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Cory Doctorow: The Unimaginable
November 1, 2021 October 29, 2021 locusmag 5 Comments Cory Doctorow
Photo by Paula Mariel Salischiker
Margaret Thatcher was the least science-fictional world leader in modern history.
Her motto was "There is no alternative," a phrase she repeated so often it became an acronym: "TINA."
She was referring to capitalism, asserting that there is no conceivable alternative. It was a cheap but remarkably effective rhetorical device, treating a demand as an observation. The true meaning of TINA isn't "No alternative is possible," but rather, "Stop trying to think of an alternative."
I mean, thinking of alternatives is literally my job.
TINA is part of a philosophy, "capitalist realism," a phrase coined by Mark Fischer in the early 2000s. Fischer said that capitalist realism is best captured in the quote "It is easier to imagine an end to the world than an end to capitalism" (this quote has been variously attributed to the philosopher Slavoj Žižek and the literary critic Fredric Jameson).
Žižek (or possibly Jameson) got a lot closer to the problem than Thatcher ever did. For while it's easy to imagine something after capitalism, imagining capitalism's sunset is far harder.
I mean, I literally did it in my first novel, Down and Out In the Magic Kingdom (2003), a tale of a postcapitalist, post-scarcity civilization where your ability to commandeer any resource (including Walt Disney World) is based on whether your broad public esteem (AKA "Whuffie" – a perpetually retabulated average pulled from direct-brain interfaces) is higher than the esteem enjoyed by your rivals.
While Down and Out In the Magic Kingdom had some flashback scenes depicting the revolutionary transition between capitalism and the Whuffie economy, these were thin sketches. We learn about how a single university campus handled the transition – when exploited adjunct professors simply took over their tenured bosses' lectures – and we learn that there were some heavily armed right-wing militias holed up in hollow mountains for a while, but not much else. We don't see anyone get murdered for the cause; there are no mass demonstrations with choking clouds of tear gas or hails of bullets.
Speaking from personal experience, it was easy to imagine life after capitalism, but imagining the actual end of capitalism is hard.
Think of William Gibson's outstanding Jackpot novels: The Peripheral (2014) and Agency (2020). These tell the story of a far future in which the climate emergency has been fully resolved, after an interregnum called "The Jackpot" in which things went very badly for civilization indeed.
But The Jackpot is a blank, a lost era, a dark age. Even though the tale blips back and forth between the future and several other moments in time, including our own era, The Jackpot is never accessed or depicted. It's a jump-cut, an excision: first, there is our time, then our near future, then all at once, a time far from now in which the system has transformed. Gibson finesses it with the mastery of a close-up card mechanic, but it's still a noticeable omission. Transitions are hard.
Kim Stanley Robinson's been writing postcapitalist futures for quite some time. It was his 1990 novel Pacific Edge that inspired me to write Down and Out In the Magic Kingdom.
During the 2010s, Robinson published four linked novels, starting with 2012's 2312, which started three centuries out and worked their way back toward the present day, through Aurora (2015), New York 2140 (2017) and Red Moon (2018). In these books, Robinson starts with a tale of a society that is centuries into its postcapitalist future, then, like an artillery sergeant rangefinding by walking his mortar fire closer in as he zeroes in on his target, Robinson uses this "backcasting" to get closer and closer to the transition-state between capitalism and not-capitalism.
But he never got there, not with those books and not in that decade. It wasn't until 2020's The Ministry for the Future that Robinson actually imagined the end of capitalism – not just life after capitalism, but life through a multi-year transition from one system to another.
The Ministry for the Future is an extraordinary and brilliant book. It's told in a kind of documentary style, jumping to dozens of points-of-view and places to illuminate different aspects of the transition (the main plot follows a handful of characters, providing a through-line that all this peripheral material can play against).
And (hat tip to Žižek) (or possibly Jameson) in The Ministry for the Future, the end of capitalism is precipitated by the imminent end of the world. The Ministry for the Future isn't just the story of the end of capitalism, it's also the story of the end of the climate emergency – the story of how we orient our productive capacity, lifestyles, and education to head off a species-and civilization-destroying death-spiral. The book doesn't promise a return to normalcy or even the end of crisis, but it does depict a plausible (and heroically uplifting and inspiring) end to the emergency.
Robinson's depiction of the violence of the climate emergency is pitiless. The book opens with a killing heat-wave over India's northern plains that leaves 20,000,000 dead, and those deaths are etched on the page and haunt the whole sweep of the story. From the very start, Robinson refuses to look away, refuses to flinch from the sheer terror of the climate emergency.
I'm always skeptical of the advice not to "normalize" bad things (whatever happens normally becomes "normalized" – people in death camps normalize their circumstances; what hope do we have of not normalizing whatever is going on in our own lives?) Robinson's ability to keep the urgency of the climate emergency alive and vivid on the page is truly remarkable.
There's another source of violence and terror in Robinson's story, and this one is far more remote. Robinson's transition arises out of a mix of tactics, some economic, some social, some regulatory. Key to the transition are spectacular acts of mass violence – for example, using drones to crash every executive jet in the sky, all at once.
The terrorists who commit these atrocities aren't in the mix of characters whose lives we briefly experience through the book's vignettes, and neither are their victims. They are remote, abstract.
There are good reasons for this. The acts of terror in The Ministry for the Future are truly deplorable. Zooming in on them runs the risk of glorifying them.
I was and remain unsettled by the offstage violence in The Ministry for the Future. I don't know if it's there because Robinson believes that "the end of capitalism" will be attended by such violence. History suggests that revolutions are rarely bloodless, after all. As one of my characters says in my 2019 novella Radicalized (quoting an Onion headline): "They say violence never solves anything, but that's only true so long as you ignore all of human history."
I'm a squeamish person. The last time I hit someone in anger, I was ten years old. I don't want to be on the side of terror.
As the tempo and intensity of fires and floods and pandemics and heatwaves increases, the concrete terror of the looming point of climate no-return takes on an urgency that exceeds the hypothetical terrors that Robinson depicts during his "end of capitalism."
It is easier to imagine the end to the world than it is to imagine a nonviolent end of capitalism.
But we should still try.
In many ways, we are already living in a postcapitalist society. Many of our most important jobs – parenting, caring for elderly relatives or friends – are unpaid. And virtually none of our great businesses or their industries would be profitable save for vast state subsidies: the huge public subsidy inherent in the climate emergency.
Companies profit by pushing off the highest cost of doing business to the rest of us, in the form rising seas, hurricanes, wildfires and droughts. If companies had to carry this cost on their balance sheet, most firms would have to drastically restructure or go out of business.
It's a bloody form of postcapitalism, one where vital hard work is unwaged and only costs – not profits – are socialized. But there is an alternative.
We just have to imagine it.
Cory Doctorow is the author of Walkaway, Little Brother, and Information Doesn't Want to Be Free (among many others); he is the co-owner of Boing Boing, a special consultant to the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a visiting professor of Computer Science at the Open University and an MIT Media Lab Research Affiliate.
All opinions expressed by commentators are solely their own and do not reflect the opinions of Locus.
This article and more like it in the September 2021 issue of Locus.
While you are here, please take a moment to support Locus with a one-time or recurring donation. We rely on reader donations to keep the magazine and site going, and would like to keep the site paywall free, but WE NEED YOUR FINANCIAL SUPPORT to continue quality coverage of the science fiction and fantasy field.
©Locus Magazine. Copyrighted material may not be republished without permission of LSFF.
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5 thoughts on "Cory Doctorow: The Unimaginable"
Interesting claim: "In many ways, we are already living in a postcapitalist society. Many of our most important jobs – parenting, caring for elderly relatives or friends – are unpaid. And virtually none of our great businesses or their industries would be profitable save for vast state subsidies: the huge public subsidy inherent in the climate emergency."
J. Martin
Hi Cory!
Fantastic article. The quote's from Jameson, not Žižek:
"It seems to be easier for us today to imagine the thoroughgoing deterioration of the earth and of nature than the breakdown of late capitalism; perhaps that is due to some weakness in our imaginations."
Jameson, Fredric. "The Antinomies of Postmodernity." In: The Cultural Turn: Selected Writings on the Postmodern, 1983–1998. New York: Verso, 1998. 50–72. 50.
Detroit Dan
I've been feeling something similar in my exasperation with the medical / scientific establishment (in addition to the military industrial establishment). It feels good to be speaking truths that are so horrible that others will not face them.
Hans-Christian Heinz
There is one very good duology that does explicitly address the end of capitalism and the transition to something new, including the very violent reactions of the entrenched system: Daniel Suarez' "Demon" and "Freedom(tm)".
dylan white
If we are held in position by state coercion, and the present capitalist system is enforced by guns and and unequal laws also backed by guns … then it seems the chicken bones must be read as such.."to break the chains that shackle you force is a fact"…
Otherwise You could sit down in the middle of the road with all your friends and their friends and their friends … and civil disobedience the crap out of this capitalist nightmare..
whatever you do … hurry. People are suffering unnecessarily.
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text:
Multimediedesign er en gren af designfaget der beskæftiger sig med kommunikation gennem diverse medier, som tv, radio, internet, computerspil, avis, reklame, mm. En person der er uddannet i, eller arbejder med faget, kaldes en multimediedesigner.

Uddannelsen strækker sig i hovedtræk over fire fagområder: Kommunikationsteori, virksomhed- og projektledelse, design og interaktion (programmering og databaser), og varer to år. En af de første skoler der udbød uddannelsen i Danmark var IMMA.

På grund af sit interaktionselement arbejdes der ofte med skærmbaseret kommunikation, blandt andet i forbindelse med computerspils- og webdesign.

Fodnoter

Grafisk design
Korte videregående uddannelser i Danmark
Digital informationsteknologi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


TCP is well known to offer more reliability than the any protocol and employs it throughout many different mechanisms. Congestion Avoidance is obtained by Flow Control and Congestion Control, and their respective "windows".
_Flow Control _has the goal to adjust the amount of flow received by a TCP speaker: an end host dictates how much traffic a sender can send to him, in order to avoid potential memory buffer shortage.
This feature is implemented through the use of the Receive window (rwnd) which states the amount of data that can be transmitted without expecting an ACK. The receive window size is imposed by the OS and is dynamically changed according to the number of TCP flows and available memory. TCP RFCs don't stipulate any default value for this, and so every OS has its own different one (which can be used as a trace for OS fingerprinting).
However problems occur as well inside a high subscribed network path, and that is where Congestion Window _(cwnd) comes to the aid. While the _rcwd is a value handled exclusively by the TCP flow receiver and dependable to its local system resources, on the other hand, the cwnd size relies on external events such ACKs, timers and Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN).
If an outgoing interface buffer is full, a router can decide to drop the packet or, instead, adopt an Active Queue Management algorithm (like WRED) and transmit the datagram with a CE (Congestion Experienced) value into the IP header. CE is set by using the last two bits of the ToS byte, in addition to the six used by the DSCP field [see RFC3168].
Upon reception of IP data marked with CE, A TCP receiver will echo back the reported congestion by including into the TCP header an ECE flag [_ECN-Echo, RFC5681]. _Once the TCP sender gets an incoming ECN flag, it will change its congestion window value as it was for a dropped packet.
ECN is an optional enhancement in addition to the regular TCP congestion avoidance algorithm, by letting layer 3 devices participate actively in the data loss prevention and as you may expect, ECN can be the most effective only if the whole network path is AQM enabled.


text:
Q: CRF equivalent in deep learning Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is a typical solution for a sequence labelling/segmentation problem. For example, a sequence is a string and CRFs are used to label each word as being a part of a company name, a location, an event, etc.
What is currently the state-of-the-art equivalent in the deep learning community to CRFs for sequence labelling/segmentation?
CRFs have several implementations, including C++ and Java. Does an implementation exist on the deep learning side?

A: https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03475 (De-identification of Patient Notes with Recurrent Neural Networks) uses a neural network with a "label sequence optimization layer" as the top layer to do some sequence tagging, which could be seen as a "deep learning" equivalent to CRF.
See Section 2.2.4 Label sequence optimization layer:

The label sequence optimization layer takes the sequence of
  probability vectors $\mathbf{a}_{1:n}$ from the label prediction layer
  as input, and outputs a sequence of labels $y_{1:n}$, where $y_{i}$ is
  the label assigned to the token $x_{i}$.
The simplest strategy to select the label $y_{i}$ would be to choose
  the label that has the highest probability in $\mathbf{a}_{i}$, i.e.
  $y_{i}=\text{argmax}_{k}{\mathbf{a}_{i}[k]}$. However, this greedy approach
  fails to take into account the dependencies between subsequent labels.
  For example, it may be more likely to have a token with the PHI type
  STATE followed by a token with the PHI type ZIP than any other PHI
  type. Even though the label prediction layer has the capacity to
  capture such dependencies to a certain degree, it may be preferable to
  allow the model to directly learn these dependencies in the last layer
  of the model.
One way to model such dependencies is to incorporate a matrix $T$ that
  contains the transition probabilities between two subsequent labels.
  $T[i,j]$ is the probability that a token with label $i$ is followed by
  a token with the label $j$. The score of a label sequence $y_{1:n}$ is
  defined as the sum of the probabilities of individual labels and the
  transition probabilities: $$ s(y_{1:n}) = { \sum_{i=1}^{n}
> \mathbf{a}_{i}[y_{i}]+  \sum_{i=2}^{n} T [y_{i-1},y_{i}} ]. $$ These
  scores can be turned into probabilities of the label sequences by
  taking a softmax function over all possible label sequences.  During
  the training phase, the objective is to maximize the log probability
  of the gold label sequence. In the testing phase, given an input
  sequence of tokens, the corresponding sequence of predicted labels is
  chosen as the one that maximizes the score.

The network:

Code: https://github.com/Franck-Dernoncourt/NeuroNER

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tesco's 2pm reduced aisle sorts out my meals for a week.
It's official; just after lunch is most definitely the best time to hit the shops and the supermarket reduced aisle if you're looking for bargains.
I may not have done the most scientific of research, in that I have just chosen random times to hit different shops but I am almost convinced of this fact.
Added to what I've discovered through my highly scientific methods, I think there could be a lot of explanations for this proliferation of reduced goods at around 2pm: the lunch time rush is done so staff may be settling down to "other" jobs for the day. Equally, the lunch time rush has weeded out what people do/don't want so any leftovers can go into the reduced aisle. Finally, most obviously, nobody else has the chance to take what's there because they're all at work, huzzah!
Not only is the amount and variety available incredible at this time of day but also, it gives you the rest of the day to get it home and pop it in the fridge or freezer to make sure it really isn't going off.
Baby Corn – £1.50 to £1.05.
In total, I made a saving of quite literally £8.15 on this little shop. A lot of it was straight in the freezer but look at the array: I've got meat, fish, veg and even herbs.
What a dream shop! Well I am certainly satisfied that this is the time to hit the supermarket reduced aisles. Let me know if you think any different!


Your response to the release of my latest book, "Old Money, New Woman: How To Manage Your Money and Your Life" has been heartwarming and inspiring.
I hope you all find the book a great read. I'm always honored and often humbled when I receive notes from readers who not only enjoy my books themselves, but trust me enough to share the books with their relatives.
My sister-in-law, Lorna, recently received her complimentary copy (you know how family can be if they don't get their freebees. Wink, nod). Not only is she enjoying the book herself, she's shared it with with my niece, Zoe, who's become quite the reader.
You never know how Old Money wisdom is going to change the life of a young lady. We'll hope for the best with Zoe (pictured reading below), and all the other girls who get a copy of "Old Money, New Woman" from an older relative or friend.
What a lovely and gracious note!
Both of our families have great taste in names; one of my daughters is also named Zoe.
Best regards and continued good wishes for your book's remarkable reviews sir! You are having a considerable impact on both your young and 'older' readers alike; WELL DONE!
Bryon, I would also like to extend my appreciation. My favourite tip was regarding limiting shopping, I have chosen a few dates in the year and keep,a list to consider then. Your practical advice has changed my life, thank you so much.
Byron, I would also like to extend my appreciation. My favourite advice was the limit to shopping so I have chosen a few dates in the year and have been keeping a list to consider then. This may well change my life.


text:
What famous jazz trumpet player once knocked The Beatles off the top of the music charts?
He learned a great deal about jazz when he was taken under the wing of King Oliver.
His original instrument was the cornet, not the trumpet.
His nickname was "Satchmo."
His version of "What a Wonderful World" became a surprise hit in 1988 and still receives a lot of radio play time.
Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)
Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on August 4, 1901, Louis Armstrong was one of the most influential and durable of all jazz artists, and quite simply one of the most famous of the twentieth century.
Armstrong was raised by his mother in the Third Ward section of New Orleans. On New Year's Eve in 1914 Armstrong was arrested in New Orleans for firing a pistol and sent to the Colored Waif's Home. It was there that he first learned to play the cornet. His skill increased with the experience he gained from playing in the Home's band. When he was finally released from the institution, he was already proficient enough with the instrument to begin playing for money.
Befriended by his idol King Oliver, Armstrong quickly began to develop the jazz skills that, until then, he had only been able to admire from a distance. When Oliver left for Chicago in 1919, a place opened up for Armstrong as a member of the Kid Ory and His Creole Jazz Band in New Orleans. In 1922 Oliver asked Armstrong to join him in Chicago as second cornet with his Creole Jazz Band. The duets between "Dippermouth" (as Armstrong was called) and "Papa Joe" (Oliver's nickname) soon became the talk of the Chicago music world.
Two years later Armstrong joined the Fletcher Henderson Band at the Roseland Ballroom in New York City. In 1925 he returned to Chicago to play with Erskine Tate, switching from cornet to trumpet, the instrument he played from then on. During the next four years he made a series of recordings that profoundly influenced the course of jazz. Armstrong recorded the Louis Armstrong's Hot Fives and Hot Sevens, which showcased his skill and technique in swing and in the art of improvisation.
In 1929 Armstrong returned to New York in the revue Hot Chocolates, where he scored his first triumph with the performance of a popular song (Fats Waller's "Ain't Misbehavin'"). This success was a turning point in his career. He now began to front big bands, playing and singing popular songs rather than blues or original instrumentals.
In 1932 Armstrong headlined a show at the London Palladium, where he acquired the nickname "Satchmo." From 1933 to 1935 he toured Europe, returning to the United States to film Pennies from Heaven with Bing Crosby. He continued to evolve from the status of musician to that of entertainer, and his singing soon became as important as his playing. In 1947 he formed a small group that was an immediate success. He continued to work in this context and toured throughout the world.
Armstrong experienced a tremendous success in 1964 with his recording of "Hello Dolly," which knocked the Beatles off the number one spot on the Top 40 list--a great feat in the age of rock. Though his health began to decline, he maintained a heavy schedule of international touring. When he died in his sleep at home in Corona, Queens, two days after his seventieth birthday, he had been preparing to resume work despite a serious heart attack suffered some three months before. "The music--it's my living and my life" was his motto.
Louis Armstrong's fame as an entertainer in the later stages of his extraordinary career sometimes made people forget that he remained a great musician to the end. More than any other artist, Armstrong symbolized the magic of jazz, a musical form unimaginable without his contribution. "You can't play a note on the horn that Louis hasn't already played," said Miles Davis, and contemporary musicians like Wynton Marsalis echo that opinion.
In 1988 after its use in the motion picture Good Morning, Vietnam, Armstrong's recording of "What a Wonderful World" became a surprise hit, climbing to number eleven on the Billboard chart. In 1992 a Louis Armstrong Archive was established at Queens College in New York. It includes his personal papers, private recordings, memorabilia, and instruments.

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Take the next step in helping women and girls live free from gender-based violence.
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Your donation of $50 would compensate one woman to attend a focus group and be heard by the legal system.
Every day, Anna lives in fear of her partner abusing her or her child, and there's no accountability or penalty for his actions.
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A number of major South African universities now offer cloud computing courses through the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Academy programme.
The skills conferred by AWS Academy courses can then be used to prepare for the official industry-recognised AWS Certification.
AWS has partnered with a number of tertiary institutions, including the University of Johannesburg, Durban University of Technology, and the University of Cape Town.
To find out more, MyBroadband spoke to AWS head of Middle East and Africa Zubin Chagpar about how Amazon Web Services has invested in educating South African students about cloud computing.
Chagpar said the AWS Academy programme offers a provisioned curriculum for higher-education institutions, and participating universities can nominate educators to earn a certification before they teach the course.
"Participating institutions nominate educators to go through course content, meet a teaching requirement, and earn an industry-recognised AWS Certification in preparation to instruct students," said Chagpar.
"We are delighted to announce that the University of Cape Town's Information Systems department commenced delivery of the new AWS Academy Cloud Foundations course – aligned to the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner certification – in late June 2018," he said.
UCT Professor of Information Systems Jean-Paul van Belle said the university now supplements its own curricula with content from Amazon Web Services where applicable.
Part of a compulsory credit-bearing course.
"At the University of Cape Town, for example, the course is offered in their under-graduate major and as a module in their post-graduate diploma course, which gives an overview of all foundational information technologies supporting contemporary organisational information systems," said Chagpar.
The AWS Academy programme is open to all accredited South African post-secondary institutions, he added.
Existing IT professionals can also take advantage of the AWS Academy programme through vocational training or professional development courses.
Following the completion of the AWS Academy courses, students will have the opportunity to pursue an AWS Certification, which is recognised across the cloud computing industry, said Chagpar.
AWS Academy courses can be implemented in professional development courses or as a post-graduate qualification for professionals with an existing IT degree seeking to expand their qualifications.
"AWS's investment will create a much-needed local cloud computing skills pipeline that will benefit our business, our partners, our customers, and the South African business landscape," said Chagpar.
Standard Bank South Africa is one of the businesses backing the project, and its head of software development – Josef Langerman – said the bank is happy the AWS Academy programme has launched in South Africa.
"This programme will provide Standard Bank South Africa with a much-needed pipeline of cloud computing skills, via South African higher-education institutions," said Langerman.
"AWS Academy will help students in South Africa by teaching skills that open job opportunities, and also help us find skilled cloud talent so that we can accelerate cloud adoption and continue to provide our customers with leading-edge financial services," he said.


'Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all'.
More than two billion people globally are living in countries where the demand for water exceeds the available amount. With global demand for water set to outstrip supply in the years ahead and climate change increasing the likelihood of drought, new approaches are needed to ensure the world's population has reliable access to clean drinking water.
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text:
HS2 UPDATE
HS2 Birmingham to Crewe link planned to open six years early
An artist's impression shows how the proposed station in Crewe would look
The government has announced plans to open a 43-mile section of the HS2 high-speed rail link between Birmingham and Crewe in 2027, six years earlier than originally hoped for.
Crewe has been chosen above Stoke-on-Trent as the next key staging post on the route to Manchester.
Improving transport links with the north of England is a key part of the government's transport policy.
The bill for the first stage of HS2 has not yet been through parliament.
The bill for the London to Birmingham section of the route, the biggest in parliamentary history, may not gain Royal Assent for a year.
Before that can happen, a committee is going through the planned route inch by inch with those affected.
The government hopes the London to Birmingham route will be completed by 2026, and the routes to Manchester and Leeds by 2033. A separate bill will be needed for the Manchester and Leeds routes.
Last year, the boss of HS2, Sir David Higgins, said the £55.7bn project should be completed sooner than that.
The boss of HS2 recommended taking the line a further 43 miles to Crewe last year.
He argued that it's relatively straightforward in engineering terms yet would save a significant amount of time.
Now the government's agreed, despite a strong bid to go via Stoke instead.
Interestingly, today's announcement doesn't include plans for a new hub station at Crewe. That decision won't be taken until next Autumn.
New stations are the most expensive things of all, so it raises the prospect of something else losing out. In the past they've looked at whether a planned new station at Manchester Airport should be postponed although the government suggests that's no longer on the cards, "subject to agreeing an appropriate local funding contribution to the costs".
HS2 has dropped out of the headlines since the new government pledged support, but there's still a long way to go before MPs even vote on the bill for the first leg, between London and Birmingham. That bill might not get Royal Assent until the end of next year.
Still, the project feels a lot more certain than it did a couple of years ago, when the then Shadow chancellor, Ed Balls questioned its value for money.
The Chancellor, George Osborne also announced that the former head of the CBI business group John Cridland would chair a new body called Transport for the North, which will look to improve transport links across the North.
The new timetable means a part of the second phase of the project is due to open only a year after the first phase from London to Birmingham is due to be operational.
"Bringing forward this part of the HS2 route by six years is a massive step in the right direction for the Northern Powerhouse where high-speed rail will play a big role in connecting up the entire region with the rest of the country," the chancellor said.
The Treasury said journey times between Crewe and London would be cut by 35 minutes once the new route was open.
In his Spending Review last week, Mr Osborne confirmed that the government would spend £13bn on improving transport links in the North.
New preferred site for Leeds' HS2 station announced
Plans to integrate Leeds' proposed HS2 station with the city's existing railway station have been announced.
Dubbed "The Yorkshire Hub", the proposal favours a plans to build on the south bank of the River Aire.
A report by HS2 boss Sir David Higgins said the original location in New Lane was "too isolated" and "too detached".
Leeds councillor Keith Wakefield said it was "great news" and he hoped the new station would become a "St Pancras in the North".
The proposed rail link will split at Birmingham to create a Y-shape with links to Leeds and Manchester
The report considered three options; incorporating HS2 into the existing station, building a new integrated station, or building a new station in New Lane.
Sir David said the preferred integrated option "connects HS2 and existing rail services through a common concourse, allows for the growth in Northern Powerhouse rail and local services, and provides easy access to the city centre and motorway network, whilst creating the potential for a landmark architectural statement".
In a letter, regional civic and business leaders said: "The proposed Leeds hub station, integrating HS2, Northern Powerhouse rail and improved local and regional rail services, will transform the economy of Leeds and the city region.
"We now need to make this a reality and create a transport hub the nation can be proud of."
Mr Wakefield, the transport committee chairman for West Yorkshire Combined Authority, said: "This is great news for Leeds. Our aspiration should be St Pancras in the North."
The recommendation will now be considered by the chancellor. A final decision on the route between Birmingham and Leeds is due to be made in autumn 2016.
The proposed high-speed rail link was originally due to stretch from London to Birmingham by 2026, and then reach Manchester and Leeds by 2033.
But Sir David proposed speeding up the £50 billion project last year.
The Focus Transport website is intended to appeal to those that have a broad interest in public transport.
We cover topical news items and display high quality photographs relating to the current transport scene and also show archive material from slides and prints that are relevant to the subjects under review.
We publish in-depth articles about transport issues and welcome contributions from anyone who has suitable material.
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TfL to Lose Funding
Name the Stagecoach West Enviro200's
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A time of Remembrance & the Poppy Appeal
The annual period of Remembrance and the Poppy Appeal runs from 28th October to 12th November and is being supported by a number of bus comp...
TfL 5 year Plan
Transport for London (TfL) has set out how transport will support sustainable growth in its draft business plan covering the period from 202...
Go Ahead Launches Norway Train Service
The Go-Ahead Group has launched Norway's first privately-operated train service. Go-Ahead Nordic's inaugural service departed from Stavanger...
Electric Buses for Glasgow City Routes
Electric buses are being launched in Glasgow on a commercial route for the first time since the 1960s. Bus company First Glasgow sai...
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Hello, I discovered a new trick to find niches on Autopilot. Not sure if anyone knew about this trick, but its a pretty cool one and you can check for niches whenever you like. Enjoy and exploit it!
Step 3: Go through your history and notice the hundreds of niches that you viewed while sleeping.
You can also just run the regular Vagex viewer and look at IE.
MistahYee: Yeah, but no one likes IE. And recently the regular vagex has been glitching a lot.
I'm using Internet Explorer, any alternatives for that?
(2013-08-11, 08:30 AM)-qwerty- Wrote: I'm using Internet Explorer, any alternatives for that?
It doesn't matter if you use IE or FF. Just check the internet history for IE instead.
Lmao brilliant, thanks for the share!
(2013-08-11, 08:38 AM)Repun Wrote: Lmao brilliant, thanks for the share!
No problem mate. PM me with questions.


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Retired Dutch General Patrick Cammaert, who since 23 December 2018, headed a United Nations advance team tasked with monitoring a ceasefire between the Iranian-aligned Houthi group and Saudi-backed government forces in Yemen's Hodeidah port has resigned.
Retired US Marine General James Mattis who steered much of the change in military direction in Yemen left his post on January 1.
Replacing Patrick Cammaert is Lieutenant General Michael Anker Lollesgaard of Denmark as Chair of the Redeployment Coordination Committee (RCC) and Head of the United Nations Mission in support of the Hodeidah Agreement (UNMHA), as established in Security Council resolution 2452 (2019).
This was rumoured Monday and confirmed by FPMag according to sources and a release now issued by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres today.
Photo credit: Yemen UNHCR/Rawan Shaif – A portion of this report is updated from FPMag , 20 September Yemen: Trump/SA/UAE War Crimes Exposed (In Depth) and from FPMag, 21 December Mattis, who helped Kill 80,000 Yemeni Kids, just quit.
There has been no official statement about why Major General (retired) Patrick Cammaert of the Netherlands quit so abruptly.
According to the United Nations release, Lieutenant General Lollesgaard served as Military Representative of Denmark to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since March 2017, having previously served as Force Commander of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) from 2015 to 2016. He has trained military brigades from multiple countries and has broad international experience, serving as Assistant Military Adviser to the Permanent Mission of Denmark to the United Nations in New York. He was also deployed in peace support operations in the Balkans and Iraq, in addition to having commanded the multinational Peace Support Operations Training Centre in Bosnia-Herzegovina from 2007 to 2009.
The Following is the NATO Biography of General Lollesgaard and his distinguished career.
General Lollesgaard is a graduate of the Command and General Staff College, Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen, Denmark.


Davao Occidental Tigers vs Imus Banderas-GLC Truck & Equi. Photo from Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League.
Two Mindanao teams made a successful debut Thursday night in the Maharlika Basketball League Datu Cup at Alonte Sports Arena.
The Davao Occidental Tigers nipped Imus Bandera, 75-71.
Ex-pros Billy Robles and Mark Yee paced the Tigers with 15 and 13 points, respectively, while combining for 21 of Davao Occidental's 57 rebounds.
Leo Najorda added 12 points and seven boards while Bogs Raymundo had 10 points.
Meanwhile, the Zamboanga Valientes overcame the hosts Laguna Heroes, 86-80.
Reed Juntilla exploded for 30 points that went with six rebounds and five assists for the Valientes.
Denok Miranda had 26 points in the loss for the Heroes.
Davao Occidental and Zamboanga joined early winners Batangas City, Marikina, Caloocan and Muntinlupa.


Engleski izgovor za totalne početnike - ovde!
accept: Sorry, we don't accept credit cards.
primati: Žao nam je, ne primamo kreditne kartice.
accept: Will you accept traveler's checks?
primati: Da li primate putničke čekove?
access: Can I access the Internet here?
access: Where can I access the Internet?
Pristupiti: Gde mogu da pristupim Internetu?
account: You have no money on your account.
account: I'd like to open an account.
boy, pop! I wish I could see those terrific wrestling matches!
Me too, Arch, but it's a sell out! It's impossible to get a ticket!
Yes! It's a big grudge fight between the Masked Mangler and Rotten Roddy!
Would you believe I was the wrestling champ of my high school? I was known as a Tiger Tate!
Sure pop Tate delivers! Okay! One rush order of hamburgers coming over!
I personally want to deliver this order myself...It's to the wrestling arena...Please watch the store!
Pređite mišem preko da čujete izgovor!
I will keep the motor running!
admission: How much is admission?
The drink is on me!
Ulaz: Koliko košta ulaz ?


text:
Hamas and Fatah Already Fighting Over Gaza Funds
https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/4716/hamas-fatah-gaza-money
Translations of this item:
"Armed robbery in broad daylight." — Palestinians, after Hamas "seized" $750,000 from Gaza bank.
Fatah accused Hamas of "squandering" $700 million of financial aid earmarked for the Palestinian victims of war. Fatah wants to ensure that the millions of dollars intended for the Gaza Strip will pass through its hands and not end up in Hamas's bank accounts. Relying on Fatah in this regard is like asking a cat to guard the milk.
The head of the Palestinian Authority's Anti-Corruption Commission revealed that his group has retrieved $70 million of public funds fund embezzled by Palestinian officials. Arab and Western donors need to make sure that their money does not end up (once again) in the wrong hands. Without a proper mechanism of accountability and transparency, hundreds of millions of dollars are likely to find their way into the bank accounts of both Hamas and Fatah leaders.
As efforts are underway to hold an international conference in Cairo for the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip in the aftermath of Operation Protective Edge, the two major Palestinian parties, Hamas and Fatah, are already accusing each other of stealing funds that were channeled to help Palestinian families.
It is not clear at this stage how much money has made its way into the Gaza Strip since the Egypt-brokered cease-fire was announced late August.
But it is clear by now that both Hamas and Fatah are engaged in a fight over who will control the funds and assume responsibility for the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip.
The war between Hamas and Fatah over the funds earmarked for the residents of the Gaza Strip is being fought over every penny and dollar. This is a power struggle in which the only losers are those Palestinians who lost their homes and family members during the military confrontation with Israel.
Hamas and Fatah know that hundreds of millions of dollars will sooner or later be allocated by Arab and Western donors for the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip. The two parties are determined to lay their hands on the funds, knowing that he who controls the money controls the people.
Both Hamas and Fatah are desperate for cash and are ready to do everything to enrich their coffers, even if that means robbing a bank.
This is exactly what Hamas did last week. Sources in the Gaza Strip said that Hamas security officers raided the Bank of Palestine in Gaza City's Rimal neighborhood and "seized" $750,000 in cash.
The sources said that the cash belonged to the Palestinian Jawwal Cellular Company. They said that the raid on the bank came on the pretext that the company had not paid all its tax debts to Hamas. Palestinians in the Gaza Strip described the raid as an "armed robbery in broad daylight."
The "armed robbery" came shortly after Fatah accused Hamas of "squandering" $700 million of financial aid earmarked for the Palestinian victims of the war. It is not clear where this large sum came from.
Fatah spokesman Ahmed Assaf claimed in an interview with an Egyptian TV station that the funds were donations from many countries. He said that Hamas collected the donations "in the name of children, women and the elderly under the pretext of rebuilding what was destroyed by Israel." The money, he added, did not reach its destination.
Assaf's charges are seen as part of a Fatah-orchestrated campaign to prevent donors from dealing with Hamas. Fatah wants to ensure that the millions of dollars intended for the Gaza Strip will pass through its hands and not end up in Hamas's bank accounts.
During the military confrontation, Fatah leaders in Ramallah issued a strong condemnation of Hamas. They said the Islamist movement was stealing relief aid dispatched to the Gaza Strip and distributing it among its followers in mosques.
But then who said that Fatah could be trusted when it comes to distributing financial aid? Relying on Fatah in this regard is like asking a cat to guard the milk.
The 20-year-old Fatah-dominated Palestinian Authority [PA] is notorious for its financial and administrative corruption.
Earlier this month, Rafik Natsheh, head of the PA's Anti-Corruption Commission, revealed that his department has managed to retrieve $70 million of public funds embezzled by Palestinian officials. He also said that his department uncovered 60 more cases of financial corruption in 2013.
But what is most notable is that some Fatah officials are now accusing their own supporters of stealing funds provided by the PA leadership to the Gaza Strip. A Fatah-affiliated news website revealed that Fatah leaders in the Gaza Strip have been distributing the funds among their family members and friends. The report said that Hamas officials also succeeded in laying their hands on the funds arriving from the office of the Palestinian Authority president in Ramallah.
A Fatah member in the Gaza Strip was quoted as saying, "A Palestinian Authority official bought chocolate for 300 Shekels ($90) while our men are being ignored and cannot afford to use public transportation or feed their children."
He and dozens of Fatah activists in the Gaza Strip wrote a letter to PA President Mahmoud Abbas, asking him to form a commission of inquiry into the embezzlement of financial aid meant for Palestinian families.
The rising tensions between Hamas and Fatah following the war do not bode well for efforts to achieve Palestinian "national unity."
Not only money: On Aug. 22, 2014, Hamas executed 26 Palestinians in Gaza who they claim "spied for Israel". Sources in Gaza revealed that some of the executed men belonged to Mahmoud Abbas's rival Fatah faction and had no connection with Israel. (Image source: Reuters video screenshot)
Some PLO leaders in Ramallah are now talking about a permanent split between the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a result of the Hamas-Fatah power struggle.
PLO Secretary-General Yasser Abed Rabbo said this week that the Gaza Strip was "closer than ever to being separated from the West Bank" due to the ongoing Fatah-Hamas rivalry.
However, what is at stake here is not only Palestinian "unity." Fatah and Hamas will continue to fight and quarrel over everything from financial to political and ideological issues. "Unity" is one victim of this power struggle. The other victim is the effort to rebuild the Gaza Strip and help its residents.
When they are not fighting over political and ideological matters, Hamas and Fatah are scrambling for money. Under the current circumstances, Arab and Western donors who are willing to contribute to helping the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip need to make sure that their money does not end up (once again) in the wrong hands. Without a proper mechanism of accountability and transparency, hundreds of millions of dollars are likely to find their way into the bank accounts of both Hamas and Fatah leaders.
Follow Khaled Abu Toameh on Twitter
Related Topics: Palestinian Authority
Recent Articles by Khaled Abu Toameh
The Hamas March to Destroy Israel, 2019-07-15
Why Palestinians Do Not Trust Their Leaders, 2019-07-11
Palestinians: "Hamas Is Not Afraid of Elections", 2019-07-01
Palestinians and the Bahrain Conference: Condemning Arabs While Asking for Arab Money, 2019-06-24
The Palestinian Leaders' War on Preventing Corruption, 2019-06-17
Michael • Sep 24, 2014 at 20:41
The theives accusing the theives of being bigger theives than they are.
BTW did you notice how similar the Hamas terrorists are dressed to their brothers, the ISIS terrorists?
Reply->
David Krebs • Sep 22, 2014 at 11:03
Since Hamas instigated the latest attacks at the behest of the Iranians why shouldn't the Iranians pay a significant percent of the monies
needed to rebuild Gaza?
Thomas • Sep 22, 2014 at 09:34
And you wonder why there are many throughout the world that don't trust Hamas or Fatah. This infighting leads to weakness, lack of trust, and death of innocents. They should be ashamed. Who can you trust in the Arab world right now to bring peace? No one. All of these gangs are interested in money to perpetuate death and destruction using your religion as a scapegoat. Why?
Elle Smith Fagan • Sep 21, 2014 at 13:58
Protection for the funds and creation of safe focused pathways to the victims should have been set up BEFORE one penny was sent. It is 2014 - we won't be forgiven for such errors.
Laurence Morrell • Sep 20, 2014 at 19:37
We all knew this would happen. All US citizens should contact their representatives in DC to let them know that no US funds should go to this endeavor. We have better use of the same dollars here at home.
Professor Nitza Nachmias • Sep 20, 2014 at 18:06
Your erudite discussion illuminated the sad condition in Gaza exacerbated by the role if UNRWA in Gaza. This UN agency could now receive hundreds of millions of dollars to rebuild its schools and health clinics , while this organization has been for years an arm of the Hamas. Many of UNRWA's employees are members of Hamas, and UNRWA schools follow a curriculum dictated by Hamas. The donors have to know these facts and donate the money to the PA under extreme scrutiny and full transparency and accountability.
John • Sep 20, 2014 at 10:42
Typical third world tribesmen filling their own bank accounts with money destined for the people. Never stops and yet the West continues to give them money and they continue to use it to buy guns and weapons while the children starve.
Andrew H. • Sep 20, 2014 at 07:57
By not finishing the so-called Protective Edge war and eliminating Hamas, Israel has done a dangerous disservice to its own citizens as well as to all Palestinians.
Arab • Sep 20, 2014 at 06:13
I am an Arab (non Jewish, non Israeli) and I am not surprised with these facts.
I also checked the links Mr. Khaled Abu Toameh inserted in this article (in Arabic) and found them identical to what he wrote (no apologies for attempts to verify facts). Thank you Mr. Abu Toameh.
I will extract only ONE conclusion not only from this article but also from everything that has been happening : Palestinians are better off under Israeli flag. We need to be blind to miss that.
David Arab • Sep 20, 2014 at 21:22
Hamas, having deliberately trashed Gaza for no purpose other than to flex their muscles is now begging to be trusted to rebuild, so they can trash Gaza again.
Doesn't anyone see something wrong with this picture? Let their peace-loving partners Qatar, Turkey and Iran rebuild Gaza. Others who give money are merely throwing away money.
FREE WALEED ABULKHAIR!
In 2014, Waleed Abulkhair, a Saudi Arabian human rights lawyer, was sent to prison on a 15-year sentence for signing a petition calling for democracy, and for criticizing the Saudi Arabian government on various news outlets and on Twitter.


text:
COMPLETE SUCCESS
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Reading Comprehension Set 42
Leave a Comment / Reading Comprehension / By Complete Success
Directions (Q.1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them.
The Karnataka government's decision to file an appeal against the acquittal of the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, Jayalalithaa, is bound to be welcomed by all those who valueprobity in public life and believe that the courts are the right forums to take forward issues relating to corruption in high places. The Congress dispensation in Karnataka understandably took its time to arrive at a decision on whether to file an appeal in the Supreme Court. It has gone by sound legal principles by examining the recommendations of the Special Public Prosecutor, the State's Advocate-General and the Law Department. The primary question it had to contend with was raised by the legal wing of the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee itself: what is Karnataka's interest in the outcome of the case? The argument was that the State had already discharged its duty by hosting the trial in Bengaluru, appointing a Special Judge and Special Public Prosecutor, obtaining a conviction in the trial stage and seeing it overturned by the High Court. Should the State go beyond this specified administrative function by filing an appeal in the Supreme Court, taking on the role of an aggrieved party? The question may appear valid, but to abandon a legal process midway is also untenable. The Supreme Court has made it clear that Karnataka is now playing the role of the prosecuting State and has stepped into the shoes of Tamil Nadu. Its duty now includes taking up the mantle of the aggrieved party and pursuing the legal process to its logical end.
Moreover, the Karnataka High Court judgment acquitting the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister is widely seen as flawed in many respects, especially in the computation of the quantum of 'disproportionate assets' that ultimately formed the basis of her acquittal. Special Public Prosecutor B.V. Acharya has said the arithmetical errors are glaringly obvious. Some aspects of the High Court's reasoning are controversial: it has included cash gifts of high value as legitimate income and given credence to a newspaper subscription scheme that had been termed fake by the trial court. It has gone zealously by a 1976 Supreme Court ruling that unexplained assets up to the value of 10 per cent of known income is acceptable, even though the anti-corruption law has since been amended to make disclosure as per statutory requirements the standard to assess legitimate income. The prosecution believes revisiting the computation itself will propel the quantum of 'disproportionate assets' beyond this 10 per cent limit. Overall, it will be in the public interest to have an authoritative pronouncement by the highest court on whether the trial court or the High Court was right in appreciating all the evidence. It will also be in Ms. Jayalalithaa's own interest that her exoneration — if she succeeds in sustaining it — is a vindication that clears her political path rather than one that depends on a conclusion seen to be perennially under dispute and in the realms of legal debate.
Q.1.Choose an appropriate title for the passage.
1) The Right Decision
2) Decision That Prevailed
3) From Corruption to Judiciary
4) Hanging Decision
5) Decision Without Message
Q.2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A) Special Public Prosecutor B.V. Acharya has said the arithmetical errors are glaringly obvious.
B) The Supreme Court has made it clear that Karnataka is now playing the role of the prosecuting State and has stepped into the shoes of Tamil Nadu.
C) The Karnataka High Court judgment acquitting the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister is widely seen as unflawed in many respects.
1) Only C and A
2) Only B and C
3) Only A and B
4) All A, B and C
5) None of these
Q.3.What is the reason that acquittal of Jaylalitha is considered to be flawed?
1) Its because such decision came from one of the Apex Court.
2) It is due to the computation of the quantum of 'disproportionate assets' that ultimately formed the basis of her acquittal.
3) The court's decision that she should be acquitted
4) An Apex court is always considered to be unbiasesd and decide in fovour of public.
5) None of the above
Q.4.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A) Should the State go beyond this specified administrative function by filing an appeal in the Supreme Court, taking on the role of an aggrieved party
B) It will be in the public interest to have an authoritative pronouncement by the highest court on whether the trial court or the High Court was right in appreciating all the evidence.
C) Some aspects of the High Court's reasoning are controversial.
1) Only A
2) Only B
3) Only C
Q.5.What does the author mean by the phrase "abandon a legal process midway is also untenable"?
1) Leave the party strangled.
2) Leave a legal process without any judgment.
3) Leave a legal process in the middle of controversy
4) Left the box open for others.
Q.6.Which of the following is not the synonym of the word "probity"?
1) Dishonest
2) Wistful
3) Guile
4) Pathos
Q.7.Which of the following is not the synonym of the word "acquittal"?
1) Verbose
2) Venal
3) Conviction
4) Difference
Q.8.Which of the following is the synonym of the word "aggrieved"?
1) Truculence
2) Unfeigned
3) Succor
4) Resentful
5) All of the above
Q.9.Which of the following is the synonym of the word "credence"?
1) Stint
2) Repine
3) Reliance
4) Quibble
Q.10.Which of the following is the synonym of the word "vindication"?
1) Exculpate
2) Glimpse
3) Barr
4) Blunder
5) Tackle
Copyright © 2021 COMPLETE SUCCESS


We will always visit you in person to ensure you get the best possible advice and so we have first-hand experience of your requirements, this will provide you with a competitive and accurate quote. Once we have viewed your project, we will provide you with a detailed, no-obligation quote.
We are happy to help with choice of colours or wall coverings you require.


The commute of one worker, 1768 feet straight up. Don't watch this if you are afraid of heights! Best in "Full Screen" mode.
A video with a the camera on the helmet of a climber going up to the top of a broadcast tower - 1768 feet (538 m) high. It's a free climb, which means he's not using a safety line while climbing. It is faster and less tiring. But one little slip and … it's a long way down.


On June 16, Fleet Foxes will release Crack-Up (Nonesuch Records), its long awaited and highly anticipated third album. Crack-Up comes six years after the 2011 release of Helplessness Blues and nearly a decade since the band's 2008 self-titled debut. Fleet Foxes has released the album track "Third of May / Ōdaigahara," a nearly nine-minute epic powered by piano and electric twelve-string guitar, string quartet, and the group's trademark sparkling harmonies. In addition, the band has announced new tour dates, including their first North American shows since October 2011. More tour information, including North American ticket pre-sale*, is provided below. Crack-Up pre-orders are available now from iTunes and nonesuch.com, where "Third of May / Ōdaigahara" may be downloaded instantly. Pre-orders of the album at nonesuch.com also include an exclusive, limited-edition print featuring artwork by Hiroshi Hamaya.
All eleven of the songs on Crack-Up were written by Robin Pecknold. The album was co-produced by Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset, his longtime bandmate, collaborator, and childhood friend. Crack-Up was recorded at various locations across the United States between July 2016 and January 2017: at Electric Lady Studios, Sear Sound, The Void, Rare Book Room, Avast, and The Unknown. Phil Ek mixed the album, at Sear Sound, and it was mastered by Greg Calbi at Sterling Sound. Fleet Foxes is Robin Pecknold (vocals, multi-instrumentalist), Skyler Skjelset (multi-instrumentalist, vocals), Casey Wescott (multi-instrumentalist, vocals), Christian Wargo (multi-instrumentalist, vocals), and Morgan Henderson (multi-instrumentalist).
* Most North American venues will offer ticket buyers the ability to add the new album to their purchase as an LP, CD, or digital pre-order.
Previous Pip Blom announces single 'I Think I'm In Love'!


On Dec. 14, 2012, 20-year-old Adam Lanza went on a shooting rampage at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. Before the massacre, Adam fatally shot his mother Nancy. As first responders arrived at the school, he shot himself in the head. It was one of the deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history and prompted a national debate about gun control.
More than a year after the shooting, Peter described his son's upbringing. He said that by the time Adam entered middle school, "it was crystal clear something was wrong." Adam was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, but his father thinks that had little to do with the eventual shootings. "Asperger's makes people unusual, but it doesn't make people like this," he told Solomon.


text:
Q: Two numbers in a cell of a dataframe, trying to convert them in the mean This image was extracted of a dataframe.

     col1                                                  col2
0   Apple iPhone X - 64GB - Gris Espacial (Libre)          319,00
1   IPHONE X 64GB/256GB, ENVIO DESDE ESPAÑA, GARAN.        355,00 459,00

What i would like to do is:
Convert the cell 355.00 459.00 in the mean of the two numbers, there are more cells with two numbers, always two, that I would like to change in the same way so I would like to make a piece of code for all the situatios where there are more than a number.
       col1                                               col2
0   Apple iPhone X - 64GB - Gris Espacial (Libre)         319,00
1   IPHONE X 64GB/256GB, ENVIO DESDE ESPAÑA, GARAN.       407

Thanks.

A: Try converting the string representation into a list of floats. Check the to_floats methods for a solution. Split by blanks. Replace , with . to make it parseable by float. A cell in pandas can contain a lists. We take the mean of that list of floats using np.mean:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({ 'c' : ['1,0 2,0', '3,0'] })

def to_floats(s):
    '''Helper method to convert a string containing multiple
    numbers with commas into a list of floats.'''
    return [float(x.replace(',', '.')) for x in s.split()]

df['c'] = df['c'].apply(lambda x: np.mean(to_floats(x)))

If the column contains empty strings '' they are converted to NaN. You need to decide if this makes sense for your application or not.

A: In pandas, you can do the following

*

*If the data in the cell is in object.str format then, convert them into list of ints for each cell

*Now check if the length of the list in each cell. If lenght is more than 1 then take mean of it otherwise just take the only element in the list.

def col2_transformation(cell_data):
    # I am assuming that cell data is in string format
    #   and numbers are separated by space
    if ' ' in cell_data:
        int_list = list(map(int, cell_data.split(' '))
        return sum(int_list) / len(int_list)
    elif cell_data:
        return int(cell_data)
    else:
        return 0 # setting a default value in case input is None

df['col2'] = df['col2'].map(col2_transformation)


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