It was lights out for a California landlord and his family after a tenant racked up a whopping $140,000 electric bill.
After refusing to pay the tenant's bill, service at the landlord's own residence was shut off.
According to a news report, a long-time tenant was arrested on suspicion of growing pot at the residence. It was then suspected that the tenant was bypassing a meter, possibly to keep the grow-op a secret.
Later, the utility, Southern California Edison, charged the account retroactively nearly $140,000 for years of unauthorized use of service" from the meter.
It is unclear whether the utility account for the rental property was transferred to the tenant's name or remained in the landlord's name; however, the landlord confirmed that the tenant did have the responsibility to pay for electricity.
The landlord's family filed a lawsuit against the utility company, claiming a breach of their service agreement along with emotional distress after being forced to live without electricity for weeks during the standoff over payment. The parties have recently settled the lawsuit, but the terms of that settlement remain confidential.
This story is a good example of how valuable tenant screening and rental inspections can be in protecting your investment — not to mention the wisdom of keeping tenants' responsibilities (e.g. the electric bill) in their own name.
Spikes in electricity and water usage are a red-flag for pot grow-ops. The same goes for hoses running out of the house or apartment, and make-shift ventilation.
Much of the marijuana grown today produces a distinct skunk-like smell. But unlike skunks, the smell is present during daylight hours, and does not dissipate quickly in fresh air.
Inside the property, water and electric systems may have been modified (a/k/a vandalized).
Windows may be blocked out, or light might be show through shades or skylights all night.
Humming noises could be ventilation fans.
The tenant will be resistant to landlord visits — or any visitors, or the property may appear to be abandoned.
If you suspect a drug operation in your rental property, call in the police to investigate. This not only protects your personal safety, but it prevents you from being accused of tampering, and preserves any evidence. That way, the police can prosecute the crime, and you can prove your eviction case.


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Chicago Baseball
Cubs Come Back to Beat Nationals in Game 3
By James Neveau	• Published October 9, 2017 • Updated on October 9, 2017 at 6:52 pm
The Chicago Cubs were no-hit through six innings, but they still came back and beat the Washington Nationals in Game 3 of the NLDS on Monday night.
Max Scherzer no-hit the Cubs through six innings, but Ben Zobrist broke up the no-hitter, and Albert Almora and Anthony Rizzo each picked up RBI hits to secure the win and the 2-1 series lead.
Max Scherzer was perfect through the first three innings of the game, but Jose Quintana matched him pitch for pitch. He got out of a few jams as well, including one in the second inning that ended when Anthony Rendon flew out to Jason Heyward to end the frame.
The Cubs got their first baserunner when Jon Jay was hit to lead off the fourth inning, and even after he was retired, Anthony Rizzo ended up on second base after a throwing error by Trea Turner. After Willson Contreras walked with two outs, Ben Zobrist grounded out on the first pitch to end the inning.
Game 3 #OnePursuit pic.twitter.com/1ePgd1Gfrg
— Washington Nationals (@Nationals) October 9, 2017
Unfortunately for the Cubs, errors dominated the narrative in the sixth inning. On a fly ball to right field by Daniel Murphy, Kyle Schwarber dropped what would have been the third out, and then Ryan Zimmerman drove him in to make it a 1-0 game.
The score remained 1-0 until the seventh inning, when Ben Zobrist broke up the no-hitter with a ringing double. Albert Almora Jr. then smacked a single into left field to drive him in, tying things up at 1-1.
Unfortunately, that's all the Cubs could get, as Jason Heyward was doubled off after Addison Russell flew out to Michael Taylor.
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In the eighth inning, Jon Jay moved Leonys Martin over to second base with a bunt, and Rizzo came up to the plate with two outs and a runner on second. Rizzo lofted a high fly ball to center field, which bounced between three fielders and scored Martin to make it a 2-1 game.
Wade Davis came into the game in the ninth and slammed the door on the Nationals, giving the Cubs a 2-1 series lead.
Game 4 will take place on Tuesday at Wrigley Field, with Jake Arrieta taking the ball for the Cubs. The game will either start at 4:38 p.m. or 7:08 p.m., depending on the outcome of Game 3 between the Los Angeles Dodgers and Arizona Diamondbacks.
Chicago CubsKris BryantAnthony RizzoJoe MaddonKyle Schwarber

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Background Materials for Lectures
William R. Pace Convenor; Coalition for the ICC (CICC)
Lecture Topic beginning February 19, 2013
Peace Lecture Question To what extent can the ICC advance peace around the world?
The Peace Lecture Question — Comments
William R. Pace's Lecture on Peace and the ICC
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Comment on the Peace Lecture Question: "To what extent can the ICC advance peace around the world?"
irtezab
Convenor Pace's comparison of the costs of UN/NATO spending versus the amount spent on international justice, suggests that there is a significant disparity in the amounts being spent on conducting war and the amount spent on fostering peace. Convenor Pace argues that the money spent on war-making could be much better spent in promoting peace and international justice. However, from a cynical perspective, it is difficult to argue that governments and international bodies will spend more on peace measures when security actions remain prerogatives that trump all other foreign policy alternatives. Convenor Pace argues that the ICC is least costly of all justice measures, a calculation that may be empirically true, but is difficult to justify amongst nation-states who solve geopolitical crises more rapidly and efficiently through security measures than through the ICC.
Justice can still be applied in this world, Convenor Pace argues. He cites Seamus Heaney's poem, "Troy": "Don't hope on this side of the grave," and refutes this sentiment by arguing that the ICC is the institution that indeed grants hope on this side of the grave. As the greatest human rights initiatives, the ICC has the unprecedented advance of promoting international justice and peace, he argues. However, while laudable in concept, given the ICC's very slow track record, how can governments be convinced that long-term international justice is preferable to short-term but effective security mobilization?
(a reply to 1114)
I think what Convenor Pace was making a normative rather than a positive argument. From what I understand, he argued that it is less expensive to invest in the International Criminal Court than it is to invest in war-making. As such, this is where the focus should be, even though this is not where the focus currently is, as you point out. I agree with you that states view security as a top priority in foreign policy and that states may think that "security measures" (which I assume means use of force) are the most rapid and efficient way to solve geopolitical crises. But I think this is the problem that Convenor Pace was pointing too: promoting peace is not seen to be related to increasing security. However, perhaps if greater priority was given to promoting peace and justice, then this could increase security by preventing or at least mitigating future crises. I do not think anyone doubts how difficult it is to change this thinking, but I do not think that the fact that it will be challenging to convince governments to change their practices diminishes Convenor Pace's argument that they should.
carata
As an judicial organization which has only convicted one person, the ICC's main power is symbolic. An organization which warns international terrorists that there will be repercussions for their actions, the ICC's power to advance peace lies in the the fact that it is an organization which has the power to convict international criminals. As argued by Mr. Pace, the amount the UN Security Council spends on peace efforts may be negligible, but it is important to recognize that the UN acts as a peace body itself. Thus, although the UN may support the ICC, the ICC must make efforts to advance peace by convicting those whom they recognize as most dangerous on a global scale.
mjmlevy
While I agree the point Mr. Pace was making was to draw attention to the tremendous amounts of money spent on war and security vs. peace and justice, personally, I find this to be a false dichotomy. Comparing the costs of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq to the yearly costs of the ICC is misleading as they are not directly related. While it is immensely important that we understand how much money is spent on waging war and conflict (in order to drastically reduce such expenditures in the future), I fail to understand how reallocating resources towards peace will solve the problem. Simply throwing more money into the ICC or other peace and development efforts ignores the local factors that perpetuate and cause wars. More money does not mean a more peaceful world.
Additionally and unfortunately, the international community is extremely limited in efforts to prevent or stop war (look no further than Syria, the DRC, continuing instability in Afghanistan, Iraq, etc.). The role of the ICC in advancing peace is impossible to quantify and in my opinion is rather inconsequential today (though if the ICC can promote reconciliation in a specific country, that can have impact in mitigating future conflicts). However, the role of the ICC could grow in this arena to be a significant one, dependent on how far norms of peace proliferate and are respected.
The international community, including the US, does not properly respect international justice or international jurisprudence - there are far too many violations of the rights of citizens codified by the UN's Declaration of Human Rights in democratic and non-democratic countries. This in turn hurts the ICC's efforts to advance peace. Until its signatories ensure the rights of its own citizens are properly respected, the ICC will be constrained in its ability to advance peace.
Meghan Farley
I think it is important to start by remembering that the ICC is a criminal court; as such, its objectives and responsibilities have less to do with peace, and more to do with justice for crimes against humanity and limiting impunity for war criminals. With its record of 1 conviction and 1 acquittal in 10 years, and its known difficulties in securing the arrest of its indictees, it is hard to argue that the court has a strong deterrence component; and it seems deterrence would be the outcome through which the advance of peace could best be achieved.
Mr. Pace's argument that the ICC needs more money in order to better promote peace is based on the assumption that peace promotion is a fundamental objective of the court. While I do believe that a larger budget may enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the ICC, this would result in increased justice but fail to effectively promote peace.
jaclynam
I completely agree that peace and justice are two separate entities. While the ICC is pursuing justice, I do not see the world becoming more peaceful as a consequence. I do not believe that leaders committing mass crimes are worrying about being indicted by the ICC. Nor do I think that they would be dissuaded from committing such acts by viewing others' trials, which should supposedly root out the source of conflict in the world. For example, a common saying regarding the Holocaust is, "Never again." While the Nuremberg trials brought justice to those who participated in such a horrific event, the trials did not bring peace to the world, and genocide and ethnic cleansing does continue to happen. While the ICC is somewhat different since it is a permanent institution, it cannot preemptively act, and as such, I do not believe that it can promote world peace. It can only attempt to bring justice for those who have already been wronged.
mraddawi17
I believe that the ICC can affect peace around the world. The ICC serves as a symbol to us of how we can affect peace by cooperating with other governments. We have seen achievements in global health measures, and I believe we can have achievements in other areas as well, as long as we have the funding needed. I was shocked by the numbers that were presented to us on the amount of spending that goes into global governance verse other projects (even Stanford-specific projects). A crucial issue seems to be in allocation of funds--to advance peace around the world, we will need to invest further into global governance.
hmeropol
Covenor Case argues that the ICC, an organization that promotes peace, should receive funding proportional to that of the UN, an organization that promotes war and aggression. Although there is some truth to his assertion, I have to disagree with it on the basis that Case is over generalizing. Although the UN authorized the use of force around the world, its goal, as clearly stated in the UN charter, is
"to maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace."
Any force used by the UN is for the sole purpose of peace, and I think that Pace fails to credit this fact. Peace is the direct goal of every UN action, and force is only an indirect effect in achieving that goal. The ICC's direct aim, on the other hand, is to achieve international justice, with peace coming as a result of achieving that goal. In this light, maybe more funding for international peace SHOULD go to the UN rather than the ICC, especially since the ICC has been relatively ineffective in indicting war criminals (1 conviction in 10 years).
jessmg
I think that the rule of law is the greatest deterrence of crime in the world. As a consequence, the extent to which the ICC is able to advance peace is linked to its capability of complying with its mandate: To hold accountable and bring to justice individuals responsible for the worst crimes, namely genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. However, we have to bear in mind that if the ICC conducts investigations during or in the aftermath of a conflict, its actions could be a potential obstacle to immediate peace (for example, in cases where crime perpetrators are the ones signing a peace treaty). In that situation, I think the ICC should weigh if the benefits of peace (and the benefits of following its mandate) will outweigh the harm done to the cause of accountability. It is not an easy answer.
yuae57
I cannot help but question the existence of the ICC upon the principle of promoting world peace. The role of ICC is not to advance world peace; just as in the state parties powerful legal institutions do not and should not guarantee peaceful communities (i.e. the U.S.), ICC cannot and should not promise the global peace. Following a set of legal codes titled the Rome Statue, ICC should make any arduous efforts to persecute its indictee, and this should be the only principle of the international institution. This does not mean that ICC has no influence in the world peace; however, it can only function so when it actually fulfills its duty, which is to have the accused enter the courtroom. Unfortunately, the records of 1 acquittal and 1 acquisition in the last decade severe the court's efficacy and efficiency, and of course, the court's much debated influences of deterrence and the world peace. The so-called symbolic effects of the existence of the ICC will wither gradually unless any significant additions to the records are made, the situation of which may end up exacerbating the world peace due to its politicized nature.
akillin
I think a speculative answer to this question is impossible. I think it will work out different in every situation; in some cases there will be peace, in some there will not. Some will be deterred, others won't. Empirically, it seems as if no matter how many safeguards are set up against atrocities, they still seem to happen. Can the ICC change all this?
Yes and no. The ICC,as a deterrent institution in this case, can only do so much. Especially considering the lack of signatory state cooperation, it is a relatively weak deterrent at that. To become a better deterrent for peace, the ICC must (1) in some way really make a leap forward in cooperation and (2) get some jaws. People must actually fear the ICC. A leader will do whatever he/she wants as long as it is not believed that he/she is accountable. The ICC is a great organization to put some accountability on leaders, but as of now the arm is not strong enough.
kbeckett
I second the previous sentiments that the International Criminal Court is and can continue to be a force of peace around the world. Mr. Pace's most powerful and logical argument was that despite all its flaws, the ICC, and international justice in general, is without a doubt the most effective and least expensive peacekeeping tactic. The previous ad hoc trials only dealt with one country and conflict, and in 10 years the ICC is dealing across countless countries, many of which have ongoing conflicts instead of only dealing with ex post facto crimes. The ICC cannot be expected to be perfect—that it exists and is progressing is commendable in itself. The rule of law is created for both punishment and deterrence, and the ICC is no exception. With time, effort, and practice, I believe it will become a powerful entity for the advancement of peace globally.
ananasinkam
Convener Pace says so himself that he is not a legal expert and instead approaches the topic from a lens of the political architecture of developing strategic networks to impact international democracy evolution. I had some foresight then, that his take on the ICC would be from a different perspective than we'd seen thus far. I appreciated his argument that the ICC is an organization that can effectively promote peace, though disagreed with it only slightly. He moved further to explain that the ICC deserves to receive funding proportional to that of the UN, and organization that in comparison to the ICC, works against the promotion of peace and encourages aggression.
I believe that an image of an ICC whose purpose and impact has been to advance peace around the world is a bit idealistic. The ICC works towards and promotes peace, yes, though it has rarely been able to realistically secure it. A record of only 1 acquittal and 1 acquisition in the last decade are evidence enough of the ICC's inability to prove its effectiveness in actually advancing world peace. By the Rome Statute, the ICC is to focus its intent on prosecuting individuals who have committed crimes against humanity, and through this process its advancement of world peace can be fulfilled. For this reason, I consider the ICC on a trajectory to understand how to better advance world peace, though at this point do not believe the Court can justifiably say that they advance world peace, and instead understand that they promote it. As of now, the intent to establish world peace is a symbol. I'd argue that until the ICC can successfully try those that they call to prosecution in the Court, their purpose to affect world peace is not yet a tangible reality.
nfollmann
Many discussion concerning the rise of the ICC focuses on the importance of the post-conflict, ad hoc tribunals in the distribution of justice and recognizing the need to eliminate impunity. The ICC, then, arose as a permanent institution with a mandate of more than just retroactive, retributive justice; prevention and peace promotion is one of its goals. In considering to what extent this is possible, it is important to keep in mind what the court can actually do and how this influences the rise of conflict in the first place. I would like to repeat the thoughts of several previous comments in that this is dependent on situation and location. Though we have seen that the establishment of global norms certainly do impact particular places around the globe, through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is important to consider the local impacts of international law, as practiced by the ICC. Many of the greatest perpetrators of crimes against humanity are state, political, and military leaders—and these have been, appropriately, the subjects of ICC indictments. If the ICC functions properly as a mechanism to deter national and regional leaders from committing atrocity, then the ICC will indeed make great strides in contributing to world peace. However, I would like to consider the many other instances of crime around the world, crime which is not limited to that done on massive scale. In this case, I do not see the establishment of an international rule of law as an institution that holds much sway. We must consider that the majority of the world's population is unaware of this court, and in their lives, the existing justice systems in their region of interaction will be the most influential legal body. Thus, the management of the majority of global conflicts depends on national and regional institutions. With this in mind, it is clear that the project of international justice is very much limited by the legal systems of individual nations. However, this is where the idea of contingency comes in. In nations without an established rule of law, where international justice is frequently articulated and where these legal norms are higher than any local justice standards, an effective ICC could perhaps greatly contribute to peace. Here I am thinking of the actions of the ICC in the Congo, and its notoriety in trying perpetrators of crimes against humanity. However, it is unrealistic to imagine the ICC serving as a substitute for local legal security in the Congo, and, moreover, for all other countries with similarly ineffective national justice systems. As it is difficult to judge possible peace-inducing influences of the ICC's work in the Congo after the past 10 years, I would suggest that a greater focus be placed upon the establishment of local and regional rule of law in these contexts.
Therefore, I would say that the ICC can promote peace to the extent that it is effective in preventing international leaders from committing human rights abuses. Of course, this is assuming, in the most ideal sense, that the existence and actions of the ICC do serve as a deterrent.
ulmerb
I've seen several comments stating that the ICC is already an effective method for peace, some going as far as to claim it is the "most effective." I agree that the ICC is powerful in that it is not as restricted by national borders and does have a deterrent effect, I would not go as far as to claim that the ICC has even a large impact. To beat a dead horse, the ICC has only one conviction since its existence, and, although it does have more power than previous tribunals, its power is still limited by the cooperation of governments and the wheels of bureaucracy. I somewhat agree with the sentiment of the man in class who said something along the lines of, "The ICC is only something that exists to make nations feel good about themselves."
I recognize the potential of the ICC. However, it has had ten years to evolve and grow (a fairly long time in terms of international politics, longer than two presidential terms), in which not much has been accomplished. I can only hope that it undergoes more dramatic change for the better in the future.
jjacobs3
While I understand your sentiment, I believe that judging the ICC based on the number of convictions it has made is a bit myopic. Clearly it is the case that its power is limited by the cooperation of governments and the "wheels of bureaucracy", but this would be the case for any international force and thus isn't an entirely valid criticism of the ICC in particular.
As for the problem of the ICC making little impact in ten years, again I share your frustration in this regard, but consider for example the fact that the League of Nations was founded in 1919 and essentially failed at its mission (given that World War II occurred) despite its ~30 years of existence, but actually laid the groundwork for the (arguably I suppose) successful United Nations. Though the first ten years of the ICC may have been frustratingly ineffective, I believe that it is a continuous learning process and that it will also pave the way for more effective movements in the near future.
kdahn
I do not think the ICC's primary goal should be promoting a peace, but its ultimate goal may have to be. Sometimes, the ICC's jurisdiction could even be in conflict with "peace", because it originally supposed to pursue "justice". In Sudan Darfur's case, for instance, seven suspects have been indicted by the court including President Omar Hassan Al-bashir. The decision was historic but also highly controversial, because the progress seemed to reach stalemate afterwards. The Sudanese government publicly opposed to ICC's decision arguing that it actually interfered with a peace treaty with the rebels and even exacerbated situation. Such decision, of course, contributed to establishing authority of international juridical system, showing that the court and justice had independent power. However, it might stimulate the Sudanese government and provoke bloodshed.
Justice and peace are two core values that prop up international community. Once the U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon said "peace and justice should go along together, and no peace is sustainable without justice". In this regards, the ICC can and should play a role of promoting international "justice", but in a way that it harmoniously co-exist with international "peace".
bkpang
I think that ICC is a symbol of peace around the world. Though it is limited in what it actually is able to achieve, the existence of the court can be a deterrence for criminals. I think that the court's role in promoting peace is primarily in just branding and image-- though this goes hand in hand with the quality of prosecutions it executes, the media attention it receives around the world surrounding court orders, and the quality of its advocates. In addition, I'd like to point out that if the ICC was removed as an international peace symbol holding international criminals accountable, I think that the response would be negative. Though the speakers we've had so far have talked extensively about the downfalls of the court, I think that the fact that it is there as an institution, as a threat, and as a deterrence, can help the promotion of peace throughout the world.


In a world where a tire company publishes the foremost authority on haute cuisine, perhaps one shouldn't find an ultra-luxurious resort, in rural Wisconsin, run by a company known for faucets so unexpected; yet during our second visit in as many years I still found myself caught off guard during check-in, complementary champagne in hand. Located less than three-hours north of Chicago, The American Club, in Kohler Wisconsin offers a wonderful and romantic resort & dining experience that should not be overlooked. Originally built in 1918 as a dormitory for migrant workers of the Kohler company, the sprawling, Tudor-style building has been transformed into a world-class destination, and one I am glad to have experienced.
Upon arriving visitors are greeted by smartly dressed bellhops, and walk up a short flight of stairs to the concierge and check-in area. We arrived around noon, on a cold November Saturday; the lavishly decorated sitting room opposite check-in welcomes guests like an old friend, with plush leather sofas, rich dark wood floors, and a fire crackling in the fireplace. The sitting area and adjacent library, complete with a library-bar that opens at 5:30, offer guests a preview for the luxury that awaits. I'm no expert on design, but to me the decor can accurately be described as 'turn of the century aristocracy', old books, rich leather furniture, ornate drapery- that is to say, I love it.
During check-in guests are offered the aforementioned complimentary champagne, which I of course took advantage of. The American Club is the only place I've ever been with this offering, and I appreciate it. As the only AAA Five-Diamond rated hotel in the Midwest, I like to think it's the little things like this that make the difference between the forth and fifth diamond.
Both times we visited we arrived well before the room was ready and the champagne was a nice warm-up for a boozy-lunch at The Horse & Plow, the historic casual tavern located in the lower level of the building. Here you'll find typical pub fare for reasonable prices. This past trip Allie and I split a bowl of beer and cheese soup and I had a buffalo burger ordered medium rare but ultimately served medium- I only point this out because the bartender noticed and apologized and ended up taking it off the bill. Fun fact, the Horse & Plow is where we went to celebrate with drinks immediately after I popped the question- though Allie won't let me share the picture of us, as she had been crying (tears of joy).
The rooms themselves are as warm and inviting as the grand entrance. Our first stay we were in a standard room, though obviously 'standard' is a relative term, and during our most recent trip we stayed in a Superior room- similar to the standard but larger, with a seating area and a desk. The bathrooms are the real stars of the rooms though with heated marble floors, high-end Kohler fixtures, a large soaking tub, and a shower more akin to a car wash than a standard 'shower'. We found both rooms comfortable and accommodating, with all of the warmth you'd expect based on the rest of the hotel.
The American Club offers a variety of activities, such as horseback riding, trap shooting, and golfing in the summer; snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, and ice-skating in the winter, and of course a plethora of spa treatments at the Kohler Waters Spa- be advised to make reservations well in advance for any spa treatment. Unfortunately I can't really speak too much in regards to the activities available to guests- our first trip there I was a nervous wreck with a diamond-ring in tow, and a singular focus- finding the right moment to propose and hoping I didn't screw it up!
With far less on my mind, our most recent trip was more relaxing- an 80-minute spa and bath treatment for Allie ($265 + $50 hotel fee if you are not staying at the Carriage House- a fee I found unexpected and was hence waived), and for me 80-minutes reading fireside with an Irish Coffee in hand. Allie emerged from her treatment relaxed and refreshed, while I emerged from my Irish Coffee ready for another.
After lunch, but before the spa reservation we spent an hour or so at the Kohler Museum and Design Studio, about a block away from the hotel. The Kohler Museum, in the lower level of the studio, tells the history of the Kohler company and The American club- but really a monument to the Kohler family. Learning about the town and company you really sense the pride and caring the generations of the Kohler family have put into the products, employees, and resort- I feel it shows with every turn. The design studio is a hands-on, HGTV-lovers playground featuring the latest in Kohler kitchen and bath products, with a top floor dedicated to bathroom and kitchen vignettes, all designed by top-designers. We both enjoyed perusing the displays, gaining inspiration for our hopeful one-day dream home.
With everything I love about The American Club, my favorite aspect has to be the Forbes Magazine, Four-Star restaurant, 'The Immigrant', located in the basement of the main building. As someone who loves ambiance in a restaurant almost as much as the food itself, The Immigrant is if I died and went to restaurant heaven. The six separate rooms each pay homage to each of the six major immigrant groups who played such a vital role in the company's early years. The restaurant is dimly lit, and has a warm and cozy feel, yet with ample room between tables, makes for a romantic and private dining experience.
The food is as rich and interesting as Kohler itself, with a five ($120), or seven-course Grand tasting menu ($200) as well as a full traditional menu. This past trip Allie and I started off with a cheese plate appetizer of Wisconsin's finest cheddar at the adjoining Winery Bar before making our way to the dining room. For my entree, I ordered grilled Waygu short-rib, served atop black-truffle Parisian gnocchi with rappini and shaved European Fall Truffle, ($56). It was decadent; the waitress had mentioned it was more like a steak than what one traditionally thinks of when they think short-ribs and she was absolutely right. Had I not known better I would've thought it was a prime cut of beef tenderloin; either way though, easily one of the best meals I've had all year. Allie ordered the Mero sea bass served with baby-corn and sunchoke with smoked tomato beurre blanc and seared to perfection ($53). Both of us were delighted with our meals and the attentive, gracious service. Attire is more on the formal side as one would expect dining at a restaurant of this caliber- jackets are required for men, while Allie wore a dress each of our visits. Reservations are a must.
In addition to The Immigrant, guests may also choose to dine at The Wisconsin room, located on the main level. Described on the American Club site as 'farm fresh cuisine served in an elegant yet approachable atmosphere'.
Whether a special occasion, or just a romantic getaway, the premiere and historic resort experience of The American Club and fine dining at The Immigrant is a combination that should be on the 'must visit' list of every discerning Midwesterner. From the moment you arrive, to the moment you depart you'll be treated to impeccable service, warm, welcoming luxury, and historic charm that will linger in your mind, and have you planning your return visit.
$240-$1000 per night depending on the room.


At a time when more and more Canadians are attending university at different stages in their lives and for vastly different reasons, the idea of students comprising a uniform political constituency is increasingly absurd.
Even the cultural lingo of university life—characterized by tired, broke, and hungry young students cramming for their next midterm—is more and more removed from reality.
A full-time student living in residence, immersed in classes and the campus community, is now the exception rather than the rule. Increasingly, students are attending university part-time and working to make ends meet, or living with their parents and working to pay their university tuition.
Moreover, as Canada approaches 70 per cent post-secondary education attainment, degree inflation is becoming a serious concern. A bachelor's degree is slowly taking on the value of a high school diploma while a graduate degree has begun to replace a bachelor's as the benchmark of higher education.
This has essentially created a market for post-secondary degrees that responds to supply and demand. Departments or faculties like theology, classics and philosophy—fields once valued as intellectual pursuits in their own right—are now subject to budgetary review and tough questions as universities compete with colleges to facilitate applied skills that can lead directly to employment.
In short, there is nothing uniform about university student life anymore. And, given that universities are now inextricably linked with the wider economy and labour market, there are no easy answers to some of the problems that post-secondary institutions must confront.
This is the environment that student unions like UMSU and the University of Winnipeg Students' Association (UWSA) must contend with. To what extent can a student union advocate for issues or take a political stance given the different, and often contradictory, political views and practical interests of the student body it represents?
During the recent municipal election in Winnipeg, UMSU and the UWSA provided different answers to this increasingly important question.
As far as UMSU was concerned, there was no preferred result in the municipal election. Winnipeggers would determine the best mayoral candidate and council candidates to represent them without UMSU's help.
"We supported the vote and the democratic process but we certainly did not endorse a candidate because we knew we'd have to work with whoever won," said Al Turnbull, UMSU president.
Meanwhile, UWSA president Rorie Mcleod Arnould voiced disappointment at the success of several right-leaning councillors while supporting re-elected councillors Jenny Gerbasi (Fort Rouge-East Fort Garry) and Ross Eadie (Mynarski). Both Gerbasi and Eadie have ties to the NDP, the Canadian Union of Public Employees, and the Canadian Labour Council.
The CFS is notorious for harbouring a left-wing or social democratic ideology, supporting tuition freezes, bottled water bans, lower fees for international students, and a plethora of other left-wing causes. In 2012, they supported the Quebec student strike over a modest increase in tuition fees in the province; the strike led to protesters clashing with police in Montreal.
It was instructive that, when the Manitoba chapter of CFS retracted a Winnipeg mayoral candidate report card due to unclear assessment criteria, UMSU came down hard against the report card.
"It was a juvenile gradient of the candidates that failed to mask the subjectivity and bias of the organization; the Canadian Federation of Students represents all students and should be focused on presenting the information to its members and leaving them to decide," Turnbull told the Manitoban.
"An arbitrary evaluation based on no metric is a fairly disgraceful way for a seemingly reputable organization to weigh in on civic politics," Turnbull said.
Zach Fleisher, the chairperson for CFS-Manitoba, is the former vice-president advocate for the UWSA. He refused to comment on the report card when contacted by the Manitoban last month.
Indeed, the UWSA seems to agree with the CFS's left-wing politics to a great extent.
The July event was held at the University of Winnipeg. Other groups involved with the event included the left-wing Canadian Dimension magazine, the Canadian Labour Congress, and the Council of Canadians.
It included workshops like "How do we stop Energy East?" (a pipeline from the Alberta oil sands), "How do we defeat the Conservative agenda?" and "Neo-liberalism and the assault on public education." The latter workshop was led by both the president, Rorie Mcleod Arnould, and vice-president advocate, Peyton Veitch, of the UWSA.
Imagine for a moment that the president of the UWSA presented at a right-wing forum or was affiliated with an organization that sought to build a broad strategic alliance against socialist and social democratic policies in Canada. They would rightly be dismissed as paranoid and politically exclusionary.
Ultimately, as student demographics change and as the utility of a post-secondary education evolves, student unions are faced with tough choices. They can either indulge in their own political activism, largely separate from the diversity of political views and practical concerns of a changing student body, or they can accept their limited role in political and campus life.
In this, I think UMSU has taken the right approach. While the idea of a neutral and benign organization that simply delivers services and fosters respectful pluralism isn't palatable to the more politically outspoken, it is ultimately the most realistic option available.
It is also an option that doesn't preclude taking strong stances on specific issues. For example, supporting policies to mitigate sexual harassment is important in ensuring a respectful campus environment for everyone. Furthermore, the U-Pass is a policy with broad-based appeal and universal benefits for students.
But these issues are few and far between, and should be debated and eventually supported for their universal benefits, not because they correspond to some radical ideological agenda, either from the left or the right.


The Anarkismo network has already published a statement that it would wait until all parts of the accusations by Reid Ross and Stephens were published, as well as the answers of M. Schmidt, before making any judgements on the case. Now that this has been forthcoming, as well as two more responses by Reid Ross, we are issuing a second statement to make public our intentions regarding the present situation.
We are very pleased to be able to congratulate you on the realisation of your First Congress as a specific anarchist political organisation. In light of the disbanding of the Federación Anarco-Comunista Argentina we believe that this is a very important step both for our shared especifista tendency as well as for the development of anarchism in general, both in Argentina and the region.
Anarchist Women attending to the Young Women Conference, in a small village Amara which is in Urfa (Kurdistan), made a speech on the resistance in Kobane, the effect of women on this resistance and women's freedom struggle.
This year marks the 140 year anniversary of the first anarchist International held at St.Imier, Switzerland, in 1872. In celebration of the anniversary an international gathering was called in St.Imier in mid-August. A contingent of Collective Action militants attended the gathering along with thousands of other anarchists from around the world to discuss politics, create new international ties and, of course, have some fun.
The Black Flame blog has just been updated. The blog collates news, views and reviews of Lucien van der Walt and Michael Schmidt's book, "Black Flame: the revolutionary class politics of anarchism and syndicalism".
The Zabalaza Books pages have moved to the new ZB site.
The revolution that will put end to the global capitalist system will survive if it will succeed in a very short time to replace the authoritarian power structure with a direct democracy one, in a big enough part of the developed world, that will be able to survive independently and protect itself.
This article points out a couple of issues that are slowing down our movement. They are single issue and individualism & lifestyle. Many of our comrades in UK an Europe work only on a single issue, in addition some of us do not try hard enough beyond our lifestyle . Of course, our weaknesses are not only these two , in fact there are many more but in this article I just concentrate on these two.
Now, the way to take will be to create a new model organization: a Confederation of Autonomous Municipalities/Communities.


This extremely popular sun hat excels in all types of outdoor activities and weather conditions.
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Flimsier than a few customers expected. Runs small.
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A few complaints that hat is too big.
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Available in a number of different colors. Snaps located on side of hat to hold brim up. Includes neck protection. Material wicks sweat.
Too lightweight and flimsy for some. Some issues with durability.
This high-quality hat offers supreme breathability and durability from a reliable brand.
Offers an Omni-wick sweat band. Mesh sections for breathability and comfort. Easily packable. Extremely lightweight. Adjustable drawstring chin strap.
Brim could be sturdier. Can be hard to find right size.
Buyers seeking a sun hat with the utmost in sun protection should check out this heavy-duty option.
Includes flap for back and sides of neck, as well as a face mask for front sun protection. Offered in a few different colors. Quick-drying when wet. Easy to pack.
If you're a man who spends time outdoors, you might want to invest in a sun hat. Of course, sunscreen is a good way to protect yourself from the UV rays of the sun. But sunscreen wears off, requiring multiple applications. What's more, there may be times when you don't want to get sunscreen on your hands, like when you're golfing or fishing. A sun hat has extra fabric to provide not only the top of your head but also your ears, neck, and face. Sun hats are comfortable, stylish, and fun to wear, too.
Select a light-colored sun hat if you don't want the fabric to heat up. Darker fabrics tend to attract and retain more heat from the sun.
Sun hats for men come in various designs, and some provide a greater level of sun protection than others. For example, some men's sun hats have extra flaps of fabric that hang off the sides and back, shielding the ears and neck.
Here's a list of some of the most common sun hat designs for men.
Baseball cap: A baseball cap sun hat has a brim in front that shields the face and eyes from sunlight. However, unless it has an extra flap of fabric that hangs off the back, this type of hat won't protect the ears and neck.
Bucket hat: A bucket-style sun hat has a mid-size brim that points downward. It's traditionally used as a fishing hat, and it shields the ears nicely, though it may not fully protect the skin on the neck.
Cowboy hat: A cowboy sun hat is highly stylish with a wide brim for added protection. Some cowboy hats have brims that curl, thereby reducing the width of the brim. Due to the curl, the degree of sun protection provided isn't consistent from one cowboy hat to the next.
Fedora: This is a stylish men's sun hat with a tall crown and a mid-size brim. For looks, the brim of the fedora may be pointed upward. In this case, the hat won't provide a high degree of sun protection.
Floppy sun hat: A floppy sun hat has an extra-wide brim that flops around (hence the name). Floppy hats often come with chin straps for added security. These hats are available in many colors and have a fun, relaxed look.
Straw hat: A straw sun hat typically has a very wide brim that maximizes sun protection. Because the straw material is firm, the hat may crush under pressure. It's not a durable material, either.
If the fabric in the men's sun hat has a UPF rating of 50 or higher, it should block 98% to 99% of the sun's UV rays.
A sun hat may be made of cotton, nylon, canvas, polyester, or straw. Other than straw, most of these materials are quite durable. You may wish to select a hat made of a fabric that has an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) rating of at least 50. If the hat is not labeled with a UPF rating, hold the fabric up to the light. For maximum sun protection, no light should penetrate the fabric.
Some men's sun hats have a mesh panel or another type of mesh component to encourage airflow and keep you cool. Unless the mesh is tightly woven, however, it will allow some light through the fabric. Another option is a moisture-wicking fabric. This will pull sweat away from your skin, keeping you cool.
Some men's sun hats are made of flexible, soft materials — like the floppy sun hat or the bucket-style sun hat. These hats are easier to clean than a stiff-style hat. If you plan to travel with the hat and need to pack it, consider a flexible hat that will fold down to a small size.
Stiff-style hats, like straw hats and cowboy hats, are usually made of lightweight material and feel comfortable on the head. However, this type of hat requires quite a bit of space in a suitcase or bag, and it could become crushed or otherwise lose its shape if not packed properly.
Nylon and canvas are two of the most durable sun hat materials. If you want your hat to last a long time, consider products made of these materials.
Many simple sun hats for men cost between $5 and $15. Some floppy-style sun hats sit in this price range. You'll find straw hats in this price range, too, along with baseball caps. Remember, however, that straw hats don't provide much durability, and baseball caps don't typically protect the ears and neck.
A mid-priced sun hat falls in the $15 to $40 range. Often, you'll have multiple colors and styles to choose from when you opt to spend this much. Sun hats in this price range tend to be quite durable, too.
For a high-end men's sun hat, expect to pay $40 to $100. Stylish cowboy hats fit this price range; in fact, some cowboy hats may cost even more.
For the utmost in sun protection, select a men's sun hat that has the widest possible brim (about four inches) and is made of solid fabric rather than mesh.
Note the brim width. The brim on a sun hat should measure at least two inches in width. Wider brims grant more sun protection. Bear in mind, however, that some hat brims get in the way. For example, a brim width of four inches provides a high level of sun protection, but for some people, this is too much width.
Consider a hat made of moisture wicking material. If you're hiking while wearing your sun hat, moisture wicking material can keep you cool. This type of fabric pulls sweat away from your head. Check the product specs to see if the sun hat you're considering is designed to wick moisture.
Check cleaning instructions. Some men's sun hats are made to be washed in a washing machine. Others must be spot cleaned. If you'll be participating in activities where the hat will become soiled frequently, you'll want an easy-to-clean hat.
The Camo Coll Boonie Hat looks quite traditional, but it's available in multiple colors that may deliver a little more style than the typical men's sun hat. For a stylish shape, it's tough to outdo the Sunday Afternoons Havana Hat. This is a fedora-style hat with a wide brim. If you want matching hats, consider the Friendly Swede Sun Hat: these ship as a two-pack and look great on men or women. The Top Level Fishing Sun Cap has a style that resembles a baseball hat. It has a longer brim than normal, and it includes a long ear and neck flap for additional sun protection.
Some of the skin on your shoulders or neck may be exposed to the sun when you turn your head while wearing a sun hat. You may wish to apply sunscreen to these areas.
Q. How do I know I'm picking the right sun hat size?
Q. Why would I pick a darker color in a sun hat? I don't want the fabric to feel hot.
A. The best reason to pick a dark hat is to avoid the appearance of dirt and stains. Lighter fabrics tend to show stains more clearly than darker fabrics. However, it is true that a dark-colored sun hat may feel warmer on your head. It may also fade over time due to sunlight exposure.
Q. Should I select the widest brim I can find?
A. A wide brim provides excellent sun protection, but you also must consider what you'll be doing while wearing the hat. If you'll be playing sports, for example, a wider brim may not be desirable. As you turn your head to look around, the brim may hit your shoulders or back, knocking the hat loose. A wider brim limits your visibility, too.


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The travel restrictions in place in every country in Europe
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Table of Contents AlbaniaAndorraAustriaBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgNorth MacedoniaMaltaMoldovaMonacoMontenegroNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomVatican City Many countries have travel restrictions in place in a bid to control the spread of COVID-19. The latest big changes include: The three presidents of the EU Commission have officially signed an agreement on the COVID-19 EU Digital COVID […]
Many countries have travel restrictions in place in a bid to control the spread of COVID-19.
The latest big changes include:
The three presidents of the EU Commission have officially signed an agreement on the COVID-19 EU Digital COVID Certificate (EUDCC).
The EUDCC will enter regulation on 1 July and is currently being trialled in several countries.
An increase of six member states, now totaling thirteen, have connected to the certificate gateway that will allow safe travel within the EU. New additions include Austria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, and Spain.
The United Kingdom has delayed entering the next stage of its lockdown roadmap by four weeks due to the spread of the Delta variant.
This article is updated regularly.
Here's a summary of the travel restrictions being enforced across Europe and beyond:
Albania continues to advise against non-essential travel.
Measures to contain COVID-19 remain in effect, including has a curfews and limited social gatherings.
All land borders are now open.
Travellers entering Albania from Greece and North Macedonia must quarantine in their accommodation for two weeks.
A negative PCR test taken less than 72 hours before arrival is required for all foreign nationals.
Access to Andorra requires passing through either Spain or France, so check their travel restrictions before planning your trip.
The state of Andorra remains under strict travel restrictions with officials advising against all but essential travel. Travel for tourism is currently on hold.
Safety measures include restrictions around leisure, culture, sport and skiing.
Travellers who intend to stay in Andorra for more than three nights need to present a negative PCR test result.
Up to 60 per cent of the population will be vaccinated by the end of June if targets are met.
Hotels, restaurants, and leisure facilities are now open for summer tourism.
A landing ban for flights from South Africa, India, Brazil, and the UK is in effect.
Entry to all indoor public spaces requires either a negative COVID test or proof of vaccination.
All public spaces and tourist destinations are open with no restrictions in place.
Commercial flights to Belarus are back in the air following a brief closure earlier this year.
Flights from the UK are back in action after temporary suspension due to the alleged hijacking of a Ryanair flight.
All foreign arrivals must have proof of a negative PCR test issued no later than 72 hours before entry.
Belgium hopes to kickstart "free and safe" travel following their entry into the EU Digital COVID Certification scheme.
Bars and restaurants in Belgium have reopened.
Destinations have been split into colour-coded zones, similar to the system in France and the UK.
Those entering the country must fill in a Passenger Locator Form (PLF) 48 hours before arrival, and present a negative PCR test taken no earlier than 72 hours before travel.
Children will be granted two free PCR tests to encourage family travel.
Masks are no longer required in outdoor spaces but remain compulsory in indoor spaces such shops and places of worship.
Bosnia and Herzegovina are open to tourists as long as they can present a negative PCR result, issued no less than 48 hours before travel, or proof of vaccination more than two weeks old.
Only nationals from neighbours Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia can enter the country without these.
Grocery stores, pharmacies, restaurants, and cafes are open, along with most other businesses, but a curfew is in place between 11pm and 5am.
People must wear masks in outdoor and indoor public spaces and on public transport.
The Bosnia and Herzegovina border police are publishing regular updates about foreign travel here.
Bulgaria has started operating a travel pass for fully vaccinated travellers or those who can prove they have had – and recovered from – COVID-19.
A negative COVID-19 PCR test taken no more than 72 hours before travel is necessary for entry.
People travelling from India, Bangladesh, Brazil, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Maldives Islands, Pakistan and some countries and territories in Africa are prohibited from arriving into Bulgaria – this is due for review at the end of July.
There are no restrictions on travel between cities, and police-operated checkpoints have ceased. The leisure and entertainment sector is either on lockdown or operating at reduced capacity.
Wearing a face mask is mandatory in all indoor public spaces and all outdoor spaces where it is not possible to maintain a social distance of at least 1.5 metres. Fines of up to €1,000 are in place for failing to comply.
Croatia has started operating a travel pass for fully vaccinated travellers or those who can prove they have had – and recovered from – COVID-19.
All passengers coming from an EU/EEA country on the 'green list' are allowed into Croatia, as long as they can show a negative PCR test taken 48 hours before departing, or a vaccination certificate showing that at least 14 days have passed since their first or second injection.
Failing to provide any of the above documents, travellers have the obligation to isolate themselves for 10 days on arrival in Croatia. this isolation can be shortened by obtaining a negative result in a PCR test or rapid antigenic carried out in Croatia.
People from the UK or any other non-EU/EEA country are permitted to enter for essential travel.
The government are encouraging people to exercise caution after reports of a number of coronavirus cases associated with visits to bars and nightclubs.
Cyprus is open for tourism.
The country has a colour-coded system in place, with requirements for travellers depending on their location.
A new announcement revealed travellers from Poland and Romania will be exempt from testing and self-isolation requirements when entering the country, moving from the orange to the green list.
Arrivals from Croatia and Spain have had the opposite enforced and now require double testing to enter.
There are no requirements for a vaccine certificate, but a Cyprus Flight Pass must be obtained in all cases, along with a negative PCR test for orange and red list arrivals.
There is a curfew in place which restricts movement between 9pm and 5am and face masks are required in all public spaces.
Czech Republic has started operating a travel pass for fully vaccinated travellers or those who can prove they have had – and recovered from – COVID-19.
Travellers are also required to fill in the Passenger Locator Form and present it upon arrival.
Denmark has started operating a travel pass for fully vaccinated travellers or those who can prove they have had – and recovered from – COVID-19.
Fully vaccinated tourists can now travel to Denmark.
The country has introduced an exemption for travellers who hold a COVID-19 vaccination certificate.
The country is slowly opening up as they have controlled the virus well. They aim to lift all restrictions by 1 October.
Restaurants can serve customers indoors if they have been vaccinated, or can show a negative test result.
Masks are not required outdoors, except on public transport during rush hour and for standing passengers.
Estonia admits people with no COVID-19 symptoms arriving from the EU or EEA.
A 10-day quarantine period will be applied if you are arriving from an EU/EEA country with an infection rate higher than 150 cases per 100,000 of the population in the last 14 days.
Travel documents and medical symptoms are checked at the borders.
The government is also looking to waiver restrictions for travellers who have a COVID-19 vaccination certificate.
Border restrictions in Finland have been extended until June, but regular passenger flights have resumed with tighter security measures at borders.
A 14-day quarantine period is being enforced, alongside a mandatory health check on arrival.
The French government has announced they will update their COVID-19 vaccination certificate on 22 June in order to streamline with the EU Digital COVID Certificate.
This will allow limitless cross-Europe travel using proof of vaccination, a negative test result, or proof of recovery from COVID-19 less than six months ago.
Fully-vaccinated visitors from the United Kingdom and the United States will still be required to produce a negative test result. But they will no longer have to quarantine and non-essential travel will now be allowed.
A traffic light system launched on 4 June allowed 36 countries entry into France with proof of a PCR or antigen test taken within the last 72 hours.
Countries classed "red" under the French system include Argentina, Chile, South Africa, India, Pakistan, and Turkey.
From 20th June, there will no longer be a curfew and mask-wearing will not be compulsory outdoors "except in certain circumstances: when people gather together when they are in a crowded place, in a queue, on a market or in the stands of a stadium,"
Germany has started operating a travel pass for fully vaccinated travellers or those who can prove they have had – and recovered from – COVID-19.
Travellers entering the country need to fill out a digital registration form before they travel and must have proof of a negative COVID test.
This is expected to change on 1 July when most pandemic travel warnings are expected to lift.
Arrivals from other "areas of variant of concern" are expected to head straight home to quarantine domestically for ten days. A negative PCR test cuts this to five.
These countries include: Botswana, Brazil, Eswatini, India, Lesotho, Mozambique, Malawi, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Zambia, South Africa, Uruguay, and Northern Ireland.
Greece has officially launched its tourism season, meaning restrictions have also lessened.
Greece has started operating a travel pass for fully vaccinated travellers or those who can prove they have had – and recovered from – COVID-19.
There are plans to declare 80 islands – including most of the country's main holiday hotspots – safe by the end of June.
Beaches are open but people must socially distance.
Restaurants and bars can stay open until midnight. A curfew is in place with all hospitality from 12:30am to 5am.
A PCR test, EU Digital Certificate, or proof of vaccination are required for almost all arrivals.
All arrivals must fill in a Passenger Locator Form.
As a general rule, only Hungarian citizens have been allowed to enter Hungary since 1 September 2020.
Foreigners travelling on business or to take part in sport or cultural events are allowed to enter Hungary, providing they have two negative COVID-19 tests or quarantine on their arrival.
Curfews are no longer in place. Shops and service providers are now open as normal.
All travellers are now welcome in Iceland as long as they can provide a full certificate of vaccination against COVID or proof that they have had – and recovered from – COVID-19.
If you hold a certificate, you are required to undergo a free COVID-19 test upon arrival. Travellers must wait for the result of this test (usually received within 5-6 hours but may take up to 24 hours) at their accommodation. If negative, no quarantine or second test is required.
All passengers must complete a 14-day mandatory hotel quarantine if you have travelled from any country deemed high risk by the Irish government.
Travellers from lower risk countries quarantining at home can take a free PCR test after 5 days. Quarantine can end if the result comes back negative.
People arriving in Ireland without evidence of a negative/'not-detected' test result will be committing an offence.
Italy has started issuing and accepting the EUDCC.
Entry from Sri Lanka, India, and Bangladesh is banned until 21 June.
A nightly curfew is in place in all yellow regions from 11pm to 5am. Between 7 and 20 June, curfew is from midnight to 5am. Curfew ends on 21 June.
The country is colour coded, with the majority in yellow zones, meaning outdoor dining is allowed and hotels are open.
Mask wearing remains compulsory in public places,
All but essential travel to and from Kosovo is generally advised against, and the government has announced strict temporary measures to control the virus.
A negative PCR test less than 72 hours old is required by all foreign travellers entering Kosovo from countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases.
These countries are marked as red or orange on the official ECDC map here.
Entry to Latvia is permitted for essential purposes only.
Everyone who intends to enter Latvia is required to complete and submit an electronic form no earlier than 48 hours before entering Latvia.
A 10-day self-isolation must be observed upon arrival in Latvia – even if you test negative.
All arrivals must show a negative PCR test performed no more than 72 hours before flying to be allowed to enter Latvia.
Travellers who have been vaccinated for COVID-19 are exempted from providing a negative PCR test (a certificate of vaccination is needed).
Anybody travelling to Liechtenstein from a 'high risk' country must quarantine for 10 days upon arrival.
For the most part, the tourism industry is operating and the usual COVID-19 measures such as wearing face masks and social distancing apply in public spaces.
Liechtenstein follows Switzerland's travel advice, so information about travel in either country can be found here.
Foreign nationals travelling to Lithuania must complete an online registration form no earlier than 24 hours before they begin their journey.
A 10 day quarantine is in place.
The borders remain open to EU and EEA citizens but movement within the country is extremely restricted.
Anyone arriving in Lithuania will need to present a negative PCR test no older than 48 hours or submit to being tested on arrival at the airport. All travellers are required to then quarantine for 10 days.
Luxembourg is welcoming tourists, but arrivals will be required to present a negative PCR or antigen test no older than 72 hours.
There is no requirement to quarantine when entering Luxembourg. However, if you do not have evidence of a negative test or submit to a rapid antigen test at the airport (which costs €10), you will need to self-isolate for 14 days or until you can show a negative test.
An overnight curfew is in place between 11 pm and 6 am.
The borders are open in North Macedonia.
Bars, restaurants and cafes are open for business with social distancing and extra hygiene measures in place.
Other businesses including shops and hairdressers are open.
Malta is operating by a traffic light system which will determine which restrictions you will be subject to when you arrive.
All arrivals from countries not on the green list will be required to present a negative PCR test, no older than 72 hours. Failure to provide a test result may result in testing on arrival.
There is no requirement to quarantine when arriving to Malta currently in place.
Moldova is under a state of emergency, during which time bars, restaurants and cafes must close between 10 pm and 7 am.
Most hotels are open with no restrictive measures in place.
Public events with less than 50 people are allowed, but not near areas with a high risk of infection.
Regular updates on travel restrictions, which depend on where you're travelling from, come from the border police website here.
Monaco is open for tourists and is following the EU traffic light system to determine restrictions for arrivals.
Visitors have to present a negative PCR test no more than 72 hours before arrival. In the absence of a negative test, a quarantine will be enforced.
Travellers require evidence of a negative PCR test taken 72 hours prior to travel.
In most cases, arrivals to Montenegro will need to isolate for 14 days.
Curfews are still being enforced.
Foreign tourists traveling from safe countries with a low COVID-19 risk are welcome in the Netherlands.
All arrivals must present a negative PCR test, no older than 72 hours and fill in a health declaration form.
Anyone arriving in the Netherlands from highly impacted areas are required to undergo 10 days self-quarantine.
No negative test or quarantine period is required for visitors arriving from "safe" countries across the EU, Asia, and Oceania. A full list can be found here.
The Norwegian borders are still closed to most territories.
All arrivals to Norway will need to provide evidence of a negative PCR test carried out 24 hours prior to travel.
Travellers from some European areas with low infection rate are now allowed to enter the country.
It is possible to shorten the quarantine period if testing negative on day 7.
All travellers to Norway must also have filled out an online registration form prior to arrival.
Poland has started operating a travel pass for fully vaccinated travellers or those who can prove they have had – and recovered from – COVID-19.
Borders are open to travellers from the majority of EU/EEA countries.
Poland now allows travellers with a COVID-19 vaccination certificate to enter without the need to quarantine.
Travellers from most European countries are welcome in Portugal, including for non-essential travel. All arrivals over age 2 must show a negative PCR test and will be subject to health screening when they land. There is no requirement to quarantine.
The UK recently unexpectedly added Portugal to its 'amber list', leaving many British tourists scrambling to get back home.
Madeira is now allowing any passengers who can prove they have been vaccinated or recently recovered from coronavirus to visit as part of a "green travel corridor".
Face masks must be worn in public and social distancing and extra hygiene measures are in force in all public settings. Restaurants and event spaces must close at 10:30pm.
Similar measures have been adopted in the archipelago regions of Azores and Madeira.
Hotels, guesthouses and other tourist accommodation are open and subject to COVID-19 restrictions.
A curfew is in place between 10 pm and 5 am, during which time you will need to prove your reason for travelling.
Only essential travel is allowed for people coming from non EU/EEA countries, which includes the UK.
UK passengers must provide a negative PCR test result upon arrival.
Temporary restrictions on entry and exit via Russia's land borders were enforced at the end of March, to be reviewed in June.
All arrivals into Russia will be temperature checked and will be required to provide a negative PCR test result upon arrival.
More information about Russia's COVID-19 response here.
San Marino is open to tourists and has virtually no entry restrictions in place.
If you are accessing San Marino through Italy, you'll need to check Italy's travel advice before you set off.
Restaurants, bars, cafes and other leisure facilities are open with social distancing measures and face mask requirements in place.
You can check the Re-open EU website for more information.
All arrivals to Serbia must provide a negative PCR test performed no more than 48 hours before departure to be allowed entry. You may also be subject to a 10-day quarantine.
The usual COVID-19 safety measures apply once you're there.
Restaurants, cafes and bars are allowed to serve customers in their outdoor spaces, and indoors at reduced capacity, until 10pm.
Most travellers are subject to entry restrictions in Slovakia as the virus continues to spread.
All arrivals, including from the EU/EEA or Switzerland, will need to provide a negative PCR test result upon arrival and undertake a period of self-isolation. They will also need to register their arrival in an online form.
The Slovenian borders are open and health checks may be carried out upon your arrival.
A new list of red list countries has been announced as the country adopts a traffic light system. If you're coming from a 'red list' country, you'll be asked to quarantine for 10 days when you arrive.
COVID-19 restrictions vary between municipalities.
Spain has reopened to tourists, providing they can prove they have been vaccinated against COVID-19.
Spain is one of the more recent additions to countries partaking in the EUDCC in preparation for the summer.
Antigen tests are now accepted instead of PCRs for travellers from countries on the list of risk zones – including France and Germany – while no tests are required for low-incidence areas.
International flights to and from Sweden remain limited and you may be subject to entry restrictions.
UK and non EU/EEA arrivals are no longer banned, but do require a test upon entry, and on day five after arrival. Self-isolation is also required for a week after entry,
Most of the economy remains open with social distancing, face masks and extra hygiene measures in force.
The government has advised Swedish citizens to avoid all but essential travel outside the EU/EEA and Schengen Area.
Bars and restaurants have been allowed to reopen for outdoor service and cultural activities can resume.
Visiting countries have been divided into three categories: low risk, countries with a worrying variant, and neighbouring countries.
Switzerland has a larger permitted list of countries than most European countries. It is updated regularly here.
The usual requirements are in place, including negative PCR test results and a completed online entry form.
Arrivals who have visited high-risk countries within 10 days of travel will still need to self-isolate.
Most travellers to Turkey aged 6 years and above will be required to show a negative PCR test result before they can enter the country and may be subject to health screening when they arrive.
Public and hospitality services are open but subject to curfews from 9pm to 5am. This is due for review on 1 July.
Fully vaccinated permit holders under 18 and over 65 years of age are not subject to these curfews.
Smoking in public is banned for the time being.
Outdoor mask wearing is mandatory.
Turkish Airlines have published a country-by-country breakdown of flight restrictions to Turkey.
The country is divided into yellow, orange, and red zones, with the view of all turning green through vaccination efforts. All visitors must have health insurance.
Strict measures in red zones with zero hospitality and no public events. Other zones allow for hospitality and events with social distancing and a curfew of midnight-7am.
Entry restrictions depend on whether you're travelling from a 'green' or 'red' zone country.
Anyone entering Ukraine from high-risk countries will be required to undergo 14 days supervised quarantine.
It is possible to take a PCR test in Ukraine, and if it is negative, quarantine will not be needed.
The fourth and final stage of the UK's 'lockdown roadmap' has been delayed due to concerns over the rising Delta variant.
The UK has updated its travel restrictions to a traffic light system which includes green, amber and red. Travel restrictions vary for each, more information here.
There are no longer any legal restrictions for international travel but people are strongly discouraged from travelling to countries on the red/amber list. More information here.
All arrivals into the UK must show a negative PCR test, fill in a passenger locator form and quarantine for 10 days.
Vatican City has reopened its doors to tourists following the easing of Italy's travel restrictions.
Fri Jun 18 , 2021
Located on the island of New Providence, Nassau Bahamas is the capital of this island archipelago. It's a popular port of call for cruise ships and a top tourist destination in its own right. With white sandy beaches and warm clear waters, it's a true tropical paradise for swimming, snorkeling, […]
Most covid-19 travel constraints must be scrapped
U.S. extends travel curbs at Canada, Mexico land borders through Aug. 21
Canada loosens travel limits for vaccinated US visitors | Coronavirus pandemic Information
US vacation limitations: CDC issues new assistance for a lot more than 120 countries
California bans condition-funded vacation to five new states around anti-LGBTQ guidelines
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SERAP asks Buhari, state governors to disclose security votes spending in 2021
EconomyHeadlines
By Impact NGR	 On Dec 28, 2020
SERAP-Muhammadu Buhari
The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has requested President Muhammadu Buhari and the 36 state governors to disclose an explain details of their proposed 'security votes' spending in the 2021 budgets.
SERAP made the demand through the Freedom of Information (FoI).
In the FoI requests dated December 26, 2020 and signed by SERAP's Deputy Director, Kolawole Oluwadare, the organisation said disclosing details of spending as security votes for 2021 would serve to engage the Nigerian people in an honest conversation about the security challenges confronting the country, and what the federal and state governments are doing to respond to them.
"This is a legitimate public interest matter. While SERAP understands that authorities may keep certain operational matters secret from the people in the name of national security, there is no constitutional or legal basis to hide basic information on public spending from the people," the group said.
SERAP said that there need for accountability of government spending on security in view of incessant cases of security challenges in the country.
"In the wake of the abduction of over 344 students from the Government Science Secondary School, Kankara, Katsina State, and ongoing security challenges in several parts of the country, the time has come to demonstrate transparency and accountability in the spending of public funds meant to secure life and property, it added."
The group expressed concerns that the intense secrecy and lack of meaningful oversight of the government's spending of security votes have, for many years, contributed to mismanagement and large-scale corruption in the sector, as well as limited the ability of the people to hold high-ranking public officials to account for their constitutional responsibility to ensure the security and welfare of the people.
SERAP argued that "the government's responsibility to guarantee and ensure security and welfare of the Nigerian people is closely interlinked with your responsibility under Section 15(5) of the Nigerian Constitution 1999 (as amended) to abolish all corrupt practices and abuse of office.
accountabilitybuhariFOLgovernorssecuritySERAPspendingvote
Nigeria's women affairs minister, Tallen, tests positive for coronavirus
Trump finally signs $2.3 trillion Covid-19 relief package for Americans


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Q: ggplot2 geom_rect plot quartiles stacked with data point and discrete x-axis I have data that is structured like this:
msr_type <- c('Clinic','Hospital','Lab','Office')
result <- c(10.5, 21.9, 30.5, 14.5)
sec_q <- c(9.5, 15.2, 25, 9)
third_q <- c(11, 17, 34, 20)
four_q <- c(17, 25, 29, 25)
df_check <- data.frame(msr_type, result, sec_q, third_q, four_q)

It's easy enough plotting the result as a dot:
ggplot() + geom_point(data=df_check, aes(x=msr_type, y=result), colour="blue")

But is there a way to use geom_rect to plot quartiles depending on the msr_type, given that it's a discrete variable stacked on top of each other?

A: Here are two possible approaches, depending on your needs. In either case, though, I think geom_col would be easier. (It's possible to use geom_rect when your x-axis data is discrete, but it's not the most straightforward. Example)
Sample data (I switched Q3 & Q4 values for Lab as Q3's value was larger, which didn't make sense):
msr_type <- c('Clinic','Hospital','Lab','Office')
result <- c(10.5, 21.9, 30.5, 14.5)
sec_q <- c(9.5, 15.2, 25, 9)
third_q <- c(11, 17, 29, 20)
four_q <- c(17, 25, 34, 25)
df_check <- data.frame(msr_type, result, sec_q, third_q, four_q)

Approach 1 (keeping the wide format of the original dataset):
ggplot(df_check,
       aes(x = msr_type)) +
  geom_col(aes(y = four_q), fill = "slategray3") +
  geom_col(aes(y = third_q), fill = "slategray2") +
  geom_col(aes(y = sec_q), fill = "slategray1") +
  geom_point(aes(y = result)) +
  xlab("") + ylab("")

Since Q2 <= Q3 <= Q4, you can simply create one set of bars for each quartile & overlay them. But if you need a legend for Q2 / Q3 / Q4, it's not that straightforward...

Approach 2 (converting the dataset to long format so that all the quartile values are in the same variable):
df_check2 <- df_check %>%
  tidyr::gather(quartile, quartile.value, -msr_type, -result) %>%
  mutate(quartile = factor(quartile, levels = c("sec_q", "third_q", "four_q")))

ggplot(df_check2,
       aes(x = msr_type)) +
  geom_col(aes(y = quartile.value, fill = quartile),
           position = position_dodge(0), width = 2.5) +
  geom_point(aes(y = result)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("slategray1", "slategray2", "slategray3")) +
  xlab("") + ylab("")

A legend is created by default using this approach. It's also more flexible if you have other quartiles / deciles / percentiles / etc to plot.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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ROBERT MARGOULEFF NAMED WSDG PROJECT ENGINEER
By hshermanpr@gmail.com
Grammy-Winner To Consult With Top Acoustic Design Firm
LOS ANGELES: Grammy-winning engineer/producer/studio-owner Robert Margouleff has joined the Walters-Storyk Design Group as Project Engineer. Margouleff brings 40+ years of hands on experience to his new role with the global architectural acoustics/ technology integration design firm. "Robert Margouleff has literally done it all," states WSDG Principal/Director of International Relations Sergio Molho. "He has accrued an incalculable wealth of real-world studio knowledge. His design, construction and technology expertise, coupled with his deep insights into project studio requirements and techniques, will be a significant new asset for our clients," Molho said.
Beyond his long-time collaboration with Stevie Wonder, capped by a Best Engineered Album Grammy for Innervisions (shared with Malcolm Cecil,) Margouleff's producer/ engineer credits include work with Devo, Billy Preston, Depeche Mode, Jeff Beck, The Doobie Brothers, Quincy Jones, and many other stellar artists. After building his Hollywood-based Mi Casa Multimedia Studios, Margouleff became a leader in surround audio for home theater, and provided 5.1 and 7.1 mixing and mastering for DVD and Blu-ray releases and restorations for such films as: The Sound Of Music, six James Bond features, Rush Hour and the complete Lord Of The Rings cycle.
Margouleff will be involved in all aspects of WSDG's west coast projects. He will consult with new clients on details ranging from site selection to design, construction, technology, acoustic treatments and systems integration.
"We began expanding our West Coast presence last March with the addition of Bob Skye as SF-based rep/project engineer," company Co-Founder John Storyk reports. "Robert Margouleff's accomplishments and skills are impossible to match, plus, he has maintained an incredible level of enthusiasm for the process. We've been friends forever, but the idea for this formal relationship was inspired by Robert's 2010 AES Keynote Address in San Francisco," Storyk concludes. "He was at the top of his game that afternoon, combining historical milestones with prescient insights into the future of the industry. I knew then that he could bring a tremendous amount of real-world experience to our shop. We are confident that his 'Project Engineer' title will cover a lot of ground. This is a great way to start the New Year."
Photo: Robert Margouleff has joined WSDG as West Coast-based Project Engineer.
Walters-Storyk Design Group has designed over 3000 media facilities worldwide. Credits include Jimi Hendrix's 1969's Electric Lady Studios; NYC's Jazz At Lincoln Center and Le Poisson Rouge; broadcast facilities for The Food Network, ESPN, and WNET; major education complexes for NYU and Berklee College of Music Boston and Valencia, Spain; media rooms for Hoffman La Roche, and other corporate clients. Recent projects include NYC's TEC award winner Jungle City Studios and private studios for Green Day, Jay-Z, Timbaland's Tim Mosley, film composer Carter Burwell, Aerosmith, Bruce Springsteen and Alicia Keys. WSDG principals John Storyk (an adjunct professor at Berklee College,) Beth Walters, Sergio Molho and Dirk Noy lecture frequently at universities and industry events, and contribute regularly to industry publications.WSDG has collaborated with such noted architects as Frank Gehry, Rafael Vinoly, Norman Foster, Oscar Niemeyer, Phillipe Stark and Nicholas Grimshaw. WSDG is a seven-time winner of the prestigious NAMM TEC Award for outstanding achievement in Acoustics/Facility Design. The firm maintains offices in NY, SF, Miami, Buenos Aires,Belo Horizonte, Basel, Beijing, Barcelona, Mexico City and Mumbai.
TODD BARRETT NAMED WSDG PROJECT MANAGER
Bob Skye Joins WSDG As West Coast Representative, Project Engineer
Bob Skye Joins WSDG As West Coast Rep/Project Engineer
AND THE 2016 TEC STUDIO DESIGN PROJECT AWARD GOES TO… WSDG FOR PAUL EPWORTH'S THE CHURCH STUDIO IN LONDON
3D CONSECUTIVE NAMM TEC STUDIO DESIGN PROJECT AWARD TO WSDG
WSDG EXPANDS GLOBAL REPRESENTATIVE TEAM
WSDG-Designed Studio 21A Named 2021 NAMM TEC Awards Nominee
WSDG & BSO ON THE GRAMMY TRAIL


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text:
Q: Does "in" mean "after" in "The passport will expire in 2 years"? Ok, I have a passport issued on 1 Dec 2014 and will expire on 1 Dec 2016. So I should say "The passport will expire in 2 years".
However "in" in the above sentence is a bit confused because "in" should mean "after", but I have never heard any one say "The passport will expire after 2 years". So:

Does "in" mean "after" in "The passport will expire in 2 years"?

A: In Australia, we would definitely say

The passport will expire in 2 years.

as though time followed years, and in is understood to mean about or approximately.
It is with some surprise that I read the comments from esteemed users @Janus and @Edwin, hence my qualification in Australia - perhaps this is regional usage.


text:
Jim Russell Interview in Star-Tribune
Programmer hones strategy for public radio
Deborah Caulfield Rybak, Star Tribune
Jim Russell recently was named head of new-program development at American Public Media, the program-distribution arm of Minnesota Public Radio (MPR). Russell, creator of the enormously popular business show "Marketplace," joined MPR when it bought the Los Angeles-based program in 2000.
Since then, Russell has created and launched "Weekend America," a magazine-format news show that has been steadily picking up stations nationwide (it's now carried by more than 100) and recently acquired Target Corp. as its founding sponsor. APM also distributes about 20 programs to other public radio stations, including "A Prairie Home Companion,"Sound Money"Speaking of Faith" and "The Splendid Table."
In a recent conversation, Russell talked about public radio, its challenges and how he wants APM's programming to meet them. Here are some excerpts:
You created "Marketplace," the most popular broadcast business show ever. What is the secret of its success?
One was timing, at the beginning of the transformation to a global economy. The other was that we picked the right audience.
At the beginning, someone suggested that we do a program for CEOs, to which we said, "Oh, that'll be great, if we got 'em all we'd have 500 listeners — that's exciting." Instead, it became the business show for the rest of us, not a business show for businesspeople. It's our attitude that business can sometimes be funny, sometimes sad, sometimes foolish and yet remains important.
What makes public-radio listeners different?
It isn't money, and it isn't income.
Our audience distinguishes itself by education. It is phenomenally different from the audience at large, which to me is a fantastic gift. You can do any subject, and you can be cool and hip and modern in your thinking as long as you offer people an experience that is not only entertaining and enjoyable but educational and informative.
What do you think about current public radio programming?
As wonderful as public radio is, its most popular programs, [National Public Radio's] "All Things Considered" and "Morning Edition," were invented in the '70s and the '80s — and it's the '05s! We can't just keep making those programs better and expect the audience to stay frozen in time. There needs to be a recognition that public radio can modernize and diversify its sound. That's what we're trying to do with "Weekend America" and other new programs.
Why was it necessary to create your position?
Minnesota Public Radio has really grown like Topsy for years and years and years. We needed to have more strategic thinking about which things MPR/APM was going to pursue in the national arena. What do you think of American Public Media's current slate of programs? Every single one of them is a gem; each one has a following. But now we need to ask ourselves: What connects them? What's the fiber that connects them? What is the shared sound, the shared approach, the shared vision? Frankly, when you listen to a National Public Radio program, you hear an NPR sound — whether you like it or dislike it. My challenge is to develop a public radio sound that's different from NPR but compatible.
Is it important that you be based in California?
No. In fact, it's even a little odd. But I think that it's actually beneficial. It would be very easy for the company to become insular and insulated and to not have a lot of competing opinions. California is known for its creativity, for showbiz and performance and the arts. If you can combine Minnesota values and ideas with a Western point of view, you've got a very interesting soup there.
Yet with those Minnesota roots and California creativity, one of your first new projects is a show based in Brooklyn called "The Corner," which features an
African-American, a rarity on public radio.
We're trying to invent a new way of talking to public-radio listeners and also to people who haven't been traditional public-radio listeners. James McBride is a successful journalist, author, composer and musician. He had this wonderful idea for a show set in one of those neighborhood stores on the corner where they sell everything and the people come in and tell stories and hang out. The musical accompaniment will be provided by people singing doo-wop a cappella. We're taping four pilot segments that will all appear as individual segments on "Weekend America." We'll see if we can round up the funding to do this on a continuing weekly basis.
So if we listen to "Weekend America," will we get hints about new shows you might be tinkering with?
Absolutely; it's a tryout stage.
What are the buttons on your car-radio dial tuned to?
Two of them are programmed to public radio. I have a rock oldies station and a countrywestern station. Then I have a channel with that lush, disgusting "music for lovers" music. On the AM dial I have two all-news stations. I've tried periodically to listen to some of the AM conservative talk shows because they are such a fascinating phenomenon — but they make me drive into telephone poles.
Deborah Caulfield Rybak is at [email protected]
This entry was posted in Articles & Musings on December 28, 2005 by Jim Russell.
← Personalities need not apply Marketplace Creator Jim Russell quoted in new journalism book →


The aircraft, which fly №120, shortly after takeoff from the 21 band began to decline, and crashed on a snowy field at a distance of 1500 m from the runway threshold 03, 400 in meters to the left of the axis. The collision with the ground fuselage collapsed into three main parts: the frames to the front 21-25, 29 central to the frame (partially burnt in ground fire) and to the frame 48 tail.
4 27 crew members and passengers were killed adults, 12 passengers were seriously injured. Two of the victims died 11 and 19 April at the hospital.
Total on board were people 43: 4 39 crew members and passengers. Total killed 33 people: crew 4, 29 passengers.
The investigation established that before the departure the aircraft was parked at Roshchino airport about 8 hours in conditions of precipitation in the form of wet snow and rain, air fluctuations from 0 to -1 degrees Celsius and wind more than 10 m / s. Therefore, all the conditions existed for the formation of ground icing. Stronger ground icing should be subjected to the right side of the aircraft, located on the windward side during the most intense precipitation. On-duty change of the meteorological center of Roshchino airport timely warnings about ground icing conditions were compiled, they were brought to all interested services, including the dispatcher of UTair-Technik LLC and representatives of UTair. However, the flight was not canceled.


text:
Alexander Sidorowitsch Schapowalow (; *  in Tschornaja Sloboda, Gouvernement Poltawa; † 30. April 1942) war ein russischer Metallarbeiter, Revolutionär und Autor.

Leben
Der aus einer Bauernfamilie stammende Schapowalow schloss sich 1895 dem "Petersburger Kampfbund zur Befreiung der Arbeiterklasse" an. Von 1896 bis 1901 befand er sich in der Verbannung in Ostsibirien. Als Mitglied der Bolschewiki nahm er an der Revolution von 1905 teil. Um einer erneuten Verhaftung zu entgehen, emigrierte er 1906 nach Belgien. Im Frühjahr 1917 konnte er zurückkehren. Nach der Oktoberrevolution war Schapowalow in mehreren Sowjets und in der Parteiarbeit tätig, so 1924 bis 1925 in der Zentralen Kontrollkommission der RKP(b). Er veröffentlichte seine Memoiren unter dem Titel "Auf dem Wege zum Marxismus: Erinnerungen eines Arbeiterrevolutionärs". Die deutsche Ausgabe gehörte 1933 zu den von den Nazis verbrannten Büchern.

Weblinks

Autor
Literatur (Russisch)
Mitglied der Bolschewiki
Person der Russischen Revolution 1917
Russe
Sowjetbürger
Geboren 1871
Gestorben 1942
Mann

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