During the period 1954-1975, a time of ongoing conflict and war in Laos, as many as 700,000 refugees, or about 25% of the country's estimated population of 3 million, were internally dislocated. About half of the population of Laos is comprised of some 100 ethnic minorities, many of which were traditionally swidden cultivators who periodically relocated and were scattered across the largely hilly and mountainous country, including across the borders with neighboring countries. It was these people who bore the brunt of the war.
The "Indochina War Refugees in Laos" collection is a unique compilation of approximately 2,500 original documents which helps reveal the complex dynamics of the extraordinary refugee relief, relocation, and resettlement initiatives that were jointly undertaken in Laos by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and its Royal Lao Government (RLG ) counterpart, the Ministry of Social Welfare.
There are four main linguistic families in Laos: the Hmong-Iu Mien family (frequently referred to as the Lao Soung, including the Hmong and the Iu Mien), who historically predominately lived on mountain tops; the Tibetan-Burma family (frequently also referred to as Lao Soung, including the Akha and Lahu) who also historically often lived in high altitudes; the Mon-Khmer Family (frequently referred to as the Lao Theung or Lao Kang, including the Khmu, Lamet, Brao and many other groups), who lived on mountain slopes; and the Tai-Kadai family (frequently referred as the Lao Loum, including the Lue, Tai Phouan, Tai Dam, Phou Thai, and the Lao themselves), who frequently but not always lived in lower areas, including along large rivers valleys. For centuries, the Lowland Lao, or Lao Loum, resided mainly in the Mekong valley and comprised the governing class. Many of the minorities became assimilated as Lao due to the slave trade that preceded the French colonial period, which began in 1893.
Following France's loss in the First Indochina War (which commenced in 1946) to the Vietnamese communists in 1954 and the ensuing Geneva Agreements, the newly independent Kingdom of Laos emerged in a power vacuum. Although the political factions fundamentally shared a common goal to be independent and free, internal bickering erupted between the relatively weak and fragile entities. The communist Pathet Lao (PL) faction, which mainly controlled highland areas away from the Mekong valley adjacent to Vietnam and China, and the Royal Lao Government (RLG), which predominantly controlled Lao populated valleys and plains along the Mekong River, split apart and sought economic, political, and military backing from powerful Cold War players—specifically, North Vietnam and the United States, which were destined to clash over South Vietnam.
As far as the U.S. was concerned, the ensuing Second Indochina, or Vietnam, War essentially had three purposes with respect to Laos: 1) Establish a neutral and independent Laos by providing political and economic stability and support that would bring about a peaceful settlement; 2) Interdict the passage of North Vietnamese soldiers and supplies headed for South Vietnam through the Ho Chi Minh Trail in central and southern Laos; and 3) Defend the RLG's stronghold, the Mekong valley and, ultimately, neighboring Thailand. The strategy of Hanoi, on the other hand, was two-pronged: 1) Encourage PL participation in a coalition government in the interests of the "strategic relationship" between North Vietnam and Laos; and 2) Establish a secure line of communication with South Vietnam by developing trails, namely the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos.
Unlike the RLG, the PL, as well as the North Vietnamese, recognized that all the ethnic minority groups were valuable resources and overcame the age-old animosity between lowland Lao and Vietnamese and upland minorities. To counter military initiatives taken by the Communists, and to provide a reasonable level of security throughout Laos, the U.S. initially took limited, low-key steps to support the RLG's Royal Lao Army. However, as fighting accelerated the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) increasingly became more actively engaged in Laos in 1962 soon after the North Vietnamese violated the 1962 Geneva Accords, which stipulated that foreign troops were supposed to stay out of Laos. Namely, the U.S. thereby also decided to "bypass" the Accords, but secretly with CIA support. Thus the war in Laos came to be known as the "Secret War". Like the North Vietnamese, the CIA took steps to train, advise, and support mainly ethnic minority paramilitary forces in northern, central and southern Laos. These paramilitary groups operated in remote areas deep in contested mountainous terrain, and their activities revolved around villages or groups of villages from which local chieftains and their followers were recruited. The paramilitaries which conducted offensive-type missions were known as Special Guerilla Units (SGUs), and those which served as local village militias were organized as Auto-Defense de Choc (ADC) teams. They were funded, trained, advised and sometimes led by CIA plain-clothed Americans working officially in other job in Laos, but actually there to support the war effort. Other Americans supported development aid work in Laos.
Since most of the fighting took place in upland regions of Laos between the Mekong valley and the borders of Vietnam and China, it followed that the people most affected by the war were upland ethnic minorities (i.e. people distinct from the lowland Lao) groups. As fighting intensified over the years, RLG paramilitary units were forced to retreat from one mountain to another, and sometimes into the lowlands. Accordingly, local villagers, many of whom were their dependents, also retreated with their personal well-being at stake only to be relocated to areas that often became new first lines of defense. Ultimately, entire minority villages were evacuated, often on multiple occasions, in what was to become a slow pull back toward the strategically important Mekong valley. Indeed, it can be said that in some areas of Laos, especially in northern tribal regions, the refugee relief program was, in fact, a very significant part of a larger integrated political-military war effort.
MR1-MR5 folders – Laos' sixteen provinces were organized into five military regions (MRs). Included in these five folders are field reports and personal accounts written by USAID refugee area operations officers assigned to specific military regions, as well as extensive interviews of refugees who were displaced in these regions. Operations officers—most of whom spoke Lao, possessed detailed knowledge of the cultural environments in which they worked, accepted operational risks, and were dedicated to their mission—worked on a partnership basis with their like-minded and equally dedicated Ministry of Social Welfare counterparts and local authorities to identify needs and devise systems and procedures for coordinating and facilitating the delivery of emergency relief supplies and services to refugees (including medical assistance provided by USAID's Public Health Division). The interviews, conducted by local co-workers, provide a glimpse of the life of ordinary villagers caught up in the middle of conflicting factions during the long, drawn out turmoil and war in Laos.
US Mission to Laos –This folder contains documents and reports issued by both the U.S. Embassy and the Embassy's USAID Mission. The individual files contain a wide range of material, including directives, monthly reports, situation reports, project reports, facts on foreign aid reports, annual budgets, bulletins, and congressional reports. The refugee program was one of the Mission's top priorities.
USAID Refugee Affairs—The Office of Refugee Affairs was a division of the USAID Mission, and this folder includes reports issued by the Office headquartered in Vientiane, including weekly and monthly reports, assessments of the refugee situation, statistical reports, contingency planning, and program planning.
USAID Air Support Operations—Critically important to the refugee relief program was USAID's air support operations. In that adequate surface transportation infrastructure was largely absent in a geographical environment dominated by rugged terrain, foodstuffs and other essential commodities were airdropped by USAID-chartered Air America and Continental Air Services planes at remote villages and prearranged drop zones where most of the country's refugees took shelter. Likewise, aircraft played a vital role in airlifting refugees situated at or near active war zones to secure areas. Refugee support personnel also depended on fixed wing STOL (short takeoff and landing) aircraft and helicopters to travel to otherwise inaccessible refugee sites in order to assess local conditions. This folder contains information about the history of humanitarian air operations in Laos, rice drop procedures, airlift data by drop zone, and locations and specifications of airfields, STOL airstrips, and drop zones, many of which local inhabitants carved by hand out of the sides of mountains, with some airstrips being as short as 500 feet in length and situated at altitudes of several thousand feet.
Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000 scale maps of Laos printed in the 1960s by the Army Map Service, Corps of Engineers, which have been compiled and presented in their current format by Mr. Jim Henthorn offers context for this collection of documents. The map coordinates identify the map locations of many of the place names and airstrips which are referred to in the Collection's documents. Some documents also refer to airfield "Lima" site numbers, the coordinates of which can be found in the Collection's various editions of the Air Facilities Data for Laos.
Other information relevant to the refugee program is included in folders containing information about the cultures of the people of Laos, Lao government administrative structures, the war in Laos, as well as maps, gazetteers, and population statistics. Also included is a folder entitled Peace Talks, 1972-1973, which includes transcripts (written in Lao) of the critical peace talks between the RLG and the Neo Lao Hak Sat (the PL's political party apparatus) that led to a ceasefire in 1973 and, ultimately, to the formation of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, or Lao PDR, in 1975.
Although the post-1975 era is not covered in this collection, what this collection does provide is a series of snapshots which, when pieced together into a mosaic, offer insights into the hardships experienced by ethnically diverse villagers whose search for peace and stability spanned a period of nearly two decades. The some 300,000 Laotians, mostly Hmong and Lao, who chose to escape from Laos after the Communists took over in 1975 were relocated to countries around the world where they encountered new sets of cultural challenges which, for the most part, opened the door and provided pathways for them to pursue new opportunities in accommodating environments. The main countries were, in order of the number of refugees resettled, the USA, France, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Keyword searching will bring up words within a document assuming that the words being sought in faded documents are sufficiently legible to be detected. If in viewing a document, it doesn't seem to display properly, switch to the "Page image" link option in the page's left-hand column.
Additional materials will subsequently be added to this collection in accordance with University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center procedures. Given the fact that this collection is by no means complete, additional relevant materials are welcome from contributors who would like to make them available to students, researchers, and persons who are interested in learning about the effects the war in Laos had on people who were caught up in the turmoil and displaced by its impact.
The contents of this website are drawn mainly from the collections of Frederic Benson and Ernest Kuhn, both veterans of the USAID/Laos Refugee Relief program spanning the years 1965-1975, and researched, compiled, organized, and scanned by Frederic Benson. Feedback about the collection as well as queries from anyone interested in contributing additional material are most welcome. Please contact Mr. Benson at tamarind@infionline.net.
Frederic Benson went to Laos in 1968 with International Voluntary Services (IVS) and spent time at Vang Vieng (Vientiane Province) and Muong Phieng (Sayaboury Province) before being posted at Ban Thalat (the Nam Ngum 1 dam site in Vientiane Province). Due to local security issues, in 1969 Mr. Benson was reassigned by IVS to USAID's Office of Refugee Affair's team in Vientiane, from which he travelled throughout Laos, monitoring refugee movements. When his IVS service ended in 1970, he went to work as an Area Operations Officer at USAID's Office of Refugee Affairs and spent time working in Xieng Khouang and Houa Khong (now Bokeo) provinces before being based in Luang Phrabang Province. Mr. Benson left Laos in 1974 to attend graduate school in the United States and pursue a career in international business, which included postings and years of engagement throughout Asia.
As a Peace Corps volunteer in Thailand, Ernest Kuhn lived 21 months in a Hmong village near the border with Laos. Based on his Hmong experience, Mr. Kuhn joined USAID's Refugee Relief Program in 1965 and was stationed at USAID's north-eastern Laos headquarters in Sam Thong (Xieng Khouang Province), from which he covered predominately Hmong areas in Sam Neua and Xieng Khouang provinces. During this assignment Mr. Kuhn received the USAID Superior Honor Award and the Order of the Million Elephants and White Parasol from the King of Laos for his service in Sam Neua Province. Between 1970 and 1971 he worked in Ban Houei Sai (Louang Namtha Province), and, subsequently, from 1972-1975, in Vientiane until the Mission closed in 1975. Mr. Kuhn was a Foreign Service Officer who retired in 1994 after serving in Thailand, Laos, Philippines, Egypt and Indonesia for over 30 years.
Valued assistance in preparing this introductory information has been provided by Larry Ashmun, Southeast Asian Studies Bibliographer, and Ian Baird, Assistant Professor of Geography, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and affiliated with the University's Center for Southeast Asian Studies. Assistance has also been provided by former USAID refugee relief team members Wayne Johnson, Bill Sage, and Mac Thompson.


text:
Surgeon General calls youth vaping a public health threat
Mary Bowerman, USA TODAY Network
E-cigarette use among young people is a major health concern, according to a new report from the U.S. Surgeon General on Thursday.
Surgeon General Vivek Murthy said in the report that not enough research has been conducted to prove that use of e-cigarettes among youth are harmless.
"E-cigarettes went from being rare in 2010 to being the most common tobacco product used by our nation's youth," Murthy said during a press conference. "This represents a staggering development in a relatively short period of time, and it threatens 50 years of hard-fought progress we have made curbing tobacco use and puts a new generation at risk for ... addiction."
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, e-cigarette use among high school students rose from 1.5% in 2011 to 16% in 2015. Federal health officials estimate that about 3 million middle and high school students use e-cigarettes.
Feds announce much tougher e-cigarette, cigar rule
The potential safety of e-cigarettes, devices that heat a liquid consisting of nicotine, flavorings and other chemicals to create a vapor, is hotly debated. Unlike traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes do not contain tar or other chemicals generated by the combustion of tobacco that are responsible for harmful tobacco-related diseases. Proponents of e-cigarettes say they are a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and can help people quit smoking.
Nicotine is harmful to the developing brain regardless of whether it's smoked through a traditional cigarette or an e-cigarette, Benard Dreyer, President of American Academy of Pediatrics, said during the press conference.
"Nicotine… regardless of its source is highly addictive and has clear neurotoxic effects especially on the developing brains of adolescent and even into early adulthood," Dryer said.
For years, e-cigarettes have been largely unregulated, with many consumers unaware of what chemicals are used in their e-cigarette products. In May, the Food and Drug Administration released a rule that requires electronic cigarettes to be regulated much like tobacco cigarettes. The rule requires nearly every e-cigarette on the market — and every different flavor and nicotine level — to submit a separate application for federal approval.
While many may believe that e-cigarettes emit a harmless aerosol, that's not the case, Dreyer said.
"Aerosol from e-cigarettes is not harmless, it includes nicotine and other potentially harmful chemicals including heavy metals and carcinogens," Dreyer said, adding that second-hand inhalation should also be avoided. "Because there is no safe level of exposure, it is extremely important to protect children from these."
Study: New concerns raised over teen e-cigarette use
Contributing: Karina Shedrofsky, Jayne O'Donnell and Laura Ungar.

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White, Barbara. Polk County Enterprise (Livingston, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 68, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 26, 1993, newspaper, August 26, 1993; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth781958/m1/1/: accessed April 20, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, texashistory.unt.edu; .


text:
Eastern Aegean
Dragon Cave in Thassos
Thassos Dragon Cave: Panagia is a beautiful and lively village, among the richest and most important villages of Thassos. It is located on a gorge on the side of a mountain and it used to be the old capital of the island.
Only 7 kilometers from the main town and fifteen minutes from Panagia is the known Dragon Cave (Dracotrypa Cave) that literally means dragon hole. The cave is full of impressive stalactites and stalagmites and the visitor will be amazed at the beauty of the underground caves. In fact, the cave was named after a stalactite that had the shape of a dragon. Little is known about the cave as it is yet to be fully explored and studied in depth.
Greeka Photos Members Photos
Guest 2011-10
How to explore Drakotrypa
I dug around the Internet with the prefix Thassos and stumbled on this. Hm, very interesting, we have not seen this anywhere, and all of the websites marked under this MUST SEE. We decided that our curiosity and knowledge and share with you... Here are things that intrigue us to embark on this adventure... Greece, not only attracts impresivonom incredible beaches and architecture, but also the underground beauty. There are over 6000 known caves in Greece, many of them are open to the public. Panagia is a traditional village with a rich history. This is one of the richest and most important village on Thassos. It was built about 300 years ago. During the Byzantine period the place was called "Anastasion". It is not known when it received its present name. Shortly after the 1821 revolution, became the capital of the island. Location of the village, the narrow gorge between the mountains, is what makes it invisible from the open sea. The houses are covered with terraces, mountain stone roofs with wooden interior walls. Both the names of villages and the existence of 11 churches suggest strong religious beliefs population. We can see the church of St Athanasius, built in 1818, the church of Saint Constantine and Helen, St Haralambos, built in 1820, St John the Theologian, built in 1825, Saint Panteleimon, Saint George, built in 1835 and the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin (Panagia) built in 1845. The history of this temple is directly connected with the history of the village. Unfortunately, the exact timing of the church is unknown, but judging by the fact that the village was named after the church, it should be before 1821 (year of the Greek Revolution). The church was, according to tradition, consecrated by Metropolitan Anthimos. In the 18th century, the inhabitants of the ancient city of Thassos were forced, due to pirate attacks, to escape into the central part of the island and settle in Panagia. So the number of inhabitants in the village has increased significantly, and therefore the need for greater church. Works started in 1831 under the supervision of craftsmen from Kastoria, who were experts in church architecture. Construction work started with the financial assistance and Sotirios Avgoustisa Konstantinos Avgerinos, whose tombstone near the church, but since there were not enough funds for the completion of the magnificent temple they have requested the help of the Holy Mountain. The monastery that helped was Vatopedi, one of the richest. The church was built without a roof. In 1881 a new wooden iconostasis completed by craftsmen from Volos. Thanks to the workers from Kastoria, church has given many features of Byzantine churches in Kastoria. The dome is elevated and octagonal. Octagonal altar niche is a semi-circle. Its length reaches 27.5 meters, width of 18.6, while the height of 18 meters. The walls are built of marble from the quarries of Panagia. Noteworthy is the fact that the walls of marble from the ruins of ancient temples of Thassos. The architectural style of the church is a basilica with a dome with three passages and interior with semi-cylindrical vaults. The village has many sources and large plane trees in the center. Sea view is beautiful. Drakotrypa cave is located east of Panagia, the mountain rim. Small test excavations carried out in 1972 outside the cave confirmed the use of caves in ranobronzano time, but also in the Byzantine period. Here we find pottery from the Archaic period, ie, the vessels of the time, Mycenae, Corinth, Roman and Byzantine times. It is a cave with stalactites and stalagmites, but not sufficiently explored to its full width and depth. It was named after the appearance of stalactites, which form the dragon. In Drakotripa Panagia living in a cave a bat - the chicken coop. I'm not sure whether Drakotripa and Drakospilia are the same caves, but it is clear that the Panagia caves of great importance for nature conservation on the island (Drakotripa is known to have endemic species of invertebrates- snails) and they should have the protection of the the local authorities. And there goes our adventure: We are located in the center of Panagia (the right side of the restaurant "Platani", in front of us the right of the tavern "Elena", left homonymous garden restaurants and behind the school yard). After the tour we stopped and painting to oil mills to buy cold-pressed olive oil. Nice girl serve us, but have no idea about the cave and wait for the boss. He said: "Maybe a little late to go there now. It is not lit and there is not passable road." But is it a Serb ....!!! Move toward the center, I came across Elena, the owner of the restaurant and ask further. She says that he remembers that she went there with 7 years, and in spiders and bats. But even if the party asking for a cave for 20 years. He took to keeping a bucket of oil and one said that they would face upon return. Backfires. Behind the school yard a bit to the right and downhill (could be by car, but I do not recommend, more on foot). On the left we find the source (be drunk fresh mountain water). On the right side of the picture a beautiful view of the Golden Bay beach and come home to a beautiful orange white facade with beautiful pots and cultivated flowers. Then, watch out for the dogs on the right side of the road (are related, but one can climb up), stick to the left. Go further downhill, following the path, and screw in the bottom right of the street we come to the house (where the road swings to the left) where the pole we see only the label for directions to the cave. Turn right along the fence and follow the house as cleared the path. A little to the left, a little right. After sometime there is a D mark that indicates that you are on the right track. After ten minutes, we came to the end of the path and when you think that where there are no more, turn to the right look! A small path up and 10 meters, and look to the left. And here is the entrance to the cave! But we have not brought a flashlight! I enter the darkness 2-3 steps its way through the cobwebs and the meter starts to paint. We recommend that everyone does not forget a flashlight (no video, because the camera requires a minimum of light), and as we do not go in flip-flops and shorts! Go to there is only 15 minutes. We hope that you (if you have the least bit adventurous) to continue this story. We will definitely be back (with a torch!).
Our Travel Services in Thassos
Explore our travel services & make the most out of your Thassos holidays!


. . FEAGON . . see under Fegan .
FEALY . . see under Feely .
. . FEANEY . . see below under Feeney .
. . FEANNON . , see under Feenan .
. . FEARIS . . see under Ferris .
. . FEARLY . . see under Fairley .
FEARN . . see under Farne or Fearon .
. . FEARON . . click here for separate Fearon file .
. FEATTUS . . see below under Fettis .
. . FEDEN . . see under Feeron or Peden .
FEE . Dromara a student at Finnis Primary School c. 1927; click here for a class photo .
Miss Kitty FEE . Ardglass a student at St. Nicholas Primary School c. 1925; click here for a class photo .
Miss Mary FEE . Ardglass a student at St. Nicholas Primary School c. 1925; click here for a class photo .
Miss Sorella FEENAN . Ardglass a student at St. Nicholas Primary School c. 1925; click here for a class photo .
. . FEGAN . . click here for separate FEGAN file .
FEILLY . . see under Feely .
Miss Gertrude Jane FELTON .
. . FENAN . . see under Feenan .
FENIGAN . . see under Finnigan .
FENN . . son of Edwin & Mary Ann Fenn; husband of Frances Maud Fenn of Bigbury, Devon UK; a warrant officer with Royal Air Force #357151; died 27 May 1946 aged 49; buried Eglantine Church of Ireland graveyard; photo of grave available .
. . FENAN/ FENNAN . . see under Feenan .
. . FENIN . see above under Feenan .
. . FERAN . . click here for separate Feran file .
. . FERES . . see under Ferris .
. . FERGUSON . . click here for separate Ferguson file .
. . FERGIE . . also see Forgie .
FUGIE . Kilmore given 5/2 by Balllynahinch Presbyterian church as a probationer 22 Sep 1723; minister at Kilmore Presbyterian Church from 23 Oct 1728 until his death 3 May 1765 aged 82 ; Jane his wife died 8th July 1778 aged 75; father of Jane their eldest daughter who died 18th July 1779 aged 44; also father of Mrs Shaw, Mrs Hamilton, and Mrs Macquoid, and one son, William Fergie Esq.
. . FERIGAN . . see under Ferrigan .
. . FERIN . . click here for separate Ferin/Feran file .
. . FERIS . . see under Ferris .
. . FERLEY . . see under Fairley .
. FERNAN . . also see Farnon .
. . FEROL . . see under Farrell .
. . FERON . . click here for separate Feron file .
. . FERRAN . . click here for separate Ferran/Feran file .
FEROLL . . see under Farrell .
. . FERRILL . . see under Farrell .
. . FERRIS . . also see Ferries/ Ferrie .
Miss Eliza Jane FERRIS .
Miss Eliza Anne FERRIS .
Miss Mary Ann FARIS .
. . FERRON . . click here for separate Ferron file .
. . FERRY/ FERY . . see under Ferrie .
. . FETHERSTONE . . see above under Featherstone .
. . FEY . . also see Fay, Fie, & Fahey, Fee (above) .


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Премьера третьего сезона британского научно-фантастического телесериала «Доктор Кто» состоялась 31 марта 2007 года. Первым эпизодом. вышедшим в рамках этого сезона, стал «Смит и Джонс», однако ещё в декабре 2006 года был показан рождественский спецвыпуск «Сбежавшая невеста», который также стал одной из новых серий. Кроме того. 30 июня 2007 года, вместе с «Последним повелителем времени», был показан анимационный сериал «В поисках бесконечности», который до этого выходил только в рамках детского документального проекта «Весь "Доктор Кто"».

По сюжету Десятый Доктор в исполнении Дэвида Теннанта путешествует сквозь пространство и время при помощи ТАРДИС, живой машины времени, внешне напоминающей английскую синюю полицейскую будку 1960-х годов. Очень часто его сопровождают его спутники: в рождественском спецвыпуске спутницей является Донна Ноубл (Кэтрин Тейт), которая вернётся в этом качестве в четвёртом сезоне, а в основных сериях — Марта Джонс, роль которой исполнила Фрима Аджимен. Также в последних эпизодах сезона вернулся актёр Джон Барроумэн, который повторил свою роль капитана Джека Харкнесса. Все эпизоды связаны упоминанием имени некоего «мистера Саксона», которым, как выясняется в итоге, является заклятый враг Доктора, известный как Мастер. В сезоне появляется две инкарнации Мастера: одну из них сыграл Дерек Джекоби, позднее Мастер регенерировал в Саксона в исполнении Джона Симма.

О сериале
«Доктор Кто» (, МФА: ) — культовый британский научно-фантастический телесериал компании «Би-би-си» об инопланетном путешественнике во времени, известном как Доктор. Внесён в Книгу рекордов Гиннеса как самый продолжительный и успешный научно-фантастический сериал. Кроме того, шоу принято делить на две части: классические серии, транслировавшиеся с 1963 по 1989 год, и возрождённый сериал, выходящий с 2005 года по настоящее время.

Главный персонаж сериала «Доктор Кто», Доктор, является путешественником в пространстве и времени. Выглядит как человек, но относится к расе Повелителей Времени с планеты Галлифрей. Повелители Времени обладают способностью регенерировать (перерождаться) по мере попадания в смертельные ситуации. В результате регенерации Повелитель Времени полностью меняет свою внешность и частично — характер. Доктор считает себя последним Повелителем Времени. Лишённый своего дома, он спасает другие миры, в том числе и человечество.

В качестве способа передвижения Доктор использует ТАРДИС ( — Time And Relative Dimension(s) In Space) — живую машину времени и одновременно космический корабль, выглядящую как английская синяя полицейская будка из 1960-х годов, но вмещающую в себя гораздо больше, чем кажется («она больше внутри, чем снаружи»). В качестве подручного инструмента для осуществления мелких операций с предметами (запирание-отпирание замков, починка приборов, сканирование чего-либо и т. п.) им применяется звуковая отвёртка. Доктор обладает нечеловеческим интеллектом.

В данном сезоне Десятый Доктор продолжает путешествовать сквозь пространство и время со своими спутницами. В рождественском спецвыпуске «Сбежавшая невеста» он встречает девушку по имени Донна Ноубл, однако она станет его спутницей только в четвёртом сезоне. Основной спутницей этого сезона становится Марта Джонс, студентка-медик. Марта знакомится с Доктором в первой серии и безоглядно влюбляется в него, Доктор же не может забыть Розу и испытывает к Марте лишь дружеские чувства, но при этом нуждается в ней просто как в близком человеке; на этом фоне проходят совместные приключения героев в течение всего сезона. В последней серии Марта уходит, решив порвать с Повелителем Времени, чтобы прекратить мучительные и бесперспективные отношения.

Эпизоды

В «Пробке» появляются существа под названием Макра, которые ранее были замечены в серии 4 сезона классики «Террор Макра». Это уже четвёртая раса существ из классического сериала, которая была показана в новых сериях, до этого «вернулись» только автоны, далеки и киберлюди.

Три эпизода представляют собой адаптации более ранних работ. Состоящую из двух частей историю «Человеческая природа» / «Семья крови» сценарист Пол Корнелл написал на основе своего же собственного романа «Человеческая природа», который вышел в рамках цикла «Приключения для Новых серий». Сценарий к серии «Не моргай» адаптацией рассказа Стивена Моффата «"Что я делала на рождественские каникулы" Салли Спэрроу», опубликованном в выпуске Doctor Who Annual за 2006 год.

В «Человеческой природе» также впервые были представлены изображения всех предыдущих Докторов, вплоть до Девятого, появившиеся в книге The Journal of Impossible Things.

Дополнительные эпизоды
Помимо основных серий третьего сезона, в рамках детского документального проекта «Весь "Доктор Кто"» на канале CBBC (то есть Children's BBC — дочерний канал BBC, предназначенный для детской аудитории) выходил анимационный сериал «В поисках бесконечности», состоящий из 13 эпизодов, каждый из которых имел хронометраж около трёх с половиной минут. 30 июня 2007 года был показан смонтированный в одну стандартную серию вариант «В поисках бесконечности».

Подбор актёров

Основные персонажи
Третий сезон стал вторым по счёту, в котором появился Дэвид Теннант, и его персонажа, Десятого Доктора, сопровождали три спутника: Донна Ноубл, Марта Джонс и Джек Харкнесс.

Актриса и комик Кэтрин Тейт первоначально появилась в рождественском спецвыпуске как спутница на одну серию. В конце эпизода её персонаж, Донна Ноубл, упускает шанс попасть в ТАРДИС, однако возвращается в качестве постоянной спутницы в следующем сезоне.

После того, как Билли Пайпер покинула проект после второго сезона сериалу нужна была новая постоянная спутница вместо Розы Тайлер. 5 июля 2006 года BBC объявили, что ею стала Марта Джонс в исполнении Фримы Адмиман. Актриса ранее уже появлялась в состоящей из двух частей истории «Армия призраков» / «Судный день» в качестве другого персонажа. также, в последней истории сезона, впервые включающей три эпизода, вернулся Джек Харкнесс, роль которого вновь сыграл Джон Барроумен.

Второстепенные и эпизодические персонажи
Из повторяющихся персонажей в сезоне появляется семья Марты, членов которой сыграли Адджоа Андо, Тревор Лэрд, Гугу Мбата-Роу и Реджи Йетс.

Также в отдельных сериях появились такие актёры как Тельма Барлоу, Райан Карнс, Кристина Коул, Мишель Коллинз, Ленора Кричлоу, Энтони Флэнаган, Эндрю Гарфилд, Люси Гаскелл, Марк Гэтисс, Дон Гилет, Дженнифер Хеннесси, Джессика Хайнс, Дерек Джекоби, Дин Леннокс Келли, Мэтт Кинг, Крис Ларкин, Гарри Ллойд, Стивен Маркус, Рой Марсден, McFly, Кэри Маллиган, Майкл Обиора, Ардал О'Хэнлон, Трэвис Оливер, Шэрон Осборн, Сара Пэриш, Анджела Плезенс, Хью Куарши, Миранда Рэйсон, Энн Райд, Томас Броди-Сангстер, Джон Симм и Энн Уиддекомб.

Производство

Начальный этап
16 июня 2005 года, после успеха первого сезона, BBC решили продлить сериал ещё раз, всего через два месяца после заказа второго.

Работа над сценарием
В третьем сезоне в качестве сценаристов выступили Гарет Робертс, который до этого работал над интерактивным эпизодом «Атака Граска» и «Тардисодами», Хелен Рейнор, также одна из редакторов сценариев, Крис Чибнелл, который являлся шоураннером «Торчвуда», спин-оффа «Доктора Кто», и Стивен Гринхорн. Кроме того, Пол Корнелл, Стивен Моффат и Рассел Ти Дейвис продолжили писать для сериала, а последний снова принял на себя обязанности шоураннера.

Все эпизоды третьего сезона связаны упоминанием имени Гарольда Саксона, под которым скрывается Повелитель времени, известный как Мастер. Впервые оно упоминается ещё в «Сбежавшей невесте: именно по его приказу военные расстреливают вошедший в атмосферу Земли корабль арахноидов. Также и другие эпизоды показывали нечто, что было связано с Мастером. Эксперименты в сериях «42» и «Эксперимент Лазаруса» проводились непосредственно под его контролем. Лицо Бо хранило тайну, связанную с Мастером. Одно из воплощений Мастера, доктор Яно, использует такие же часы-«луковицу», чтобы скрыть свои мысли и сущность Повелителя времени, что и Доктор в «Человеческой природе» / «Семье крови».

Съёмки
Съёмки рождественского спецвыпуска стартовали 4 июля 2006 года, в то время как производство остальных серий длилось с 8 августа 2006 года  по 2 апреля 2007 года. Эйрос Лин, Чарльз Палмер, Ричард Кларк, Джеймс Стронг, Грэм Харпер, Хетти Макдональд и Колин Тигу заняли место режиссёров. В качестве продюсеров сезона выступили Фил Колинсон и Сьюзи Лиггет, исполнительных продюсеров — Рассел Ти Дейвис, Джули Гарднер.

Производственные блоки расположились следующим образом:

В рамках третьего сезона также был снят анимационный телесериал «В поисках бесконечности», который был впоследствии показан как часть детского документального проекта «Весь Доктор Кто».

Реакция

Критика
Арнольд Т Блюмберг, пишущий для сайта IGN, остался очень доволен просмотром третьего сезона и поставил ему оценку 9 из 10 возможных (с пометкой «Удивительно»). Он похвалил актёрскую игру Теннанта, Аджиман и Джона Симма, а также «ловкий ход» с раскрытием настоящей личности персонажа последнего. По его словам «уверено выйдя в эфир, на волне успеха, третий сезон "Доктора Кто" — мощное путешествие сквозь пространство и время…, он уже не может быть лучше, чем есть». Ник Лайонс, критик из DVD Talk, также очень положительно оценил третий сезон: «он на одном уровне с предыдущими двумя сезонами возрождённого сериала». По его мнению образ Марты «несомненно понравится поклонникам». Критик оценил сезон в четыре с половиной звезды из пяти возможных.

Награды и номинации

Релиз

Трансляция
Премьера третьего сезона состоялась 31 марта 2007 года с выходом эпизода «Смит и Джонс». Финальный эпизод сезона, «Последний повелитель времени», увидел свет 30 июня 2007 года. Как и в случае двух предыдущих сезонов, после каждой серии на BBC Three выходил соответствующий выпуск «Доктора Кто: Конфиденциально».

Выход на DVD и Blu-Ray

Саундтрек

5 ноября 2007 года лейбл Silva Screen Records выпустил полный саундтрек третьего сезона, который также включал музыку из рождественского спецвыпуска «Путешествие проклятых».

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Сезоны телесериала «Доктор Кто»
Эпизоды с Десятым Доктором
Списки:Доктор Кто
Телесезоны 2007 года

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Modern Art Essay
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Contemporary adeptness as a cultural phenomenon has relatively recently become the subject of theoretical research, in which an attempt is made to comprehend and embrace the disjointed tendencies of the adeptness of the last decades with a consistent notion. This phenomenon continues to raise questions for researchers, without consideration of which it is difficult to analyze. The main one is the definition of the term "modern art."
The term "contemporary art" is blurred, applied both to the adeptness of the last decades and to the phenomena of an adeptness of the second half of the XIX century. The difficulty of its interpretation is mainly due to the fact that the process of the formation of modern adeptness as a direction has not been completed, so we can only talk about forms, methods, details and structural elements of this phenomenon.
What were the Origins of Modern Art?
Modern adeptness has more than a century and a half history; its beginning is associated with the appearance of impressionism. This artistic direction first openly violated the pictorial canons of realistic adeptness and offered a new approach to artistic creativity, based not on naive copying of nature, but on the transmission of a living subjective impression of it. Approximately at the same time, the invention of photography took place, which influenced the further development of painting in the most radical way.
When Did Modern Art Begin?
The chronology of "modern adeptness," according to researchers, should start from 1945, when the movement of the meditated adeptness scene from Paris to New York occurred. If to consider this issue from the point of view of the evolution of art, the most logical turning point is the emergence of conceptual adeptness in the early 1960s. Nevertheless, the crisis point in the development of modernism was the conflict between abstract and figurative adeptness, which continued to apply traditional methods of painting and sculpture. In addition, almost at the same time, there is a transition from modernism to postmodernism. In the form in which contemporary adeptness exists today, it begins to form in the 1960s and 1970s, when artists were looking for an adequate alternative to modernism in the form of new artistic practices: performance, happening, conceptual adeptness and minimalism.
What is the Main Characteristic of Modern Art?
Principles and values of society always implicitly influence the formation of styles in art.
Any style passes several phases (origination, flowering, and decline).
One style always causes the appearance of the next not only along the vertical guide but also along all possible branches and stylistic forms.
Modern Photographic Art
Modern adeptness of photography transcends through limitations, turning from photography into art. It admits techniques that are outside the classical shooting. It can be both the latest methods, for example, computer graphics, and very old methods of processing, materials or devices such as coarse-grained photo materials, silver bromide photographic paper, monocular lenses, toning, and others.
Modern architecture is a motley, diverse world. The main feature is that the architecture developed in parallel with the development of modern construction. The best architects-builders were also theorists-researchers of architecture. Very often their innovative ideas at first did not find support and were realized in individual buildings, and only then they received universal recognition and dissemination. This meant a new round of the development of art, and the architects were the creators of new styles and trends in art.
What are the Most Important Movements of Modern Art?
The most influential movements of "modern art" are the following.
(1) Impressionism
It is a trend in the adeptness of the last third of the XIX-early XX century, which arose in France. Impressionism claimed the beauty of the real world, emphasizing the freshness of the first impression, the variability of the surrounding. Priority attention to the solution of purely pictorial problems reduced the traditional idea of drawing as the main component of the work of art.
(2) Fauvism
This is an avant-garde trend in the French adeptness of the 20th century. Fauvists were characterized by a tendency to the laconic expressiveness of forms and intensive color solutions, the search for impulses in primitive art, the adeptness of the Middle Ages and the East.
(3) Cubism
This is the direction in the first sentence of the twentieth century. The placid language of cubism was based on deflation and the spread of ideas on a geomagnetic flaw, the plastic shift of the form.
(4) Futurism
This is a literally-inspired direction in the design of the 1910-x years. The main idea of futurism was the destroying of cultural stereotypes since this direction considered itself as an adeptness of the future.
(5) Expressionism
This is the direction in art, the emotional focus of which is a person with a wounded, sick soul. In the works of expressionists, the perspective, plans, proportions, color, and light arbitrarily change and are exaggerated for the sake of enhancing expression.
(6) Dada
This is an avant-garde nihilistic movement that originated in Switzerland during the First World War. This style arose as a reaction to the horrors of war, the senselessness of destroying human lives. Dadaists considered rationalism and logic the main causes of all armed conflicts, so the fundamental values of their artistic movement were cynicism, lack of aesthetics, denial of standards, irrationality, and disappointment.
(7) Surrealism
Surrealism expressed the idea of existence beyond the limits of the real, the absurd, the unconscious; the dreams become especially important here. One of the characteristic methods of the surrealist artist is the removal from conscious creativity.
(8) Abstract Expressionism
This is the direction of abstract adeptness in which free abstract compositions are created with a large stroke.
(9) Pop Art
It is characterized by the use and processing of symbolic and iconic objects of advertising products and mass culture. Artists, seeking the glossiness and visibility of their creations, use the poetic language of labels and advertisements. Signs of popular culture are played differently in pop art, but always in unexpected and absurd combinations, thus the artist seeks to separate the thing from the myth, to show its true meaning.
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SPRINGFIELD -- Lt. Gov. Karyn Polito helped BusinessWest magazine and mountaineer Lei Wang -- the first Chinese woman and the first Asian-American to complete the Explorers Grand Slam -- to celebrate seven "Women of Impact" Thursday.
Polito took the occasion to highlight her continued work on issues of women's economic and physical security. Look for a major public awareness campaign in the new year aimed at combating domestic violence. It'll be the first time in decades the state will have done a similar education campaign in the media.
She also promised to continue working on women's economic security through education. Of particular emphasis is STEM -- science, technology, engineering and math.
"We are the most innovative state in the nation," Polito told a crowd at The Sheraton Springfield. "That's where the good jobs are."
This is the first year that Business West has recognized Women of Impact with what it hopes make into an annual awards luncheon.
Colleen Loveless, president and CEO, Revitalize Community Development Corp.
Lei took the audience on a journey with her to the top of the tallest peak on each of the seven continents and by cross country ski to both the North and South poles. Those achievements make up the Explorers Grand Slam.
But she also took her audience on an inner journey. She described herself as a "bookworm" who studied all the time and was afraid to walk a few blocks from her Boston apartment to the Charles River.
Lei, who grew up in Beijing, watched a movie about Mount Everest and decided not just to climb it, but also to tackle all seven peaks and both poles.
She described struggling to reach the top of Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa only to find not a triumphant peak, but the rim of a volcanic crater. That's a way to think about life, she said.
"Sometimes success is not out there. It's within yourself," she said. "The triumph is not an outside goal, but its the lessons you learn about yourself on the way."


Saturday night. The house party started at 7pm. I arrived at 7.45pm. Fashionably late, of course. I slipped out of my glittery black loafers, and into my holiday slippers. No, I'm not a 60-year-old woman, but do send help; I just posed my shoes for a photo-opp.
Good food, great people, and awesome random conversations.
One conversation stands out because it was one where I realized I'm a preacher, a broken record. I find that I'm constantly telling people to directly voice their concerns (with other friends) about behaviour limits.
The group conversation was about a mutual friend who's constantly bitching about the same thing/people. Same old conversation every time you connect.
I think the listener should assertively ask the speaker to cut it out, and say why (of course, there'd be a better choice of words).
This type of response is not healthy, and assists to continue the damaging behaviour. Friends have a duty to ensure the well-being of their friends, and sometimes it takes tough love to get the job done. And, why should the listener continually be 'brought down' because of the unsolicited negativity? Sure, to listen to a friend vent once or twice is completely appropriate, but eventually the listener needs to draw the line –for his/her own sanity, but also to snap the friend out of whatever distress s/he is experiencing.
It's okay to share personal boundaries, and to also give constructive feedback. People can't change what they may not know about themselves.
Believe it or not, people don't learn telepathically.
And, maybe I have a little work to do with tolerance, compassion and patience.
Rainbow thought: Prioritize yourself by recognizing and sharing your boundaries. You deserve to be first in your books.


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Daily Deals: Buy the New Nintendo Switch, Get $30 in Free Amazon Credit
Here are Switch, PS4, and Xbox console deals that are all better than Black Friday.
By Eric Song
Updated: 10 Dec 2019 1:55 pm
Posted: 9 Dec 2019 7:17 pm
Want more deals? Join the IGN Deals Newsletter.
Today's spotlight deal is a new Switch Bundle that popped up over the weekend. It's nothing fancy, but discount-wise it's the best Switch deal we've seen so far this year. There are also some Xbox and PS4 console deals that are better than what we saw on Black Friday and Cyber Monday. Check them out here.
Nintendo Switch (New Gen 2 with Bigger Battery) Plus Bonus $30 Amazon Credit for $299.99
Use code "D3E2CDJ6GB6S"
This Switch deal beats any that we found on Black Friday or Cyber Monday. The $30 Amazon credit is as good as cash since you can use it on anything at Amazon.com, not just games. Unlike the infamous Nintendo Switch Mario Kart Bundle on Black Friday, this is the second generation Switch V2 console with the extended battery life.
Use code "D3E2CDJ6GB6S" to get it in Gray on Amazon for $299
Use code "D3E2CDJ6GB6S" to get it in Neon on Amazon for $299
Best Buy matched this deal, but with their own gift card
New Nintendo Switch Bundle with Mario Red Joy-Cons, $20 eShop Credit, and Red Case for $299
The coolest Nintendo Switch bundle for the holiday season surprisingly comes after the Black Friday and Cyber Monday frenzy. This Walmart exclusive bundle includes with the new Switch V2, an incredible looking pair of Mario Red Joy-Cons, previously only accessible with the rare Mario Odyssey bundle. Unfortunately at this point, you can buy it online but you have to pick it up in-store. You better hurry before the Christmas rush.
Get it for in-store pickup at Walmart for $299
Anker PowerCore Slim 10,000mAh Power Delivery USB Type-C Power Bank is Perfect for Switch
Anker makes the only official Switch power bank. For less than half the price, you get a power bank from the same brand with roughly the same battery capacity (can charge a Switch three times over), the same USB-PD Type C charging interface, and a slimmer design. This power bank can charge the Switch at up to 18W, equal to the official Nintendo AC adapter, and it will even charge your Switch while you're playing a game.
Get it on Amazon for $25.99
Xbox One X NBA 2K19 Bundle for $279.99
This is the least expensive Xbox One X console we've ever seen, brand new and in retail packaging. It's a full $70 cheaper than any Xbox One X bundle on Black Friday. NBA 2K19 might not be that new, but sign up for 3 months of Xbox Game Pass for $1 and you can play other big titles like Gears 5, The Outer Worlds, and Forza Horizon 4.
Get it at Walmart (via antonline) for $279
Black Friday Xbox One X Bundles Back With Bonus
The two most popular Xbox One X bundles on Black Friday are back at Walmart: Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order and NBA 2K20. This time around, for no additional price premium, you also get a second PowerA wired controller for free.
Get the Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order Bundle at Walmart for $349
Get the NBA 2K20 Bundle at Walmart for $349
PS4 Pro With Marvel's Spider-Man for $279.99
This PS4 Pro deal beats any we saw on Black Friday. Not only is it $20 cheaper than any of the Black Friday deals, it comes with an excellent game. Since there are no good PS4 Slim deals right now, this is the PS4 console deal to get. Unlike the Slim, the PS4 Pro can play games in enhanced 4K with HDR support. This is also the system to choose for the PSVR.
Get it on eBay for $279.99
New Release: 25% off Game of Thrones: The Complete Seasons 1-8 (Collectors Edition Blu-ray)
Here's a chance for you to score the entire Game of Thrones series on Blu-ray. This set was released earlier in December and is ready to ship out immediately. It's currently on sale at the Warner Bros official store for $330, but Amazon has it for 25% less. The collector's edition is packaged in a wooden shadow box case with gorgeous multi-layered panel designs. Each season is represented by a different layer, showcasing iconic characters and memorable moments from the show, all clambering toward the Iron Throne. The set also contains a "Hand of the King" pin clasp, which holds all nine custom plated disc sleeves, as well as 15 hours of bonus content and never-before-seen footage.
Get it on Amazon for $249.95
Anki OverDrive Fast & Furious Edition for $39.99
At this price, this set is even cheaper than the original Anki OverDrive Starter Kit. The Anki Overdrive is a really sweet slot-car racing track, except that these cars are microprocessor controlled and don't need slots or grooves to move around the track. The Fast & Furious Starter Kit includes everything the original Starter Kit has but it swaps out the two default cars with those lifted from the Fast & Furious franchise and tosses in extra track pieces. Because kids don't actually need to maneuver the vehicles if they don't want to (or can't), this makes a really cool toy for all ages. The original MSRP was a whopping $170, so why is it so cheap? Anki actually went out of business earlier this year, and Amazon is probably liquidating inventory. Once these units are gone, they're probably gone forever.
Buy an Apple iPhone 11, Get One Free at Verizon
This sponsored deal is brought to you by Verizon Wireless.
Sign up for a Verizon Unlimited plan and purchase either an iPhone XS Max or iPhone 11 and get $700 in credits good towards a second iPhone (the iPhone 11 has an MSRP of $699.99). You'll need to add both phones to your cart at the same time and add one new line. For a limited time, you'll also get get 1 year of Disney+ subscription for free with an Unlimited plan.
From Verizon Wireless
More New Deals for Today:
20-Pack Amazon AAA Batteries for $4.22 (use Subscribe & Save)
20-Pack Amazon AA Batteries for $5.22 (use Subscribe & Save)
Anthem Legion of Dawn Edition (PS4) for $5 at Gamestop
Apple HomePod Smart Speaker for $199.99 at Best Buy
Catan the Board Game for $24.99 on Amazon
Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age (Switch) for $24.99 on Amazon
Instant Pot DUO60 6qt 7-in-1 Electric Pressure Cooker for $49 on Amazon
LG 34WN80C-B 34" 3440x1440 HDR10 IPS Monitor for $469.99 on Amazon
Logitech G502 SE Hero RGB Gaming Mouse for $29.99 on Amazon
Microsoft Surface Pro 6 i5 Tablet with Keyboard for $749.99 on Amazon
Monster Hunter World (PS4 or Xbox) for $17 on Amazon
Nier Automata Game of the Yorha Edition (PS4) for $19.99 on Amazon
PS4 DualShock Wireless Controller for $39.72 on Amazon
Razer Blade Stealth 13" Intel Core i7 Laptop (2.82lbs) for $899 at Walmart
SanDisk SSD Plus 240GB SATA Solid State Drive (SSD) for $32.80 on Amazon
Bose 700 Noise Cancelling Wireless Headphones for $349 on Amazon
Sony WH-1000XM3 Noise Cancelling Wireless Headphones for $278 on Amazon
Xbox One X All-Digital Edition with 3 Games for $159.99 at Walmart
Eric Song is IGN's deal curator and spends 25% of his pay on stuff he posts.


Stainless Steel Association (SSA) is an organization gathering major Polish companies operating in the stainless steel market. We carry on the work, achievements, and impressive heritage of the entire industry collected over the years of activity. The largest, and highly professional trading and processing organizations operating in Poland, who have at their disposal modern machinery and equipment, services potential and knowledge, are members of the Association.


WEBINAR: Risk culture or risky culture?
Join Francois Blouin, Senior Manager, Risk Management – Culture and Transformation at National Bank of Canada and Alex Sidorenko, RISK-ACADEMY, to talk about risk culture and what it means to an organization. We will try to share some fun and practical stories and steps we took to create, strengthen, encourage risk culture. REGISTER: https://events.genndi.com/channel/riskculture Here is… Continue reading WEBINAR: Risk culture or risky culture?


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Home Academics Mika Salminen is the Alumnus of the Year of the University of...
Mika Salminen is the Alumnus of the Year of the University of Helsinki
THL Director of Health Security Mika Salminen finds that the sense of proportion is too easily lost in the middle of crises.
The Helsinki University Alumni Association has chosen Mika Salminen, the Director of Health Security at the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos, THL), as Alumnus of the Year 2021.
The Alumnus of the Year is a positive ambassador for the University of Helsinki. A person who has, with their activities, provided support to the principles of the University of Helsinki and to the appreciation of academic education and boosted the academic spirit of Helsinki is annually chosen for the task.
As the Alumnus of the Year, Salminen intends to speak at least about the importance of observing the impact of restrictions on the society as a whole in the midst of the corona pandemic.
– The sense of proportion is easily lost in the middle of a crisis. Some of the elderly take the warnings so literally that they do not go out at all. That's when their condition will collapse and become dangerously weak.
A virologist who turned to reducing risks to public health
Born in 1965, Salminen started studying microbiology at the Faculty of Science of the University of Helsinki in 1984 and widely studied biochemistry and genetics as minor subjects.
In the final stage of his studies, Salminen turned to virology. In his master's thesis completed in 1990, he discovered new subtypes of the HI virus in cooperation with Finnish-Swedish-Ethiopian and Finnish-Russian-Baltic researcher teams.
Salminen defended his doctoral thesis in 1994. The subject of his compilation-based English-language thesis was the identification of genetic subtypes of the HIV-1 virus.
In 1996, Salminen studied the HIV epidemics spreading among drug users in the territory of the former Soviet Union. A visit to Kaliningrad, where the social situation had become thoroughly miserable, was an eye-opener.
– That opened my eyes. Everything is not just biology. The circumstances that people have experienced have an impact on what crises they encountered. That's when work on public health started to interest me.
In the late 1990s, Salminen worked as Head of HIV unit at the National Public Health Institute (Kansanterveyslaitos, KTL), the precursor of the present-day THL. At the time, he was introducing, with many others, the harm reduction approach to dealing with the drug problem in Finland. The aim was not to stop drug use altogether but to reduce the harm it caused.
Instead of punishments, narcomaniacs were given clean needles, methadone replacement treatment, counselling, food, and an opportunity to wash laundry.
"One does not have to take every criticism personally"
Salminen became a national celebrity in March this year because, as Director of the Department for Health Security at THL, he was tasked with explaining at press conferences why the spreading of the coronavirus was fought the way it was.
At the same time, it seemed in social media that there were thousands of rivalling virologists and epidemiologists in Finland who challenged Salminen as to how the crisis was really to be dealt with.
– At first, it caused some anxiety. Then one learned to live with it. One does not have to take every quip and every criticism personally, Salminen says.
– I try to present things as well as possible given the information available. You cannot go totally wrong like that, and if you do, you must allow that for yourself as well. Mistakes cannot be avoided in a long crisis and must be learned from.
Salminen points out that it is easy to come up with all sorts of outside suggestions and trial balloons but an authority must consider how to implement measures and execute orders in practice and envisage all of their possible consequences.
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SBI bags two Brandon Hall Technology Excellence Awards for 'e-RBC' & 'e-Gyanshala' Learning Initiatives
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The passion. The pageantry. The traditions. The countdown to 150 years of the greatest game has started!
Do You Have What It Takes to Make the Hall?
We Are Thankful for Football!
So Much Football. So Little Time!
When college football experts and historians list the game's most intense rivalries, Ohio State vs. Michigan is definitely near the top of anyone's list. The neighboring states have had a stormy relationship since a border dispute in 1835 called "The Toledo War," nearly broke into a shooting war.
Records came crashing down this week in college football, and these players turned in showings that are worthy enough to be considered as Hall of Fame Performers of the Week. Leading the way is Wisconsin RB Melvin Gordon, who absolutely shattered the single-game rushing mark in a rout of Nebraska.


The Economic Development Authority (EDA) of the City of Portsmouth, Virginia is a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Virginia created by City Council in 1968. The EDA is comprised of seven (7) City Council-appointed Commissioners serving staggered four (4) year terms. A few of the powers specifically granted to Economic Development Authorities by the General Assembly include the authority to: acquire or dispose of property at, below or above market value; own or lease property; make loans or grants; and issue Council-approved bonds. The EDA uses its powers to work closely with the Department of Economic Development to attract and retain business and support development in Portsmouth.
The EDA holds its regular monthly meetings on the 3rd Tuesday of each month at 8:00 AM in the City Council Conference Room on the sixth (6th) Floor of Portsmouth City Hall at 801 Crawford Street.


Grab your popcorn, this is going to be good.
Luxury beanbags, mountains of popcorn and box office hits under the stars. The next event from The Alfresco Film Company has been announced and it sounds amazing.
Following a successful debut at the venue in July where more than 500 film fans turned out at Beechenhurst for screenings of Hot Fuzz, The Goonies and La Land, Alfresco Film are back in September with screenings of the magical Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Fri 1 Sept) and eighties Patrick Swayze classic Dirty Dancing (Sat 2 Sept).
Visitors can expect to enjoy the films in high definition on a giant, 8m wide screen, with crystal clear cinema sound and great food and drink served up by regional producers, with outdoor recliner beanbags and deckchairs with blankets and popcorn available for the complete alfresco experience.
"This time around we've gone with two nights; screenings of the family-friendly original Harry Potter movie, a film and book series that has numerous links to the Forest of Dean, plus the eighties classic Dirty Dancing, which works brilliantly among the trees and always draws an enthusiastic crowd."
Standard entry tickets are on sale now, priced at £12.50 for adults and £9.50 for children, with a limited number of 'premium tickets' still available for Harry Potter only, priced at £17.50 and offering beanbags and deckchairs in the best seating positions, plus blankets and free popcorn.


Hamilton, W. M. & Hamilton, H. V., Jr. Palestine Daily Herald (Palestine, Tex), Vol. 3, No. 242, Ed. 1, Monday, April 17, 1905, newspaper, April 17, 1905; (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth67805/m1/3/: accessed April 25, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, texashistory.unt.edu; .


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The Bell Building in Hamilton Springs has now reached full capacity.
XAVIER SMITH
The Bell Building, a retail space located in the Hamilton Springs development, recently reached full capacity, marking another milestone in the development's progress.
Several businesses have joined original tenants Body Kneads Etc., Body Kneads Boutique Fitness and Body Kneads Coffee Co., including McBrien Law Group, which focuses on business development and contract law and more; Graham Insurance, which specializes in the sales and servicing of personal home, auto, life and business insurance and Laura Headley, an Edward Jones Financial advisor.
"Hamilton Springs is something unique, something special and we're lucky to have it in our community," Graham said. "We chose to locate our office here for this very reason, and my hope is that people could say the same of my business. My hat's off to Jack and Rick Bell for making all of this possible."
The Bell Building is the first of several planned commercial and retail spaces at Hamilton Springs, a transit-oriented development on the west side of Lebanon. The Hamilton Springs train station opened last year, while the Hamilton Springs apartment complex, featuring 396 units, is about 96 percent occupied.
Gross Builders will build The Traditions at Hamilton Springs, a 250-unit development for the 55 and up community, this year on the property's west end. Future plans for the community call for a Village Center, walkable suburban district, traditional suburban district and more.
Bell Building
Body Kneads Coffee Co.


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Rewire News Group
In North Carolina Special Election, Who Is the Most Anti-Choice of Them All? (Updated)
Search Rewire News Group
Use quotes to search for exact phrases. Use AND/OR/NOT between keywords or phrases for more precise search results.
Culture & Conversation Law and Policy
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Women Speak Out PAC, a partner of anti-choice group Susan B. Anthony List, has donated $75,000 to Dr. Joan Perry, a Republican candidate in North Carolina's 3rd District special election.
One of Joan Perry's ads, which was featured in Susan B. Anthony List's press release about her, says, "Late-term abortion and infanticide are not North Carolina values." That language, is not based in medical science, but rather an anti-choice myth that is routinely cited by Republicans on every level of government, including the White House.
Joan Perry / YouTube
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We'll Hear Arguments
We're going back in time to examine the arguments that made Roe v. Wade a real-life courtroom drama in this limited 5 part podcast mini series.
UPDATE, May 1, 1:52 p.m.: Dr. Joan Perry advanced to a two-person runoff in the special election in North Carolina's 3rd District, CBS reports. The runoff is scheduled for July 9.
An anti-choice organization is lining up behind one of the most vociferous opponents of abortion rights in an upcoming congressional special election in North Carolina.
Women Speak Out PAC, a partner of anti-choice group Susan B. Anthony List, has donated $75,000 to Dr. Joan Perry, a Republican candidate in North Carolina's 3rd District special election, with primaries slated for April 30. Pro-choice advocates see this as a sign of abortion rights foes' local election strategy across the United States: throw funding behind anti-choice candidates who use inflammatory rhetoric that's becoming common in mainstream politics.
According to a press release from Susan B. Anthony List, "The $75,000 campaign consists of voter mail, phone calls, as well as digital ads aimed at turning out pro-life primary voters to vote early beginning April 10 or on election day, April 30th."
Sex. Abortion. Parenthood. Power.
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The general election—or primary runoffs, if necessary—to fill the vacated seat in the U.S. House of Representatives will be held July 9.
Twenty-six candidates are running in the April 30 primary—six Democrats, two libertarians, and 17 Republicans, including Perry. Though there is no clear frontrunner in the election, according to Politico, Perry is third in fundraising, having raised $154,345. The top fundraiser, state Rep. Gregory Murphy (R), who is against abortion rights, has raised almost twice that, with $317,994. Murphy is followed by Democratic candidate and former Greenville mayor Allen Thomas, who has raised $255,390, according to Federal Election Commission data.
Perry describes herself as a "pro-life pediatrician who's dedicated my life to serving God and loving my neighbors," according to the New Bern Sun Journal. She supports President Trump's border wall, the discriminatory Hyde Amendment, defunding Planned Parenthood, and passing the "Pain Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," she told the Journal. Perry, who said she's running for office because state lawmakers in New York and Virginia have tried to safeguard abortion rights, erroneously credited the president for restoring the Hyde Amendment, an annual budget rider.
Heidi Sieck, co-founder and CEO of #VOTEPROCHOICE, an advocacy group that helps pro-choice candidates, told Rewire.News that the district's special election is an example of the "anti-choice minority['s]" strategy "to gain power where possible, knowing that they're up against" the majority of people in the United States who support abortion rights.
In North Carolina's 3rd District, Sieck said, "you've got all of these Republican candidates who are running," and "the anti-choice minority throws money behind the most staunchly anti-choice candidate," who happens to be Perry.
Though the district is rated strongly Republican by the Cook Partisan Voter Index, EQV Analytics notes that registered Democrats outnumber registered Republicans in the district, 50.1 to 49.9 percent. Tara Romano, executive director of NARAL Pro-Choice North Carolina, told Rewire.News that the trend extends across the state—there are more registered Democrats, which is why Republican dominance in the special election field, and across the state, doesn't reflect North Carolinians and "how they feel about abortion access."
North Carolina has 13 congressional districts, with two seats now vacant. Romano noted that when they were all full, ten were occupied by Republicans and three by Democrats. And though support for abortion doesn't always fall along party lines, it does in North Carolina, where Romano said all of the top Republicans running for election in North Carolina's 3rd District special election are opposed to abortion rights.
"When you have gerrymandered districts, you don't have a government that represents the will of the people and … the things that are important to them," Romano said. A plurality of North Carolinians, regardless of their personal beliefs about abortion, don't think it should be illegal, and that's "not reflected in our general assembly and the state, and it's certainly not reflected in the congressional delegation that is in the House."
Romano said low voter turnout in this year's special election is a major concern for pro-choice activists. Consultant William Busa told Politico that Democratic turnout has been low so far in the 3rd District, likely because GOP Rep. Walter Jones, who died in February, never faced a serious challenger. EQV Analytics, founded by Busa, noted, "In order to have any hope of winning the general election in July, Democrats will need to launch a massive get-out-the-vote ground game in NC03."
Pro-choice advocates and Democrats in the district are facing off against inflammatory language meant to energize anti-choice voters. One of Perry's ads, which was featured in Susan B. Anthony List's press release about her, says, "Late-term abortion and infanticide are not North Carolina values."
That language is not based in medical science, but rather an anti-choice myth that is routinely cited by Republicans at every level of government, including the White House. The story in North Carolina's 3rd District is "a story that's been happening over and over again throughout the country for decades," Sieck said. In 2017, 19 states adopted 63 new restrictions on abortion rights and access—the most restrictions enacted in a year since 2013, according to the Guttmacher Institute. So far this year, fifteen states have introduced bans on abortion at six weeks, which is before most women know they're pregnant (and four states this year have passed them).
What's happening in North Carolina's 3rd Congressional District, especially if Perry or Murphy are elected, is another example of "the tiny little things that … have chipped away at our rights since Roe v. Wade was decided in 1973," Sieck said.
Even with two of North Carolina's congressional seats vacant, lawmakers haven't stopped furthering the misleading narratives championed by anti-choice groups. State lawmakers introduced the "Born Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act," which was inspired by a failed bill in the U.S. Senate that sought to protect infants who "survived" failed abortions. One of the bill's sponsors, state Sen. Joyce Krawiec (R-Forsyth), admitted there's no evidence regarding how often infants are "born alive" after abortion attempts, according to the News & Observer. Indeed, "born alive" legislation stems from anti-choice propaganda spread by organizations that oppose abortion rights.
Though the bill didn't actually put any restrictions on people trying to access abortion care, Romano said it is "trying to intimidate doctors from providing the care that is needed, particularly when you get to, like, emergency situations and complex medical situations." Gov. Roy Cooper (D) vetoed the myth-based legislation last week. Susan B. Anthony List President Marjorie Dannenfelser characterized him as "siding with extremists against innocent children."
But Sieck said the anti-choice strategy "has nothing to do with medical care or saving babies … it's about control and power and manipulation." Anti-choice groups have stepped up their rhetoric, even in small elections like North Carolina's 3rd District, in response to voter mobilization in the 2018 midterms that delivered a U.S. House majority to Democrats, along with state-level victories that ended a decade of GOP dominance.
"These [anti-choice groups] have been building a dam in a river that they know that the dam can't hold back, and this is the last gasp effort," Sieck said. "This anti-choice minority has been able to build the dam to this flowing river, and this is their last chance to get that power in place. It's their last chance. They know it. … And our job as pro-choice majority is to try to break the levee before it's too late, and we will try. We will keep at it."
Topics and Tags:
Abortion, Abortion, anti-choice policy, born alive, Human Rights, Law and Policy, North Carolina, President Donald Trump, Religious Right, Reproductive rights, Republicans, special election
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Ive noticed recently my build itches into the floor and is unable to accelerate at all after landing high drops, below are 2 gifs showing this and also links to the original clips.
that might be lag. but can you give the version number your running. it can be found on the login screen.


text:
A Direct Attack:Mayor Pushes Back on Trump's Immigration Policies
by Times Staff • February 3, 2017 • 2 Comments
By John Lynds
Throughout its history East Boston has been a neighborhood of immigrants. Beginning in the 19th Century, Irish and Eastern European Jews flocked to the neighborhood followed by Italians at the turn of the 20th century and Latinos in the later part of the century.
So when President Donald Trump took a hard line on immigration last week, Mayor Martin Walsh pushed back on Trump's rhetoric and received praise in Eastie.
Walsh took the podium at City Hall last Wednesday afternoon and addressed the entire city.
"The White House is advancing the most destructive and un-American threats made during the campaign," said Walsh. "The latest executive orders and statements by the president about immigrants are a direct attack on Boston's people, Boston's strength, and Boston's values."
Walsh said Boston and the nation are built on immigrant contributions and the city and U.S. depend on newcomers for vitality and community.
Walsh, pointed to the stats that 28 percent of Boston residents are immigrants and 48 percent of Boston children have at least one foreign-born parent.
"I was one of those kids," said Walsh. "Boston was here for me and my family. As long as I'm mayor, we will never turn our backs on those seeking a better life. We will continue to foster trusting relationships between law enforcement and immigrant communities. And we will not waste vital police resources on misguided federal actions."
Walsh said neither he nor the city would be intimidated by threats to federal funding.
"We have each other's backs and we have the Constitution of the United States on our side," he said. "I want to say directly to anyone who feels threatened or vulnerable today: you are safe in Boston. I will do everything lawful in my power to protect you. If necessary, I will use City Hall itself to shelter and protect anyone targeted unjustly. I say again to all of Boston and to Washington: we will not retreat one inch from being the welcoming, diverse, global community that's made us one of the most successful cities in the world."
Walsh then went off script and said his administration would even use City Hall as a safe haven for immigrants. When asked what he meant by the statement, Walsh clarified, saying those being unfairly targeted by the Federal Government were welcome to 'live in his office' if they have to.
The next day in Eastie, protesters took to the streets near the Sumner/Callahan Tunnel and praised Walsh's commitment while condemning Trump's plans.
At the Alighieri School later that day Walsh was asked by a third grader, "Will my family have to leave the country Mayor Walsh?"
In the hallway a few minutes later, Walsh was heartbroken.
"See, this is what I'm talking about," said Walsh. "No child should be worrying about such a thing. That little girl is here to learn and make friends. It is unfair that she has to have this burden placed on her shoulders."
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2 comments for "A Direct Attack:Mayor Pushes Back on Trump's Immigration Policies"
DonnieBoston
You fail to mention the word 'ILLEGAL' in your pathetic liberal article. Since when do we compare these people with the ones who came here legally. Many of the immigrants we have here today are here illegally. Get it right!
incomitatus42
Liberals & the news media have always been among the biggest defenders of illegals. The fact that illegals squeeze out authentic American workers by working for less doesn't interest liberals in the least. The US media tries to hide the fact that the vast majority of US citizens are fed up with illegals flooding into this country.