text:
Up an African River with a Camera
Up an African River with a Camera is an article written by Arthur Conan Doyle first published in The British Journal of Photography on 28 july 1882.
Up an African River with the Camera
"Bang!" goes the signal gun, and the anchor drops with a dull slush into the slow-flowing stream, sending a fountain of thick, peasoup-coloured water and yellow spray into the air. The ship swings round at her moorings, and we find ourselves opposite the straggling settlement of Old Calabar.
It is not an imposing place to look at, though to the African mind, for many a hundred miles up and down the coast, it represents the commercial capital and the centre of all that is gay and dissipated.
Looking at it from the deck of the good ship "Syria," we see a muddy beach covered with canoes, one or two white factories facing the water, a background of miserable huts, and two larger zinc-roofed buildings which surmount the whole, one being the king's palace and the other the church — not by any means the place that one would go to in search of pleasure; but it is the outlet for the oil of a large area of palm-covered country, and the only port of importance between Bonny and Gaboon, so that to a commercial steamer like our own there are inducements to crawl up that sixty miles of shallow, dangerous river, with the branches snapping against the yards of the ship and the lead going without intermission on both sides of the vessel. We can already see the great casks of oil lying littered about beside the crumbling wharfs, which show us that our journey has not been made in vain.
I am busily engaged bringing my wide-angle lens to bear upon the scene, and trying to tone down the glare by a temporary awning, when the Captain comes along cheerily rubbing his hands.
"Seventy forty-inch puncheons if there's one, Doctor!" said he; "hut it's one of their confounded saint's days or Eboe days, or whatever they call them, and they won't do a stroke of work till tomorrow. What shall we do this evening?"
"Well," I said, "I think the best thing I can do is to get a negative or two ashore."
"Bother that camera of yours!" says the skipper, shaking his fist at my trusty old folding bellows-body, half-plate, by Meagher.
"Can't you be sociable just for once in a way?"
"Well, what do you propose?"
"Anything that is lively. Here's Haines, the purser. We'll get his opinion. Here, Haines!"
"Well?" said Haines, with a grin of anticipation upon his rubicund countenance.
"Here's the Doctor wants to spend his evening with his head in a bag, glaring through a little round hole. What are we to do with him?"
"Take him a cruise up the river."
"Chacun a son gout," I remark, with an attempt at dignity.
"Everybody has the gout," the Captain translated with flippancy.
"Look here; we'll have a compromise. We'll start up the river when it gets cooler, and the Doctor shall have the bows of the boat for himself and camera. You and I will take our guns, Haines, and see if we can't get a shot. What do you say?"
"Capital!" said Haines, and as I echoed the sentiment the motion was declared to be carried.
The sun was beginning to sink in the heavens, and the sultry heat of the day exchanged for a languid, pleasant temperature, before the gig was launched and manned by her swarthy crew. Camera, double backs, a "wide-angle" and "rapid rectilinear," rifles, shot guns, and provisions were handled promiscuously in, and next moment we found ourselves shooting up the sluggish river with the dark hull of the "Syria" looming up behind us.
Give me a morning in Switzerland, a day in Scotland, an evening in Africa, and a night on the shores of the Mediterranean or in a hill station in India. There is a sensuous langour in the balmy air which resembles the after sensation of a Turkish bath more than anything else which I can compare it to. You lie across the thwarts of the boat watching the blue reek of your pipe curling upwards, and lulled by the measured stroke of the oars. I was in this enviable position, and just summoning up energy enough to quote the "Lotus eaters" —
"Our home
Lies far beyond the deep; we will no longer roam" —
when I hear a duet from Haines and the Captain. "Now, Doctor! There's your chance! Look sharp!" I sprang to my feet and saw my chance" bearing down upon me in the shape of the King of Duketown's great war canoe. It came sweeping along with its seventy canoe men, a group of warriors in the stern, a fetish man waving a brush in front clearing the evil spirits out of the way, and his gracious majesty in a kind of pagoda in the centre, with a white top hat, pea jacket, and all the other insignia of royalty. I clutch desperately at drop shutter and lens, while "happy and glorious" takes off his hat in answer to a half-derisive cheer from my two companions. I make a last gallant attempt to secure him, but miss him by a hair's breadth as the great canoe goes swishing round a curve under the combined influence of paddles and current.
This is a disappointment, and I "gird up my loins" with a mental vow not to be caught napping again. It is gall and wormwood to me to think that the chief mate aboard the "Syria" will have the war canoe safe and snug in his plate-carrier before my return, while I have missed it. The chief mate (I may mention in parenthesis) is another harmless insect — Scarabceus cameriferus — and there is a keen rivalry between us. This rivalry is increased by the fact that we are working on different systems. I develop as I go in an extemporised dark room, while he, following the lead of Colonel Stuart Wortley and other travellers in the tropics, reserves his negatives until his return. I have already, I think, mentioned my belief that the latent image always fades to a certain extent, and that a very different result is brought about when plates are developed shortly after exposure to what obtains when they are reserved for some months. That, however, is a matter which can only be settled by a consensus of individual experiences. Chafing over my failures I get the camera ready, while my two companions clear for action and stand to their guns; for we are paddling along the edge of the forest, and there is every prospect of game.
None of us are disappointed. I lead of by a characteristic "bit," which would serve as an epitome of the whole western coast — a dark lane of water, with the gloomy mangrove trees meeting overhead, and the slow, turbid current eddying about their roots, while every vile creature born of vegetable putrescence crawls upon the slimy bank. Dante might have made another circle in hell to rival the frozen stream and the burning marl, had he ever realised the horrors of an African swamp. I am mildly chaffing my companions on having drawn first blood, when their artillery opens with a roar, and a couple of gorgeous kingfishers, light blue and green, come fluttering down into the river. We pass a native woman drifting down in her canoe, with a basket of palm nuts for the traders at Old Calabar. I put up the rapid lens and shutter, focus for "distance," and resume the lead by transferring the swarthy dame to the tell-tale plate; but the Captain equalises matters by the death of a magnificent squirrel, and the purser knocks over a bird resembling a snipe with a very long shot, which became longer every subsequent occasion on which he narrated the anecdote.
We are passing some thick and tangled brushwood now, when there is a sudden alarm among our negro crew, and the steers-man gives a sweep with his paddle which takes us half-a-dozen yards from the bank.
"What is it, eh?" "A snake massa! There him be — there, on dem bush!" There he was, sure enough — an enormously-exaggerated worm livid in colour, with a couple of little beady eyes and a tongue that flickered venomously in front of him. Up go the two shot-guns.
"Stop a minute, do!" I implored, as I wrestled frantically with the camera; but there is no restraining the ardour of the sportsmen, and before I can change the lens and focus him the reptile is floating down the stream with his back broken, and my photographic novelty is lost for ever.
Another couple of miles are passed without yielding anything of importance. Now and again we see the long eddy of an alligator, or his sharp snout appears for a moment above the thick water, but the monarch of the mud is too wary for either rifle or camera. We pull through a series of lagoons, and then, as we come round a bend of the river, we see a great native village in front of us. The captain tells us that it is called Creektown, and that on the occasion of his last visit to it he saw a poor wretch buried in an ant-heap by order of the king, from which his skeleton was dug out in a few hours picked perfectly clean. We land with a resolution — on my part, at least — to have as little as possible to say to his majesty.
It is curious to see the effect which a photograph has upon the perfectly-untutored mind. I have frequently observed it on the coast when showing natives prints of places with which they were familiar from their infancy. A portrait would be hailed with roars of delight; but landscape was a dead letter among them, and I have never known a savage recognise a place from its representation. Appreciation of perspective seems to be entirely a matter of training and cultivation. The savage eye sees a large but and a small one in the picture before it, but the undeveloped brain fails to draw the inference that the small one is small because it is further away. Children and artists in the early days of art always depicted every object as being on the same plane. I have frequently observed in Africa that the first thing a native does when you show him a landscape is to turn it round and look at the other side of it. What the exact object of this manoeuvre may be I do not pretend to know, but the action is so unvarying and universal — whether among Kroomen, Mandingoes, Houssars, Ashantees, or any other tribe — that there must be the same good reason for it. Oliver Wendell Holmes formulated the proposition that every equal brain with similar factors to work on will evolve the same product, and the remark seems to hold good among the wild tribes of the coast.
With the exception of the natives, who have been demoralised by contact with the traders and by the brutality of the slave trade, the inhabitants of the dark continent are really a quiet and inoffensive race of men, whose whole ambition is to be allowed to lead an agricultural life, unmolested and in peace. That, at least, is the opinion which I have formed of them, not only from what I have seen but from frequent conversation with the more intelligent chiefs who had travelled in the interior. My firm belief is that an unarmed, unescorted Englishman could travel without let or hindrance through the length and breadth of Africa. Kings, have, however, a very natural objection to large parties, armed to the teeth with formidable weapons, forcing their way through their dominions. This is why they begin to get their stew-pans and sauce-bottles ready when they see a Stanley or any other modern explorer coming down on them.
On landing at the village, one of the first objects that met our view was a very ancient and supernaturally-ugly hag, who was lying under a sort of cow-shed with heavy iron manacles round her wrists and ankles and a chain connecting them, which might have been a piece of the cable of the "Syria." What this unfortunate woman had done we were unable to find out, but the punishment was being inflicted by order of the king. I need hardly say that I lost no time in adding her to my collection — a proceeding which she seemed most strenuously to object to. Her captivity she was reconciled to, but that a real, live, white man should come and put up a three-legged fetish in front of her was more than she could bear. In spite of kind words and many coppers we could hear her howls — "linked sweetness long drawn out" — for some time after she had disappeared from view.
We were rather amused to find that the king had erected a large building dedicated to the Devil, in close proximity to the church. He was nominally a Christian, but used to go on alternate Sundays to the two different establishments. The idea of "hedging" in matters of religion had evidently never occurred to his imperial mind. If he went to heaven, well and good; but if he were unfortunate enough to be consigned to the other place, at least the Devil could not have the heart to do him much damage after he had built him a house.
My view of Creektown, which included both of these rival edifices was unfortunately rather spoiled by the chalky effect produced by the missionary's house and one or two other white-washed buildings. I was the more disappointed because I had generally found the soft light of the setting sun most adapted for photography in Africa, and especially useful in toning down crude, hard colours and staring outlines. The failure in giving idea of distance so common in tropical countries is also rectified to a certain extent by working in the evening, and is minimised by the introduction of the gelatine process. The resident missionary, whom we proceeded to visit, proved to be a capital fellow and seemed delighted at our appearance, a new white face being a rare sight in his parish.
The light was waning now and no more negatives were to be had, so that I was able to settle myself down to a quiet pipe without any arriere pensee. Our entertainer told us much that was interesting about life in the interior and his journeyings there. One of his anecdotes struck me as being amusing. The Captain had been anxiously inquiring about heavy game, to which the missionary answered that he had only once seen an elephant on the banks of the river, and never wished to see another. "I'm not much of a shot," he said, apologetically. "You see, the beast was standing among some bushes, so I went ashore with the heavy rifle and got as near him as I could. There were some flies bothering him, so he kept moving about, wagging his little stump of a tail. At last he stood still, with his head in the air and his tail standing straight up, so I let fly.' The bullet must have passed over its head, for it hit the tail and snapped it clean off like a carrot. If I had aimed at it, it would have been a magnificent shot. The animal was too astonished to be vindictive, and when last I saw him he was leaning against a tree, apparently trying to recall the circumstances which led up to this painful affair. I made for the boat as fast as I could scamper, and very glad I was to find myself safe and sound inside it."
It was almost night time before we took our leave of the hospitable clergyman and made our way down to the boat. We passed the house of the Devil and the still disconsolate prisoner, and were hailed by a cheer from our crew, who, during our absence, had drunk decidedly more rum than was good for them. We pushed off into the stream, and were just starting on our return when we made out a tall warrior gesticulating on the bank. He had come down to inform us that the king was waiting to see us.
"Confound the king!" remarked the Captain.
"Supper's waiting on board," said Haines.
I am not proud. I thought of the man in the ant-hill and threw in my vote for avoiding his majesty, and the measure was carried. We explained to the ambassador that if the king waited until he saw us he would have one of the finest opportunities of waiting that might ever occur to him. With that, and a strong conviction that "Britons never, never, never," &c., we swung the boat round and went gliding rapidly down the broad, glistening stream, till a few scattered lights and a dark hull rising out of the water in front of us informed us that Old Calabar and the "Syria" were reached once more.
There was a scrambling up the latter, a delicate handing of plate-carriers, and a few anxious inquiries from my fellow amateur, who chuckled much on learning that the war canoe had escaped me. And so to supper, with the satisfied feeling produced by half-a-dozen negatives in the background (most of which, I may mention, gave very excellent results), and the consciousness of an evening both pleasantly and usefully spent.
Retrieved from "https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Up_an_African_River_with_a_Camera&oldid=60267"


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Back in Nichols' day, being a 20-game winner wasn't enough. He won 27 games as a 20-year-old rookie for the Boston Beaneaters in 1890 and was a 30-game winner seven times.
Nichols almost always finished what he started, completing 532 of his 562 career starts.


Curious as to how other attendees dress sharp and professional for CNSA conferences? Want to prepare more to participate in National Assembly? Check out what we put together and watch this video!
See what is included in the smart casual dress code, how to motion, who can vote, points of order, how to make an amendment, and more!
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text:
module AdsCommon
  module ApiConfig
    CLIENT_LIB_VERSION = '0.11.2'
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Courage / Heroism
Faith / Spirituality
TED-Talks
Stosh Walsh Inviting Individuals and Organizations to Greater Courage
5 Questions You Must Ask Your Team
If most managers are good people with good intentions, why do so many associates say such terrible things about their jobs? This empowering talk based on a popular article written by Stosh D. Walsh gives managers and leaders the tools they need to reconnect with their people, establish a common purpose and create real meaning in their work environment.
An Invitation to Courage-Envisioning the world as it could be both individually and organizationally
Most people and organizations see the world as it is and react. This impactful presentation redefines courage as an invitation to envision the world as it could be, then create it both individually and organizationally by amplifying (being more of who we are), investing (offering our best) and serving (claiming our influence). Addresses both fears to overcome and certain kinds of safety that must be sacrificed in order to gain significance and create an ideal world.
Being Your Own Best Practice-How to manage your career while you help others manage theirs
Leaders in every industry are continually being asked to do "more with less," and the first sacrifice they make to achieve "more" tends to be their own development. This interactive session enables leaders to ensure their continued growth by introducing them to new ideas to help them prioritize learning and development, refine their brands and manage their careers with intentionality. Includes a practical template to help participants manage that process.
Don't Focus on Your Weaknesses; Build on Your Strengths!
Recent research suggests that an overwhelming 63% of people still believe that fixing their weaknesses is their best pathway to success. Further, less than 25% of people report spending most of their time in a performance review talking about their strengths. Yet, Gallup analysis reveals that "people who use their strengths every day are 3x more likely to report having an excellent quality of life, 6x more likely to be engaged at work, 8% more productive and 15% less likely to quit their jobs." In this eye-opening talk built on a foundation of research and filled with practical steps, former Gallup expert Stosh D. Walsh provides insights on how to embrace who you are, manage around your shortcomings and perform better than ever.
Keys to Sustain-How to implement, support and measure a long-term employee engagement initiative
Fewer than 1 in 3 employees are engaged at work. Most organizations know this and try to do something about it. But why do so many employee engagement initiatives fail? The answer is not based in what survey the organization uses to measure engagement; it is based in how the organization and its leaders use the information from the survey. This practical keynote assists organizations and leaders to establish or advance a successful employee engagement initiative by focusing on building capability in leaders and managers. Steps to this include leveraging a consultative approach to training; understanding, communicating, and partnering toward specific business results; and ensuring leaders and managers have immediate takeaways and accountability for follow up.
2012 Along the Way: Leadership Stories from Everyday Life
Shawn Achor
David Garibaldi
Justin Skeesuck and Patrick Gray
Stosh D. Walsh serves others through speaking, coaching and writing. He has been a TEDx speaker, an adjunct executive coach with the Center for Creative Leadership, and is the author of "Along the Way: Leadership Stories from Everyday Life" (2012).
He began his career in traditional education settings, honing his leadership as a classroom teacher for middle school through college, and as a university residence life director and athletics coach.
After those experiences, he spent nearly a decade with The Gallup Organization as part of their executive leadership practice, where he contributed to the best-selling Strengths Based Leadership, won several awards as Gallup's top presenter in his practice category, and published "Five Questions You Must Ask Your Team" (Gallup Business Journal May 2013-subsequently named top read article of 2013), and "Leadership is More Than the C-Suite" (Gallup Business Journal September 2013). He is an expert in strengths-based organizational development, including leadership and executive coaching, employee engagement, and talent management, having spent thousands of hours consulting, coaching and training on each. In 2014, he joined the largest credit union in IL (8B in assets) to direct their learning and organizational development efforts, and in 2016 he founded his own company, Constant Organizational Development.
Over the course of his career, he has delivered keynotes, facilitated workshops and coached leaders in both non-profit and for-profit organizations, including many Fortune 500 companies. His experience spans a wide variety of industries, including healthcare, financial services, automotive, government, retail and manufacturing, a partial client list of which includes GE, HP, Boeing, Microsoft, Cardinal Health, Johnson & Johnson, State Farm, Caterpillar, Northrup Grumman, Alcoa, Johnson Controls, US Bank, Old Navy, Banana Republic, Waste Management, Kiewit, Stryker, Eastman Chemical, Harley Davidson, Charles Schwab, McKinsey, Federal Aviation Administration and Kohler.
When Stosh was 5 years old, he lost his father to addiction and suicide. Moving toward that pain instead of away from it in subsequent years, he embraced his role as a hope bringer and a courage giver, centered on the truth he discovered on his journey: that courage is not merely having the strength to overcome hardship or fear; courage is envisioning the world as it could be, and creating that world with intentionality. As a speaker and facilitator, he invites individuals and organizations to live with greater courage and create the best world they can envision.
Stosh's formal education includes a BA in Education and an MA in Leadership. His other interests include photography, hiking and spending time with his wife and 2 children.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Schoolboy Q checks in with the L.A. Leakers to talk about the creation of his latest single "Chopsticks" with Travis Scott & the untimely passing of Nipsey Hussle.
Previous post Khalid "Free Spirit"
AB Soul – Hunnid Stax ft School Boy Q s/o @afrolancsevents Can TDE take over the rap game or are they to hippie ..
Shots Fired At SchoolBoy Q Vehicle?


text:
new cell yeah

# COMMAND ----------

# MAGIC %md ### Find the associated blog post here : https://medium.com/@chris_bour

# COMMAND ----------

# MAGIC %md *To launch a Spark-compatible notebook, you can run in a shell :*
# MAGIC
# MAGIC *IPYTHON_OPTS="notebook" --packages com.databricks:spark-csv_2.10:1.0.3 pyspark*

# COMMAND ----------

from pyspark.sql import SQLContext
import pandas as pd

# COMMAND ----------

# make some changes
sqlContext = SQLContext(sc)

# COMMAND ----------

# MAGIC %md ## Reading

# COMMAND ----------

# MAGIC %md With Pandas, you easily read CSV file with read_csv().
# MAGIC
# MAGIC CSV is not supported natively by Spark. You have to use a separate library : spark-csv.

# COMMAND ----------

pandasDF = pd.read_csv('train.csv')
sparkDF = sqlContext.read.format('com.databricks.spark.csv') \
                                .options(header='true').load('train.csv')

# COMMAND ----------

# MAGIC %md ## Counting

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# MAGIC %md *sparkDF.count()* and *pandasDF.count()* are not the exactly the same.
# MAGIC
# MAGIC The first one returns the number of rows.
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# MAGIC The second one returns the number of non NA/null observations for each column.

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pandasDF.count()

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sparkDF.count()

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# MAGIC %md *sparkDF.shape* does not exist.

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print pandasDF.shape

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print sparkDF.shape()

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# MAGIC %md ## Viewing

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# MAGIC %md Pandas *.head()* is beautiful. Spark *.head()* is ugly. Prefer *.show()*

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pandasDF.head(4)

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sparkDF.head(4)

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sparkDF.show(4)

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# MAGIC %md *.tail()* exists with Pandas, but not with Spark

# COMMAND ----------

pandasDF.tail(5)

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sparkDF.tail(5)

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# MAGIC %md ## Inferring types

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# MAGIC %md With Pandas, you rarely have to bother with types : they are inferred.
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# MAGIC With Spark DataFrames, default types are assumed to be "strings".

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pandasDF.dtypes

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sparkDF.schema

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# MAGIC %md With Spark and Pandas, you can change type with *.astype()*

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sparkDF = sparkDF.withColumn('Age2', sparkDF['Age'].astype("float"))
sparkDF = sparkDF.drop('Age')
sparkDF.schema

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# MAGIC %md ## Describing

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# MAGIC %md Pandas and Spark *.describe()* give slightly different results for two reasons :
# MAGIC
# MAGIC * In Pandas, NaN values are excluded. In Spark, NaN values make that computation of mean and standard deviation fail.
# MAGIC
# MAGIC * Standard deviation is not computed in the same way. Unbiased (or corrected) standard deviation by default in Pandas, and uncorrected standard deviation in Spark. The difference is the use of N-1 instead of N on the denominator.

# COMMAND ----------

pandasDF[['Survived', 'Age', 'Fare', 'Pclass']].describe()

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sqlContext.createDataFrame(pandasDF[['Survived', 'Age', 'Fare', 'Pclass']]).describe().show()

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# This only shows numerical data types, see above
sparkDF.describe().show()

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# MAGIC %md ## Wrangling

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# MAGIC %md In Spark, you cannot create new columns with the '[ ]' operator.
# MAGIC
# MAGIC You have to use *.withColumn()*

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pandasDF2 = pandasDF.copy()
pandasDF2['Fare2'] = pandasDF['Fare'] + 2

# COMMAND ----------

pandasDF2[['Fare', 'Fare2']].head(5)

# COMMAND ----------

sparkDF = sparkDF.withColumn('Fare2', sparkDF['Fare'] + 2)

# COMMAND ----------

sparkDF[['Fare', 'Fare2']].show(5)


Avaya 700503164 analog trunk card to any IP500 base card. This card only works with IP Office 500 V2. Four analog trunk ports, or four FXO ports, outfit this daughtercard. Connect analog trunks to the FXO analog ports.


We are now accepting applications for membership with the Downtown Artist Collective!
A few short paragraphs explaining why you would like to be a member of the DAC and what you would bring to our community.
All files must be in .doc, .jpg, or .pdf format.
Applications are due by October 1st.
Artists of all media are welcomed and encouraged to apply. There is no application fee.
After the October 1st deadline, the Membership Committee reviews applicant portfolios and selects the final round of applicants. Finalists are expected to show one to three works in the DAC Anniversary show which will run from October 12th through October 23rd with an artist reception held on October 19th.
Finalists will be notified by October 3rd and can drop off their artwork at the Downtown Artist Collective on October 6th and 7th. Drop off times and additional details will be provided in the acceptance email. Following the artist reception on October 19th, the Membership Committee will send an email notifying applicants of acceptance status.
Round one selection is dependent upon strength of the applicant 's work and membership application paragraph. Final membership selection is based on interview, references, and the needs of the gallery. Artists who are not invited to be members will be invited to a community critique with DAC Members. Please keep in mind, if you are not accepted, we may have simply had too many applicants in a given medium.
Thank you for interest in joining us at Downtown Artists Collective (DAC)! We are a gallery, studio, community outreach, and learning space located in Downtown Salt Lake City. We strive to create a community where artists can reflect, collaborate, and share in a cooperative environment.
Each monthly opening is marketed to its full potential, and our community outreach programs showcase our gallery and our art to the local community. We strive to attract high-level patrons with art that is fresh, contemporary, and of exceptional quality.
Our membership consists of 15-20 members. We keep a balance of community outreach specialists and artists that work in all mediums, two- and three-dimensional. Most of our artists boast impressive resumes. Some are instructors and provide workshops, some are new talents with bright futures, and many show in nationwide shows, art fairs, and in commercial galleries on a local and national level.
Upon joining DAC, each member is required to make a $40 work deposit as well as a $10 key deposit, both due with the initial contract and refundable upon contract termination. Upon contract receipt and payment, artists will be issued a key and key code for the gallery.
Pay monthly dues of $40, payable in advance and due at the first of each month. Dues are not refundable.
Volunteer in the community once a month and curate or co-curate, staff, and set one gallery exhibit per year.
We expect our members to be professional and polite while on duty, as well as knowledgeable about the mission of the DAC and the work that is displayed throughout the gallery.
New members are required to attend a training meeting to be held in the beginning of November yearly. All members are required to attend quarterly membership meetings. Members are encouraged to serve on at least one committee during their tenure.
Artist members are required to curate (alone, with a partner, or with a group) at least one show per year featuring their own work. Member-curators, with help from board members and senior members, will be required to run all aspects of marketing, hospitality, and hanging their shows. Each artist member has the opportunity to apply for a one-month-long solo, duo, or trio show. We host three shows each year that feature all artist members. We also participate in local arts festivals.
Members are encouraged to teach and attend workshops and lessons in the gallery space. All marketing, planning, supplies, and clean-up for said workshops are the responsibility of the workshop coordinator.


I give below details of two events which are being held in the locality during October.
We would welcome any of our near neighbours from Kenilworth, of course!
In addition. please find attached an invitation to a fund raising event to be held on 28th October in aid of the Harry Sunley Memorial Project, when the speaker will be Ian George. Details of the project itself are also attached.
Ian George is the Places Manager for Lincolnshire County Council. For the seventeen years before he started that job in June of this year he was the Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Warwickshire. Ian has worked in Peru and travelled widely across south and central America. In 2010 he took a short sabbatical to undertake a study of what the American's call Historic Preservation. As a result of his visit to the USA he fell in love with the incredible landscapes, people and archaeology of Arizona and New Mexico in particular. He has visited these states many times since and has developed a deep understanding of the picture emerging of the early settlement of this part of the world.
He says "This talk will illustrate the arid landscapes of the south-western states of the USA and how they were first settled. In the deserts and the canyons native peoples developed a settled, agricultural way of life which overcame the barren native landscape. As these societies developed over many centuries so they appear to have declined very rapidly. However, they left behind a wealth of archaeology poorly understood outside the USA. This talk will shed some light on the story which is emerging of the predecessors of the modern tribal people of this area. We shall also explore some of the more recent 'archaeology' of the American south-west and learn about the interplay between native peoples and modern settlers today".
The ruined 'Tantara' Gatehouse in Abbey Fields, Kenilworth (Warwickshire) is the most significant standing building of the Augustinian priory (later abbey) of St Mary, founded in 1119.
Rebuilt in the time of Prior Henry Bradway (1361-75), the Gatehouse was an imposing two-storey building controlling the inner court of the monastery. After the Suppression of the monastery in 1538 the upper storey and almost all the surrounding buildings were destroyed, but much of interest still survives on the ground floor, including two internal chambers. They were once a well-appointed porter's lodge; the lost rooms above were probably accommodation for an important monastic official, such as the bailiff. The surviving structure was in use as a cottage in the 17th and 18th centuries, but had become a picturesque ruin by the time the graveyard of St Nicholas's church was extended around it in 1885. It is a Grade I listed building and a rare survival of a gatehouse of the Augustinian monastic order.
The project has been named in honour of the late Harry Sunley FSA, who was the authority on the Abbey until his death in 2011. Harry was a former Clerk to Kenilworth Town Council, past President and Chairman of Kenilworth History and Archaeological Society and past Chairman of the Kenilworth Abbey Advisory Committee. He had always hoped to see the Gatehouse chambers opened to the public and their contents properly displayed there, and these are now the ultimate aims of the Project.
The main works identified to achieve these aims are to strip out the existing metal storage racking in both chambers to expose the original walls and floors. The carved stones and boxes of floor tiles displaced by this operation will be rehoused on a new mezzanine platform in the inner chamber, where there was a mezzanine floor in the Middle Ages. Some of the heavier objects will be stored on a new set of shelves underneath the mezzanine, and also in a new specially made octagonal storage and display table in the outer chamber.
The freeing-up of space in both chambers should also allow us to exhibit properly large objects such as the 14th-century stone effigy of Prior John Salle (currently stored in the Barn) and the old stile from the Gatehouse passage. It will also be essential to bring mains electricity to the Gatehouse, to provide power for lighting.
To open the Gatehouse to the public would considerably extend the attraction of the Abbey site and encourage more visitors to Abbey Fields. Visits would take place on the same basis as the current summer opening of the Barn by volunteer stewards from Kenilworth History and Archaeology Society, and on pre-booked guided tours. The Gatehouse and the Barn together also have considerable potential as an educational focus for school groups on aspects of medieval monastic life.


PASADENA, CA–What did NBC Entertainment Chairman Robert Greenblatt tell critics attending TCA Friday morning?
The first network executive session of the tour will be hard to top for candor. Unlike long time CBS programming boss Nina Tassler, for example–the Queen of the non-answer–Greenblatt actually answers questions.
As usual, a few of the best goodies came in the post-session scrub. Greenblatt revealed that he quietly re-signed Alec Baldwin to another two seasons of 30 Rock. Whether there will be a season past the one about to start will be a call Greenblatt will make right before the next upfronts. He has six new comedies in development.
Another scrum goodie: NBC/Universal, which produces House for Fox, has not tried to negotiate an extension to that eight-year-old series beyond this season. Both showrunner David Shore and star Hugh Laurie would probably have to take pay cuts. Greenblatt says if Fox passes, he won't likely scoop it up for his network. Not at this price point, basically.
He stressed that Community is not cancelled, and will return, he just doesn't know when. Chuck, on the other hand, is dead dead dead after this coming mid-season run.
On Howard Stern joining America's Got Talent: "His plan is not to usurp the show and make it the Howard Stern circus." Folks who think Stern will wreck this show should settle down says Greenblatt.
Greenblatt joked NBC "won't go into receivership" if new buzz drama Smash isn't a smash. Still, he's giving it the best boost NBC's got by launching it behind The Voice.
On Ricky Gervais returning once again to host the Golden Globes: "We love Ricky." Translation: NBC loves publicity.
On Mariska Hargaty sticking with Law & Order: SVU: yes. In fact, her part is being boosted with new storyline opposite Harry Connick, Jr. Greenblatt says an L&O return next season is likely at this point.
Greenblatt says NBC will actually make money off their new NFL deal, thanking the league for throwing them a Thanksgiving game.
There was some talk about Matt Laurer sticking with The Today Show and the odds of Ryan Seacrest continuing to make more stuff for NBC cable station E! but I nodded off.


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Q: Limit number of checkboxes in Android Preferences I've been trying to figure out how to limit the number of checkable boxes in my preferences activity.
I'm using the preferences activity to make a number of select-able options but only want to let 5 be selected at a time. So once the fifth one is selected the others grey out. But when one is deselected the rest un-grey.
The only problem I'm having is that I cannot figure out how to set an OnClickListener to any of the preferences checkboxes or something similar.
Anyone have any ideas.

A: This is suppose to do the work assuming that you want to put listener on one checkbox.
final CheckBox checkBox = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.checkbox_id);
checkbox_id.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {

   @Override
   public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked) {

     //do whatever you wish to do when that checkbox is checked

   }
}
);

A: Actually, I think I figured it out. What I was looking for is:
final CheckBoxPreference myBox = CheckBoxPreference)findPreference("CheckBoxItem");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Socrates sees the wisdom in living a wakeful life when he says "The unexamining life is not worth living for a human being." Notice the continual action implied in the original. This wisdom, planted in we humans by our loving Creator, is simply obvious but continually difficult.
Our experiences, relationships, choices, priorities, and beliefs are shaped by and are shaping others all the time. That's why the choices we make are so vital to our spiritual progress. And that's why the Church constantly calls us to a wakefulness about our life that always causes us to know where we are and who we are. But this awareness, this wakefulness, is hard work and that's why so many of us don't do it. That is also why those folks who don't attempt this hard work end up having life live them instead of them living life. It's why they stumble and lose heart in times of suffering and loss. They don't have the ability to be wakeful enough to embrace even times of sorrow as stepping stones to deeper living. And that poverty of wakefulness has disastrous consequences for their lives. That would be bad enough, but the greatest tragedy is that these folks aren't isolated islands unto themselves. Their spiritual poverty affects others around them perpetuating the consequences of their lack of wakefulness in the lives of others.
St. Paul sees clearly the challenge of living a purposeful and continually examined life. This way of life is so opposite the daily existence of so many that it appears to all as a drudgery and misery. But that is only because the slumber of most miss the real power of living life on purpose. St. Paul fills up all his challenges, all his suffering with the greater realization that all his suffering and difficulties are filled with both purpose and meaning and the end result is eternal freedom. If you were to start seeing your own challenges in this light, wouldn't it make your burden lighter? Wouldn't seeing the purpose behind the suffering give you strength to not give up?
Paul goes on to reveal the central principle to this wakeful life in revealing the community nature of such a life. Notice he doesn't say he is just one of the "guides" to the Corinthians, but a "father." This familial reality is key to living a wakeful life. You aren't meant to, nor can you ever hope to, live a wakeful life by yourself. It takes your willingness to be in communion and to do the hard work of communion to become wakeful enough to be an "imitator" of the saints. And it is this willingness to do the hard work of communion and imitation of the saints that keeps you awake to your true self. It's a paradox that it is only through imitation of Another that I ever become my true self!
And the truth is you are already an "imitator" of someone; but is it a healthy one you are imitating. Examining your role models and the role model you are leads to the virtues of repentance and humility!
Today, who are you imitating? Is your "model" for living a free and wakeful person or persons? Do you have a spiritual father who is guiding you toward a humble, purposeful, and wakeful life? Who are the examples in your life today? Lot's of questions, I know, but if we don't stop now and again and examine our journey how will we ever know if we are headed in the right direction? Perhaps it's time to purposefully embrace the wise path of life in our Orthodox Way. Perhaps it's time to BE AWAKE and Be Orthodox on Purpose!
P.S. Don't miss an all new Faith Encouraged LIVE Sunday at 8 PM! And share this with a friend! Have a great weekend.


text:
Q: Treemap depth control I have been trying to implement a treemap in my page.
The issue is I want an external depth control to handle the bifurcations of the treemap.
For example http://dataviva.info/en/build_graph/rais/all/all/all?view=Employment%20by%20Municipality&graph=tree_map
Please see the "depth" selection at the bottom of the above page. Observe how the graph is changing.
is there any way to implement this using d3plus?


The main routes to Wells are the A371 and the A39.
For more parking in Wells visit Parkopedia. Please avoid parking at the Wells Little Theatre and there is no parking at Cedars Hall.
Please note on Sunday 26 May the Wells Fun Run takes place in the morning. Some roads will be closed. Please allow plenty of time for your journey and to park.
The nearest train stations are Castle Cary (12 miles from Wells), Bristol Temple Meads (22 miles) and Bath Spa (22 miles), where you will find First Bus links to Wells. Trains go more regularly to Bristol and Bath and bus links are quicker and easier from those stations.


Donatos is a pizza delivery restaurant chain founded in 1963. Its specialty is lunch and dinner. Some featured items include pepperoni, boneless wings, asiago brick street bread and chicken harvest entree.


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Menengai Oilers flyer Sam Smurf Muregi, 20, and centre Eric Ombasa, 22, are set to make their debut at the World Rugby Sevens Series after being roped in Kenya 7s squad for Cape Town Sevens, to be played on 9-10 December 2017.
The two standout players, who came to the fore after lighting up the 2017 Kenya National Sevens circuit, were called in to replace stalwarts Collins Injera and Dennis Ombachi who suffered hamstring and ankle injuries, respectively, in the ended weekend during the opening Dubai 7s leg.
Though coming up at the series for the first time, Muregi and Ombasa are not new to the Kenya 7s squad, as very recently the two made the cut for Safland 7s, after being picked from an initial provisional list of 42 players, helping the team to the ultimate prize.
Joining the squad alongside Muregi and Ombasa is Oscar Ouma who had initially been named for Dubai 7s as the team's vice captain. Save for the three, the rest of the squad remains as is and will be lead by captain Oscar Ayodi.
Willy Ambaka - who alongside Injera made it to the 2015 Cape Town 7s ´Dream Team´, Frank Wanyama, Eden Agero, Herman Humwa - Series debutant at the just ended Dubai 7s, Nelson Oyoo, Sammy Oliech, Dan Sikuta, Brian Tanga and Jeff Oluoch complete the squad.
Kenya has been banded with host South Africa, Russia and France in pool A at Cape Town Sevens. Kenya will start off against France from 3.27pm on Saturday 9 December then take on Russia before finishing off with the hosts later.
Willy Ambaka, Frank Wanyama, Herman Humwa, Nelson Oyoo, Sammy Oliech, Dan Sikuta, Brian Tanga, Jeff Oluoch , Sam Muregi, Erick Ombasa Arthur Owira, Oscar Ouma - Vice captain, Oscar Ayodi - Captain.


text:
Legal: Teachers, professionalism and occupational discipline law
Queensland Teachers' Journal, Vol 124 No 5, 5 July 2019, page no. 29
When allegations are made against teachers, a variety of legal proceedings can follow. Criminal proceedings, teacher registration proceedings and employee discipline proceedings are the most common, and many accused teachers experience all three in relation to the allegation in question. Other possibilities, such as an action for damages or a discrimination claim, occasionally occur as well.
Criminal proceedings are very distinct from other proceedings in a number of ways. Because questions of the stigma of a criminal conviction and a risk of imprisonment are inherent in criminal proceedings, there is a higher standard of proof (beyond reasonable doubt), stricter rules of evidence and stricter rules of practice. These are designed to protect the liberty of the citizen in relation to criminal proceedings, given the very serious implications. A criminal conviction can also be the basis for other consequences, such as suspension or cancellation of teacher registration, dismissal from employment, prohibitions on travelling to other countries and so on.
The term "occupational discipline law" is not new but is receiving much more attention and use because of the raising of standards in relation to professions. Generally speaking, the concept of occupational discipline law relates to legal consequences of allegations against professionals other than crime, for example, teacher registration and employer discipline. In occupational discipline law the standard is normally on the balance of probabilities and rules in relation to evidence and procedure, though variable, are not as protective as in the criminal jurisdiction.
The other critical distinction from crime is that the purpose of occupational discipline law is both protective and rehabilitative. While the effect of termination or deregistration may be punitive, that is not the purpose. The purpose of occupational discipline is the protection of the public and in the case of teachers, particularly for the protection of children, and rehabilitation where achievable.
The concept of occupational discipline law is increasingly institutionalised, and the standards of professionalism are rising. As some examples, the Law Society set up an Occupational Discipline Law Committee (of which the writer is a member) in 2014. The creation in 2009 of the Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal as the ultimate body in relation to teacher registration cancellation and suspension (apart from court appeals) has institutionalised occupational discipline law significantly and there are an increasing number of court and tribunal decisions, articles and textbooks (for example, two in recent years on workplace investigation law).
The consequence of all of this is that teachers and school leaders need to be increasingly aware of the increased accountability which they face and of the need to be informed about the way in which one responds so as to protect one's interests.
The first response which a person makes to an allegation can be absolutely critical and, given the range of proceedings which are possible, can be critical in a number of contexts. People accused of allegations (especially if the allegations are untrue or exaggerated) are prone to be very emotional, at least initially. Even an innocent person responding without advice and while distressed or shocked by the allegation can do considerable damage to their interests (crime, teacher registration, employment) by that first response. It is important to have the confidence to say that this is a serious matter and I will obtain some advice before responding. The point here is that one ought not to respond immediately, emotionally and without the benefit of advice. Innocent people can do themselves considerable damage.
Changes in attitude, changes in institutions and changes in the law are all increasing the accountability of all professionals in relation to the discharge of their duties. It is not only appropriate to protect one's interests carefully in such circumstances but vital that one does so. A sophisticated system requires a sophisticated response. Union officers and lawyers are familiar with the potential implications of an allegation and can give advice as to the appropriate response.
Andrew Knott
Special Counsel, Holding Redlich


In July, we took a weekend trip to Prince Edward County with some friends. We had beautiful weather, and loved checking out the wineries, a cider company, and breweries.
Saturday night we went to the Drake Devonshire for our 5-a-7. The location was beautiful. So great.
It's got the same cool, mid-century feel as the Drake Hotel in Toronto, but more Palm Springs inspired with all the outdoor aspects due to it being right on Lake Ontario. I would absolutely love to stay there and wake up with their yoga classes on the waterfront, and a phenomenal brunch.
They had some delicious mixed drinks. I got their Wanderlust (grapefruit, cucumber, mint, raspberry, lemon, seltzer water, and added tequila). We also had their "loaded potatoes" with a delicious spicy sauce.
Wouldn't that be an awesome view for your morning coffee?!
Certainly a boutique hotel and restaurant is a little more expensive than others, but I'd say it was worth it. The Drake was wonderful, and I'm looking forward to trying it again next time we head out that way!
I'm very lucky that Nic and I live in Ottawa near our parents. The Saturday before Mother's Day, I invited my moms out to lunch. We had an amazing brunch at Wild Oat in the Glebe (definitely going back!) and enjoyed a walk through Ottawa's Tulip Festival.
I got the wild breakfast plate, two eggs, homemade bread (with their own jam!), yam hashbrowns, and sauteed vegetables. SO good. I can't wait to go again!
I definitely love being back in Ottawa again – great to be with family, and the city is so beautiful!
Yes, I know I haven't posted since I started grad school. Sorry about that! I'm hoping that now that I've been in school for almost two months I've figured out scheduling, so I'll be able to post once or twice a week here! I figured I would start back off with some fall inspiration, and soon I'll get to posting about our new apartment and all the things we've been doing since moving back to Ottawa!
(Non-fat, no-whip) pumpkin spice latte, but really all I want is a tea latte. Probably a nice, spicy chai, or a London Fog.
Last fall I bought this awesome reversible blanket scarf from the Bay. It was a promotion during Breast Cancer Awareness Month and supposedly some of the money went towards research. I had been looking for the perfect size, pattern, and warmth, and this fit the list. It was even 100% manufactured fabric, so no wool to give me hives! I love to wear it open, or wrapped all around me. This weekend on the Greyhound I used it as a blanket. Perfect.
6. Haunted house, haunted hay ride, or haunted corn maze?
I had really wished we would have had time to go to Saunders Farm outside of Ottawa this October, but I'm busy every weekend, and we don't have a car to drive out there. In high school it was always lots of fun, because you get to go around being scared by people, go on the hayride, watching their satirical play, and drinking hot apple cider. My least favourite parts were the haunted houses.
If I'm not going for pumpkin or apple pie, it would have to be these amazing pop tarts I made for one time we hosted friends!
We all know how much I love to hike, so obviously that's my favourite. I also love baking lots of fall things, celebrating Thanksgiving with friends and family, and carving pumpkins!
Somehow I went the whole year of living in Toronto with only going out for brunch once. That's a big no-no for Torontonians. Our last Sunday in Toronto, we went out to the Drake Hotel on Queen St West for brunch with our friend Wilson.
Their patio was perfect. I love their style-super mid-century modern and lots of super cool art pieces. I'd only been there for a friend's birthday in winter, where we were mostly clubbing in the basement.
I had their smoked salmon bagel with cream cheese, greens, and capers. Nic had their Drake breakfast (eggs, sausage, potatoes etc.) and Wilson had the special, which was bread pudding with plums.
For our one year living in Toronto, we agreed that although we did not have much money (grad students and people who work at front desks of gyms aren't rolling in it) we wanted to explore Toronto well. Sometimes that meant exploring it with our stomachs. We found some really great restaurants all over the city, and you should definitely try some of them!
For our first wedding anniversary we went to Byblos, which is a Mediterranean restaurant. Their drinks are amazing, their food is amazing, and we had a wonderful time.
There are many ice cream and gelato places around our neighbourhood of St. Clair West, but Booyah is the one we've loved the most. You can have these amazing dessert tacos, or ice cream sandwiches, all customizable.
The Sea Witch is another of our favourites in St. Clair West. We've taken several people there, and everyone always loves the awesome service (the owners remember you!), the spicy pickled onions, awesome fries, and best of all, the sandwich. For two people, you only need one order of fries since the sandwiches are so big and awesome. The first time we went, Nic only got the fish, not the sandwich, and he was definitely jealous.
Nic and I love doughnuts. Glory Hole (don't think about it!) is sort of difficult for us to get to in Parkdale, but it's awesome. Nic had a malted doughnut, and mine was strawberry rhubarb. So fresh, the inside is delicious, perfect.
The coffeeshop we've returned to the most is Box Car SocialBox Car Social. They're one of those coffee shops that turns into a bar, so you can get flights of different alcohol etc. We love the service, the latte art, and their chai tea lattes are up to my standards. The location on Yonge Street near St. Clair is super cool with lots of different rooms upstairs to hang out or work in, and a patio on the first floor.
Our favourite Asian cuisine has been at Pho Hung- a Vietnamese place in Chinatown. Their Vermicelli is delicious.
In summer, sometimes you want a popsicle. A delicious, homemade popsicle. Enter the summer berry popsicle, which has three ingredients: frozen (or fresh) berries, Greek yogurt, and agave syrup to sweeten. I'm excited to try other variations of these once this container is done!
You can pick up popsicle trays from lots of stores. Some of them are pretty bad, others are great. My first set was from Loblaws, but even with running it under hot water, you couldn't get the popsicle out on the stick. The current set is from IKEA, and I like it a lot more.
I blended up 1 cup of frozen berries in my Magic Bullet.
Mix in 1/2-1 cup Greek yogurt, and 1 tbsp agave syrup (or honey) to sweeten if desired.
There are lots of specialty ice cream places in Toronto. Some of them live up to the hype (Sweet Jesus) and some don't (Dutch Dreams), but all of them offer unique experiences, so if you like ice cream and don't mind lines, check them out this summer!
Nic and I were lucky on our trip to Booyah at St. Clair West and Vaughan (Bathurst) that there wasn't a line ahead of us. Booyah offers different ice cream sandwiches. You can pick the type of cookie and scoops of ice cream, but this summer they added ice cream tacos. In the folded waffle is three scoops of ice cream, two toppings, and a sauce.
We tried moose tracks, cookie dough, and blueberry cheesecake with whipped cream, brownie bits, cookie dough, and caramel sauce. Yes, it was worth the money, but I'm definitely glad we split it! It was soooo big!


In our last +1, we continued our chat about the fact that your perfection is already there. It's just waiting for you to follow Rule #1 and quit doing yourself harm.
Which makes me think about the connection between our ego and the divine within.


People in Holly Bank can make use of the many different services from Private Detective Walsall. Private Detective Walsall delivers outstanding services to cater for the needs of people in areas such as infidelity issues, money owed to clients and several others in Holly Bank, Lane Head, Leamore, Leighswood and Mill Green.
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text:
One Year Later, Educators Deciding How to Teach US Capitol Riot
Waukee School District teacher Liz Wagner in her home, Dec. 23, 2021, in Urbandale, Iowa. Teachers have already landed on the front lines of the "culture war." The January 6th incident is no different. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall)
Last January, thousands of supporters of then-President Donald Trump carried out a deadly attack and occupation of the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The violence took place as lawmakers were meeting to officially declare Joe Biden, a Democrat, the winner of the 2020 presidential election.
This January, teachers across the United States are deciding how to teach and talk about the attack.
What students learn may depend on where they live.
In an area outside Boston, Massachusetts, history teacher Justin Voldman said his students will spend the day of January 6th writing about what happened and talking about how a democracy can be easily damaged.
Voldman said he feels lucky to teach in a state where most people are Democrats. "There are other parts of the country where ... I would be scared to be a teacher," he said.
Liz Wagner is a social studies teacher near Des Moines, Iowa. The state increasingly votes Republican in local and national elections. She got an email from an administrator last year, warning teachers to be careful in how they present the discussion of the violence.
Some of Wagner's students questioned her last year when she described what happened on January 6th as an insurrection. She answered by having the students read the dictionary definition for the word. This year, she said she will probably show students videos of the protest and ask them to write about what the images show.
"This is kind of what I have to do to ensure that I'm not upsetting anybody," Wagner said.
Talking about what happened on January 6th is increasingly difficult for teachers. They must decide how — or whether — to educate their students about the event. And the lessons sometimes depend on whether they are in a state that is majority Democratic or majority Republican.
Facing History and Ourselves is a nonprofit group that helps teachers with difficult lessons on subjects such as the Holocaust. Immediately after last year's riot, it offered suggestions on how to talk about the event with students.
Abby Weiss oversees the development of the group's teaching tools.
In the year since the attack, she said, Republican lawmakers in some states have pushed for legislation to limit the teaching of material that explores how race and racism influence American politics, culture and law.
Racial discussions are hard to avoid when talking about the riot; white supremacists were among those who broke into the Captiol building.
Anton Schulzki is president of the National Council for the Social Studies. He is also a teacher in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He said students are often the ones bringing up racial issues during his lessons.
Last year, he had just begun discussing the riot when one of his students said, "'You know, if those rioters were all Black, they'd all be arrested by now."
Paula Davis is a middle school teacher in rural Indiana. She is also an area leader for Moms for Liberty, a group whose members have protested face coverings and vaccine requirements in recent months. She mostly teaches math and English and does not plan to discuss January 6th in her classroom.
But she said for teachers who do teach about the event, it is important not to show any bias. Bias is a tendency to believe that some people or ideas are better than others. It usually results in treating some people unfairly.
"If it cannot be done without bias," Davis said of the lessons, "then it should not be done."
There is no way middle school teacher Dylan Huisken will avoid the issue in his classroom in Bonner, Montana. He said he plans to use the anniversary to teach his students to use their voice by doing things like writing to lawmakers.
He added that not teaching about the attack suggests to students that the "civic ideals we teach…don't have any real-world application."
I'm Ashley Thompson.
The Associated Press reported this story. Ashley Thompson adapted it for VOA Learning English.
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Japan Yugen
Everything You Wondered About Japan
Fujoshi: All You Need to Know About Female Fans of BL
Anime and manga fans all over the world are well aware of the term 'Fujoshi'. But if this is the first time you have come across it, fret not. We've got you covered.
Fujoshi is a Japanese word used for females who imagine a romantic relationship between straight male characters in pop culture fiction. In its more common usage, it can refer to female fans of Boys' Love (BL) or yaoi genre of fiction which shows gay romance. It is a Japanese slang word.
What's the meaning of the word Fujoshi?
The origin and history of Fujoshi
Modern use of the word Fujoshi
What kind of material is enjoyed by Fujoshi?
Why do fujoshi like gay romance?
The criticism around Fujoshi
Fujoshi and its connection with Otaku
Are Fujoshi feminists?
What is Fudanshi?
There's Fujoshi merch, too!
Some interesting facts about Fujoshi
Fujoshi can be loosely translated as 'rotten girl'. The word 'rotten' here is used in a self-deprecating manner. A fujoshi is a female fan of pop culture content including but not limited to anime, manga, video games, and novels. The word fujoshi carries a connotation as being a 'fallen woman'.
The word 'fujoshi' (written as 腐女子) meaning 'rotten girl' is a pun on the same sounding word 'fujoshi' (written as 婦女子) that refers to a married woman. The sound 'fu' in the first word written as 腐 means 'spoiled' or 'rotten'. The 'fu' in the second word (婦) means respectable. Due to the double meaning of the word, it gets a tinge of self-deprecating humor to it. So it can mean that a respectable woman can have the 'rotten girl' side to her, too.
It is because of the real meaning of the word that it is a derogatory term in Japan. However, most female fans who identify themselves as fujoshi don't view this term as derogatory. They openly or secretly take pride in being a fujoshi. But it can be used in a self-mocking way.
A fujoshi is a female fan of the BL genre
Most fujoshi women are straight. Some are gay or bisexual. According to research by Hiromi Tanaka in April 2018, most fujoshi are young women. Some could even be in their early teens. Many fujoshi remain so even when they grow older. However, some give up being a fujoshi after a certain age.
It is believed that the term fujoshi was first used on online boards in 2000. It was used as a derogatory term. Fujoshi was used for girls who read romantic subtexts between male characters in pop culture media. It was first used as a form of insult.
Inside the Otaku subculture, it was common knowledge that girls enjoyed storylines that have possible male-male interactions. Soon, these girls started using this term for themselves, too. However, it remained a term that was used only in online forums until 2005.
The word 'fujoshi' first appeared in the Japanese magazine Aera in 2005. It was used to refer to female Otaku fans. The term became more popular in 2006 when several other magazines used it.
Fujoshi is now a widely used term in Japan. It is no longer just limited to online forums. But, it can have different meanings for different people. While many fujoshi openly accept their interest, there are some that hide it. Those who openly accept, proudly do so by even posting it on their social media accounts.
Outside the fujoshi community, most people look down upon at fujoshi. This can be linked with the criticism around fujoshi.
Fujoshi culture is present outside Japan, too
Outside Japan, the term is viewed with mixed feelings. Some female fans readily accept the term for themselves. However, some others disagree with it. This is mostly because the origin of the word was insulting. Also, the connotation of the word being 'rotten' or 'fallen' bothers many women.
Fujoshi can enjoy any or all of the below content.
Shounen-ai is a genre of fiction that has a beautiful young boy as the protagonist. The story revolves around his struggle with love. However, it is not explicitly stated whether this love is same-sex or heterosexual. It also focuses on the aspect of romance rather than sex.
In western countries, this genre is commonly understood as fiction without any erotic scenes between the men in it. But the fujoshi can have such fantasies about the protagonist and other important male characters.
Boys' Love (BL)
This fiction genre was first popularized in Japan in the nineties. male/male fictional romance was quite a hit during those times. It was scattered under different terms including 'shoujo manga' and slash fiction with men. But the blanket term for them was Boys' Love or BL. Image was a magazine that first used the term Boys' Love and it caught up with the fans.
Boys' Love remains an umbrella term for most male/male romance content. Especially, in the past decade, BL has been a commonly used term for this kind of genre. However, it should be noted that BL is a more commonly used term in Japan for male/male romance. In the west, it can have pedophilic undertones.
Yaoi manga
It is actually an abbreviation for Yama nashi, Ochi nashi, Imi nashi (no climax, no anti-climax, no meaning). It basically means a story without any real plot. So the yaoi genre will have a weak plot that just gets two men together in an erotic situation. It contains explicit scenes between gay men. This content is made with female fans as the target audience.
Bara or Men's Love
Bara is a gay men's romance genre. It is also an erotic genre that has explicit scenes between the men involved. Bara is usually created by gay men for other gay men. However, fujoshi also enjoy this genre. This genre is also known as Men's Love or ML.
Slash fiction is a genre of same-sex romance. It has gay men in a romantic relationship. When slash has female protagonists, it is sometimes also called femmeslash. Slash fiction with gay men romance is enjoyed by fujoshi.
Indirect content/Fantasy
Many times, fujoshi also indulge in gay romance fantasies. So, two male characters in a popular video game, novels, manga, etc. can be imagined to have a romantic relationship. These male characters could be heterosexual. This kind of imagination generally finds its way in art. So fujoshi, or amateur artists catering to fujoshi, might create art in the form is drawings or fanwork that show romance between two straight male characters.
Real-life Fantasy
The fujoshi might sometimes engage in fantasizing real, straight men to be in a gay relationship. These real men could be famous people such as movie stars or men whom the fujoshi otherwise know.
It might be puzzling for people to understand why there are so many straight female fans of the gay romance genre. But, what are the reasons for these women to be interested in male/male romance or erotica?
Blogger Kirsty Kawano, who has lived in Japan for many years, says that the fujoshi find an escape through the BL genre. Some of the reasons in detail are given below.
The pleasure of indulging in something that's forbidden.
There is the obvious thrill of reading or watching content that is considered forbidden. A lot of yaoi content has themes of rape or abuse in addition to sexually explicit scenes. A voyeuristic view of these themes is something that fujoshi find interesting.
There are no female protagonists to make them jealous.
The male protagonists in BL or yaoi content are shown as very good looking. However, there is no female lead whom they find attractive. So, in the minds of the fujoshi, there isn't an 'other woman' who would 'steal' these men.
They find it empowering to see men in submissive roles.
In male/male romance, one partner is often shown as submissive while the other is dominant. Watching a man in a submissive role, being subject to abuse or rape, gives the fujoshi a sense of empowerment. It gives them the pleasure to see a man being tortured and abused.
They can enjoy the erotica and distance themselves from it at the same time.
Since the sexual acts shown are between men, fujoshi can find it easier to distance themselves from the act itself. So, at some level, they can enjoy these acts without shame because what they are seeing is very different from their own bodies. They can take their attention away from and avoid female sexuality. Also, they can dissociate themselves from the sexual act because what they see does not involve a woman.
They have the guilty pleasure of gazing at a male body.
In a world where most females go through the problematic male gaze, fujoshi can enjoy gazing at the male body. It makes them feel more in power. Also, since most of the erotic material available is made for men, fujoshi find it liberating to create and enjoy the content that caters to the female gaze.
They enjoy it for the humor associated with it.
Some of the content created for the fujoshi audience can have humorous themes. Also, it is possible that fans perceive some aspects of gay relationships as amusing or funny. Even pairing up unusual male characters and imagining a gay relationship between them can be humorous for the fans.
The Fujoshi culture has faced a lot of criticism both within and outside Japan. Japan is a country with strong patriarchal and family values. Hence, there is a belief that the young population should be kept away from explicit material. Also, there is the problem of adult content through comics being freely available to minors.
After the yaoi or BL fiction began to be translated into English in the 21st century, the criticism spread to the rest of the world, too. One of the reasons for the criticism is obviously the fact of enjoying the content that goes against what society mandates. But there are other reasons too.
The underlying themes of rape and abuse in BL fiction are disturbing. Also, the depiction of gay romance is hardly liberating. If anything, it is mostly homophobic. Some critics are of the opinion that most fujoshi are homophobic, too. Or at least that the way they view same-sex relationships is skewed. Gay rights activists have often labeled fujoshi as forces that disempower gay men.
How do the fujoshi view this criticism?
In response, the fujoshi, especially in the West, argue that they are in fact supporting the gay community by reading BL content. Another argument is that fujoshi enjoy the content that is meant for just entertainment. Thus, their interest must be kept away from too much scrutiny.
However, the point remains that even the fujoshi believe at some level that their thoughts are 'rotten'. There is a kind of a shame that they associate with being fujoshi. This is the reason most fujoshi will not openly declare their interests. They would rather like to interact with other fujoshi from behind a veil of anonymity.
It is believed that the term was first used in online Otaku forums. It was used to self-mock for the rotten thoughts or preferences for gay romance. However, it is highly debatable whether the fujoshi are a part of the Otaku subculture in Japan.
The Otaku are obsessive fans of a certain subject. However, you don't need to have an obsessive interest in the Boys' Love genre to be called as fujoshi. Fujoshi can have a casual interest in the subject of gay romance. This is why Otaku often look at the term with distaste and don't consider them as a part of their own group.
There is a line of thought that fujoshi are feminists. They consume content that goes against patriarchal values. This gives them a sense of being feminists. Also, the content that is created for fujoshi is almost always by other women. Thus, women are at the center of driving the fujoshi culture. They are both the creators as well as consumers.
Out of the otaku population, female otaku have the most spending power, which is one of the reasons why you see an increase of boy love publications and anime featuring good looking guys.
Danny Choo on CNN GeekOut
However, experts believe that fujoshi might not necessarily be feminists. If they think that their choices are feminist, this thinking is skewed.
Male fans of Boys' Love or yaoi genre are referred to as fudanshi. It means 'rotten boy'. This term came after 'fujoshi'. Fudanshi was used to refer to those males who took an interest in content created for fujoshi.
There is even more stigma attached to the word 'fudanshi' than 'fujoshi'. This could be because men associate more shame with accepting that they are interested in gay themes. They are afraid of being judged for their choices. Fudanshi can be gay, straight, or bisexual.
It is believed that the fudanshi find an escape through the Boys Love or yaoi genre. These genres show male characters that are not always strong or masculine. Thus, it allows them to indulge in a fantasy world where men need not always be manly.
There is a lot of Fujoshi merchandise available!
There are many shops in Japan and outside that sell fujoshi goodies. You can find fujoshi merch on e-commerce sites such as Amazon, too.
Akihabara in Tokyo, which is frequented by Otaku fans has many shops that deal with Fujashi merchandise. While there are many shops, Animate in Ikebukuro, Tokyo is a well-known store to pick up some cool stuff. From comic books and anime CDs, and artwork to collectible figures, you can find everything!
Women queuing outside Animate, Ikebukuro
Before we jump to the facts about Fujoshi, here's an interesting video that shows the stages of becoming a Fujoshi/Fudanshi.
Stages of a Fujoshi/Fudanshi
The core concept of fujoshi content probably goes back to the 11th century!
Tale of Genji was a novel written in 11th century Japan. This was the first time 'bishounen' was discussed in a story. Bishounen means 'beautiful boys'. This was probably the first time that androgynous, good looking young boys were portrayed in fiction.
There are Yaoi Cafes in Japan
These theme cafes are a must-visit for Fujoshi when in Japan. These cafes have young boys who take orders for food. They also enact your favorite Boys' Love scenes right there in front of you! Here's a video from such a theme cafe.
There were 90% women attendees in the first Comiket
Comiket or Comic Market is a fair held in Tokyo for selling self-published fan work, twice a year. The first Comiket was held in 1975. Out of the 700 people who attended, an overwhelming majority of 90% were women. In poll results, it showed that most of these women were quite interested in the BL genre. A definite sign that these were early fujoshi!
BLfudanshifujoshiyaoi
By Eli Civil
Eli Civil
A software engineer, entrepreneur, and Japanese culture enthusiast. I travel the world while working from my laptop and try to visit Japan as often as I can. About Eli Civil
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Running until the 22nd of March in Nostalgia at Kino Nivy is a little-celebrated but extremely interesting film festival celebrating Scandinavian film: the appropriately titled Nordfest. I had a long hard look at the lineup. Most of the films are, understandably, in Danish, Swedish or Norwegian with a couple in African or Chinese, depending upon the collaborators and the setting. All have Slovak subtitles but none had any English subtitles, which sadly limited me to only two films that I could really watch: Searching for Sugar Man (on 7th March) and Factotum – the 2005 adaptation of the classic Charles Bukowski novel – on 21st March (both in English).
I renew a call, as I have with the Jeden Svet (One World) Festival in the past, to showcase these wonderful Bratislava cultural events a little bit more by having subtitles in English for a few more of these films. I know we're in Slovakia, guys, but if you had a more commonly-spoken language (give me Spanish, French, even German at a push) for secondary subtitles on these great film screenings it would help show the rest of the world just how much Bratislava has going on culturally.
Anyway, fortunately Factotum is the film I most want to see there!
To get to Nostalgia, which is the other side of the Medická Záhard, follow Karadžičova north to the cross with Pol'ná just after the cemetery, turn right, head straight over the pedestrian walkway, take the first left and then bear first right on Velehradská. In two blocks' time you'll read Súťažná. Turn left. The cinema is at Súťažná 18.