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text:
Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti il Brevetti Gabbiani Piacenza A.C.F. nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 1970.

Stagione

Organigramma societario
Fonte:

Area direttiva
 Presidente: Dante Gabbiani, industriale di Podenzano
 Vice presidente: Enrico De Micheli

Area organizzativa
 Segretaria: Gabriella Ferrari
 Cassiere: rag. Guglielmo Zanasi

Area tecnica
 Direttore tecnico: Paolo Gabbiani
 Allenatore: Mario Bertuzzi

Area sanitaria
 Medico sociale:
 Massaggiatore:

Rosa
Fonte:

Risultati

Serie A

Girone di andata

Girone di ritorno

Statistiche

Statistiche di squadra

Statistiche dei giocatori

Maglie e presenze in campionato

Nota bene: si potevano effettuare 3 sostituzioni; il portiere (in panchina con il 12) e due altri calciatori (in panchina con numero 13 e 14).
Il meno dopo il numero di maglia significa uscito.
12 = ingresso del portiere.
13 = primo calciatore di riserva entrato.
14 = secondo calciatore di riserva entrato.

Note

Bibliografia

Giornali

 Biblioteca Civica di Torino;
 Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense di Milano,
 Biblioteca Civica Berio di Genova,
 Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze,
 Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma.

Libri

Collegamenti esterni

1970

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Preben Krab, né le  à Haderslev, est un rameur d'aviron danois.

Carrière
Preben Krab participe aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1968 à Mexico et remporte la médaille de bronze en deux barré avec ses coéquipiers Harry Jørgensen et Jorn Krab (dont il est le frère).

Notes et références

Rameur danois (aviron)
Barreur (aviron)
Rameur (aviron) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1968
Naissance en juillet 1952
Médaillé de bronze olympique danois
Naissance à Haderslev


text:
Craig of the Welsh Hills is a novel written by Roy Saunders in 1958.  It was first published in London by Oldbourne Press.  The novel follows the adventures of Craig, a champion border collie herding dog, who escapes into the Welsh hills following a car accident and becomes a sheep-killer and the efforts of his owner to recapture him.

References

1958 British novels
Novels set in Wales
Novels about dogs
Fictional dogs


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text:
Pages from the first SFU newsletter published in 1966. The newsletter functioned as a weekly calendar of events on campus. Over time, the publication adopted new formats and names.
SFU50, SFU NEWS LETTER, SF WEEK, SFU NEWS, ARCHIVED
By Michelle Curran
Interest in Simon Fraser University grew rapidly after the University opened its doors in 1965. To provide information to the public, SFU first relied upon the Executive Assistant to the President. This position was held for the first two semesters by R. J. Watts, an instructor in the English Department, and, in an acting capacity during the summer of 1966, by E. N. Turner, a graduate student from the same department.
In August 1966 the University hired Dennis Roberts, an experienced newsman and public relations director as its first full-time information officer. Roberts wrote news releases, prepared brochures, began a speakers' bureau to address off-campus groups, and started a campus tour program. He was assisted by a secretary and student tour guides. Because there were no vice-presidents or other senior officers in those years, the Information Officer also acted as a special assistant to President Patrick McTaggart-Cowan. Roberts wrote many of his speeches, and McTaggart-Cowan even deputized Roberts as speaker at several meetings.
With increased funding, the Information Office gradually expanded its scope. The Director hired an information assistant, and, in 1972, changed the name of the Information Office to University News Service to better describe its functions and to avoid confusion with the term "information systems." In addition to press releases, the University News Service produced several publications such as SFU Week, Comment, and Takkali.
When Roberts retired in 1982 , he was replaced by his long-time assistant Ken Mennell, who remained as Director until 1998. Mennell changed the name of the office to Media and Public Relations in 1988 to reflect the department's activities more accurately.
The department underwent a few more organizational and name changes. In 2014, the department became University Communications to better reflect the evolving role of the department and best practice.
Now, SFU Archives is making digitally accessible the early SFU News Letter / News Bulletin, Nos 1-38, as well as SF Week, Nos 39-92, from 1966-67. With support from SFU's University Priority Fund, the Archives has been able to build a digital repository to preserve digital copies of these important historical records and to make them more widely accessible in SFU AtoM.
Link to digitized records in SFU AtoM
http://atom.archives.sfu.ca/index.php/f-61-4-4-0-1
Recommended fonds/collections
In SFU AtoM: University Communications fonds, formerly Media and Public Relations (F-61) and the Dennis Roberts fonds (F-160).
Visit University Communications for current SFU News publications.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
14 active COVID cases; five new in Humboldt County
As public health officials have warned, people should not be letting their guard down regarding the COVID-19 virus just yet.
Humboldt County Public Health reported five new additional COVID-19 cases on Tuesday, July 6. That brings the total positive cases in the county since the virus' inception to 1,214.
Of the five new cases, three were people in the 18-40 age range and two were adults ages 41-60. The Humboldt County Department of Public Health reports 14 current active cases in the county.
A total of 1,174 people have recovered from the virus in the county and 26 people have died.
Scientists are concerned that the delta variant of the novel coronavirus is the most contagious strain, spreading about 225 percent faster than the original COVID-19 version.
A study released this week by researchers at the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control found that people with the delta variant had on average about 1,000 times more copies of the respiratory virus than people infected with the original strain. That's why people are getting sicker faster with the new strain.
The Director of the Centers for Disease Control on Thursday said that preliminary data is showing that 99.5 percent of COVID-19 deaths in several states in recent months were unvaccinated patients.
Dr. Rochelle Walensky, in a press briefing at the White House said, " We know that the delta variant is surging in pockets of the country with low vaccination rates. We also know that our authorized vaccines prevent severe disease, hospitalization and death from the delta variant."
Humboldt's positivity rate in the last seven days is 4 percent after hovering around 0 through most of June.
According to the coronavirus.iowa.gov website, the largest spike in the recent coronavirus cases is young people ages 18-29, with 31 percent of all new cases, the same as adults 30-39 and 40-49 combined.
COVID-19 vaccines are available for people ages 12 and older free of charge at Hy-Vee Pharmacy, 611 10th Ave. N. in Humboldt for the Pfizer vaccine (two doses, 21 days apart). Walk Ins Welcome OR click here to make an appointment: https://www.hy-vee.com/my-pharmacy/pharmacy-finder/humboldt-611-10th-ave...
Larry's Pharmacy in Humboldt, 1310 10th Ave. N., has the one dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine for those 18 and older. Walk-ins are welcome.
People can get tested for COVID-19 through their family physician. There is one Test Iowa Clinic in the area operating, at Iowa Specialty Hospital in Belmond, 403 1st St. Southeast. It is open Tuesday-Friday from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m. People are asked to call (844) 474-4321 and ask for the triage line for an appointment.


Learn which operating systems work with ShadowXafe.
ShadowXafe supports the following operating systems via agent-based protection. Agents can be installed on physical servers or virtual machines (VMs).
Via agentless protection, ShadowXafe supports what VMware supports for ESXi 6.0 or later.


text:
Renewable energy should be at the heart of virus recovery plans: IEA
by Kelly MacNamara
China is phasing out some subsidies, which is expected to drive a rush to complete wind and solar projects in 2020
The International Energy Agency on Wednesday called on governments to put clean energy at the heart of their coronavirus economic recovery plans, as it forecast the first slowdown in new renewable power installations worldwide in two decades.
The IEA warned that lockdown measures—which at their peak affected more than half the world's population—would have "far-reaching" consequences, as the world grapples with a crisis that has sent energy demand plummeting and threatens a deep economic contraction.
The agency, which had expected 2020 to be a bumper year for green energy, slashed its two-year forecast for growth in renewable capacity by nearly 10 percent.
It cited supply chain disruptions, construction delays, social distancing measures and financing challenges.
While sectors supplying electricity—solar, wind and hydropower—would be largely resilient in the crisis, it said, the market for biofuels used mainly in transport would be "radically" altered as global travel is frozen and oil prices plummet.
Many countries have pledged to increase their use of renewables to meet tough climate targets and the IEA urged governments to redouble those efforts as they plan for post-virus economic recovery.
It cautioned that a predicted reduction in global energy-related CO2 emissions of up to 8 percent in 2020—the largest contraction since World War II—was nothing to celebrate.
"Putting emissions into a structural decline needed renewables to grow much faster across all sectors even before the COVID-19 crisis," the report said.
"To regain and exceed the growth rates seen in the years before the pandemic, policy makers need to put clean energy—including renewables and energy efficiency—at the centre of recovery efforts."
'Rebound'
In its updated forecast, the IEA said that overall demand for renewables is expected to increase this year, bolstered by their use in the electricity sector, where green energy has accounted for record shares of power going into the grid in some countries.
This is partly down to their priority access to the grid in many markets, and declines in energy demand during lockdowns.
It has also been boosted by record increases in capacity in 2019, which saw 192 GW of new installations connected to the grid—a 7 percent increase from 2018.
Revising down a prediction made in October, the IEA now expects some 167 GW of renewable capacity to become operational this year—a decline of 13 percent from 2019 and the first downward trend since 2000.
However, this will still add 6 percent to the global renewable capacity total this year—more than the combined size of power systems in both North America and Europe—with solar and wind accounting for the vast majority of new installations.
Meanwhile, both the United States and China are expected to boost their renewable capacity this year and next, as firms rush to complete projects before the expiry of government incentives.
The IEA also predicted a "rebound" in 2021, nearing 2019 levels, as most of the projects delayed this year come online.
Opportunity?
Technologies with long lead times—like hydropower and offshore wind—were not expected to see significant impacts from the virus.
But the report said the economic downturn is expected to deal a severe blow to transport biofuels, like ethanol and biodiesel, which are mostly consumed blended with gasoline and diesel.
Total transport biofuel production is expected to contract by 13 percent in 2020.
But the IEA said the crisis opens a window of opportunity in aviation if governments include environmental conditions in bailout packages, noting the 2 percent sustainable aviation fuel requirement in a rescue proposal for Air France-KLM.
Experts said the crisis could provide an opportunity for green energy to permanently take the place of highly polluting fossil fuels like coal.
"We may come out of COVID with emissions going down, since renewables have been able to take more relative space, pushing out some of the worst of fossil fuels," Glen Peters, Research Director, at the Center for International Climate Research told AFP.
Citation: Renewable energy should be at the heart of virus recovery plans: IEA (2020, May 20) retrieved 29 January 2023 from https://techxplore.com/news/2020-05-renewable-energy-heart-virus-recovery.html
COVID-19 to cause record emissions fall in 2020: IEA
Carbon emissions fell during COVID-19, but it's the shift away from coal that really matters
Scorching growth for renewables thanks to solar: IEA
Global CO2 emissions to drop 4-7% in 2020, but will it matter?
'New era' in solar energy fuelling growth in renewables: IEA
The long road to clean energy
Geothermal 'battery' repurposes abandoned oil and gas well in Illinois, researchers report


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By supporting your favourite stretch, you'll be helping ensure these historic treasures, and the habitats they provide, are kept safe for generations to come. We promise that your donation will be used to conserve, restore or enhance our canals and rivers or to educate people about them, but it will not be specific to the upkeep of your stretch.
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Iran says it will resume nuclear fuel research, triggering fresh Western warnings that Tehran could face sanctions and wreck dialogue to end a dispute over its controversial nuclear programme.
Separately, Aljazeera reports that Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has said Iran will not give up its nuclear programme, and that UN sanctions cannot weaken the will of the people.
The US, which accuses Tehran of seeking to build nuclear weapons, reiterated that Iran may be referred to the UN Security Council. But Russia said dialogue was still the only way forward.
Scott McClellan, White House spokesman, said the international community had already warned Tehran that "the next step would be a referral" to the Security Council.
Wolfgang Schussel, the Austrian chancellor, said: "The possibility of ... sanctions continues to exist. But ... this should be a last resort."
Sergei Ivanov, the Russian foreign minister whose country has a veto in the Security Council, said the issue must be resolved by political means and under the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)'s auspices.
Ivanov said: "On the whole I think that this problem ... must be resolved primarily within the political and diplomatic framework, and on the current stage, within the IAEA framework."
Iran's announcement of a resumption on Monday coincided with the suspension of talks with Russia aimed at seeking a compromise over Iranian uranium enrichment, a key phase in the fuel cycle.
"There is no doubt that the Iranians are walking on the edge. And there is no doubt that when you walk on the edge, (treading on) the smallest stone can drop you in the abyss"
Gholam Hossein Elham, a government spokesman, said on Monday: "Today, under the supervision of the agency, research activities will resume".
By agency, he was referring to the IAEA, the UN nuclear watchdog.
However, by late Monday there had been no announcement in Tehran of an actual resumption.
Meanwhile, Dan Halutz, Israel's armed forces chief, has said Iran is playing a dangerous game of brinksmanship with its continuing march towards developing nuclear weapons but it is not Israel's place to take action.
Halutz said on Monday: "There is no doubt that the Iranians are walking on the edge. And there is no doubt that when you walk on the edge, (treading on) the smallest stone can drop you in the abyss."
Iran has asked the IAEA to have inspectors ready to witness the removal of UN-supervised seals at its research centres, although as the suspension was voluntary, IAEA inspectors are not required to supervise the procedure.
But Hossein Entezami, spokesman for the National Security Council which is in charge of the nuclear file, said Iran was counting on the UN watchdog agency's co-operation to resume its research.
He said: "I hope that the agency (IAEA) will do the necessary so that the research activities resume today."
Mohamed ElBaradei, the IAEA's chief ,said on Monday he was "losing patience" with what he called Iran's lack of transparency.
He said: "There are still a number of important issues where I have not been able to make progress and I still need very much Iran's transparency and Iran's active cooperation."
Europe has warned that the move, which would end a two-year suspension, would jeopardise any resumption of wider talks on ending the crisis with the West over Iran's nuclear activities.
Germany, which along with Britain and France makes up the EU troika leading negotiations with Iran, warned that the decision "cannot remain without consequence".
Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Germany's foreign minister, said: "This marks a breach of Tehran's commitments."
And his French counterpart, Philippe Douste-Blazy, urged Iran "to immediately and unconditionally reverse its decision".
But Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei voiced defiance, saying Tehran would not give up its nuclear programme.
Khamenei said: "The Islamic Republic of Iran will not give up its undeniable rights to peaceful nuclear technology, which has been achieved by the talented youth of the country.
"The ones who are invoking sanctions have sanctioned Iran whenever they could ... such sanctions have no effect."
Iran has been trying to draw a distinction between research into the fuel cycle and actual production of enriched uranium, which can be used as fuel in civil reactors or, in highly enriched form, as the explosive core of an atom bomb.


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Should have been a blank page.


The brutal slaying of a teenaged girl, Ori Ansbacher, has stirred government officials and Israelis across the nation to call for the death penalty for the 29-year-old Palestinian who murdered her in cold blood.
Unlike most modern democracies that reject the death penalty, in Israel there are two specific crimes that are punishable by death: crimes against the Jewish people and humanity (the law for the punishment of Nazis and their accomplices), and murder in the context of a terrorist act (under the emergency regulations act).
According to Israeli law, the death penalty requires a unanimous vote by the Supreme Court. The caution against rashly implementing the death penalty in Israel is based in large part on Jewish tradition, in which, despite the existence of this punishment, it is almost never invoked. As it is written: The Sanhedrin that kills one person every seven years is considered damaging.In other words,Jewish law requires moderation in dealing with murder cases.
In scripture, God provided Israel with a detailed toolbox for determining the crime and punishment in murder cases (see for example Numbers 35). As the Children of Israel were about to enter the Land, knowing that setting up a nation would require dealing with the complexities of human sin, cities of refuge were established to which a murderer could flee until the case was properly judged.
A major breakthrough in the laws that governed ancient civilization came with the biblical allowance for Israel to discuss a person's intent in crime, not only the results of his or her action. The Bible makes a distinction between malicious and accidental murder. The concept is found first in Leviticus 4, where the person who acted without intent is given an opportunity to pay for the murder, but not with his life. Today, we distinguish between manslaughter and murder, wrongdoing and malice. Incredibly, the Bible had recognized all these scenarios a long time ago.
The basis of the Bible's approach to these laws is to protect the sanctity of life, while also taking into consideration the weaknesses and complexities of humanity. Yet,the biblical guidelines would not be considered "humane" by modern politically-correct standards. In the Book of Numbers, chapter 35, we have the clearest standards for judging murder. The chapter concludes with a strong warning not to go easy on the "wicked criminal." There is a severe prohibition against any kind of plea deal, payment or political considerations to ease the punishment of a convicted murderer. The murderer "which is wicked must be put to death." However, it is also commanded that the murderer will be executed, not killed for revenge.
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text:
Q: Dynamics spacing with multirows and multicolumns
The above picture is what I'm attempting to replicate. Below is what I've managed to recreate so far. How would I reduce the vertical space on the Consonants, Vowels, Stops rows and connect the rows Semi vowel through Pure Nasal to the alphabet at the bottom?
\begin{table}[]
  \centering
  % \caption{My caption}
  % \label{my-label}
  \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{%
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}% Tighter
    \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
      \hline
      \multirow{3}{*}{Place of Articulation} & \multicolumn{11}{c|}{Manner of Articulation} \\ \cline{2-12}
                                             & \multicolumn{7}{c|}{Consonants} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Vowels} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Pure}\hbox{\strut Nasal}} \\ \cline{2-11}

                                             & \multicolumn{5}{c|}{Stops} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Semi}\hbox{\strut vowel}\hbox{\strut (voiced)}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Sibilant}\hbox{\strut (voiceless)}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut S}\hbox{\strut h}\hbox{\strut o}\hbox{\strut r}\hbox{\strut t}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut L}\hbox{\strut o}\hbox{\strut n}\hbox{\strut g}} & Compound \\ \cline{2-6}

                                             & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiceless}\hbox{\strut non-}\hbox{\strut aspirate}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiceless}\hbox{\strut aspirate}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiced}\hbox{\strut non-}\hbox{\strut aspirate}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiced}\hbox{\strut aspirate}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiced}\hbox{\strut nasal}} \\ \hline

      Gutturals  & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h          &   & a & ā & e &     \\ \cline{1-8} \cline{9-11}
      Palatals   & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y          &   & i & ī &   &     \\ \cline{1-8} \cline{9-10}
      Cerebrals  & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r / l / ḷh &   &   &   &   & m   \\ \cline{1-8}
      Dentals    & t & th & d & dh & n & l          & s &   &   &   &     \\ \cline{1-11}
      Labials    & p & ph & b & bh & m & v          &   & u & ū & o &     \\ \hline
    \end{tabular}}
\end{table}

A: I recommend the tabularray package for formatting your table. It provides the \SetCell[r=<nrows>,c=<ncols>] command, which makes creating multirow and multicolumn cells very easy. The first table is very close to what you asked for. The second one is a formatting suggestion of myself. I used the booktabs commands (loaded with \UseTblrLibray{booktabs}) for the horizontal lines and removed all vertical lines since they don't improve the readability. I also added em-dashes for empty entries to give the table a bit for structure.
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[margin=2.4cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{makecell}
\settowidth\rotheadsize{{\small Compound}}
\newcommand{\NA}{---}

\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[ht]
    \centering
    \begin{tblr}{
            colspec={l *{11}{c}},
            hlines, vlines,
            row{1-5}={font=\small},
        }
        \SetCell[r=5]{c,h} {Place of \\ Articulation} & \SetCell[c=11]{c} Manner of Articulation \\
        & \SetCell[c=7]{c} Consonants &&&&&&& \SetCell[c=3]{c} Vowels &&& \SetCell[r=4]{c,h} {Pure \\ Nasal} \\
        & \SetCell[c=5]{c} Stops &&&&
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c,h} {Semi \\ vowel \\ (voiced)}
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c,h} {Sibilant \\ (voiceless)}
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Short}
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Long}
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Compound} & \\
        & \SetCell[c=2]{c} Voiceless && \SetCell[c=3]{c} Voiced \\
        & {non- \\ aspirate} & aspirate & {non- \\ aspirate} & aspirate & nasal \\
        Gutturals  & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h  &   & a & ā & e & \\
        Palatals   & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y  &   & i & ī & \SetCell[r=3]{}  & \\
        Cerebrals  & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r\,/\,l\,/\,ḷh & & \SetCell[r=2]{} & \SetCell[r=2]{} & & m \\
        Dentals    & t & th & d & dh & n & l  & s &   &   &   &     \\
        Labials    & p & ph & b & bh & m & v  &   & u & ū & o &     \\
    \end{tblr}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[ht]
    \centering
    \begin{tblr}{
            colspec={@{} l *{11}{c} @{}},
            row{1-5}={font=\small},
        }
        \toprule
        \SetCell[r=5]{h} {Place of \\ Articulation} & \SetCell[c=11]{c} Manner of Articulation \\
        \cmidrule[lr]{2-Z}
        & \SetCell[c=7]{c} Consonants &&&&&&& \SetCell[c=3]{c} Vowels &&& \SetCell[r=4]{h} {Pure \\ Nasal} \\
        \cmidrule[lr]{2-8} \cmidrule[lr]{9-11}
        & \SetCell[c=5]{c} Stops &&&&
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c,h} {Semi \\ vowel \\ (voiced)}
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c,h} {Sibilant \\ (voiceless)}
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Short}
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Long}
        & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Compound} & \\
        \cmidrule[lr]{2-6}
        & \SetCell[c=2]{c} Voiceless && \SetCell[c=3]{c} Voiced \\
        \cmidrule[lr]{2-3} \cmidrule[lr]{4-6}
        & {non- \\ aspirate} & aspirate & {non- \\ aspirate} & aspirate & nasal \\
        \midrule
        Gutturals  & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h & \NA & a & ā & e & \NA \\
        Palatals   & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y & \NA & i & ī & \NA & \NA \\
        Cerebrals  & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r\,/\,l\,/\,ḷh & \NA & \NA & \NA & \NA & m \\
        Dentals    & t & th & d & dh & n & l  & s & \NA & \NA & \NA & \NA \\
        Labials    & p & ph & b & bh & m & v  & \NA & u & ū & o & \NA \\
        \bottomrule
    \end{tblr}
\end{table}

\end{document}

A: The following may be reasonably close to what you're looking for.

\documentclass{article} % or some other suitable document class
\usepackage{geometry} % set page and text block parameters appropriately
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{graphicx} % for \rotatebox macro
\usepackage{amsmath}  % for \smash[b] macro
\usepackage{array}    % for \extrarowheight macro
\usepackage{multirow} % for \multirow macro
\newcommand\mytab[1]{\smash[b]{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}} #1 \end{tabular}}}
\newcommand\mytabx[1]{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}} #1 \end{tabular}}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\setlength\tabcolsep{3.75pt} % default value: 6pt
\setlength\extrarowheight{2pt}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ | l | *{11}{c|} }
      \hline
      \mytab{Place of\\Articulation}
      & \multicolumn{11}{c|}{Manner of Articulation} \\
      \cline{2-12}
      & \multicolumn{7}{c|}{Consonants}
      & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Vowels}
      & \mytab{Pure\\Nasal} \\
      \cline{2-11}
      & \multicolumn{5}{c|}{Stops}
      & \mytab{Semi\\vowel\\(voiced)}
      & \mytab{Sibilant\\(voice-\\less)}
      & \smash{\rotatebox[origin=tr]{90}{Short}}
      & \smash{\rotatebox[origin=tr]{90}{Long}}
      & \smash{\rotatebox[origin=tr]{90}{Compound}} & \\
      \cline{2-6}
      & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Voiceless}
      & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Voiced} & & & & & & \\
      \cline{2-6}
      & \mytabx{non-\\aspirate}
      & aspirate
      & \mytabx{non-\\aspirate}
      & aspirate
      & nasal & & & & & & \\
      \hline
      Gutturals  & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h  &   & a & ā & e &     \\
      \cline{1-8} \cline{9-11}
      Palatals   & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y  &   & i & ī &   &     \\
      \cline{1-8} \cline{9-10}
      Cerebrals  & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r\,/\,l\,/\,ḷh & & & & & m \\
      \cline{1-8}
      Dentals    & t & th & d & dh & n & l  & s &   &   &   &     \\
      \cline{1-11}
      Labials    & p & ph & b & bh & m & v  &   & u & ū & o &     \\
      \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


PAPAYA.PE is a web platform that centralizes all the movie information in Peru from all movie theatres and show times which allows users to review critic reviews and post their user reviews. The platform offers the option of purchasing tickets for movies online to avoid the cues and waiting lines at the theatres as well as to assure a seat for the desired movies. PAPAYA.PE has already developed an APP for the use of the system in Android based smartphones and has reached agreements with VISANET and all movie theatre chains of Peru. We have received USD 100000 Seed Capital thru the Innovation Program of the Ministry of Production of Peru thru the Science and Technology Program of the Government of Peru for the development of the prototype which currently also includes a Video-on-Demand platform solution which allows us to deliver audiovisual content to IP capable devices such as Smart TVs Smartphones Tablers Notebooks PCs etc. We have a 3 year exclusive contract with one of the main movie chains in Peru and signing the other 2 mayor movie chains to hold 90% of the movie theatre market in Peru. Our next objective to start incorporating local content from other neighboring countries such as Chile Bolivia Ecuador and in later stages Venezuela Argentina and Mexico to enter the market as a central seller of online movie ticket sales complemented with Video-on-Demand streaming services of local audiovisual content (movies documentaries novelas and series) to be offered online to the rest of the world thru the internet to exploit the Long-Tail effect of the demand for latin american content.


Can soil help us stop global warming?
Solar panels and electric cars are important innovations. But taking care of our soil may be just as important in the fight against climate change.
February 7, 2014, 8:49 a.m.
A group of small farmers in Kenya has begun to benefit from a new revenue stream launched in January. In addition to receiving income for their crops, these small holders will soon be paid for another type of product: Healthy soil.
Experience from 1,505 farmer groups over three years illustrates how carbon finance can promote the adoption of SALM [Sustainable Agricultural Land Management] practices and open up the carbon market to smallholder farmers. Results so far show that SALM can help increase farmers' yields by up to 15-20%. These productivity gains from greater soil fertility help counteract the effects of increasingly extreme weather conditions.
While we often talk about how much carbon dioxide trees can absorb, it's less often recognized — at least in the popular press and eco-blogosphere — that soil, not trees, is where Mother Nature get's really serious about carbon sequestration. In fact, of the 3,170 gigatons of carbon that's stored in terrestrial ecosystems around the world, a whopping 80 percent is in the soil itself (oceans are another story entirely). Whether we're talking about a suburban garden bed or topsoil in a tropical rain forest, understanding and protecting the soil beneath our feet has never been a more pressing priority.
So how does soil absorb carbon? It's actually pretty simple.
We already know that soils are a hotbed of biodiversity, meaning they are full of fungi, bacteria, nematodes, insects and other kinds of beasties — all carbon-based lifeforms. Soil is also where the plants and animals above ground are destined for when they die. The remains of these organisms become food for other living things, primarily fungi and bacteria. As they get broken down, some of the carbon escapes back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, and some gets stored in the soil, both as humus, and within the bodies of the soil organisms themselves. Whenever we disturb soil, whether we are paving over a meadow or cutting down a forest, we are disrupting the ecosystems hidden in the earth. These disruptions can have profound implications.
There are, however, alternatives. No-till farming, a technique that Dr. Baker describes as "key-hole surgery" compared to the "invasive surgery" of ploughing — has been taking off from Indiana to Pakistan, with proponents claiming it can reduce fertilizer use, soil erosion and run off while increasing soil organic matter (carbon!) too. In some cases — like the farmers in Kenya — the sale of carbon credits has helped to incentivize such practices, but because of uncertainty over climate legislation and extreme volatility in carbon markets, critics have argued that monetary incentives for soil carbon sequestration can do more harm than good unless they are based on real, long-term commitments.
What to do about beef?
Arable land is not, of course, the only place where soil management makes a difference. There's a big debate going on about how we manage grazing lands too. While advocates for vegetarianism make the case that plant-based diets require less land, others have argued that meat eating isn't going away any time soon, and that many grasslands are unsuitable for arable production anyway. So what to do about all that beef?
In response to massive flooding in the U.K. town of Hebden Bridge in the late '90s, under the banner of Treesponsibility, a group of residents began reforesting the steep, eroded and often over-grazed hillsides of their valley. The idea was to halt erosion, reduce flash flooding (predicted to become more common with climate change) and sequester carbon in the process by creating pockets of woodland on vulnerable land. Certainly, there are many reasons to preserve existing old growth forests, responsibly manage forest plantations, and even plant more forests where we can.
But even planting new forests, which has major advantages well beyond carbon sequestration, is not a cut-and-dried matter. In a world of finite resources and growing populations, reforesting farmland and removing it from production may mean increased pressure on farmland elsewhere. Any serious effort for large-scale, global reforestation will need to be accompanied by increases in food production elsewhere. From soilless agriculture, insect-based cuisine, rooftop farms and lab grown meat, there are some interesting ideas for doing that — but taking them to scale is another matter entirely.
Ultimately, there is no silver bullet to climate change, and no single answer to better soil management. But one thing is certain: we must rethink our culture's relationship to soil. If we are ever going to get a handle on climate change, we're going to have to not only slash our fossil fuel use dramatically, but restore the ecosystems which we rely on for survival. And that means understanding that soil is not dirt, but rather a complex, living ecosystem that we are only just beginning to understand — and which we ignore or abuse at our peril.


text:
SET Lab Exhibition
SET Lab Exhibition 2018
2017-2018 Delegation
Education Scientists 2017-2018
Lauren Davidson
Director of Early Childhood Program
Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart
Lauren has been an elementary and primary grade teacher in independent and public schools (grades K, 1, 2, and 4) in New Jersey, South Carolina, and Maryland. She is a former director of a parent cooperative nursery school in Rockville, MD. Lauren is currently the Director of the Early Childhood Program at Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart. Lauren holds a Bachelors of Science in elementary education from University of Vermont, a Master of the Arts in education (special education) from American University, and a School Administration and Supervision Certificate program graduate from Johns Hopkins. Outside of school, Lauren can be found cooking, baking, needleworking, gardening, and reading for pleasure.
Lauren's SET Lab Blog
Heather McKinzey
ADHD/EF Coach and Coordinator
Commonwealth Academy
Heather serves as the ADHD/EF Coach and 2e Coordinator at Commonwealth Academy. She is a graduate of Auburn University with a degree in Elementary Education. Heather has over twenty years experience as an educator. She has received certifications as an ADHD/EF coach and in gifted and talented education as well as trained in Wilson Reading. Heather draws on her experiences in improvisational theater and storytelling to engage her students in the learning process. On weekends, you might spot her traipsing through local, state, and national parks looking for rare birds with her husband Quinn and dog Josie.
Heather's SET Lab Blog
Brenda English
Middle School Math Chair & Teacher
Brenda is currently an algebra instructor and the chair of the Middle School Mathematics Department at Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart. After being an instructor and Director of Admissions at Georgetown Visitation in Washington, D.C., Brenda has devoted her career to middle school mathematics, in particular, Algebra I for grade 8 students. Brenda holds a Bachelors of Arts from Clarke University and a Masters of Arts from Trinity University. Outside of the classroom, Brenda loves reading spy novels, cooking new recipes, traveling, and spending time with her husband (also an educator) and their four children.
Brenda's SET Lab Blog
Grade 8 Reading Teacher
Western Foothills Regional School Unit 10
Shane graduated from Thomas College in Waterville, Maine with a bachelor's in elementary education. He is a grade 8 reading teacher at Mountain Valley Middle School in Mexico, Maine and previously taught fourth grade for eight years. He also coaches wrestling and soccer at the middle school and youth levels. Shane has chosen a career in education to help elevate the next generation in achieving its goals. He has a wife and ten-year-old son with whom he hikes, bikes, fishes, kayaks, and camps. Shane is passionate about a variety sports and even plays in a few recreation leagues.
Shane's SET Lab Blog
Ken Woodard
History Department Chair
A 28-year veteran of secondary school history teaching, Ken is the chair of the Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart upper school history department wherein he teaches United States History to grade 11 students. Ken leads the U.S. history oral history project at Stone Ridge which combines his love of history with his enthusiasm for the new possibilities presented by rapidly evolving production software. He is also the Executive Producer of Lunch Duty Podcast, a podcast for teachers by teachers. When not immersed in school-related projects, he rides his bicycle and works at a Vermont outdoor adventure camp during summers.
Ken's SET Lab Blog
Olivia Hogan
Middle School Science Teacher
Olivia graduated from Providence College with a dual-certification in elementary and special education and works at Commonwealth Academy as a middle school science teacher. She engages her students with a combination of hands-on learning and innovative technology. Olivia recently attended the Learning and the Brain conference in Boston where she refined her expertise in educational technology and implementing augmented and virtual reality in the classroom. Olivia coaches girls varsity volleyball and basketball as well as facilitates two Destination Imagination Teams. Outside of the classroom, she can be found playing tennis, watching hockey, and going to Caps games.
Olivia's SET Lab Blog
Katherine Owens
Art and STEM Teacher
Washington Episcopal School
Katherine is an elementary school STEM, entrepreneurship, innovation, and art teacher at Washington Episcopal School. Before her career in education, Katherine worked as the Vice President of Business Development for a multi-million dollar confectionary and gift company where she handled licensing, product development, sales, and marketing. Her passion for business, science, design, and innovation are intertwined with her work. Outside of the classroom, Katherine can be found hiking, singing, making art, exploring new places, and spending time with her family.
Katherine's SET Lab Blog
Sharia Shanklin
Founder and CEO, Sustained Learning Solutions, LLC
Sharia has 35 years of experience as an urban educational and organizational leader and practitioner in the roles of teacher, school psychologist, assistant principal, instructional facilitator and Washington, DC Government Agency Interim Director. She founded Sustained Learning Solutions, LLC as a result driven educational, organizational, social and scientific consultancy that provides offerings in program development, professional development, and strategic planning to facilitate systemic organizational and personal change. Sharia is widely accomplished and holds a Bachelor of Arts from the University of California Los Angeles, Masters of Education from Howard University, Masters of Educational Leadership from George Mason University, and a Doctor of Education from the University of Pennsylvania. Outside of her work, Sharia can be found traveling, attending shows and concerts, as well as jogging, weightlifting, and dancing.
Sharia's SET Lab Blog
Allison Furton
SET Lab Consultant
Allison graduated from the University of Maryland with a Bachelors of Science in Cell Biology and Genetics. After working as a teaching assistant during her undergraduate years, she joined Teach for America's Bay Area corps as a special educator in 2014. During her two year commitment, Allison earned a master's degree in Special Education at Loyola Marymount University. She was her elementary school's STEAM liaison and helped promote the use of robotics, coding and Google classroom in her school. Allison worked as a resource specialist and RTI coordinator in D.C. Public Schools before joining SET as an EdTech & Innovation Consultant. When not teaching or spreading her love for EdTech, Allison can usually be found hiking, traveling, attempting to not fall at yoga, or finding live music in DC.
Follow Allison on Twitter
Julia Ewart
Julia is an experienced educator who has been working in educational technology for the last 8 years. She works with all types of educators and inspires them to be innovative in their teaching approaches and curricular design. Julia studied Psychology at the University of Maryland while also earning certificates in Life Sciences, Special Education, and Human Development. Additionally, she holds a MS in Instructional Technology from Towson University with a concentration in School Library Media. In her free time, Julia enjoys "making" with her 18 month old daughter, from crafts to tall towers to original readings of board books. She is also a DC sports fanatic, dabbler of new recipes, and lover of sunshine.
Follow Julia on Twitter
Urvi Morrison
SET Lab Founder and Consultant
Urvi is an experienced educator and lifelong learner. She is the CEO and Founder of Strategic EdTech (SET). Urvi has worked as a Director of EdTech and Innovation, Middle School teacher as well as a whole school Technology Teaching and Learning Coordinator. She is passionate about edtech, robotics, andragogy and learning through constructionism. Her work alongside teachers, staff, administrators, and students of all ages in education and educational technology has given her the expertise in educational innovation to help schools progress with the values of today's world within their mission and vision. She holds a Bachelor of Science from the University of Toronto, Bachelor of Education and Masters in Education from the University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Outside of her work, Urvi can be found teaching and practicing yoga, exploring museums, and reading.
Follow Urvi on Twitter


text:
An initiative of :
Food-Info.net> Topics > Food components > Food colours > Browning > Maillard reactions
Maillard reactions
The Maillard reaction is named after the French scientist Louis Camille Maillard (1878-1936), who studied the reactions of amino acids and carbohydrates in 1912, as part of his PhD thesis, which was published in 1913 (reference 1).
Maillard (Source)
The Maillard reaction is not a single reaction, but a complex series of reactions between amino acids and reducing sugars, usually at increased temperatures. Like caramelization, it is a form of non-enzymatic browning.
In the process, hundreds of different flavour compounds are created. These compounds in turn break down to form yet more new flavour compounds, and so on. Each type of food has a very distinctive set of flavour compounds that are formed during the Maillard reaction.
Maillard reactions are important in baking, frying or otherwise heating of nearly all foods. Maillard reactions are (partly) responsible for the flavour of bread, cookies, cakes, meat, beer, chocolate, popcorn, cooked rice. In many cases, such as in coffee, the flavour is a combination of Maillard reactions and caramelization. However, caramelization only takes place above 120-150 °C, whereas Maillard reactions already occur at room temperature.
Although studied for nearly one century, the Maillard reactions are so complex that still many reactions and pathways are unknown. Many different factors play a role in the Maillard formation and thus in the final colour and aroma; pH (acidity), types of amino acids and sugars, temperature, time, presence of oxygen, water, water activity (aw) and other food components all are important.
The first step of the Maillard reaction is the reaction of a reducing sugar, such as glucose, with an amino acid. This reaction is shown in figure 1 below and results in a reaction product called an Amadori compound.
Fig. 1 : The initial step of the Maillard reaction between glucose and an amino acid (RNH2), in which R is the amino acid side group (from ref. 2)
As can be seen in figure 1, the Amadori compounds easily isomerise into three different structures that can react differently in the following steps. As in food generally over 5 different reactive sugars and 20 reactive amino acids are present, only the first step theoretically already results in over 100 different reaction products.
The larger the sugar, the slower it will react with amino acids. The pentose sugars (5 carbon atoms), such as ribose, will react faster as hexose sugars (glucose, fructose) and disaccharides (sugar, lactose). From the amino acids lysine, with two amino groups, reacts the fastest and causes darker colours. Cysteine, with a sulphur group, causes specific flavours, but less colour. Sugar alcohols or polyols (sorbitol, xylitol) do not participate in the Maillard reaction. This means that bakery products sweetened with sorbitol will not or hardly change colour during baking.
The next steps differ, depending on the isomer of the Amadori compound. Either the amino acid is removed, which results in reactive compounds that are finally degraded to the important flavour components furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). The other reaction is the so-called Amadori-rearrangement, which is the starting point of the main browning reactions, see figure 2.
Fig. 2 : Formation of HMF and Amadori-rearrangement (from ref 2)
Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural are characteristic flavour compounds of the Maillard reaction. Furfural is the result of a reaction with a pentose sugar (such as ribose); HMF is the result of a reaction with a hexose (glucose, saccharose).
Fig. 3 : Structures of fural and HMF
After the Amadori-rearrangement three different main pathways can be distinguished :
Dehydratation reactions,
Fission, when the short chain hydrolytic products are produced, for example diacetyl and pyruvaldehyde,
"Strecker degradations" with amino acids or they can be condensated to aldols.
These three main pathways finally result in very complex mixtures, including flavour compounds and brown high molecular weight pigments melanoidins.
Melanoidins are present in many foods like coffee, bread and beer. However, up to now the knowledge about structural, functional and physiological properties of this group of food components is rather limited.
The Maillard reaction products thus change the colour and flavour of food, and in most cases these changes are appreciated by people. In addition the melanoidins may have some beneficial anti-oxidant properties.
On the other hand, Maillard reactions may reduce the nutritional value of a product, as amino acids and carbohydrates may be lost. Sometimes the flavour is not appreciated, such as the 'cooking flavour' in sterilized milk.
Some of the Maillard end-products may also be toxic or carcinogenic. One of the Maillard reaction products is acrylamide, a potential toxic compound which is only formed at temperatures above 180 °C, especially in baked or fried products (French fries). When frying below 180 °C acrylamide is not formed.
In general it can be stated that Maillard products have been present in our foods for many thousands of years, and are consumed daily by nearly all people in the world.
Maillard reactions can not, or hardly, be prevented when heating foods. Only by removing the sugars or the amino acids, or making the product very acid or alkaline, the reactions can be prevented.
References and sources:
1) Three references by L. C. Maillard from http://www.lc-maillard.org/:
Réaction générale des acides aminés sur les sucres. Journal de Physiologie, 1912 tome 14 page 813;
Action des acides aminés sur les sucres: formation des mélanoïdines par voie méthodique. Compte-rendu de l'Académie des sciences, 1912 tome 154, page 66-68.
Réaction générale des acides aminés sur les sucres: ses conséquences biologiques. Compte-rendu Société de Biologie, 1912, tome 72 (LXXII), page 599 à 601 (559-561)
Thèse présentée à la Fac des Sciences de Paris. Action de la glycérine et des sucres sur les acides x-aminés : cyclo-glycil-glycines & polypeptides; mélanoïdines et matières humiques. Laval . Imp. De L. Barnéoud 1913. In 8° XV 425 pages . Bibliothèque Nationale 4° R 489. 1508.série A n° 738 & n° 1508
2) Owen R. Fennema, Food Chemistry, 3rd Edition, 1996
3) http://www.chemsoc.org/chembytes/ezine/1997/naughty.htm
4) http://www.gdch.de/vas/tagungen/archiv/5561.htm
5) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maillard_Reaction


HP Printer enjoys a respectable position in the market full of printers. In the competition with many other printers, this company printer is highly advanced in terms of features and user interface. But ignoring the fact that HP Printers lack at some points will be wrong. To know more about HP Printers and their solutions you can connect directly with HP Printer Technical Support phone Number.
How Do I Get My Laptop to Recognize My HP Printer?
I am not able to connect my laptop to my HP printer because it is not recognizing it. This is a very common question which asked by many HP printer users. If you are also going through the same situation and want a solution. You are at right place, on this blog you will get some steps to fix this problem. If in case you failed to solve the problem then you can opt for HP Printer Customer Care Phone Number. This number is a toll-free which is always available for troubleshooting. Whenever users want they can find the solution for their technical issues. Now follow the instructions given below step by step.
Open the laptop and navigate the "Network & sharing center." Then visit at "Control Panel," Here you will get all options for the home network.
Search the option "Printer Sharing" from the right bottom of the laptop screen. Now from the drop-down menu, you need to click on the next item, then you will reach to the menu where you will get two option boxes. Now select the option box "Enable Printer Sharing" and exit from the menu.
If you have a wireless laptop then repeat the step 2 once to enable the printer sharing on that laptop.
Finally, select the shared printer as the default printer. If you want to take a test print to make sure your laptop is now working with HP printer, then print a document.
Above steps are simple to follow, but however, you face trouble to fix the issue. You can get in touch with customer care. Via HP Printer Technical Support phone Number you can find the solution. Related to any kind of printer issues you can get the help of HP printer customer care experts.
Add on more vibrancy and appeal to your campaigns with Dynamics 365 for Marketing!


Happy August moments. There weren't that many. I've been viciously homesick ever since I went back to Vienna for a weekend in July. Happy days were those that I spent with my best friends, in town all too briefly; when we went to East Sussex/Kent to stay with Peter's dad; buying plants on my way to the Harry and the Potters gig; and, more than anything, weekends spent away from the city, like last weekend, when I went back to Durham and hung out in the same tiny cafés with my lovely friends.
If anyone has any tips on how to survive in London, do let me know. I'm running out of ideas and patience.
Oh no. I hope you find peace in the city soon!
Blast! I was going to buy you a jade plant! Museums? Have you tried the megabus ride? If it's survivable we might be able to make visits more often.
I want to fill up my flat with plants, I love this particular one. Do you have any tips on how not to kill them?
Note to self: stop pulling stupid faces in pictures.
The Megabus is bearable if you get an overnight one, and can sleep sitting up.
Dudes nooo I'm not doing the Megabus, I'll just come up by train.... I think you can still get cheapish train tickets if you book in advance and don't mind going at odd times of the day.


Donna Dailey visits Albania by boat from Corfu Town, staying overnight and seeing archaeological sites with Sipa Tours.
It's a sardonic comment on the thriving black market in stolen cars, allegedly run by the so-called Albania mafia. And judging by the number of Mercedes we saw when we got off the ferry in Sarandë, many people may not find it too funny. The streets are literally lined with them. The profusion of this status symbol in one of Europe's poorest countries is just one of Albania's many anomalies.
After the Second World War, the Stalinist dictator Enver Hoxha came to power, eventually sealing Albania's borders and cutting it off from the outside world. For decades it was the most isolated and backward country in Europe. The border only reopened in 1991, six years after Hoxha's death. Now under democratic rule, the country has struggled to shake off the financial and social legacy of its communist years.
While the capital, Tirana, is the focus of business and government, the southern tip, bordered by the Greek mainland and the Adriatic and the Ionian seas, is the most ripe for tourism. The island of Corfu is only 2km away at its nearest point, and a ferry from there is an easy way to visit. we made my first trip to Albania in 1995, but the growth of its then-fledgling tourism effort was halted two years later when angry mobs took to the streets following the collapse of a fraudulent pyramid investment scheme.
Now I'm returning with Arben (Ben) Cipa, a young Albanian who runs Sipa Tours with his business partner Ingrid, a Dutch national who lives on Corfu. On the island, Ben is known as Sotiros. As a teenager he left Albania seeking better opportunities, and even took a Greek name.
Arriving at the port, we find the old Stalinesque concrete apartments are now flanked by shiny new hotels. Old women in black dress and headscarves eye the passengers as they spread out piles of vegetables to sell on the pavement. Nearby the money-changers line up with thick wads of notes in their hands.
We're directed to show our passports at a new building. 'This terminal wasn't here 10 years ago,' we remark.
Sarandë's changing faces are juxtaposed as we drive through the city. We pass a palm-lined waterfront promenade with smart restaurants and cafe-bars, a cow grazing on a vacant city lot, and women selling fresh mussels from big baskets on a street corner. Nearly every car we pass is a Mercedes of some shape or size.
'The Albanians say it's the only car that can cope with our roads,' Ben says when we ask why there are so many. 'You can buy one very cheaply here.' With a little prodding, we find out that until the police caught on, German motorists were colluding in the scam, reporting their cars 'stolen', getting a new car with the insurance claim, and pocketing a few thousand euros for the old one.
We drive up a steep hill to Castle Lekuresi, now a top restaurant, for a coffee and the stupendous view over the bay. On the way down our mini-van, a Fiat Ulysses, starts overheating. 'This is what happens when you don't have a Mercedes,' Ingrid says.
So it's back to town to hire a taxi for the day and sure enough, it's a Mercedes. Finally we're off to Gjirokaster, and we soon take Ben's point about the roads. The bumpy tarmac winds through a lush countryside of fertile fields and hillsides with flowering yellow sage and pink Judas trees. Enterprising locals have set up roadside stands beneath the trees, chilling watermelons, cherries and soft drinks in the streams. Others run makeshift car washes beside the river.
Over the top of a hill a wide plain opens up below us, backed by a stunning range of rugged, white-capped mountains. Ben tells us the Greek border is only 5km away. Despite their beauty, few outsiders venture into the mountains, where tales of blood feuds and armed bandits are not entirely a thing of the past.
Ben's father is the famous Albanian poet, Lefter Cipa. One night he was travelling in a car with three other men when they were stopped by the police who were looking for armed bandits. He held up a book of his poetry and told them 'This is my only weapon'. The policemen laughed and sent them on their way.
As we descend into the valley, a line of concrete pillboxes spreads across a field below. It looks like a row of skull tops. Hoxha's bunkers are Albania's most infamous sight. The dictator was so paranoid about invasion that he built some 300,000 of them to control the country. You see them everywhere, large and small, not just along the coast and borders but in unlikely places, even people's front gardens.
The old town of Gjirokaster is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with traditional houses perched on steep hillsides below a castle. Enver Hoxha was born here in 1908, in a grand old Turkish-style mansion built of stone with wooden balconies. Rebuilt after a fire, it is now an Ethnographic Museum portraying traditional family life, albeit an upper-class one. The communist leader clearly came from a life of privilege.
The 13th-century castle is an amazing fortress, with walls three metres thick and arches built of stone. It was a prison until 1968 and now houses a military museum of sorts, with displays of arms from the Stone Age to World War II, mostly from other countries. There is, however, an exhibit on another of Gjirokaster's native sons, the writer Ismail Kadare, winner of the first international Man-Booker prize.
That night, over drinks on the promenade back in Sarandë, with lights twinkling prettily round the bay, we think that we could be almost anywhere in the Mediterranean. Indeed, many locals see the town's future as a seaside resort. This is apparent the next day as we drive along the coast to Butrint. The coast is part of the so-called Albanian Riviera, and there are dozens of villas and hotels under construction. Curiously, many sites had scarecrows on the open rooftops.
We pass Lake Butrint, with its large mussel beds. Further along its shore we enter the archaeological site of Butrint. Now part of a national park covering 29 sq km, it rivals any ancient site in Greece. Dating back to at least 1000 BC, the well-preserved ruins contain prehistoric walls, Greek temples, Roman mosaics and a Byzantine church, winding through a verdant, atmospheric setting.
On the way back to Sarandë we wonder who will fill all those new hotels. Foreign tourist numbers are still small. Perhaps what Albania needs is more impressive sites like Butrint to attract them. Although a sense of anarchy from the old days still lingers under the surface, the Albanians seem an enterprising lot.
Someone has even made good use of Hoxha's bunkers. From the corniche road we see them along the sea, painted in bright colours and designs. Beach huts? Or simply works of art, an artistic statement on the new Albania.
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