text:
Als Auszug bezeichnet man das Verlassen einer Universitätsstadt durch Studenten und/oder Professoren. Ein solcher Auszug war in früheren Zeiten manchmal das Ergebnis eines schweren Konflikts. Als Zeichen ihres Protests verließen die Studenten oder Universitätsangehörige inklusive Professoren die Stadt. Ein solches Verhaltensmuster kam bereits im Spätmittelalter vor.

Auszüge im Mittelalter
Mehrere Universitäten führen ihre Gründung auf einen Auszug von Dozenten und Studenten aus einer anderen Universität zurück. Das berühmteste Beispiel ist die Universität Cambridge, die, zumindest der Legende nach, im Jahr 1209 von Akademikern gegründet wurde, die sich in Oxford mit den lokalen Autoritäten überworfen hatten. Die Universität Heidelberg entstand 1386, als deutsche Studenten infolge des großen abendländischen Schismas zwischen Rom und Avignon ihre Stipendien für die Sorbonne verloren. Nach Streitigkeiten an der Karls-Universität Prag zogen 1409 viele der dortigen deutschen Lehrkräfte und Studenten nach Leipzig (in der Markgrafschaft Meißen), wo die Artistenfakultät den Lehrbetrieb aufnahm. Die Universität Leipzig bekam sowohl von der Stadt als auch von den Landesherren mehrere Gebäude übereignet. Noch im selben Jahr wurde das "Studium generale" durch Papst Alexander V. bestätigt.

Aus der Universität Rostock sind nicht weniger als drei Auszüge überliefert; aus dem ersten ging die Universität Greifswald hervor.

Dem Auszug ging oftmals eine Verrufserklärung gegen die Universität oder die Bürger der Universitätsstadt voraus.

Auszüge in der Neuzeit

Gießen
Auszüge der Gießener Studentenschaft führten im 19. Jahrhundert auf den Gleiberg und den Staufenberg.

Göttingen

In der Zeit um 1800 wurde der Auszug von Studenten zunehmend als wirtschaftliches Druckmittel gegen die Behörden oder Bürger der Universitätsstadt genutzt, um studentische Interessen durchzusetzen. Aufgrund der großen wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung der Studenten für die oft kleinen Universitätsstädte gelang dies auch nicht selten. So verließen 1790 die Göttinger Studenten die Stadt, um mehr Rechte zu erhalten. Sie kampierten auf dem Kerstlingeröder Feld vor den Toren der Stadt. Aufgrund der hohen Einnahmeverluste vieler Bürger, die von der Versorgung der Studenten lebten, gingen die Stadtväter auf die Forderungen ein, um die Studenten zurückzuholen. Wie in solchen Fällen üblich, zogen die Studenten mit viel Pomp und unter dem Jubel der Bevölkerung wieder in die Stadt.

Der Auszug nach Hannoversch Münden (1806) und der Auszug nach Witzenhausen (1818), dem ersten Ort außerhalb des Königreichs Hannover, waren für die Studenten weniger erfolgreich.

Heidelberg
In Heidelberg gab es im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts drei Auszüge der Studentenschaft: Der erste führte am 13./14. Juli 1804 die beiden damals bestehenden Landsmannschaften der Rheinländer und Franco-Badenser (zusammen etwa 200 Personen) nach einem Konflikt zwischen Studenten und Militärangehörigen nach Neuenheim auf dem der Stadt Heidelberg gegenüberliegenden Neckarufer. Auf Bitten der Zünfte und des Magistrats intervenierte die Universitätsleitung bei der Großherzoglichen Regierung. Mit Einverständnis des Kurfürsten sicherte der Rektor vollständige Satisfaktion zu, worauf die Studenten unter Musikbegleitung und Beifall der Professoren in die Stadt zurückkehrten.

Im August 1828 erhoben die Corps des Heidelberger Senioren-Convents und die Burschenschaft die Forderung nach Änderung der Satzungen der Heidelberger Museumsgesellschaft und sprachen, als diese sich weigerte, den Verruf über die Gesellschaft aus. Da der Senat daraufhin vier Burschenschafter mit Karzerstrafen belegte, beschloss die Gesamtstudentenschaft die Befreiung der Inhaftierten, stürmte den Karzer und trat am 14. August einen Auszug über Ketsch und Mutterstadt nach Frankenthal an (ca. 400 Teilnehmer). Verhandlungen mit der Universität scheiterten. Am 17. August sprach die Mehrheit über die Universität einen Verruf aus und verstreute sich, doch kehrten insbesondere zahlreiche Mitglieder der Corps zum folgenden Wintersemester nach Heidelberg zurück.

Letztmals zogen 364 Studenten am 17. Juli 1848 unter Führung des SC nach Neustadt an der Haardt aus. Dieser Auszug, der im Zusammenhang mit der revolutionären Bewegung des Jahres 1848 zu sehen ist, war bis Ende Juli beendet.

Helmstedt

Im Winter 1790/1791 führte ein wochenlang andauernder Konflikt zwischen Studenten der Universität Helmstedt und der Handwerkerschaft der Stadt nach einem schweren Tumult im Februar 1791 zu einem Auszug der Studenten in das benachbarte Dorf Harbke. Nach dem Einwirken der Regierung des Fürstentums Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel und Vermittlung des Helmstedter Bürgermeisters Georg Fein zwischen den streitenden Parteien, kehrten die Studenten am 2. März 1791 in die Universitätsstadt zurück.

Jena 1792
In Jena hatten die Schokoladisten unter den Studenten Unruhen ausgelöst. Aus Protest gegen die Verlegung von Militär in die Stadt Jena zog am 19. Juli 1792 ein Teil der Studenten aus bis nach Nohra (im Erfurtischen), dem ersten Ort außerhalb des Fürstentums, um hier für Versammlungs- und Vereinsfreiheit zu streiten. Nachdem die Weimarer Minister, u. a. Goethe, ihre Forderungen erfüllten, zogen sie wieder nach Jena zurück. Die livländischen Studenten schufen sich daraufhin eine neue Fahne, auf der zu lesen war: Vivat Libertas Academica! (Hoch lebe die akademische Freiheit).

Siehe auch
 Universitätsgeschichte

Literatur
 Karsten Bahnson: Akademische Auszüge aus deutschen Universitäts- und Hochschulorten. Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen 1973
 Norbert Nail: Formen studentischer Unbotmäßigkeit im 19. Jahrhundert. In: Jörg Jochen Berns (Hrsg.), Marburg-Bilder. Eine Ansichtssache. Zeugnisse aus fünf Jahrhunderten. Bd. 2, Marburg 1996 (Marburger Stadtschriften zur Geschichte und Kultur; 53), S. 209–229 (darin: Die Auszüge nach Gladenbach 1811 und 1815).

Einzelnachweise

Universitätsgeschichte
Studentisches Brauchtum und Ritual


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15 Great Movie Villains Who Totally Stole The Show
Everyone has enemies, if only they were as interesting as these guys.
The one constant of cinema is that if the antagonist of the piece isn't up to scratch, the whole film suffers. After all, if the hero isn't facing a worthy adversary there's no real point in watching - the audience would fall into a tedium-induced coma and countless £10 buckets of popcorn would fall from sleeping hands to the disgusting carpet below. That's why it's so exciting when you come across a film where, despite spending more time with the hero, the villains are actually crafted with more care, their layered motivation conveyed through stand-out performances.
It also helps that actors themselves seem to revel in being given a chance to dig into their latent inner evil which tends to make for more interesting viewing than a hero's tiresome race against the clock, boring romantic subplot and inevitable happy ending.
Get your red lightsabers, facial scars and nuclear launch codes at the ready as we delve into a truly wretched hive of scum and villainy.
15. Owen Davian - Mission: Impossible III
Philip Seymour Hoffman brought a certain prestige to every role he took on and his portrayal of sadistic arms merchant Owen Davian in Mission: Impossible III was no exception. Many villainous characters tend to lean towards the theatrical, especially in the series where Tom Cruise plays an all-American superman, but Hoffman managed to provide an engaging antagonistic performance without becoming a pile of ham. Davian'€™s strength is in his pragmatism, he essentially sends the heroes on a globe spanning mission to get him what he wants.
The leverage he uses to do this is Ethan Hunt€™'s (Cruise) new wife, who Davian tracks down using nothing more than the protagonist'€™s first name. It€™'s also worth noting that he€™'s not above executing those that cross him, whether by firearm or via tiny explosives implanted into peoples€™ brains (the latter which he describes as €˜fun€™). Davian is the IMF€™'s worst nightmare - a violent, egomaniacal despot with the means to back up his sadistic threats. Of course, in the end, our hero has to swoop in and save his damsel in distress, sending Davian to the big evil lair in the sky by throwing him through a window and under a speeding truck.
A flashy end for an understated villain to be sure, but even in death Davian has an advantage over Hunt: one of the aforementioned brain bombs is primed and ready to explode his pretty head. To claim victory over evil, Hunt has to be electrocuted to death and subsequently revived by his clearly traumatised wife. This is twisted stuff, but ultimately to be expected.
As Davian himself says, "You can tell a lot about a person's character by how they treat people they don't have to treat well."
Star Wars: Rise Of Skywalker - Everything It Gets Wrong
Star Wars: The Rise Of Skywalker Review - 6 Ups & 8 Downs
Leonardo-DiCaprio Django Unchained
First	Posted On: 19th Nov 2015
Johno Patterson
A pop culture mad writer from the North East who loves films, television and debating them with whoever will listen. Follow me on Twitter @Johno_Patterson
See more from Johno

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Archive for the tag "minor signs of the Hour"
The World Gets Topsy-Turvier: Signs of the End Days [1/2]
The Hour is drawing near and the moon has been cleft in two, declares the Qur'an [54:1] In another of its many eschatological verses, it says: They ask you about the Hour. Say: 'Knowledge of it is but with Allah. What will make you aware of it? It maybe that the Hour is near.' [33:63] The Prophet, peace be upon him, stated: 'My coming, and the Hour, are like this' – holding up his index and middle finger to demonstrate their closeness.1 In another hadith, it mentions: 'Count six things before the Hour comes,' and the first of them he mentioned was: 'my death.'2 These two events are considered to be the first two "signs" of the End Days; the first of the ashrat al-sa'ah – "signs before the coming of the Hour."
Going back to the Qur'an again, it alerts about the Hour and the mighty reckoning it will bring: Closer draws to mankind their reckoning, yet they heed it not and disregard it. [21:1] And: They think it is far off; while We see it as near. [70:6-7]
Our 'ulema have divided these End of Day signs into two groups: major and minor (or greater and lesser). Most of the minor signs (ashrat sughra) will be, in a way, a prelude to the Final Hour and take place a considerable time before it; some shall immediately precede the major signs (ashrat kubra) or will accompany them; whilst a few will occur after the major signs have unfolded.
Another way the minor signs have been classified is: (i) those that have occurred and have ended; (ii) those which have occurred and continue to proliferate; and (iii) those signs which have yet to occur.3
An example of the first would be the coming and departing of the Prophet, peace be upon him, to and from this earthly realm. Another would be the Plague of Amwas, as per the hadith: 'Count six things before the Hour comes: my death, then the conquest of Jerusalem, then a plague that will afflict you like the disease of cattle …'4 Ibn Hajr said: 'This sign was manifested in the Plague of Amwas during 'Umar's caliphate, and this occurred after the conquest of Jerusalem.'5 This plague struck in 18H and claimed the lives of 25,000 people; including that of the famous Companion, Abu 'Ubaydah b. al-Jarrah.
Signs that have already occurred and which continue their onward trajectory include: the uncritical imitation of non-Muslim culture, values and lifestyles. There occurs in one hadith: 'The Hour will not be established until my ummah takes to what previous nations took to.'6 And in another hadith: 'You will soon follow the ways of those who came before you, inch by inch, handspan by handspan, so much so that if they were to enter a lizard's hole, you would do likewise.' They asked: O Allah's Messenger, do you mean the Jews and Christians? He replied: 'Who else?'7 As long as we keep deferring to the monoculture and its masters, things shall not bode well for this ummah of great mercies. Inculturation must be guided by the rulings and objectives of our shari'ah, as well as kept wise by the profound insights of our tasawwuf/tazkiyah tradition.
Some more signs in this genre include: 'From the signs of the Hour is that knowledge will be lifted and ignorance established.'8 The knowledge ('ilm) being referred to here is sacred knowledge; knowledge of Islam: its rulings, ethics and spiritual demands. As for secular knowledge, that continues to proliferate. Another sign is: 'Before the Hour comes, usury (riba) will be widespread.'9 In another: 'The Hour will not be established until Allah takes His virtuous servants from the earth, so that only the riffraff remain: they will neither recognise virtue nor reject vice.'1o Another hadith worth citing here: 'The Hour will not be established until people compete in building lofty buildings.'11 This is akin to the famous hadith: 'You will see the barefooted, scantly-clad, destitute herdsmen competing to construct lofty buildings.'12 The project of scraping the skies by former herdsmen and their descendants is already well underway, even disfiguring the skyline of Islam's most holy of holies.
Other signs in this category include: 'The Hour will not be established until trials and civil commotions become widespread, lying proliferates and markets become closer.'13 And: 'The Hour will not be established till time passes rapidly.'14 Markets being close together is said to refer to how modern travel and communications have made them and their goods instantly knowable, accessible and purchasable: whilst the quickening of time refers to the lack of blessing (barakah) in it, such that what could be done in the past is more than can be done now, in the same span of time. This quickening of time (taqarab al-zaman) has also been interpreted literally, as in the hadith: 'The Hour will not come until time quickens and a year is like a month.'15
Another hadith reads: 'The Hour will not be established until mountains are moved from their places and you shall see great calamities that you have never seen before.'16 The Prophet, peace be upon him, also said: 'The Hour will not be established till the land of the Arabs return to being meadows and rivers.'17 We're currently seeing the birth of significant tracts of green pastures in the larger Arabian peninsular, albeit via manmade feats of engineering (as with the case of mountains being moved).
Another sign, this time less positive, speaks of the Khawarij: 'Towards the end of time there shall come a people young in age (hudatha'u'l-asnan) and also lacking in intellect (sufaha'u'l-ahlam). They will speak with the best speech of people, yet they shall pass through Islam as an arrow passes through its game. Their faith won't go beyond their throats. Wherever you encounter them, slay them; for in slaying them entails a huge reward on the Day of Judgement.'18 Another hadith about them says: 'There will arise a people who will recite the Qur'an but it won't go beyond their collarbone. Each time a new generation arises, they will be cut-off [Ibn 'Umar said the Prophet, peace be on him, repeated the words: 'each time a new generation arises they will be cut-off' more than twenty times], until the Dajjal appears at their tale end.'19 Thus this misguided sect will keep rearing its violent and ugly head among the ummah, but each time they do so they will be known by the People of Knowledge and will be duly repudiated. Wa li'Llahi'l-hamd.
And finally in this category are the usual suspects: 'From the signs of the Hour is that knowledge will diminish, ignorance will proliferate, fornication/adultery (zina) will be prevalent, and the numbers of women shall increase whilst that of men decrease; so much so that one man will care for fifty women.'20 'The Hour will not be established until earthquakes increase.'21 And finally: 'Towards the end of my ummah there will be men who will ride on something like comfortable saddles, and will dismount at the doors of mosques; and their women will be clothed yet naked.'22 Women immodestly dressed is understood: as for "comfortable saddles," could that be referring to modern cars – as suggested by some scholars?
Examples of signs which have yet to reveal themselves would include: 'The Hour will not be established until the Euphrates reveals a mountain of gold, over which people would fight. Ninety-nine out of each hundred people will be slain, though every man among them will think that perhaps he will be the one to be saved [and hence get the gold].'23 It says in another hadith: 'The Euphrates will soon uncover a treasure of gold, he who is present there should not take anything of it.'24
Three end days persons are significant in this genre of hadith. The first is mentioned in the Prophet's words, peace be upon him: 'The Hour will not be established until a man from Qahtan will emerge, who will drive the people with his whip,'25 which is a metaphor for people accepting his leadership and authority over them.26 The second person: 'The Ka'bah will be demolished by Dhu'l-Suwayqatayn from Abyssinia.'27 The last personality: 'Night and day will not cease until a man called Jahjah would come to power.'28 Put aside what the Rastas may (or may not) think of this hadith, there isn't much discussion on these three personalities in the hadith commentaries. Some have suggested that Jahjah is the man from the distinguished Arab tribe of Qahtan; others disagree and say that this is unlikely, since another hadith makes it clear that Jahjah is a freed slave; others believe that he and Dhul-Suwayqatayn are one and the same. And Allah knows best.29
Another sign yet to occur is the unarmed conquest of Constantinople: 'The Hour will not be established until seventy-thousand of the Banu Ishaq march against it. When they reach it and descend upon it they shall neither fight with weapons, nor fire any arrows, but will say: la ilaha illa'Llahu wa'Llahu akbar, upon which the side facing the sea will fall. They will say la ilaha illa'Llahu wa'Llahu akbar a second time, whereby the other side shall fall. They will again say la ilaha illa'Llahu wa'Llahu akbar whereupon it will be opened to them and they shall enter it and claim the booty …'30
Finally in this genre are the various prophecies concerning the coming of the Mahdi, about whom the Prophet, peace be upon him, declared: 'I give you glad tidings of the Mahdi, who will be sent when people are divided and earthquakes occur. He shall fill the world with justice and fairness as it was filled with injustice and oppression. The inhabitants of the heavens and the earth will be pleased with him, and he shall divide wealth justly.'31 In another hadith: 'There will appear in the last part of my ummah the Mahdi. Allah shall grant him rain and the earth shall bring forth its vegetation. Wealth would be distributed fairly, livestock and livelihood will be abundant and the ummah shall become great. He will live for seven or eight [years].'32 And this: 'If there remained only one day left in this world, Allah would prolong it and send to it a man from me, or from my family, whose name will be the same as mine and whose father's name would be the same as my father's. He will fill the earth with justice and fairness just as it had been filled with injustice and oppression.'33
Of course, there are hadiths in each of the three categories whose meanings aren't so obvious or clear. Scholars differ over their interpretations and meanings; and thus the signs they contain may have occurred or are yet to occur. In other words, it may not be easy to determine which of the above three categories the hadith should be put in. An example of one such obfuscation is the aforementioned hadith about "comfortable saddles". Does this refer to modern cars, or to something that is yet to make its debut in the world? The wording is unarguably highly suggestive of modern transport, but one couldn't state this with absolute certainty.
Another example is the hadith: 'As the Hour approaches crescent moons will swell; and that people will observe a first night crescent moon and declare: "it is two nights old!"'34 Now is this phenomenon referring to something that has yet to take place? Or does it bespeak of our current hilal dilemma wherein some Muslims have chalked up a record of allegedly spotting the new moon one day before everyone else? Does the "swelling" of the moon refer to seeing it with the aid of telescopes and binoculars, or to the phenomenon known as size constancy, or to something entirely different?
Then there is that rather intriguing hadith which says: 'By Him in whose hand is my life! The Hour will not be established until wild beasts speak to people, until the end of a man's whip and his shoelace speak to him, and his thigh informs him about what his family is doing in his absence.'35 Is this speaking hinting at mobile phones (which were not so long ago fashionably worn on the hip) and items of clothing they are now being sown into? Or to some future piece of tech? Or should this be taken literally, i.e. that animals and inanimate objects shall actually speak. We know of a few reports in the prophetic age where animals did speak to people; hence inanimate things actually speaking wouldn't be so far fetched.
Another engaging End-Day event is given in the following Companion-report (athar), which finds 'Abd Allah b. 'Amr saying (presumably on prophetic authority, since it is speaking of an unseen, future event which cannot be known except through Revealed authority): 'When you see the belly of Makkah with passages dug out and you see the buildings taller than the mountain tops, then know that the affair has cast its shadow (fa'lam anna'l-amr qad azallak).'36 Many are convinced that this report, if authentic, is describing the tunnels that bore through Makkah's mountains, allowing pedestrians and traffic to flow in and out of Masjid al-Haram. As for its buildings being taller than mountains, this is a recent happening of the last two decades or so. Things have taken a turn in Makkah during our very lifetime. While there is much change that pilgrims and visitors can and should be thankful for, the city is also awash with garish hotels, gaudy shopping malls and a lurid clock-tower; many of which dwarf the surrounding mountain tops.
What these hadiths show is that some End Day hadiths aren't so easy to decipher. So scholars have always insisted on interpretative restraint and to not make quick calls about who or what these hadiths do or do not apply to – especially those with greater socio-political ramifications. Rushing into passing fatwas in such matters can and has led to great civil unrest and fitnah in our history; the usual culprits of commotion are, in the main, when the unlearned or hasty insist on pining the titles of Dajjal or Mahdi onto specific individuals whom the 'ulema have said don't fit the bill.
As for the major signs, they are summed up in following hadith: 'The final Hour will not occur until ten signs come to pass: a landslide in the East; a landslide in the West; and a landslide in the Arabian peninsular; the Smoke; the Anti-Christ (al-dajjal); the Beasts of the Earth; Gog and Magog; the sun rising from the West; a fire from Yemen that will drive the people to the place of the Gathering; and the descent of Jesus, son of Mary.'37
Doubtlessly, things have been set in motion that are now unstoppable. We Muslims of today are living through monumental times and changes, where the lesser signs of the Hour; these ashrat al-sa'ah, are unfolding rapidly and vividly before our very eyes. The midnight hour is soon to strike, the cosmic order is reaching a crescendo, and Islam's End of Day auguries continue to be proved true.
The second and final part of this blog will focus on those hadiths, companion-reports and signs that speak about the actual topsy-turviness of the end times; and how social confusion and spiritual pollution begin to invert sacred norms and traditional human paradigms. Yet with all of these trials, tribulations, battles and struggles the followers of Abrahamic monotheism must of necessity face and endure, they cannot forget the promise of Allah, exalted is He: And the end is for those who fear Allah. [7:128] In one hadith we discover these words of the Prophet, peace be upon him: 'Give glad-tidings to this ummah of ease, honour and glory, supremacy of religion, establishment upon earth, and victory. Whoever among them does an act of the Hereafter for the sake of the world, shall have no share in the Hereafter.'38
That being said, we mustn't allow such triumphalism to feather the nests of our egos. Rather, we must temper our End of Day triumphalism with a more modest, sobering question – one which is the subject of our final hadith: A man asked, O Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour? The Prophet, peace be upon him, simply replied: 'What have you prepared for it?'39
What indeed!
1. Al-Bukhari, no.6503.
2. ibid., no.3176.
3. See: Ibn Hajr al-'Asqalani, Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah, 1989), 13:104.
5. Fath al-Bari, 6:342.
7. Al-Bukhari, no.7320; Muslim, no.2669.
8. Al-Bukhari, no.80; Muslim, no.2681.
9. Al-Mundhari, al-Targhib wa'l-Tarhib, no.2721, after which he said that it was related by al-Tabarani and its chain of narrators are those of the Sahih.
10. Al-Hakim, al-Mustadrak, 4:435, after which he said: 'This hadith is sahih as per the criteria of the Two Shaykhs.'
11. Al-Bukhari, no.7121.
12. Muslim, no.80.
13. Ahmad, Musnad, no.11009. Al-Haythami stated its narrators are those of the Sahih, except for Sa'id b. Sam'an who is trustworthy. See: Majma' al-Zawa'id (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah, 2001), 7:446; no.12450.
14. Ahmad, Musnad, no.10560; it was graded sahih in al-Albani, Sahih al-Jami' al-Saghir (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islami, 1986), no.7422. Its like is also in al-Bukhari, no.1036.
15. Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan, no.2332. A fuller discussion of the matter is given in Ibn Hajr, Fath al-Bari, 13:20-21.
16. Al-Tabarani. Mu'jam al-Kabir, no.6857. It was graded sahih by al-Albani, Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah (Riyadh: Maktabah al-Ma'arif, 2002), no.3061.
17. Muslim, no.1012.
19. Ibn Majah, Sunan, no.174. It was declared to be sahih in al-Albani, Sahih al-Jami' al-Saghir, no.8027.
20. Al-Bukhari, no.81; Muslim, no.2681.
22. Ahmad, no.7073. The hadith is hasan, as per al-Albani, Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah (Riyadh: Maktabah al-Ma'arif, 1996), no.2683.
25. Al-Bukhari, no.3517; Muslim, no.2910.
26. As explained in Ibn Hajr, Fath al-Bari, 6:677.
29. See: Yusuf al-Wabil, Ashrat al-Sa'ah (Saudi Arabia: Dar Ibn al-Jawzi, 2009), 189-91.
31. Ahmad, Musnad, 3:37. Its chain of narrators are all reliable (thiqat), as stated by al-Haythami, Majma' al-Zawa'id, 7:431-2; no.12393.
32. Al-Hakim, Mustadrak, 4:557-8, where he said: 'The isnad of this hadith is sahih.' For a similar verdict consult: al-Albani, Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islami, 1985), no.711.
33. Abu Dawud, no.4282; al-Tirmidhi, no.2331, where he declared: 'This hadith is hasan sahih.'
34. Al-Tabarani, Mu'jam al-Awsat, no.9376. Al-Haythami said, Majma' al-Zawa'd, 3:263; no.4808: its chain contains 'Abd al-Rahman b. al-Arzaq al-Antaqi, whose biography couldn't be ascertained.
35. Al-Tirmidhi, no.2181, where he states: 'This hadith is hasan gharib sahih.'
36. Ibn Abi Shaybah, Musannaf (Cairo: al-Faruq al-Hadithah, 2008), 13:260; no.38248. Its chain (isnad) includes 'Ata al-'Amiri, who has been called into question by certain hadith authorities.
38. Al-Bayhaqi, Shu'ab al-Iman, no.6835, and it is sahih. See: al-Albani, Sahih al-Jami' al-Saghir, no.2825; and his Sahih al-Targhib wa'l-Tarhib, no.23. It also occurs without the wording: "ease" in Ahmad, 5:134; Ibn Hibban, no.405; al-Hakim, no.7862.
Posted in eschatology & the end days, theology and tagged Day of Judgement approaching, end of days, fitnahs increasing towards the end of time, hadiths about the end days, major signs of the Hour, minor signs of the Hour, triumph of Islam, What will happen in the end times?


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package org.gradle.launcher.daemon.context;

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.gradle.internal.Factory;
import org.gradle.internal.jvm.Jvm;
import org.gradle.internal.nativeplatform.ProcessEnvironment;
import org.gradle.launcher.daemon.configuration.DaemonParameters;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

import static org.gradle.util.GFileUtils.canonicalise;

/**
 * Builds a daemon context, reflecting the current environment.
 * <p>
 * The builder itself has properties for different context values, that allow you to override
 * what would be set based on the environment. This is primarily to aid in testing.
 */
public class DaemonContextBuilder implements Factory<DaemonContext> {

    private String uid;
    private File javaHome;
    private File daemonRegistryDir;
    private Long pid;
    private Integer idleTimeout;
    private Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
    private List<String> daemonOpts = Lists.newArrayList();

    public DaemonContextBuilder(ProcessEnvironment processEnvironment) {
        javaHome = canonicalise(Jvm.current().getJavaHome());
        pid = processEnvironment.maybeGetPid();
    }

    public File getJavaHome() {
        return javaHome;
    }

    public void setJavaHome(File javaHome) {
        this.javaHome = javaHome;
    }

    public File getDaemonRegistryDir() {
        return this.daemonRegistryDir;
    }

    public void setDaemonRegistryDir(File daemonRegistryDir) {
        this.daemonRegistryDir = daemonRegistryDir;
    }

    public String getUid() {
        return uid;
    }

    public void setUid(String uid) {
        this.uid = uid;
    }

    public Long getPid() {
        return pid;
    }

    public void setPid(Long pid) {
        this.pid = pid;
    }

    public Integer getIdleTimeout() {
        return idleTimeout;
    }

    public void setIdleTimeout(Integer idleTimeout) {
        this.idleTimeout = idleTimeout;
    }

    public Locale getLocale() {
        return locale;
    }

    public void setLocale(Locale locale) {
        this.locale = locale;
    }

    public List<String> getDaemonOpts() {
        return daemonOpts;
    }

    public void setDaemonOpts(List<String> daemonOpts) {
        this.daemonOpts = daemonOpts;
    }

    public void useDaemonParameters(DaemonParameters daemonParameters) {
        setJavaHome(daemonParameters.getEffectiveJavaHome());
        setDaemonOpts(daemonParameters.getEffectiveJvmArgs());
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new daemon context, based on the current state of this builder.
     */
    public DaemonContext create() {
        if (daemonRegistryDir == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Registry dir must be specified.");
        }
        return new DefaultDaemonContext(uid, javaHome, daemonRegistryDir, pid, idleTimeout, daemonOpts);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For the first time, an award was given for the best component to the University of Texas at El Paso for the development of fuel-distribution spiders. This was a novel fuel-rail design that ensured equal distribution (temperature and pressure) of liquid-phase LPG to each fuel injector.
One of the evaluation tests included a road rally from Windsor to Toronto, about 250 miles, without refueling.
University of Windsor achieved ULEV standards in 1996.
Texas Tech University beat the acceleration of the standard gasoline-powered minivan in 1996 by .05 seconds, with their acceleration time taking 11.52 seconds.
Illinois Institute of Technology achieved 20 MPG, exceeding the fuel economy of a standard minivan.
GMI Engineering & Management Institute achieved LEV standards in 1996.
University of Texas at El Paso achieved an estimated range of 716 miles upon refueling.
The University of Alberta, Edmonton achieved the best fuel economy when they achieved 22.8 MPG (31.2 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpgge).


text:
June 23, 2016 by minke d'antiminke
From twitter, so take as you will:
Number of EU myths debunked by the European Commission
Posted in Britain
May 29, 2016 by minke d'antiminke
I can't quite believe we're actually having a referendum on this, but hey ho. So here are some reasons to vote against leaving the EU.
1. We get the MEPs we deserve. If you want better representation for Britain in the European Parliament, then stop voting for UKIP and other parties who will just take our money and piss it away instead of turning up to votes.
2. Leaving the EU will not save Britain from TTIP, Caroline Lucas warns
All the leave eu arguments sound like they boil down to "they stop us being as evil as we'd prefer to be"
— paul pod (@paulpod) 28 May 2016
4. 10 points to consider about Brexit and the EU Referendum by Andy Williamson
We'll have control over our own laws. No. We won't, we will still need to harmonise with Europe. The only difference between now and then is that at the moment we get to influence those laws. If we leave we just have to adopt them (See Norway).
British courts can make the final decision. More complex this one but, in short, no. They can't. At least not any more than now. The European Court of Human Rights (the Daily Mule's biggest enemy) has nothing to do with the EU. The European Court of Justice is the final arbiter of EU law (not national law)… see point 1.
We can control our own borders. Er… We already do. You remember that passport thing you have to show the man?
We can control immigration. In theory, yes, we could. We could pull up the drawbridge and fill in the tunnel too. But it won't happen because we lose more than we gain.
Staying in makes terrorism more likely. One of the more facile claims, this is so brilliantly stupid that it is almost genius. Staying in the EU makes us a hotbed for terrorism whilst leaving means we're all safe. There you have it! The only problem is, it's not true. First of all, see point 4 above. Then consider that terrorists are just like multi-nationals – they don't respect national borders, they don't play fair and they don't care about you.
We'll renegotiate free trade deals to replace the EU. We won't. Certainly not quickly at least. We'll trade with the EU as a member of the EEA so we get pretty much the same as now but we lose the power to influence any future changes. Again, see Norway. And the US has already made it clear it has no interest in a FTA with a newly isolated and rapidly sinking UK. But if you believe we can do instant deals why don't you start with Scotland. As it will undoubtedly leave if the UK leaves the EU. As eventually will Northern Ireland. And then Wales… starting to feel like the ugly kid at the school disco yet?
We'll be strutting our stuff as world power again. Newsflash! The UK is a world power. It has a seat on the UN Security Council. It punches enormously above its weight on the international stage. This is in part because of its connectedness to Europe and its power within the EU. Leave and what are you left with? There is momentum building to review the UNSC membership, what do you think are the odds that an isolated UK will still be there?
The economy will thrive if we're outside the EU. Seriously? It's not even worth bothering trying to answer this one! The statement is just so blatantly devoid of logic. We're not Norway. we sold off most of the family silver years ago. And what's left is rapidly being outsourced and sold off too. And that great shining generator of wealth (for a small few), the financial sector? That will move to Frankfurt, did you ever see a bank with loyalty? (OK, I accept that this could be seen as a plus). In short, if we leave, we get to live through a fire sale at the sunset of a once great economic and political power.
The EU is incompetent, badly run and a drain on resources. Yes. It is. It is beyond incompetent in many cases. But we're stuck with it one way or the other – leaving does not change that. It might be hard to change it but at least it's possible from the inside (now more than ever). What can we do from outside? It's also worth pondering that many of the problems with supposed-EU dictates lie in the local implementation (remember, it was the UK's fault it didn't impose the moratorium in immigration in 2004, as Germany and others did).
What's it ever done for us anyway? Nothing much. Other than working time directives and other ways that protect your rights at work, protect your children. Then there's consumer protection and European peace. Not to mention the wholesale transition of Eastern Europe from volatile authoritarian states into thriving democracies. Maybe you don't care about any of those things. But you should.
February 24, 2016 by minke d'antiminke
Quoted for truth:
'What did the EEC/EU ever do for us? Not much, apart from: providing 57% of our trade; structural funding to areas hit by industrial decline; clean beaches and rivers; cleaner air; lead free petrol; restrictions on landfill dumping; a recycling culture; cheaper mobile charges; cheaper air travel; improved consumer protection and food labelling; a ban on growth hormones and other harmful food additives; better product safety; single market competition bringing quality improvements and better industrial performance; break up of monopolies; Europe-wide patent and copyright protection; no paperwork or customs for exports throughout the single market; price transparency and removal of commission on currency exchanges across the eurozone; freedom to travel, live and work across Europe; funded opportunities for young people to undertake study or work placements abroad; access to European health services; labour protection and enhanced social welfare; smoke-free workplaces; equal pay legislation; holiday entitlement; the right not to work more than a 48-hour week without overtime; strongest wildlife protection in the world; improved animal welfare in food production; EU-funded research and industrial collaboration; EU representation in international forums; bloc EEA negotiation at the WTO; EU diplomatic efforts to uphold the nuclear non-proliferation treaty; European arrest warrant; cross border policing to combat human trafficking, arms and drug smuggling; counter terrorism intelligence; European civil and military co-operation in post-conflict zones in Europe and Africa; support for democracy and human rights across Europe and beyond; investment across Europe contributing to better living standards and educational, social and cultural capital.'
Simon Sweeney, Lecturer in international political economy, University of York
November 8, 2015 by minke d'antiminke
Yeah, yeah, Cameron fucked a pig, the Bullingdon boys burn £50 notes in front of homeless people – but why do these stories matter?
What the British are really laughing about by Lawrence Richards:
'David Cameron's nasty little scandal speaks to a suspicion many people already have: that in British society, you don't get to become Prime Minister because you're talented or because you work hard. You don't even get there just because you're rich. You get there by traumatizing the homeless and skull-fucking a dead pig, and that ritual gives you power because you have demonstrated utter, pathetic submission to your fellow oligarchs.'
August 21, 2015 by minke d'antiminke
Good, powerful piece by @malonebarry on why Al Jazeera won't be using the term "migrant" http://t.co/QV6XQ0BlTk pic.twitter.com/ePbtSAFSSe
— Zara Rahman (@zararah) August 21, 2015
Posted in rant
' Yes vote a statement that 'it's okay to be gay' in Ireland'
You might not care about getting married (I don't) but equal marriage is about a lot more than that. From a piece in the Irish Times:
Saturday's strong Yes vote is a statement that "it's okay to be gay" in modern day Ireland, according to Minister for Agriculture and Fine Gael director of elections Simon Coveney.
Mr Coveney said that while the referendum was ostensibly about extending the rights of civil marriage to gay and lesbian people, it was also a statement about Ireland as a country.
"In many ways, the statement that Ireland is making today is that it's okay to be gay, it's okay to be who you are, it's okay to love who you want to love and your country accepts you for who you are."
Meanwhile, leading marriage equality campaigner and Fine Gael TD Jerry Buttimer has hailed the anticipated Yes victory in the marriage equality referendum as heralding a new era for Irish society.
"It's a great day and no words can describe what it feels like but what it means is the Irish people in their strength of numbers have said we are all equal, we are all cherished under our constitution."
"I respect those who vote the other way yesterday but we are a democracy and today we stand on the threshold of a new republic where liberty and equality are the hallmarks of what we stand for."
a rainbow over Dublin today, after the Republic of Ireland voted yes to gay marriage equality pic.twitter.com/QF31uNUDZB
— ℋ (@HAROLVDRUNK) May 23, 2015
Posted in queer
March 31, 2015 by minke d'antiminke
This domain name is not for sale
Here's a picture of a kitten.
'venom disguised as humour'
From 'Why does Jeremy Clarkson get me so angry?' by @sturdyAlex
'Now, I'm not for a moment suggesting a writer bears responsibility for ways in which any wicked person might misunderstand his words. But I think it is also foolish to deny that people are propelled into action by a thousand spectral hands. If I discovered I had become the busty centrefold inside the door of the hate locker of a mass murderer, I would at the very least search my soul very deeply. Words matter. Words hurt. And the higher your profile, the bigger the responsibility not to pour venom into people's ears. I think Clarkson consistently did that. He poured venom. Dangerously, he poured venom disguised as humour.'
March 6, 2015 by minke d'antiminke
Things I hate today
People who misread comments and spend too much time arguing against points you didn't make. See also: people who have to have the last word.
People who @-mention you in conversations you haven't been involved in. That's just odd.
'Is Tony Abbott the most incompetent leader of any industrialised democracy?'
Great question, and it was reported just about everywhere. Interestingly, the original blog post by Joshua Kurlantzick was called 'Tony Abbott Has To Go', and you should read the whole thing, but first let's just all take a moment in our busy lives to appreciate some quotes from the original piece:
in less than two years as prime minister, Abbott has proven shockingly incompetent … so incapable of clear policy thinking, so unwilling to consult with even his own ministers and advisers, and so poor at communicating that he has to go.
Abbott's policies have been all over the map, and the lack of coherence has often made the prime minister seem ill-informed and incapable of understanding complex policy issues.
… In addition, he appears to have one of the worst senses of public relations of any prime minister in recent Australian history. At major economic summits, he has embarrassed Australia with his coarse rhetoric.
And for bonus points, Mother Jones on Abbott: 'One of the World's Worst Climate Villains Could Soon Be Booted From Office'.


I was definitely surprised how green the city appeared when we first arrived. We are limited to the Northern suburbs (away from the violence of the downtown areas) with green hills across the skyline. No smog. No concrete jungle.
My blog tends to get followed by those interested in travel, or lumped together with travel writers, but what I think differentiates it from traveler blogs it is that its about living in and discovering new places and making them home, which is a lot different that being a tourist or a traveler. We have lived in so many places over the years, and been through the transit of settling. Its tiring in the best of times, which this hasn't been, and this time around I'm just exhausted by it all. We're lived out of suitcases for months, been through the process of unpacking and finding homes for the contents of 176 boxes, hung the art on the walls, and tried to fix the terrible lighting in this house in the name of making life feel our kind of normal. I know the process, the pitfalls and what helps make us slowly fit in and really call somewhere home. For any number of reasons, 2.5 months into our "Jamaican homewarming" I am still struggling to feel the spark. This is mostly not the fault of Jamaica (or Jamaicans) but a cocktail of difficulties that has made our time here to date less than ideal. I've struggled to do things like maintain this blog, or spend time doing things I used to enjoy, and I am in a funk. Friends and family have asked me if everything is alright and encouragingly ask me about life here, but my blog approaches its third month of silence, its time to make a decision on the way forward. There are interesting things and stories here, and there is so much that is better. We have clean air, views of the mountains and somewhere to go walking after work. The streets have traffic, but not the lunacy and filth of Kathmandu streets. Our area of Kingston is so much more attractive than our earlier homes, but I miss the enthusiasm I had for discovering Manila and Kathmandu. Perhaps it is time to see if the passion can rise from the storytelling process and not just the other way around? Will the discipline of writing again help ignite some kind of spark for life in this country? I'll give it a try. Words of encouragement are very welcome.


text:
November 18, 2020|In Lakers, NBA|6 Minutes
Lakers Offseason 2020: Lakers Acquire Dennis Schroder
Photo Credit: ClutchPoints
https://franchisesportsmedia.com
The Los Angeles Lakers' 2020/2021 roster will be different from the one that claimed the 2019/2020 NBA world championship.
Photo Credit: Lakers Daily
On Sunday afternoon, the world champion Los Angeles Lakers reached an agreement with the Oklahoma City Thunder to acquire guard Dennis Schroder for guard Danny Green and the 28th pick in Wednesday's NBA draft. ESPN NBA Insider Adrian Wojnarowski was first with the trade news. Woj also broke down the new NBA League year, which kicks off Monday when trades can be announced. The Lakers and Thunder trade won't be announced until after the 28th pick in the draft, so the Lakers can select the player the Thunder wants to draft.
Los Angeles cannot outright send the draft pick to Oklahoma City because a rule restricts teams from trading first-round picks in consecutive years. Los Angeles sent the No. 4 overall pick in the 2019 draft to the New Orleans Pelicans as part of the Anthony Davis trade. The Thunder already own the 25th pick in Wednesday's draft.
The Lakers will get a quality guard that can play either guard spot. The 27-year-old Schroder is a versatile, impactful guard, capable of making plays for himself and others. He appeared in 65 regular-season games for Oklahoma City last season. He averaged 18.9 points and shot a career-best 46.9% from the field and 38.5% on 3-pointers in 2019-20. The veteran from Germany is headed into his contract's final year and will be paid $15.5 million. Thanks to his solid play off the bench, Schroder was the runner-up for the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award, which was won by Clippers' big man Montrezl Harrell.
The Lakers hope to work out a long-term deal with him to keep him in Los Angeles after the trade is official.
The deal is a strong indicator that the Lakers are adamant about strengthening their roster and not running their title defense back with the same players.
The expectation is that Lakers' vice president of basketball operations Rob Pelinka will continue to look for roster improvements through trades and free agency. This deal is also a possible sign that the Lakers will lose guard Rajon Rondo in free agency. Schroder's addition would soften the blow should that occur, as Schroder could fill a similar role to the one that Rondo filled. The Lakers' interest in Schroder isn't necessarily new, as the team also looked into trading for him before the NBA trade deadline in February.
According to Chris Mannix of Sports Illustrated, the Lakers had also explored a deal for Milwaukee Bucks guard Eric Bledsoe. However, by acquiring Schroder, their interest in Bledsoe would be eliminated.
Danny Green, 33, started in all 68 regular-season games in which he appeared, averaging 8.0 points and 3.3 rebounds while shooting 36.7% from beyond the arc. The three-time champion started in all 21 of the Lakers postseason games, where he again averaged 8.0 points, though his 3-point shooting decreased to 33.9%. He, too, will be a free agent following the 2020-21 season. He fell out of favor with fans after a poor playoff performance, but Green was a vital member of this Laker team who played his role well and helped them throughout the regular and postseason.
The Lakers second unit will have a very different look this season.
The second unit will look much different with Schroder handling the controls. Rondo is a pass-first point guard. Alex Caruso and Kyle Kuzma got the vast majority of their buckets running ahead in transition. Rondo also had wink-wink chemistry with Anthony Davis.
Schroder is much different. He is a score-first point guard who likes to probe the defense for the ideal shot. He will have to learn how to look for AD posting up in transition. Caruso and Kuzma will have to learn how to adjust their timing when cutting to the basket while playing off Schroder. Each point guard is unique in how they see the court.
When Schroder looks to score, the Schroder–AD pick-and-roll has some potential as a secondary offensive fulcrum. Look at Schroder expertly attacking Houston's defense amid cramped spacing.
By trading for Dennis Schroder the Lakers have made it clear to the NBA that they won't just try to "run it back" in defense of their title next season. The entire NBA chasing the defending champions. And Sunday, the Lakers got themselves a head start by acting first.
Dennis Schroder Dennis Schroder Dennis Schroder Dennis Schroder Dennis Schroder Dennis Schroder Dennis Schroder
-Joe Arrigo – Franchise Sports Media
Follow Joe Arrigo on Twitter @JoeArrigo
dInstagram
2020 NBA Finals Adrian wojnarowski Anthony Davis Basketball Chris Mannix Danny Green Dennis Schroder Dion Waiters Dwight Howard ESPN J.R. Smith Jared Dudley Javale McGee Kentavious Caldwell-Pope LeBron James Los Angeles Lakers Markieff Morris NBA NBA Finals Oklahoma City Thunder Rajon Rondo Sports Illustrated Woj
Lakers Offseason 2020: Who's Leaving? Who's Staying?
by Kyle Randolph
FSM Essential Recap: Lakers vs Rockets – 8/7/2020
New Game Preview: Lakers vs Pacers – 8/8/2020


text:
Use of a Mysterious Cookie Irks Some Internet Users
By David KesmodelThe Wall Street Journal Online
July 29, 2005 12:01 am ET
Earlier this summer, Uno Bloom, a songwriter in Brentwood, Tenn., noticed that his home computer appeared to be slowing down. He searched the files on his hard drive in an effort to uncover clutter, and found dozens of Internet cookies labeled "2o7.net."
He started monitoring his cookies -- small tracking files that are automatically downloaded when users visit Web sites -- and realized some of the suspicious files were coming from Ameritrade.com, where he trades stocks. He did an Internet search for "2o7," and learned in a computer forum that cookies bearing the name were maintained by Omniture Inc., a Web analytics firm. Omniture helps its roster of high-profile clients, including Ameritrade Inc., eBay Inc., Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Expedia Inc., study how people use their Web sites.


The Amazing Race 12 was turned on its head in Croatia, as two favorites were sent home and an unlikely powerhouse duo finished in first.
The finish order for this leg of the race was decided largely in airports, as teams tried to book flights to Dubrovnik, Croatia, from Vilnius International Airport.
TK & Rachel and Nick & Don got on the first flight out, but they missed their connecting flight in Prague. There, they caught alternative flights to Croatia, though they'd be delayed several hours.
Back in Vilnius, Azaria was so busy haranguing Hendekea that neither of them noticed that their ticket agent had booked them in business class — violating one of the rules of TAR — until they tried to board the plane with the other three teams.
Azaria & Hendekea ran back to the ticket agent, but they weren't able to switch tickets in time. They wound up on the last flight scheduled to arrive in Dubrovnik.
Meanwhile, Ronald & Christina, Nate & Jen and Kynt & Vyxsin played it safe — and smart — catching a flight that arrived quickly and allowed them plenty of time to make their connection in Warsaw. Ron & Christine managed to stay stay calm after arriving in Croatia, and they finished a rock-stacking Roadblock before the other teams had even found the first clue.
The father-daughter duo was rowing a boat through the harbor as part of the Detour when Nate & Jen made a move to catch up. But their haste only caused friction between the dating couple, prompting Jen to tell Nate as they rowed, "I hate you with a passion."
Both pairs emerged from the sea at nearly the same time, but Nate & Jen's clothes were wet and no taxis would drive them to the location of the Pit Stop. Ronald & Christina and their dry clothes zipped by Nate & Jen in a taxi, leaving Jen crying and ranting along the roadside, blaming everything that had gone wrong that day on Nate.
Ronald & Christina ran up some stairs flanked by costumed soldiers holding muskets on their way to the finish mat. When they reached the top stair, one of the soldiers fired his musket, prompting both team members to shriek and duck. The musket was fired every time a team approached the mat, always with the same results.
Ronald & Christina finished in first place, winning a 12-foot catamaran that's probably already available for purchase on Ebay.
Rather than waiting for their clothes to dry, Nate & Jen asked a friendly driver if he would take them to the nearby Pit Stop, even though he wasn't officially a cabbie. They ignored a rule in the clue that stated that they must reach the Pit Stop by taxi.
They reached the mat in second place, only to be told by host Phil Keoghan that they needed to go back to the clue box and find a cab to bring them back up to the Pit Stop.
When they reached the mat the second time, Nate & Jen learned that Kynt & Vxysin had checked in while they were redoing the task, and that they were now in third place. Instead of hugging, Jen shook Nate's hand in congratulations, which was a pretty clear signal that the two had not made up from their earlier fight.
TK & Rachel arrived in Croatia next, and they finished in fourth place. They were followed by Nick & Don, and Azaria & Hendekea. While the brother and sister were in sight of the Nick & Don during the rowing part of the Detour, they weren't able to close the gap.
Nick & Don finished in fifth place, and Azaria & Hendekea were eliminated. They may not be $1 million richer, but at least the siblings can enjoy those romantic vacations they won together.
The Amazing Race will be off next week due to the Survivor: China finale.
This entry was posted in Reality TV and tagged dancing with the stars, dwts on December 9, 2007 by Kathy.


text:
Tomasz Kazimierz Sapieha (né en 1621, mort le ), magnat de Pologne-Lituanie, membre de la famille Sapieha, grand intendant de Lituanie.

Biographie
Tomasz Kazimierz Sapieha est le fils de Fryderyk Sapieha (1585-1626) et de Ieva Skaszewska.

Il étudie d'abord au collège jésuite de Lublin, puis entre, en 1635, à l'Université Jagellon de Cracovie avant de rendre en Italie avec le frère Jan Fryderyk, pour suivre ses études dans les universités de Bologne et de Padoue, puis de voyager en Allemagne, en France et en Angleterre.

En 1648 Tomasz Kazimierz devient Rittmeister d'un régiment de hussards. Dans la même année, il accompagne , chargé de négocier avec l'hetman cosaque, Bohdan Khmelnytsky. En  il participe à la bataille de Piławce contre les Cosaques. L'année suivante, Tomasz Kazimierz participe au  et est nommé grand intendant de Lituanie.

En 1650, il prend le commendement d'un régiment cosaque, à la tête duquel il participe à la bataille de Berestechko l'année suivante. Il est blessé à deux reprises et trouve la mort près de , le .

Mariage et descendance
Tomasz Kazimierz Sapieha épouse Zofia z Moniwidów Dorohostajskich, fille de . Grâce à ce mariage, il reçoit l'héritage de la famille Dorohostajski. Le mariage demeure sans descendance.

Ascendance

Sources

Tomasz Kazimierz
Naissance en 1621
Décès en mars 1654

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Demeter International (plným názvem Biodynamic Federation Demeter International) je certifikační organizace pro biodynamické zemědělství a patří mezi hlavní ekologické certifikátory. Jméno organizace je odkazem na Déméter, řeckou bohyni obilí a plodnosti.

Je to nezisková organizace se 46 členskými organizacemi ve 36 zemích světa, zastupující jak globální biodynamické hnutí, tak certifikované biodynamické farmy Demeter. Organizace zahrnuje 19 certifikačních organizací Demeter a zbývající certifikace provádí mezinárodní certifikační výbor. Biodynamická certifikace Demeter se používá ve více než 65 zemích k ověření, že biodynamické produkty splňují mezinárodní standardy ve výrobě a zpracování.

Symbol Demeter byl zaveden a zaregistrován jako ochranná známka v roce 1928 a jako takový byl prvním ekologickým označením pro ekologicky vyrobené potraviny.

Certifikace Demeter
Certifikát Demeter je mezinárodním označením pro produkty, které splňují přísné podmínky. Stojí na principech ekologie, etického přístupu a udržitelného rozvoje. Certifikace Demeter vzniklá v roce 1928 hlídá nejen jednotlivé parametry, ale posuzuje produkci v širším kontextu, od zasazení semínka až ke konečnému balení hotového produktu. Označení lze najít nejčastěji na potravinách, kosmetických produktech a oděvech, které splňují přísné biodynamické standardy pro trvale udržitelný rozvoj. Certifikace Demeter je mezinárodní ochrannou značkou zboží, které neobsahuje zdraví a přírodu ohrožující složky a i při jeho výrobě byly dodrženy zásady ochrany životního prostředí. Produkty označené logem Demeter je možné najít po celém světě, nejrozšířenější jsou v Německu a v Rakousku.

Historie
Rakouský pedagog, filosof a esoterik Rudolf Steiner v roce 1924 popsal biodynamické zemědělství, jehož principy v nadcházejících letech testovala v praxi řada zemědělců a farmářů. V roce 1931 existovalo už 1 000 biodynamických farem. Nové postupy se šířily do dalších zemí. V roce 1939 vznikla biodynamická asociace až na Novém Zélandu. Ve spolupráci s výzkumnými odděleními německých univerzit a celosvětovými organizacemi se započal odborný výzkum, to bylo v roce 1952. V roce 1999 zdobilo logo Demeter přes 3 500 produktů a Demeter se stává největším zástupcem organických produktů celosvětově. V roce 2017 splňuje limity Demeter více než 5 000 farem v 54 zemích.

Pravidla pro získání certifikace Demeter
Tuto značku mohou nést pouze produkty, jež kromě dodržení požadavků a směrnic pro ekologické zemědělství dané země, splňují i přísný Demeter standard. Podmínky jsou následující:

Kosmetika a potraviny:
 Ve složení produktu je min. 90 % surovin z certifikovaného ekologického zemědělství.
 Výrobek nebyl testován na zvířatech.
 Výrobek neobsahuje geneticky modifikované složky, minerální oleje a látky na bázi ropy, EDTA, benzen, propylenglykol, jakékoli karcinogenní, mutagenní a jiné zdraví neprospěšné látky a veškeré látky zakázané národní legislativou a legislativou EU.
 Výrobek neobsahuje žádné syntetické barvy, vůně a zvýrazňovače chuti.
 Při výrobě jsou využívány nízkoenergetické technologie, nepoužívá se dřevo vypěstované na jiném kontinentě a výrobek je balen s ohledem na životní prostředí.

Živočišná a rostlinná produkce:
 Chovaná zvířata mají volnost pohybu a nejsou trvale uvázána, mají venkovní výběh a přístup k čerstvé vodě. Klecové chovy jsou zakázány.
 Zvířata jsou krmena potravou vypěstovanou podle zásad biodynamického nebo ekologického zemědělství.
 Rozmnožování zvířat probíhá přirozeně.
 Pří léčbě zvířat se využívají přirozené postupy. Hormony, antibiotika a další podobné přípravky nejsou přípustné.
 Při pěstování plodin se nepoužívají syntetická hnojiva a postřiky.
 Rostliny jsou pěstovány tak, aby byl podpořen jejich přirozený růst. Nerostou v monokulturách.

Reference

Externí odkazy

Ekologické zemědělství
Organizace v Německu
Obchodní značky
Firmy založené roku 1928


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How My first cruise spoiled me!
My Cruise Spoiled Me Rotten!
Oh yeah, I am now spoiled rotten. Have you been to Bermuda, St. Thomas, St. Martin, Nassau, Bahamas, Freeport, Bahamas, The Cayman Islands, Jamaica and Labadee, Haiti? I have been, and to some of the locations (The Cayman Islands, Jamaica and Labadee, Haiti) twice now!
So I was blessed and now I am spoiled…at least that's how I felt on my first cruise and when it ended, I experienced a quick crash back into reality. And let me just say that Reality Bites! After my very first cruise, I knew I needed to sail again – and very soon! The experience was like no other vacation I'd ever been on and I'd never felt so 'spoiled' on a vacation and I admit it, I love it and can't wait to book my next one.
1. Amazing Views- From any point on the ship! You can watch the sun rise or sun set and it's glorious! St. Thomas is like a postcard, picture taking spots all over the place.
2. No Cleaning, Cooking or Endless Chores- Oh yeah, one of my favs! I can wake up whenever I like, and NOT make my bed or clean my room. I come back from a day of relaxation and my room has been freshened up and even some special surprises await me. If I want laundry done they will take care of it for me. My waiter or waitress remembers my water or tea with dinner.
3. Something for Everyone-Always something to do, 24/7! There's something for the kids to do, the adults to do, different fun activities, contests, shows, classes. There's no limit to what can be done on your ship!
4. Food- Did I mention that I don't have to cook! I can try new meals, additional meals or something special! There's food 24/7 and I don't have to clean up after my family or myself! I can eat and then head out for a fun day with no worries.
5. Bring the Destinations to You- What better way can you see so many new destinations at one fabulous price? They bring the exotic locations to you! I have seen more places just by walking off my ship, and I don't have to keep packing and un-packing. I do this once, then relax. Plus, it helps me see which destinations I may want to see and even explore on my own one day. As I said above, I've been to Bermuda, The Bahamas (Freeport and Nassau), The Caymans, Jamaica and Labadee Haiti. In a few months I will be headed to Key West and Cozumel. What's not to love about all these new destinations to discover?
6. Sunshine – The wonderful sun! In all my days of cruising to wonderful ports, I can count on one hand how much it's rained. Sunshine (for me) is a huge instant mood booster! It sure beats working inside at my desk all day. I say a rainy day at sea, beats any day in the office or at work! That's why the wonderful sunshine feels so good on vacation!
So, exactly how does cruising spoil you? What's your favorite way to be spoiled on a cruise ship? We'd love to get your thoughts!


text:
MartialTalk.Com - Friendly Martial Arts Forum Community
Forums > Japanese Martial Arts Talk > Japanese Martial Arts - General >
About the ceremony of rank changes in different martial art styles
Discussion in 'Japanese Martial Arts - General' started by Nightmare, Mar 5, 2011.
Nightmare White Belt
Hi, Greetings.
I have a question about the ceremony of rank changes in different martial art styles, mostly I'm interested on knowing what the Sensei tell the student that is promoted at the time when the Sensei tie the belt over the student waist, for example my Jujutsu Sensei says this sentence in spanish:
"Let this change of rank helps you to improve your personality"
Something like that, maybe the translation isn't that perfect, but I wanna know if this sentence is also used on other styles or arts, has anybody heard it?
And what other kind of sentence you know, or maybe the full ceremony if possible.
Please comment, thanks.
Chris Parker Grandmaster
MartialTalk Mentor
I'd say that that phrase is particular to your instructor, perhaps it was used by theirs, but apart from that, I wouldn't expect to hear of anyone else using it. Really, there is no specific "ceremony" used by all martial arts or systems, and even in the systems that do use them, it varies from rank to rank. For example, Hyoho Niten Ichi Ryu has a very particular ceremony for transmitting the Sokeship, and is detailed on this page: http://www.hyoho.com/inuag.html
Other Ryu will have ceremonies for entrance into the Ryu (Kirigami, or Keppan, depending on the Ryu). Then there may or may not be a ceremony involved at new ranks, typically there may be a private ceremony involving the presentation of a new licence/certificate, or scroll of kata/history/teachings.
For us, the Kyu grades are done publicly in a regular class, with the successful students typically called up at the end of class. Reasons for success are highlighted (This student has worked very hard on this aspect, I'm very pleased with such progress... etc), and the grade is awarded. As you hit the Dan ranks, it actually becomes less formal, with my instructor being awarded his fourth dan over the phone, and my third being given with my Chief Instructor in the front seat of a car and myself in the back. Very formal....
Ken Morgan Senior Master
"You passed? Oh Ok, here's a beer". That's really about it. No pomp or ceremony at all.
So that phrase isn't used on other styles or martial arts, I thought maybe my Sensei took it from somewhere else, but I guess it may be his own invention after all.
About that promotions of Kyu grades are more formal than Dan grades, despite the importance and sacrifice to get to Dan levels, I guess that responds to the importance that an instructor gives to the lower levels to give them motivation to continue training to get next level, so a nice ceremony is good motivational for them.
Also it would be nice to receive some mementos in the ceremony, like a Bokken with the name of the person engraved or something like that, I think I read about it somewhere, also a photo of the student with a nice photo-frame and all, will be nice, so the student is more motivated to keep training.
But words are more inspirational I guess, some people cry after getting the rank, It's a important moment for them, so Sensei must give the importance and tell a few inspirational words while giving the certificate or belt and told to work even harder in order to live up to the new rank.
Bill Mattocks Sr. Grandmaster
Martial Talk Alumni
Ours is somewhat formal. Following class, we line up kneeling, with kyu ranks on one side and dan ranks on the other. Sensei calls out the person or persons to be promoted and then rise, step back from their rank line, walk to the end of the line, bow to Sensei and the dan ranks, then kneel in front of Sensei (who also kneeling). Then Sensei says some nice things about the person(s) being promoted and tells them to remove their belt. Then Sensei places the new belt in front of the student(s) on the floor and tells them to pick it up and put it on. Then everyone does a za-rei, a formal bow from the kneeling position. Then the student(s) stand, bow, walk backwards to the spot they entered from (they do not turn their backs on the dan ranks or Sensei), bow again where they bowed in, then return to their spot in their kyu or dan rank line, and resume a kneeling position. Sensei says a few more words, we all do a za-rei to the shomen, a za-rei to Sensei and the dan ranks, and then we stand up, shake hands, offer congratulations. That's about it.
jks9199 Administrator Staff Member
LifeTime Supporting Member
Northern VA
We don't have a lot of formality in promotions. I've done formal tests and promotions for underbelts, and I've told 'em that they're not in proper uniform, and handed them the new belt. And probably everything in-between.
Black belt testing is an annual event. There are two black belt promotion ceremonies. Since the association is only holding initiation ceremonies every 3 years -- each school does their own black belt promotion, as well, after the instructor is given word on whether the candidate passed. For our school, we've been doing this at an end-of-summer dinner/get together.
Supra Vijai Black Belt
Nightmare said: ↑
Sorry coming into this thread a little late... I recently just graded for and attained my 4th kyu (first level brown belt for us). Everyone in the class that night was grading for their respective rank and there were 3 of us going for 4th Kyu. Sensei called out the names of the beginners (10th Kyu/Mu Kyu) first and congratulated them, then the 2 green belts in order of their rank and that all went very smoothly. When he got to us, he paused for a moment and said "hmmm this is a tough one..." before proceeding to tell each of us what we were lacking in and what we need to work on. I honestly expected to get told to practice more and try again in 3 months and was just coming to terms with that when he pointed to each of us and said "4th, 4th, 4th.. congratulations". Massive adrenaline dump! Hands were shaking, mind was racing and yet it was one of the best feelings in the world. I personally find that sort of experience a lot more rewarding than a physical memento of the event. Amongst students we'd get each other little congratulatory presents or whatever and have a little celebration dinner but the only real thing we want from the instructor is the advice and motivation he gives us verbally
Oh and we got told from this point forward, it's going to be as much a mental challenge/journey as it is a physical one and we understood it as being a defining characteristic of being a "good" senior practitioner so really looking forward to it!
Rayban Green Belt
There's nothing quite like being rendered speechless is there.
Even with my casual approach to the gradings (i.e. not really seeking them out but just trying to give my all each class) I got that same dump.
It's like being told to see the principal to be told you're a good student
CTope White Belt
Westerville,OH
Your sensei usually ties your belt for you. My sensei teaches the forever knot to his new BBs.
CTope said: ↑
Well..... yours might. I've never felt the need to dress my students... they're all adults, after all...
And that's the thing... this is all very much particular to the school/dojo/gym/style/instructor... there is no one thing that's done everywhere... so no, "your sensei" does not "usually tie your belt for you"... except in schools where they do.
drop bear Sr. Grandmaster
Capoeira was the most interesting for me. You get your rope thing and then spar the instructor who drops you on your bum in front of everyone.
Probably some sort of lesson in that.
Tez3 Sr. Grandmaster
Chris Parker said: ↑
We don't tie the children's belts either, these days one has to be very careful so we present the belts, show the parents how to tie them and let them put them on the children.
JR 137 Grandmaster
In the dojo
For kyu ranks (I haven't earned dan rank in my current system)...
We test during our regular class time; there's no special time set aside unlike me my previous organization where the dojo was closed for promotion testing. So in a regular class setting, we are kneeling in seiza as we do at the end of every class. The CI says a few things about the student.
The CI asks the black belts to come up to the front of the dojo. The CI asks the student to take off his/her belt. The student, still in seiza, turns their back to the shinzen, takes off the belt, holds in the left hand and turns around, still in seiza. The student is called to the front (walks behind the line of students), the CI ties on the new belt, bows, and shakes hands with the CI. A congratulations or similar is said during the hand shake. The student bows and shakes hands with each black belt individually, then returns to his/her spot in line.
Nothing mystical nor standardized is said.
When I earned my shodan in my previous organization, it was basically the same thing at the end of the closed door test. The only ones in attendance were the CI and black belts who were helping run the test.
JP3 Master Black Belt
Here is my "Oh So Formal" rank/belt presentation to four of my students in August, 2013. The two ladies (sisters) achieved Shodan on the same day, along with my two guys going from Shodan to Nidan. Nick Lowry from Windsong Dojo in OKC visited us to observe the rank demos (and to back stage comment on what he saw for my own benefit in instructing them later over a gentleman's dinner of meat and mead().
You will probably note a very intentional lack of pomp & formality. There is the cracking of jokes, and an air of relief and celebration.
The one thing that I picked up from Ray, my first adult aikido teacher, was at a demo (as long as it was passing satisfactory) was to say something along the lines of, "Thank you, and well done. (and if it was) That was very well done, and I thank you for demonstrating it for us. As you no doubt know, ti was not perfect, but then as far as I know the Perfect Demonstration has yet to be performed. I am well pleased with your progress."
And that is just about as formal as we get about it.
Buka Sr. Grandmaster
I've had different formalities over the years, dependant on the times, the school and the people. I've attended the promotions of students in other dojos/styles, sometimes sat in on a testing board, it's always been enjoyable for me.
I believe the more difficult qualifications for promotions are, the more they mean to both the student, and, more importantly, to the Martial Arts in general.
Danny T Senior Master
New Iberia, Louisiana USA
"Promotion to ---------- Belt/Sash/Prajioud [Person's Name]. Congratulations, Proud of your work, your effort, and attitude. Keep going and Never Give Up."
Something along those lines. The rank/belt isn't very important...to us. It's your attitude, the amount of effort, and time you put in that we celebrate.
CB Jones Senior Master
Black belts line up.....Sensei calls student name....Sensei hands student their belt folded up....shakes their hand and tells them congratulations and then you bow to each other.
Student then goes down the line shaking each black belts hand and being congratulated.
Student takes old belt off...drapes it over his neck and shoulders and ties his new belt on.
Headhunter Senior Master
Those grading kneel down with their head on the floor while the instructors decide. If you pass they out the belt in front of you. When you look up they give the general praise. You then take your old belt off and fold it and make the letter L shape with the 2 belts. Which stands for longevity In the art, love for your school and for your family and lie so if someone feels they don't deserve it they can put on their old belt again. The L represents the past, present and future. The old belt represents what you learnt before, new belt where you are now and the future is left open. You then put your head on the new belt symbolising how we use heads before our hands then put the new belt on
So has anyone actually done the belt whipping thing. I never have.
Jun 14, 2017 #20
Langenschwert Master Black Belt
When I promote someone, we do it at the end of class when everyone is lined up ready to go. Then I'll say something like, "you're out of uniform" to the person getting promoted and they come up, get the badge, shake hands with me and my coinstructor, and that's it. Oh, and then it's beer.
My judo club is pretty chill too. Usually at the end of class before bowing out. Get called up, bow etc.123
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text:
Florida Python Hunters Turn Up Empty-handed
(Photo : Flickr: Yathin)
Florida state wildlife officials and specialists spent this week searching for northern African rock pythons just outside of the Everglades in a continued effort to keep the species from invading the vulnerable tropical wetlands. They called it quits on Thursday, reporting zero finds, and while that may sound bad, it's actually really good news.
Since their discovery in 2001 in Miami-Dade County, 29 of these large invasive constrictors have been hunted down and captured during monthly surveys. The snake hunts are all part of an effort launched by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) to keep the python from reaching its other invasive cousins, the infamous Burmese python, which has been wreaking havoc in the Everglades for far too long.
"Unlike the Burmese python in Florida, the Northern African python population is thought to be confined to a small area in a single county," FWC biologist Jenny Ketterlin Eckles explained in a statement. "Focused efforts by the FWC and partners to locate and remove these invasive snakes could prevent the spread of this species into natural areas and inform management actions to address the Burmese python population."
And Eckles remains hopeful. Turning up empty-handed after a week-long hunt for the snakes along the rugged Tamiami Trail is actually a very good thing. According to the FWC, their staff and the specialists it commissions have had years to hone their snake-hunting skills in search for the massive (up to 20 feet long), but often well-concealed predators. If they can't find them, it's very likely that few are left.
"We think they're confined to a small area," Eckles reiterated in an interview with the Sun Sentinel. "We are increasing our efforts in hopes that we can eradicate them."
She added that no one exactly knows how the snakes got there in the first place, but like with the Burmese, all it takes is a pair of escapees from a careless pet owner's home to birth a powerful invading force.
And in the case of the Burmese python army, conservationists and wildlife officials were made aware of it far too late. Last year alone 141 Burmese were removed from the 1.5 million-acre Everglades National Park, and ecologists say it's very likely that that barely dented the snakes' population. There, it's even harder to find pythons than it is in Florida suburbs and the Tamiami Trail, even while the snakes are surrounded by prey with hardly any predators strong enough to threaten them. In these conditions, they can breed like crazy and disrupt a delicate ecosystem in the process. (Scroll to read on...)
(Photo : Wiki CC0 - Ltshears) Burmese Python (Python molurus)
That's one of the leading reasons that the FWC can't afford to let the northern African rock python reach the wetlands as well. It's one thing to fight a costly war of attrition against one snake army, but two? That would be a catastrophe.
Still, with this last hunt ending in zero discoveries, victory may be close at hand. Eckles added that while she doesn't believe the fight against the African python is done yet, the FWC will likely be able to declare their work a success if the snake doesn't resurface over the next few years.
"It's a big deal to have a success story and say we did it," Brian Smith, a University of Florida researcher, told the Miami Herald.
The problem, he went on to say, is that resolving the African python problem will do nothing to help solve the Burmese conundrum. The difference in hunting methods and situation, he explained, is too great.
Frank Mazzotti, a colleague of Smith's and a wildlife ecologist, added that currently biologists only have only a one percent detection rate for Burmese in the Everglades. That rate, he suggests, needs to be at least 50 times greater to make an impact.
"We're not going to win this war until we develop the atom bomb," Mazzotti told the Herald.
The trouble is, despite a tentative victory on a nearby front, that hypothetical war-winning bomb remains a pipe dream.
For more great nature science stories and general news, please visit our sister site, Headlines and Global News (HNGN).
TagsPython, Invasive species, Florida, Burmese python, African rock python, population control, hunt, Everglades
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text:
El Bosque Rojo (en ucraniano: Рудий ліс, Rudi lis; en ruso: Рыжий лес, Ryzhi les) se refiere a los árboles ubicados en unos 10 km² en los alrededores de la central nuclear de Chernóbil. El nombre 'Bosque Rojo' viene del color rojizo y amarillento de los pinos que murieron tras absorber una intensa dosis de radiación del accidente de Chernóbil el 26 de abril de 1986. Durante las operaciones de limpieza después del desastre, el Bosque Rojo se derribó y se enterró en un 'cementerio de derroche'. El lugar que ocupaba el Bosque Rojo es todavía una de las áreas más contaminadas del mundo.

Accidente y limpieza

El Bosque Rojo está ubicado en la zona de alienación; esta área sufrió la dosis más alta de radiación del accidente de Chernóbil y las nubes de humo y polvo que resultaron fueron muy contaminados con la radiación. Los árboles murieron por la radiación. La explosión y fuego en el reactor 4 contaminaron la tierra, el agua y la atmósfera con radiación equivalente a veinte veces la de los bombardeos atómicos de Hiroshima y Nagasaki.

Durante las labores de limpieza después del desastre, la mayoría de los pinos se derribó y se enterraron en zanjas por los "liquidadores". Después se cubrieron las zanjas con una alfombra gruesa de arena y se plantaron pinos jóvenes. Mucha gente tiene miedo que durante la descomposición de los árboles, la radiación se filtre en el agua subterránea. La gente ha evacuado la zona contaminada cerca del Bosque Rojo, debido a los altos niveles de radiación.

Refugio para fauna y flora

Mientras se evacuaron a las personas del área en 1986, los animales se instalaron a pesar de la radiación. La flora y fauna del Bosque Rojo han sido muy afectadas por la contaminación radioactiva que siguió el accidente. Parece que la biodiversidad del Bosque Rojo ha aumentado en los años después del desastre. Existen informes de unas plantas raquíticas en el área.

En el sitio del Bosque Rojo queda una de las áreas más contaminadas del mundo. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que es un hábitat muy fértil para muchas especies en peligro de extinción. La evacuación de la zona cercana al reactor nuclear ha creado una reserva natural rica y única. En el documental por BBC Horizon en 1996, "Inside Chernobyl's Sarcophagus" (en inglés "Dentro del sarcófago de Chernobil"), se puede ver aves que vuelan tras los grandes agujeros en la estructura del reactor nuclear. No se sabe completamente el impacto a largo plazo de la lluvia radiactiva en la fauna y flora de la región, dado que plantas y animales tienen tolerancias radiológicas muy distintas. Se han visto aves con atrofia en las plumas de la cola (que afecta a la reproducción). Se han observado en la región cigüeñas, lobos, castores y águilas.

Hoy en día
Hoy en día, los niveles de radiación del Bosque Rojo pueden ser tan altos como un roentgen por hora, pero niveles de 10 miliroentgen por hora son más comunes. Más del 90% de la radioactividad de este está concentrada en el suelo.

Científicos están planeando usar las proximidades, la radioactiva y abandonada ciudad de Prípiat y sus alrededores como laboratorio para modelar la dispersión de radionucleidos por la detonación de una bomba sucia o un ataque con armas químicas o biológicas. El área ofrece una incomparable oportunidad de entender completamente el paso de los desechos radioactivos a través de un área urbana o rural.

La naturaleza del área parece no solo haber sobrevivido, sino que floreció debido a la significativa reducción del impacto humano. La zona se ha convertido en una "reserva radiologica", un clásico ejemplo de un parque involuntario. En el bosque rojo se han detectado casos de albinismo en golondrinas. En la actualidad, existe preocupación por la contaminación del suelo con estroncio-90 y Cesio-137, que tienen vidas medias de 30 años. Los niveles más altos de Cesio-137 se encuentran en la superficies superiores de las capas del suelo, donde las plantas absorben sus nutrientes y donde están los insectos. Algunos científicos temen que la radiactividad afectará estas tierras por muchas generaciones.

Véase también
 Accidentes nucleares civiles

Referencias

Accidente de Chernóbil
Árboles y arbustos
Geografía de Ucrania
Bosques de Ucrania


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text:
Arrow Premieres Friday on M-net
Hans Haupt
I was, and I still am, a big fan of Smallville. I tuned into and enjoyed every single one of the shows 218 aired episodes, from its stellar premiere on M-net all the way back in August 2002 to the digitally downloaded two hour series finale in 2011. Smallville will forever have a place atop my mantelpiece of favourite Superhero television series, despite its flaws in Superman mythology and campy qualities.
Since Smallville ended there has been a sizeable gap in good and entertaining comic book related live-action superhero themed television series, with Sci-Fi's Alphas (think CSI meets Heroes) being a notable exception. Thankfully, it would appear as if the CW has come to the rescue with the much talked about Green Arrow spin-off (thank you Smallville).
Arrow has been developed and written by Greg Berlanti (Dawson's Creek, Everwood), Marc Guggenheim (Jack & Bobby, Eli Stone) and Andrew Kreisberg (The Simpsons, The Vampire Diaries, Warehouse 13), and is based on the fictional character Green Arrow, a superhero created by Mort Weisinger and George Papp from the DC Comics universe who specialises in archery and combats crime in Star City. His secret identity is that of Oliver Queen, a billionaire playboy.
Truth be told, I did not have high hopes for this new series based on a re-imagining of Green Arrow… not until I watched the season premiere.
Smallville may be the reason that a spin-off show like Arrow exists, but the new show is not connected to the Smallville universe in any way. Instead, Arrow offers a new and somewhat darker take on Oliver Queen and his alter ego. In fact, the influence that Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins has had on the formation of Arrow is uncanny. The new show, for example, focusses on the life of a young and rebellious billionaire who returns home after a long five year absence on a deserted island, whereby he physically and mentally sought out and prepared a way to punish and enforce retribution on the wealthy few who have profited on the misery of others. The new show may not be about Batman, but it will offer us the closest interpretation of a "Young Bruce Wayne" show that we may ever get to watch, similar to what Smallville did with Clark Kent.
Arrow has the makings of a great action series with a devilishly handsome protagonist who is not afraid to take the life of another person, a complicated love triangle, fantastic special effects (particularly for a television series) and an interesting background story. However, like most shows from the CW, it can be overtly campy with some awful dialogue, subpar acting and a vast helping of over done clichés, like a drug addled 'emo' teen and a sinister parental figure with ulterior motives. Despite these initial flaws, which can be overlooked, Arrow has the makings of a fantastic new superhero action drama. DC Comics fans who tune in to watch the premiere will be rewarded with a bevy of easter eggs contained within the pilot episode (like a cameo of Deathstroke's mask on the island), a clear indication that Arrow has been made with love and has not been created merely to fill a void, à la the disappointment that was The Cape.
[yframe url='http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYiu2vSy73U']
Despite the presence of several flaws in the pilot episode of Arrow, the CW has built a sturdy framework for a strong, fun-filled and interesting new superhero action drama that is 'worth watching'.
Arrow stars, among others, Stephen Amell (Rent-a-Goalie, Heartland and Hung) and Katie Cassidy (Gossip Girl, Harper's Island).
Arrow premieres this Friday 18th October 2012 at 20:30 on M-net (DSTV Channel 101) – Twitter hashtag: Arrow_SA.
[Sources: DSTV, Wikipedia, YouTube]
About Hans Haupt
Owner, founder, editor and contributor at Vamers, Hans has a vested interest in geek culture and the interactive entertainment industry. With a Masters degree in Communications and Ludology, he is well read and versed in matters relating to video games and communication media, among many other topics of interest.
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Mary Anne grew up in New Jersey spending her summers at the shore before attending Florida State University and finding her way to Central Florida. She started her career in this industry in sales but quickly realized that her passion was in making entertaining video as opposed to selling it. Prior to joining IDEAS Mary Anne worked on a variety of projects for Fortune 500 companies, theme parks, and broadcast television including a Super Bowl special for ESPN. Mary Anne has been part of the creative team at IDEAS since its inception serving as producer, post supervisor and creative consultant and is lead dog to many of our most memorable projects including Adventure to Fitness, Give an Hour, media for Disney Cruise Line cruise ships, National Museum of Crime & Punishment, Libby's Legacy, and Siemens VIP Center. Mary Anne also acts as lead dog fostering rescued pooches for a local agency and finds great joy in watching them rehabilitate and go to great homes. Mary Anne's other joy include navigating downtown Orlando's streets on her scooter and her daily Starbucks venti iced green tea.


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Air strike kills dozens in Syria's Latakia
Decision seen as President Assad's effort to reassert authority in heartland of his minority Alawite sect.
Published On 11 Aug 201311 Aug 2013
Dozens of people have been killed in a military air strike in the northwestern Syrian province of Latakia.
It is believed to be part of President Bashar al Assad's attempt to reassert authority in the traditional heartland of his minority Alawite sect.
Al Jazeera's Omar al Saleh explains.


In the year 2027, the video game Phantasy Star Online 2 is all the rage at Seiga Academy. Every student is on board the fad—except for Itsuki Tachibana, a well-rounded student who doesn't play video games. Due to its popularity, the game is currently under review at Seiga Academy to see if it has a negative impact on the students. Consequently, this...Read More causes Itsuki to catch the attention of Rina Izumi, the perfectionist student council president who aims to prove that the game is not to blame.


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Active filter: Series: The Lord Jesus Christ (x) , Date: 2018 (x)
Preacher: Rev M Stratton (2), Rev P Robinson (2), Mr N Stonelake (2), Mr A Dykes (1), Mr. Rob Childs (1), Mr M Tyler (1), Mr D Wilmott (1), Mr J Richmond (1), Mr. Paul Wanklin (1), Mr C Smith (1). … (4 more)
Book: Genesis (1), Exodus (1), Psalm (1), Matthew (1), Mark (1), Luke (1), John (3), 1 Corinthians (1), 2 Timothy (1), 1 Peter (2). … (1 more)
Service: Sunday Morning (8), Sunday Evening (5).
Date: February (1), March (2), April (2), July (1), August (1), September (2), October (1), November (1), December (2)
Luke 4:18-36 (Part of the The Lord Jesus Christ series).
Preached by Mr N Stonelake on Sunday, March 11, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
The true Shepherd
John 10:1-15 (Part of the The Lord Jesus Christ series).
Preached by Mr. Paul Wanklin on Sunday, March 4, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Five witnesses to Jesus
John 5:22-47 (Part of the The Lord Jesus Christ series).
Preached by Mr C Smith on Sunday, February 11, 2018 (Sunday Morning).


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'use strict';
module.exports = date => {
	const offset = (date || new Date()).getTimezoneOffset();
	const absOffset = Math.abs(offset);
	const hours = Math.floor(absOffset / 60);
	const minutes = absOffset % 60;
	const minutesOut = minutes > 0 ? ':' + ('0' + minutes).slice(-2) : '';

	return (offset < 0 ? '+' : '-') + hours + minutesOut;
};


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Q: Spring integration DSL CPU usage We use Spring integration DSL pretty heavily in our app and am currently troubleshooting high CPU usage. Looking into the threads that are consuming high CPU, noticed that spring integration call stack is too deep, more than 500+ lines.  Our spring integration flows are long and complex and speak for the deep stack,  but am trying to see if that can be a potential cause for the high CPU usage. Any thoughts on how spring integration DSL can impact CPU will help.
Thanks
Zafer

A: The deep stack is unlikely to be the problem; I suggest you profile your application with YourKit or similar, to see where the time is being spent.

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