text:
\section{Introduction}

There are many derivations of Hawking radiation in literature.
Recently this phenomenon has been studied using a variant of
the WKB/tunneling approach \cite{Wilczek}. This approach provides a simple and physically
intuitive picture. The tunneling method has two
versions: (i) the null geodesic method \cite{Wilczek}; (ii) the
Hamilton-Jacobi method \cite{padma}. The original work on the tunneling method
was unable to obtain the thermal nature of the Hawking radiation. This shortcoming
was recently solved by Banerjee and Majhi \cite{blackbody} who obtained the thermal
spectrum for Hawking radiation using the tunneling picture. The thermal nature of
Hawking radiation leads to the information loss
paradox: since the radiation is thermal there are no correlations between the
emitted field quanta and so one losses information about the nature of the matter that originally
formed the black hole. More technically, the complete evaporation of a black hole, whereby a pure
quantum state evolves into a thermal state, would violate the quantum mechanical unitarity.
A recent review of the information paradox
can be found in reference \cite{information paradox}.

There have been various proposals
for resolving this information loss paradox which usually involve the idea that Hawking radiation
is modified when one goes beyond the approximations used in the various methods of deriving it. One possibility
is that higher order corrections in $\hbar$ may make the spectrum non-thermal. For example, in the case
of charged particle pair creation in a uniform electric field -- the Schwinger effect \cite{schwinger} which can be thought of
as a non-GR, field theory version of Unruh/Hawking radiation \cite{holstein} -- the tunneling amplitude can
be calculated exactly to all orders in $\hbar$ and it is non-thermal. Here we show that the same
is not true for Hawking radiation -- using the tunneling formalism it can be shown that to all
orders of $\hbar$ the radiation spectrum is thermal. Thus, even taking the full quantum theory into account
does not resolve the information paradox \footnote{By full quantum theory we mean the corrections to all orders in
$\hbar$ coming from the non-gravitational fields. The metric we consider is still completely classical so that gravity is
not quantized.}.

Quantum tunneling with back reaction gives the relation between the tunneling rate and entropy change of black hole
\cite{Wilczek}. This relation provides an alternative approach to the information
loss paradox \cite{vagenas,information}. However, the considerations are confined to the semi-classical
approximation. The approach to the information loss paradox given here involves both quantum corrections to
all orders and back reaction. For this approach we look at the information loss paradox
in terms of entropy. The original black hole has some entropy
$S$ which is proportional to the surface area, $A$, of the black hole \cite{bekenstein}. If the
black hole evaporates away completely into thermal radiation then the total entropy after the evaporation
will be greater than that before. From the microscopic view of entropy this indicates that the number of
microstates is greater after evaporation as compared to
before evaporation. This increase in the number of states indicates
that the evolution is non-unitary. In order to have unitary evolution the entropy before
should be equal to the entropy after. In this article we will show that it is possible
under specific conditions for the entropy
before, as determined by the surface area of the black hole, to be made equal to the entropy of
the outgoing radiation after the black hole has completely evaporated. The entropy of the outgoing
radiation will be calculated from the non-trivial correlations between emitted field quanta which
arise due to higher order quantum corrections plus back reaction.

\section{Blackbody spectrum beyond the semi--classical approximation}

In this section we briefly review the salient results from references
\cite{beyond, beyond1} where a formalism was developed to investigate
quantum corrections {\it to all orders} in $\hbar$ in the tunneling method.

We begin by considering a general class of static, spherically symmetric space--time
\begin{eqnarray}\label{spherically symmetric metric}
ds^2=-f(r)dt^2+\frac{dr^2}{f(r)}+r^2d\Omega^2.
\end{eqnarray}
The horizon of the black hole $r=r_H$ is given by $f(r_H)=0$. In
this space--time, a massless scalar particle obeys the Klein-Gordon
equation
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Klein-Goedon equation}
-\frac{\hbar^2}{\sqrt{-g}}\partial_\mu(g^{\mu\nu}\sqrt{-g}\partial_\nu)\phi=0.
\end{eqnarray}
In the tunneling framework, the tunneling particle is
considered as a spherical shell so that the trajectory of the
tunneling process is radial. Therefore only the $(r,t)$ sector of
the metric (\ref{spherically symmetric metric}) is important and
thus tunneling of a particle from a black hole can be
considered as a two-dimensional quantum process in the $(r,t)$ plane.
For a two dimensional theory, the standard WKB ansatz for the wave
function $\phi$ can be expressed as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{scalar field WKB}
\phi(r,t)=\exp\left[\frac{i}{\hbar}I(r,t)\right]
\end{eqnarray}
where $I(r,t)$ is the one particle action which can be expanded in
powers of $\hbar$ as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{expansion of the action}
I(r,t)=I_0(r,t)+\sum_j \hbar^j I_j(r,t).
\end{eqnarray}
Here $I_0(r,t)$ is the semi--classical action and the others are
quantum corrections. As shown in \cite{beyond,beyond1}, $I_i(r,t)$ are proportional to
$I_0(r,t)$, so that (\ref{expansion of the action}) can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{expansion-elias}
I(r,t)=\left(1+\sum_j\gamma_j \hbar^j \right)I_0(r,t)
\end{eqnarray}
with $\gamma _j$ being unknown proportionality constants. We are using units with
$G=c=k_B =1$ so that $\hbar$ has units of length square -- the Planck length
$l_P$. The solution of the semi--classical
action $I_0$ has the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{in-out}
I_0(r,t)=\omega (t\pm r_*),~~~~r_*=\int\frac{dr}{f(r)}.
\end{eqnarray}
The $-$ ($+$) sign refers to outgoing (ingoing) trajectories.
For the high order correction terms in equation (\ref{expansion-elias}),
the undetermined proportionality coefficients $\gamma_j$
have dimension $\hbar^{-j}$. For concreteness we consider
a Schwarzschild black hole whose only macroscopic parameter
can be defined in terms of the radius of the horizon $r_H$.
Performing some elementary dimensional analysis -- requiring that $\gamma_j \hbar ^j$
be dimensionless and remembering that in our units $\hbar$ has units of
$l_P ^2$ -- one can show the coefficients $\gamma_j$ have dimension $r_H^{-2j}$.
This is expressed as
\begin{eqnarray}
\gamma_j=\frac{\alpha_j}{r_H^{2j}}
\end{eqnarray}
with $\alpha_j$ dimensionless constants. Thus the solution for the scalar field $\phi(r,t)$ is,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{solution}
\phi(r,t)=\exp{\left[\frac{i}{\hbar} \left( 1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}} \right) \omega
(t\pm r_*)\right]}.
\end{eqnarray}
If $(t\pm r_*)$ has an imaginary part then $\phi (r, t)$ will have an exponentially decreasing
part from which the tunneling amplitude, the temperature and the spectrum of the radiation
can be found. From equation (\ref{in-out}) and performing a contour integration
it has been shown \cite{chow} that
$r_*$ does have an imaginary part but gives twice the correct Hawking
temperature. In \cite{time} it was shown that in general there is also an imaginary contribution coming from
the time part of $(t\pm r_*)$. This is seen by introducing the Kruskal time (T) and space (X) coordinates
inside and outside the horizon
\begin{eqnarray}
T_{\texttt{in}}&=& \sqrt{1- 2\kappa  r} ~ e^{\kappa r}\cosh{(\kappa
t_{\texttt{in}})},~~~~~~~~X_{\texttt{in}}= \sqrt{1- 2 \kappa  r} ~ e^{\kappa r }\sinh{(\kappa t_{\texttt{in}})},\nonumber\\
T_{\texttt{out}}&=& \sqrt{2 \kappa r -1 } ~ e^{\kappa r}\sinh{(\kappa
t_{\texttt{out}})},~~~~~X_{\texttt{out}}= \sqrt{2 \kappa r -1} ~ e^{\kappa r} \cosh{(\kappa
t_{out})},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\kappa=\frac{f'(r_H)}{2}$ is the surface gravity of the black
hole. The inside ($T_{\texttt{in}},X_{\texttt{in}}$) and outside
($T_{\texttt{out}},X_{\texttt{out}}$) coordinates can be connected
by the following transformation
\begin{eqnarray}
t_{\texttt{in}}=t_{\texttt{out}}+\frac{i\pi}{2\kappa}.
\end{eqnarray}
Thus, on crossing the horizon the time part picks up an imaginary part.
This temporal contribution plays an important role in determining the
correct Hawking temperature for black holes in the tunneling
method \cite{time}. Under this transformation the inside and outside
modes of the scalar field (\ref{solution}) are connected by
\begin{equation}\label{transf}
\phi_{\texttt{in}}^{\texttt{R}}= \exp{ \left[-\frac{\pi\omega}{\hbar\kappa} \left (1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}} \right) \right]}
\phi_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{R}}~,~~~~~~~
\phi_{\texttt{in}}^{\texttt{L}} = \phi_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{L}}.
\end{equation}
Here $\texttt{in,out}$ means modes inside/outside the horizon and $\texttt{R,L}$ indicate modes moving to the right/left
(away/toward $r=0$). We now review the parts of the derivation of the spectrum \cite{blackbody} that will be
important to showing that to all orders in $\hbar$ the spectrum still remains thermal.
Consider the physical state with $n$ non-interacting virtual
pairs created inside the black hole. When observed from outside, this state is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
|\Psi\rangle=N\sum_n|n_{\texttt{in}}^{\texttt{L}}\rangle\otimes|n_{\texttt{in}}^{\texttt{R}}\rangle
=N\sum_n \exp{ \left[-\frac{n \pi\omega}{\hbar\kappa} \left (1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}}
\right) \right]}|n_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{L}}\rangle\otimes|n_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{R}}\rangle\
\end{eqnarray}
where $N$ is the normalization constant and
$|n^{\texttt{L(R)}}\rangle$ represents $n$ number of the left(right)-moving mode. In the above expression, we have used the relations
(\ref{transf}). $N$ can be determined from the normalization
condition, which leads to
\begin{equation}
N= \sqrt{1 \mp \exp \left[ {-\frac{2\pi\omega}{\hbar\kappa} \left( 1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}} \right)} \right] }
\end{equation}
where the $-$ ($+$) sign is for bosons (fermions). One can define the density matrix operator for
the system as
\begin{eqnarray}
&~& \rho_{\texttt{boson, fermion}} = |\Psi\rangle_{(\texttt{boson,fermion})}\langle\Psi|_{(\texttt{boson,fermion})}\nonumber\\
&=& \left[ 1 \mp e^{-\frac{2\pi\omega}{\hbar\kappa} \left( 1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}} \right) } \right]
\sum_{m,n}e^{-\frac{(n+m)\pi\omega}{\hbar\kappa} \left( 1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}} \right) }
|n_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{L}}\rangle\otimes|n_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{R}}\rangle\langle
m_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{R}}|\otimes\langle
m_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{L}}|.
\end{eqnarray}
It should be stressed that the left-moving modes are going in the direction of $r=0$ and thus
they are not observed by an outside observer. Therefore, one can trace out the left-moving modes,
giving the density matrix operator for the right-moving modes as
\begin{equation}
\rho^{\texttt{R}}_{\texttt{boson,fermion}}= \left( 1 \mp e^{-\frac{2\pi\omega}{\hbar\kappa}
\left( 1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}} \right) } \right)
\sum_{n}e^{-\frac{2n\pi\omega}{\hbar\kappa} \left( 1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}} \right) }|n_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{R}}\rangle\langle
n_{\texttt{out}}^{\texttt{R}}|.
\end{equation}
From this one can immediately get the average number of
particles detected at asymptotic infinity
\begin{equation}
\label{n-spectrum}
\langle
n\rangle_{(\texttt{boson,fermion})}=\texttt{trace} \left( \hat{n}\hat{\rho}^{\texttt{R}}_{(\texttt{boson,fermion})} \right)
=\frac{1}{e^{\frac{2\pi\omega}{\hbar\kappa} \left( 1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}} \right)} \mp 1}.
\end{equation}
This result is the Bose-Einstein distribution (for $-$ sign) or Fermi-Dirac distribution (for $+$ sign).
Both these distributions correspond to a blackbody spectrum with a
corrected Hawking temperature given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{corrected Hawking temperature}
T=\frac{\hbar\kappa}{2\pi}\left(1+\sum_j\frac{\alpha_j\hbar^j}{r_H^{2j}}\right)^{-1}.
\end{eqnarray}
In this expression $\frac{\hbar\kappa}{2\pi}$ is
the semi--classical Hawking temperature, $T_H$, and the other terms are
higher order quantum corrections.

We now give an alternative derivation of the quantum corrected temperature in
terms of the tunneling rate, $\Gamma$, since this will be important
for the next section when we make a connection between $\Gamma$ and the
change in entropy. The tunneling rate can be written as
$\Gamma=\frac{P^{\texttt{R}}}{P^{\texttt{L}}}$, where $P^{\texttt{R,L}}$
are the probabilities of the right/left-moving modes to cross the horizon.
From equation (\ref{transf}) one finds
\begin{equation}
P^{\texttt{R}} = | \phi ^{\texttt{R}} _{\texttt{in}} |^2 =
\left| \exp \left[-\frac{\pi \omega}{\hbar \kappa} \left(1 + \sum_j \frac{\alpha _j \hbar ^j}{r^{2j}_H} \right) \right]
\phi ^{\texttt{R}} _{\texttt{out}} \right| ^2 =
 \exp \left[-\frac{2\pi \omega}{\hbar \kappa} \left(1 + \sum_j \frac{\alpha _j \hbar ^j}{r^{2j}_H} \right) \right]~,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
P^{\texttt{L}} = | \phi ^{\texttt{L}} _{\texttt{in}} |^2 = | \phi ^{\texttt{L}} _{\texttt{out}} |^2 =1~.
\end{equation}
This result for $P^{\texttt{L}}$ shows that with probability $1$ left-moving modes cross the horizon, while
the result for $P^{\texttt{R}}$ gives the probability that modes tunneling out from behind the horizon. Combining
these results and equating the tunneling rate, $\Gamma$, with the Boltzmann distribution, i.e. $e^{\frac{\omega}{T}}$,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{gamma}
\Gamma=\frac{P^{\texttt{R}}}{P^{\texttt{L}}} =
\exp \left[-\frac{2\pi \omega}{\hbar \kappa} \left(1 + \sum_j \frac{\alpha _j \hbar ^j}{r^{2j}_H} \right) \right] =
e^{-\frac{\omega}{T}}~,
\end{eqnarray}
one can again recover the result for the corrected temperature (\ref{corrected Hawking temperature}).

Although the coefficients, $\alpha _j$, are undetermined there are still two important
conclusions one can draw from the results in equations (\ref{n-spectrum}) and
(\ref{corrected Hawking temperature}): (i) The spectrum is still thermal to all orders of $\hbar$.
Thus, the information loss paradox is not resolved by higher order corrections
in $\hbar$ to any order. Note the difference with the Schwinger effect were it is possible to
calculate the decay amplitude to all orders and one finds there that the spectrum for
charge creation in a strong electric field is non-thermal. (ii) In the lowest order one finds that the temperature diverges
as the black hole evaporates, i.e. $T \rightarrow \infty$ as $M \rightarrow 0$. Taking into account the
quantum corrections (and using $\kappa = \frac{1}{4 M}$ and $r_H =2 M$) the temperature in equation (\ref{corrected Hawking temperature}) becomes
$$
T = \frac{\hbar}{8 \pi \left( M + \frac{\alpha _1 \hbar}{4M} + \frac{\alpha _2 \hbar ^2}{16M^3}+...\right) }.
$$
Taking into account the correction to the temperature up to the first quantum correction (i.e.
$\frac{\alpha _1 \hbar}{4M}$ term) one sees that the denominator goes to $\infty$ as
$M \rightarrow 0$, so now $T \rightarrow 0$ as $M \rightarrow 0$. Thus the generic first order quantum correction
appears to modify the lowest order divergence of the temperature as $M \rightarrow 0$. (In the case when $\alpha _1 <0$
there is still some finite $M$ -- i.e. $M= \sqrt{-\alpha _1 \hbar /4}$ -- where $T$ diverges as can be seen from
figure \ref{tb}). Including higher order quantum corrections would appear to also always lead to a zero temperature
as $M \rightarrow 0$. However there are cases -- such as if the $\alpha _i$'s alternate in sign -- when this
result of a zero temperature in the limit $M \rightarrow 0$ is not always the result. In the next section
when we discuss the entropy we will find that in order to have a well behaved entropy as $M \rightarrow 0$
we need to have $\alpha _i$'s which alternate in sign. Thus the apparent nice behavior of the temperature
as $M \rightarrow 0$ is not guaranteed. This point will be discussed further in the next section.

\section{Back reaction and entropy conservation}

In the last section we found that quantum corrections to any order do not resolve the
information paradox but they do tend to make the temperature go to zero, rather than
diverging, as the mass of the black hole is evaporated away to zero.
We now turn to back reaction effects. The tunneling approach
allows one to take into account the effect of the emission of the Hawking
radiation of the horizon in a simple manner using energy conservation \cite{Wilczek}.
Here we combine the back reaction effects along with the $\hbar$
corrections from the previous section to show that it is {\it possible}
under specific conditions to resolve the information paradox.

One can find an expression to all orders in $\hbar$ for the entropy by integrating the first law of thermodynamics, namely
$dM = T dS$ where $M$ is the initial mass of the black hole, $T$ is temperature and
$S$ is entropy. Thus, $S = \int \frac{dM}{T}$ which upon substituting the expression for the
modified temperature from equation (\ref{corrected Hawking temperature}) gives the modified entropy as a function of $M$
\begin{equation}
\label{entropy-corrected}
S (M)  = \frac{4 \pi}{\hbar} M^2 + \pi \alpha _1 \ln \left( \frac{M^2}{\hbar} \right)
- \pi \sum _{j=1} ^\infty \frac{ \alpha_{j+1}}{4^j j} \left( \frac{\hbar}{M^2} \right) ^j.
\end{equation}
Now in general as $M \rightarrow 0$ this corrected expression for $S$ diverges unless
all $\alpha _j =0$ in which case $S\rightarrow 0$. This has led to the idea that the black hole
evaporation will stop with a black hole ``remnant" of some undetermined mass $m_R$ \cite{remnant}. Here we would like to
point out another possibility. We impose the condition that the unknown $\alpha_j$'s take values
that allow $S \rightarrow 0$ as $M \rightarrow 0$. This condition can be met by setting
\begin{equation}
\label{alpha}
\alpha _{j+1} = \alpha _1 (-4)^j ~~ \text{for} ~~ j=1,2,3... ~~.
\end{equation}
Employing this condition, the sum in equation (\ref{entropy-corrected}), i.e. the third term,
becomes equal to $+\alpha _1 \pi \ln (1 + \hbar/M^2)$ and the entropy now reads
\begin{equation}
\label{entropy-corrected2}
S (M)  = \frac{4 \pi}{\hbar} M^2 + \pi \alpha _1 \ln \left( 1 + \frac{M^2}{\hbar} \right)~.
\end{equation}
It is easily seen that for $M \rightarrow 0$ the entropy tends to zero, i.e. $S \rightarrow 0$.
The behavior of entropy $S(M)$ versus black hole mass $M$
have been shown in figure \ref{entropy}. Strictly the identification of the sum in equation (\ref{entropy-corrected})
with $\alpha _1 \pi \ln (1 + \hbar/ M^2)$ is only valid for $\sqrt{\hbar} < M$, i.e. when the
mass, $M$, is larger than the Planck mass. However we can use analytic continuation to define the sum via
$\alpha _1 \pi \ln (1 + \hbar/M^2)$ even for $\sqrt{\hbar} > M$. This is analogous to the
trick in String Theory \cite{zwiebach} where the sum $\sum _{j=1} ^\infty j$ is defined as $\zeta (-1) = -1/12$
using analytic continuation of the zeta function $\zeta (s) = \sum _{n=1} ^\infty n^{-s}$. Although the choice
of $\alpha_j$'s in equation (\ref{alpha}) is done by hand, one can view this in the following way: When a consistent theory
of quantum gravity is found it should give the full expression for $S(M)$. For example, Loop Quantum Gravity
gives $\alpha _1 = - 1/2$ \cite{meissner}. By setting the physical condition that $S (M=0) \rightarrow 0$
we find what the $\alpha _j$'s from a complete theory of quantum gravity should be. This is in some sense
``looking at the back of the book for the answer". One can ask how unique is the choice in equation (\ref{alpha})? Are there
other choices which would yield $S (M=0) \rightarrow 0$? As far as we have been able to determine there are no other choices
of $\alpha _j$'s that would give $S (M=0) \rightarrow 0$, but for the time being we can not provide a formal proof.
In regard to the temperature the choice of $\alpha _j$'s in equation (\ref{alpha}) leads to a geometric series
and $T$ takes on the following form
\begin{equation}
\label{temperature}
T=\frac{\hbar}{8 \pi \left( M + \frac{\alpha_1 \hbar M}{4(\hbar +M^2 )} \right)}~.
\end{equation}
If $\alpha _1$ is independent of $M$ then as $M \rightarrow 0$ one has $T \rightarrow \infty$. By allowing
$\alpha _1$ to depend on $M$ one can have both a finite entropy and temperature as $M \rightarrow 0$. One
example of this is the choice
\begin{equation}
\label{alpha1}
\alpha_1 = K \frac{\hbar + M^2}{M^2 + \sqrt{\hbar} M}
\end{equation}
where $K$ is a dimensionless constant. The particular combination of $M$ and $\hbar$ is required to make
$\alpha _1$ dimensionless. This choice of $\alpha _1$ gives temperature and entropy of the form
\begin{equation}
\label{ts1}
T=\frac{\hbar}{8 \pi \left( M + \frac{K \hbar}{4(\sqrt{\hbar} +M )} \right)}~ ~ ~ ~  , ~ ~ ~ ~
S= \frac{4 \pi M^2}{\hbar} + 2 \pi K \ln \left( 1 + \frac{M}{\sqrt{\hbar}} \right)~.
\end{equation}
This expression for the entropy is essentially the same as in (\ref{entropy-corrected2}) with $\alpha _1 \rightarrow
2 K$ and $M^2/\hbar \rightarrow M/\sqrt{\hbar}$ inside the logarithm. For the temperature given above
we find $T \rightarrow \sqrt{\hbar}/2 \pi K$ as $M \rightarrow 0$. In the following we will simply take $\alpha _1$ to be
independent of $M$ and $\hbar$ since to address the information loss puzzle we only need the entropy to take
the form given in (\ref{entropy-corrected2}) or (\ref{ts1}) which happens whether we pick $\alpha _1$ as in
(\ref{alpha1}) or let $\alpha _1$ be independent of $M$ and $\hbar$. In figures (\ref{entropy}) and
(\ref{temp}) we show the behavior of the entropy and temperature for both positive and negative $\alpha _1$. The
dashed line is the lowest order result; the dotted line is the lowest order plus first order quantum correction;
the dashed line is the all orders results for our particular choice of $\alpha _i$'s.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\alpha_1=-\frac{1}{2}$]{\label{A}\includegraphics[width=8cm]{entropy-1.eps}}
\subfigure[$\alpha_1=\frac{1}{2}$]{\label{B}\includegraphics[width=8cm]{entropy-positive-alpha.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{The entropy $S$ versus the black hole mass $M$. The three curves correspond to the lowest order
entropy (dashed curve), the entropy to the first order correction (dotted curve), and the entropy with quantum corrections
to all orders (solid curve) respectively.}
 \label{entropy}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[$\alpha_1=-\frac{1}{2}$]{\label{ta}\includegraphics[width=8cm]{temp-1.eps}}
\subfigure[$\alpha_1=\frac{1}{2}$]{\label{tb}\includegraphics[width=8cm]{temp-positive-alpha.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{The Hawking temperature $T$ versus the black hole mass $M$. The three curves are corresponding to the lowest order
temperature (dashed curve), the temperature to the first order correction (dotted curve), and the temperature
with quantum corrections to all orders (solid curve) respectively.}
\label{temp}
\end{figure}

We now want to show that the original entropy of the black hole given in equation (\ref{entropy-corrected2}) can be
completely carried away by the emitted radiation when specific conditions are satisfied.
Thus, the entropy is conserved which implies a unitary evolution
and thus under specific conditions gives a possible resolution to the information loss paradox. To begin we look at the connection
between  the tunneling rate (\ref{gamma}) and the change in entropy as given in \cite{Wilczek}
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{entropy change2}
\Gamma =e^{\Delta S}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Delta S=S(M-\omega)-S(M)$ is the entropy change during the tunneling
process when the black hole mass goes from $M$ to $M-\omega$ due to the emission of a field quantum
of energy $\omega$. Using (\ref{entropy-corrected2}) one finds the following
expression for $\Delta S$
\begin{equation}
\label{DeltaS}
\Delta S=-\frac{8\pi}{\hbar}\omega \left( M-\frac{\omega}{2} \right)
+ \pi\alpha_1 \ln \left[ \frac{1+ (M-\omega)^2 / \hbar}{1+  M ^2 / \hbar} \right].
\end{equation}
Now combining equations (\ref{entropy change2}) and (\ref{DeltaS}), the corrected tunneling rate takes the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{tunneling}
\Gamma (M; \omega)= \left( \frac{1+ (M-\omega)^2 / \hbar}{1+  M ^2 / \hbar}\right)^{\pi\alpha_1}\exp{\left[-\frac{8\pi}{\hbar}\omega
\left(M-\frac{\omega}{2} \right) \right]} .
\end{eqnarray}
The term $\exp{\left[-\frac{8\pi}{\hbar}\omega
\left(M-\frac{\omega}{2} \right) \right]}$ represents the result of back reaction
on the tunneling rate while the term to the power $\pi \alpha_1$ represents the
quantum corrections to all orders. Even in the classical limit, i.e. setting
$\pi \alpha_1 =0$, there is a deviation from a thermal spectrum
due to the $\omega ^2$ term in the exponent.

We now find the connection between the tunneling rate (\ref{tunneling}) and the entropy of
the emitted radiation, $S_{rad}$. Assuming that the black hole mass is completely radiated away
we have the relationship $M=\omega_1 + \omega_2 +...+ \omega _n = \sum _{j=1} ^n \omega _j$ between the mass of the black hole
and the energy, $\omega_j$, of the emitted field quanta. The probability for this radiation to occur is
given by the following product of $\Gamma$'s which are defined in equation (\ref{tunneling}) \cite{information2}
\begin{equation}
\label{probability}
P _{rad} = \Gamma (M; \omega_1) \times \Gamma (M-\omega_1 ; \omega _2) \times ... \times
\Gamma \left( M- \sum _{j=1} ^{n-1} \omega _j ; \omega _n \right)
\end{equation}
where the probability of emission of the individual field quanta of energy $\omega _j$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{probability2}
\Gamma (M; \omega_1) &=& \left( \frac{1+ (M-\omega_1)^2 / \hbar}{1+ M ^2 / \hbar}\right)^{\pi\alpha_1}\exp{\left[-\frac{8\pi}{\hbar}\omega_1
\left(M-\frac{\omega_1}{2} \right) \right]} ~, \nonumber \\
\Gamma (M-\omega_1; \omega_2) &=& \left( \frac{1+  (M-\omega_1 -\omega_2)^2 / \hbar}{1+  (M-\omega_1) ^2 / \hbar}\right)^{\pi\alpha_1}
\exp{\left[-\frac{8\pi}{\hbar}\omega_2  \left(M -\omega_1 - \frac{\omega_2}{2} \right) \right]} ~, \nonumber \\
&\,& \nonumber \\
&&..... ~, \\
&\,& \nonumber \\
\Gamma \left( M- \sum _{j=1} ^ {n-1} \omega_j; \omega_n \right) &=&
\left( \frac{1+ (M- \sum _{j=1} ^ {n-1} \omega_j -\omega_n)^2 / \hbar}{1+  (M-\sum _{j=1} ^ {n-1} \omega_j ) ^2 / \hbar}\right)^{\pi\alpha_1}
\exp{\left[-\frac{8\pi}{\hbar}\omega_n  \left(M - \sum _{j=1} ^ {n-1} \omega_j - \frac{\omega_n}{2} \right) \right]} \nonumber \\
&=& \left( \frac{1}{1+ (M-\sum _{j=1} ^ {n-1} \omega_j ) ^2 / \hbar}\right)^{\pi\alpha_1} \exp( -4 \pi  \omega _n ^2 / \hbar) ~. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The $\Gamma$'s of the form $\Gamma (M-\omega_1 -\omega_2-...-\omega_{j-1} ; \omega_j)$ represent the probability for the
emission of a field quantum of energy $\omega _j$ with the condition that first field quanta of energy $\omega_1 + \omega_2+...+\omega_{j-1}$
have been emitted.

Now using (\ref{probability2}) in equation (\ref{probability}) we find the total probability for the radiation process described above
\begin{equation}
\label{probability3}
P_{rad} = \left( \frac{1}{1+ M ^2 / \hbar}\right)^{\pi\alpha_1} \exp( -  4\pi M ^2 / \hbar) ~.
\end{equation}
The black hole mass could also have been radiated away by a different sequence of field quanta energies e.g.
first $\omega_2$ is emitted and then other field quanta are emitted in the following order $\omega_2 +\omega_1+...+\omega_{n-1} + \omega_n$.
Assuming each of these different processes has the same probability one can count the number of
microstates, $\Omega$, for the above process as $\Omega = 1/P_{rad}$. Then using the
Boltzmann definition of entropy as the natural logarithm of the number of microstates we have
\begin{equation}
\label{rad-entropy}
S_{rad} = \ln (\Omega ) = \ln ( 1/ P_{rad}) = \frac{4 \pi}{\hbar} M^2 + \pi \alpha _1 \ln \left( 1 + \frac{M^2}{\hbar} \right) ~.
\end{equation}
This entropy of the emitted radiation (\ref{rad-entropy}) is identical to the original entropy of the black hole (\ref{entropy-corrected2}), thus
entropy is conserved between the initial (black hole plus no radiation) and final (no black hole plus radiated field quanta) states.
This implies the same number of microstates between the initial and final states and thus unitary evolution.
This then provides a possible resolution of the information paradox when the specific conditions are imposed.

\section{Discussion and Conclusion}

In this article we have used the WKB/tunneling method of calculating Hawking radiation to obtain several
non-trivial results concerning the evaporation of black holes and the information paradox taking into
account both quantum corrections to all orders in $\hbar$ and/or back reaction. In section II we showed that
quantum corrections to all orders in $\hbar$, as parameterized by the unknown $\alpha _j$'s, did not alter the
spectrum -- the spectrum is thermal to all orders in $\hbar$. Thus, quantum corrections alone can not solve
the information loss paradox.

In section III we showed that by taking back reaction and quantum corrections to all orders in $\hbar$ into
account {\it and} assuming some specific form for the quantum corrections (see equation (\ref{alpha})), one could
present a possible resolution for the information loss paradox. In this resolution the black hole completely evaporates, but the entropy
is conserved. The initial quantum corrected formula for the entropy given in equation (\ref{entropy-corrected2}) is equal
to the entropy of the emitted radiation (\ref{rad-entropy}). This conservation of entropy indicates that the initial and
final states have the same number of microstates and thus that the evolution is unitary.

As a final comment we note that our pragmatic choice of $\alpha_j$'s in \eqref{alpha} also
led to well behaved temperature versus mass behavior for the black hole such as given in figure \ref{ta} by the all order
quantum corrections curve (i.e. the solid curve). ``Well behaved" here means that, in contrast to the lowest order Hawking result
(i.e. the dashed curve in figure \ref{ta}) where the temperature diverges as the mass goes to zero, the all order quantum corrections,
with our choice of $\alpha_j$'s, gave a curve which for large mass matched the Hawking result but at some mass reached a maximum
and thereafter decreased to zero as mass went to zero.  This ``well behaved" behavior is similar to that found using the
microcanonical description of Hawking radiation \cite{harms} applied to simple black holes or also the lowest order Hawking radiation
applied non-commutative black holes \cite{nicolini}. Further in the microcanonical description of reference \cite{harms} the total
energy (black hole plus radiation) is conserved and the black completely evaporates in a finite time. Similarly, in our analysis of section III
we found a conservation of entropy (initial black hole entropy equals the entropy of the emitted radiation). Also the black hole
was able to completely evaporate away with the entropy of the initial black hole being converted to entropy of the outgoing radiation.
We hope to explore these similarities in the future with an eye toward finding a firmer motivation for our choice of $\alpha_j$'s in \eqref{alpha}.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (No.10275030) and the Cuiying Programme of Lanzhou
University (225000-582404). The authors would like to thank Dr. Izzet Sakalli for
pointing out the mistake in the expression for the temperature in the original article.
 \end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


What Does The Name Cely Mean?
What Celys Have Visited This Page?
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Can Cely be pronounced multiple ways?
We noticed you have a microphone. If you know how to pronounce Cely, just click the button to record. We'll save it, review it, and post it to help others. Recordings from children under 18 are not allowed.
What does the name Cely mean? Find out below.
A user from South Carolina, United States says the name Cely is of Unknown origin and means "Horse".
William was born in 1973.
Nathalie was born on December 28th, 1965 in Portoviejo. Nathalie is also known as Cely Suárez and Nathalie.
Damien was born on April 13th, 1989.
Where is the name Cely popular?
The map shows the absolute popularity of the name Cely as a last name in each of the states. See other popular names in South Carolina, Texas, or Florida.
How Popular is the name Cely? Cely is the 83,712th most popular name of all time. As a last name Cely was the 70,208th most popular name in 2010.
How many people with the first name Cely have been born in the United States? From 1880 to 2017, the Social Security Administration has recorded 5 babies born with the first name Cely in the United States.
What year were 5 or more babies first named Cely? The name was first given to 5 or more babies in the year 2008 when it was given as a first name to 5 new born babies.
When was Cely first recorded in the United States? The oldest recorded birth by the Social Security Administration for the first name Cely is Saturday, March 15th, 1884.
What year had the most people named Cely born? The highest recorded use of the first name Cely was in 2008 with a total of 5 babies.
Weird things about the name Cely: Your name in reverse order is Ylec. A random rearrangement of the letters in your name (anagram) will give Lyce. How do you pronounce that?
How many people have the last name Cely? In 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau surveyed 279 people with the last name Cely.
How likely are you to meet someone with the last name of Cely? Chances are, most people haven't met someone with Cely as their last name since less than 1 person in 1.1m people have that last name. If you know one, consider yourself lucky!


text:
Girls wrestling shut out by OPRF, clobbers GW in bounce-back victory
/ Sports / By Lindsay Stevenson
AT girls wrestling defeated Glenbard West by a score of 30-12 on Jan. 5, bouncing back just minutes after being shut out by Oak Park River Forest (OPRF) 39-0.
The win came after the Blazers achieved pins at five of their seven spots and succeeded tremendously in getting out of the bottom stance.
"That's the kind of character we were hoping for," said Coach Steve Holland after the match. "I thought we looked pretty good."
Despite dominating against Glenbard West, AT's meet started out with little success. The meet, a truel between Glenbard West, OPRF, and AT, was commanded by OPRF, who nearly swept Glenbard West and swept the Blazers, pinning five of their six girls. Only freshman Nina Matthews was able to escape the pin, losing by a score of 14-11 after the third period.
Several Blazers put up an effort that they felt was a personal best despite being pinned. Wrestlers such as AT senior Stephany Mondragon, who dominated for the first two periods before being pinned in the third, gave OPRF a tough fight.
"I didn't feel discouraged," she said. "As an athlete, no matter how bad the outcome is, I always look for improvement. I reflect on my mistakes from the experience and become better. I was proud of myself that I definitely put up a battle and was able to compete at their level."
"We didn't do bad. They're [OPRF] probably the top team in the state if I'm being honest," said Holland. "We had a lot of close matches. We can definitely get to that level," he added.
Assistant coach Jerry Kelly encouraged his team to bounce back and dominate during their second match.
"I want attitude this time, this is character building," he said. "Let's get the job done this time around," he said.
Although Glenbard West struck first early on, winning its matchup against AT at the first weight class, Matthews pinned her opponent during the second period of her match, winning AT's first six points of the night and bringing the sidelines and crowd to life.
Two more pins followed, including a pin by Mondragon after multiple takedowns.
"I felt a rush of excitement going through my body," she said. "Not only was I proud of myself, I was proud of my teammates. Seeing each of us working hard and applying techniques we learn in practice definitely shows the results on the mat."
Other impressive feats came from sophomore JD Quijano Perez, who completely turned the tides in her match after being held down by her opponent. Quijano Perez was able to get up and take down her opponent, pinning her for the win, and subsequently writing up the crowd. Her pin put the stamp on AT's win, finalizing their 30-12 victory.
Holland took pride in the way his girls demonstrated drive and motivation
"We saw the fight. You can't teach that," said Holland.
Holland also acknowledged how important the opportunity to compete in a second match during meets was for the girls.
"The great thing about wrestling is that there's not just always tomorrow, there's always another match," he said.
The girls have upcoming meets against conference rivals Morton and Willowbrook. Holland discussed the team's plans to improve before these big duels, saying that the goal is to increase his team's willingness to take shots at the opponents.
"We take a lot of shots in practice," he said. "What we see in practice we need to start seeing out here," he said.
AT will look to defeat the Morton Mustangs on Jan 21.
Lindsay Stevenson
https://athstorch.com/author/lstevenson/
Special education teacher Dawn Tyler retires
Spanish teacher Megan Salgado retires
Late work buildup hits students and staff
Transgender athlete debate full of innocence

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
VHS Camcorder v1.6.3 APK (Full Version) Download for Android
November 17, 2021 November 8, 2021
Home » Tools » Photography
Vhs Camcorder MOD
Even though the technology of photography and the art of recording has evolved to a new level, people will still look for nostalgic and classics styles to capture memorable moments. Classic photography art is one of the best styles and is best suited to capture memories. It brings us memories and complex emotions every time we see classic things. Human emotions are complicated, and with just a few familiar things, people will immediately immerse themselves in a world of their own. Because classic photography art is no longer accessible, users have to look to photography apps that change the style of videos and photos. One of the applications that can do that is VHS Camcorder, an application that gives users a retro style and experience that has been common since the 80s.
Simply designed interface
VHS Camcorder is an application that helps people creates a classic, retro-style effect, and so it has a specially designed interface, innovative, and attractive to users. Yes, its interface is similar to an analog camera, with simple operation buttons, instead of the touch buttons commonly found in modern photographers. Users will be limited to many options, similar to an older camera, but it offers an authentic, familiar, and retro experience for users to enjoy. The application impresses users with its features, but the new interface is the first thing that makes users love and want to experience it immediately.
The basic features of the application automatically apply filters, effects, lighting, and more to create a retro photo. Users can self-edit, and the application will provide a large number of effects for users. In the camera settings, other features will be displayed, and the app not only captures VHS images but can also create Glitch effects that are currently popular. Users can change user settings through the camera interface, and it acts as a shortcut for users to change the style of photos or videos. Almost all videos from the 1980s always have a date record in a corner, and it is also a feature that users can add to photos or videos. Everything, such as lighting, blur, resolution, image quality, etc., will be set automatically for users to create authentic retro photos and videos.
VHS Editor
VHS Camcorder not only lets users take photos and record in retro style, but it does also let users editing photos. Yes, the application has image editing features with professional editing features, which help users to create a retro photo in a short time. The application is not only simple to use, but it also has features to easily manipulate and apply to all photos or videos of users. Everything that users need in editing and creating a retro video or image, this application will have it all and promises to bring users more attractive features in the future.
Besides, during recording, users can create screen vibration effects by merely shaking the screen or using their fingers. The application will have many simple features to optimize the balance of the device, thereby helping users to create more vivid and impressive videos with manual recording.
Vhs Camcorder MOD v1.6.3
TiviMate IPTV Player v4.0.0 APK + MOD (Premium Unlocked) Download
FL Studio Mobile v3.6.17 APK + OBB (Full Patched) Download for Andorid


text:
Transforming neuroscience
Guided by science and driven to improve patients' lives, our research and development efforts concentrate on some of the most challenging neurodegenerative diseases of our time.
Gaining insight through clinical trials
Biogen conducts clinical trials to assess new treatments and to investigate potential new uses and benefits for existing therapies.
Clinical trials by Biogen
View clinical trials being conducted by Biogen
Investigators interested in research opportunities
Learn about available research programs for investigators
Visit our corporate website
Learn more about clinical trials
Find out more about our approach to clinical trials
Dedicated to new discoveries
Our pipeline is more than a list of medicines in development. It reflects the work we do here every day to break new ground with science that makes a difference in the lives of patients.
See full pipeline
We apply innovative approaches, leading-edge science and world-class technical capabilities to our pursuit of medicines that improve the lives of patients.
Working together to drive innovation and discovery
Biogen is continuously working to form new alliances, partnerships and collaborations to accelerate the discovery of new targets and help deliver new therapies.
Learn about collaborations


Do you think she's going to help Steven save Earth?
They're all out of ideas.
I'm sure next week's episode will more than make up for the chillness we received last week.
A fan made a lovely looping version of Escapism! So if you've been looking to seamlessly play the song over and over, here you go!
Description: Jack journeys to the shores of an abandoned beach town in search of four wise women whom he believes can aid him in his quest to return to his home time.


Most of us are aware we're supposed to brush and floss our teeth regularly.
We see the toothpaste ads and hear our dentists and hygienists talk about the importance of dental homecare.
And yet, not everyone heeds the advice.
Some people forget to floss on a daily basis. Others don't brush as long or as often as they should because they're in such a hurry.
And there are some who simply don't see the importance of dental homecare. They don't have any dental issues, so they don't think the need for regular brushing and flossing is really important.
While dental issues might not manifest immediately, down the road they will. And in the meantime, the lack of proper homecare can lead to other serious health problems.
Today, we're going to explain the link between gum disease and your overall health. Our hope is seeing the connection will help you see the importance of brushing and flossing goes way beyond trying to prevent cavities.
So far, periodontal disease has been linked to the following five diseases. Studies are still being done, though, to determine whether gum disease is a contributing factor in other serious health conditions.
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease. The antibodies in the bacteria can cause inflammation throughout the body, including the heart.
This is one of the first diseases linked to gum disease because of the prevalence of heart attack patients with gum disease.
When gum disease is remedied, the risk of developing heart disease is reduced. This means regular, daily, proper homecare, is one of the steps you can take to reduce your risk of heart disease.
Periodontal bacteria can end up in the blood stream. In turn, it can have an effect on clots in the blood and lead to a stroke. "While it's still not clear why this happens, the link between stroke and this disease is quite strong" explains Dentrix Dental Care.
Patients with gum disease have a higher concentration of bacteria in their mouth. If they happen to aspirate mucus or saliva, the bacteria can end up in the lungs and lead to a lung infection.
Severe gum disease can increase your blood sugar levels. If you're pre-diabetic, this can push you into full-blown diabetes. If you are already diabetic, it can lead to certain complications, like succumbing to infections.
Back in 2016, the results of a study were released linking Alzheimer's with periodontal disease. The study showed people with early stages of Alzheimer's had greater incidence of gum disease.
Antibodies in periodontal bacteria cause inflammation throughout the body, which might contribute to Alzheimer's and accelerate its progression.
Periodontal disease is one of the leading causes of tooth loss.
How can this disease lead to the loss of teeth?
We all start off with healthy, pink, firm gums. To keep them this way, we need to brush and floss regularly – this means daily. We need to floss once a day and brush at least twice, preferably after every meal.
If we don't practice good homecare, the bacteria-filled plaque grows on our teeth will accumulate.
"Our sensitive gums don't respond well to plaque and bacteria" states All In One Dental.
They become inflamed and tender, and can bleed when we brush and floss. This is the first phase of gum disease.
As the disease progresses, the bone, ligaments, and bone begin to recede away from the tooth. The teeth end up becoming loose and may eventually need to be extracted.
In addition to brushing and flossing on a daily basis, another way to protect your health is with regular visits to your dentist.
When patients come in our office for their three, four, six month periodontal supportive cleanings our goal is to make sure they are on track and healthy. These cleanings are very important for the patient's oral and systemic health.
Regular dental cleanings remove the plaque and tartar which patients can't remove on their own. Tartar is plaque which has calcified and it can't be removed with a toothbrush or floss. There might also be plaque and tartar under the gumline which is difficult to remove at home.
Removing these deposits regularly helps prevent periodontal disease. And our periodontists can arrest the disease if a patient already has it.
With the combination of daily home care and twice yearly dental cleanings, you can combat decay, periodontal disease, and even prevent more serious health conditions.


Fusshoeller and Levitz have received awards and commendations for their website, YubaNet, used by radio stations, law enforcement agencies and private citizens for the latest news on wildfires that often flare in the Sierra foothills in the summer.
On Oct. 8, Fusshoeller was pulled over by the California Highway Patrol, accused of rolling through a stop sign near North Bloomfield Road and Highway 49. In addition to the traffic infraction, she was booked on suspicion of giving false information to police, driving without a license, resisting arrest and false impersonation. The last allegation is a felony, and the Nevada County Sheriff's Office t advises immigration officials whenever an undocumented resident commits such a crime, according to sheriff's Capt. Jeff Pettitt. She has not been charged with any crimes.
Gov. Jerry Brown recently signed legislation allowing local law enforcement to notify the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement only in cases involving serious criminal acts, but Assembly Bill 4 does not take effect until Jan. 1.
ICE took Fusshoeller into federal custody last Friday and ordered her deported based on the visa waiver she signed forfeiting her rights "to contest any action for deportation except to apply for asylum," according to the deportation order signed by Mike Vaughn, assistant field director for ICE in Sacramento.
ICE officials were unavailable for comment because of the federal shutdown.
Fusshoeller's marriage could take some time to process and legalize her, and overstaying her visa waiver could be used against her, Kevin Johnson said.


Thank you for your strong support for impeaching President Donald Trump, including your co-sponsorship of Rep. Steve Cohen's H.R. Bill 621 in the last Congress.
We, the leadership group of Alameda4Impeachment, are writing now to urge you to write a letter to House Judiciary Chair Jerrold Nadler asking him to begin formal, public hearings in his committee focused on whether to impeach Trump.
The Judiciary Committee hearings should approach the issue of impeachment with an open mind, gather evidence and hear from witnesses. Such hearings, as with the 1973 Watergate hearings, can play a key role in educating the public and persuading them of the necessity of impeachment.
Given what we feel are Trump's ceaseless attacks on the rule of law and fundamental institutions of our democracy, and Department of Justice policy that a sitting President cannot be indicted, it is imperative that Congress fulfill its Constitutional role in our system of checks and balances.
More evidence exists in the public record to begin formal, public impeachment hearings.
We believe Trump engaged in criminal obstruction of justice by firing FBI Director James Comey, an act Trump admitted was because of Comey's refusal to stop investigating former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn as part of the investigation of a possible criminal conspiracy with Russian agents to interfere with the 2016 election.
In our opinion he has violated the Constitution and human rights, by instituting a ban on Muslims travelling to the U.S. and has imprisoned children and babies, forcibly separating them from their parents.
In violation of the First Amendment, Trump has viciously attacked the freedom of the press. In February 2017, he tweeted that the New York Times, ABC, CBS, NBC and CNN were "the enemy of the American people." In October 2017, he suggested that the broadcasting licenses of some news organizations should be revoked.
In violation of the Constitution's separation of powers, Trump has abused his power by attacking judges and U.S. courts for legal decisions with which he disagrees. For instance, he harshly criticized U.S. District Court Judge James Robart for his legal ruling that Trump's Muslim travel ban was unconstitutional.
Since his very first day in office we think that Trump has violated the Article 1, Section 9 Constitutional prohibition on U.S. officials receiving money or gifts from foreign governments. Likewise, Trump may have violated the Article II, Section 1 prohibition on officials receiving money or gifts from the U.S. or any state government. This alleged open and blatant corruption by the President must not be tolerated.
As a member of Congress, you swore an oath to "support and defend" the Constitution. Please uphold your oath of office by urging Rep. Nadler to begin public impeachment hearings.


text:
Public and the private sectors, along with philanthropic efforts, are coming together to find creative approaches to the complicated housing puzzle in Central Oregon and throughout the state.
Bend is not the only community in Oregon where civic leaders and public officials are scratching their heads in search of solutions to the lack of affordable housing.
"Affordable housing is the number one topic around the state," said Kenny LaPoint with Oregon Housing and Community Services, the state agency charged with providing stable and affordable housing.
As LaPoint travels around Oregon he said it's in the forefront of every conversation. "Every interest group wants to hear what's going on to address the housing crisis."
Rising residential rents in Bend and escalating home prices are affecting all income levels, but high housing costs are particularly acute for low-income people. Some reports put the Bend residential vacancy rate at less than one percent. According to LaPoint the vacancy rate in many Oregon communities hovers at less than two percent.
"Bend was the precursor of what was about to happen to the rest of the state," LaPoint said referring to the rapid rise in rents shutting out many families from the rental market.
The Oregon Housing Alliance compiles data for each Oregon county. It reports that in Deschutes County the average annual income needed to rent a two-bedroom apartment is $32,120. A Redmond bank teller's average annual income is $26,776. In Crook County an annual income of $27,120 is necessary to secure a two-bedroom residence. A fast food cook makes $20,650 a year in Prineville. To rent a two-bedroom apartment In Jefferson County, an annual income of $25,480 is required. A Madras home health aide's yearly wages are $22,585.
There are many players in the affordable housing field and they all contribute a piece to the extremely complicated puzzle of creating housing in Oregon. Those entities include foundations, nonprofits, government, banks and private developers.
Philanthropic efforts
Meyer Memorial Trust is leading the philanthropic effort to find creative approaches to the housing crisis in Oregon.
"We can't build our way out of this crisis," said Doug Stamm the CEO of Meyer. Instead, he said Meyer is taking a multi-pronged approach. It will restructure its grants and loan programs plus convene cross-sector groups to brainstorm ideas for removing barriers to building more affordable housing as well as ways to preserve existing housing stock. When Meyer convenes these groups it will promote their findings and ensure that their reports and best practices are effectively shared across the state.
"This is part of our intentional effort to be much more ingrained in the field than just as a grant maker," explained Stamm.
Oregon Community Foundation's Kathleen Cornett, VP of programs, said her organization is very supportive of Meyer's efforts and is looking to it "for the bigger picture" in finding solutions to housing issues in Oregon.
Cornett said OCF will continue to be part of the solution by providing funding to organizations that build affordable housing like Habitat for Humanity in addition to giving capacity-building grants to groups to increase organizational effectiveness.
For one of Meyer's cross-sector pursuits, it convened individuals from public and private organizations to examine key factors affecting the cost of developing affordable housing. In a follow up to the report issued by the group, Meyer has just released a Request for Proposals (RFP) for grants up to $150,000 to test new cost-efficient approaches to providing more affordable housing in Oregon.
"When we think of our housing investments more generally," added Candy Solovjovs, director of programs for Meyer, "we are very aware that different communities have different challenges related to affordable housing and Portland and Central Oregon have different pressing issues and we want to design something that meets the needs statewide and allows innovations and support throughout Oregon."
Under Meyer's Affordable Housing Initiative, which has three broad goals, it has committed $15 million through 2019 to find answers to Oregon's housing crisis.
The first goal of Meyer's initiative, "Strengthening the Foundation," builds on its previous investments by preserving existing federally rent-subsidized units and rural owner-occupied manufactured homes.
"Fostering Innovation" is the second goal. Meyer will fund efforts that promote cost efficiencies when creating or preserving housing units. It will also support endeavors that promote strategic coordination between housing and other critical service systems and work to expand access to private-market units.
In addition to the current RFP for cost-efficient approaches, Meyer just released the names of nine organizations that received a total of about $900,000 to promote "systems alignment strategies" aimed at better connecting housing and other services/systems to help low-income families and individuals thrive.
Goal three is "Securing the Future." Though advocacy grants, Meyer is encouraging development of resources and policies that will expand affordable housing. It believes that these advocacy efforts will lead to changes in the systems and practices that impede affordable housing development.
Housing Works, Central Oregon's Housing Authority, received an advocacy grant to produce a video about the housing crisis in our area.
"It's excellent and very informative," said Solovjovs about the video. "It explains what some of the drivers are that have contributed to the housing shortage in Central Oregon."
In addition to its Affordable Housing Initiative investments, Meyer will dedicate more grant dollars to strengthen the capacity and reach of Oregon nonprofits working to address the affordable housing crisis.
Public-sector contributions
The City of Bend stands out when it comes to innovative solutions for developing affordable housing. In 2006, the Bend City Council passed the Affordable Housing Fee Ordinance requiring developers to pay a fee of one-third of one percent of permit valuation. That amount was reduced to one-fifth of one percent in 2011 during the Great Recession. Money in the fund is loaned to private and public housing developers at interest rates between zero and 2.5 percent to build affordable housing.
"The council is looking at revising the fee back up to one-third," said Jim Long, the city's affordable housing manager.
After Bend approved the fee ordinance, the Oregon Legislature preempted other municipalities from enacting similar measures. No one interviewed for this story speculated about why Oregon Legislators restricted other cities from offering this innovative financing mechanism, but it is obvious who that decision has benefited—developers.
Long said Bend's Affordable Housing Fund has helped organizations when they compete for tax credits at the state level. "When nonprofits show up with this, it demonstrates a local funding commitment, which makes their application score so much higher."
The federal government allocates tax credits at two levels, four percent and nine percent, to states based on their population and the competition for those coveted tax credits by affordable housing developers is fierce. Banks then invest in housing projects to secure the tax credits. This is how the majority of affordable housing projects are financed.
"If you get a nine percent tax credit through the state, you're golden," said Tom Kemper, executive director at Housing Works. "That will fund 60 to 70 percent of your costs."
Kemper said developing affordable housing is all about financing. "You can only build what you can finance. If you are charging Bend market rents at $1,200 for a two-bedroom apartment, it's easy to make a deal work," he added. "But if you're only charging $600, it's really hard to make a deal work."
Bend's Affordable Housing Fund has leveraged $62.6 million in state and federal dollars and over $14.2 million in private equity according to Long. It has helped fund 615 units that include 76 single-family homes and 539 multi-family units.
This June after much debate, the Bend City Council voted to exempt affordable housing projects from its system development charges (SDCs), the fees imposed on developers to fund infrastructure costs associated with new buildings. Revenue from SDCs can be used for water and road construction, plus parks and recreation programs and projects.
The Bend Park and Recreation District Board denied a request to waive its SDCs to builders of affordable housing in June.
"The board is very concerned about our community's need for affordable housing but its members had questions and concerns regarding how the funds would be allocated to make a meaningful impact and they see the problem as an issue much broader than just housing services for low-income people," said Don Horton, the executive director of the BPRD.
The Bend City Council awarded $750,000 of the one million it authorized in SDC exemptions to five affordable housing projects that will produce 163 units. The remaining $250,000 will be allocated later.
"A SDC can add $16,000 per door to a housing unit," said Kemper. "Before the city approved the waivers, a 100-unit project we were developing blew up because those fees added $1.6 million to the cost of the project."
Presently Housing Works has six housing projects at various stages of development. When completed, 180 units of affordable housing will be added in Central Oregon. Housing Works received SDC waivers for 53 units of the 163 awarded by the city.
Bend also recently increased the allowable density on multi-family construction from 22 units to 33 units per acre to spur affordable housing development.
Private-sector innovation
Tom Kemper wants to bring Portland-based private developer Rob Justus and his group, Home First Development (HFD), to Central Oregon. HFD's model can construct housing for $75,000 to $80,000 per unit, while government-funded housing projects cost around $210,000 per unit. The model does not rely on any type of government support. It doesn't use tax credits or government loans. So how does HFD build housing at such a reduced cost?
Understanding Justus's background will give you a clue to how HFD's model was born. With a master's degree in theology, Justus's first job was as a youth pastor taking people to soup kitchens. He later founded JOIN, a Portland nonprofit serving homeless youth. The motto, "where there's a will, there's a way," fits Justus perfectly.
Dave Carboneau, one of Justus's partners at HFD who had served on JOIN's board, told him creating affordable housing was basically a math question.
"When Dave was a Portland General Electric executive he'd been involved in financing power plants and other complicated projects," said Justus. "He's a math wiz."
The prevailing way developers get paid is by charging a percentage of the total project cost.
"Nobody on our projects get paid by a percentage," Justus emphasized. "We charge a flat fee. In our view, there's an incentive to drive up the cost when you charge a percentage."
Justus said they approach their projects using three levels of affordability. The first is to build in an affordable way. All of their apartments look the same. HFD standardizes its building material and uses the same doors and windows on all its projects. Some construction supplies are purchased from Portland Habilitation Center (PHC) Northwest, a nonprofit that offers training and job opportunities for people with disabilities. Buying products from PHC helps keep costs lower too.
Second, HFD uses durable material like Corian windowsills and granite counter tops reducing operation and maintenance costs. "We build with an eye to the long term to keep our costs down," Justus said.
And third, HFD keeps tenants' costs low. It does that by constructing housing that uses less water and energy. All HFD projects meet high-energy efficiency standards decreasing utility bills.
"Because our overall costs for our projects are less, which means our overall debt service is less, we can keep our rents down," Justus explained.
The partners built their first project, a 47-apartment complex in 2010. "We did it with our own money to prove the model and that we could hit the price point," said Justus.
HFD has built four projects and three are underway, all of which are for nonprofit organizations or churches. When current construction is completed, Portland will have 320 affordable housing units produced using the HFD model.
"The model we've developed lends itself well for rural communities," Justus added, "because land is the variable and it costs less in rural areas than in Portland."
It's clear that solutions to Oregon's housing crisis can only be solved when all the players make their individual contributions in their own unique way. Those contributions appear to be underway.
It will help us all to heed Justus's plea if we want to solve the affordable housing crisis in Oregon: "Anyone who is committed to helping low-income people has be open to being creative and always asking the question, 'How do we get better?' We get caught up in doing things the same way. We need to bring a sense of ingenuity to the work because there are too many people suffering in our state. At the end of the day it needs to be about the people not our systems or our programs."


text:
Volume 26 - Issue 3
Written by Hans Schwarz Reviewed By I. Howard Marshall
For this German Lutheran professor of theology eschatology is 'Christian reflection on the end of our lives and of the world in general'. This scope is broad enough to include both theological thought and secularist futurology which asks what is going to happen to the material world that we know.
An introductory chapter asks whether people still care about the future and argues briefly for the bankruptcy of secular thinking on the matter.
The biblical material is investigated developmentally, looking at views of human destiny, the concept of future judgement by God and the growth of the messianic hope. In the NT attention is centred on the eschatology of Jesus and the Evangelists, Paul and some of the early church writers. This discussion is principally on the coming of the Kingdom and the Messiah. There is some repetition of it in the ensuing survey of modern theologians from A. Ritschl onwards, including figures such as M. Borg and A.A. Hoekema and the expected scholars (C.H. Dodd, O. Cullmann, J. Moltmann and J. Hick), liberation and feminist theologians. It concludes without any attempt at synthesis or evaluation.
The discussion changes key as the author looks at secular understandings of the future from the nineteenth century onwards, noting the views of scientific materialists and evolutionists, the danger of an ecological holocaust and the contributions of philosophers, New Age religion and secular humanism. This is a digression from the main theme of the book, since little account is taken of it later on. What is important here is Schwarz's exposure of the way in which secularists do not take the fact of sin with anything like sufficient seriousness.
In his own contribution to the discussion Schwarz begins with the problem of death which is to be seen as the gateway to the eschaton. He considers the question of immortality, including the evidence of near-death experiences and philosophical considerations, before noting that immortality is a gift of God rather than an innate quality; consequently our only hope for ultimately fulfilment lies in a resurrection hope based on Christ's resurrection. This raises the question of what lies between death and resurrection, which is solved by arguing for the timelessness of the divine sphere.
Schwarz moves on to controversial areas of hope: he firmly rejects what he calls 'travelogue eschatology' with its timetables and sees the concept of a millennium as a 'pastoral comfort'. He discusses the idea of universal salvation sympathetically, concluding that it is something for which we should hope but certainly cannot affirm; in any case people can be saved 'only for Christ's sake' (351). He is more dismissive of purgatory. Finally, he considers 'the new world to come', argues that the signs of the end (like the Antichrist) are being fulfilled now, and the church is called to anticipate the new world proleptically in its own life. He strongly defends the fact of final judgement as the prerequisite to salvation, and says that it has a twofold outcome. There is a brief discussion of heaven and somewhat less of hell.
The reader will learn a lot from this book with encyclopaedic knowledge of Bible, theology and secular thought. Unfortunately it attempts to do too much and leaves the reader dissatisfied. Thus, for example, there is no proper NT basis for the discussion of the post-mortem state. The topics discussed in the biblical section are not those taken up in the later, systematic section. The helpful discussion of futurology doesn't lead to any real consideration of the relationship between secular hopes and possibilities and Christian doctrine. The survey of evangelical positions on the millennium is too brief to be helpful. The nature of hell is virtually untouched, although the very brief statement that the various biblical descriptions contain words 'taken from present negative experiences and attempt to transcend them' (402) maybe says it all. The general outlook of the book is on the conservative and evangelical side, and it is useful to have the perspective of a Contintental theologian of a Lutheran persuasion on a discussion largely been carried on in North America. But what should be the evangelical attitude to universal homecoming? I have always believed that there will be people who are finally lost and that therefore there is no point in hoping that there might possibly be a universal homecoming, although there is point in praying for the conversion of as many people as possible so that the population of hell will be as minimal as possible. But how can I pray that hell will in fact be empty, when Scripture plainly implies that there will be those on the right and on the left when the Son of Man sits in judgement? Should we not rather be doing much more than we are doing to bring the gospel to those who are in danger of being eternally lost?
Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
Measuring Life With Coffee Spoons
by R.V.G. Tasker
Biblical Doctrine of the Wrath of God: Part 2
Karl Barth and the Legitimacy of Natural Theology
by Rodney Holder
Ancient Egypt and the Hebrew Monarchies: A Review Article
by K.A. Kitchen
Are There Essential Differences between the Sexes?
by Sharon James
Other Reviews in this Issue
This we believe. The good news of Jesus Christ for the world
Reviewed by Bob Horn
Sin, Death and the Devil
Reviewed by Patrick Richmond
Telling the Truth: Evangelizing Postmoderns
Reviewed by David Gibson
Searching for an Adequate God
Reviewed by Gerald Bray
The Meeting of Religions and the Trinity
Reviewed by Chris Sinkinson


The percentage of the bill you pay. After you have paid your deductible, your insurance company will cover the majority of your health care costs and you are only responsible for a "coinsurance" portion. For example, suppose your plan has 20% coinsurance, you've already paid your deductible, and you need a $10,000 surgery. You would pay a maximum of $2,000 and your insurance would pay the rest.
Stride Tip: If you expect to see a doctor frequently or have a chronic condition, you might want to look for a plan with low coinsurance. These plans generally have higher monthly premiums, but you could end up saving money in the long run by paying less each time you need care.


text:
Q: Shape Class implementation in Python with actual drawn square? I have the following code that creates a shape class, and I have two questions that I would appreciate answers for:
1. When the following code is run, the output is:
>>>
100
100
None
>>>

What is the "None" at the end, and how can I get rid of this output?
2. I would ideally like to be able to DRAW (in the output screen) a square. I do not wish to use pygame. I did wonder about whether it would be possible to integrate turtle to do this, but don't know how to get started? Any suggestions for the method that would do this using turtle, or any other genius suggestion?
from turtle import*
class Shape:
    #self is how we refer to things in the clas from within itself. .self is the first parameter in any function defined inside a class
    #to access functions and variables inside the class, their name must be preceded with self and a full-stop (e.g. self.variable_name)
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.x=x #the shape has the attribute x (width)
        self.y=y #the shape has the attribute y (height)

    description="The shape has not yet been brought into being"
    author="No one has yet claimed authorship of this shape"

    def area(self):
        return self.x*self.y
    def perimeter(self):
        return 2*self.x+2*self.y
    def describe(self,text):
        self.description =text
    def authorName(self,text):
        self.author=text
    def scaleSize(self,scale):
        self.x=self.x*scale
        self.y=self.y*scale
    def print(self):
        print(self.x)
        print(self.y)

square=Shape(100,100)
print(square.print())

I might add that there is a similar question on SO but no specific or helpful answer
Using class to draw shapes in turtle
UPDATE:
I tried something like this, but cannot get it working. I think I need to initialise turtle somewhere in the constructor - but where and how
from turtle import*
class Shape:
    #self is how we refer to things in the clas from within itself. .self is the first parameter in any function defined inside a class
    #to access functions and variables inside the class, their name must be preceded with self and a full-stop (e.g. self.variable_name)
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.x=x #the shape has the attribute x (width)
        self.y=y #the shape has the attribute y (height)

    description="The shape has not yet been brought into being"
    author="No one has yet claimed authorship of this shape"

    def area(self):
        return self.x*self.y
    def perimeter(self):
        return 2*self.x+2*self.y
    def describe(self,text):
        self.description =text
    def authorName(self,text):
        self.author=text
    def scaleSize(self,scale):
        self.x=self.x*scale
        self.y=self.y*scale
    def print(self,shapename):
        print("This shape is a", shapename, "with dimensions:>",self.x,"by",self.y)
    def draw(self):
        turtle.forward(self.x)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(se.f.x)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(self.y)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(self.y)
        turtle.left(90)

square=Shape(100,100)
square.print("square")
print("The perimeter is:",square.perimeter())
print(square.draw())

A: from turtle import*
class Shape:
    canvas = Screen() # creating object of screen class
    canvas.setup(800,800) # this will setup window on screen with dimension 800x800

    turtle_obj = Turtle() # creating object of turtle class which will be used to plot square on window

    #self is how we refer to things in the clas from within itself. .self is the first parameter in any function defined inside a class
    #to access functions and variables inside the class, their name must be preceded with self and a full-stop (e.g. self.variable_name)
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        self.x=x #the shape has the attribute x (width)
        self.y=y #the shape has the attribute y (height)

    description="The shape has not yet been brought into being"
    author="No one has yet claimed authorship of this shape"

    def area(self):
        return self.x*self.y
    def perimeter(self):
        return 2*self.x+2*self.y
    def describe(self,text):
        self.description =text
    def authorName(self,text):
        self.author=text
    def scaleSize(self,scale):
        self.x=self.x*scale
        self.y=self.y*scale

    def print(self):
        print self.x
        print self.y
        # now we are referring to class object turtle using self.turtle_obj and
        # calling forward() function which will move plotting cursor in forward direction
        # upto x pixels and left() will rotate direction by 90 degree
        self.turtle_obj.forward(self.x)
        self.turtle_obj.left(90)
        self.turtle_obj.forward(self.y)
        self.turtle_obj.left(90)
        self.turtle_obj.forward(self.x)
        self.turtle_obj.left(90)
        self.turtle_obj.forward(self.y)
        self.turtle_obj.left(90)

square=Shape(100,100)
square.print()

*

*print(square.print()) This line is generating None on console as function is not returning anything. To remove it just remove outer print() and keep remaining. i.e. square.print()

*Yes it is possible and I made little changes in your code and now it should create square on screen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The 60th BFI London Film Festival played like a 'Best Of' the 2016 international film festivals. Opening with Amma Asante's A United Kingdom and closing with Ben Wheatley's Free Fire, the festival showcased some of the year's most buzzed about films. From Cannes Film Festival there was The Handmaiden (Park Chan-wook), Paterson (Jim Jarmusch), Graduation (Cristian Mungiu), The Salesman (Asghar Farhadi), Personal Shopper (Olivier Assayas), It's Only the End of the World (Xavier Dolan), American Honey (Andrea Arnold), Toni Erdmann (Maren Ade), Aquarius (Kleber Mendonça Filho), The Unknown Girl (Jean-Pierre Dardenne, Luc Dardenne) and Ma' Rosa (Brillante Mendoza). From Berlinale there was Chi-Raq (Spike Lee), A Quiet Passion (Terence Davies), Creepy (Kiyoshi Kurosawa), The Bacchus Lady (E J-yong) and Don't Blink – Robert Frank (Laura Israel). From Venice there was La La Land (Damien Chazelle), Arrival (Denis Villeneuve), Brimstone (Martin Koolhoven), Nocturnal Animals (Tom Ford), Frantz (Francois Ozon) and Planetarium (Rebecca Zlotowski). From Sundance there was Christine (Antonio Campos), Kate Plays Christine (Robert Greene), Certain Women (Kelly Reichardt), Manchester by the Sea (Kenneth Lonergan) and The Birth of a Nation (Nate Parker). From Toronto there were too many films to name, but this year's London Film Festival screened all of the main highlights.
What this lineup demonstrates is that while the BFI London Film Festival may not be hosting much original material, what it is doing is showcasing the best films of the year. This year's upcoming Oscar winners are surely on the bill. You don't need to go to Cannes, Venice or Toronto when the highlights make their way to London every autumn. It's not just the films that come to the UK capitol, but the talent come in droves to support and promote their films. This year was no less star-studded than previous with the likes of Liam Neeson, Sigourney Weaver, Miles Teller, Amy Adams, Jeremy Renner, Xavier Dolan, Marion Cotillard, Lea Seydoux, Nate Parker, Armie Hammer, David Oyelowo, Damien Chazelle, Park Chan-wook, Casey Affleck, Michelle Williams, Isabelle Huppert, Lupita Nyong'o, Ben Mendelsohn, Michael Winterbottom, Christopher Guest, Cynthia Nixon, Ben Wheatley, Cillian Murphy, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Nicole Kidman, Dev Patel, Tom Ford, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Werner Herzog, Michael Fassbender, Oliver Stone, Jim Broadbent and the legendary Christopher Lloyd. And that is but to name a few.
Saudi Arabia would probably be one of the last countries you would expect a romantic comedy from. But Barakah Meets Barakah, which is the first feature film from Saudi Arabia ever to be shown at the Berlinale, is just that!
Once I realized that Dog Eat Dog director Paul Schrader is none other than THE Paul Schrader who directed The Canyons starring Lindsay Lohan, everything about this film made sense.
Lion is the true story of Saroo Brierley, the man who used Google Earth to find his lost childhood home in India.
Poignant, beautiful and relevant, Moonlight avoids falling into the melodramatic trap that it so easily could.
With a simplistic animation style, Jean-Loup Felicioli and Alain Gagnol fail to bring depth and excitement to their second feature film collaboration Phantom Boy.
Pretty and pleasing, Rebecca Zlotowski's supernatural period piece Planetarium is a stunning spectacle for the senses.
This entry was posted on Sunday, October 16th, 2016 at 9:30 pm	and is filed under Events, Features, Film, Review.


text:
The Renaissance Team
Home Purchase - The Dream Fund
MS Development Fund
New Markets Tax Credit
Renaissance Builder & Developer Guild
AMI Limits
Loan Servicing
PPP 2.0
Grant Funding Strengthens Non-Profit Partnerships
A Grant from Enterprise Community Partners Provides Opportunity for Renaissance Community Loan Fund to Partner with Hancock Resource Center on Veterans' Programs
GULFPORT, Miss. – Renaissance Community Loan Fund officials announced this week that the nonprofit received a $37,000 grant from Enterprise Community Partners, Inc. The grant is made possible through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Capacity Building for Community Development (Section 4) program. Renaissance, a federally certified Community Development Financial Institution, will use the funds in partnership with Hancock Resource Center (HRC) to continue programs focused on veterans and housing in South Mississippi.
Renaissance and HRC have a historically successful partnership built on similar missions of assisting low-income families and communities with homeownership. "Receiving grant funds from Enterprise allows Renaissance the opportunity to work on an issue that is a growing nationwide concern," said Kimberly LaRosa, president and CEO of Renaissance. "With our great history with HRC and their extensive experience in working with veterans, there was no need to look any further than HRC as the perfect organization with which to partner."
Hancock Resource Center, a nonprofit community development corporation in Hancock County, has a mission to stabilize families and strengthen the community by addressing obstacles and barriers to housing. "It is Hancock Resource Center's honor and duty to serve those that have served in the US military. We are excited to partner with Renaissance Community Loan Fund to focus on much-needed housing for Veterans."
Renaissance Community Loan Fund
Denise Carver
dcarver@rclfms.com
www.rclfms.com
Rhonda Rhodes
rrhodes@hancockhrc.org
228-463--8887
www.hancockhrc.org
Enterprise Community Partners, Inc.
mgonzalez@enterprisecommunity.org
www.enterprisecommunity.org
Renaissance Community Loan Fund Awarded $976,500 from the CDFI Fund CORE Grant Program
Gulfport, Miss. (September 19, 2017) – Renaissance Community Loan Fund has received $976,500 in financial assistance from the Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Fund's CORE Grant Program. The award will allow Renaissance, a Mississippi-based non-profit CDFI, to continue improving low-income communities in Mississippi through personalized lending and financial counseling services to underserved residents.
This year's funding award will focus on expanding the availability of Renaissance's mortgage and business lending programs and services in the Northern counties in Mississippi. In addition, Renaissance leaders are committed to investing in and building equity in minority populations in the state that have higher levels of poverty and need.
"We are honored to receive this award from the CDFI Fund," said Kimberly LaRosa, president of Renaissance Community Loan Fund. "The award allows us to continue providing financing programs and support that people need to become homeowners, build successful local businesses and create vibrant communities throughout our great state and build on our successful track record.
Of 434 eligible organizations who applied for financial assistance through the 2017 round of the CDFI Program, 265 were awarded funding that totaled more than $171.1 million. This was the largest pool of awardees in the history of the CDFI Fund.
Renaissance Community Loan Fund Continues Growth with New Location in North Mississippi
Tupelo, Miss. (August 29, 2017) – Renaissance Community Loan Fund, a Mississippi-based non-profit Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI), announced the grand opening of a new location in North Mississippi, which will expand access to its lending programs and services for underserved residents in Mississippi.
What began as an organization geared to facilitate growth and rebuilding in Mississippi following the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in 2015, Renaissance continues to grow as a nationally recognized leader in community lending programs and financial counseling services. The addition of the Tupelo location is the next natural step in Renaissance's strategy to ensure convenient access to the organizations programs and services across the state.
"The new location in Tupelo was strategically chosen due to the growing number of residents in North Mississippi in need of our services," said Kimberly LaRosa, president and CEO of Renaissance. "Opening this location is a testament not only to Renaissance's commitment to bring affordable lending services to the entire state, but it is a milestone in our commitment to increase economic and community development in Mississippi."
Then new office, located at 431 West Main Street, Suite 300 in Tupelo, is fully staffed and ready to assist Tupelo and North Mississippi residents with their affordable mortgage and business lending needs. Tupelo native John-Michael Marlin leads the office as Community Outreach Coordinator. "I was raised in Tupelo and I'm personally invested in seeing this community prosper through the availability of Renaissance's lending programs and financial counseling services," said Marlin at the recent ribbon cutting and open house. "The residents of the community will receive the personalized services from someone who knows the area and understands their needs."
Renaissance Announces New Down Payment Assistance Mortgage Program
GULFPORT, Miss. – Renaissance Community Loan Fund officials announced this week that the nonprofit, through a $2.4 million award from NeighborWorks America, will be administering a new down payment assistance program available throughout Mississippi.
The program, entitled Project Reinvest: Homeownership, is only available for a limited time. Individuals and families who currently do not own a home and have a household income of 100% or below the Area Median Income are eligible to participate in the program.
All potential applicants seeking to receive down payment assistance must first be pre-approved for a mortgage with Renaissance or an approved lending partner. The following are approved partner lenders in the program: Renaissance Community Loan Fund; Bancorp South; Community Bank; Charter Bank Mortgage; Gulf Coast Community Federal Credit Union; HOPE Credit Union; Keesler Federal Credit Union; and FBT Mortgage.
"We are excited to provide this opportunity to those individuals and families in Mississippi who are ready to take the step towards homeownership, but need assistance in providing the down payment portion of a mortgage," said Kimberly LaRosa, president and CEO. "The program allows Renaissance another opportunity to continue its mission of creating affordable homeownership opportunities for residents and contributing to the economy in Mississippi.
Unlike Renaissance's other mortgage programs, Project Reinvest: Homeownership funds are available for a limited time. Interested residents are encouraged to act now by calling or visiting one of the program's approved lenders to get started. The most current list of lenders, along with detailed program requirements, is available at www.rclfms.com.
Mississippi Nonprofit Celebrates 10 Years of Community Lending with a New Look and Expanded Reach
Gulfport, Miss. (March 22, 2017) – Gulf Coast Renaissance Corporation, a Gulfport-based Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI), proudly celebrates 10 years of community lending and services in Mississippi.
In 2007, a volunteer board, led by then Chairman Anthony Topazi, gathered a group of forward-thinking business and city leaders from the still-devastated region to discuss the mission of a newly formed nonprofit. A grant from the MS Development Authority enabled the organization to create multiple housing programs focused on assisting residents with affordable housing following Hurricane Katrina. Mortgage programs focused on the low-to-moderate income resident allowed Renaissance to help 2,000 families with the dream of homeownership. Homeownership was just the start for Renaissance's impact through its programs.
Adapting and evolving to the ever-changing needs of its market for the past decade, Renaissance, led by president and CEO Kimberly LaRosa, continues to implement innovative programs and pursue funding and certifications that will further grow the organization. Renaissance became the only certified SBA microlender in Mississippi in 2015, and has provided over $8 million in business loans and grants throughout the state, which has led to the creation of over 600 jobs. And just this year Renaissance was recognized nationally as an awardee of a coveted New Markets Tax Credits allocation.
Much has changed since Renaissance began lending a decade ago. Originally focused on the lower six counties in Mississippi, Renaissance now offers its programs and services to residents of the entire state. In order to better serve the residents in the Northern counties and the Delta, Renaissance will open an office in downtown Tupelo this month.
Along with this geographic expansion, today Renaissance announces a new name and look for the growing organization. "The name Renaissance Community Loan Fund, which encompasses the CDFI designation for which the nonprofit is certified (a community loan fund), better represents to the public who we are and what we do. We are a different kind of lender, focused on community and economic development in the state," said Kimberly LaRosa, President and CEO of Renaissance Community Loan Fund.
"We are extremely proud of the work we have accomplished and the successful community organization we have become over the past decade. We take a moment to reflect on the many people who have contributed to our success," said LaRosa. "We are honored to have worked with such great staff, a dedicated volunteer Board of Directors, generous funders and many deeply dedicated partners who have given of their time and expertise to keep us moving forward."
Renaissance Corporation receives $2.4 million grant from NeighborWorks America
GULFPORT, Miss. – Renaissance Corporation officials announced this week that the nonprofit has been selected as an awardee for Project Reinvest: Homeownership, administered by NeighborWorks America. Renaissance was awarded $2.4 million in grant funds through a competitive process eligible only to Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI's) with a successful history of lending programs. Renaissance was the only organization awarded in Mississippi.
Renaissance, which was certified as a CDFI in 2010, will use the funds to continue its mission of creating affordable homeownership opportunities for residents in Mississippi.
"We are honored and excited to receive this grant from NeighborWorks America," said Kimberly LaRosa, president and CEO. "The funds not only provide additional opportunities for Renaissance to assist low-to-moderate income residents with affordable homeownership, but also allow our organization to contribute to the economy and revitalize distressed communities throughout Mississippi."
Applications and information for Renaissance's mortgage and business lending programs can be found at www.msgcrc.com.
Nicole Rosetti
Marketing Manager, Social Media Guru, PR Specialist.
Renaissance On Location
Renaissance Review
8917 Lorraine Road
439B Katherine Drive
Flowood, MS 39232
431 W. Main Street, Suite 300
Tupelo, MS 38804
301 Buschman Street
(Satellite Office: By Appt. Only)
8:00AM to 4:30PM
CLOSED
Gulfport Office: (228) 896-3386
Hattiesburg Office: (601) 325-5230
Jackson Office: 601-519-4999
Tupelo Office: (662) 269-8999
info@rclfms.com


As of September 1, 2018, all mail needing to be sent to Texas Prep Softball and Coach Hicks should not be addressed to the Post Office box as in the past.
Please use the following address in the future.
Thanks and hoping everyone has a great season!!


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IMG_2379 Molds are found everywhere inside and outside, and can grow on almost any substance when moisture is present. At times when heat and humidity are present, mold tends to expand quicker than usual as it feeds its growth through the heat and humidity. Places like the bathroom, basement, closets, furnaces or air conditioning units, underneath floorboards or in between walls, inside your refrigerator are the usual growing areas where mold may be found.
Aspergillus – Usually found in warmer climates in areas of water damage or extreme dampness. May be found in house dust and associated with disease in humans and some animals.
Alternaria – Indoors, it is often found in carpets, textiles, house dust and potentially damp areas like window frames and showers. It can also be found in plant soil.
Cladosporium – The most commonly identified outdoor fungus, but it can easily enter into the house through the HVAC and other airflow entryways. Cladosporium also has an indoor species that grows on textiles, wood and other porous, damp areas. Both indoor and outdoor species are triggers for hay fever and asthma symptoms.
Stachybotrys – This is an especially toxic black mold that produces airborne toxins (mycotoxins) that can cause serious breathing difficulties, memory and hearing loss, dizziness, flu-like symptoms and bleeding in the lungs.
Fusarium – frequently involved with eye, skin, and nail infections. More severely it can produce hemorrhagic syndrome (alimentary toxic aleukia) in humans which is characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatitis, and extensive internal bleeding.
Penicillium – A very common mold known to cause allergies, hay fever and asthma. Species may be found growing on wallpaper, wallpaper glue and decaying fabrics in water-damaged buildings or homes. It is also found in carpet and in interior fiberglass duct insulation. Some species can produce mycotoxins.
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According to figures from Action Fraud, the UK's national fraud reporting service, contactless card fraud is surging. A total of £1.8 million was stolen by fraudsters from contactless users in 2018. This compared with £711,000 in 2017.
Pickpockets are stealing cards to make as many £30 transactions as possible before the account is blocked, while more sophisticated scammers use "skimming" devices attached to cash machines to siphon off data.
Action Fraud, the national reporting centre for fraud and cybercrime, said that in 10 months last year there were 2,739 reports of contactless card fraud, totalling almost £1.8 million — up from 1,440 cases worth £711,000 in the same period in 2017.
They represented 51% of the reports of contactless fraud since 2013 to the service, which is run by City of London Police.
Contactless is overtaking chip and PIN as the most popular way of paying for goods and service because of its convenience. According to recent figures from payment processing firm Worldpay, more card payments were made using contactless technology than chip and PIN in the UK over the 12 months from June 2017 to June 2018.
It revealed that, after increasing by 30% on the previous year, contactless payments were the most used card payments in shops.
Average losses investigated by detectives were between £90 and £652 but the largest single contactless card fraud case reached £400,000, stemming from multiple purchases.
"Low-tech methods" that were commonly deployed included distraction thefts and cash machine "entrapment devices" used to clone card details.
Concerns have been raised that it is possible for criminals to use rogue card readers and smartphones to read cards simply by brushing past the owner.
However UK Finance, that represents the banking industry, has said there have been no verified incidents of contactless fraud on cards still in the possession of the original owner.
However, it should be made clear that, according to the latest UK fraud figures the actual proportion of all card fraud losses by value that were through contactless fraud was 3% in the first half of 2018.
The post Contactless card fraud surges in 2018 appeared first on Payments Cards & Mobile.


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Home Culture Theater Hairspray At The Pabst
Hairspray At The Pabst
Pius XI brings HAIRSPRAY to the historic theatre
The disturbingly well-funded performing arts department as Pius XI has brought a number of huge musicals to the Pabst Theatre over the years . . . most notably a rather large production of Titanic. In March, the program brings Hairspray to the historic theatre in a huge production featuring more than 70 students from the school as well as local theatre talent Ericka Wade and Milwaukee theatre institution Jonathan West.
This is not the first time the Scott Wittman/Marc Shaiman musical has been featured on a stage on Water Street. The touring Broadway production had recently rolled through the Marcus Center. There was also a remarkable production of the show staged by the Greendale Community Theatre. Based on the 1988 John Waters film, Hairspray is a surreal, retro story set in a 1960's America from some bizarre parallel John Waters world where cultural segregation between races and subcultures was alarmingly simple and clear-cut. The GCT production had an infectious energy to it. With the kind of energy behind the Pius XI production at the Pabst, there's no reason to believe it won't be able to harness that same energy.
Pius XI's production of Hairspray runs March 25th-27th at the Pabst Theatre. For reservations, call 414-290-8151.
Curtains Pius Xi Hairspray John Waters Brooklyn Boy