text:
Sabyasachi Spring Ready-to-Wear.
Sabyasachi calcutta
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He left his job and began a startup called and along with this he prepared for his CAT exam. Sabyasachi - The Flagship Store, Calcutta, India. He is also a video-game enthusiast. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Sabyasachi's connections and jobs at similar companies. 76. So yes, no bridal Sabyasachi lehenga. Of Law, Graduate Student. Perhaps it was this question that pushed me to find the answer. The mint-green and salmon-pink building at Taj 51 Buckingham Gate Suites and Residences London has become home to the "Cinema Suite". Kolkata Area, India HR Manager White Colars Consultant Jan - Jul 1 year 7 months. - Sabyasachi-Mukherjee-New-Bridal-Wear-Collection-3. Facebook; Instagram; Barkha. Sabyasachi has 1 job listed on their profile. Sabyasachi Calcutta LLP May - Present 3 years 11 months. Genetics & Plant Breeding. Sabyasachi designs this compact and chic sling bag featuring the signature gold plated Bengal tiger and Calcutta embossing on the leather strap. Sabyasachi, Kolkata. Sabyasachi calcutta
· Sabyasachi Mukherjee (born 23 February 1974) is an Indian Bengali fashion designer from Kolkata. Color: Black Composition: Leather Available from 26 waist to 40" size. . · The Kolkata-based designer is one of India's most prominent designers, with an Instagram following of 4. Sabyasachi Calcutta - Find Sabyasachi Calcutta latest News Headlines and breaking news today along with Photos and Videos at. Bridal Store, 80/ 1 & 2 Topsia Road, Kolkata – 700046. The Calcutta Sling Bag priced at INR 49,500. View Sabyasachi Bhattacharya's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Notably, Sabyasachi's wedding lehengas have given a new meaning to bridal wear by adding glamour to silhouettes of Indian culture. We have given the company details right below that is publicly available on MCA website. 47,500,000 and its paid up capital is Rs. · Next Hearing of Sabyasachi Dutta's Case against No-Confidence in High Court. UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA. Sabyasachi. Sabyasachi P- 545 Lake Road KolkataPh:/Email: NEW DELHI Sabyasachi Couture Kutub Serai No 6-8,. Rather they alone are called husband and wife who have one soul in two bodies. Specialisation: Genetics & Plant Breeding. Sabyasachi calcutta
Inspired by Calcutta. Please measure your waist. Sabyasachi Mukharji (1 June 1927 – 25 September 1990) was an Indian jurist, who was the twentieth Chief Justice of India. " The collection features motifs like. Sabyasachi Mukherjee is one of the most noted Indian designers. - They are not said to be husband and wife, who merely sit together. Sabyasachi Calcutta LLP is a West Bengal based Manufacture of wearing apparel;dressing and dyeing of fur company registered at datedon Ministry of Corporate Affairs with allocated Registration no AAV-7132. Sabyasachi Pattnaik is a Gastroenterologist in CMRI Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata. 95 to about 7-8 lakhs, depending on the customisation. Sabyasachi Bhattacharjee, University of Calcutta, Dept. S A B Y A S A C H I Sabyasachi, a melting pot for fashion in India. Creating an account has many benefits: check out faster, keep more than one address, track orders and more. It is classified as Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Kolkata. Family Background. Sabyasachi - Accessories Calcutta Sling Bag $ 690. There are a few pieces of art—mostly Dhruvi Acharya—and canvases by a Bengali artist nurtured by the Sabyasachi Art Foundation. The collection will hit flagship stores and online in 48 markets on 16 April, as well as be available on. Sabyasachi calcutta
Sabyasachi Dutta is an Indian politician from West Bengal. 07. 03. Sabyasachi Official Calcutta P-545 Lake Road, Kolkata 700029 · EXCLUSIVE Sabyasachi Mukherjee throws open the doors to his grand Calcutta mansion The 7,250-square-foot home of this iconic designer is layered with art, antiques, textiles, furniture, and "kooky curios" By Greg Foste r Photography by Björn Wallande r. Those of you who did not know, the Lake Road store was the first Sabyasachi store in India. 07. Passed LL. 24. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Sabyasachi's connections and jobs at similar companies. · Sabyasachi's Tropical Garden In His Kolkata Home Some 4,000 plants were sourced to create this lush oasis that looks like it's been here for hundreds of years. Sabyasachi Couture (now Sabyasachi Calcutta LLP). Their taste was simply exquisite. ". D. Where has all the art gone? Itrh- Men Organza Panelled Kurta & Pant Set $ 627. Having sold successfully in London at Browns for. Sabyasachi calcutta
Filled to its brim with exquisite tapestry, paintings of movie stars and handpicked artefacts, the space is an expression of art. Sabyasachi Mukherjee strikes a pose at his one bedroom apartment in Calcutta. The judgment delivered. Description; The Calcutta Sling Bag; Style Code AHS0004/20; Bengal Black Color; Quilted Silk Satin. A big name back home in India, the Calcutta-based designer Sabyasachi Mukherjee is less well. Sabyasachi Spring Ready-to-Wear. 47,500,000 and its paid up capital is Rs. · Sabyasachi Mukherjee has always enjoyed clichés. SABYASACHI Fine & Heritage Jewelry "Growing up, I spent hours rummaging through my mother and grand-mothers' jewelry cupboards. PRODUCT CODE: The Calcutta Sling Bag; Style Code AHS0004/20; Bengal Black Color; Quilted Silk Satin Lining; Size – 9. Designation: Associate Professor. 46,269 likes · 13 talking about this · 819 were here. Little Boys Closet by Gunjan Khanijou Cotton Shirt $ 31. These are stocked mostly in their flagship stores and in the multi-label stores like Aza and Ensemble. . Clothing in Kolkata (Calcutta) Save. Sabyasachi calcutta
2. Advertisement. Video Courtesy: Sabyasachi Calcutta Music: Ivy Banerjee for the Sabyasachi Culture Foundation. Sabyasachi's education is listed on their profile. There are banana trees that are taller than the two-storey residence itself, thick-trunked palm. 01. Spread across 7250 sq ft of area comprising of numerous guest bedrooms that have now been converted into walk in closets. Share. Please check your. Share. Empanelled as a Special Counsel for the Central Government of India since Ma. Kolkata Area, India Financial Advisor Sabyasachi Couture Feb - Apr 2 years 3 months. The large windows bring in plenty of light, making the place conversely, very cozy. Sabyasachi Paul practices at BM Birla Heart Research Centre - Alipore, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute - Alipore. · SABYASACHI The Perfect Imperfection of Human Hand Sabyasachi; when one thinks Sabyasachi, one thinks saree, and that is how closely the two are connected and have been for several years in Indian. 16. Sabyasachi calcutta
Sabyasachi Bera has 2 books on Goodreads. Your Name. Current Role: Associate Professor & HOD. · Enter Sabyasachi Mukherjee's second Kolkata Home in photos Uniquely Indian and charming, designer Sabyasachi Mukherjee's home is an accurate reflection of the person he is By Manju Sara Raja n Photography by Montse Garrig a. Name: Sabyasachi, hailing from Kolkata, launched his eponymous label in the summer of 1999. 01. · Sabyasachi Mukherjee has always enjoyed clichés. His elder. The Calcutta Sling bag in Mangrove Green by Sabyasachi Accessories Pre-orders at all flagship stores. Since 1999, he has sold designer merchandise using the label Sabyasachi. Email. 61 Infos zu Sabyasachi – wie 17 Profile, 11 Jobs, 8 Firmen, 11 Stichwörter und vieles mehr. Mukherjee owns three apartments in Kolkata, but lives in a rented at on the topmost floor of a stout, modernist block because he loves the energy of it. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema Sabyasachi Mukherjee Pictures in höchster Qualität. Com (Hons) Commerce. Conditions under the Framework Agreement and approved acquisition of 51 % stake of M/s. Sabyasachi. Xavier's College B. Sabyasachi calcutta
The doctor also provides online video consultation through Practo. 6K Dubash marg Opp: Lion Gate, Kalaghoda MumbaiPh:/Email: HYDERABAD Sabyasachi. It is inolved in Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel this class includes manufacture of wearing apparel made of. Personal Information. 46,294 likes · 15 talking about this · 817 were here. Sabyasachi Hazra ist bei Facebook. Maybe this is why I feel disappointed. Leave us a message. 37 Read more; The Calcutta Sling Bag Bengal Black Color $ 659. Sabyasachi Mukherjee is not new to global collaborations. ) Dear Reader, Business Standard has always strived hard to provide up-to-date information and commentary on developments that are of. Since 1999, he has sold designer merchandise using the label Sabyasachi. Sabyasachi - The Flagship Store, Calcutta, India. In this regard, please find enclosed the brief details in accordance with the SEBI Circular as Annexure A. Sabyasachi Mukherjee (born 23 February 1974) is an Indian fashion designer, jewellery designer,retailer and couturier from Kolkata,India. Sabyasachi Calcutta LLP May - Present 3 years 11 months. Sabyasachi calcutta
08. Area of Research::. Its authorized share capital is Rs. Copy link Arguably one of India's top fashion wizards, with prestigious showings in Milan and New York fashion weeks, Sabyasachi is a Kolkata designer credited with some of India's most sought-after couture ensembles. 47 Add to cart; Sabyasachi The Royal Bengal Tiger Minaudiere in Sahara Gold $ 366. Availability May end onwards. (5 Years Course) from Calcutta University in 1995. Xavier's College St. In Clothing, Footwear & Cosmetics Click & Collect. The collection for Thomas Goode, hand-rendered by 43 artists from the Sabyasachi Art Foundation, is in fact inspired by his home city: "Calcutta and its decadent, wistful, slightly whimsical cultural traits. Add a sophisticated vintage charm. The extended Sabyasachi family thanks you for your continued support —customers and well-wishers alike. · Location: Sabyasachi's home in Calcutta. Paik SABYASACHI of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata | Read 5 publications | Contact Paik SABYASACHI. FACULTY ACADEMIC PROFILE/ CV Full name of the faculty member: Dr. It's nothing short of a mini museum! Calcutta-based Sabyasachi (rhymes with Versace) Mukherjee, whose collection debuted today in New York, is someone with a shot at changing that. To him it is just proof that something has become iconic and identifiable. Sabyasachi calcutta
It is classified as Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of. 12. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party and is MLA from Rajarhat New Town Vidhan Sabha Constituency. Sabyasachi Mangrove Green Color Calcutta Sling bag. A brand that has represented a comfort zone to global Indians and works with a simple design. For all product related queries, please email us at customerservice or contact our retail stores directly. - Explore MC's board Sabyasachi Calcutta, followed by 155 people on Pinterest. Watch the auction as a guest You have been outbid. It is a two floor mansion where one can see massive bathrooms with gorgeous over the top chandeliers hanging. Sabyasachi calcutta
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Britney and Drew Donovan of Sterling are parents of a girl, Brynlee Ann Donovan. Grandparents are Sid and Christi Far Horn of Sterling, Bob and Sandra Gardner of Sterling and Dan and Ginger Donovan of Hinn, S.D.
Brittney Dekruif and Chris Shepard of Sterling are parents of a boy, Luca Kai Shepard, born Jan. 28, 2018, weighing 4 lbs. 15 oz. and measuring 19 inches long. Welcoming Luca home was his sibling, Cody Shepard.


Melbourne City Council's proposal to mitigate traffic congestion by introducing a user-pays levy has much merit. The status quo is not a sensible or fair option. Thriving metropolises elsewhere in the world have improved traffic flow by using pricing to calibrate supply and demand for road usage.
The call for the charge, which could offset or replace fuel excise and blanket registration fees for cars, comes amid surging concerns about the issues caused by the rapid growth of Melbourne's population. While there is, of course, a valid political and cultural discussion to be had about managing that growth, The Age remains steadfast in the view the "growing pains" are best salved by investment in infrastructure and community assets, and via policy initiatives, rather than shunning the very thing that has made Melbourne such a vibrant, prosperous, diverse and coveted place.
Traffic congestion in the capital has become the greatest constraint on Victoria's economy. In broad terms, regional Victoria's net contribution to the state's economic growth is zero. Some areas are going well, others are going backwards. Pretty much all of the state's economic growth is in Melbourne. And about 40 per cent of that is produced in the city centre and the surrounding 15 kilometres. Congestion is not only extracting a huge economic toll, but is causing tens of thousands of people daily frustration and anger.
The biggest brake on our economy.
Melbourne City Council is not able to legislate, only agitate – it can create change only within its limited boundaries, and so can abolish neither the federally controlled fuel excise of almost 40¢ a litre nor the state-based car registration system.
But the council can introduce a charge on CBD traffic, linked to peak times, and is doing the entire state, and perhaps the nation, a service by so robustly confronting the issue. We urge individuals, businesses and institutions to take up the debate; the council has released a discussion paper on road pricing, as part of its effort to prevent worsening CBD congestion. Without change, Melbourne's daily 12 million trips are forecast to almost double by 2050.
Given Melbourne's urban sprawl – a planning error we have long lamented – more roads will need to be built. That won't fix the problem; more roads lead to bigger traffic jams if alternative forms of transport aren't also developed. So, the increase in investment in public transport needs to be extended, and then extended again. The future of metropolitan transport clearly involves a decline in one-driver private cars.
Congestion charges are arguably much fairer than the regressive fuel levy and registration fees. People who use public assets for profit should pay proportionally, not at a uniform level that hits those on low incomes far harder than those who can and should pay more. Compensation for those struck by unintended consequences - mortgage-belt cross-town commuters who can't afford to live near inner-city jobs - can and should be structured.
Road-user charges have been recommended by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, the Productivity Commission, Infrastructure Australia and research outfit the Grattan Institute, among others.
Now is the moment for the community and our state and federal lawmakers to talk, think and act. Otherwise, we'll be needlessly, increasingly and maddeningly jammed.


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Monday, 9 July 2018, 9:21p.m.
A baker in Warkworth has refused to make a wedding cake for a gay couple.
The case comes after a similar saga unfolded in the United States, which escalated all the way to the Supreme Court for a verdict.
However, the lesbian couple have not taken the baker to court, but have warned people from using the cake shop if they support marriage equality.
Lawyer Steve Cullen told Chris Lynch it would appear that the baker has breached the Bill of Rights.
However, should it go to court, the current legislation would cause some conflict.


One of my favourite places in Bellingham is Historic Fairhaven. In 1889, the railroad was coming, and Fairhaven grew rapidly, hoping to become the west coast terminus. The railroad connection never worked out, so the new town turned to the sea and fishing for its economic base. In its heyday, Fairhaven was a bustling town of hotels, shops, saloons and brothels. Today, the brothels are gone, but the rich heritage of hotels, shops, restaurants and nightlife remains. And Fairhaven has achieved its original goal of becoming a tranportation center with its Alaska Ferry, Amtrak and bus terminal.
I have some favourite stops when I go to Fairhaven. One is the Eclipse Bookstore at 1104 11th Street. The Eclipse Bookstore is amazing with its vast variety of books covering the two floors of the establishment.
Another great bookstore is Village Books at 1200 11th Street. They have mostly new books, but you will also find good used books among the collection.
Picking a spot to eat is hard. Avenue Bread at 1135 11th Street is across the street and within easy walking distance. In addition to their wonderful fresh breads (I chose the sourdough with rosemary - YUM), they have a small cafe.
Skylark's Hidden Cafe at 1308 11th Street was my choice. I just love the interior with a classic bar. They have great food and happy hour specials from 3-6 pm and 10 pm through closing on Sunday through Thursday. Get the grilled cheese sandwich. It's the best I've ever eaten!
I love to visit historic towns like this one. Your photos are gorgeous. Thanks for sharing.
One of our favorite spots in our town too. And Eclipse Books is almost our hangout. We like to go down to the Alaska Ferry Terminal on Friday nights around 6 to watch the Alaska Ferry depart. We wave at the people on deck - take pictures of the ferry, the weather, the birds in the bay and have a car picnic. Either we pick up something from one of our favorite cafes or bring a picnic from home - either way it is a fun Friday night. After the ferry departs and is out of sight we drive down the few blocks to Marine Park and watch as the ferry goes up the channel - of course with more photos of every season in the park - or seagulls - or herons - or kayaks on the bay.
Great light in your first photo. I like it.


Am involved with desk research, data analysis and presentation development and edits.
Learning new things and different topics constantly. Each project is different which makes every day interesting.
Everything is possible, the impossible just takes longer. It is temporary, it is not a fact. Impossible is a dare and full of potential.
I don't think I can pick a favorite. Montreal is one of my favorite places to hike, Newport Rhode Island is one of my favorite places to watch the sunrise and Chicago has so much to see, explore, and eat. There are so many more places I want to travel though.
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My favorite pastimes would be reading, hiking, and playing with my dog, Max.


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Blog /2013 /October /How the Government Shutdown Affects Your Divorce or Child Custody Matter
How the Government Shutdown Affects Your Divorce or Child Custody Matter
Oct 17, 2013 /
Terri Meeks
Child Custody /
Child Support /
Divorce /
Family Law /
By James S. Margulis, Esq.
The 2013 government shutdown that has impacted millions of federal workers and lawmakers appears to be nowhere close to a solution, nearly two weeks after the government closed.
While a federal government shutdown may not affect your divorce or child custody matter in the sense that state courthouses are currently up and running, if you or your ex-spouse is a government employee, your matter may be affected.
FURLOUGHS & SUPPORT PAYMENTS
With approximately 41 percent of government workers now out on furlough, government workers who are no longer receiving pay may be concerned about keeping up with child support or maintenance payments and going into arrears.
Also, receivers of support who are now furloughed may not have support enough coming in to cover their living expenses. If the government shutdown continues, you want to consider filing a motion in family court to modify child support or maintenance payments or negotiate a contract regarding support payments during and after the shutdown.
MARKET AND EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
If you are currently undergoing divorce proceedings and have financial interests that are affected by the current market, such as retirement benefits and stocks, it is important to discuss the government shutdown and the impact on your financial interests. This is especially true if you are nearing a settlement or divorce decree and what the valuation of the financial interest is on that day due to the current market.
For most, military pay is protected. The President signed Pay our Military Act into law which will provide pay and allowances to the service members who are part of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Coast Guard. Unfortunately, the new law does not cover pay for the Commissioned Corps of Public Health Services or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Generally, activated or mobilized National Guard and Reserve will be paid. Guardsmen and Reservists who are in support of excepted operations will be paid. Drills are being cancelled, and consequently, those Guardsmen and Reservists will not be paid for those drills.
On October 5, the Secretary of Defense announced that DOD civilian employees "whose responsibilities contribute to the morale, well-being, capabilities and readiness of service members," will return to work. The Secretary's memorandum listed several activities where DOD civilian employees would be called back from furlough, including health care, family support programs, commissary operations and installation support.
Military retirees and survivor benefits are not dependent on regular appropriations. However, retirement checks could be delayed or reduced later in October when the federal government reaches the debt ceiling limit.
The Internal Revenue Service says more than 12 million taxpayers who filed for automatic extensions in the spring have tax returns due on Tuesday. Those returns, the agency says, are still due, regardless of the shutdown.
However, if you need to obtain old tax returns for your domestic matter, unfortunately you are out of luck until the government shutdown has ended due to no one manning the IRS helpline.
BENEFIT PAYMENTS
Social Security and Medicare benefits continue to be paid out, but there could be delays in processing new disability applications. The Social Security Administration is also delaying the announcement of the size of next year's cost-of-living adjustment; however, the adjustment is estimated to be the one of the smallest increase in years. However, unemployment benefits are also still going out.
At the federal level, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funding is cut off by the shutdown, but many states have funding available for carryover. The WIC (Women-Infant-Children) food assistance program may also be covered by state funds in the short term. If you are in need of emergency welfare assistance or help with paying for food, contact your local state social services office, which can provide assistance with locating appropriate help.
Some good news? Social security, veterans' benefits, Medicaid, and unemployment benefits should not be disrupted by the shutdown.
Please contact the Domestic Team at Feldmann Nagel Cantafio PLLC to address any of these issues in regards to your domestic relations matters.
Understanding Termination of Parental Rights
Living with Internal Revenue Code Section 280E
What is a Prenuptial Agreement and Who Should Have One?
Jeremy People's Case - Termination of Parental Rights
Colorado Divorce Mediation: What, Who, When and Why
Grandparent Custody and Visitation in Colorado
Allocation of Parental Responsibility (7)
Cannabis Business (2)
Domestic Partnership (4)
Domestic Relations (2)
Financial Disclosures (5)
Gay Rights Movement (3)
License Suspension (1)
Marijuana (23)
Marijuana Business (4)
Military Law (1)
Parental Alienation (2)
Parenting Plan (12)
Property Division (2)
Restraining Orders (2)
Spousal Maintenance (5)
Supervised Timesharing (1)
Termination of Parental Rights (2)
Wills & Trusts (1)
Worker's Compensation (1)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mario Rossi may refer to:
 Mario Rossi (architect) (1897–1961), an Italian architect who designed prominent Islamic buildings
 Mario Rossi (conductor) (1902–1992), a prominent Italian conductor
 Mario Rossi (racing driver) (1932–?), an American NASCAR racer and team owner

See also
 Mario Roshi (1994–), an Albanian footballer
 Mario Rossy (1962–), a jazz musician

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Onon and Balj River the upper Onon River is one of the areas that are claimed to be the place where Chinggis Khaan was born and grew up. The river is one of the biggest rivers abundant with fishes. It begins from Khan Khentii Mountain range and flows 800km on Mongolian territories and flows into Shilka River, one of the biggest rivers in Eurasia. Also, the Balj River is popular by Taimen.
About 3.5km north of Dadal village is a collection of hills known as Deluun Boldog. On top of one of the hills is a stone marker , built in 1990 to commemorate the 750th anniversary of the writing of The Secret History of the Mongols . The inscription says that Chinggis Khaan was born here in 1162. Some historians may not be entirely convinced about the exact date or location of his birth, but it's a great place to come into the world: the scenery and hiking around the valleys and forests are superb.
Choibalsan is the fourth-largest city in Mongolia. The name of the city was Bayan Tumen until 1941, when it was renamed after the communist leader Khorloogiin Choibalsan. It is the capital of the province of Dornod. The city administrative unit's official name is Kherlen sum, with area of 281 km2. It is situated at the Kherlen River, at an elevation of 747 m above sea. The location has been a post on a trading route for centuries. In the 19th century it grew into a city, and became the economic hub of eastern Mongolia in the twentieth century. After democratization in 1992, when the Russian workers left, large parts of the economy collapsed. Since then, the city has suffered from one of the highest unemployment rates in Mongolia. Due to the city's proximity to the site of the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, it contains a museum dedicated to Georgy Zhukov, hero of the battle.


text:
Federal Court upholds landmark compensation order for First Nations children
The decision leaves Ottawa on the hook for billions of dollars in compensation
Olivia Stefanovich · CBC News - senior reporter Posted: Sep 29, 2021
The Federal Court today dismissed an application for a judicial review of a landmark human rights tribunal compensation order for First Nations children — leaving the federal government on the hook for billions of dollars in compensation related to the child welfare system.
Justice Paul Favel said today that the Attorney General of Canada, who had filed the application for a judicial review and a stay of the order from the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal, had "not succeeded in establishing that the compensation decision is unreasonable."
The federal government had argued that the tribunal overreached and was wrong to order Ottawa to pay $40,000 - the maximum allowed under the Canadian Human Rights Act - to each child affected by the on-reserve child welfare system since 2006.
The tribunal also said the parents or grandparents of those children (depending on who was the primary guardian) would also be eligible for compensation, as long as the children were not taken into the child welfare system because of abuse.
Favel wrote that the tribunal "reasonably exercised its discretion" under the Act to "handle a complex case of discrimination to ensure that all issues were sufficiently dealt with and that the issue of compensation was addressed in phases."
The Federal Court also upheld a tribunal ruling that ordered Ottawa to pay $40,000 to each First Nations child (along with their parents or grandparents) who were forced to leave their homes to access services, or who were denied services covered by the policy known as Jordan's Principle.
That policy states that the needs of a First Nations child requiring a government service take precedence over jurisdictional disputes over who should pay for it.
The Jordan's Principle portion of the order covers the period from Dec. 12, 2007 - when the House of Commons adopted Jordan's Principle - to Nov. 2, 2017, when the tribunal ordered Canada to change its definition of Jordan's Principle and review previously denied requests.
Favel dismissed the federal government's argument that the tribunal process was procedurally unfair.
Justice shares thoughts on reconciliation
In his ruling, Favel also shared his thoughts on how negotiations can help realize the goal of Indigenous reconciliation.
"In my view, the procedural history of this case has demonstrated that there is, and has been, good will resulting in significant movements toward remedying this unprecedented discrimination," he wrote.
"However, the good work of the parties is unfinished. The parties must decide whether they will continue to sit beside the trail or move forward in this spirit of reconciliation."
Cindy Blackstock is the executive director of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society, which filed the original complaint against Ottawa with the Assembly of First Nations in 2007. (CBC)
Cindy Blackstock, executive director of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society, launched the human rights complaint that led to the ruling, along with the Assembly of First Nations.
Blackstock told CBC's Power & Politics Wednesday that the ruling was a "complete win" for children.
"And now the question becomes, will the federal government finally put down its sword and stop fighting First Nations children and treat them equally? It would be the first time in the history of the country if they ended their discrimination in federally funded public services," she said.
Blackstock noted that Ottawa could still appeal the decision. She called on Canadians to "speak up" and say they've seen enough injustice.
The ruling was delivered one day before the first National Day for Truth and Reconciliation.
Blackstock urged Canadians observing the day to "send a note to your prime minister saying you heard about this ruling that came down today, and you do not want them to appeal it."
Assembly of First Nations National Chief RoseAnne Archibald likewise called it a "victory for our children and their families."
"We have repeatedly made a reasonable and fair request that Canada stop fighting our kids in court, not only for the sake of truth and reconciliation but also for the healing path forward," Archibald said in a media statement.
WATCH | AFN national chief urges government to move forward with compensation: AFN national chief urges government to move forward with compensation 4 days ago 2:28
National Chief RoseAnne Archibald says that in light of today's Federal Court ruling, the federal government must move forward with compensating Indigenous children.
Will feds appeal?
Indigenous Services Minister Marc Miller told CBC News the government needs time to review the decision before deciding whether it will seek an appeal.
"There are limits to the CHRT's jurisdiction, and that was one of the challenges insofar as the court could only award $40,000," Miller said.
"There are presumably a number of children that have suffered much more egregious harm and are entitled to more compensation."
Miller said the government is open to negotiation.
"This decision actually does provide clarity on a number of issues," Miller said.
"I can say to any Canadian or Indigenous person listening that we are moving forward in discussions with the parties involved to make sure that people are properly compensated."
The federal government's filing said the human rights case was about systemic discrimination, and it responded by increasing funding and changing the system.
The government's application called for a court order to set aside the tribunal's decision and dismiss the claim for monetary compensation, or an order to set aside the tribunal's decision and refer the matter back to the tribunal for review.
In its reasons for arguing the tribunal erred, the federal government took issue with the conclusion that discrimination in Canada's policy for funding child and family services on-reserve and in Yukon is ongoing.
The compensation order followed a 2016 tribunal decision that found the federal government discriminated against First Nations children by underfunding the on-reserve child welfare system.
The tribunal directed Ottawa to enter discussions with the First Nations Family Caring Society and the Assembly of First Nations, which filed the initial human rights complaint in 2007. The negotiations would determine the best independent process to distribute the compensation and decide who qualifies.
Some estimates place the number of potentially affected children at about 50,000, with the largest numbers in the Prairies and British Columbia. The ruling also covers First Nation children in Yukon.
WATCH | Indigenous Services Minister reacts to decision: Federal Court upholds landmark compensation order for First Nations children 4 days ago 8:35
Minister of Indigenous Services Marc Miller joins Power & Politics to talk about the Federal Court's decision to uphold a landmark ruling by the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal ordering compensation for First Nations children affected by the on-reserve child welfare system. 8:35 'Absolute victory'
NDP MP Charlie Angus said in a statement Wednesday that the decision was an "absolute victory" for First Nations children.
"For six years, [Prime Minister] Justin Trudeau spent millions fighting the rights of Indigenous children and trying to overturn a ruling that found his government guilty of 'wilful and reckless' discrimination against vulnerable Indigenous kids," Angus said. "The court has thrown his case out."
Angus called on Trudeau to "immediately end his legal battle against First Nation children and accept his responsibility to deal with their systemic denial of rights."
The federal government's decision to challenge the order drew widespread condemnation from First Nations leaders, the NDP, the Green Party and human rights organizations like Amnesty International.
See the decision Ottawa ordered to compensate First Nations children impacted by on-reserve child welfare system Trudeau ducks question on whether he'd accept First Nations child welfare compensation ruling In a statement, Amnesty International urged government to compensate First Nations children, youth and families without delay.
"The federal government never should have taken Indigenous children to court in the first place," said Ketty Nivyabandi, secretary general of Amnesty International Canada's English-speaking branch.
"Today's decision - a day before the first annual National Day of Truth and Reconciliation - signals a step towards justice for First Nations children."
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national newspaper
Mommy's little secret
The article contains info about children's identity fraud at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Includes interview with employees of Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada who admit they deny children's identity information to husbands/male partners of mothers who want to hide the real identity of their child because they had an affair. The U.N. Convention on the Rights of The Child specifically supports a child's human right to have a relationship with both his/her biological parents. In addition, this article is proof that The Hospital for Sick Children ("Sick Kids") supports paternity fraud.
Further "Sick Kids" supports a mother's rights only, which they view, supersedes 3 other people's rights, namely, the rights of the biological father, the rights of the mother's male partner/husband and the child's identity rights.
A Quote Worth Remembering
About The truth
"All truth passes through three stages. First it is ridiculed, Second it is violently opposed. Third it is accepted as self-evident."
Infidelity Causes Paternity Fraud
Infidelity--It may be in our genes. Our Cheating Hearts
Devotion and betrayal, marriage and divorce: how evolution shaped human love.
Children's Identity Fraud
"Duped Dads, Men Fight Centuries-Old Paternity Laws"
"Supporters of paternity identification bills point to a 1999 study by the American Association of Blood Banks that found that in 30 percent of 280,000 blood tests performed to determine paternity, the man tested was not the biological father." Read More ..
American Association of Blood Banks
Parentage Testing Program Unit
Annual Report Summary Testing in 2001 PDF
Volume of DNA paternity testing was 310,490 for the 2001 study


The Yucatan Peninsula includes Campeche, Quintana Roo and Yucatan, is an expansive limestone Peninsula that extends northward into the Gulf of Mexico and eastward into the Caribbean Sea a wonderful birding and nature experience is waiting for you!
Birding in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
Again, it was a real pleasure to go birding with you and let me know iif I can be helpful in any other way!
Thank you for a very good days birding. I exceeded my target of 10 new birds and the motmot was top of the list .Your ability to turn sounds into bird views exceeded any other guide I have been out with. I would recommend you to anyone who requires guiding in the Yucatan.
Hi bob- as we discussed, Luis ku Is the best birding guide in the Yucatan Peninsula. He has taken out some of the best birders in north america and has been on the winning team of the Yucatan world series of birding. He can take you to close in areas or some that are a few hours away.


Boosts immunity. Allergic reactions, impairs immune suppressive drugs, could impair wound healing. Discontinue as far in advance as possible.
(ma huang) Increases heart rate, increases blood pressure. Risk of heart attack, arrhythmia, stroke, interaction with other drugs, kidney stones. Discontinue at least 24 hours before surgery.
Prevents clotting. Risk of bleeding, especially when combined with other drugs that inhibit clotting. Discontinue at least 7 days before surgery.
(duck foot, maidenhair, silver apricot) Prevents clotting. Risk of bleeding, especially when combined with other drugs that inhibit clotting. Discontinue at least 36 hours before surgery.
Lowers blood glucose, inhibits clotting. Lowers blood-sugar levels. Increases risk of bleeding. Interferes with Warfarin (an anti-clotting drug). Discontinue at least 7 days before surgery.
Reduces anxiety. May increase sedative effects of anesthesia. Risks of addiction, tolerance and withdrawal unknown. Discontinue at least 24 hours before surgery.
(Amber, Goatweed) Inhibits re-uptake of neuro-transmitters (similar to Prozac). Alters metabolism of other drugs (such as Warfarin, steroids, protease inhibitors). Discontinue at least 5 days before surgery.
Sedates Could increase effects of sedatives. Withdrawal symptoms resemble Valium addiction. If possible, taper dose weeks before surgery.


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DARIUS HENDERSON'S amazing goalscoring run continued at The Den.
The Millwall striker bagged his sixth in three games when he netted twice in the second half.
Coventry striker Cody McDonald was earlier guilty of a shocking open-goal miss.
The 25-year-old had the goal at his mercy just after the half-hour mark after Gary McSheffrey had a cross parried.
But he spooned his finish over the bar.
McSheffrey also hit the bar with a volley from a tight angle before the hosts punished them.Liam Trotter set up Henderson by slipping him through with a neat pass down the left.
And Henderson's finish went in off Richard Wood.
McSheffrey then had a massive appeal for a penalty turned down by referee David Phillips.
But Henderson made it 2-0 when he cut in from the other flank and fired into the bottom corner.
And Liam Feeney raced clear with eight minutes to go before calmly slotting home.


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text:
Q: Cannot import framework target that pod Google/Analytics In my project, I have a framework called 'Util'. I want to create a 'AnalyticHelper.swift' in that framework. So I pod 'Google/Analytics' to 'Util' target.
Here is my podfile
platform :ios, '8.0'
use_frameworks!

target 'GoogleAnalyticProb' do
end

target 'Util' do
    pod 'Google/Analytics'
end

Then I import Google in AnalyticHelper.swift
The problem is when I want to use AnalyticHelper in my main target. I need to import Util, and XCode says
Missing required module 'Google'
Any idea how to solve this ?
Here is my example project. You can see the error in AppDelegate file.
https://github.com/ppakorn/GoogleAnalyticProblem
I've tried pod Google/Analytics to the main target to get rid of the error, I got a lot of warnings.
objc[37380]: Class GGLClearcutWriter is implemented in both /Users/Pakorn/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/BlueCrystal-cqptfbgzlujlfdcblsfabrkdwnrp/Build/Products/Dev-iphonesimulator/Utilities.framework/Utilities and /Users/Pakorn/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/9069CB2D-4D55-44CB-BB09-04653BAE6AAD/data/Containers/Bundle/Application/AF714244-7C71-4252-86E2-D049EC39D765/BlueCrystal.app/BlueCrystal. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.

A: I ended up importing the SDK directly into framework not using Pod.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This cute artwork features a scarf wearing Husky in the winter snow hanging out with his look-alike snowman dog. This is a perfect personal, friend, loved one present for any dog or Husky lover or owner. Something cute to sit on the desk or hang on the wall.


text:
Archive | April 23rd, 2015
USA: ZIONIST ISLAMOPHBIC MEDIA
According to a complaint lodged by CAIR (Council on American-Islamic Relations), the show recently discriminated against two Muslim women wearing hijabs . In February, the two women allegedly attended a taping of The Real and were asked to "move out of camera view during a show taping."
According to the complaint, their banishment from the front row was "in accordance with studio policy."Fatima Dadabhoy, Senior Civil Rights Attorney for the Council on American-Islamic Relations Los Angeles branch, released the following statement.
"Warner Bros. has no legal justification for removing the hijab-wearing women from the camera's view. No studio should maintain such a discriminatory policy that prohibits people wearing religious head coverings from being seen in its studio audiences. It's especially baffling that this particular show would want to hide their visibly-Muslim viewers, when the show purports to cater to a wide-ranging audience with its diverse cast."
Posted in USAComments Off on USA: ZIONIST ISLAMOPHBIC MEDIA
Zio-Wahhabi 'ISIS' Leader Homosexual ritual
ISIS Leader recruits eleven men, and sodomizes ALL of them in a homosexual ritual
In one interrogation by Iraqi officials of an Zio-Wahhabi ISIS terrorist who carried out seven beheadings, the terrorist not only confesses to the gruesome beheadings he did, but also tells about the dark side which is virtually unknown regarding sadistic homosexual group marriages and rituals.
Walid Shoebat translated the short testimony of one of eleven recruits who were sodomized by the Zio-Wahhabi ISIS "prince" Abu Ala'. Abu Ala' made a fatwa permitting himself to marry and sodomize his recruits, with the exception that no man can sodomize him. Zio-Wahhabi ISIS is truly the manifestation of the purest form of the homosexual agenda: sodomizing men as both torture and pleasure, and killing those who disagree with them.
The incredible testimony confirms a documentary broadcasted on August 27th on the Kurdish station STERK TV, it was said that Zio-Wahhabi ISIS has been raping men in a ceremony it describes as "marriage" and records them to use as blackmail and force them to join. Zio-Wahhabi ISIS uses rape, including gang rape, as a tactic of fear to intimidate populations it seeks to control, according to an August 28th report by the Firat News Agency, a Kurdish agency based in Amsterdam.
The STERK TV documentary records the confessions of more than 20 Zio-Wahhabi ISIS fighters who were captured by Kurdish fighters in Syria and includes horrific footage of Zio-Wahhabi ISIS crimes:
"The ISIS elements admitted that what they called 'marriage' was in fact rape. They said that every new member of the group was raped. The footage of the rape would be used as blackmail in the event of the new recruit refusing to participate in actions. They "married" me 15 times. Then they washed my head and put cologne on me. They told me no one could join ISIS without being married."
CLICK SCREEN BELOW TWICE TO SEE VIDEO
Posted in Iraq, SyriaComments Off on Zio-Wahhabi 'ISIS' Leader Homosexual ritual
Letter from Zio-Wahhabi RAT وزير الدفاع السعودي ينهال على مصر والشعب المصري بالشتائم
ZIO-WAHHABI RAT
بانوراما الشرق الاوسط
نشر موقع "عاصفة الحزم" خبرا أسماه بـ"المفاجأه من العيار الثقيل" بيانا صادرا عن الأمير محمد بن سلمان وزير الدفاع السعودي هاجم فيه مصر والشعب المصري متهماً الشعب المصري بأنهم جبناء وعبيد..
وجاء في البيان:
نحن محمد بن سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود وزير الدفاع نخاطب الشعب السعودي الكريم الذي يعد الداعم الرئيسي لعملية عاصفة الحزم التي هي مدعاة فخر للعرب والعروبة ونحيي شعبنا العظيم الذي عبر عن تأييده الكامل لعاصفة الحزم ونشيد بالالتفاف الشعبي حول القيادة الرشيدة والدعم المعنوي الكبير لجنودنا البواسل ونؤكد على عدة نقاط هامة :
إننا سننتصر دون أدنى شك على الرغم من خذلان بعض الخوان الداخليين وخذلان باكستان لنا وتفاخرها علينا بشعارات الديمقراطية الزائفة وليعلم المتخاذلون الذين يتفاخرون بأعلى الرتب العسكرية بينما لا يستطيعون حل مشكلة صغيرة في بيتهم الداخلي أنه لولا دعمنا لهم بالمال والإعلام والمعلومات لم يكونوا ليطيحوا بخصومهم فيصلوا للسلطة وهم الذين كانوا يتسولوننا وما زالوا يطالبوننا بأن نتصدق عليهم مما أنعم الله به علينا ثم ينكرون جميلنا فيتشدقون بأن الحل السلمي في اليمن هو أفضل الخيارات ويتناسون أن عاصفة حزمنا في اليمن هي في الحقيقة دفاع عن العروبة وفخر لكل عربى شريف وهي من أجل إقرار السلام وقمع الفئة الباغية.
ونحن لم نكن بحاجة إلى الدعم المصري الجوي والبحري فقواتنا الجوية تعد من أقوى القوات في العالم كما أن القوات البحرية لدى المملكة تسيطر على المنطقة بأسرها ولن تحتاج لمساعدة أحد والنصر حليفنا مهما خذلنا الخاذلون
وإنني أطمن خادم الحرمين الشريفين -حفظه الله- والشعب السعودي الكريم اللذين عبرا عن تأييدهما لعاصفة الحزم أننا لن نحتاج لمساعدة الذين لو نطرد مواطنيهم العمال الذين يعملون لدينا في المملكة سيرى الجميع كيف يتوسلون لنا ويعوون كما تعوي الكلاب
وإن المملكة العربية السعودية وبفضل الله سبحانه وتعالى ثم بفضل قيادة خادم الحرمين الشريفين -حفظه الله- في غنى عن مساندة الجبناء ويعرف الجميع أن تأريخ مصر مليء بالتصرفات الفجة وأن المصريين كانوا يعبدون فرعون حين قال لهم: "أنا ربكم الأعلى" فحرّم الله عليهم أن ينضجوا عقليا وبقوا شعبا ذليلا يتخيل له أنه عظيم!! ولست أدري أي عظمة هذه التي يتفاخرون بها علينا؟!
ونحن كنا نظن أن هذا الجنرال (الذي حصل على رتبة المشير بفضلنا ومن خلال دعمنا المؤثر والفاعل) سيعرف فضلنا وسيشكر جميلنا وسيتعاون معنا عسكريا في معركة اليمن حفاظا على الأمن العربي إلا أنه خان الوعد مرة أخرى فينبغي تجريده من رتبته العسكرية التي لم يكن يستحقها من البداية. فأيام مبارك وجيشه العظيم كانت أفضل بكثير من أيام الجنرال المتعالي الذي يتفاخر برتبته الزائفة وليعلم الجميع أن عاصفة الحزم أشرف من أن يشارك فيه الجبناء وأدعياء العروبة.
إنني أطمن خادم الحرمين الشريفين -حفظه الله- وأؤكد أن النصر الحاسم لآت قريبا بإذن الله وينبغي على كافة أفراد شعبنا والشعوب العربية جمعاء أن يكونوا حذرين ويحافظوا على معنوياتهم العالية ولا يفكروا بشيء إلا النصر
وفي الختام أؤكد من جديد أن انتصارنا في معركة اليمن ودحر الروافض الحوثيين مؤكد قريب لا محالة شاء من شاء وأبى من أبى وسنحقق أهدافنا بالكامل وأقول مجددا للحوثي وميليشياته: إن الفأر لن يستطيع أن يُسقط جبلاً وليعلم الجميع أن وعد الله حق إذ قال سبحانه وتعالى في كتابه العزيز: " إنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ".
Posted in Saudi ArabiaComments Off on Letter from Zio-Wahhabi RAT وزير الدفاع السعودي ينهال على مصر والشعب المصري بالشتائم
Likens Zio-Wahhabi aggression to Zio-Nazi atrocities in Gaza
Hezbollah likens Zio-Wahhabi aggression on Yemen to Zio-Nazi atrocities in Gaza
Hezbollah Deputy Secretary General Naim Qassem
Lebanese resistance movement Hezbollah has blasted the ongoing Zio-Wahhabi military aggression against Yemen, comparing the move to the Zio-Nazi atrocities in the besieged Gaza Strip.
"What Saudi Arabia is committing [in Yemen] is identical to what Israel commits in Gaza," Hezbollah Deputy Secretary General Naim Qassem said in a Thursday interview with France 24.
Zio-Nazi has blockaded the Gaza Strip for over seven years, causing a humanitarian crisis in the Palestinian enclave. Zio-Nazi regime has also launched three wars on Gaza, the latest of which came in summer 2014, when nearly 2,200 Palestinians were killed and over 11,100 others injured. The 50-day war ended with an Egyptian-brokered truce.
Qassem said the Zio-Wahhabi war "is about attacking infrastructure and shelling civilians."
Referring to a recent UN Security Council resolution adopted against Yemen's Houthi movement, the Hezbollah official said, "The Security Council decision in Yemen is unjust, because it looks at one part of the problem, and not at the whole [picture]."
"The Security Council should have stopped the Saudi aggression against Yemen and treated the issues related to the civilians and the wounded and the destruction of infrastructure," he said.
Political solution
Qassem also called for a political solution to the crisis in Yemen.
"It (the UN) was supposed to set the steps for a dialogue to reach a political solution. This, the Security Council has not done," the Hezbollah official said.
During an interview with the Associated Press on Monday, Qassem slammed Zio-Wahhabi regime indiscriminate bombardment of Yemen as genocide.
Zio-Wahhabi military campaign against Yemen started on March 26 – without a UN mandate – in an attempt to restore power to fugitive CIA agent Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi, a close ally of Riyadh. It has drawn widespread condemnation from international rights groups.
Civilians and Yemeni infrastructure have been the target by Zio-Wahhabi aggression against Yemen.
According to Yemeni sources, around 2,600 people have been killed in the Zio-Wahhabi military campaign over the past three weeks.
The humanitarian situation in Yemen is rapidly deteriorating. Many international aid organizations have sought clearances to dispatch medical and other humanitarian supplies by air and sea to civilians in need.
Posted in Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, YemenComments Off on Likens Zio-Wahhabi aggression to Zio-Nazi atrocities in Gaza
Palestinian journalists being held in Nazi Camp's
Zio-Nazi arrested a Palestinian journalist on Wednesday after raiding his home in Nablus, bringing the total number of journalists imprisoned by Nazi Camp's to 20.
Amin Abdul Aziz Abu Wardeh, 48, is the general manager of the Asda news website, the Palestinian Center for Development and Media Freedoms said.
Abu Wardeh's wife told MADA that Zio-Nazi raided their home at around 2 a.m. and interrogated Amin in a separate room for over an hour before arresting him.
They also seized three laptops and a cellphone.
Abu Wardeh had previously been held in administrative detention for nearly a year after being arrested in November 2011.
According to the Union of Palestinian Radios and Televisions there are now 20 Palestinian journalists being held in Israeli prisons, six of whom were detained in 2015 alone.
The longest serving journalist is reporter for the Sawt al-Haq wa al-Hurriya newspaper, Mahmoud Moussa Issa, who has been imprisoned since 1994.
Posted in Palestine Affairs, ZIO-NAZI, Human RightsComments Off on Palestinian journalists being held in Nazi Camp's
Zio-Nazi Thug: "Only Jews walk here" "VIDEO"
Posted in ZIO-NAZIComments Off on Zio-Nazi Thug: "Only Jews walk here" "VIDEO"
UKIP CANDIDATE PROUD TO BE A…PORN STAR
Ed-note (Sabba) – To quote Frankie Boyle, "Of course, he isn't the first MP to have filmed himself having sex. But he is the first to do so with an adult".
How could the Brits have allowed their country to sink so low? I am sure some will say that it is due to mass immigration in general and to the moooozlims in particular who have invaded the West, destroyed its Christian identity, destroyed its wholesome values it was built on and transformed it beyond recognition… Of course! What else?
Posted in UKComments Off on UKIP CANDIDATE PROUD TO BE A…PORN STAR
Zio-Wahhabi Disastrous War in Yemen
By Michael Horton
In what has been three decades of ill-advised wars in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen may be the most ill-advised of them all. "Operation Decisive Storm," the ironic name for Saudi Arabia's aerial campaign in Yemen, has led to nothing decisive in Yemen beyond ensuring that the country remains a failed state and fertile ground for organizations like al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). Long before the commencement of "Operation Decisive Storm," Yemen, the poorest country in the Middle East, was grappling with a host of problems ranging from severe water shortages, food insecurity, and a moribund economy, to a long running multi-front insurgency. Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen has exacerbated all of these problems and could well be the coup de grace for a unified and relatively stable Yemen.
On Tuesday April 21st, the government of Saudi Arabia abruptly announced that it was ending "Operation Decisive Storm" and that it would be scaling back its aerial campaign in Yemen. "Operation Decisive Storm" will be replaced with "Operation Restore Hope," an unfortunate name for a military operation given that it was also the name for the US' ill-fated 1992-3 intervention in Somalia. It is unclear what "Operation Restore Hope" aims to achieve; however, the first phase of Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen has been disastrous.
According to the World Health Organization, more than 900 people have died in Yemen since the Saudi led aerial campaign against Yemen began on March 25th. In addition, one hundred and fifty thousand Yemenis have been displaced and the number of food insecure people has increased to more than twelve million. Due to the ongoing blockade of its ports—Yemen imports more than 90% of its food—prices for basic food items have soared and there are widespread shortages. In Aden, where temperatures routinely climb into the triple digits, most of the city of more than five hundred thousand has no access to water. Across the country, supplies of gasoline and gas have been exhausted. Hospitals, which were already struggling to cope with a lack of medicine and supplies, now have little or no fuel left to run their generators. Those patients in Yemen's Intensive Care Units will likely die as their life saving machines are idled due to a lack of electricity.
AQAP has, so far, been the only beneficiary of Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen. In south east Yemen, in the governorate of the Hadramawt, al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) has taken over Yemen's fifth largest city, Mukalla, and has also taken control of the city's airport and port. "Operation Decisive Storm" targeted the Houthis, a Zaidi militia that is the sworn enemy of al-Qaeda. Saudi Arabia's aerial bombardment also focused on those elements of the Yemeni Armed Forces that are allied with the Houthis and former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh. These same military units, including the Yemeni Air Force which has been largely destroyed, were also critical to fighting AQAP and its allies. "Operation Decisive Storm" has effectively neutralized the two forces that were responsible for impeding AQAP's advance across large sections of southern and eastern Yemen.
So what did the Saudis hope to achieve with "Operation Decisive Storm?" The government of Saudi Arabia claimed that it launched military operations against Yemen to restore the now exiled government of Yemeni President Abd Rabbuh Mansur al-Hadi who fled Yemen for Saudi Arabia on March 25th.
However, the reinstallation of Hadi's government, which had little support before he and his ministers openly called on the Saudis and their partners to bomb their own country, remains unlikely. Hadi, who was Saleh's long serving vice-president, was chosen to be vice-president by Saleh for a reason: Hadi has no power base in the Yemen. Hadi is a southerner who has no ties to Yemen's perennially powerful northern based tribes and as a southerner who sided with Saleh and the north in the 1994 civil war, he is regarded as a traitor by many in the south.
It is also important to note that the so called Hadi supporters who are fighting Houthi militias and their allies in south Yemen are fighting under the flag of the Peoples' Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY). Most of those fighting in Aden and in other southern cities are not fighting for Hadi but for independence from the north due to a long list of unaddressed grievances. Up until a few months before his departure for Saudi Arabia, the security services under Hadi's control were pursuing and arresting members of al-Hirak, the Southern Separatist Movement.
The second—and linked—goal of the Saudi led aerial campaign was to force the Houthis to disarm. This was as unlikely as the restoration of Hadi's government. The Houthis have fought six wars against the Yemeni Armed Forces since 2004 and successfully fought off Saudi forces in 2009-10. While Saudi Arabia's air war undoubtedly degraded some of the Houthis' military capabilities and may have resulted in the loss of what is already arguably limited support for the Houthis and their allies, it in no way defeated the Houthis who have withstood far worse with far fewer resources than they now have.
After bombing Yemen for nearly a month and igniting what could be a prolonged civil war, the government of Saudi Arabia may have finally come to the conclusion that the only way forward for Yemen is through dialogue and negotiation. No one party or faction in Yemen is capable of asserting control over the country, even with the support of a regional power, be it Saudi Arabia or Iran. Former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh, a master of Machiavellian politics with an encyclopedic knowledge of Yemen's tribes and clans, was never able to exert full control over Yemen. For much of his 33 years in power, Saleh was derisively referred to as the "mayor of Sana'a" because his writ did not extend much beyond the Yemeni capital. In many respects, Yemen can be described as an "asylum of liberty." Power has historically been dispersed among various factions. This dispersal of power militates against strong centralized authority.
In an April 19th interview with Russia Today, Jamal Benomar, who resigned as the United Nations Special Adviser on Yemen on April 16th, claimed that negotiations between all parties in Yemen were ongoing and nearing a successful interim conclusion before the bombardment of Yemen began. In his rambling April 19th speech, Houthi leader, Abdul Malek al-Houthi, vowed not to surrender but also indicated that the Houthis remained open to negotiations. Yemen's former ruling party, the General People's Congress, and its former leader, Ali Abdullah Saleh, have both called for renewed negotiations.
Yemen has a rich corpus of traditions that, when allowed to function, can limit conflict and favor negotiated settlements. These traditions were in evidence during Yemen's own popular uprising in 2011 which, while violent, did not, at that time, lead to the kind of brutally violent civil wars that have engulfed Libya and Syria. Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen, if it continues, could upend many of these traditions and ensure that Yemen is the next Syria or Libya. At a minimum, the war has already led to the deaths of hundreds of civilians, destroyed critical infrastructure, impoverished thousands more Yemenis, and allowed AQAP to dramatically expand the areas under its control.
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NATO War Crimes in Yugoslavia
Posted by: Sammi Ibrahem, Sr
Aleksinac. "The Whole Town Cried"
By Gregory Elich
It was 1999, shortly after the NATO war. I was with a delegation that came to Yugoslavia to document NATO war crimes, and we found no shortage of them. In all of the towns and cities we visited, not one had been spared destruction.
One of our stops was at Aleksinac, a small mining town that NATO had targeted with a special ferocity. The town was led by a strong socialist local government, which may not have been entirely unrelated to NATO's attentions. Local officials provided us with statistics that were startling for such a small town: 767 houses and 908 apartment flats were destroyed or damaged, as were 302 public buildings. Dragoljub Todorovich, a 74-year-old retired teacher, was at the opening meeting. Metal braces encased his left leg, and he walked with crutches. A missile levelled his home in one of the attacks. "I had been told for forty to fifty years that Americans were our friends," he reflected. "Americans, with Russians, destroyed fascism together. I survived the Second World War. I was a partisan during the war." Now war had once again visited Todorovich, but this time he nearly hadn't survived.
Following our meeting, we visited the site of Todorovich's home. Nothing remained but blasted concrete and bricks strewn about the area. As we stepped through the rubble, the clinking of bricks underfoot wove a counterpoint to his words. "When I regained consciousness, I saw that only a small part of skin connected my leg with my body," he recalled. Although surgery saved Todorovich's leg, he would remain crippled for the remainder of his life. During his fourteen-week recovery in the hospital, he was in constant pain and suffered a heart attack. One thought persisted in his bedridden state: "The worst way possible – that was the way America chose."
Damaged home adjacent to destroyed neighborhood on Vuk Karadzhich Street. Photo: Gregory Elich
We strolled down Dushan Trivunac Street, where on April 5 of that year, NATO warplanes wiped out nearly an entire city block. On the night of the attack, Vukoman Djokich heard NATO planes swoop overhead. Djokich knew what the sound meant, and warned his wife, "It's Aleksinac's turn now. They are surely going to bomb us." The sound of planes faded, but two minutes later the noise returned. An instant later an explosion thundered, and Djokich saw a "blazing light." A second explosion followed in quick succession, filling the house with light and knocking Djokich off his chair. The door to his home blew down, and the roof collapsed. Djokich and his wife managed to pull themselves together and escape through the doorway, where they were confronted by the sight of "huge fire, smoke and a cloud of dust. People were screaming and crying for help."
Despite the destruction this site had suffered, all of the rubble had been cleared by the time of our visit and it was now a construction site. Neatly stacked bricks and building materials bordered the area, and a dump truck and towering crane stood ready as workers were just departing for lunch. The only sign of the tragedy that had taken place was a neighboring apartment building, still pockmarked by shrapnel from the blasts. Further down the street, at the site of another explosion, the foundation of a new building was already being laid.
Damaged home near bombed neighborhood of Nishka and Uzhichka Streets. Photo: Gregory Elich
Turning down Vuk Karadzhich Street, we entered an appealing neighborhood of two-story homes with red tile roofs and balconies lined with flowers. At the end of the street, we came to a residential area had been bombed on April 5. In a deposition taken two weeks after the attack, Srboljub Stojanovich described the attack. "There was a terrific explosion. The windowpanes burst, the ceiling fell down on us, and the walls collapsed and practically buried us. After that, I could only hear the screams and cries of my family members. My whole body wasinjured." He and his family managed to dig their way out from under the rubble, but a ghastly sight awaited them. "There were heaps of various construction material, glass, destroyed vehicles, and people coming out and trying to help those who were buried. I could hear cries for help, crying, screams, calls, and all this was horrific."
Thirteen-year-old Dushan Miletich was at home with his brother and parents when NATO planes began to bomb the town.
"I remember a terrible explosion, the electricity went off, and then the ceiling, pieces of glass and wood came down on us," he told investigators. "I was injured by this; especially my head, and I could feel the blood trickling down. My parents somehow managed to pull us out through the house window." The force of the blast threw his father, Slavimir, against the wall. "Immediately after that," Slavimir reported, "I felt I was hit on the head by an object, which made me fall to the ground. I felt blood gushing down my face. I stood up and went to the room where my wife was with my two sons, and from where I could hear crying and screams." After their escape through the window, "We ran through smoke and dust, jumping over beams, glass, smashed tiles and bricks. I heard weeping, sobbing and cries for help. There was a family with a baby in the street, seeking shelter." Slavmir's wife, Verica, recalled, "The streets were jammed with people who cried."
As soon as Vukica Miladinovich heard NATO warplanes "flying at an extremely low level making a great noise," she and her family raced to the basement and closed the door. "Immediately after that, two detonations were heard. I had the impression that my body would burst at that moment. At such moments, people lose their minds. The room was shaking like in the worst and strongest earthquake. I stood next to my bed. Air pressure threw me away, but when falling down I still managed to cover my children with my right hand and press them to the bed. The room was in darkness, covered with smoke and dust. The door which was flung out of its frame hit my father-in-law." Vukica's eyeglasses shattered in the blast, damaging her eye. "I wiped the blood pouring from my eye. I became afraid that I had lost my sight, but soon after, although it was dark, I started recognizing shadows. I thought that fire would break out. The basement was stuffy, and there was little air. We were suffocating."
She called out to her children and managed to locate them in the darkness. "A bed bar was stuck in my son Marko's leg, but he managed to take it out by himself. I knew that my father-in-law and sister-in-law were dead, and my mother-in-law was hurt. I could not afford to lose any more time." Vukica began frantically digging with her bare hands and legs, trying to open a passageway through all the piled rubble. Then the house began to collapse around her, with debris falling everywhere, but she managed to clear the way and rescue her children and mother-in-law.
Her husband, Bratislav, was away from home when the missiles struck. Arriving on the scene, he was informed of what had happened to his family. His mother was to die in the hospital two days later. The loss of his parents and sister was so devastating to Bratislav that he considered committing suicide.
Danijela Dimitrijevich, president of the Socialist Youth in Aleksinac, acted as our translator and guide. She told us that she had frequent nightmares of hearing an air raid siren, which caused her to awake, thinking the town was going to be bombed. Dimitrijevich described the reaction when she arrived in town for work the morning after the attack. "Everyone was in a big shock. It was unbelievable to us. I didn't expect to see this. I cried. It was the only possible feeling for me at that moment. Not just me. The whole town cried. The whole town."
Everyone in Zago Militich's family was wounded in the attack. She wept as she told us, "We have been friends [with Americans] until now. This is something none of us expected. We always thought they were our friends. I am 65-years-old, and now I must think about finding a new home."
Photographs of the neighborhood from the day after the bombing showed a staggering level of destruction. Like other sites in Aleksinac, this neighborhood had been largely cleared of rubble by the time of our visit. A power shovel had scooped out most of the debris, and the ground was freshly dug. Adjoining the area, there was a house that had lost most of its roof. Shrapnel had sprayed two apartment buildings near the area, leaving dozens of gaping holes and twisted windows. No sign remained of the destroyed houses except a lone wall with a stairway leading nowhere.
Dragoslav Milenkovich's home was in one of the damaged apartment buildings. "Everything was shaking, breaking apart. No one knew where it would fall," he told us. "Large shrapnel smashed through the wall, and everything was on fire." Milenkovich lost everything he owned. With nowhere else to go, he was staying as a guest in a neighbor's home.
Angrokolonijal, a food processing plant, was also targeted by NATO on the night of April 5, killing a night watchman. We found the main storage building locked and no one present. Peering through a hole, we saw a devastated interior. The registration office near the gate was a ruin. Across the street, most of the roof was torn away from the Commercial Department auxiliary building. A fence, twisted and bent from the heat of the blast, prevented us from going inside. Based on what we were able to view from one end of the building, we assumed that the interior damage was extensive. By the time of our visit, construction inspectors had already determined that all of these buildings would have to be torn down.
In the next lot was Empa, a worker cooperative that manufactured streetlights and lights for factories and homes. On the periphery of the blast radius at Angrokolonijal on April 5, it would later become a direct target, sustaining more than $300,000 in damage. The plant's director, Slobodan Todorovich, told us that the attack killed one worker and wounded another. During the war, air raid sirens in the town sounded almost daily, he said, and workers stayed at their posts during the bombardment as a show of resistance to NATO. Empa was hit in the last of NATO's three assaults on Aleksinac. That attack took place in the early morning of May 28, when NATO warplanes fired 21 missiles into the town.
The neighborhood of Nishka and Uzhichka Streets was one of the targets in that last attack. The walls of many brick homes stood eerily erect, but the roofs were gone and the interiors empty. One house appeared to have taken a direct hit. Only a portion of a few walls were still standing, surrounded by piles of rubble. Someone had placed a memorial to one of the victims on a wall. We saw these remembrances everywhere we went in Yugoslavia, posted at the sites where victims had been killed. Single sheets of paper or cloth, posted on walls, trees or telephone poles, displaying a photograph and name of the person killed along with comments. The victims were not forgotten. In a communal society, every person killed was seen as a loss for the whole community.
One woman approached us and spoke of those who died. "When we saw that everything was destroyed, we were crying. We saw that our neighbors were dead and we were shocked." One of those who NATO killed was Dushanka Savich, a technical manager in the local confectionary factory that had sustained severe damage in one of the bombing raids. "She was a very good neighbor," the woman told us. "She regretted that she never had children." I could not help dwelling upon this woman with her failed dream of parenthood. What other dreams did she harbor that now would never be realized? How could she have known that all of her dreams would vanish in an instant, along with her life and all of its joys and struggles and everyday pleasures? Our witness had a message for U.S. President Bill Clinton: "I am not guilty, and my children are not guilty."
Another woman spoke of a man named Predrag Nedeljkovovich, killed when an explosion caused a wall to fall on him. He built his home in Aleksinac only the year before. "No mother will ever again give birth to such a man," she said. "He worked very hard in the hospital to help people. He was a man of very good disposition, and he was not ashamed to do anything. He did everything, from cleaning to managing the hospital. He always had time to talk with people, also with sick people. He was not arrogant." He was a man of kind and gentle disposition, and now he was gone. This woman felt nothing but bitterness towards Western leaders. "We came out of hell but they will not." There was a pause, and then the emotions welled up within her. "Predrag is here in my heart," she whispered as she lightly touched the center of her chest. A painful silence fell, and then she burst into tears.
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Yugoslavia: No War Crimes Here
Posted by: Sammi Ibrahem,Sr
Sixteenth Anniversary of the Attack on Yugoslavia
As a member of a delegation documenting NATO war crimes in 1999, I visited Nish, the third largest city in Yugoslavia. NATO attacked this appealing old city on forty occasions, destroying approximately 120 buildings and damaging more than 3,400.
On the night of our second stop in Nish, we attended a meeting with university professor Jovan Zlatich. During the NATO war, Dr. Zlatich served as commander of the city's Civil Defense Headquarters. In his discussion of the bombardment of Nish, he focused particular attention on the use of cluster bombs. Nish had the misfortune of being the target of several CBU-87/B cluster bombs, a weapon designed to open at a predetermined height and release 202 bomblets. These smaller bombs burst in a furious repeating series of explosions, spraying thousands of pieces of shrapnel over a wide area. Cluster bombs are anti-personnel weapons. While causing relatively minor damage to structures, they inflict frightful damage on human beings.
According to Dr. Miodrag Lazich of the surgical department at Nish University Hospital, "Cluster bombs cause enormous pain. A person standing a meter or two away from the cluster bomb gets the so-called air-blast injuries, coming from a powerful air wave. The body remains mostly intact while internal organs like liver, brains or lungs are imploded inside. Parts of the exploding bombs cause severe injuries to people standing 15 to 20 meters away, ripping apart their limbs or hitting them in the stomach or head." The starting speed of the explosive charge in a cluster bomb is more than three times that of a bullet fired from an automatic rifle. Consequently, as shrapnel strikes its victim, the combined kinetic energy and explosive power is capable of causing a wound up to thirty times the size of the fragment itself. Because the bomblets are dispersed, they can cover an area as large as three football fields with their deadly rain.
Dr. Zlatich showed us photographs of his city's cluster bomb victims. We viewed page after page of civilians lying in pools of blood, and then – much worse, pre-autopsy photographs. What cluster bombs do to soft human flesh is beyond anything that can be imagined, and an anguished silence fell over the room as Dr. Zlatich flipped through the photos. Viewing such scenes was unbearable. Finally, Dr. Zlatich looked up at us and softly said, "Western democracy."
We had the opportunity to visit these sites. On three separate occasions, we walked down Anete Andrejevich Street and talked with residents. It was on this street at shortly after 11:30 AM on May 7 that cluster bombs fell. At one end of Anete Andrejevich Street is a marketplace, and on the day of the bombing the area was busy with shoppers. The street was narrow, lined with buildings that were old and charming. Evidence of the attack was unmistakable. Almost every house was pockmarked, and shrapnel had gouged hundreds of holes in the walls of the more heavily damaged homes. There was no place for pedestrians to hide on that day. One parked car had not moved since the day of the bombing. It was still there, riddled with punctures and resting on flattened tires, its windows covered with plastic. Memorials to the victims were posted at the spots where they had been killed.
Home on Anete Andrejevich Street, pockmarked by cluster bomb fragments. Photo: Gregory Elich.
As cluster bombs descended on this neighborhood, a violent and rapidly repeating series of explosions sounded as the bomblets sprayed razor-sharp shrapnel by the thousands. Seventy-three-year-old Smilja Djurich was inside her home when the attack came. "It went blat-blat-blat," she recalled. "I didn't know where I was. I was completely stunned. If I had been in the street, I would have been dead. When it began, we rushed to the cellar. People were screaming afterwards." She sobbed as she told a reporter, "I survived World War II, but I haven't seen anything like this."
A young man was killed near her doorstep, sliced to pieces and lying in a pool of blood. Nearby, an elderly woman, her forehead pierced by shrapnel, was stretched out in the street, a bag of carrots beside her. Zhivorad Ilich was selling onions and eggs on a cardboard box that served as a makeshift stall when flying metal killed him. Slavica Dinich explained how she managed to survive. "We ducked for cover under the bed. One bomb fell through the roof of the upper floor of our house."
Bozidar Panich reported, "I was in my garden when I heard something crack." He saw smoke rising from the street. "Then I looked at the sky above and saw a small parachute with a yellow grenade descending toward me. Instinctively, I threw myself to the ground and covered my head with my hands. The bomb landed and exploded beside me so that everything shook. I remember that I was all covered with soil. I ran out into the street to look for my son, who had gone out minutes earlier. On the street, it was chaos. The dead and wounded were lying all over the place… People were crying out for help, in shock, and the cars and roofs of houses were burning."
At the corner of Jelene Dimitrijevich and Shumatovachka Streets, a memorial for Ljiljana Spasich was posted on a brick wall at the place where she was killed while walking home from the market. Only 26 years-old and seven months pregnant, she was just one month away from completing her fifth and final year at medical school. She had planned her life well, expecting to give birth shortly after graduation. But NATO had other plans for her, and an exploding cluster bomb canister killed both her and her unborn baby.
Memorial to Ljiljana Spasich, posted at the spot where she was killed. Photo: Gregory Elich.
Accompanying Spasich on that day was her mother-in-law, Simeunka Spasich, who recalled, "We were 300-400 meters from our apartment and some 100 meters from the market when we heard planes. Suddenly, bombs were falling all around us. It was terrible. Explosions, smoke, leaves, branches… I felt a blow on my head, and blood leaking. Then I fainted. Several times I regained consciousness. I looked around me and realized that I was lying in the street, my right leg was broken as well as my right arm. People around me were dead or injured. It was terrible. Right next to me I saw my daughter-in-law Ljiljana, who was lying motionless. She was dead. At that moment, I thought her to be alive, but later they told me she had been killed on the spot, and the child could not have been saved."
When the ambulance picked up Spasich, she lapsed back into unconsciousness. "I finally gained consciousness at the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade. My left leg was amputated below the knee, and my right hand was seriously injured. I could not move it. I was told that I would have to endure several operations more… My son, who came to visit me, told me that they did not believe I would stay alive, since my intestines had spilled."
Two memorials to Pordani Seklich were posted on the front door window of the restaurant where she was employed as a waitress. She was in the kitchen when whizzing shrapnel tore through the roof and killed her where she stood. Our hotel, located across the Nishava, overlooked the neighborhood around Anete Andrejevich Street, and we had walked extensively throughout the area. It was an entirely residential neighborhood, with nothing that could be construed as a military target.
Only ten minutes after the cluster bombing of the marketplace neighborhood, a NATO warplane dropped an incendiary cluster bomb on the parking lot of the Clinical Center. A ball of fire engulfed the parking lot, igniting cars and sending thick clouds of black smoke billowing into the sky. Several homes on the adjacent block were damaged. Shrapnel by the hundreds shot through the hospital, causing the roof over the classroom to collapse. It was the everyday routine for staff to meet in the classroom at noon to discuss the war while eating lunch. Had the attack come twenty minutes later, all would have perished. In one room alone, over ninety holes from bomb fragments were counted.
Parking lot of Clinical Center, target of incendiary cluster bomb. Photo: Gregory Elich.
The incendiary effect of the bomb brought to mind Djakovica, where NATO attacked a column of Albanian refugees who were returning to their homes in Kosovo. According to a wartime report in Jane's Defence Weekly, the Pentagon was anxious to introduce the newly developed CBU-97 cluster bomb. This weapon was designed to spray shrapnel heated to an intense temperature and ignite everything within its blast radius. The charred remains of the automobiles in the parking lot indicated that this was probably the weapon used at the Clinical Center. Djakovica was another site that served as a testing ground for the CBU-97, where it proved a rousing success, killing 73 civilians and dismembering and incinerating most of them beyond recognition. Survivors of that attack scattered and sought cover in nearby homes. NATO pilots, spotting this, launched missiles on the houses, adding to the death toll.
The photographs I saw of the victims were horrifying. We were later to talk with Albanians in Belgrade who served in the Yugoslav government or held prominent positions in the society. One of them mentioned his anger over the slaughter at Djakovica, as well as other instances where NATO warplanes killed his fellow Albanians. "The man who could command NATO to bomb people is not human. He is an animal. After the bombing of Djakovica, I saw decapitated bodies. I have pictures of that. It is horrible, terrible. I saw people without arms, without feet."
Office building of So Produkt, a distributor of salt products. Photo: Gregory Elich.
The state-owned DIN cigarette factory in Nish was one of Yugoslavia's largest manufacturing facilities, employing 2,500 workers. It was bombed on four occasions. The factory's deputy managing director, Milovoje Apostolovich, told us that cluster bombs were among the munitions dropped on DIN. Workers found two cluster bomb fragments with messages scrawled on them: "Do you still want to be Serbs?" and "Run faster." Apostolovich estimated damage to his factory at $35 million. A cigarette factory clearly lacked military utility. The only reason DIN was attacked was because it was the largest employer in Nish. We strolled through the factory's grounds. A cruise missile had completely flattened the tobacco storehouse. Two of the larger buildings were substantially demolished. Merely to clear away the rubble would be an imposing task. Many of the smaller buildings had also sustained substantial damage. Bricklayers were busily rebuilding the canteen. Across the lane, the façade of the large financial and computer center bore the marks of a cluster bomb, with hundreds of gouged holes spread across its face.
Reconstruction continued at the state-owned DIN until it was made fit for privatization by a new Western-friendly government, as 1,400 employees were thrown out of work. In October 2003, DIN was purchased by Philip Morris, which six years later eliminated a third of the remaining workforce, terming those it laid off as "technological surplus."
Several requests were filed by various parties with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) to investigate NATO war crimes, including the cluster bombing of Nish. Established at the behest of the United States, from which it received the bulk of its funding, the ICTY was not an entirely disinterested party. Compelled to deflect persistent complaints about NATO actions, the ICTY Prosecutor's Office formed a committee it authorized to conduct an "investigation" to determine if there was a basis for legal action against NATO.
Not surprisingly, the Prosecutor's committee found no basis to charge NATO for any of its actions. In regard to the cluster bombing of Nish, it correctly pointed out that there is no treaty prohibiting or restricting the use of cluster bombs. The Prosecutor's office added that it indicted Serbian Krajina leader Milan Martich for launching a cluster bomb missile at Zagreb because it "was not designed to hit military targets but to terrorize the civilians of Zagreb." NATO cluster bombs, evidently by their inherent nature, cannot be so characterized. "There is no indication cluster bombs were used in such a fashion by NATO," the Prosecutor's report asserts. The Office "should not commence an investigation into the use of cluster bombs as such by NATO."
Bridge over the Nishava River. Photo: Gregory Elich.
The report goes on to explain that military commanders are obliged to "do everything practicable to verify that the objectives to be attacked are military objectives," and to refrain from striking purely civilian targets. Against all evidence, the Prosecutor's Office claimed that most of NATO's targets were "clearly military objectives," and "military objectives are often located in densely populated areas."
The evidence for arriving at that determination was clear, according to the Prosecutor's Office. "It has tended to assume that the NATO and NATO countries' press statements are generally reliable and that explanations have been honestly given," despite the fact that when it asked NATO about specific incidents, replies were vague and "failed to address the specific incidents." Only one conclusion was possible: "On the basis of the information reviewed, however, the committee is of the opinion that neither an in-depth investigation related to the bombing campaign as a whole nor investigations related to specific incidents are justified."
Try telling Ljiljana Spasich's widowed husband that his wife and unborn baby were legitimate military targets.
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