that his fighting skills came in very handy. Another downside was the length of time he had to put in before he could get paid.
Skilleas had a few pet favorites that he felt awkward about when he dealt with other people. One of these was that he preferred hand to hand combat over armed even when it led to hospitalization or death. Most people in his generation aren"t like that. 6
Another little tidbit was that he knife hunted, not "knife fighting" in some gang, but wild game hunting with only a knife as a weapon. He believed that hunting was intended to be challenging and so as a grown man he hunted animals the same way that he acquired work, in a noteworthy, successful and peculiar manner.
No one knew, he often felt, how much wisdom he had come into by doing "wild things" such as hunting an adult raccoon without weapons. Very few people he believed would understand or accept why he felt so gratified that he had managed to hunt and kill white tailed buck during deer season with no weapons. He ate these animals and kept their fur. He was very old fashioned in that respect.
When hunters would gather at a place during the season with their rifles and their tree stands they would tell each other how they had done. Most of them agreed that Skilleas was not much of a hunter as he would tell them truthfully at the end of the season, "I only got one with only 6 points" but would never mention that he had in fact done it either with no weapons at all or in one instance a rope trap, and in another case, a knife. Nature, he thought, has an amazing power to balance all forces. When he did it that way, he could kill enough that, with curing or refrigeration he had enough meat to last him the rest of the year, but that was only because he was a childless man.
Despite these noteworthy peculiarities, Skilleas managed to do alright socially. He was actually very kind and obviously had an intensity about fairness 7
that often seems in society to have gone quietly extinct. He was moderately handsome, very graceful and charming but not much of a talker.
It was not terribly rare for him to sulk every now and then about this. Bar maids would occasionally address this issue with him. "I know, I know," he might grumble when a woman went off with another man.
The bar maid would look quizzically at him, "I honestly think she was more attracted to you."
"I know, but did you hear that guy?" Skilleas would pout, "He"s kissed the Blarney Stone, he has, whereas I haven"t. I can"t tell you how often that happens."
One day, Skilleas received a telephone call from someone who really was one of his friends. The man was a very strange fellow also. If you have read old comic books, then think Dr. Strange. The man calling was a genuinely good man, but he was also decidedly "different" in that he was a long practicing modern day magician. He had a proverbial bug up his you-know-what regarding the truth that he was not what he called "a stage illusionist" but rather an actual wielder of the real thing.
This other man"s name was Thomas; Thomas was an attorney. Skilleas had no idea how Thomas could like books so much or computers for that matter. However, this man Thomas was also rare. He had a shrewdness that, like his mind, was incredibly sharp. Yet he was a gentle man, who was hard pressed to arm wrestle, let alone even contemplate something brutish such as wrestling or 8
American football. Nevertheless there was something ferocious to his manner, and maybe that"s why he was able to succeed as a lawyer all by himself.
Thomas was not evil, but there were times in his life when he had been confused about this. He was born a Roman Catholic and he liked Church reasonably well except that by the time he was ten years old he had figured out that most other people were, relatively speaking, idiots when compared to him. As it happened, this was true. Thomas was a genius and there was little point in pretending he wasn"t. Due to this, he learned early enough that he might earn a living more by his wits than anything else.
He had a funny temper to him, and through it he had grown towards what some definitely called "evil". At some stage in his childhood he had realized that he could hurt people by focusing his energy and directing it. Now this is pretty normal, whether you use fists or simply harsh words, or treachery. However, none of that was how Thomas did it. He had sent someone to the hospital by using the raw power of his mind and an angry malicious intention once when he was fifteen. That scared him so badly that he had been unsure as to what to do about his "personal weirdness" for some time.
Also while a youth, Thomas had suffered from two other notably bizarre types of experiences. One of these was that he would occasionally look at people and just "see" with his mind"s eye, what was going to transpire in their lives. He had only been about eight years old the first time that it happened, but it just didn"t go away. So, when he was seventeen he confessed to the Father through the grate that, "he had the sight." He wasn"t comfortable about it, since it had so 9
often been associated with the Devil, with whom he did not wish to be acquainted. The other was that ghosts would appear to him out of nowhere and tell him things. Now, this was not so easy to learn to take well. In some ways it had been easy, because at first he had just been a boy. One of the strengths of childhood is the open mind without fear. So, okay, ghosts would show up in his bedroom at night or when he was camping with his scout troop or with his parents. That wasn"t really bothersome, but it had taken many times for such entities to earn his trust so that he might learn certain skills. You must understand how much Thomas"s reasonably happy Catholicism helped him to get through these kinds of things. He would confess all of this stuff at church, which helped him to work with a professional cleric to weed out the good ghosts from any demons and to snuff out any evil before it got even a chance with Thomas.
Those were rough times for the sensitive, slender youth. He did his best to lead as normal a life as possible for a very clever modern man. He considered himself very lucky that he lived in the era of "gifted schools" and public education and the mass media. He didn"t have to live in constant fear of being taken down by brute force, and he was actually thankful for this. He would have been very popular except that he was a conscientious student and that he was even more hypersensitive about having the "sight" as the Irish call it, than he was about sexuality. People liked him, but he felt so easily that those others wouldn"t really understand him and a bit too often he was right. He liked other people but tended to emit an air of arrogance produced by a very heartfelt sense of superiority. He was very kind and compassionate by nature and through religious and social 10
training so even the hard edge of his condescension was tempered by these other advantageous qualities.
Once he was a young grown man, Thomas delved into religious and occult studies while an undergraduate, but he loved the sciences to and daydreamed about being a true renaissance man, able to have high levels of knowledge in all the important matters in life. Still steady in his religious practices, he began to move out beyond the limitations placed upon him by his clergy Father and took up the challenge of what he had learned to call his magickal will, and what he also had learned were known as "spells". It was once into his twenties that he had begun to really come to terms with why no one "messed with him" in general but on those rare occasions when someone did he often would get extremely riled up but not physically violent and within twenty-four hours something undeniably deleterious would befall whomever had upset him in the first place. Of course this made anger management a serious matter with a whole different dimension to it. The whole thing made him feel a bit odd on an all too frequent basis and it was possibly because of that feeling of being distinctively peculiar that he had somehow just "hit it off" right away with the very different Skilleas Fog.
Thomas was quite a good attorney, and he enjoyed making connections with people who often intimidated the general public such as politicians. Through his work, after years of law school, he had made friends with several people in the Mayor"s Office and had become known as a bit of pinch-hitter in certain touchy situations. 11
In fact, over a dozen years or so, matters grew most unusual indeed, but to tell it all would take far too long. Suffice it to say, that Thomas developed a well deserved reputation of being one man who could help to clear up troubles that went far beyond the kind of "touchy situations" that he had initially handled.
If you asked him how, he would readily admit that there was more to it than just his Church Fathers, though he maintained a high level of intimacy with his
…..Buy Now: The Double Life of Tutweiler Buckhead
Posted in communication, multiracial fiction, New Books, novels, Uncategorized, urban crime fiction, writers and readers
Tagged American pop culture, authors, crime fiction, drug crime fiction, fiction, Indianapolis, magical realism, multiculturalism, novels, readers, urban novels
Five Big Questions in Life – book review
The 5 Big Questions In Life
Many have the questions; but very few have the answers. Among the few; Miriam Pia stands out with her book: The 5 Big Questions In Life. This is your opportunity to learn Philosophy which she has defined as 'the love of wisdom.' Simplified, but still with a professional touch.
In this exciting philosophy, Miriam also brings in the old timers; Socrates and his student Plato. The highlight is; Plato was rich and Socrates was poor.That is the point Miriam is highlighting as being evidence that Philosophy is free to practice and is useful to people who have money as well as those who don't. Of course she studied Philosophy the Plato way – she paid for it – up to Masters Level with Middlesex University. But she is encouraging you to digest this book should you not be in a position to afford tertiary education.
Most importantly, the book takes you from the history of Western philosophy, Eastern philosophy and the founding Greek philosophy to the present day phenomenon.
The book is not only asking what the world is really like. How do we know what we know, whether God exists, the best way to live, what defines the Good and Evil; it is also about answering those questions. Justa glimpse on the best way to live; Miriam shares that sexual love, romance, a sense of the morality surrounding those involved and any children who show up is also a very major and important part of people practicing their best way to live.People need to be safe: traditional forms of family; represented by marriage, is one of the best ways for people to be safe to have sex.Like it or not, this is a truth. All in The Big5 Questions in Life.
Blessings S. Makanani
Posted in blogging, communication, New Books, philosophy, self help, Uncategorized
Tagged authors, blogging, gods, new authors, nonficton, philosophy
March 6, 2014 by miriamspia
Gezka FaucMerz and Kiel Bronson – fictional characters 2014
Gezka FaucMerz, still living as a Captain in the Rejkyavikian Naav thousands of years in our future, or maybe just in alternate universe or both…Icelandic victories against their own corrupt bankers notwithstanding….has finally made it into her life ….being a fiction character nothing happened until the next story that includes her began to take shape.
Despite a variety of difficulties, she is able to reunite in her professional and personal relationship with Kiel Bronson. Kiel does not like what she has dragged him into, but is grateful for the help getting him out of a lengthy punishment explained in their first novel.
Location is everything some say: Gezka's home base is right around 32Light Years from our Sun, whereas Kiel's original home is here on planet Earth in the very solar system readers will recognize as where they woke up to find themselves again today – unless they are up in the space station.
The story is set, so far, in the exciting but dirty work of the rough draft of the next novel, in more than one location but mainly from 28 to 31 Light Years from planet Earth's Sun. Kiel went so far out even Hippies heads are spinning, "laugh out loud".
Posted in fiction characters, New Books
Tagged authors, science fiction, stories, weltraum, wissenschaftlich Romanen, writers