text:
DEER-LY DEPARTED
Pilot makes emergency landing after plane is severely damaged when it hit a DEER during take-off
TV stations showed damage to one of the right front wing flaps of the jet
BY SAM WEBB
16 Feb 2017, 9:53
A PLANE was forced to land after smashing into a deer during take-off.
The American Eagle flight started leaking fuel after smashing into the animal while taking off from the Charlotte, North Carolina, international airport, forcing it to turn around and abort a flight to Gulfport, Mississippi.
The jet was covered in flame-retardant foam as a precaution after the smashCredit: WSOCTV
The pilot landed after ground control told him the plane was leaking fuelCredit: WSOCTV
The Federal Aviation Administration said the pilot of Flight 5320 declared an emergency shortly before noon Wednesday.
Passenger Diane Muellar told WSOCTV: "Oh yeah. We heard the thud when we hit the deer. We didn't know what it was, but we did hear the noise when we hit the deer."
It is believed the deer was killed by the impact.
'NIGHTMARE FLIGHT'
Orthodox Jewish men 'cause bedlam on easyJet flight by refusing to sit with women'
HORROR AT 35,000 FEET
Terrified Brits among 186 on board China-bound plane forced to make emergency landing in Siberia following engine failure
'WAS THAT AIRLINER MEANT TO BE BENEATH ME?
Harrison Ford, 74, faces losing his pilot's licence after near-miss with jet
DRONE JET SCARE
Plane in near miss with a drone as pilot reports seeing it 'flash past' at 6,000ft above Potters Bar
shakes on a plane
'Security threat' forces plane departing Dublin Airport to land in military airbase
Another traveller, Greg Velz, praised the cabin crew and airport for the way they handled the drama.
He said: "They all looked professional. They all knew what they were doing."
American Airlines spokeswoman Katie Cody said the aircraft was leaking fuel as a result of the deer strike.
TV stations showed damage to one of the right front wing flaps of the CRJ700 jet, and emergency personnel sprayed foam on the aircraft as a precaution.
The plane struck the deer as it took off. File pictureCredit: Alamy
Passengers were evacuated after the emergency. None were injuredCredit: WSOCTV
No injuries were reported. The 44 passengers aboard the flight disembarked by stairs onto the tarmac and were seen boarding buses to return to the terminal.
According to the Federal Aviation Authority, over 1,100 aircraft were in collisions with deer between 1990 and 2015.
The airline released a statement saying: "American Airlines flight 5320, operated by PSA Airlines, hit a deer upon takeoff from Charlotte Douglas International Airport at approximately noon.
"It was a CRJ-700 with 44 passengers and 4 crew on board headed to Gulfport, Mississippi (GPT).
"The airplane came immediately back to the airport and landed safely. There was fuel leaking from the aircraft, so passengers deplaned on the runway and fire trucks did hose the plane down. "The passengers have been bused back to the terminal and will get a new aircraft."
Last week it was reported that a drone "narrowly avoided" colliding with an airbus after it "flashed past" the cockpit at 6,000 feet.
An air safety report revealed the pilot of the A320 aircraft saw the white quadcopter drone outside, reporting to air traffic control that "something had just gone over the top of him" near Potters Bar, Hertfordshire.


I was doing literature review and I came across a paper which is in the area of my interest but has been retracted because of duplicating the figures (technical drawings) of other papers.
Can I cite this paper in my literature review?
Also, is it ethical to work on the topic of this retracted paper?
Research is about telling the truth about facts of reality. You can cite any fact of reality you want if it is relevant to your research; if someone says something, you can report that they said it. You can cite a published academic paper; you can cite a newspaper article; you can cite a letter; you can cite a Post-It note or a tweet; you can cite that thing your neighbour said to you over the back fence when he got really drunk that time.
Generally researchers cite claims/information from academic papers as a source of authoritative information that has been through the process of peer review. However, there is certainly no rule that confines academics from citing information from other sources, including sources that have not been through peer review, or have been through it, but have later been retracted. There are many cases where it might be useful to cite a paper that has been retracted. There may be cases where you want to cite something from a retracted paper, where the part you are citing is undisputed, and the cause of the retraction had nothing to do with the part you are citing. There may be cases where you want to cite a claim that has been retracted, but you still think the claim is relevant despite its retraction. There may even be cases where you want to cite a retracted paper because you want to talk specifically about it having been retracted (e.g., if you are doing research on how often and why academic papers in some field are retracted).
Now, if you cite a retracted paper, it is proper practice to disclose to your reader that it is a retracted paper, and this should be done in your bibliography where you list the citation details, and should probably also be done in your main body text (e.g., Johnson 2011 - retracted). If you are citing something from the paper that is a reason for the retraction, you should make it clear to your reader that you are citing a claim that has been retracted (and hence has not passed peer review).
The notion that retraction of a paper precludes you from citing it has several obvious absurdities. First, it would make research on retracted publications extremely awkward, if not impossible. Secondly, it would implicitly require that other sources of material that have not passed peer-review could also not be cited. Thirdly, it is tantamount to claiming that writers/editors have the prerogative to preclude you from reporting what they have written. If a politician says something scandalous, and then says "retracted!" does that mean you're not allowed to report it in your research?
Retracted papers are no longer part of the scientific record. Their original publication was in error. If there was a small fix required, a correction could be issued, but in this case it seems that the journal editors deemed it necessary to retract it. You don't know for sure the details behind their decision, but if you trust their judgement in deciding which papers ought to be published (which you implicitly do, in citing published papers), then you have no rational reason not to trust their judgement in deciding which papers ought to be retracted.
Assuming here you mean the same general area, I don't see a problem with this ethically. For example, a paper on learning in cotton-top tamarin monkeys was retracted due to mistakes (or possibly misconduct?) in data coding. It is in no way unethical for other scientists to continue to work on how cotton-top tamarin monkeys learn things.
I see at least two aspects to your question: can a retracted article, in general, be cited in other research; and can a literature review include a retracted article in its review?
Can a literature review include a retracted article in its review? YES. I want to be very clear that such an article is NOT part of the scholarly body of peer-reviewed literature--it has been retracted, so does not have that quality stamp. However, I strongly believe that a literature review should include grey literature--the body of scholarly research that is not peer-reviewed, and even when meaningful, high-quality practitioner articles or books. However, you need to be clear that if you cite grey literature (including retracted articles, in your case), you should bear the responsibility to appraise and validate the quality of such work that has not been peer-reviewed. For your readers, it would be irresponsible of you not to verify that the work you cite is valid, particularly if other scholars have not already done so (that is, through peer-review). In particular for a retracted article, you should definitely explicitly mention to your readers that it was retracted and that you are knowingly citing it anyways.
Finally, you asked, "is it ethical to work on the topic of this retracted paper"? You are free to work on the topic of any article, whether published or not, retracted or not. As long as you cite and acknowledge the source of original ideas, then you are fulfilling your ethical responsibility. If your concern is that the retracted article no longer has a standard scholarly citation, well there is a good question and answer on how to correctly cite a retracted article.
Why not cite the paper it was retracted for duplicating?
The retraction isn't a reason not to work on the same topic as that paper, but if it's retracted for plagiarism, then there are likely better papers that will fit its functional need.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged publications literature-review retraction or ask your own question.


text:
Q: x tick label style issue, anchor=east and text width command not working together I have a figure where one of my labels is very long. I would like this label to be split to two rows. Currently my code is like this
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.10}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotsset{width=10 cm}
\begin{axis} [
symbolic x coords={0, Label 1, Label 2, This is a very very very long label, Label 4, Label 5, Label 6, Label 7,Label 8},
xtick={Label 1, Label 2, This is a very very very long label, Label 4, Label 5, Label 6, Label 7},
x tick label style={rotate=45, anchor=east, align=center},
axis lines*=left,
ymajorgrids = true,
legend style={at={(0.5,-0.30)},anchor=north},
ymin=0,
ymax=175,
bar width=5mm,
ybar=-0.5cm,
enlarge x limits={abs=0.6cm},
nodes near coords,
every node near coord/.append style={color=black},
]
\addplot [red,fill=red]
coordinates{ (Label 1,100) (Label 2,90) (This is a very very very long label,80) (Label 4,140) } ;
\addplot [blue,fill=blue]
coordinates{ (Label 5,80) (Label 6,25) (Label 7,66) } ;
\addlegendentry{Legend 1}
\addlegendentry{Legend 2}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Which produces this:
Now if I try to change the x tick label style to be
x tick label style={rotate=45, anchor=east, align=center,text width=3.5cm}

This happens:
So the anchor=east command doesn't seem to go along with the text width command. Other anchor commands like anchor=west, anchor=base seem to be working perfectly normal. Does anyone know why the anchor east command doesn't seem to work with the text width command and is there a way to go around this?

A: Your x tick labels are anchored to the east. But since you are giving align=center and textwidth=3.5cm the labels that are shorter will be aligned to the center with blank space to the right. Hence they stay bit away from the x-axis. To solve it align them to the right with align=right in
x tick label style={rotate=45, anchor=east, align=right,text width=3.5cm},

Full code:
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.10}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotsset{width=10 cm}
\begin{axis} [
symbolic x coords={0, Label 1, Label 2, This is a very very very long label, Label 4, Label 5, Label 6, Label 7,Label 8},
xtick={Label 1, Label 2, This is a very very very long label, Label 4, Label 5, Label 6, Label 7},
x tick label style={rotate=45, anchor=east, align=right,text width=3.5cm},
axis lines*=left,
ymajorgrids = true,
legend style={at={(0.5,-0.30)},anchor=north},
ymin=0,
ymax=175,
bar width=5mm,
ybar=-0.5cm,
enlarge x limits={abs=0.6cm},
nodes near coords,
every node near coord/.append style={color=black},
]
\addplot [red,fill=red]
coordinates{ (Label 1,100) (Label 2,90) (This is a very very very long label,80) (Label 4,140) } ;
\addplot [blue,fill=blue]
coordinates{ (Label 5,80) (Label 6,25) (Label 7,66) } ;
\addlegendentry{Legend 1}
\addlegendentry{Legend 2}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
{{ preseasonPC.ta }} • •
{{ player.hanaInfo.TEAM_ABBREVIATION }} • •
{{ player.hanaInfo.HEIGHT }} {{ player.hanaInfo.HEIGHT | ftInchesToMeters }} m
{{ player.hanaInfo.WEIGHT }} lbs {{ player.hanaInfo.WEIGHT | lbsToKg }} kg
{{ player.hanaInfo.BIRTHDATE | date:fullDate }}
College / Country
{{ player.hanaInfo.LAST_AFFILIATION }}
Asia Durr's Bio
{{ widget.title }}
Hide Player-Related News
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Total POSS
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Defensive Pace
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Block Percentage
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Per Mode
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Fantasy News provided By RotoWire
The Liberty announced Tuesday that Durr (hip) won't play during the 2020 season.
The No. 2 overall pick in the 2019 WNBA Draft was limited to only 18 appearances as a rookie before undergoing season-ending hip surgery in September, but she was expected to be fully healthy for 2020. Based on the statement from the Liberty, Durr appears to be sitting out the 2020 season for personal reasons rather than anything injury-related, becoming the latest in a growing list of WNBA players not to suit up in the shortened campaign. Durr will likely return to a starting role in the Liberty backcourt in 2021.
The Liberty announced that Durr underwent a successful hip arthroscopy and labral repair Wednesday, Geoff Magliocchetti of Elite Sports NY reports.
Durr was dealing with a groin injury that forced her to miss the final 12 games of the regular season. The team went on to say they expect the 22-year-old to make a full recovery, but didn't give a timetable for her return this early in the process. Durr ended her rookie season averaging 9.7 points, and considering the severity of the surgery, could be a long shot to suit up for opening night in 2020 recovering from the procedure.
Durr (groin) will not play in the Liberty's final game of the season Sunday against the Dream, Justin Carter of RotoBaller reports.
Durr will end her rookie season appearing in just 18 games. But she showed some potential as a scorer, averaging 9.7 points with a 54.1 true-shooting percentage.
Durr (groin) is out Friday against the Fever, Justin Carter of RotoBaller reports.
Durr has been sidelined since Aug. 7 due to a groin injury. Her next chance to play is the final game of the regular season, which is Sunday against the Dream.
Durr (groin) is listed as out for Tuesday's game against the Mystics.
Durr has been out with a groin injury for about three weeks, and there has been no update on her timetable. With the regular season drawing to a close, it would be surprising at this point if Durr returned before season's end.
Durr (groin) will not play Friday against the Sun, Justin Carter of RotoBaller reports.
Durr has been sidelined since Aug. 11, and that won't change Friday. Her next opportunity to play arrives Tuesday against the Mystics.
Durr (groin) will not play Tuesday against the Mercury, Geoff Magliocchetti of Elite Sports NY reports.
Durr has been dealing with a strained groin for the better part of the last three weeks, and Tuesday will mark her eighth consecutive absence. Her next chance to play will arrive Friday against the Sun.
Durr (groin) is out for Sunday's matchup against the Mystics, freelance reporter Brian Heyman reports.
Durr has been sidelined since Aug. 11 due to a groin strain. Her next opportunity to play arrives Tuesday against the Mercury.
Durr (groin) is out for Friday's matchup against the Dream.
Durr will miss her sixth straight game as a result of a groin strain. She should be considered day-to-day, with her next opportunity to play arriving Sunday against the Mystics.
Durr (groin) will remain out Tuesday against the Fever, Geoff Magliocchetti of Elite Sports NY reports.
Still nursing a strained groin, Durr will sit out for the fifth consecutive game. The rookie out of Louisville is averaging a respectable 9.7 points in 18 games, though she's shooting just 29.4 percent from beyond the arc.
Per Game
Preseason Ranking
Preseason Highs
About Asia Durr
2020: Did not compete in 2020… Durr was granted a medical exemption for the 2020 WNBA season.
2019: Drafted 2nd overall in the 2019 WNBA Draft… Appeared in 18 games, starting in 15 averaging 26.7 minutes per game and 9.7 PPG… Suffered a hip injury that forced her to sit out nearly half the season… Averaged 9.7 PPG, 1.6 RPG, and 1.7 APG… Scored a career-high 20 points vs Minnesota, 4 rebounds vs. Seattle and 3-3 (3PM) against Chicago. Scored 19 points against Chicago on June 19.
College: In her senior year (2018-19) her 2,485 points ranked second in Louisville history and fifth in ACC history…She had 374 made 3-point field goals in her career, which ranks second in Louisville program history and first in ACC history…Named Dawn Staley Award Winner for best guard and Ann Meyers Drysdale Award Winner for best shooting guard…Named Louisville Women's Sports Network Women In Sports Honors Athlete of the Year…Averaged 18.7 points per game – ranked 4th in ACC (2017-18)… Had a team-high 31 double-digit scoring games the 2017 season, including 15 20-point games…Voted all-ACC Tournament first team after averaging 23.7 points, 4.7 rebounds, and 1.7 assists, and connecting on 13-of-29 3-pointers (2016-17)…Named USBWA National Freshman of the Week and ACC Rookie of the Week (2015-16)
Personal: Asia Durr (born April 5, 1997) is a guard for the New York Liberty. She played college basketball at University of Louisville. Daughter of Terry Durr Sr. and Audrey Durr…has two brothers Christian and T.J. and one sister Genesis…Participated in numerous community service activities such as writing letters to U.S. troops as part of the Works of Mercy Service program and helping with the Shoes for Haiti campaign, volunteered locally at a food pantry, Destiny World Church's homeless ministry and the Meal on Wheel Association…Member of the 2017 USA Women's U23 National Team and averaged a team-leading 12.7 PPG and 2.3 RPG…Graduated from St. Pius X Catholic High School in Georgia and won two state titles in 2013 and 2014.
Years Pro
{{ player.hanaInfo.SEASON_EXP }}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


SawPanse: Haiti Music, Haiti Movie, Haiti News..uncensored!
SawPanse is an online entertainment blog which provides daily up-to-date Haiti related news. By providing original articles, music, movie trailers, interviews, red carpet coverage and news around the giant world of entertainment, our team always eager to give the best and open for suggestions to improve SawPanse for you. Feel free to contact us for sharing your interest, idea and suggestion to support our team.
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Contact us at [email protected] or use the contact form.
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text:
Юнацька збірна Нідерландів з футболу (U-20) — національна футбольна збірна Нідерландів, що складається із гравців віком до 20 років. Керівництво командою здійснює Футбольна федерація Нідерландів.

Команда скликається для участі у Молодіжному чемпіонаті світу, якщо відповідну кваліфікацію долає юнацька збірна U-19, а також може брати участь у товариських і регіональних змаганнях.

Чемпіонат світу U-20

Посилання
 Профіль команди  на soccerway.com

Нідерланди
Футбольна збірна Нідерландів

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is a partial listing of acceptable certifications. If your certificate is not listed below, please contact us to determine whether your certification meets our minimum certification requirements.
If you don't have the necessary certifications, contact your local American Red Crosschapter for information on courses in your area.
You may use goggles only during the 500-yard timed swim. For your safety, goggles are not permitted during rescue skills.
We strongly encourage you to practice for the timed distance swim before you take the test. Experience indicates that many applicants overestimate their swimming ability in the early season. Begin swimming early to get ready for the timed swim!


text:
license: >
    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    distributed with this work for additional information
    regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
    software distributed under the License is distributed on an
    "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
    KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
    specific language governing permissions and limitations
    under the License.
---

# CaptureVideoOptions

> Инкапсулирует параметры конфигурации захвата видео.

## Свойства

*   **ограничение**: максимальное количество видеоклипов устройства пользователь может захватить в одном захвата. Значение должно быть больше или равно 1 (по умолчанию 1).

*   **Продолжительность**: максимальная длительность видеоклипа, в секундах.

## Быстрый пример

    // limit capture operation to 3 video clips
    var options = { limit: 3 };

    navigator.device.capture.captureVideo(captureSuccess, captureError, options);

## Ежевика WebWorks совместимости

*   Параметр **duration** не поддерживается, поэтому длина записи не могут быть ограничены программным способом.

## iOS причуды

*   Параметр **limit** не поддерживается. Только один видео записывается на вызов.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


• But easy to assemble, requires no tools.
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text:
G20 2021
Download as PDF Print
Sustainable and quality infrastructure beyond the Covid-19 pandemic: Proposals for new financing models
Rym Ayadi (Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association (EMEA))
Dina Azhgaliyeva (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
Tetsushi Sonobe (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
Nella Sri Hendriyetty (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
September 28, 2021 | Last updated: October 14, 2021
Tags: COVID-19, Green Growth, Infrastructure Development
Infrastructure investment is indispensable for green and inclusive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, public funding has been limited due to the use of funds for the immediate needs of COVID-19 recovery, and private investors have also reshaped their investment profile to address the difficult circumstances.
Many enablers for boosting economic growth through infrastructure development have been identified during the pandemic, and government intervention is needed to harness their benefits. Such intervention includes well-designed stimulus packages, innovative financing instruments and improvements in governance. This policy brief will discuss these factors and provide recommendations that policy makers can utilise to accelerate economic growth through infrastructure development.
Sustainable and inclusive growth and development in many countries have been on track for a while. However, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses cumulative challenges for sustaining livelihoods, healthcare systems, economic and social stability, and governance across the globe, nationally and locally. While public funds are limited and public and corporate debt levels are rising significantly, the demand for financial support is rising in multiple sectors, requiring policy makers to make difficult choices to cope with the health crisis and minimise its detrimental economic, social and developmental impacts.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a game-changer and has fundamentally transformed many aspects, such as doing business and activities. While the same traditional issues of climate change, such as subsidised or government-controlled energy prices,1 and technology will continue to present challenges as well as opportunities, this pandemic is creating greater challenges in our ideas and goals for how development can be sustainable, inclusive and resilient. Building infrastructure is essential to meet those needs. In many regions (e.g., in the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia), the need for investment in public infrastructure remains high, while fiscal space remains limited. The global pandemic has shown that the existing healthcare infrastructure is lagging and is unprepared to deal with a health emergency (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Global Health Security Index Regional Averages
Note: The regional classification follows the one used by the Global Health Security Index (GHS), while Southeast Asia in the graph includes both Southeastern Asia and Southern Asia. The Global Health Security Index is a project of the Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security and was developed with the Economist Intelligence Unit. The average overall GHS Index score is 40.2 out of a possible 100. While high-income countries report an average score of 51.9, the index shows that collectively, international preparedness for epidemics and pandemics remains very weak
Source: Author's elaboration based on data retrieved from the Global Health Security Index, https://www.ghsindex.org
It is time to reconsider seriously the priority of different types of infrastructure, the respective roles of the public and private sector in financing infrastructure investment and the governance in infrastructure development, for the following reasons.
First, there is a shift in the categories of the infrastructure needs of countries. Conventionally, essential infrastructure for water and sanitation, transportation and electricity has been crucial. The pandemic has made healthcare and telecommunications infrastructure essential. Activities such as agriculture and e-commerce are now equally important for livelihoods. This recognition will remain largely unchanged in the post-COVID-19 era.
Furthermore, the United Nations (2020) pointed out that, shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic, the world is not on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. In terms of climate change action, the world is still far from meeting its Paris Agreement target. There has been a rise in climate-related infrastructure projects, such as those for renewable energy. Green bond issuances are growing fast (Figure 2) and are expected to continue to grow in 2021 (Katz 2021). However, this rise is being surpassed by investment in fossil fuels. The situation has been exacerbated by the pandemic, which has led to countries diverting their funding to other sectors in an effort to make a quick recovery from the downturn due to the pandemic.
Figure 2. Green Bond Issuances
Source: BloombergNEF (2020)
Second, in the aftermath of the pandemic, public funds for financing infrastructure will be even more limited due to the enormous amount of public expenditure for the immediate needs of social security and economic recovery. The other sources, together with innovative schemes and mechanisms for financing, have accordingly assumed greater importance.
For years, the public sector has been the main financier for infrastructure with the support of multilateral development organisations. However, the increasingly unsustainable level of public debt has reduced the room for increasing public spending without risking governments' international credit ratings across the world and lowand middle-income countries in particular. While public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been used for decades, there have been many cases of ineffective implementation and contract renegotiation and cancelation (Jooste and Scott, 2012). Mostly, the challenges come from the lack of bankable projects, market failures, agency failures including the lack of government capacity in designing a project and poor governance, legitimacy issues, and the loss of bargaining power to negotiate user charges or tariffs once a project finishes.
Third, infrastructure development is susceptible to corruption, especially if a project is not carefully designed and planned. For example, infrastructure with PPP financing usually involves many actors, and the role of the government in the scheme is unclear: whether it acts as a regulator, corrects market failure or is an active stakeholder. This composition sometimes causes a project to be characterised as a natural monopoly. Given the urgency of saving lives during the pandemic and maintaining the economy, it is important to accelerate infrastructure development, but hasty decision making and rough-and-ready designing and planning can further breed opportunities for corruption. A lack of transparency and time constraints can exacerbate the situation and lead to inefficiencies and delays in the completion of projects.
Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, infrastructure development is a key factor to ensure global stability through the accessibility of global public goods and connectivity, which should support local resilience. Therefore, this policy brief proposes three sets of solutions:
1.REPRIORITISATION
Governments across the world are now shaping their agendas and adapting to the "new normal". Massive economic stimuli have been injected into economies for liquidity and stabilisation. According to an International Monetary Fund report (IMF, 2020), fiscal measures related to COVID-19 have reached almost 12 per cent of world GDP. Even though stimulus measures were projected to stabilise economies by boosting consumption and investment, they would result in the rise in public debt which has been made even surer by the declines in tax revenue and surge in social security expenditures during the pandemic. With the scarcity of resources, policy makers need to reconsider which type of stimulus is more effective and has less detrimental effects on the economy, while monitoring very closely whether the funds have been directed efficiently to the provision of public goods. The G20 can facilitate the support in this area, in term of policy options, knowledge management and effective monitoring. The output could be in the form of high-level principles and policy guidance on stimulus recovery package on COVID-19.
Global Infrastructure Hub (GIH, 2021) suggests that infrastructure investment should be included in mediumand long-term stimulus packages to drive economic recovery. It is estimated that the fiscal multipliers of public investment are higher than for other types of public spending. Based on 200 economic studies over 25 years, GIH estimates that the average fiscal multiplier is around 0.8 in 1 year and around 1.5 within 2-5 years. The multiplier is even larger during contractionary periods (around 1.6). Therefore, tunnelling the stimulus to the most urgent infrastructure projects for economic recovery growth is essential. Furthermore, Fernando and McKibbin (2021) predict, based on their cutting-edge macroeconomic model, that among several fiscal policy scenarios, an increase in infrastructure investment gives the most benefit because it increases both production capacity and effective aggregate demand.
While the G20 developed countries have issued their recovery packages, which include innovation, green growth and technological expansion, many developing countries are striving to be resilient by narrowing their fiscal gap through quantitative easing, tapping extra budgetary funds, and increasing revenue through new types of taxes or raising the rate of existing types of tax, such as fuel excise taxes (India) and VAT rate (Saudi Arabia), and imposed digital taxes on foreign firms (Indonesia) (IMF, 2020). Only a few developing countries have revisited their mediumand long-term prioritisation of infrastructure after COVID-19 or have reviewed the effectiveness of the current stimulus to ensure reaching the committed goals. It is timely for international organisations and multilateral development banks to provide guidance for countries on the choice of infrastructure priorities and in designing conducive policy measures.
Extreme behavioural changes in people during the pandemic should also be taken into consideration in infrastructure reprioritisation. While the use of public transport has declined at least in the short term, sharp increases in online shopping (e-commerce) and demand for delivery services have been observed, which causes pressure for countries to provide highspeed broadband connectivity as it is essential for remote working, online education and e-commerce. Furthermore, the emergency also pushes policy makers to prioritise healthcare and emergency services as well as power and water supplies, including sanitation and waste management.
In order to issue an effective infrastructure stimulus, a government should set the agenda and priorities for infrastructure projects. With the behavioural changes of people and changes in the norms of doing business, a government needs to reassess the infrastructure agenda and pipelines. In setting the agenda, governments should take short-, mediumand long-term needs and constraints into consideration.
In resetting the priorities, policy makers should consider and select the infrastructure that can accelerate deliveries in the supply chain, including medical deliveries, ensure there is sufficient budget and commitment to the plan, and ensure the projects will create high-quality jobs, enhance productivity and minimise inefficiencies and corruption.
While there are many types of infrastructure needing to be reprioritised due to the impact of the pandemic, this paper proposes that the following types of infrastructure development be accelerated and considered.
a. Social infrastructure
Even though social infrastructure is identified among the infrastructure needs (ADB, 2017), the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the current trend in social changes and brought about a new transformation in society. The output of social infrastructure is mainly services, but to be able to provide public services, governments need economic or physical infrastructure. Unlike electricity and telecommunications, social infrastructure is not built but is based on the staged planning by service providers to prepare for the future growth in demand and contains equipment within capital investment.
Even without COVID-19, Asia should have invested at least around $1.6 trillion-$1.7 trillion per year on social infrastructure. Some adjustments are needed in the investment of social infrastructure, especially for education, healthcare and public housing, due to the pandemic. The pandemic has increased the demand for investment in social infrastructure needs. Asia should invest an additional budget of almost 0.5%-1% of GDP (Hendriyetty, Boden and Takayama, 2021; Dartanto, 2021).
b. Sustainable infrastructure
Limiting global warming within 2.0⁰C above pre-industrial levels, with the greater ambition to limit it further to within 1.5⁰C above pre-industrial levels, is the cornerstone of the Paris Agreement. Sustainable infrastructure plays an important role in reaching this goal. Sustainable infrastructure not only refers to both fixed assets and institutions that enable and promote the greater use of renewable energy, but also greater energy storage, and infrastructure necessary for cleaner transportation, for biodiversity conservation and for the development of circular economy. Many countries are implementing national policies aiming to promote climate change mitigation and adaptation, including fiscal, financial, information and education, institutional support, strategic planning, regulatory and voluntary measures. Policies incentivising investment in sustainable infrastructure should be predictable over a long period of time, and hence require long-term commitments.
Long-term and predictable policies can help to mobilise private investments in sustainable infrastructure (OECD, 2020; World Bank, 2020), which are risky and require high upfront cost. Policies that demonstrate a government's long-term commitment and are more predictable are more effective in promoting private investments in sustainable infrastructure than policies that do not require long-term government commitments and are less predictable (Azhgaliyeva, Kapsalyamova and Low, 2019). For the same reason feed-in tariffs have proven effective in promoting private investments in renewable energy projects. Other long-term and predictable policy instruments include, for example, subsidised loans and electricity market liberalisation. Such long-term and predictable policies allow renewable energy projects to receive long-term government support, while grants, subsidies and taxes usually do not require a long-term commitment from governments. The costs of such long-term policies can be higher than those of short-term policies, but it does not follow that the longer-term policies are less desirable, because their impact on private investments may be greater. Thus, it is important to differentiate shortand long-term policy support when conduct cost-benefit analysis for planed incentives for attracting private investment in sustainable infrastructure.
Although investment in energy transition has increased globally, it declined in Asia and the Pacific in recent years as the data in Figure 3 show. This means that Asia and the Pacific need more long-term and predictable policies to promote investments in energy transition. Such policies are more popular in developed countries and less popular in developing countries due to their high costs and the long-term commitment needed. The long-term commitment is still a major challenge for developing economy governments because of volatile government revenues. The situation warrants considerable further efforts to strengthen domestic resource mobilisation, in addition to support from the multilateral development banks.
Figure 3. Investments in Energy Transition Note: CCS = carbon capture and storage
c. Digital infrastructure
COVID-19 has triggered drastic changes and shown that digitalisation and technology are critical for people's resilience and business continuity. Digital technology (infrastructure) has helped people to connect amid the "social distancing" environment. Almost all aspects require digital connectivity, such as e-commerce, education (distance learning) and even medical services. According to Strusani and Houngbonon (2020), digital infrastructure is a physical infrastructure of connectivity. It includes the installation of cables undersea, underground and above ground; towers, data centres and satellites; wireless communication; and all equipment that can connect the world through the Internet. In regard to stimulus design, policy makers should consider all aspects to ensure that the Internet can be accessed by all. The change in consumer behaviour that COVID-19 has triggered may continue in the long term and expand online commerce even further. If governments fail to supply digital connectivity and services, there will be disruptions in supply chains, higher cost of operating due to organisational changes, and financial distress due to the shutdown of critical suppliers and distributors.
Those three types of infrastructure can be developed independently or integrated with each other depending on the needs and demand in the country. There are many examples of projects that combine digital and sustainable infrastructure, such as a service-oriented environment with cloud service, to facilitate green supply chains and promoting energy efficiency as well as healthcare systems and facilities (Hustada and Olsen, 2020).
2. NEW FINANCING MODELS
The pandemic forced the private sector to reduce their participation in infrastructure investment in light of rising debt levels and risks and to reduce their risk profile. Therefore, conventional financing models are possibly becoming less attractive for private investors when considering such long-term investments. New models, such as PPP financing schemes, infrastructure bonds, green bonds and revenue-based loans should be considered.
This policy brief therefore makes the following proposals.
a. New generation of PPP project-bond financing
Subsequent to the 2008 global financial crisis, stricter regulations on banks, including higher capital requirements, have not only reduced banks' appetite to fund infrastructure projects by traditional debt but also reduced the internal rates of return for project developers, particularly in lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Since then, accessing institutional bond markets has become a viable alternative for funding infrastructure projects via dedicated project bonds2 that aim at reducing the cost of funding. However, because of the inherent high risk attached to infrastructure construction and performance, the market has remained small and largely underdeveloped, particularly in LMICs.
Ayadi (2021) proposes a PPP financing framework in the form of a PPP bond that decouples country and execution/performance risks. The bond structure relies on the underlying government assets (e.g., guarantees from governments and co-guarantees from international development institutions) to pay for the cost of the project and/or the cash flow that it could generate. The underlying debt, of whichever form, must be disclosed in a globally recognised registry, as argued in Ayadi and Avgouleas (2020), and the issuer must be fully independent from the government and the developer. The execution/performance risks, which are externalised from the bond structure, are under the responsibility of the project's developers and associated construction companies. When the bond is issued and proceeds are raised for a specific project and escrowed in a project account for the benefit of the project, the use funds will be subjected to strict regulation (e.g., fund management agreement) and monitoring via a reputable independent audit firm that will be required under the prospectus of the bond to disclose periodically the progress of the projects to the investors and the co-guarantors. In case of non-performance of the executer, following two consecutive quarterly meetings with the appointed officials responsible to monitor the project progress on behalf of the government and the auditors, a predetermined prompt corrective action is implemented. In case of performance, the executor will be paid a portion of the margin in deferred consideration. This financing structure has the following benefits:1) it enhances predictability for the investors and reduces the reputational risks;2) it reduces the corruption and operational risks; and 3) it increases the certainty of execution.
b. Bonds for infrastructure investment
Green bonds. Green bonds are debt securities whose proceeds are used to fund environmental projects, including for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The financing of sustainable infrastructure using green bonds is growing fast. Annual issuances of green bonds around the world have grown rapidly, from $3.4 billion in 2012 to $271 billion in 2020. One-fifth of green bonds are issued in Asia and the Pacific (Figure 4). Therefore, unlike conventional bonds, green bonds finance projects with clear environmental benefits.
Figure 4. Green Bond Issuances in Asia and the Pacific and the Rest of the World ROW = rest of the world
Two distinct challenges that have been found in the literature for issuers are the limited credit absorption capacity and the costs of meeting the green bond requirements. Third-party assurance providers are responsible for verifying the "green bond" status and monitoring the use of bond proceeds by issuers. The costs of obtaining a third-party opinion could range from $10,000 to $100,000. Policies that reduce the cost of labelling bonds "green" by covering the cost of the external review, such as green bond grants, have shown to be effective in promoting green bond issuances and listings (Azhgaliyeva, Kapoor and Liu, 2020).
However, green bonds do not necessarily bring environmental benefits. This is because the proceeds of green bonds can be used to fund "brown" projects, without clear environmental benefits, unless they are excluded from the green bond taxonomy (such as in EU TEGSF, 2020). Thus, green bond taxonomies should not only contain eligible projects but should also contain an exclusion list, at least covering fossil fuels, to eliminate brown projects. This is especially crucial for energy storage and transportation. Appropriate policy design is crucial for achieving a policy's stipulated objectives, and these objectives must, therefore, be clearly defined before designing a green bond policy. National green bond taxonomies should be carefully developed to avoid the use of green bond proceeds for financing fossil fuel projects.
The "green" label is applicable not only to generic bonds but also to sukuk (Islamic bonds). In fact, green sukuk have been issued in major sukuk-issuing countries, i.e., Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. Also, policies incentivising green bonds, such as green bond grants and tax incentives as seen in Table 1 in the Appendix, have been successfully used to incentivise green sukuk.
Revenue-based loans. Revenue-based loans for infrastructure have been proposed to address concerns that infrastructure development requires enormous public funding that can create imbalances in government budgets. Many countries are exploring alternative solutions for infrastructure financing without putting further pressure on their budgets. One of the ideas is to create an investment instrument where the compensation is based on the performance of the infrastructure project considering the significant spillover effects created by it (Hyun, Nishizawa and Yoshino, 2008; Yoshino and Hendriyetty, 2021). However, there are some concerns for the lending instrument based on the infrastructure performance, such as the investment structure, risk exposure, term and the liability of issuers, even though the payment is based on performance (PWC, 2017). The recommendations for this mechanism are varied, such as establishing a trust or special purpose vehicle with independent and professional arrangement for asset securitisation, and the perpetual or extended maturity of the instrument. As the return on the investment will be based on the performance of the infrastructure (in this case, the spillover effects of the infrastructure), policy makers and construction companies should create conducive policies to encourage business in the areas adjacent to infrastructure projects. In such areas, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startup businesses should be encouraged to start or expand operation (Yoshino, Hendriyetty and Lakhia, 2019). The Hometown Investment Trust Fund (HTITs) concept, which has been applied in Japan in the past, should be considered to help SMEs and startups to get financing and build their credit reputation (Yoshino, Hendriyetty and Taghizadeh-Hesary, 2020). The concept is similar to crowdfunding in many countries. Unlike common types of crowdfunding that are mostly in the informal sector, HTITs are supervised and registered as Type II Financial Instruments Business Operators under the Japan Financial Service Authority (Yoshino, Hendriyetty and Sioson, 2020).
3. GOVERNANCE AND TRANSPARENCY
PPP bonds to enforce transparency. As documented by Ayadi and Avgouleas (2020), there are fundamental weaknesses in the institutional and governance frameworks in debt issuance and recording by government entities in LMICs. These include, but are not restricted to, fragmented responsibilities and uncoordinated institutional arrangements, limited mandates where the legal framework for the coverage of public debt is narrow, and weak auditing capacity and disclosure to the market participants. Overall, the gaps stem from debt recording, monitoring, audit capacity and systematic links with the execution and performance of the infrastructure projects. In their paper, the authors advocated for increasing debt transparency by recording old and new debt issuances in a globally recognised, traceable repository powered by distributed ledger technology and systematically monitoring the debt proceeds to minimise the incidence of corruption and enhance accountability to taxpayers and citizens. Ayadi (forthcoming) emphasises that for infrastructure development using PPP bonds, transparency must be enforced via the regular (monthly) monitoring of the proceeds used to fund the projects by reputable third-party audit firms, which must be mandated to disclose the relevant information to the market under strict clauses in the prospectus. Such disclosure and monitoring will enhance the information available to the investors and the guarantors on the use of funds, and will ultimately reduce the financial and execution risks of the project.
Land trust for infrastructure governance. The highest risk for corruption in infrastructure development is in the procurement stage. Land procurement and land acquisition are delicate and complicated processes, especially for highway infrastructure. These issues sometimes cause stops or delays in the construction stage of infrastructure development, which can lead to substantial losses for investors and unpredicted changes in government plans.
Land mafias prevail in developing countries. They act as informal middlemen between the government/construction companies and the landowners. There is no written legal arrangement for them assigned by landowners. However, they ask extraordinarily high prices from construction companies or governments and report substantially lower price to landowners. They receive huge amounts of money as middlemen and leave the landowners feeling dissatisfied with the government for underestimating their land value.
A land trust is a legal and independent institution representing the landowners to the government and construction companies. As a legal institution, a land trust should fulfil the requirements of good corporate governance and promote transparency. With the assistance of the fast development of technology, a land trust can create a platform that can be accessed by the public for information on land prices in an area. This will reduce the potential for land mafias.
Moreover, the main objective of the land trust is to bridge the relationship between the government and landowners in cases where the government rents land for public infrastructure. For this function, the land trust institution will conduct an independent assessment of the value of the rent and collect it for the landowners. The rent payment can be calculated using the spillover effects of the tax revenue. In this scenario, landowners can retain the benefit of their land and enjoy the spillover effects created by the infrastructure built on it (Yoshino and Hendriyetty, 2021).
The main obstacle for countries to implement this concept that the regulation framework for land ownership, especially in developing countries, is unfavourable. For example, regulation cannot cover the long tenure of the contract for infrastructure, or create the independence and the professionality of the trust or institution to manage the rent. Nonetheless, with rapid urbanisation in many countries, the G20 and international organisations should consider this concept as an option for countries seeking to build smart and modern cities. The G20 can mandate multilateral development banks to develop guidance on the appropriate framework, and assist countries with a programme to help establish the concept.
This policy brief explained the challenges governments are facing for infrastructure investment during this economic contraction. The major challenges come from the slight changes in infrastructure priorities, financing gaps and governance. To address these challenges, this brief provides three approaches. Governments should: 1) include infrastructure investment in stimulus packages and rearrange the priorities of infrastructure based on the urgency of economic recovery; 2) increase private-sector participation in infrastructure by exploring many attractive financing instruments to fit investors' appetites; and 3) enhance governance in infrastructure development by improving transparency and strengthening the monitoring process for accountability. To implement effective policies, governments need to consider their country's characteristics and identify which areas are critical factors for economic recovery.
Table 1. Comparison of Green Bond Grants
Note: NA not available; SRI Sustainable and Responsible Investment; SGX Singapore Stock Exchange;
KLSE Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange; HKSE Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Source: Authors' own based on information from official websites of the Government of the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region, Monetary Authority of Singapore and Green Bond Issuance Promotion Platform (Japan)
Source: Azhgaliyeva, Kapoor and Liu (2020)
1  Developing Asian economies spent about 2.5 per cent of GDP on average on subsidising oil, gas and coal in 2012 (ADB, 2016a). Subsidised energy prices not only consume public resources that could be devoted to financing the low-carbon transition (ADB, 2016b), and disincentivise investments in renewable energy production and efficient energy use; but also benefit the poor the least, while richer populations benefit the most due to their higher energy consumption (ADB, 2016a).
2  In a project bond, the issuer raises funds to finance a single indivisible large-scale capital investment project whose cash flows are the sole source to meet financial obligations and to provide returns to investors. In the case of a typical corporate borrower, the security is typically issued against the firm's general credit, and the underlying assets consist of multiple sources of cash flows.
3  The upper limit of subsidies gradually decreases each fiscal year.
4  "Islamic endowment a voluntary and irrevocable endowment of Shariah-compliant assets for Shariah-compliant purposes" (Securities Commission Malaysia, 2019).
Asian Development Bank (2016a), Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Asia: Trends, Impacts, and Reforms: Integrative Report, Mandaluyong City, Philippines, Asian Development Bank, https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/182255/fossil-fuel-subsidies-asia.pdf
Asian Development Bank (2016b), Asian Development Outlook 2016 Update. Meeting the Low-Carbon Growth Challenge, Mandaluyong City, Philippines, Asian Development Bank, https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/197141/ado2016-update.pdf
Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2017. Meeting Asia's Infrastructure Needs. Manila
Ayadi, R. (2021), "Toward a New PPP Financing Framework of Infrastructure Development in Africa", in EMEA Policy Papers
Ayadi, R.; and E. Avgouleas (2020), "Time to Implement a Techdriven Sovereign Debt Transparency Initiative: Concept, Design and Policy Actions", in T20 Saudi Arabia Policy Brief: TF8 International Financial Architecture
Azhgaliyeva, D.; A. Kapoor; and Y. Liu (2020), "Green Bonds for Financing Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in South-East Asia: A Review of Policies", in Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Vol. 10, No. 2
Azhgaliyeva, D.; Z. Kapsalyamova; and L. Low (2019), "Implications of Fiscal and Financial Policies on Unlocking Green Finance and Green Investment", in J. D. Sachs, W. T. Woo, N. Yoshino and F. Taghizadeh-Hesary, Handbook of Green Finance: Energy Security and Sustainable Development, Tokyo and Singapore, ADBI, Springer, pp. 427-457
BloombergNEF (2020), New Energy Outlook 2020, https://about.bnef.com/new-energy-outlook/
Dartanto, T. (2021), "Impact of COVID-19 on Social Infrastructure in Asia", Conference presentation, 18-19 February, in Indonesia-Japan Policy Research Forum for Asia: Infrastructure, Technology and Finance for Sustainable and Inclusive Development in Asia beyond the Pandemic, p. 19
EU TEGSF (2020), Taxonomy: Final Report of the Technical Expert Group on Sustainable Finance, EU Technical Expert Group on Sustainable Finance, https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/business_economy_euro/banking_and_finance/documents/200309-sustainable-finance-teg-final-report-taxonomy_en.pdf
Fernando, R.; and W. J. McKibbin (2021), "Macroeconomic Policy Adjustments Due to COVID-19: Scenario to 2025 with a Focus on Asia", in ADBI Working Paper Series, No. 1219 (March), https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/684551/adbi-wp1219.pdf
GIH (2021), How Effective Is Public Infrastructure Investment in Supporting COVID-19 Economic Recovery Efforts?, Sydney, Australia, https://www.gihub.org/infrastructure-monitor/insights/fiscal-multipliereffect-of-infrastructure-investment/
Hendriyetty, N. S.; A. Boden; and K. Takayama (2021), "Social Infrastructure to Drive Sustainable Development in Asia beyond the Pandemic", in Asia Pathways: The Blog of Asian Development Bank Institute, 14 June, https://www.asiapathways-adbi.org/2021/06/social-infrastructure-drive-sustainable-development-asia-beyond-pandemic/
Hustada, E.; and D. H. Olsen (2020), "Creating a Sustainable Digital Infrastructure: The Role of Service-Oriented Architecture", in Procedia Computer Science, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346989191_Creating_a_sustainable_digital_infrastructure_The_role_of_service-oriented_architecture
Hyun, S.; T. Nishizawa; and N. Yoshino (2008), "Exploring the Use of Revenue Bond for Infrastructure Financing in Asia", in JBICI Discussion Papers (July)
IMF (2020), Fiscal Monitor: Policies for the Recovery, Washington DC
Jooste, S. F.; and W. R. Scott (2012), "The Public-Private Partnership Enabling Field: Evidence from Three Cases", in Administration & Society, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 149-182
Katz, M. (2021), Green Bond Issuance Sets New Record in 2020, 2 February, https://www.ai-cio.com/news/green-bond-issuance-sets-new-record-2020/
OECD (2020), Compendium of Policy Good Practices for Quality Infrastructure Investment, Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level, 28-29 October 2020, https://www.oecd.org/mcm/2020/Compendium-CMIN-2020-3-EN.pdf
PWC (2017), Exploring Alternative Solutions to Infrastructure Financing: What You Need to Know
Strusani, D.; and G. V. Houngbonon (2020), "What COVID-19 Means for Digital Infrastructure in Emerging Markets", in EM Compass in Emerging Markets (May), https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/publications_ext_content/ifc_external_publication_site/publications_listing_page/what+covid+19+means+for+digital+infrastructure+in+emerging+markets
United Nations (2020), The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020, https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2020.pdf
World Bank (2020), Renewable Energy: Evaluation of the World Bank Group's Support for Electricity Supply from Renewable Energy Resources, 2000-2017, file:///C:/Users/DBT/Downloads/Renewable-Energy-Evaluation-of-the-World-Bank-Group-s-Support-for-Electricity-from-Renewable-Energy-Resources-2000-2017.pdf
Yoshino, N.; and N. Hendriyetty (2021), "Quality Infrastructure Investment in the Face of the COVID-19 Crisis: Sustainability, Profitability, and Demand versus Resilience", in Policy Brief Saudi Arabia T20 Task Force 3: Infrastructure Investment and Financing
Yoshino, N.; N. S. Hendriyetty; and E. P. Sioson (2020), "Exploring Community-Based Financing Schemes to Finance Social Protection", in ADBI Working Paper Series, No. 1105 (March), https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/575601/adbi-wp1105.pdf
Yoshino, N.; N. Hendriyetty; and S. Lakhia (2019), "Quality Infrastructure Investment: Ways to Increase the Rate of Return for Infrastructure Investments", in T20 Japan Task Force 4: Economic Effects of Infrastructure Investment and Its Financing
Yoshino, N.; N. Hendriyetty; and F. Taghizadeh-Hesary (2020), "Economists' Views on the Global Economy: How a Big Impact from Covid-19 on SME Finance & Infrastructure Maintenance Can Be Avoided", in Japan Spotlight: The World Trade System with Covid-19 (July/August), pp. 64-67, https://www.jef.or.jp/journal/pdf/232nd_EVGE.pdf
Rym Ayadi Dina Azhgaliyeva Tetsushi Sonobe Nella Sri Hendriyetty
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Governing Climate Target, Energy Transition and Environmental Protection
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Romadhani ARDI (Universitas Indonesia)
Nicolas Buchoud (Grand Paris Alliance for Metropolitan Development Paris)
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First video footage of wild red pandas in Myanmar
Written by Ally Catterick
Ally previously worked as FFI's Deputy Director of Communications. Before this she worked in media management and PR for clients including comedians Eddie Izzard and Ed Byrne. She has also worked for Melbourne International Arts Festival, conservation organisation Greening Australia and the production company Roving Enterprises.
A team of Fauna & Flora International (FFI) biologists has captured footage of the incredibly charming and rare red panda in the wild – the first ever caught on film in Myanmar.
The cute couple were caught roaming the high altitude mixed bamboo and conifer forests of the Imawbum mountain range, in the country's far north-east.
The first footage of the red panda captured by FFI in the wild in Myanmar.
The footage shows a pair of red pandas crawling slowly on a rocky landslide caused by Chinese logging up to the ruined forest to feed on bamboo leaves.
The brief clip highlights how threatened the habitat of this rare species is.
Chinese companies are not only destroying the delicate alpine forest, but are also opening access roads for hunting and wildlife trade fuelled by Chinese demand.
"When we encountered the two red pandas, we felt two emotions at the same time; incredibly happy for the direct sighting and for obtaining this first exciting footage, but terribly saddened seeing the state of their habitat and threats to the species' survival," said Saw Soe Aung, FFI's field biologist who captured the couple on film.
Imawbum, in the far north-east of Kachin state, seems to be a hot spot for red pandas, FFI surveys have documented a very high density, unlike in other parts of the Burmese Himalaya, where the species is very rare.
FFI's camera traps have captured the presence of red pandas throughout the Imawbum mountain forests during all field surveys – from when they first began in 2009, until today.
The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with fewer than 10,000 mature individuals estimated to survive in the wild, endemic to temperate mountain forests of the Eastern Himalayas ranging from Western Nepal to China.
Hunting and wildlife trade, alongside accelerated deforestation caused by illegal logging are the main threats for the species in Myanmar. FFI's Red Panda Conservation Programme started in 2012 in response to these threats.
The programme is working to increase awareness amongst local indigenous people for the protection of the species, while supporting the Myanmar Forest Department to designate a new protected area, Imawbum National Park.
The Myanmar Forest Department and FFI are planning to complete the consultation with local communities to finalise the proposed park boundary before the end of this year.
This would give this species legal protection, but it is unlikely that hunting and logging will stop immediately. Nevertheless hunting has already declined since FFI facilitated local indigenous Law Waw and Lisu communities to establish a community-managed no-hunting zone and employed community ranges for its protection.
To address illegal logging FFI has initiated a transboundary dialogue.
"We hope that the National Park designation combined with Myanmar's recent raw log export ban will encourage the Chinese government to stop loggers venturing into Myanmar," said Frank Momberg, FFI's Myanmar programme director.
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Written by: Ally Catterick
Rolling news – Ten species to watch in 2023
Five amazing plants and the endangered animals that depend on them
What happened at COP15? FFI's reaction to the new deal for nature


I am determining whether 'non-traditional' neurological and cognitive symptoms that do not fit with a conventional diagnosis correspond with a higher burden of small vessel disease (SVD) on brain MRI. I am also characterising these symptoms in relation to progression of SVD (a) radiologically based on longitudinal disease progression on MRI and (b) clinically, in the form of cognitive decline and recurrent stroke. This work will allow us to identify those individuals with early features of SVD, before significant disease progression occurs. Identifying the disease early will be central to future dementia and stroke prevention. I am currently involved in the Mild Stroke Study 3, the R4VaD Study and the LACI-2 Study.


Art in all forms has been my love for many years. I have concentrated on crafts and eventually found my diamond in the sky, Mosaic: "Assiette Picasette". Which is the use of broken tiles, china and glass to form an image.
I have been learning new mosaic techniques seriously for the past 7 years with a master artist, Dimitry Grudsky, in combination viewing glorious mosaic pieces and exploring lots of new techniques. I taught mosaics in an Internship, college level class. In addition, I have taught workshops at my studio. My teaching experience has afforded me to develop practical, diverse curriculum and enhancing my skills.
The combination of mosaic, garden and repurposed materials has been major themes and catalysts for my art work. I have been concentrating on garden art pieces, individual pieces, and furniture. I have an eclectic approach. I combine beads, stones, tile, glass and broken ceramic treasures to create a multi-media art piece.
Mosaic work has brought me joy, creativity and resilience to my life.


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Q: Ошибка во время миграции Проект приложение windows service/служба, после какого то момента перестала работать миграция и получаю вот такую ошибку, не могу понять чего он трогает EFCore, к проекту подключен EF6, core вообще работает по-моему только в asp.net core. Указанный пакет добавлять пробовал, ошибка такая же. В чем может быть проблема?

Your startup project '' doesn't reference
  Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design. This package is required for the
  Entity Framework Core Tools to work. Ensure your startup project is
  correct, install the package, and try again.


Nursing is an exciting career choice, and most people with the passion for saving lives often opt for the profession due to the responsibility they have for patients. Learners who are interested in pursuing nursing require intense training that involves a series of tests, assignments, and term papers that they have to complete to make part of the degrees. Like in other academic disciplines, students in this field may face several challenges that may require the help of professional writers.Nursingwritingservices.net is one of the best nursing writing companies that can guarantee your success.
Most students resort to our website when they want their nursing papers handled by an expert. Our writers have the experience and the expertise that will ensure that you receive your assignment on time and in the right quality. We have a series of tests that our nursing writers undergo and only those who pass join our writing company. We take them through evaluations for skills. Hence, you can rest assured that when you order a paper from Nursingwritingservices.net, you can relax knowing that you will get a quality paper with proper formatting, citation, and plagiarism-free.
Nursingwritingservices.net is one of the best nursing writing companies out there because we do what our competitors are unable to do. Most of them focus on profit, while we are more concerned with our clients' success.


Lithium concentrate shipped from Western Australian Pilbara Minerals (ASX: PLS) have undergone the compulsory independent laboratory testing, with results received early this week.
The laboratory tests are the final condition to confirm the quality of Pilbara Mineral's lithium output before payment from the user to producer.
The test results confirm the final specification from the Pilgangoora Project are of outstanding quality for the purpose of lithium battery production. This is a tremendous milestone for Pilbara Minerals, which began producing lithium concentrate from the Pilgangoora mine earlier this year. Shares in the company increased by 2.42% on the news of the results.


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QB Sneed's legs lead Horizon past Desert Mountain
Brian Bown
Special for azcentral sports
In a Division I, non-section game, Phoenix Horizon rolled past Scottsdale Desert Mountain 66-51.
In a game where 117 points were scored, one player stood out. Quarterback Dalton Sneed of Horizon rushed for 172 yards and four touchdowns.
"It was just one of those games,'' Sneed said. "We just seemed to be able to open up holes for ourselves all night. It really helped to be able to come out and get a score immediately.''
Horizon (4-1) took the opening kickoff and immediately scored. Taylor Wilson grabbed the opening kickoff and romped 95 yards for a 7-0 lead after Noah Pearls extra point with just 12 second gone in the game.
"I've never gotten through like that before,'' Wilson said. "The line just kept opening up holes, and I pushed down the last guy and I knew I was going to score.''
But Desert Mountain (1-4) came right back thanks to a 49-yard touchdown run by Deion Warren, who finished the night with 25 rushes for 150 yards.
The extra point try by Matt Hulst was good and the game was tied at 7 with 9:28 to go in the first quarter.
Horizon went up for good on its next series when Alex Peters found Nick Lylyk for a 20-yard pass reception and the 14-7 lead with 5:21 left in the first quarter. Desert Mountain would chase Horizon all night but never threatened to take the lead.
Sneed scored the second of his four touchdowns next making the score 21-7 and Horizon would never ease up rolling to the win. Besides Sneeds four touchdowns, Cole Finocchiaro had two.
Sneed finished the game with 16 completions against 26 attempts and one touchdown for 195 yards. Desert Mountain's Austin Nuessle finished with 19 completions for 324 yards and two touchdowns.


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Antònia Arbona i Santamaria (Sóller, 13 de setembre de 1970) és una escriptora i cantant mallorquina, així com investigadora literària i traductora. Llicenciada en Filosofia i Lletres, secció de Filologia Catalana (1997), té el Diploma d'Estudis Avançats (2002), que acredita la seva suficiència investigadora, del postgrau d'Experta Universitària en Teoria i Pràctica de la Traducció Literària (2009), del Màster Universitari en Llengua i Literatura Catalanes: Oralitat i Escriptura (2010) i del Màster Universitari en Llengües i Literatures Modernes (2013).

Obres

Poesia
 Teories d'amor i desig (Ed. Moll, 1992).
 Terra i cendra (Ed. Moll, 1993).
 Murades de sensacions (Ed. Moll, 1995).
 Màscares de tardor (amb altres autors, Carles Sánchez i Cardona). Reus: Òmnium Cultural, 1996.
 Cadència (UIB i Caixa de Balears, 1998).
 Mans de carboni (Ed. Moll, 1999).
 Gènesi (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2000).
 Synthesis. Palma: Moll, 2000.
 Singàmia (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2001).
 Panys en la penombra (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2001).
 El cromatisme dels mots (El Tall Editorial, 2002).
 Territori d'encluses (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2005).
 La veritat i el límit (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2007).
 Canelobres que enlluernen (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2008).
 Rere la màscara (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2008).
 Poemes pictòrics (Luhu Editorial, Alcoi, 2016).

Assaig
 La poesia de Bartomeu Fiol. Sense decòrum a la recerca de la veritat (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2000), que és la seva memòria d'investigació.
 La poesia de Jaume Pomar. El poderós exorcisme de la metàfora (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2002).
 La poesia de Miquel Àngel Riera i Miquel Bauçà (Lleonard Muntaner, Editor, 2004).
 La trayectoria estética de Ramón del Valle-Inclán (Luhu Editorial, Alcoi, 2016).
 Estudi del "Llibre del desassossec" de Fernando Pessoa (Luhu Editorial, Alcoi, 2016), que és la reelaboració del treball de fi de màster.
 Arquetipos y género. Mujer y literatura en los siglos XIX-XX (Luhu Editorial, Alcoi, 2016).

Enregistraments
 2012: col·laboració en tres cançons amb poemes seus a Vox insularum, vol. II; segell Tumbet Music, de la mà de Joan Manel Escobedo.
 2012: Joan Manel canta Antònia Arbona, basat en dotze poemes. Tumbet Music.
 2013: Joan Manel i Antònia Arbona. Antologia multilingüe.Tumbet Music.
 2013: Joan Manel i Antònia Arbona. Acoplamentos. Tumbet Music.
 2013: Sinergies. Piano de Miquel Brunet i recitat de l'actor Guillem R. Simó. Ona Edicions Musicals.
 2014: Joan Manel i Antònia Arbona. Dreams never die. Tumbet Music.
 2015: Antònia Arbona. Recital propi (Antologia). Tumbet Music.
 2015: Antònia Arbona. Poemes pictòrics. Volum 1. Tumbet Music.
 2016: Antònia Arbona. Poemes pictòrics. Volum 2. Tumbet Music.

Premis
 1995: Premis Literaris Baix Camp — Gabriel Ferrater de poesia, 1995: per Màscares de tardor.
 1995: Premi Solstici de poesia, Manises, 1995: per Cadells de l'aire.
 2000: Bernat Vidal i Tomàs de Santanyí: per Synthesis.
 2006: l'Associació de Belles Arts de Balears li va atorgar el Diploma d'Honor en la modalitat de Poesia, pel conjunt de la seva trajectòria.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Entrevista a Antonia Arbona escritora de poemes pictòrics
 Entrevista a Antonia por sus dos ensayos literarios de Valle-Inclan y Pessoa
 Sinergies. Ona Edicions Musicals
 Llibres a la pàgina web de Lleonard Muntaner: http://www.lleonardmuntanereditor.cat/autor/antonia-arbona/
 Libres a la pàgina web de la Institució Francesc de Borja Moll: http://editorialmoll.cat/botiga/es/6-autores#/categorias-antonia_arbona_santamaria

Artistes sollerics
Poetes mallorquins en català
Naixements del 1970


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10 Benefits of Evening Primrose Oil and How to Use It
Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT — By Annette McDermott — Updated on Mar 8, 2019
PMS symptoms
Side effects and risks
Evening primrose oil (EPO) is made from the seeds of the flowers of a plant native to North America. It has traditionally been used to treat conditions such as bruises, hemorrhoids, and sore throats.
EPO's healing benefits may be due to its gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) content. GLA is an omega-6 fatty acid found in plant oils.
EPO is generally taken as a supplement or applied topically. Read on to learn how EPO may help treat many common health conditions today.
Ready to give it a try? Find EPO here.
1. It can help clear up acne
The GLA in EPO is thought to help acne by reducing skin inflammation and the number of skin cells that cause lesions. It may also help the skin retain moisture.
According to a 2014 study, EPO may help relieve cheilitis. This condition causes inflammation and pain in the lips caused by the acne drug isotretinoin (Accutane).
A separate study found that GLA supplementation reduced both inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions.
How to use: Participants in the cheilitis study received six 450-milligram (mg) capsules of EPO three times daily for a total of eight weeks.
2. It may help ease eczema
Some countries other than the United States have approved EPO to treat eczema, an inflammatory skin condition.
According to an older study, the GLA in EPO may improve the skin's epidermis. However, a 2013 systematic review concluded that oral EPO doesn't improve eczema and isn't an effective treatment. The review didn't look at the effectiveness of topical EPO for eczema.
How to use: In studies, one to four EPO capsules were taken twice daily for 12 weeks. To use topically, you can apply 1 milliliter (mL) of 20 percent EPO to the skin twice daily for up to four months.
3. It can help improve overall skin health
According to a 2005 study, oral supplementation of EPO helps smooth skin and improve its:
fatigue resistance
Per the study, GLA is necessary for ideal skin structure and function. Because the skin can't produce GLA on its own, researchers believe taking GLA-rich EPO helps keep skin healthy overall.
How to use: Take 500-mg EPO capsules three times daily for up to 12 weeks.
4. It may help relieve PMS symptoms
An older study suggests EPO is highly effective in treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms, such as:
Researchers believe some women experience PMS because they're sensitive to normal prolactin levels in the body. GLA converts to a substance in the body (prostaglandin E1) thought to help prevent prolactin from triggering PMS.
According to a 2010 study, a supplement containing vitamin B-6, vitamin E, and EPO was effective in relieving PMS. Even so, it's unclear how much EPO played a role, since a 2009 systematic review didn't find EPO helpful for PMS.
How to use: For PMS, take 6 to 12 capsules (500 mg to 6,000 mg) one to four times daily for up to 10 months. Start with the smallest dose possible, and increase as needed to relieve symptoms.
5. It can help minimize breast pain
If you experience breast pain so severe during your period that it interferes with your life, taking EPO may help.
According to a 2010 study, the GLA in EPO is thought to reduce inflammation and help inhibit prostaglandins that cause cyclical breast pain. The study found that taking daily doses of EPO or EPO and vitamin E for six months decreased the severity of cyclical breast pain.
How to use: Take 1 to 3 grams (g) or 2.4 mL of EPO daily for six months. You can also take 1,200 mg of vitamin E for 6 months.
6. It may help reduce hot flashes
EPO may reduce the severity of hot flashes, one of the most uncomfortable side effects of menopause.
According to a 2010 literature review, there's not enough evidence that over-the-counter remedies such as EPO help hot flashes.
A later study, however, came to a different conclusion. The study found that women who took 500 mg daily of EPO for six weeks experienced less frequent, less severe, and shorter hot flashes.
Women also had improved marks for social activity, relations with others, and sexuality on a questionnaire on how hot flashes impact daily life.
How to use: Take 500 mg of EPO twice daily for six weeks.
7. It may help reduce high blood pressure
There's conflicting evidence about whether EPO lowers blood pressure. More research is needed.
According to a 2013 study, those taking EPO had a slightly higher systolic blood pressure. Researchers called the reduction "a clinically meaningful difference."
A 2011 systemic review concluded there's not enough evidence to determine if EPO helps reduce the risk of high blood pressure during pregnancy or preeclampsia, a condition that causes dangerously high blood pressure during and after pregnancy.
How to use: Take a standard dose of 500 mg of EPO twice daily under your doctor's supervision. Don't take with other supplements or medications that may lower your blood pressure.
8. It may help improve heart health
Heart disease kills more than 600,000 people in the United States each year. Hundreds of thousands more are living with the condition. Some people are turning to natural remedies, such as EPO, to help.
According to a 2014 study on rats, EPO is anti-inflammatory and helps reduce blood cholesterol. Most people with heart disease have inflammation in the body, although it hasn't been proven that inflammation causes heart disease.
How to use: Under a doctor's supervision, take 10 to 30 mL of EPO for four months for overall heart health. Use with caution if you take other medications that affect the heart.
9. It can help reduce nerve pain
Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of diabetes and other conditions. Older research has shown that taking linolenic acid helps reduce neuropathy symptoms, such as:
hot and cold sensitivity
How to use: Take EPO capsules containing 360 to 480 mg GLA daily for up to one year.
10. It may help ease bone pain
Bone pain is often caused by rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disorder. According to a 2011 systematic review, the GLA in EPO has the potential to reduce rheumatoid arthritis pain without causing unwanted side effects.
How to use: Take 560 to 6,000 mg of EPO daily for 3 to 12 months.
EPO is generally considered safe for most people to use short term. The safety of long-term use hasn't been determined.
Keep in mind supplements aren't monitored for quality by the Food and Drug Administration. When choosing EPO, research the supplement as well as the company selling the product.
Side effects of EPO are usually mild and may include:
soft stools
Taking the least amount possible may help prevent side effects.
In rare cases, EPO may cause an allergic reaction. Some symptoms of allergic reaction are:
inflammation of the hands and feet
If you take blood thinners, EPO may increase bleeding. EPO may lower blood pressure, so don't take it if you take medications that lower blood pressure or blood thinners.
Topical EPO is often used to help prepare the cervix for delivery. But according to the Mayo Clinic, a study reported taking EPO orally slowed dilation and was associated with longer labor. There's not enough research on EPO to determine its safety for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding and can't be recommended.
There's evidence that EPO may benefit some conditions on its own or as a complementary therapy, but more research is needed. Until the verdict is clear, EPO shouldn't be used in place of a treatment plan recommended by your doctor.
There's no standardized dosing for EPO. Most dosage recommendations are based on what's been used in research. Talk to your doctor to weigh the risks and benefits of taking EPO and get advice about the proper dosage for you.
To reduce your risks for side effects, always use the lowest dose possible. If you begin having unusual or persistent side effects, discontinue use and see your doctor.
Abo-Gresha NM, et al. (2014). Evening primrose oil ameliorates platelet aggregation and improves cardiac recovery in myocardial-infarct hypercholesterolemic rats.
Bamford JTM, et al. (2013). Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema. DOI:
10.1002/14651858.CD004416.pub2
Cameron M, et al. (2011). Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis. DOI:
Duley L. (2011). Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and hypertension.
Farzeneh F, et al. (2013). The effect of oral evening primrose oil on menopausal hot flashes: A randomized controlled trial. DOI:
Heart disease facts. (2017).
cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
Horrobin DF. (1983). The role of essential fatty acids and prostaglandins in the premenstrual syndrome.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6350579
Inflammation and heart disease. (2015).
heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/inflammation-and-heart-disease
Jamal GA, et al. (1990). The effect of y-linolenic acid on human diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. DOI:
Kashani L, et al. (2010). Femicomfort in the treatment of premenstrual syndromes: A double-blind, randomized and placebo controlled trial.
Kelley KW, et al. (2010). Evaluating the evidence for over-the-counter alternatives for relief of hot flashes in menopausal women. DOI:
10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09243
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Evening primrose.
mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-evening-primrose/art-20364500
McCarty CA, et al. (2013). The use of dietary supplements and their association with blood pressure in a large Midwestern cohort. DOI:
Muggli R. (2005). Systemic evening primrose oil improves the biophysical skin parameters of healthy adults. DOI:
Pruthi S, et al. (2010). Vitamin E and evening primrose for management of cyclical mastalgia: A randomized pilot study.
altmedrev.com/publications/15/1/59.pdf
Schäfer L, et al. (1991). Supplementation with evening primrose oil in atopic dermatitis: Effect on fatty acids in neutrophils and epidermis.
Whelan AM, et al. (2009). Herbs, vitamins and minerals in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: A systematic review.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0028091/
Yoon Jung J, et al. (2014). Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid and gamma linolenic acid on acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. DOI:
10.2340/00015555-1802
Young Park K, et al. (2014). The effect of evening primrose oil for the prevention of xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with isotretinoin: A pilot study. DOI:
10.5021/ad.2014.26.6.706
Annette McDermott
Nizam Khan (TechSpace)
Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT
Does Evening Primrose Oil Safely Induce Labor?
You may hear of women taking evening primrose oil to naturally induce labor. Read about this supplement and its safety and effectiveness.
Can Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) Really Treat Hair Loss?
Evening primrose oil is known for its hormone balancing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It's also hailed as a tool for minimizing hair…
Can You Use Evening Primrose Oil for Acne Spots and Scars?
The oil of the evening primrose contains high concentrations of a powerful anti-inflammatory ingredient called gamma-linoleic acid (GLA). What we know…
30 Natural Ways to Help Treat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
There are ways to address the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, through lifestyle changes and dietary supplements, but there's no…


Special Delivery! This adorable striped mini mailbox holds travel-sizes of Shower Gel, Body Lotion and Fragrance Mist (3 oz. each) in Bath and Body Works holiday Winter Candy Apple scent!
E. Van Lowe is an author, television writer, screenwriter, Playwright and Producer who has written and produced such shows as The Cosby Show, Even Stevens, and Homeboys In Outer Space. He has been nominated for both an Emmy and an Academy Award. Van Lowe recently stepped into the young adult fiction genre with his comedic novel, Never Slow Dance With A Zombie. It was a selection of the Scholastic Book Club, and a nominee for an ALA Award. Boyfriend From Hell is Van Lowe's second YA novel.
Thanks again for hosting a spot on the tour!
Wow, what a fabulous giveaway. I had never heard of these books and they sound good.
Thanks for the posting and giveaway opportunity.
I love the new covers on these books. I can't wait to read this series, even though I might just be judging the books based on the amazing covers.
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Kellye Media
A media consulting and content development company.
Media Training and Consulting
Posted on December 15, 2018 December 14, 2018 by Kellye Media - a media consulting and content development company
There's a Connection Between the National Enquirer and the 2016 Election
I was in the gym a few days ago when I saw it: National Enquirer publisher in league with Trump.
Ordinarily I would've just rolled my eyes and refocused my attention elsewhere. First, it's a Trump story. Second, it's the National Enquirer. I'm no Woodward or Bernstein admittedly, but I still rate myself slightly higher than the journalists who populate the tabloid grubbies you find next to off brand gum, disposable lighters and those cheap mini sewing kits.
But this story caught my eye. David Pecker, the National Enquirer publisher and chief executive for AMI, admitted to taking a $150,000 in hush-money to work with the Trump campaign. The story went on to suggest that Pecker had actually helped Trump win the 2016 election by burying stories of his romps with prostitutes et al, and escalating nonsense conspiracy stories about Hillary Clinton.
Arrrgh! Sometimes being a member of the media can be so annoying. I still remember that time two years ago. It was like a never-ending reel of a crack up on the highway that I just couldn't not look at. And I never look when there's an accident. I routinely curse out the pervs who back up traffic gawking at other people's misfortune. But as Hillary took that media battering around election time, I couldn't take my eyes away; I knew all that foolishness was going to negatively impact the election.
It's galling to think that the Enquirer had the power to influence who became president, but it did. It's even more galling to have to align myself even in the most general way with publications like the National Enquirer. It literally makes my skin itch. But technically, we're a part of the same – very general – group. Eww. I don't even feel right using the word publication. It gives the Enquirer a bit too much gravitas, if you know what I mean, and none of that deserved.
And don't even come at me with the whole, "no one reads the Enquirer, and the people who do are idiots" racket either. Even if that was true – it's subscription and readership has been falling steadily since the 70s, but I don't feel right about calling all of the people who consume it idiots given my consistent love of cheesy pop culture – according to a piece I read in The Atlantic, it's not about actually reading the Enquirer. It's about unintentional but unavoidable exposure to it.
They don't put it in the grocery store checkout line for nothing. Its placement is 100 percent strategic. We all have to buy food. We all have to pay for that food, which means, we see the Enquirer whether we want to or not. And because we know how to read, most of us can't help but suck up a little of its particular brand of media coverage.
According to The Atlantic article, "quantifying the impact of tabloids is probably impossible…since so much of the impact comes through inadvertent, subconscious exposure, it's effectively unmeasurable."
So, how do you like them apples? I'd say it's like taking a big ole' bite hoping to ward off a doctor visit and sinking your teeth into a thick, fat, slimy worm.
But one thing the Pecker reveal confirmed: Media is powerful. Further, anyone has the power to use it to influence others. The internet is fair game for all. Of course, not everyone has the same level of influence as the Enquirer, obviously, but think about it. Anyone can – and does – go viral.
Because you have the ability to use words and images to influence the public on a large scale, you should bear some responsibility for what you put out there. Pecker, however, probably didn't violate any actual laws. The Atlantic quoted Brendan Fischer of the Campaign Legal Center who said the law "grants an exemption for outlets working within their "legitimate press function," which would include even the National Enquirer's trademark hogwash. Publishing attack stories on Clinton doesn't withhold useful facts from the public. Besides, news outlets coordinate with campaigns all the time, either with the offer (implicit or explicit) of a friendly interview or to accept opposition research that turns into good stories."
I tried hard to pick the bones out of that, but I couldn't. It's all true. Gross, but true.
I wonder, is it a sign of aging that I increasingly look ahead with hope that one day change will come, and some of the things I see now won't exist? Maybe it's not aging. It's hope. But I can't tell if it's a wishful, superhero Utopia kind of hope, or some kind of hopeful faith in humanity waking up to its own sense of fairness, and choosing a different path.
CategoriesBlog Tags2016 election, AMI, David Pecker, Donald Trump, leadership, media, National Enquirer, politics
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