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Amateurs Suffering in Hard Bondage
All Categories BDSMBONDAGEDAMSEL IN DISTRESSFOOD & OBJECT CRUSHFOOT TORTURESMOKING
1 . Elise graves - captured cunt
2 . Elise gets her pussy & clit disfigured
3 . Angel & marina get on halloween
4 . Tatianna's pussy gets shocked into submission
5 . Zayda's painful crotch rope & orgasm
HD Version - Juniper Suspended Doing Splits
(HD Version of movie by the same name 1440x1080 5.1 Surround Sound) She is now in the old out building. JR has again placed her in the splits. This time on a heavy bamboo pole suspended from the ceiling only a few inches off the ground. Naked, her arms are pulled up over her head and tied. A panel gag is buckled in her mouth and head. He comes in and ties a piece of rope to her panel gag at the top. He pulls the other end up high and ties it above her, keeping her head jacked up. He taunts her again about her small breasts. How tiny they are, how they make her look ugly. When he comes back he clamps her nipples and then ties the clamps off to the rope holding the bamboo in place. She whimpers when she sees him come out holding the clamps and cries as they go on her breasts. He makes her tell him why he is doing is, because of her small, ugly breasts. She screams out as the last one goes on. He moves the hair out of her face and consoles her, telling her this is something that has to be done. Walking back behind her he begins to tickle the bottom of her foot before moving to her armpits. She screams out, desperate for him to stop. He ask her if she prefers a whipping over a good tickling. She lets him know she doesn't want either but he tells her it doesn't work that way. He lights into her with the single tail. She screams out in agony. Her cries permeate the room. He whips her into a constant stream of sobs and cries. Her screams are overbearing. She can't stop crying. He taunts her again and again about the size of her breasts and how ugly her pussy is. She screams out uncontrollably for several minutes. He comes back again and lays into her with the single tail once more, slobber and spit falling from her panel gagged face hole. She won't be going anywhere for awhile, JR plans on punishing those small titties into compliance.
Related Categories: BONDAGE, TICKLING, AMATEUR, HUMILIATION, CORPORAL PUNISHMENT
Keywords: juniper
HD Version - Juniper Does The Splits On A Dildo And Cries About It
(HD Version of movie by the same name 1440x1080 5.1 Surround Sound) She told JR she loves to be tied with her legs spread open. So JR put her up in the attic doing the splits on a large dildo. Completely naked, each ankle is tied and pulled outward so she cannot remove herself from the position. Her arms are brought together behind her back, tied at the elbows and wrists. Her wrists are pulled up toward the ceiling. The position is demanding, she repeatedly leans her torso forward drawing her arms higher so she can rest her back. She's done it one too many times for JR's liking. He wraps rope around her neck and fashions a collar. Then attaches it to the rope holding her wrists up to the ceiling. He then places a large ring gag in her face hole jacking her mouth wide open --which she clearly was unhappy about. Almost immediately she begins to sob. Desperate gurgling sounds come from her face and drool starts to run down her chest and hit the floor. JR turns to face her and notes her little titties. He has tied a chest harness on her which causes her small breasts to be squeezed outward. He ask her if she likes her small tits. She shakes her head no and mumbles out something about them being too small. She tells him between sobs that she wants them to be bigger. He ask her if she is the president of "The Small Titty Committee". Then he takes a marker and writes above one of them "This is small". Then below it he writes "Tiny" with an arrow pointing at the small breast. She breaks down and cries profusely as he writes it, fluid draining from every orifice in her face. He can't even write on her chest without his hand being soaked from snot, tears and slobber. Once he's written on her chest he asks her if he got it right. She simply sobs and tells him their "ugly". He asks her if they should be punished for being so small. Grabbing Clover clamps he clamps each of her nipples and she sobs even further. JR takes the opportunity to write "ugly" under the other breast and "implants" above it. She starts to wail and he calmly asks her what size implants she wants. "Just bigger" she manages to get out through her gag. He suggests "D" size and she shakes her head up and down in agreement. Her face is soaked in tears, snot and slobber. Strands are hanging from every area of her face and smacking the floor beneath her. She needs a tissue bad but JR doesn't have any plans to offer her one. Instead, he has her tell him what's in her cunt. She garbles out, "a dildo". He wants to know if she thinks there is anything wrong with her cunt as well. She tells him its "ugly" also. She begins to wail and bawl loudly. He brings the Celebrator over to her and places it right on her clit which is protruding outward due to her position and the nature of her cunt being stuffed full. She hates it. Her screams are so loud, her cries so intense even JR can't stand the sound of them. He moves to tickle the bottom of her foot instead. She sees what he's about to do and pleads with him not too. She begs him with desperation yet he does it anyway. Her face is a mess. There isn't a dry spot on it. She's thoroughly exhausted from crying so JR decides to give her a little break. Before he leaves he brings out a glass of urine he captured that morning just after waking from a good night's sleep. He dips her panties into the glass and soaks them. He pulls them out dripping heavily of morning piss and stuffs them into her ring gagged face hole, taping them in place. He turns around and walks away, leaving her there.
Related Categories: BONDAGE, CANING, AMATEUR, HUMILIATION, DILDO FUCKING
HD Version - Naomi And The Cricket Head Cage
(HD Version of movie by the same name 1440x1080 5.1 Surround Sound) JR finally lets her out of the water cage and she gets placed right back into a different cage. This one is small and she barely fits into it. Her head pokes through the top and that?s all we can see of her. JR then gags her with a ring gag so her mouth stays jacked open. He fetches another cage now, one for her head. Once he gets that one locked onto her he opens the little door on top and pours 200 crickets down inside of it. She immediately freaks. Her screams of terror fill the room. The crickets are jumping all over her head, into her ears and mouth. She is absolutely terrified. The screams become so piercing JR has to get up and leave the room, leave her to suffer for awhile.
Related Categories: BONDAGE, AMATEUR, FEMALE DESPERATION
Keywords: naomi
HD Version - Church Girl Gets Locked In A Cage Full Of Water
(HD Version of movie by the same name 1440x1080 5.1 Surround Sound) Naomi found herself in the wrong place at the wrong time when JR hears a weak knock at the back door of his house. When he opens the door he finds Naomi there inquiring as to whether this is the location of the bible study class. Of course it isn?t, but he invites her in anyway telling her that it certainly is. She immediately finds herself locked in a clear cage. JR goes and gets a water hose and starts filling it up to the top. 30 minutes later Naomi has about half an inch of air between the surface of the water and the locked shut lid of the cage. The water is completely over her head. She has to strain herself to get to the air supply. Often she holds her breath and sits down in the cage to relieve the stress the awkward position places her in. JR comes back outside with several fish and tosses them into the cage with her. He lays a bible opened on the top so she can study it while suffering below the surface. Later he comes back out with a long hose so she can just sit under water since he'll be leaving for awhile to get another cage for her.
Juniper Fucks Gradually Larger Dildos HD
(Full HD 1280x720 @ 6M/sec.) When we find Juniper next she is naked and bound in a worm tie. Her arms and hands plastered to the side of her body with rope. One leg is doubled over and belted. Dildos are mounted around the room to the floor. Small ones and big ones. He lets her know she needs to first lube them up with her face hole and then fuck them. Once she fucks it to his satisfaction she must them clean each one off with, again, her mouth. She knows that last dildo is huge, something her small pussy hasn't taken before. She is nothing more than a sexual object, and know she has to perform it...
Related Categories: BONDAGE, DILDO FUCKING, AMATEUR, CORPORAL PUNISHMENT, SUSPENSION
Katessa Has Her Sex Objectified HD
(Full HD 1280x720 @ 6M/sec.) After her Luther Meet n Greet she was tied to a chair with her legs spread open and pulled back, arms in a box tie. Since her face hole wasn't needed anymore a ball gag was tightly buckled into it. Completely nude she was also completely exposed. She kept telling us in the interview she wanted her tits tied up and JR did just that. She also had clamps placed on the end of her nipples which were then tied off to her big toes which, they themselves, are tied up to the ceiling. Her pussy was repeatedly shocked, spread apart with further clamps and fucked over and over again. She was then whipped with a single-tail on her exposed inner thighs. When she came without permission she was whipped again immediately afterward. So much of her cum dripped out of her pussy a spoon was fetched to dig it out. It was then subsequently whipped all over her nostrils, lips and ball gag.
Related Categories: BONDAGE, BOUND ORGASMS, AMATEUR, CORPORAL PUNISHMENT, NIPPLE PLAY
Keywords: katessa
Zayda Gets Bagged HD
(Full HD 1280x720 @ 6M/sec.) If there is one thing JR knows about Zayda, she is terrified of having a bag pulled over her head. After stripping her nude he has tied her to a chair with a strappado. She isn't sure what is going to happen next but the second she sees him walking toward her with a bag in his hands she freaks out. Immediately she begins to buck around and scream. He quickly pulls the bag over her head, ties it off around her neck and steps back to watch her reaction. She screams, she sucks air until the bag collaspes around her face. Her mouth is in a perpetual scream as she panics inside. It doesn't take long before condensation builds up and her vision is even more obscured. She doesn't know it, but JR plans to leave her bagged for quite some time.
Related Categories: BONDAGE, ORGASM CONTROL
Keywords: zayda
Zayda Gets Bagged
If there is one thing JR knows about Zayda, she is terrified of having a bag pulled over her head. After stripping her nude he has tied her to a chair with a strappado. She isn't sure what is going to happen next but the second she sees him walking toward her with a bag in his hands she freaks out. Immediately she begins to buck around and scream. He quickly pulls the bag over her head, ties it off around her neck and steps back to watch her reaction. She screams, she sucks air until the bag collaspes around her face. Her mouth is in a perpetual scream as she panics inside. It doesn't take long before condensation builds up and her vision is even more obscured. She doesn't know it, but JR plans to leave her bagged for quite some time.
Molly Licks Up Her Tears From The Floor HD
(Full HD 1280x720 @ 6M/sec.) Still in the old out building, she is naked and tied down face first to the floor. Her arms are drawn out perpendicular to her torso and tightly tied off, latex booties cover her hands. Her legs are tied together at the ankles and then tied off to a point in the concrete floor further down from her ankles. She is wearing a tight, tall leather collar that insures she cannot rest her head on the surface below her. There is an ass hook in her sphincter which is tied to the rope holding her head and neck up. She tells JR that the ass hook makes her feel humiliated, like a piece of meat --she is a novice. She is already crying when JR comes out to address her. He asks her several questions, very personal ones, as well as how she feels and where her head is right now. She can't stop sniffling. Every answer she gives him sounds like she has been crying for weeks on end. She then proceeds to tell him how much more the bondage experience is than what she expected --in spite of having a very simple, yet exposing tie done too her. She then tells him that every time she moves her neck it pulls on the ass hook tied into her shute. JR just tells her how awesome that is for him. He tries tickling her without much of a response so he then immediately strikes her hard against the ass. She quickly yells out, "Ten!!" Then she screams for several seconds. He spends the next several minutes punishing her ass cheeks, each time she lets out a number that can be heard from across the street. The tears flow so heavily that they begin to collect beneath her face in a large pool of fluid that is intermixed with her sniff-ly snot. JR finally tires of it and orders her to lick it all up as he beats her repeatedly across the ass. When she finally is able to bring herself under some countenance of control he asks her why she thinks she is pretty. "Because my mom says I have a nice face." "What else?" he asks her, "I have nice tits." What else: "Because I'm a little skinny." "Anything else", he says, "I have nice toes." The tears and snot are really beginning to collect beneath her now and then she volunteers, "The ass hook really feels weird." When JR asks her how she feels about this bondage experience she tells him, "I don't know what to think about it right now." At this point JR is ready to leave her. He ties the Hitachi between her legs and against her cunt and walks out of the room with the warning, "You better not cum without permission."
Related Categories: BONDAGE, ASS HUMILIATION, HUMILIATION, ORGASM CONTROL, CROTCH ABUSE
Keywords: molly
Molly Got More Than She Bargained For HD
(Full HD 1280x720 @ 6M/sec.) She is naked in the old out building. Standing in the center of the room, her arms are drawn up high behind her and tied to the ceiling. This forces her head and torso toward the floor in front of her. A tight crotch rope separates her sex and a bowling ball hangs off the end of the rope that bites into her cunt. A chest harness makes her perfect breasts poke out. A tall leather collar is tightly secured around her neck. When JR comes in he asks her how she feels about her bondage. She tells him, "It's very uncomfortable." Immediately he gets up and shoves a ball gag into her face hole and buckles it in tightly. He then asks her if she likes being gagged and she shakes her head back and forth to signal that she does not like it. He comes back with a flogger and strikes her on the ass. He wants to know what the pain level was for her on a scale of one to ten. She tells him a four. He immediately strikes her again and she yells a "Seven!" He lets her know for now on, every time she is struck, she must yell out what the pain number is. He then strikes her hard. She quickly shouts out, "Nine!" Her eyes are clenched shut as she screams out. Wasting no time JR comes down hard on her ass and she shrieks, "10!!" Then, while still crying about being struck, he makes her look at you, The Viewer, and describe how the bowling ball feels hanging from her cunt hole. Before she can even finish what she is saying he strikes her hard across the ass sending a scream out around that ball gag that fills the room. "Ten!!" Large tears begin to flow from her eye sockets and down her cheeks. He asks her if she likes her bondage and she shakes her head, no. He strikes her again, hard across the buttocks. She screams out, "Nine!" More tears follow, running down her face, across the ball gag, to her chin and then dripping to the floor. He strikes her again and she yells out, "Ten!!!". When she does so copious amounts of drool and snot emerge from the holes in her face. JR tells her how beautiful she looks and then strikes her hard against her ass once more. She is at the point now where fluid is falling, continuously, from her eyes, mouth and nose. She can't even finish a sniffle before he strikes her again, "Nine!!" When she tries to talk so much slobber comes out around her gag it looks like a drool faucet has been turned on inside her head, and the mascara she is wearing is running down both cheeks. When JR asks her why she is crying she tells him, "I don't know." He strikes her again, "Eight!", and again, "Seven!", and again, "Ten!!!" He asks her a question and before she can even answer him he comes down hard on her ass cheeks. She can't even shout out the numbers now without a cup full of drool washing out around her gag. A long string of it hangs from her chin, a constant fixture now. When JR tells her the next strike is going to be a ten she completely comes unglued. No sense of composure is left in her and she crumbles into utter despair. When it hits her she lets out a scream that can still be heard two weeks later. Her face is a wet, crying mess now and she clearly knows she bit off more than she can chew. When he finally places the Hitachi against her cunt, over the ropes that separate it, she finds the feeling more than she can bare. It is a disconnect between pain and pleasure --she has never felt anything like this before. He tells her she has thirty seconds to have an orgasm...
Related Categories: BONDAGE, AMATEUR, HUMILIATION, ORGASM CONTROL, CROTCH ABUSE


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Wu-Tang Clan Might Get Their Own Theme Park
ByAlex Galbraith
The Wu-Tang Clan might be getting their own theme park. And if they do, it will be a heck of a lot closer to the home of Shaolin than Staten Island.
According to the Vice President of Wu-Tang Clan Management Jimmy Kang, the planned theme park centered around the Clan will be in Seoul, South Korea. Kang, who moved to Los Angeles with his family from Korea when he was four, is currently negotiating a deal to put a Wu-Tang-themed park there. He shared the news in a MassLive profile of his rise from rap show booker to nightclub owner on to VP of Wu-Tang.
Kang said he was approached by the Clan at the start of the decade after his record label, show booking, and nightclub ventures in Worcester, Massachusetts caught the eye of members of the Clan.
"They came and asked me to come up to New York City," Kang said. "I met up with RZA, Freedom, Devine, Mook and Krumbsnatcha. When they approached me, I thought it was unreal."
The theme park doesn't have a planned opening date, but Kang noted the development would take him back to Korea for the first time since he immigrated.
It's been a good year for the group. The Clan's story was turned into a miniseries for Hulu dubbed Wu Tang Clan: An American Saga just a few months after Showtime released their multi-part documentary on the famed rap collective called Of Mics And Men, created by Sacha Jenkins.
POST CONTINUES BELOW
The Best Wu-Tang Clan Songs
Diamonds Are 'Forever,' and So is the Wu-Tang Clan
Here's a Snippet of the Secret Wu-Tang Clan Album
NewsKoreaSouth KoreaWu-Tang Clantheme-park

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Software Heritage is the Alexandrian Library of humankind's most important current technical expression: software. This project will allow us to do science about software in new and revolutionary ways.
The free software movement dream of software everyone can study, copy, improve and share has no more important working public monument than Software Heritage.


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Home / Movies / The Artist Shines at 84th Academy Awards
The Artist Shines at 84th Academy Awards
The envelope finally opens up and names imprinted in the golden letters goes into the book of cinematic history. It came as no surprise to anyone when France's Michel Hazanavicius won the Oscar for best director for silent movie The Artist, at the 84th Academy Awards ceremony, triumphing over veterans including Martin Scorsese and Woody Allen.
Giving France more reasons to celebrate, this black and white homage to the silent film era also bagged the Best Picture of the year, while Jean Dujardin took home the Oscar for the lead actor. The film topped a field that included "The Descendants," "Hugo," "The Help," "Moneyball," "War Horse," "Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close," "Midnight in Paris" and "The Tree of Life".
Hollywood veteran Meryl Streep, won the much awaited and well deserved Oscar for her tour de force portrayal of Margaret Thatcher, her third win third Oscar for lead actress, and her 17th overall nomination.
Christopher Plummer became the oldest acting winner ever at the 84th Academy Awards for his supporting performance in "Beginners," while veteran bit player Octavia Spencer earned the supporting-actress prize for her breakout role in "The Help".
Martin Scorsese's Paris adventure "Hugo" set the ball rolling by winning first two prizes of the night, for cinematography and art direction. It also won for visual effects, sound mixing and sound editing.
Laughter soared inside the Kodak Theaters when TJ Martin one of the co-directors of "Undefeated", in his excitement, uttered the F-Word after winning the Oscar for best documentary. Another with Oscar "Oops!" moments, we could say.
The Artist Shines at 84th Academy Awards Music Malt 2/26/2012
Movies News Parmita Borah


Despite how you feel about dolphins serving in the U.S. military, it's fascinating to witness their precision and intelligence while performing their assigned tasks.
In the video below posted at Military.com in April 2011, CNN correspondent Kaj Larsen plays the role of a terrorist in San Diego Bay. He tries to evade a dolphin trained to find hostile swimmers. But whether he's underwater or on the surface, the dolphin finds him every time—and hits him with a marker that alerts human security personnel to his presence and location.
As Chris Harris of the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program explains, dolphins are able to pick out details on an object in the water that sonar just isn't capable of doing. In addition, dolphins can do it at great ranges and with 100 percent reliability.
That's a performance review that any member of the U.S. Navy should be proud of.
Fantastic article. It seems to me that the dolphins enjoy their job. I'd like to see a follow up on the other marine mammals used in the Marine Mammal Systems, with demonstrations of the different training & jobs they do.
On a side note, good thing the dolphin is so well trained, can you imagine what a hard hit an untrained dolphin could do?
That's why they are there, to help their handlers in time of need, like a watch dog or horse has been accepted to do in the past.
They are very helpful to the military and if they help save lives, that is an awesome exchange between man and animals. We need to accept these roles for our planet neighbors and in return treat them as if they were our friends or family, if not better. As long as they are not mishandled and are properly trained to do their task, I for one appreciate their contribution to our safety and freedom.
Seems to me that the dolphin could swim away whenever it wants to and may even be enjoying this job.
I don't find this any different than the drug sniffing dogs, or pack horses and mules, etc. that we live with. We are just using a fellow creature for a humanitarian purpose. If we can save a life of one of our freedom fighters, who willingly go in harm's way for our freedom and security, so be it.
I love dolphins and would only object if they were mistreated and not properly cared for. However, there are many cases of animals being used for the betterment of mankind.
Many people love keeping and riding horses, but never think of the feelings of the horse to be stabled and bridled, rather than free to roam the range. It's no different here, considering that we took horses into battle since the early days of man riding them. But we have come to accept that, as well as the household dog or cat that has been domesticated from wild stock.
the answer is obviously no. If the species involved were less iconic or perhaps deemed rather disgusting, would there still be outrage? An international code is certainly a worthy goal, but we all know how well most of those work out (think whales).
That was really cool and another testament to the amazing abilities of animals.
In the Sundarbans, I found that otters were used for fishing and I felt bad for the helpless creatures. I have similar feelings for the dolphins used by the US Navy.


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Lorea Agirre Dorronsoro (Beasain, Guipúzcoa, 1968) es una periodista y antropóloga, licenciada en Ciencias de la Información.

Trayectoria profesional
Colaboró en las primeras publicaciones de la revista local Gora etarrak y en Arlote Irratia,  radio local de Pella fría, realizando sesiones sobre literatura. Mientras realizaba los estudios de periodismo, junto con el equipo que formaba parte de la revista Argia,  preparaba el suplemento "A ze astelehenak" del periódico Egin. A su vez con algunos de estos compañeros de la revista Argia, pasó a formar parte del recién estrenado periódico en euskera  Euskaldunon Egunkaria, posteriormente llamado Berria en el que ha trabajado de periodista. En la actualidad es investigadora del centro investigador  Sorguneak de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (HUHEZI) de la universidad Mondragon Unibertsitatea. Ha realizado investigaciones sobre el euskera, el feminismo y la cultura vasca. También ha formado parte del Consejo Vasco de Cultura En la actualidad trabaja de profesora en HUHEZI y desde 2014 es la directora de la revista Jakin. Fue la autora del texto escondido en el testigo de la Korrika del 2015.

Además ha colaborado en el proyecto EUSKARRIAK ('soportes') es un proyecto que nació de la colaboración entre Bagera (Donostiako euskaltzaleen elkartea) y Donostia /San Sebastián 2016.

Publicaciones

Libros
 Rosa Luxemburg (Elkar, 1899)
 Gazteei eta eta kulturari buruzko hausnarketa: Guipúzcoa 2001 (Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia, 2001)
 Pilotaz egitasmoa (Kutxa Fundazioa, 2002)
 Joxemi Zumalabe. Ipurtargiaren itzal luzea (Euskaldunon Egunkaria, 2002)
 Gezurra ari du. Egunkariaren itxieraren kronika (Alberdania, 2004)
 Hedabideak : euskararen berreskuratzea III (Garabide Elkartea, 2010)
 Haurren aisialdi parte-hartzailea, euskalduna, hezitzailea eta herritarra garatzen (Txatxilipurdi Elkartea, 2015)
 Euskalgintza eta feminismoa : identitateak berreraiki, demokrazia sendotu, boteretze kolektiboa bultzatu eta subalternitate eraldatzaile unibertsalak eraikitzeko proposamen bat (Bat. Soziolinguistika aldizkaria, 2016).

Artículos
 Herri hezitzailea , eskola herritarra (Hik Hasi 27, 2013 negua)

Prólogos
 Tonucci, Francesco. Haurren hiria : hiria pentsatzeko beste modu bat (Txatxilipurdi, 2013)

Traducciones
 (Castellano) Reflexiones sobre los jóvenes y la cultura : Guipúzcoa 2001 (Diputación Foral de Guipúzcoa, 2001)
 (Catalán) Plouen mentides: crònica del tancament d'Egunkaria (S.n., 2005)
 (Inglés) The press and media : Basque language recovery III (Garabide Elkartea, 2010)
 (Castellano) Los medios de comunicación : la recuperación del euskera III (Garabide Elkartea, 2010)
 (Francés) Les médias : : la récupération de la langue basque III (Garabide Elkartea, 2010)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Noticia sobre nombramiento en Jakin 2016-05-14 (29-03-2017)
 Proyecto euskarriak (29-03-2017)
 Korrika 2015 (29-03-2017)

Periodistas de España del siglo XX
Periodistas de España del siglo XXI
Periodistas del País Vasco
Nacidos en Beasáin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Behind the Blinds is a men's fashion and lifestyle magazine making up a new wave of innovative titles coming out of France and Belgium.
Established in Brussels, the magazine is the creation of Michael Marson who took the magazine from an online platform to print in 2016. After only a handful of issues Behind the Blinds has developed from a showcase for new creatives to collaborations with the industry's biggest names.


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The 13 NES Games We Want On Nintendo Switch Online
By Chris Reed, Matt Espineli, Kevin Knezevic | @kevknez, and Dave Klein on October 8, 2018 at 2:51PM PDT
After nearly a year and a half since the Switch's launch, Nintendo has finally rolled out the console-hybrid's online service. While it now requires players to pay for online play, you do at least get some nice perks. The most noteworthy among them is access to a library of Nintendo Entertainment System games. What's more: each game now supports online multiplayer functionality, so you won't need a second player to be in the same room with you. Even games that didn't originally come with multiplayer support have been given light multiplayer functionality via the addition of a cursor system where your second player can point at the screen and even applaud.
The release of Nintendo Switch Online's NES library got us thinking about all the games we want to be added in the future. After all, more are slated to release in the months ahead. We have our own ideas as to what should appear on the service. In this feature, we've highlighted 13 games we'd love to see appear on the service and talk about how each would benefit from the added online functionality. For your reference, check out our comprehensive list containing all the games in service's NES game library.
Like its competitors, Nintendo Switch Online can be purchased in different tiers. A single month costs $4/£3.50; three months costs $8/£7; and a whole year costs $20 / £18. Of course, if you have multiple people in your house who want their own accounts, you can purchase a family plan, which costs $35/£26 per year and allows up to eight people to play online. On top of online play and access to NES games, the service also allows for save data cloud save backup and access to special offers, such as the ability to pre-order Switch-compatible NES controllers.
Which NES games do you want to appear on Nintendo Switch Online? Let us know in the comments below.
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Iron Tank
Iron Tank is a strange game that's evocative of its era. It's not the kind of game you see anymore, and an idea that only seems feasible when costs for games were low and the industry was more experimental. Players control a tank from a bird's-eye perspective, while they slowly progress up a map shooting missiles and their turret at other tanks and enemy vehicles, or running over infantry, which is kind of hilarious. In many ways, the game resembles vertical scrolling shooter games like Legendary Wings or 1942 with various power-ups the tank can collect, but with the action slowed down and multiple paths the tank can traverse (plus the lack of scrolling) this game is its own unique beast. While multiplayer was never implemented into the game, it feels like the perfect game to get a boost from the experience. Adding a 2-player option with two tanks on screen would be an absolute blast in this game, especially with some of the bosses and later missions getting especially challenging. The main gameplay experience is fun to begin with, but an NSO multiplayer boost would be a blast to see. | Dave Klein
Cooperative NES games are an obvious choice to highlight the Switch's added online play, and Bubble Bobble offers one of the best co-op experiences of the era. You and a partner play as adorable dragons who blow bubbles to encase enemies--and then pop them. Each stage is a single-screen, and eliminating all the enemies lets you progress to the next one. You can get the standard ending by playing alone, but to reach the real final boss and truly beat the game, you'll need to play with a friend. Oh, and the music is an endlessly looping earworm so catchy it might get lodged in your head forever. | Chris Reed
Castlevania is the type of hard-as-nails action-platformer that warrants multiple players working together to complete it. Unfortunately, it was exclusively a single-player affair, meaning that any willing second players were forced to sit on the sidelines. While it would be great to see Castlevania brought to NSO's NES games library for posterity's sake, it would be even better if it included the ability for two players to play the game together and switch off play after death. This would benefit the experience as a whole because let's be real: Castlevania is demoralizingly difficult, so a competitive dynamic between two players would be a great way to keep things going. Those pesky medusa heads and stiff platforming are enough as it is to deal with on your own, so to have a shared bond in that suffering would really elevate the experience. It's a small tweak that shouldn't demand too much effort to implement, and it's one we firmly believe could make this classic vampire hunting adventure even better on NSO. | Matt Espineli
When people mention Contra these days, it's usually in reference to the 30-lives code the game popularized. But the reason people remember the code in the first place is because the game is so much fun to play--and replay, and play again. The controls are tight, with running, jumping, and shooting mechanics that feel pixel-perfect. You can equip a nice selection of weapons that help you defeat the alien threat, and each of the eight stages has a unique look and feel to it. Better yet, you can blast through the entire game with two players on screen the whole time, making it an ideal title to bring to the Switch's collection of newly online games. | Chris Reed
Gauntlet is probably remembered best by fans for its various entries on arcades. However, the series' first entry saw an NES port that became one of publisher Tengen's most popular games. The game itself is a birds-eye view action game, with players stuck in a dungeon they're trying to progress and get out of as hordes of enemies attack them. In true arcade fashion, every monster killed results in the player gaining a number of points, and dungeons themselves are sprinkled treasure for you to pick up. Monsters have items on the screen which spawn them, and in most dungeons, players are required to kill these monster spawns in order to truly progress. While this is all fun to do for the sake of seeing how far you can get, where the game truly shines is in its multiplayer. Players pick from one of four different characters to control, each with their own unique strengths and weaknesses. The arcade version supported up to four, while the NES port had to drop this down to two players. Nintendo Switch Online would be perfectly suited for this game, but Nintendo really wanted to up the ante, re-implementing four-player multiplayer into the NES port would be an amazing way to improve the game for the service and allow NES players an experience they've only dreamed of. | Dave Klein
Kirby's Adventure
The loveable pink puffball first debuted on the Game Boy back in 1992 with Kirby's Dreamland, but it was 1993's Kirby's Adventure that would truly turn Kirby into the icon he is today. While Kirby's Dreamland set the stage, Kirby's Adventure would first introduce Kirby's copy ability. The game has a nice, laid back pace to it and which also makes it a great candidate for NSO's multiplayer, as it's one of the few NES platform games that doesn't really heavily on fast-twitch reflexes. If multiplayer were implemented, a second player could control a cret that floats around and drops explosive coconuts on enemies--only with limited ammo. Or, to get really wild, and in the territory of probably not going to happen, the game could take a page out of "Kirby Super Star" and allow a second player helper to be created by the first player. | Dave Klein
Legendary Wings
Legendary Wings is one of the earlier games from the vertical scrolling shooting genre of games. However, unlike most of the time, it also contains horizontal scrolling shooting segments, making it somewhat of a hybrid. While the gameplay is fairly simplistic--shoot all of the enemies as you come across them without getting hit--it's that simplicity that makes Legendary Wings such a blast to play, with various power-ups you can get to help along the way. And it's perfectly suited for NSO's multiplayer features since it technically includes multiplayer. While it's a fun game to see how far you can get by yourself, we imagine it'd be even better to play with friends online. | Dave Klein
Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels
With Super Mario Bros. and Super Mario Bros. 3 already included in Nintendo Switch's NES library, it's only a matter of time before the western version of Super Mario Bros. 2 is also added to the lineup. But while that game is most commonly accepted as Mario's second adventure, the original Super Mario Bros. 2--known outside of Japan as The Lost Levels due to how long it took to release in other regions--also deserves a spot in the library.
On the surface, The Lost Levels looks and feels very much like the original Super Mario Bros., albeit with a few notable distinctions. For one, the title only supports a single-player; rather than being able to take turns playing as Mario and Luigi, you'll have to choose one of the plumbers at the outset, and they each now have their own distinct characteristics. The biggest difference, however, is its sheer difficulty. The Lost Levels is much more challenging than any of Mario's other NES adventures; environmental hazards are more plentiful, and hidden blocks are placed fiendishly around certain levels to knock you into a pit when you least expect it.
It's this difficulty that would make The Lost Levels such a great addition to Switch's NES lineup. Despite its lack of multiplayer, you can still virtually pass control of Mario or Luigi between each other after the other player loses a life, making it fun to attempt the game cooperatively. You can also simply watch a friend struggle (likely in vain) to make it to the end. As they say, misery loves company. | Kevin Knezevic
Mega Man (2 & 3)
While we've had our fair share of Mega Man ports recently with Legacy Collections 1 & 2, Mega Man is such a classic it's hard to imagine an NES collection without it. Mega Man 3 actually had 2-player capabilities with the 2nd player being able to give the first player various abilities, such as a super jump. Bringing this back for Mega Man 3--and introducing it to Mega Man 2--would be a fun way to allow a second player to cooperate in an organic way or to totally screw with the first player. Regardless, these are timeless classics that deserve to be seen on the service, and there would be some fun ways to utilize Nintendo Switch Online's multiplayer functionality to add more value to these already highly recirculated games. | Dave Klein
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II
Beat-'em-ups ruled the roost in the early days of co-op gaming, and one of the best examples of the genre on NES remains Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II, the home console port of the 1989 arcade game. Unlike Konami's first (and notoriously difficult) stab at the license, TMNT II is a straightforward brawler, trading its predecessor's overworld segments and clumsy platforming for pure, side-scrolling action. At the start of the adventure, players choose one of the four turtles and fight their way through a series of stages filled with waves of Foot Soldiers, Mousers, and other familiar enemies, each culminating in a boss fight against one of Shredder's tougher minions.
While TMNT II is certainly enjoyable solo thanks to its snappy action and catchy soundtrack, like most other beat-'em-ups, the game is at its best when another player jumps in and fights alongside you, which would make it an ideal title to add to Nintendo Switch Online's NES library. Whether or not Konami will ever bring it to the service remains to be seen--there are undoubtedly some licensing hurdles that would need to be cleared before the game could be released on Switch--but TMNT II remains one of the turtles' better video game outings and would be a great title to play online with a friend. | Kevin Knezevic
EarthBound Beginnings
EarthBound--known as Mother 2 in Japan--is often considered one of the best JRPGs on the Super Nintendo, thanks in part to its modern day setting and quirky sense of humor. However, the series had its humble beginnings on the Famicom with its first entry. The game is infamous for having been fully localized for release in the United States but being dropped due in large part to the upcoming release of the Super Nintendo. Mother was eventually released in western territories for Wii U as EarthBound Beginnings. While it's not the best RPG out there, it would be great if the game was re-released on Switch's NES game library. Despite not having multiplayer functionality, it would still be a great addition for posterity's sake, and with enough support, it might just even lead to the release of Mother 3 on the service when Nintendo inevitably adds SNES games to the service. Keep the dream alive! | Dave Klein
Cocoron
Cocoron is a much more obscure game on our list, in part because it was never brought to the States. The game is another NES platformer, this time with players having the ability to customize the main character's look before playing the game, which also affects what abilities they'll have. Players can decide the order in which the tackle the levels, and for defeating bosses, will be able to create new allies they can play as. While it sounds like any other platform game, it was actually created by Akira Kitamura, the main designer of Mega Man. Not only that, but composer Takashi Tateishi, who composed music for Mega Man 2 also worked on the project.
It would be great to see games that never came to the states get a release via Nintendo Switch Online's NES library. A game like Cocoron would be a fantastic start, as it would require little translation work. And wIth the multiplayer functionality, it would be great if two players could each create their own characters and take turns playing after one player dies. While only a minor tweak, it would enhance an already amazing game that has for the most part gone unplayed by western audiences. | Dave Klein
Punch-Out!! Is an absolute NES classic, and one of the defining games of the console, with Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! being a major selling point for the system in America. While the game hasn't received many sequels, in part due to its simplistic gameplay being hard to adapt into a more intricate game, the original still stands the test of time with its basic reactionary gameplay holding up to this day. While it's hard to imagine multiplayer in the game, there are some ways to get creative with it. On a basic level, a 2nd player could cheer along whenever Lil Mac knocks out their opponent. But a versus mode could be added with players attempting to knock each other out. If they're playing online, they could still both get the same perspective from their boxer's back. Imagine if players could choose different boxers from the game to play as. Of course, all of that sounds like a dream, but Mr. Dream is a part of the Punch-Out!! Series, so we're going to go with it. | Dave Klein
25 Comments RefreshSorted By FirstLatestUpvotes
WIJay35
WIJay35 - 8 months ago
NARC soooo wish they had that game on the switch, I remember playing that game to death. I believe the game spyhunter as well was on the nes
jingledale
jingledale - 9 months ago
Battle of Olympus
GleenCross
GleenCross - 9 months ago
As a PC player, it's just crazy to me how console players pays a monthly fee for online services, lol this is such a predatory business
doodoflife
doodoflife - 9 months ago
Jackal and Ducktales please.
jMoore87
jMoore87 - 9 months ago
At this point, Nintendo should just be packaging their new systems with 50 classic games. It's criminal to still be charging what they do for this content, or should I say, lack of content.
NorseLax09
NorseLax09 - 9 months ago
Ducktales!
J_P-
J_P- - 9 months ago
No one ever seems to mention Nightshade.
Ohaidere
Ohaidere - 9 months ago
Castlevania 1 and 3 would be nice. Maybe Zelda 2--game was a bit under appreciated, but I'd agree with many that it hasn't aged great.
Epak_
Epak_ - 9 months ago
I want that two player tank game and that awesome football game where you could do super moves and such.
poemann79
poemann79 - 9 months ago
I'm sorry a list that is missing Faxanadu, Blaster master, ninja gaiden 1&2, kid icarus and super c is no list at all. 🎤 dropped
JSprunk
JSprunk - 9 months ago
@poemann79: Although I had a love/hate relationship with the Ninja Gaiden games, I agree wholeheartedly.
Renunciation - 9 months ago
Pretty damned unlikely, but I'd be very glad to see Battle of Olympus -- and Faxanadu, as well.
Same goes for The Magic of Scheherazade, the action + turn-based RPG hybrid. Never quite got the props it deserved.
50cratez
50cratez - 9 months ago
Always selling these old games for every one of their new systems.
justincoool
justincoool - 9 months ago
Contra, Kung-Fu and Duck Hunt please. :)
mbrogz3000
mbrogz3000 - 9 months ago
I already have those games on my NES Classic.
ohjtbehaaave
ohjtbehaaave - 9 months ago
Just re-name this article... "Just bring the VIRTUAL CONSOLE to Switch Nintendo".
So lame.
FecalMatters
FecalMatters - 9 months ago
All of the games are far too laggy to even consider playing online.
cramseyLA25
cramseyLA25 - 9 months ago
For the love of God can we get Tecmo Super Bowl?
hochstreck
hochstreck - 9 months ago
@cramseyla25:
As far as I know, it is part of the Nintendo-online-membership already.
@hochstreck: No only the 1st Tecmo is. No stats and only 4 plays


text:
OLB Haason Reddick racked up 12.5 sacks this season, including this forced fumble on Eagles QB Jalen Hurts in Week 15.
Two of the most recognizable players in Cardinals' franchise history – Larry Fitzgerald and Patrick Peterson – are set to be free agents this offseason.
A major component on offense, Kenyan Drake, and a beloved piece on defense, Markus Golden, are also scheduled to hit the open market.
But by March, a guy who began the season as a backup outside linebacker could end up with the most lucrative contract of them all.
It was an incredible turnaround campaign for Haason Reddick in 2020, who went from an unknown on the edge to one of the league's top sack artists. Reddick wrapped up the year with 12½ sacks and six forced fumbles, both of which were in the top-5 in the NFL.
Reddick, who was a pass-rusher in college but played inside linebacker for the first three seasons of his NFL career, admitted the breakout fourth-year campaign even surprised him a bit.
"As I look back on the year, I started off as a guy trying to find my way, getting back into the groove of rushing the passer," Reddick said. "A guy that was just looking to make an impact for the team. As I look to the end of the year, I did everything I set out to do. … And a little bit more."
Reddick is an interesting case as free agency looms. The former first-round pick is the definition of a one-year wonder, as his production this season was leaps and bounds better than the first three years.
However, it did not look fluky, as Reddick proved eminently more comfortable on the edge. He is still only 26 years old and unlocked the athleticism that made General Manager Steve Keim grab him with the No. 13 overall pick in 2017.
The salary cap is set to decrease next season because of lost revenue from COVID-19, which will put many free agents in a pinch. Reddick may be one of the precious few who has multiple suitors, based on his age, production and positional value.
"Honestly, I've never been in this position before," Reddick said. "This is my first time (heading into free agency), rookie deal about to be up. I don't really know all the ins and outs yet, of what's to happen as far as negotiations and what I'm able to do. But hopefully I get to stay here. I would like to stay here. But we'll see what happens when the time comes."
Reddick started the season strong, with five sacks in the first seven games. He hit a lull over the next five, with no sacks or quarterback hits. Then came the breakout game against the Giants, where he racked up an incredible five sacks and three forced fumbles.
"They have a saying 'Don't chase sacks. Don't chase production,'" Reddick said. "As long as you do things the right way, they'll finally come. Sacks come in bunches, man. So the mentality was to just keep pushing and not worry about the stat line, going out there and playing ball. And then games like the New York Giants game happens, and it takes care of the other weeks."
Reddick is a very self-aware player. When the Cardinals did not pick up his fifth-year option before the season began, he understood the rationale.
"Based off what I had done in previous years, it caused them to make a smart business move," Reddick said.
Reddick seems likely to benefit from the decision, as he now reaches free agency a year earlier, and does so after hitting an important sack threshold.
"I knew I wanted to be a double-digit guy," Reddick said. "I knew I wanted to achieve that goal. This year has been special to me. I feel like a lot of people doubted me, and I knew what I could do. I was able to go out there this year and show that I could rush the passer, I could do it all."
Budda Baker was taken by the Cardinals in the second round of that same 2017 draft. His rise was immediate, as Baker quickly became a perennial Pro Bowler and one of the league's best safeties.
While Reddick's path was more winding, he stood shoulder-to-shoulder with Baker as the two best defensive players on the Cardinals in 2020.
Baker was happy for his draftmate, and wants the tandem run it back in 2021.
"He's finally being able to do what he (did in college), and you see what he does," Baker said. "You saw that spark in him. I was glad he was able to do that, and hopefully he's here next year."


text:
Emmanuele de Gregorio (ur. 18 albo 28 grudnia 1758 na Morzu Śródziemnym, zm. 7 listopada 1839 w Rzymie) – włoski kardynał.

Życiorys
Urodził się 18 albo 28 grudnia 1758 roku, podczas gdy jego matka podróżowała przez Morze Śródziemne do Hiszpanii, jednakże w dokumentach jego miejsce urodzenia zostało zapisane jako Neapol. Był synem markiza Leopolda De Gregoria i Maríi Josefy Verdugo y Quijada. Studiował w rzymskim Collegio Clementino, a po przyjęciu święceń kapłańskich był prałatem Jego Świątobliwości i archiprezbiterem bazyliki laterańskiej. Podczas trwania Republiki Rzymskiej został uwięziony wraz z Piusem VI, lecz został zwolniony za kaucją w wysokości 4 tysięcy skudów. Generał Claude Dallemagne planował uczynić Gregoria antypapieżem w opozycji do Piusa VI. Wobec tego przyszły kardynał udał się do Sieny i zapewnił papieża o swojej lojalności. Pełnił funkcję prowikariusza generalnego Rzymu w czasie absencji kardynała Giulia Marii della Somaglii. Został zmuszony do podróży do Paryża, gdzie w 1811 został zniewolony na trzy lata. Po oswobodzeniu usiłował odzyskać skarby papieskie, zrabowane przez armię francuską. 8 marca 1816 roku został kreowany kardynałem prezbiterem i otrzymał kościół tytularny Ss. Bonifacio e Alessio. W latach 1818–1820 pełnił funkcję prefekta Kongregacji ds. Kościelnych Immunitetów. 18 maja 1829 roku został podniesiony do kardynała biskupa i otrzymał diecezję suburbikarną Frascati. Trzynaście dni później przyjął sakrę i został penitencjariuszem większym. W 1837 roku, w wyniku objęcia diecezji Porto-Santa Rufina, został subdziekanem Kolegium Kardynalskiego. Zmarł 7 listopada 1758 roku w Rzymie.

Przypisy

Urodzeni w 1758
Zmarli w 1839
Włoscy kardynałowie
Kardynałowie z nominacji Piusa VII


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text:
Chapter: 6 Recommended Actions for Moving Forward
« Previous: 5 A Decision-Aiding Framework
Suggested Citation:"6 Recommended Actions for Moving Forward." Institute of Medicine. 2012. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13218.
Recommended Actions for Moving Forward
The committee concludes this report by offering a summary of its recommendations for moving forward, which include actions recommended for state, local, and tribal public health officials and those recommended at the federal/national level, as well as research needed to provide a evidence base for decision making on prepositioning. Although these actions are proposed in the context of the selection, development, and implementation of prepositioning strategies, many would also help enhance the nation's overall ability to distribute and dispense antibiotics rapidly following an anthrax attack, regardless of the specific decisions made about prepositioning.
ACTIONS FOR STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICIALS
The following recommendations are intended to assist state, local, and tribal public health officials in evaluating the potential benefits, health risks, and costs of developing prepositioning strategies in their community.
Recommendation 5-2: Integrate ethical principles and public engagement into the development of prepositioning strategies within the overall context of public health planning for bioterrorism response. State, local, and tribal governments should use the following principles as an ethical framework for public health planning of prepositioning strategies:
• Promotion of public health—Strive for the most favorable balance of public health benefits and harms based on the best available research and data.
• Stewardship—Demonstrate stewardship of public health resources.
• Distributive justice—Distribute benefits and harms fairly, without unduly imposing burdens on any one population group.
• Reciprocal obligations—Recognize the professional's duty to serve and the reciprocal obligation to protect those who serve.
• Transparency and accountability—Maintain public accountability and transparency so that community members grasp relevant policies and know from whom they may request explanation, information, or revision.
• Proportionality—Use burdensome measures, such as those that restrict liberty, only when they offer a commensurate gain in public health and when no less onerous alternatives are both available and feasible.
• Community engagement—Engage the public in the development of ethically sound dispensing plans for medical countermeasures, including plans to preposition antibiotics, so as to ensure the incorporation of community values.
Recommendation 5-3: Consider the risk of attack, assess detection and dispensing capability, and evaluate the use of prepositioning strategies to complement points of dispensing. State, local, and tribal governments should, in partnership with each other and with the federal government, the private sector, and community organizations:
• Consider their risk of a potential anthrax attack.
• Assess their current detection and surveillance capability.
• Assess the current capability of and gaps in their medical countermeasures dispensing system.
• Based on their risk and capability assessment, evaluate whether specific prepositioning strategies will fill identified gaps and/or improve effectiveness and efficiency. The decision-making framework should include, for a range of anthrax attack scenarios:
— evaluation of the potential health benefits and health risks of alternative prepositioning strategies;
— evaluation of the relative economic costs of alternative prepositioning strategies;
— comparison of the strategies with respect to health benefits, health risks, and costs, taking into account available resources; and
— consideration of ethical principles and incorporation of community values (see Recommendation 5-2).
Recommendation 5-4: Give priority to improving dispensing capability and developing prepositioning strategies such as forward-deployed or cached medical countermeasures. In public health planning efforts, state, local, and tribal jurisdictions should give priority to improving the dispensing capability of points of dispensing and push strategies and to developing forward-deployed or cached prepositioning strategies.
The committee does not recommend the development of health strategies that involve broad use of predispensed medical countermeasures for the general population. In some cases, however, targeted predispensed medical countermeasures might be used to address specific gaps in jurisdictions' dispensing plans for certain subpopulations that lack access to antibiotics via other timely dispensing mechanisms. These might include, for example, some first responders, health care providers, and other workers who support critical infrastructure, as well as their families.
Personal stockpiling might also be used for certain individuals who lack access to antibiotics via other timely dispensing mechanisms (for example, because of their medical condition and/or social situation) and who decide—in conjunction with their physicians—that this is an appropriate personal strategy. This is allowed under current prescribing practice and would usually be done independently of a jurisdiction's public health strategy for dispensing medical countermeasures.
FEDERAL/NATIONAL-LEVEL ACTIONS
The following are federal/national-level actions that would facilitate the evaluation and development of prepositioning strategies.
Recommendation 4-1: Develop national guidance for public-private coordination in the prepositioning, distribution, and dispensing of medical countermeasures. The Department of Health and Human Services should convene state, local, and tribal governments and private-sector organizations to develop national guidance that will facilitate and ensure consistency for public-private cooperation in the prepositioning, distribution, and dispensing of medical countermeasures and help leverage existing private-sector systems and networks.
Recommendation 5-1: Enhance assessment of performance in implementing distribution and dispensing plans for medical countermeasures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should continue to facilitate assessment of state, local, and tribal jurisdictions' performance in implementing dispensing plans for medical countermeasures, in addition to assessing planning efforts. More specifically, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with state, local, and tribal jurisdictions, should facilitate assessment of the entire distribution and dispensing system by:
• demonstrating Strategic National Stockpile distribution capabilities to high-risk jurisdictions;
• facilitating large-scale, realistic exercises in high-risk jurisdictions to test dispensing capability; and
• continuing efforts to identify objective criteria and metrics for evaluating the performance of jurisdictions in implementing mass dispensing.
Recommendation 5-5: Do not pursue development of a Food and Drug Administration-approved MedKit unless this is supported by additional safety and cost research. The committee does not recommend the development of a Food and Drug Administration–approved MedKit designed for prepositioning for an anthrax attack until and unless research demonstrates that MedKits are significantly less likely to be used inappropriately than a standard prescription and can be produced at costs comparable to those of standard prescription antibiotics.
RESEARCH NEEDS
The significant costs of establishing and maintaining a distribution and dispensing system warrant a thorough understanding of the most efficient and effective mass prophylaxis strategies for a community. Throughout this report, the committee has highlighted areas in which additional research is needed to better characterize the risk of an anthrax attack, the distribution and dispensing capability needed to provide prophylaxis for a population within an appropriate time period, what that time period is, and the role of prepositioning in an overall bioterrorism preparedness and response system. The remaining evidence gaps in each of these areas, as well as others identified below (see Table 6-1), need to be filled in a systematic and rigorous manner by quantitative and qualitative research. Any and all data from real-world events should be used to guide the formulation of research questions. The committee does not intend that decision making should
TABLE 6-1
Evidence to Inform Prepositioning Decision Making: Research Needs
General Category Specific Research Areas
Epidemiological and Medical Issues Regarding Anthrax and Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Anthrax
- Further understanding of the distribution of incubation periods across a range of plausible exposures, and to what degree exposure influences the incubation period
- Efficacy of prophylaxis by host factors and timing of initiation
- Alternative agents for drug-resistant anthrax
- Development of appropriate pediatric formulation for PEP and impact on home stockpiling
- Improvement of early detection through environmental sensors, clinical diagnostics, and other means
- Evaluation of an operational target (time window) for dispensing initial doses of prophylaxis to the entire at-risk population
- Exploration of a logistics model to assess the effectiveness of current distribution strategies for different jurisdictions and the cost-effectiveness of various alternative distribution strategies for filling gaps in capability
- Demonstration of the current time to receive medical countermeasures (MCM) from the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) in a target community
- Assessment of costs and effectiveness of alternative means to improve SNS distribution time
- Accurate assessment of local dispensing capacity, including existing closed points of dispensing (PODs)
- Assessment of populations not adequately served by PODs
- Further assessment of existing prepositioning models, including the MedKit component of the postal model
- Potential impact of behavior of the public on a dispensing system (e.g., if individuals with home stockpiles also attempt to receive MCM from a public POD)
- Potential impact of antibiotic prepositioning strategies on time to initiation of anthrax vaccine
- Logistics and costs of replacement and appropriate disposal of prepositioned antibiotics
Behavior and Communications Attitudes and behavior related to different prepositioning strategies
- Acceptability of a given strategy in the absence of a perceived acute threat
- Trust and perceived inequities regarding availability of antibiotic prophylaxis, use of different antibiotics, and potential need to change public health recommendations after an attack
- Prescriber behavior around personal stockpiling
Effectiveness of communications
- Compliance with public health messaging
- Directions for storage, preparation for pediatric dosage, saving drug for attack, direction for use during attack
- Assessment of the risk for inappropriate use among varied populations: willingness to take drugs only upon notification
- Behavior of the public in response to other disasters (e.g., U.S. use of potassium iodide after Japanese nuclear disaster)
- Adverse events and impact on adherence
- Impact on general community antimicrobial resistance patterns
- Influence of packaging of predispensed antibiotics on inappropriate use
- Further assessment of the likely total costs of alternative prepositioning strategies in different communities
- Further assessment of health benefits of alternative prepositioning strategies in different communities
- Further assessment of cost-effectiveness of alternative prepositioning strategies in different communities
await the research results, but those results should be used to refine plans in the future.
Recommendation 6-1: Perform additional research to better inform decision making about prepositioning strategies. Results of such research would strengthen the decision-aiding framework proposed in this report for determining whether prepositioning strategies would be beneficial within a community. The Department of
Priority Research Needs
• Further understanding of the anthrax incubation period, i.e., the minimum time before symptom onset and the distribution of the incubation period for a set of exposed individuals (e.g., what subpopulation factors affect anthrax incubation periods);
• Evaluation of a standard goal for the time within which jurisdictions must administer an initial dose of prophylaxis to the entire at-risk population;
• Assessment of costs and effectiveness of alternative means of improving Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) distribution time;
• Assessment of factors related to behavior and communication, including acceptability of, trust in, and adherence to recommended medical countermeasures (MCM);
• Estimate of rate of misuse of antibiotics in a home stockpiling context; and
• Assessment of the likely efficacy, costs, cost-effectiveness, and safety of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved home MedKit.
Health and Human Services should conduct additional research in the following broad areas: epidemiological and medical issues regarding anthrax and postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax, operations and logistics, behavior and communications, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
In recognition of limited public health resources, Box 6-1 summarizes the research needs that are most critical.
Prepositioning is just one potential component of a larger endeavor to enhance the nation's capability to prevent illness and death from an anthrax attack. Other components include national security efforts to prevent an attack or mitigate its effects; efforts to enhance detection and surveillance capability; further development of strategies for anthrax prevention (e.g., anthrax vaccine) and treatment (e.g., anthrax antitoxin); continuous refinement of the current medical countermeasures (MCM) distribution and dispensing system; and efforts to engage the private sector in both the development and the delivery of MCM. To best protect the public's health and to make optimal use of resources, decision making about prepositioning must take place within the context of the entire system.
Next: Appendix A: Acronyms »


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DPC Events RSS Feed
JISC 2010 Conference - Digitisation, Digital Preservation & Archiving
The DPC invites you to come and join us on stand no. 22.
Talk to us about:
DP Leadership Programme & Scholarships
Web Archiving and Preservation Task Force
The Digital Preservation Award 2010
Forthcoming DPC Events
How to join us!
Meet some of our members, including ULCC
ULCC will be show casing a number of their projects and work including:
E-Prints repository for the Linnean Society
BT Archives, Digitisation of wartime posters
The Digital Preservation Training Programme (DPTP)
Assessing Institutional Digital Assets - AIDA
JISC-PoWR (Preservation of Web Resources)
SNEEP (Social Network Extensions for EPrints)
If you would like to arrange a specific appointment time to speak to either a DPC or ULCC representative please send an email to: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
More details about the Conference: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/events.aspx
New Digital Preservation Frequently Asked Question section on the DPC website
Added on 20 April 2010
The DPC has opened a new 'Frequently Asked Questions' section of its website where members can post and answer questions on the topic of digital preservation. Discussion around these Frequently Asked Questions have previously tended to happen on the DPC's closed discussion lists. Putting on the website allows a wider group of people to see them and to refer back to them more easily. The new facility allows users to comment directly on the questions without having to use email.
Freeze Frame: Preservation Partnerships
Sara Day Thomson
Partnership is a critical success factor for long term access to data from small or short-lived projects. This depends on a thoughtful dialogue between the project team and their preservation partner. Thorough documentation will be required.
In this case note we examine the relationship between the relatively short lived Freeze Frame project at the Scott Polar Research Institute and the institutional repository which offered to provide long term preservation services to ensure ongoing access at the end of the project. This study shows that small organisations don't necessarily need to establish a sophisticated preservation infrastructure when they embark on digitisation and that partnerships need need to be managed but can bring unexpected benefits to both parties.
By Sara Day Thomson | Added on 23 April 2010
Partnership is a critical success factor for long term access to data from small or short-lived projects. This depends on a thoughtful dialogue between the project team and their preservation partner.
Read more on the blog.
e-Journals are forever?
The benefits of online access to scholarly journal content are now taken for granted but there are threats to continuity of such access. Clarity is needed on who is doing what, what has been agreed, and what mechanisms exist for continued access, with shared responsibility for the material support and sustainability of archiving and access schemes.
The threats of digital preservation are becoming well known and the community of researchers and librarians look to policy makers and funders for assurance that archiving schemes can be made viable: that content will continue to exist. There is now growing and urgent concern about assurance of access to back content should budget restrictions result in subscription cancellations: that there is 'post-cancellation access'. Following several reports and studies a variety of archiving agencies and schemes have emerged to assist libraries and publishers manage these risks – but the options can seem confusing.
This one-day workshop, jointly sponsored by the DPC, EDINA and JISC brings together those responsible for e-journal strategy and archiving action in the UK. The aim is to share information on collaborative activities and identify basis for action at institutional, national and international levels.
The event is free of charge, but places are limited so early reservation is recommended. Priority registration will be offered to DPC Members and members of the UK LOCKSS Alliance.
Learn about new and emerging tools for managing E-journal content.
Help to shape policy on E-journal preservation and access.
Share your own concerns and aspirations for preservation and access.
Find out what other institutions are doing.
Anticipate the evolution of a rapidly changing field.
Contribute your expertise to the ongoing discussion.
Who are the sponsors?
The Digital Preservation Coalition is a not-for profit membership organisation whose primary objective is to raise awareness of the importance of the preservation of digital material and the attendant strategic, cultural and technological issues. Its vision is to make our digital memory accessible tomorrow.
EDINA is the national data centre based at the University of Edinburgh.EDINA delivers support for the UK LOCKSS Alliance, a cooperative activity by UK libraries committed to identify, negotiate, and build local archives of material that librarians and academic scholars deem significant. It also acts as an open access platform for 'orphaned content' for CLOCKSS (of which the University of Edinburgh is the Archive Node in Europe) and works in partnership with ISSN-IC and JISC Collections in the PEPRS and PeCAN projects.
JISC promotes and supports the innovative use of digital technologies for the benefit of UK colleges and universities and helps to maintain the UK's position as a global leader in education. JISC provides: a world-class network; funding for ground-breaking technical development;access to electronic resources; new environments for learning, teaching and research; guidance on institutional change; advisory and consultancy services; and regional support services.
Programme (this programme may be subject to changes)
09:30-10:00 Registration, tea & coffee
Session One: Setting the Agenda (Chaired by Neil Grindley, JISC)
10:00-10:10 Welcome and introduction Dr William Kilbride, DPC
10:10-10:30 Academic Library Policy: The Problem of Continuing Access [PDF 185KB] Tony Kidd, Glasgow University Library
10:30-10:50 Who is doing what, and how do we know? [PDF 2.53MB] Peter Burnhill, EDINA
10:50-11:10 How well are they doing? [PDF 502KB]
Nancy McGovern, ICPSR
11:10-11:20 Q&A
11:20-11:40 Coffee & Tea
Session Two: Policy and Action (Chaired by Peter Burnhill, EDINA)
11:40-12:00 Responsibility and Policy in Action at the UK National Level [no slides were used for this presentation] Derek Law
12:00-12:20 Support for Continuing Access Through National Licensing [149KB] Lorraine Estelle, JISC collections
12:20- 12:40 Publisher Perspective on Continuity of Access [PDF 7.54MB] David Tempest, ELSEVIER
12:40-13:00 A Researcher Perspective on Value: the Half Life of Journals [PDF] Michael Jubb, RIN
13:15-14:00 Lunch
Session Three: Improving the UK Response (Chaired by William Kilbride, DPC)
14:00-14:20 International Action via CLOCKSS [PDF] Gordon Tibbitts, CLOCKSS
14:20-14:40 International Action via Portico [PDF 2.24MB] Eileen Fenton, Portico
14:40-15:00 National Action via Legal Deposit [PDF 263KB] Lee-Ann Coleman, British Library
15:00-15:20 Community Action via UK LOCKSS [PDF 1.035MB] Adam Rusbridge, UK LOCKSS Alliance
Panel Session:
15:20-16:10 Considering Academic Library Policy Paul Gemmill, RCUK, RLUK/SCONUL, JISC, Elsevier.
16:10-16:15 Close William Kilbride, DPC
First Digital Preservation Case Notes Released
The DPC, with help from the Scott Polar Research Institute, Portico and ULCC, and with funding from JISC, is pleased to announce the launch of the first in a series of Digital Preservation Case Notes. The Case Notes offer straightforward examples of organisations and individuals tackling the digital preservation challenges that come from mass digitization. The first describes the Scott Polar Research Institute's 'Freeze Frame' project. It makes the point that short lived projects need to do some long term thinking to ensure that the benefits of digitization are robust and it describes how a short term project negotiated its way round this long term problem.
Scottish Arts Council joins the Digital Preservation Coalition
The Scottish Arts Council has taken a significant step to securing a lasting legacy from Scotland's digital creativity by joining the Digital Preservation Coalition. In doing so it joins a growing number of strategic bodies and memory institutions taking steps to ensure that digital objects can be accessible to future generation.
'The Scottish Arts Council takes digital preservation seriously', explained Kate Wallace, Senior Research Officer, Scottish Arts Council. 'Preserving a digital legacy for future generations of artists, organisations and the public gives greater access and can inspire learning.'
DPC Launches Prospectus for 2010-2011
The DPC has today released a prospectus for activities from August 2010 to July 2011. It describes the benefits of membership and introduces a new class of membership for personal members.
Second Digital Preservation Case Note Released
The Digital Preservation Coalition, with ULCC and Portico, with the support of the National Archives and sponsorship from JISC is pleased to announce the release of the second in our series of Digital Preservation Case Notes.
In this case note we examine the relationship between policy and practice in digital preservation. The National Archives has digitised a significant volume of the UK's Cabinet Papers, using techniques and practices that they have developed over many years. It has considerable expertise in digital preservation. However the measure of their commitment to long term preservation is not so much their undoubted expertise so much as their carefully considered policy framework for the long term management of digital resources. Funders often ask to see policy documents in assessing grant applications: for digitisation grants, or other grants likely to create prolific amounts of new and valuable digital content, it is reasonable to assess their digital preservation policies.
Cabinet Papers: Policy as a Measure of Commitment
Digital preservation policies indicate whether an organization is committed to long-term access. Grant giving organizations should request copies of applicant's digital preservation policies when funding data creation.
Unless otherwise stated, content is shared under CC-BY-NC Licence


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Q: Regular expression in python I have text file (seq.fasta) which contains sequence as follows
M1

MPMILGYWNVRGLTHPIRMLLEYTDSSYDEKRYTMGDAPDFDRSQWLNEKFKLGLDFPNL
PYLIDGSHKITQSNAILRYLARKHHLDGETEEERIRADIVENQVMDTRMQLIMLCYNPDF
EKQKPEFLKTIPEKMKLYSEFLGKRPWFAGDKVTYVDFLAYDILDQYRMFEPKCLDAFPN
LRDFLARFEGLKKISAYMKSSRYIATPIFSKMAHWSNK

I have to extract motif PXXP exactly 4 characters (XX can be any characters).
I tried following code:
import re

infile=open("seq.fasta",'r')

out=open("out.csv",'w')

for line in infile:

   line = line.strip("\n")

   if line.startswith('>'):

      name=line

   else:

      motif = re.compile(r"(\bP{2}P\b)")

      c = line.count('motif')

      print '%s:%s' %(name,c)

      out.write('%s:%s\n' %(name,c))

But it is not finding motif.

A: Try with this one:
 re.compile(r"(P..P)")

. means any character.
{2} means that the last token must be repeated twice times (in your regex, this means PP.
\b matches word boundaries

A: You can use this:
re.compile( r"(P[\w]{2}P)" )

or
re.compile( r"(P[A-Z]{2}P)" )

Meta \w - means alphanumeric characters, similar to [A-Z0-9_]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The greatest books I've ever read
That's right, I'm not one of those total computer geekazoids who sit in their room all day playing computer games. I don't sit in front of the almighty "Cathode" waiting for my brain to rot. I occasionally pick up a book and read. Below is a list of some of my favorite books. From this list you might glean a bit of my personal tastes. You'll note that there is not a single book written by "Stephen King". In addition I'd like to say that I felt betrayed and suckered after reading "Op Center". Which by the way was not written by "Tom Clancy", but did have his name on the cover. "Op center" Sucked! Both the book, and the made for T.V. Movie. I will never again read an "Op-Center" novel. I would also like to point out that the novel "Congo" was a hundred times better than the movie.
Praise for FRANK HERBERT, his son BRIAN HERBERT (and co-author Kevin J. Anderson), and the DUNE series: Not too long ago, I read the original six book series of 'Dune' novels by Frank Herbert. I had always wanted to read them, but never had the courage to read a six book sci-fi series. Well, someone (Thanks Brian) loaned me the entire series. I knew that it would be a good experience, based on the one Herbert novel that I had read earlier (White Plague). Little did I know that it would become a fantastic journey. Those six books constitute an experience like no other. An adventure beyond compare. Characters so rich, and so unique, that you find yourself examining their motives and desires, experiencing their fears and triumphs, believing their truths and lies. Settings so crisp, that you can feel the sting of sand against your face, as a storm moves in over the deserts of 'Rakis; and smell the salt air of Duke Leto's homeworld. A tapestry of cultures and technologies; woven so deeply that you begin to hate Harkonnen's, and think like a Fremen. A magnificent and epic saga, unlike anything else in the world of literature. I sure am glad I read the books. I'll definitely have to read them again some day. My selection in the 'Stranded on an island' book club.
Arranged in various collections - Some by author, some by category
On the stand: The book that I'm reading now(aside from D&D® rule books - Of which there seems to be a never ending supply).
Terry Brooks: Writes fantasy and fiction. One of the earliest fantasy authors I read.
Robert Anton Wilson: American author of 35 influential books, became, at various times, a novelist, philosopher, essayist, editor, playwright, futurist, libertarian and self-described agnostic mystic.
Michael Crichton: American author, producer, director, screenwriter, and medical school graduate, best known for his work in the science fiction, medical fiction, and thriller genres.
Tom Clancy: An American author, best known for his technically detailed espionage and military science storylines set during and in the aftermath of the Cold War and his video games.
Richard Marcinko: A former United States Navy SEAL and author. A number of nicknames have been ascribed to Marcinko, including "Rogue Warrior", "Demo Dick", "Shark Man of the Delta" and "The Geek".
Douglas Adams: Was an English writer, dramatist, and musician. He is best known as the author of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, which started life in 1978 as a BBC radio comedy before developing into a "trilogy" of five books that sold over 15 million copies in his lifetime, a television series, several stage plays, comics, a computer game, and in 2005 a feature film.
Robert A. Heinlein: Was an American science fiction writer. Often called "the dean of science fiction writers,] he was one of the most popular, influential, and controversial authors of the genre. He set a high standard for science and engineering plausibility and helped to raise the genre's standards of literary quality.
Frank Herbert / Brian Herbert & Kevin J. Anderson: Authors of the 'Dune' series/novels. An incredible series of novels which describe entire civilizations of people far in the future. The most amazing books I've ever read.
Joseph Finder: An American writer of several thrillers set in a business environment. His books include Paranoia, Company Man, Killer Instinct and Power Play. His novel High Crimes was made into a movie starring Ashley Judd and Morgan Freeman.
Keith Laumer: Was an American science fiction author. Prior to becoming a full-time writer, he was an officer in the United States Air Force and a U.S. diplomat.
Greg Bear: an American science fiction and mainstream author. His work has covered themes of galactic conflict (Forge of God books), artificial universes (The Way series), consciousness and cultural practices (Queen of Angels), and accelerated evolution (Blood Music, Darwin's Radio, and Darwin's Children).
Leo A. Frankowski: Was an American writer of science fiction novels. He lived in Russia for four years with his now ex-wife and adopted teenage daughter, but at the time of his death, he had moved back to the United States.
Robert Bloch: Was a prolific American writer, primarily of crime, horror and science fiction. Bloch wrote hundreds of short stories and over twenty novels, usually crime fiction, science fiction and, perhaps most influentially, horror fiction (Psycho). He was one of the youngest members of the Lovecraft Circle.
Frederick Pohl: An American science fiction writer, editor and fan, with a career spanning over seventy years. From about 1959 until 1969, Pohl edited Galaxy magazine and its sister magazine if, winning the Hugo for if three years in a row.
Bill Bryson: A best-selling American author of humorous books on travel, as well as books on the English language and on scientific subjects.
James Clavell: was a British (later naturalized American) novelist, screenwriter, director and World War II veteran and prisoner of war.
Joe Haldeman: An American science fiction author. Haldeman's most famous novel is The Forever War (1975), inspired by his Vietnam experiences, which won both the Hugo and Nebula Awards. He later turned it into a series. Haldeman also wrote two of the earliest original novels based on the 1960s Star Trek TV series universe, Planet of Judgment (August 1977) and World Without End (February 1979). In October 2008 it was announced that Ridley Scott will direct a feature film based on The Forever War for Fox.
James Rollins: James Rollins and James Clemens are two of the pen names of American veterinarian Jim Czajkowski (born 1961), author of bestselling fantasy and action-packed adventure-thrillers. He sold his veterinary practice in Sacramento, California, to concentrate full-time on writing.
Neal Stephenson: An American writer, known for his speculative fiction works, which have been variously categorized science fiction, historical fiction, cyberpunk, and postcyberpunk. He has also written under the pseudonym of Stephen Bury.
Steven Pressfield: An American novelist and author of screenplays, principally of military historical fiction set in classical antiquity. His historical fiction is well-researched, but for the sake of dramatic flow, Pressfield may alter some details, like the sequence of events, or make use of jarring contemporary terms and place names, his stated aim being an attempt to capture the spirit of the times.
Dan Brown: American author of thriller fiction, best known for the 2003 bestselling novel, The Da Vinci Code. Brown's novels, which are treasure hunts set in a 24-hour time period, feature the recurring themes of cryptography, keys, symbols, codes, and conspiracy theories. His books have been translated into over 40 languages, and as of 2009, sold over 80 million copies.
Physics/Temporal Physics/Metaphysics/Theoretical Math/Books about time: A rather broad category. These books are non-fiction (for the most part), concern themselves primarily with my hobby of 'Akinetochronism' - The disbelief of time and motion.
Spy/Intelligence Military Historical/Espionage: Another broad category of subjects I'm interested in. Once again these books are primarily non-fiction, and they concern themselves with military intelligence topics.
On the shelf: Books that I own, and plan to read - eventually. Boy, that shelf is starting to bow under the weight of all these books.
Loaners: Books that I own, which I've loaned to people over the years.
The books linked from this page do not constitute a complete list of my favorite books. I've read many other books by the more notable authors listed above. These are simply some of my favorites. A couple of series I read (a long time ago) and enjoyed immensely were: Roger Zelazny's Amber series. The fantasy series by Piers Anthony with the whimsical titles like "Centaur Isle", and "Ogre Ogre". The "Stainless steel rat" series by Harry Harrison was another enjoyable read. As was the first Shannara series. One of the first series I read involved a character called 'Casca'. He's a combination of two figures from Christian lore: The wandering Jew; a man who taunted Christ on the way to the crucifixion, and Longinius; the Roman soldier who stuck a spear into Christ while he was on the cross. The series involved Casca as an immortal warrior. Cursed to live on as a soldier until the second coming of Christ. There were numerous books, and I read most of them (up to #14 or so). It was a really good series. Of course I read the first two 'Dragonlance' series but kind of gave up on TSR novels after reading something with the word 'Bimbo' in the title.
If you'd like to talk about one of these books, or suggest something you think I might like, please feel free to email me.
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Author: Robert L. Vaessen e-mail:
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