text:
Ami Toben
Thoughts and musings from a hyperactive mind
The Kalam Cosmological Argument
The Kalam Cosmological Argument is one of the more nuanced arguments for the existence of god, and one that has been enjoying a revival in recent years. One of the big appeals that nuanced arguments have is that they tend to do a better job at masking the logical fallacies they contain; thereby making them appear more convincing. The argument is somewhat based on Aristotle's cosmological argument, but was first used in its current format by Muslim scholars in the Middle Ages. It was later introduced to the Christian tradition through individuals like Thomas Aquinas.
Here is the argument:
1. Everything that has a beginning of its existence has a cause of its existence;
2. The universe has a beginning of its existence;
3. The universe has a cause of its existence.
As you can see, this isn't, strictly speaking, a religious argument. It is, as its name indicates, a cosmological argument about the universe having a cause. This is one of the things that make this argument so nuanced – the fact that it has a non religious conclusion. Many religious apologists often point out that most of the opposition to the Kalam argument comes from confused atheists who don't even understand it's not an argument for the existence of god. This, however, is usually a ploy, since the only people who seem to use this argument are religious apologists who are actually trying to argue for the existence of god – they just do it in a creative two-part way. The easiest way not to fall for this ploy is to simply say that since the argument is not a religious one, it's not relevant to a religious debate.
The way the argument gets tied up to religion is when two more steps are eventually added to the original form. This is either done directly or in an implied way, and usually looks something like this:
4. Therefore, the cause of the existence of the universe is god;
5. Therefore, god exists.
A good way to go about debating this argument is by taking it on one part at a time, so let's begin with the firs part – the original form.
It might not be too obvious at first glance, but the idea that the universe has a cause because everything which begins to exist has a cause, is logically flawed. The easiest way to uncover the logical mistake here is to ask the simple question 'How do you know?' I recommend you ask this question as often as you can, since it's one of the fastest ways of cutting to the problematic core of many religious arguments. When applied to the Kalam argument, there are, it turns out, only two ways this question gets answered – each leading to a different logical fallacy.
The first way is by appealing to observational evidence, and pointing out that everything we see had a beginning, and a cause for that beginning. One of the most famous proponents of this argument, the philosopher William Lane Craig, had said that this is "constantly confirmed in our experience, which provides atheists who are scientific naturalists with the strongest of motivations to accept it". This might sound true enough (unless you're into quantum physics, that is), but the problem here is that everything we can observe or experience is, by definition, observed and experienced within the framework of the known universe. Trying to explain the origin of a framework based on things that are contained within it, is a type of Composition fallacy. A Composition fallacy happens when you infer that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of a part of that whole, or even of all of its parts. Everything we know of might have a beginning, and a cause for that beginning, but we only know of things that are contained within the universe. To establish a characteristic for the framework of the universe itself, based on the characteristics of the things it contains is a logical mistake. In much the same way, we can establish that every single brick in a wall weighs three pounds, but to then say that the wall itself weighs three pounds, based solely on the fact that every one of its bricks weighs that much, is obviously wrong.
The second way this question is answered is by stating that even without observational evidence, by means of philosophical inference alone, it can be asserted that things – all things – do not simply begin to exist out of nothing. The above mentioned Dr. Craig puts it as something that is "rooted in the metaphysical intuition that something cannot come into being from nothing". This, once again, might intuitively sound true enough to most people (unless you're into quantum physics again), but there is another logical flaw here. To assert as a premise that every beginning has a distinct cause, is to assume a conclusion – which is a Question Begging fallacy. The fallacy of Begging The Question is a subtle type of Circular Argument, where the conclusion that you are attempting to prove is indirectly concealed within one or more of the initial premises. The main problem with the Kalam argument is that it attempts to make an arbitrary separation between Everything and The Universe. The term Universe is another way of referring to everything – or at least everything we currently know about. When we learn about something new we didn't know existed before, we don't say it's a thing that's outside of the universe, we expand our definition of what the universe is. In this sense, the terms Everything and Universe are interchangeable. So the way this plays out here is:
2. The universe (i.e. Everything) has a beginning of its existence;
3. The universe (i.e. Everything) has a cause of its existence.
This, as you can see, is a simple case of repeating the premise as a conclusion; and a conclusion simply cannot logically supports itself by itself in this way. If this sounds a bit confusing, try, once again, to ask (or beg) the simple question, 'How do you know?' How do you know the universe has a cause for its beginning? If the answer is "Because everything that has a beginning, has a cause for its beginning", then the premise is identical to the conclusion, isn't it?
One of the reasons that many people become confused into accepting the Kalam argument is because they believe observational information and metaphysical intuitions mutually support each other here, rather than pile one logical fallacy on top of another. It's also not uncommon to see people (like Craig) try to subsequently wiggle out of the Composition fallacy, only to wiggle right into the Question Begging fallacy, and vice versa. Craig himself has a celebrated YouTube video where he tries to refute the refutations of the Kalam argument. The video is full of these back-and-forth jumps from one fallacy to another, and also contains some miscategorizations of the kalam argument in order to evade a collision with a fallacy. In one miscategorization, Craig asserts that the Kalam argument doesn't commit a Composition fallacy because it appeals to a scientifically inductive inference about the members of a single class, rather than to reasoning by composition. But this completely ignores the fact that parts of a whole are not in the same class of the whole itself.
Now let's move on to the followup points to the Kalam argument – the points that make it a religious argument:
The problem here is that nothing has been presented in order to connect god to the universe's beginning. It's simply assumed that one leads to the other, which is a classic Non Sequitur fallacy. Again, all you need to do is ask 'How do you know?' How do you know the universe wasn't caused by another cause, which was caused by another cause, which was caused by a deity? How do you know it wasn't caused by something other than a deity? You don't. You're just leaping to the conclusion that a supernatural deity did it – asserting what must first be established, connected and then proven. And if the answer to this question takes the form of "What else could have caused it?" or "Can you prove it wasn't god?", then all you're left with is an Argument From Ignorance, which is yet another logical fallacy.
June 14, 2014 May 31, 2016 Ami TobenUncategorized
4 thoughts on "The Kalam Cosmological Argument"
Boxing Pythagoras
Very nice article! My only critique would be that I don't agree that Dr. Craig is question-begging. That would imply something more along the lines of (1) the universe had a cause, therefore (2) the universe had a cause.
Instead, Dr. Craig is saying that (1) any entity which begins to exist has a cause, and that (2) the universe is an entity which began to exist. If these premises hold, Dr. Craig would be correct to assert as a conclusion (3) therefore, the universe has a cause. However, both of these initial premises have problems– not the least of which is the Composition Fallacy which you aptly pointed out.
Do you think I got it wrong then when I equated "the universe" to "everything"?
In Craig's argument, the universe is not defined as "everything," but rather as "the whole of material reality." There actually is a bit of question-begging, here, as Craig assumes that something other than material reality can exist without demonstrating that premise.
That's one of his tricks, as you have pointed out much better than I could have. It really comes down to how we define reality, and whether or not there's anything real which ISN'T contained in the universe. Every time we learn about something new – something we didn't know was contained in the universe – we don't say it's outside of the universe, we simply expand our definition/understanding of what the universe is. I think Dark Matter and Dark Energy are perfect examples of this. We can't consider them to be part of what we used to understand as "material reality", and yet, they're part of the universe.
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namespace blink {
class ExceptionState;
class ExecutionContext;
class TaskControllerInit;

class MODULES_EXPORT DOMTaskController final : public AbortController {
  DEFINE_WRAPPERTYPEINFO();

 public:
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  DOMTaskController(ExecutionContext*, const AtomicString& priority);

  void setPriority(const AtomicString& priority, ExceptionState&);
};

}  // namespace blink

#endif  // THIRD_PARTY_BLINK_RENDERER_MODULES_SCHEDULER_DOM_TASK_CONTROLLER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Катала́нская (Катало́нская) Википе́дия () — раздел Википедии на каталанском языке, созданный 17 марта 2001 года.

Статистика
По состоянию на    года каталанский раздел Википедии содержит  . Зарегистрировано  , из них  совершили какое-либо действие за последние 30 дней,   имеют статус администратора. Общее число правок составляет .

История
Каталонская Википедия является хронологически третьим разделом Википедии, он создан всего лишь через несколько минут после основания немецкой Википедии.

16 марта 2001 года Джимми Уэйлс заявил, что он стремится создать Википедии и на других языках, в частности он также заинтересован и в создании каталонского раздела. Первые испытания были осуществлены на Немецкой Википедии и через несколько минут была создана каталонская Википедия на домене сatalan.wikipedia.com.

Первой правкой в неанглийской части Википедии была правка в каталонском разделе в 21:07 UTC 16 марта 2001 года. Первая неанглийская статья была создана также в каталонской Википедии —  — «Абак» в 1:41 UTC 17 марта 2001 года.

Через некоторое время домен был изменён на ca.wikipedia.com, а впоследствии на ca.wikipedia.org. С 2003 года сообщество википедистов начало использовать название Viquipèdia, когда речь шла о каталаноязычном разделе Википедии.

Вероятнее всего, первым зарегистрированным участником каталонского раздела был AstroNomer, который однако не оставил после себя весомого вклада. Первым википедистом каталонской Википедии можно считать пользователя .

Несмотря на то что раздел был одним из первых разделов не на английском языке, отметка в 10 тысяч статей была достигнута лишь 16 ноября 2004 года.

Важные даты в истории:
 20 000 — 19 ноября 2005 года
 30 000 — 6 мая 2006 года
 40 000 — 20 сентября 2006 года
 50 000 — 4 января 2007 года
 100 000 — 18 января 2008 года
 150 000 — 28 декабря 2008 года
 200 000 — 21 сентября 2009 года
 250 000 — 30 июня 2010 года
 300 000 — 21 декабря 2010 года
 350 000 — 26 августа 2011 года
 400 000 — 12 апреля 2013 года
 450 000 — 3 февраля 2015 года
 500 000 — 11 марта 2016 года
 600 000 — 8 января 2019 года
 700 000 — 24 апреля 2022 года

В Каталонском разделе в течение долгого времени шла работа над доработкой статей из списка статей, которые должны быть во всех языковых версиях. В результате в начале 2010 года каталонская Википедия сплочённой вышла на первое место среди всех языковых разделов по показателю качества, высчитываемого на основе этого списка.

Обвинения в ненейтральности
Каталанская википедия не раз становилась объектом внимания со стороны испанских СМИ, которые обвиняли её в продвижении националистических, антииспанских идей в ущерб нейтральности и энциклопедичности. Для каталонской википедии типично частое использование флагов и расцветок Каталонии, Валенсии, восточных Пиренеев и Балеарских островов вместе с упоминанием известных политических и культурных деятелей, которые в других языковых разделах упоминаются, как испанские или реже французские граждане. Было замечено, что в статьях на каталонском языке сами Каталония и Валенсия называются государствами, на чью территориальную целостность посягает Испания, хотя в остальных языковых разделах Каталония и Валенсия признаны регионами Испании. Статьи, связанные с историей Испании и Каталонии в целом нарушают нейтральность и представляют Испанию в роли агрессора.

Антииспанские настроения распространяются и на администраторов каталанского раздела, которые ставят защиту на статьи со спорной темой и занимаются массовой блокировкой происпанских или даже просто испанских участников без предупреждения, даже если те не нарушали правила проекта. Блокировка даже может последовать за использование испанского языка в странице обсуждения или форуме, хотя участника не будут наказывать за использования иного языка, кроме испанского. Одновременно сама испанская википедия считается гораздо более нейтральной и беспристрастной в исторических и политических вопросах во многом благодаря тому, что многие статьи на спорные темы были составлены в рамках консенсуса между происпанскими и прокаталанскими пользователями. Каталонская википедия же наоборот представляет исключительно прокаталанскую точку зрения.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Каталанская Википедия

Каталанский
Каталанский язык
Сайты, появившиеся в 2001 году

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Researchers explored whether illuminating gillnets could reduce the accidental bycatch of marine animals like sharks, rays, and squid.
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Scientists wanted to see if protecting an area of UK seabed from destructive fishing would help it be stronger against extreme storms caused by climate change.
How much plastic from the pandemic ends up in the ocean?
Researchers wanted to find out how much extra plastic waste from the pandemic has entered the ocean.
How can we reduce our environmental footprint one food at a time?
Scientists investigated the impact of single-food substitutions on carbon emissions and water use.
How can we store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in minerals?
Researchers created a process that transforms carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into minerals that can be collected.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal: An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials
Truman J. Milling, Majed A. Refaai, Ravi Sarode, Brandon Lewis, Antoinette Mangione, Billie L. Durn, Amy Harman, Martin L. Lee, Joshua N. Goldstein
Objectives Clinicians often need to rapidly reverse vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in the setting of major hemorrhage or urgent need for surgery. Little is known about the safety profile of the traditional reversal agent, plasma, or the newly approved agent, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC), in a randomized setting. This is an integrated analysis of safety data from two clinical trials that evaluated 4F-PCC versus plasma for the treatment of patients requiring rapid VKA reversal for acute major bleeding or prior to an urgent surgical/invasive procedure. Methods This descriptive analysis comprised adverse event (AE) data from two phase IIIb, randomized, controlled trials. The bleeding and surgical studies were performed across 36 and 33 sites, respectively, in nine countries, with the integrated analysis comprising 388 patients (4F-PCC, n = 191; plasma, n = 197) aged ≥ 18 years, who required VKA reversal due to major bleeding or prior to an urgent surgical/invasive procedure. Patients received either 4F-PCC, containing nonactivated factors II, VII, IX, and X and proteins C and S (Beriplex/Kcentra, CSL Behring) or plasma, both dosed according to baseline international normalized ratio and body weight. Patients were also to receive vitamin K1. AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) were assessed up to days 10 and 45, respectively. Results The proportion of patients with AEs (4F-PCC, 115/191 [60.2%]; plasma, 124/197 [62.9%]) and SAEs (4F-PCC, 54/191 [28.3%]; plasma, 49/197 [24.9%]) was similar between groups. The proportion of patients with thromboembolic events was also similar between groups (4F-PCC, 14/191 [7.3%]; plasma, 14/197 [7.1%]). There were 13 (6.8%) deaths in the 4F-PCC group and 13 (6.6%) in the plasma group. Fluid overload events occurred in more patients in the plasma group than the 4F-PCC group (25 [12.7%] and 9 [4.7%], respectively). Conclusions These safety data represent the largest controlled assessment of a 4F-PCC to date. For patients requiring urgent VKA reversal, 4F-PCC had a safety profile similar to that of plasma (AEs, SAEs, thromboembolic events, and deaths), but was associated with fewer fluid overload events.
https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12911
10.1111/acem.12911
Dive into the research topics of 'Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal: An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
prothrombin complex concentrates Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Vitamin K Medicine & Life Sciences 81%
Clinical Trials Medicine & Life Sciences 45%
Safety Medicine & Life Sciences 40%
Hemorrhage Medicine & Life Sciences 18%
Vitamin K 1 Medicine & Life Sciences 10%
Factor VII Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Protein S Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Milling, T. J., Refaai, M. A., Sarode, R., Lewis, B., Mangione, A., Durn, B. L., Harman, A., Lee, M. L., & Goldstein, J. N. (2016). Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal: An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials. Academic Emergency Medicine, 23(4), 466-475. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12911
Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal : An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials. / Milling, Truman J.; Refaai, Majed A.; Sarode, Ravi et al.
In: Academic Emergency Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 4, 01.04.2016, p. 466-475.
Milling, TJ, Refaai, MA, Sarode, R, Lewis, B, Mangione, A, Durn, BL, Harman, A, Lee, ML & Goldstein, JN 2016, 'Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal: An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials', Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 466-475. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12911
Milling TJ, Refaai MA, Sarode R, Lewis B, Mangione A, Durn BL et al. Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal: An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2016 Apr 1;23(4):466-475. doi: 10.1111/acem.12911
Milling, Truman J. ; Refaai, Majed A. ; Sarode, Ravi et al. / Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal : An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials. In: Academic Emergency Medicine. 2016 ; Vol. 23, No. 4. pp. 466-475.
@article{b30fdd895e5740c4a64a760c19eaea06,
title = "Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal: An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials",
abstract = "Objectives Clinicians often need to rapidly reverse vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in the setting of major hemorrhage or urgent need for surgery. Little is known about the safety profile of the traditional reversal agent, plasma, or the newly approved agent, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC), in a randomized setting. This is an integrated analysis of safety data from two clinical trials that evaluated 4F-PCC versus plasma for the treatment of patients requiring rapid VKA reversal for acute major bleeding or prior to an urgent surgical/invasive procedure. Methods This descriptive analysis comprised adverse event (AE) data from two phase IIIb, randomized, controlled trials. The bleeding and surgical studies were performed across 36 and 33 sites, respectively, in nine countries, with the integrated analysis comprising 388 patients (4F-PCC, n = 191; plasma, n = 197) aged ≥ 18 years, who required VKA reversal due to major bleeding or prior to an urgent surgical/invasive procedure. Patients received either 4F-PCC, containing nonactivated factors II, VII, IX, and X and proteins C and S (Beriplex/Kcentra, CSL Behring) or plasma, both dosed according to baseline international normalized ratio and body weight. Patients were also to receive vitamin K1. AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) were assessed up to days 10 and 45, respectively. Results The proportion of patients with AEs (4F-PCC, 115/191 [60.2%]; plasma, 124/197 [62.9%]) and SAEs (4F-PCC, 54/191 [28.3%]; plasma, 49/197 [24.9%]) was similar between groups. The proportion of patients with thromboembolic events was also similar between groups (4F-PCC, 14/191 [7.3%]; plasma, 14/197 [7.1%]). There were 13 (6.8%) deaths in the 4F-PCC group and 13 (6.6%) in the plasma group. Fluid overload events occurred in more patients in the plasma group than the 4F-PCC group (25 [12.7%] and 9 [4.7%], respectively). Conclusions These safety data represent the largest controlled assessment of a 4F-PCC to date. For patients requiring urgent VKA reversal, 4F-PCC had a safety profile similar to that of plasma (AEs, SAEs, thromboembolic events, and deaths), but was associated with fewer fluid overload events.",
author = "Milling, {Truman J.} and Refaai, {Majed A.} and Ravi Sarode and Brandon Lewis and Antoinette Mangione and Durn, {Billie L.} and Amy Harman and Lee, {Martin L.} and Goldstein, {Joshua N.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.",
doi = "10.1111/acem.12911",
T1 - Safety of a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Versus Plasma for Vitamin K Antagonist Reversal
T2 - An Integrated Analysis of Two Phase IIIb Clinical Trials
AU - Milling, Truman J.
AU - Refaai, Majed A.
AU - Sarode, Ravi
AU - Lewis, Brandon
AU - Mangione, Antoinette
AU - Durn, Billie L.
AU - Harman, Amy
AU - Lee, Martin L.
AU - Goldstein, Joshua N.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
N2 - Objectives Clinicians often need to rapidly reverse vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in the setting of major hemorrhage or urgent need for surgery. Little is known about the safety profile of the traditional reversal agent, plasma, or the newly approved agent, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC), in a randomized setting. This is an integrated analysis of safety data from two clinical trials that evaluated 4F-PCC versus plasma for the treatment of patients requiring rapid VKA reversal for acute major bleeding or prior to an urgent surgical/invasive procedure. Methods This descriptive analysis comprised adverse event (AE) data from two phase IIIb, randomized, controlled trials. The bleeding and surgical studies were performed across 36 and 33 sites, respectively, in nine countries, with the integrated analysis comprising 388 patients (4F-PCC, n = 191; plasma, n = 197) aged ≥ 18 years, who required VKA reversal due to major bleeding or prior to an urgent surgical/invasive procedure. Patients received either 4F-PCC, containing nonactivated factors II, VII, IX, and X and proteins C and S (Beriplex/Kcentra, CSL Behring) or plasma, both dosed according to baseline international normalized ratio and body weight. Patients were also to receive vitamin K1. AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) were assessed up to days 10 and 45, respectively. Results The proportion of patients with AEs (4F-PCC, 115/191 [60.2%]; plasma, 124/197 [62.9%]) and SAEs (4F-PCC, 54/191 [28.3%]; plasma, 49/197 [24.9%]) was similar between groups. The proportion of patients with thromboembolic events was also similar between groups (4F-PCC, 14/191 [7.3%]; plasma, 14/197 [7.1%]). There were 13 (6.8%) deaths in the 4F-PCC group and 13 (6.6%) in the plasma group. Fluid overload events occurred in more patients in the plasma group than the 4F-PCC group (25 [12.7%] and 9 [4.7%], respectively). Conclusions These safety data represent the largest controlled assessment of a 4F-PCC to date. For patients requiring urgent VKA reversal, 4F-PCC had a safety profile similar to that of plasma (AEs, SAEs, thromboembolic events, and deaths), but was associated with fewer fluid overload events.
AB - Objectives Clinicians often need to rapidly reverse vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in the setting of major hemorrhage or urgent need for surgery. Little is known about the safety profile of the traditional reversal agent, plasma, or the newly approved agent, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC), in a randomized setting. This is an integrated analysis of safety data from two clinical trials that evaluated 4F-PCC versus plasma for the treatment of patients requiring rapid VKA reversal for acute major bleeding or prior to an urgent surgical/invasive procedure. Methods This descriptive analysis comprised adverse event (AE) data from two phase IIIb, randomized, controlled trials. The bleeding and surgical studies were performed across 36 and 33 sites, respectively, in nine countries, with the integrated analysis comprising 388 patients (4F-PCC, n = 191; plasma, n = 197) aged ≥ 18 years, who required VKA reversal due to major bleeding or prior to an urgent surgical/invasive procedure. Patients received either 4F-PCC, containing nonactivated factors II, VII, IX, and X and proteins C and S (Beriplex/Kcentra, CSL Behring) or plasma, both dosed according to baseline international normalized ratio and body weight. Patients were also to receive vitamin K1. AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) were assessed up to days 10 and 45, respectively. Results The proportion of patients with AEs (4F-PCC, 115/191 [60.2%]; plasma, 124/197 [62.9%]) and SAEs (4F-PCC, 54/191 [28.3%]; plasma, 49/197 [24.9%]) was similar between groups. The proportion of patients with thromboembolic events was also similar between groups (4F-PCC, 14/191 [7.3%]; plasma, 14/197 [7.1%]). There were 13 (6.8%) deaths in the 4F-PCC group and 13 (6.6%) in the plasma group. Fluid overload events occurred in more patients in the plasma group than the 4F-PCC group (25 [12.7%] and 9 [4.7%], respectively). Conclusions These safety data represent the largest controlled assessment of a 4F-PCC to date. For patients requiring urgent VKA reversal, 4F-PCC had a safety profile similar to that of plasma (AEs, SAEs, thromboembolic events, and deaths), but was associated with fewer fluid overload events.
U2 - 10.1111/acem.12911
DO - 10.1111/acem.12911


text:
SEEEEEEEGA
Sega and Microsoft are joining forces, but what does that mean for Xbox gamers?
Microsoft and Sega are tying the knot, figuratively at least.
Jez Corden
Source: @Klobrille on Twitter | Windows Central
This week, Sega announced in a press release that it is aligning with Microsoft strategically, to explore the future of games development. Sega remains a massive company, despite being an early casualty of the console war against Nintendo and Sony. Known for franchises like Sonic the Hedgehog, Yakuza, and Football Manager, Sega is one of Japan's most celebrated publishers worldwide. The firm has been ramping up its collaboration already with Microsoft and Xbox in recent years, and this latest collaboration is the next step.
For the sake of discussion, let's try to dissect the PR spiel and get to the bottom of what this could actually mean for both Sega fans and Xbox gamers.
Sega and Microsoft join forces
You can read the full press release in English here, but to summarize, Sega and its parent group Sega Sammy revealed that they've agreed "in principle," a partnership that will see Sega build its next generation of online games using Azure technology.
Sega goes on to describe its "Super Game" initiative while referencing "global online community" and "IP utilization" as key pillars. We can assume that this perhaps references online titles like Fortnite, Minecraft, and Super Smash Bros., which are all global and online games, full of the utilization of existing IP characters and franchises.
The biggest hurdle for Sega to grow its own "mega" online games is arguably cloud infrastructure, which this Azure partnership quite easily resolves.
It's quite clear that Sega has very large ambitions in the online space. The company has already seen a great deal of online success with franchises like Phantasy Star Online 2 and Football Manager, but it's quite apparent that they could do far more. PSO2 and Football Manager are large games, but they aren't in the same league as the likes of Fortnite and Minecraft, which is undoubtedly where Sega is setting its sights.
Sega also enjoys a ton of clout with their legacy brands, which are heavily underutilized right now I would argue. Franchises like Sonic still hold a ton of power and brand recognition, but the rate at which we see new games launch under this IP is anemic at best, and often fail to hit widespread acclaim to the same degree that Mario does, for comparison's sake. It's also not a stretch to imagine how the crime brawling Yakuza franchise could transition to online play, looking at Grand Theft Auto online.
The biggest hurdle for Sega to grow its own "mega" online games is arguably cloud infrastructure, which this Azure partnership quite easily resolves. The PR describes this as a partnership, however, and I've received many questions inquiring about what exactly it could mean for today's Xbox gamer.
What it actually means for Xbox
We're already seeing some "fruits" of Sega's partnership with Xbox already. Football Manager 2022 has only been announced for Xbox consoles thus far, with no PlayStation version on the horizon. It's somewhat wild, considering FM2022 is launching on practically everything, including iOS and Android, while sidestepping PlayStation entirely. FM2022 will also launch directly into Xbox Game Pass. This is a glimpse at exactly what this partnership means.
So, how exactly does this benefit Xbox? It's all about building relationships.
FM2022 will most likely hit PlayStation eventually, but it seems that Sega is at least prioritizing the development of at least some of its games on the Xbox platform. Phantasy Stay Online 2: New Genesis is only available on PlayStation in Japan, not the West, where it is exclusive to Xbox consoles. On the flip side, Sega's acclaimed Persona series remains exclusive to PlayStation for reasons not fully known, but this partnership could be another step in the journey towards getting that coveted JRPG title too.
I've seen many people detract from this partnership as meaning nothing for Xbox, and that was my initial assumption too. However, upon closer inspection, you'll notice that this deal was in fact brokered by Xbox, rather than Microsoft itself. Microsoft CVP Sarah Bond for Gaming Ecosystem and her team spearheaded this partnership for Xbox, and the technologies Xbox is deploying as part of Azure, Microsoft's cloud platform.
Source: SEGA Sonic Mania is the best Sonic game of recent times.
Sega hasn't been shy to utilize Xbox Game Pass to build up its franchises and IP. Streets of Rage IV and the entire Yakuza series remain key staples of the service, included in both the main Xbox Game Pass services as well as the cloud platform. Naturally, Microsoft will be paying Sega royalties for engagement on this, but it's clear to me that Sega is putting a bigger emphasis on engagement as it looks ahead to the future of its business. Bringing Yakuza to Xbox Game Pass increases the franchise's visibility, and if Sega was considering to build a multiplayer variant of its popular crime brawler, Xbox Game Pass and Azure is an obvious vehicle to scale that up rapidly.
The question of ongoing value Xbox Game Pass has for singleplayer games is somewhat questionable perhaps, but for multi-player games, there seems to be a wealth of data that suggest it only helps, rather than hinders. Microsoft hasn't been shy touting the success of Sea of Thieves via Xbox Game Pass, which the firm believes enjoyed buoyancy and increased virality as a result of its accessibility. Xbox Game Pass seems to create a "free to play" marketing effect for games that aren't actually free to play, and it allowed Sea of Thieves to enjoy the top spot on streaming platforms like Twitch, while also dominating sales charts on platforms like Steam. Microsoft will experiment with Halo Infinite's free-to-play multiplayer component too, no doubt adding extra benefits for Xbox Game Pass Ultimate subscribers.
So, how exactly does this benefit Xbox? It's all about building relationships. Sega is structured in such a way that its internal teams have a bit more independence than Western corporations may find familiar. Microsoft has also noted that Japan is its fastest-growing new market for Xbox user share, while also acknowledging that the lack of support from Japanese developers is hurting the platform among sectors of the Western market. Sega is a company with an enormous amount of clout, and if the partnership bears fruit for Sega, it will broadcast the power of Azure and Xbox Game Pass over to other corporations in the region, many of whom Microsoft has historically struggled to crack.
Source: Xbox Game Studios Age of Empires IV dominated Steam this week, built in partnership with Sega's Relic studio.
It's a deal that will ramp up over time, with consistent benefits for both Sega and Xbox gamers, and hopefully Japanese game development in general.
What we'll see is a gradual upswell of support and Xbox-first preferential treatment, similarly to what we've seen with PSO2 and Football Manager 2022. We'll also see pervasive partnerships on exclusive games at a greater frequency too, after the blockbuster success of Age of Empires IV, co-developed by Sega's Relic studio. Microsoft has also worked with other Sega studios on exclusives in the past, such as Creative Assembly on Halo Wars 2 (we need Halo Wars 3, please). We could also see this future "Super Game" initiative launch first on Xbox consoles, as a result of Sega's deal with Azure, similarly to how Sony has Square Enix's Final Fantasy XIV locked down to PlayStation right now.
Moving forward, we'll see Microsoft gradually increase its investment and visibility in the region too. More Microsoft money in Japan means more Xbox marketing, more personnel, more tech evangelism, and more services. If the Bethesda acquisition was more of a sprint, you can think of this as more of a marathon. It's a deal that will ramp up over time, with consistent benefits for both Sega and Xbox gamers, and hopefully Japanese game development in general. Microsoft is the biggest company on Earth, and its mission statement is "empower others to achieve more." Few platforms have more technical capability to do that than Azure.
Microsoft's ambitions are clear
Microsoft is already the biggest company in the world, recently once again surpassing Apple as one of the few companies worth over a trillion dollars on stock markets. It wants to be the biggest gaming platform in the world too, with Xbox and Xbox Game Pass on the consumer side, and Azure and PlayFab on the developer side.
Microsoft is also responding to criticism from Xbox fans over the lack of support from Japanese developers on the platform. The situation has undoubtedly improved in recent years, but this is another milestone at getting more investment and more employees into Japan, building up a partnership ecosystem around the unique technologies and services only Microsoft can offer.
We're not going to see Sega suddenly abandon other platforms, and we're not going to see exclusive Sonic the Hedgehog games on Xbox, but what we are going to see is preferential treatment, a heap of Xbox Game Pass utilization, and more exclusive partner projects like Age of Empires IV and Halo Wars 2, all of which envisage a future of device-agnostic game development that scales to hundreds of millions of users, rather than tens of millions. This partnership should be a good thing for all concerned, especially Xbox gamers, who have never enjoyed this much investment from Microsoft's corporate level. And in some ways, you have Azure to thank, which anchors Xbox and game development as a key pillar in the main driver of Microsoft's corporate growth and shareholder ambitions — without screwing consumers in the process. Imagine that.
A huge thank you to @Klobrille for the awesome Microsoft x Sega art work!
Review: XPG's DDR5-6000 RAM kit is super-fast but will decimate your wallet
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text:
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We expect each fundraising agent to be able to provide clear and factual information about Heart Research Australia, explain how the money raised is to be used and answer questions in an informed manner.
Fundraising agents working on behalf of Heart Research Australia can be recognised in the following way:
Agents will introduce themselves by stating "I am calling on behalf of Heart Research Australia from [agency name]"
Agents will offer a contact telephone number for both Heart Research Australia and their agency upon request
Agents will offer a reference or ID number on all calls
Agents will offer both the Heart Research Australia Charitable Fundraising Number and ABN on request
You can read the terms and conditions applicable to our raffle fundraising program here.
12.1 What can I do if I have a concern?
If at any time you have a concern about the way in which a fundraiser is operating, you should contact the Heart Research Australia:
13. Donor Rights
Heart Research Australia values each and every person who donates to our organisation.
To ensure that donors and prospective donors can have full confidence in Heart Research Australia, we declare that all donors have these rights.
To be informed of the organisation's mission, of the way the organisation intends to use donated resources, and of its capacity to use donations effectively for their intended purposes. To be informed of the identity of those serving on the organisation's governing Board, and to expect the Board to exercise prudent judgment in its responsibilities.
To have access to the organisation's most recent annual financial statements.
To be assured their gifts will be used for the purposes for which they were given and of their status regarding tax deductibility.
To receive appropriate acknowledgement and recognition with the donor's permission.
To be assured that information about individual donors is covered by the organisation's privacy policy, and that all donors have clear and easy access to that policy.
To expect that all relationships with donors will be professional in nature.
To be informed whether those seeking donations are volunteers, employees of the organisation or hired agents.
To have your name deleted from mailing lists and calling lists upon your request.
To feel free to ask questions when making a donation and to receive prompt, truthful and transparent answers.
14. Website Security Statement
14.1 Website traffic
We use Google Analytics to track visits to our website. This information helps us assess the effectiveness of the site. Types of data collected include visits, length of visit, viewed pages and the technical capabilities of our visitors. These statistics will not identify you as an individual. For more information read Google's Privacy Policy
14.2 Security
We use a highly secure internet connection to protect against the loss, misuse, and alteration of any information we receive from you. However, as with any transmission over the internet, there is always some element of risk in sending personal information.
14.3 Cookies
A cookie is a small text file that is transferred to your computer when you visit a website. The cookie stores information about the use of the site.
Most web browsers are set to accept cookies. If you do not want cookies to be used, please adjust your browser to disable them. Note that you will then be unable to use the secure section of our site.
We do not use cookies in any way that can identify you when you are in the public section of our site. If you use the secure section of the site, then we use cookies in a number of ways, including:
to assist in identification
to ensure you are not shown promotional material you have already seen while visiting the site.
This website is owned and operated by Heart Research Australia. Information on this website is provided for general information only. Information should be used in conjunction with specific medical advice from your cardiologist, cardiac surgeon, rehabilitation team, or other qualified health professionals who can determine your individual medical needs.
14.5 Acknowledgements
Content on this website has been developed by the Fundraising, Marketing and Communications Department of Heart Research Australia, in consultation with qualified professionals in heart disease research, prevention, treatment, education and rehabilitation.
We acknowledge the contributions of many people and organisations. In particular, we acknowledge the Department of Cardiology and the North Shore Cardiovascular Centre at Sydney's Royal North Shore Hospital.
14.6 Ownership
The information, text materials, graphics, logos, button icons, images, video and audio clips, trademarks, graphics, and website 'look and feel' are owned by Heart Research Australia, unless otherwise expressly stated.
Where research or reference material, text or illustrative material is not owned by Heart Research Australia, the author is acknowledged at the end of the page, or where the reference occurred.
Heart Research Australia's logo and name are trademarks of Heart Research Australia, and may not be used as part of your business, or in connection with any goods or services, or any fundraising on our behalf without the prior written consent of Heart Research Australia.
14.7 Use of content
You must not modify, copy, reproduce, publish, frame, upload to a third party, transmit or distribute in any way any of the content of this website without the prior written consent of Heart Research Australia or other named copyright owner, unless the use is by an educational institution for educational purposes, or for personal and non-commercial use.
Heart Research Australia ABN 62 002 839 072 ACN 002 839 072
Incorporated as a public company limited by guarantee on 3 October 1986. Endorsed as a health promotion charity and income tax exempt charitable entity under Subdivision 50-B of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. Endorsed as a deductible gift recipient under Subdivision 30-BA of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. Authority to Fundraise for Charitable Purposes under the provisions of Section 16 of the Charitable Fundraising Act 1991. Authority Number CFN12857 granted by Office of Charities, NSW Department of Gaming and Racing.


text:
[Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 146 (2000), Part 9]
[Extensions of Remarks]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
DEPARTMENTS OF COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND STATE, THE JUDICIARY, AND RELATED
AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2001
speech of
HON. JOE KNOLLENBERG
of michigan
The House in Committee of the Whole House on the State of
the Union had under consideration the bill (H.R. 4690) making
appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and
State, the Judiciary, and related agencies for the fiscal
year ending September 30, 2001, and for other purposes.
Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Mr. Speaker, I would like to include in the Record
for the Commerce/State/Justice Appropriations bill a letter with
legislative history of the Clean Air Act reported by Congressman John
Dingell who was the Chairman of the House Conference on the Clean Air
Act amendments of 1990. No one knows the Clean Air Act like Congressman
Dingell.
He makes clear, and I quote, ``Congress has not enacted implementing
legislation authorizing EPA or any other agency to regulate greenhouse
gases.''
Hon. David M. McIntosh,
Chairman, Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources,
and Regulatory Affairs, Committee on Government Reform, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: I understand that you have asked, based
on discussions between our staffs, about the disposition by
the House-Senate conferees of the amendments in 1990 to the
Clean Air Act (CAA) regarding greenhouse gases such as
methane and carbon dioxide. In making this inquiry, you call
my attention to an April 10, 1998 Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) memorandum entitled ``EPA's Authority to
Regulate Pollutants Emitted by Electric Power Generation
Sources'' and an October 12, 1998 memorandum entitled ``The
Authority of EPA to Regulate Carbon Dioxide Under the Clean
Air Act'' prepared for the National Mining Association. The
latter memorandum discusses the legislative history of the
1990 amendments.
First, the House-passed bill (H.R. 3030) never included any
provision regarding the regulation of any greenhouse gas,
such as methane or carbon dioxide, nor did the bill address
global climate change. The House, however, did include
provisions aimed at implementing the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Second, as to the Senate version (S. 1630) of the proposed
amendments, the October 12, 1998 memorandum correctly points
out that the Senate did address greenhouse gas matters and
global warming, along with provisions implementing the
Montreal Protocol. Nevertheless, only Montreal Protocol
related provisions were agreed to by the House-Senate
conferees (see Conf. Rept. 101-952, Oct. 26, 1990).
However, I should point out that Public Law 101-549 of
November 15, 1990, which contains the 1990 amendments to the
CAA, includes some provisions, such as sections 813, 817 and
819-821, that were enacted as free-standing provisions
separate from the CAA. Although the Public Law often refers
to the ``Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,'' the Public Law
does not specify that reference as the ``short title'' of all
of the provisions included the Public Law.
One of these free-standing provisions, section 821,
entitled ``Information Gathering on Greenhouse Gases
contributing to Global Climate Change'' appears in the United
States code as a ``note'' (at 42 U.S.C. 7651k). It requires
regulations by the EPA to ``monitor carbon dioxide
emissions'' from ``all affected sources subject to title V''
of the CAA and specifies that the emissions are to be
reported to the EPA. That section does not designate carbon
dioxide as a ``pollutant'' for any purpose.
Finally, Title IX of the Conference Report, entitled
``Clean Air Research,'' was primarily negotiated at the time
by the House and Senate Science Committees, which had no
regulatory jurisdiction under House-Senate Rules. This title
amended section 103 of the CAA by adding new subsections (c)
through (k). New subsection (g), entitled ``Pollution
Prevention and Control,'' calls for ``non-regulatory
strategies and technologies for air pollution prevention.''
While it refers, as noted in the EPA memorandum, to carbon
dioxide as a ``pollutant,'' House and Senate conferees never
agreed to designate carbon dioxide as a pollutant for
regulatory or other purposes.
Based on my review of this history and my recollection of
the discussions, I would have difficulty concluding that the
House-Senate conferees, who rejected the Senate regulatory
provisions (with the exception of the above-referenced
section 821), contemplated regulating greenhouse gas
emissions or addressing global warming under the Clean Air
Act. Shortly after enactment of Public Law 101-549, the
United Nations General Assembly established in December 1990
the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee that ultimately
led to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was
ratified by the United States after advice and consent by the
Senate. That Convention is, of course, not self-executing,
and the Congress has not enacted implementing legislation
authorizing EPA or any other agency to regulate greenhouse
I hope that this is responsive.
John D. Dingell,
Ranking Member.


It was a display of mendacity that would be breathtaking in a normal politician — one who had not already racked up a verified lie count of well over 8,000 in his first two years in office (Washington Post). On November 26, Trump assured us we should not be concerned about the children tear gassed at the Mexican border because it was tear gas lite — specially formulated for children — perfectly harmless. Let's start with a little research about tear gas.
"As with all non-lethal, or less-lethal weapons, there is some risk of serious permanent injury or death when tear gas is used. This includes risks from being hit by tear gas cartridges, which include severe bruising, loss of eyesight, skull fracture, and even death. A case of serious vascular injury from tear gas shells has also been reported from Iran, with high rates of associated nerve injury (44%) and amputation (17%), as well as instances of head injuries in young people.
In short, Trump lied again. The CS gas used on the immigrants is especially dangerous to infants and young children and there is no "lite" version of it that is safe. It just does not exist.
Did the border police use CS gas, pepper spray, or both? Pepper spray is unlikely since it is usually formulated and packaged for personal use in close quarters. It is tear gas that is used when some distance is involved. It might also be noted that tear gas guns do not have any sort of range finder, and the projectile can only be controlled marginally, by aiming it at the ground. Using it for crowd control virtually insures people will be injured by the projectiles themselves or by the exploding fragments, and deaths have often occurred.
By international conventions to which the U.S. is signatory, tear gas is illegal for battleground use in time of war. So it can't be used on enemy soldiers, but evidently it is quite all right to use it on babies, mothers, and toddlers.
Not content with his tear gas bomb, Trump went on to new heights of insanity when he bluntly stated he did not believe the latest report on climate change and the consequent disasters. That the report was compiled by over 300 leading scientists and government agencies is irrelevant to the president. He simply chooses not to believe it, therefore it isn't true.
So, what may be next?
What next? Does he believe in gravity? Does he think the Earth is flat and is the center of the universe? What else can we expect from a man who has confessed to never having read a book? That the man is a self-serving, utterly mendacious creep of very limited intelligence, and no moral scruples whatsoever could not be more obvious.
The real problem then, is not Trump, but the over 30% of the citizens that support him. We have to ask ourselves, where has our educational system — our philosophical, moral and religious instruction — so dismally failed that so many people can be gulled into this man's swamp of unreality and perverse ethics? This is a question future historians will debate at length, if the impending climate doom permits such luxuries to historians in the future.


text:
Ömer Faruk Tekbilek (nació en 1951, Adana, Turquía), también conocido como Omar Faruk Tekbilek, es un compositor y virtuoso flautista turco. Es conocido por sus interpretaciones con el ney en estilo sufi, como también por su fusión de música tradicional del medio oriente, principalmente turca, con sintetizadores modernos.

Honrado como promotor de la paz y músico virtuoso, Omar es actualmente uno de los músicos más solicitados, cuyo trabajo traciende las fronteras políticas, a la vez que mantiene y desarrolla sensibilidades tradicionales del medio oriente con gran calidad.

Biografía

Omar Faruk Tekbilek nació y creció en Adana, una ciudad del sur de Turquía donde se mezclaban la cultura islámica y la bizantina, ciudad fronteriza punto de encuentro de filósofos, artistas, actores y personalidades de la cultura en general. La oferta cultural era muy grande, así que muchos de los grandes músicos turcos la visitaron. Su hermano Hadji era un músico nato, tocaba la flauta y fue el primer guía de Faruk. Estudió Kaval, una pequeña flauta diatónica, pero pronto se interesó por otros instrumentos. Su primer profesor fue uno de sus tíos que tenía una tienda de instrumentos musicales. Iba allí por las tardes, después de la escuela, y aprendió Baglama (laúd turco de cuello largo), los complicados ritmos turcos, las escalas, lectura musical y más. Con doce años comenzó a actuar profesionalmente en algunos clubes.

Paralelamente a sus estudios musicales se interesó por el sufismo (brazo místico del Islam), y lo estudió con la idea de llegar a ser monje de esta orden, pero con quince años dejó la escuela para dedicarse por completo a la música, aunque nunca dejó de estudiar. Asegura que sigue haciéndolo, la música para él es el camino más corto a Dios, "Tocar es como rezar para mí" asegura.

Con diecisiete años se marchó a Estambul, donde conoció a los Mevlevi Dervishes, una de las órdenes sufíes más antiguas de Turquía, No llegó a entrar en la orden, pero tuvo una gran influencia de su aproximamiento místico al espíritu y al sonido.

Por aquellas fechas conoció también al saxofonista Burhan Tonguch, que le mostró nuevas ideas sobre la teoría de la música. Todo era un instrumento rítmico y todo el mundo podía ser percusionista. Faruk comenzó a ser cada vez más demandado por los estudios de Estambul.

Con veinte años hizo su primera gira por Estados Unidos con un grupo de música tradicional turca. Fue en esa gira cuando conoció a su mujer. Tuvo que volver a Turquía para hacer el servicio militar y no pudo regresar hasta 1976, se estableció en Nueva York, donde las oportunidades para un músico turco eran bastante escasas. Tuvo que comenzar a trabajar en una empresa textil, pero formó una banda junto con su cuñado llamada The Sultans. La idea original era que fuese una banda de música pop, pero pronto comenzaron a interpretar música del medio Oriente, además se unieron al grupo un teclista egipcio y un músico griego de cuerda. Este grupo consiguió grabar varios discos, además el círculo de bailarinas de danza oriental se interesó por su música. Durante unos duros años estuvo compaginando su trabajo en la compañía textil durante la semana, con actuaciones los fines de semana en los clubes orientales de Nueva York.

En 1988, conoció a Brian Keane, actualmente su productor y colaborador, y con él hizo su primer trabajo a nivel internacional, la banda sonora de la película "Suleyman el Magnífico".

Brian tenía el encargo de hacer la banda sonora, siendo una película sobre este gran emperador y que además su estreno iba a coincidir con la inauguración de la exposición sobre el mismo tema en el Museo Metropolitano de Nueva York. Pensó que incluir cantantes e instrumentos originales turcos era importante, así que comenzó la búsqueda de músicos de este país con los que colaborar en el proyecto. No era fácil, nadie le pudo dar ningún dato, así que comenzó a frecuentar un club de danza oriental que había en Manhattan llamado Fácil's. Después de varias noches soportando una mala música para danza oriental, apareció Faruk. Enseguida destacó entre los demás músicos, rápidamente pudo darse cuenta de que su manera de tocar era completamente diferente y estaba llena de emoción.

Para la película quería una mezcla de instrumentos tradicionales con los sonidos de sus sintetizadores, melodías tradicionales turcas y música original de él. Así que habló con Faruk y quedaron en que se pasaría por su estudio para hacer una prueba. Fue un éxito, faruk trajo a otros músicos y la banda sonora estuvo pronto acabada.

Brian quería volver a trabajar con él, así que faruk por fin pudo dedicarse por entero a la música. Juntos han trabajado en otros cinco CDS más, explorando no solo la música turca, también la árabe y la armenia. Además Faruk es medio egipcio y siente una gran afinidad a la música árabe, que se diferencia en algunos importantes puntos de la turca.

Actualmente sigue sus investigaciones musicales y colabora con otros músicos, como el laudista y violinista palestino Simon Shaheen, el percusionista y compositor Michael Askill, el percusionista armenio Arto Tunçboyaciyan y el lauidsta armenio Ara Dinkjian. Estos dos últimos son colaboradores en algunas de sus últimas grabaciones.

Discografía
 Suleyman The Magnificent (1988)
 Fire Dance (1990)
 Beyond The Sky (1992)
 Fata Morgana (1994)
 Whirling (1994)
 Mystical Gardens (1996)
 Crescent Moon (1998)
 One Truth (1999)
 Dance into Eternity (2000)
 Alif (2002)
 Tree Of Patience (2006)

Enlaces externos
 http://www.omarfaruktekbilek.com/

Flautistas de Turquía
Músicos de Turquía del siglo XX
Músicos de Turquía del siglo XXI
Nacidos en Adana


text:
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PBS' Luna
PBS' Molly
PBSKids' Elinor
Friendly Faces of the Friendly City: Cy Khochareun
If you're a regular downtown, you've likely been to Beyond Restaurant Pho and Sushi by now, located in the space once occupied by Spanky's, sharing West Water Street with other inspired restaurants like Bella Luna, Cuban Burger, Sabor a Mexico, and the Harrisonburg classic, Finnegan's Cove. But before Beyond, there was Taste of Thai, located on South High Street. And what came before Taste of Thai is a long and moving story of a family from Laos.
I met with Cy Khochareun at Bella Gelato on a rainy day in February to add to my udnerstanding of this family and their impact on the Friendly City. His story of coming to live in the United States is one that illuminates the struggle immigrants endure when relocating to another country and the sacrifice and hard work it takes, not just to survive, but to succeed here, in a new place that is overwhelming and expansive, unintelligible and confusing, beautiful and inspiring. Before launching into the story of his incredible family, Cy pulled his father's obituary from his bag, saying, "I always carry this with me. He was my inspiration." It remained on the table the whole time we chatted, almost like his father was sitting with us.
Cy was born in 1968 in Laos, a nation in Southeast Asia bordering Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Myanmar, and Thailand, to his parents Keung and Phounxap. His father, Keung, owned a successful logging company and a fruit farm. Cy remembers his father traveling all over Southeast Asia to conduct business and establish new clients. He remembers the bustle of his father's employees in and around their home, and he remembers how hard his father worked at everything he did. After the Fall of Saigon in 1975, Keung was faced with a critical choice: to stay in Laos as communism advanced across the region or to leave all that they'd ever known and travel to Thailand. Worried for the wellbeing of his family and his livelihood, Keung chose the latter. He went first by himself, crossing the Mekong River, then sent for his family: his wife, Cy, Cy's two siblings, and their grandmother. They were arrested at one point during their journey and jailed for a couple of days, and then they spent years in a Thai refugee camp before emigrating to the United States in 1981 with the help of a sponsor in Northern Virginia. Cy barely spoke any English when he enrolled in high school. The family spent a couple summers doing migrant work on an apple farm just north of Harrisonburg, and then they moved to Harrisonburg in 1983 when Keung got a job at Marvel Poultry in Dayton.
I asked Cy about the timeline of Beyond, Taste of Thai, Cy's Electronics, and the Oriental Food Market, because even though I've lived here since 1993, and even though Cy repaired my VCR in the mid-90s, I didn't have an accurate recollection of which business opened first, and when. What I thought would be a quick and neat answer became yet another heartwarming tale of ingenuity and familial devotion. The food market happened first. While working at the poultry plant, Cy's father dreamed of opening a grocery store. Keung had already been asking family members and neighbors what they needed from the oriental market and then driving to Northern Virginia to shop for everyone. The Ney family owned the property Taste of Thai currently occupies — it was a small shopping center that contained a pawn shop and a laundromat — plus a house and five acres of land that back up to Dogwood Drive. When the Neys decided to sell the property, Cy's family bought it and opened the first iteration of the Oriental Food Market. Inspired by the products on their own shelves, the family wanted to open a little restaurant, so a ten-table Taste of Thai was born in 1995, after the pawn shop tenant vacated the space. Cy thought this was a crazy idea: why would anyone in Harrisonburg want Thai food? Even so, the entire family worked all hours, seven days a week, to get that tiny restaurant operational. As it turned out, everyone wanted Thai food, and people would wait hours for a seat. Cy teared up a bit as he recalled that period of time as one of brutally hard work and beautiful family solidarity. In the meantime, Cy had been studying electronics at Blue Ridge Community College and, being business minded like his dad, wanted to open an electronics repair shop. Cy's Electronics went in adjacent to the market and restaurant. Sensing a need to expand the wildly popular restaurant, the family built a new, much larger market (the one that exists today, which also offers an ample selection of Hispanic foods), moved the groceries out of Taste of Thai, and expanded restaurant seating into the old market space. Later, Cy's Electronics closed, and Taste of Thai now occupies the entire building, along with hordes of hungry people who fill the seats seven nights a week.
If that were not enough, the family decided to open a second restaurant. They originally purchased property behind Valley Mall but changed their minds when they saw the Water Street location, which had been vacant since 2005. Beyond Restaurant Pho and Sushi opened its doors in 2009, and most days, you can see Cy there, greeting guests and rolling sushi behind the sturdy concrete bar. Recently Beyond expanded its menu to include Vietnamese bowls and platters as well as Korean dishes. Both restaurants' menus reflect Cy's family's history and their expansive knowledge created by a lifetime of diverse experiences. The food is rich and comforting, warm and bold; it will simultaneously carry you away and make you feel like you're home.
Cy has called Harrisonburg his home for nearly 40 years. Most days he's up and out of bed around 4:30 or 5am. He starts the day with breakfast, coffee, and scripture, then greets his wife and children when they wake. His passion for fitness takes him to the gym for two hours every morning, after which he heads downtown to open the restaurant. He stays busy with various projects and events at Acorn Christian Church, his faith community of nearly 25 years. He even hosts a Bible study on Thursdays at 1pm at Beyond, and he invites you to join. The Explore More Discovery Museum and Big Brothers Big Sisters of Harrisonburg-Rockingham County are two organizations Cy supports. He also participates in a yearly mission trip to Haiti.
Cy's father's choice — to uproot the family and make this formidable journey — was not made without careful consideration. It required faith, courage, unwavering commitment, and a deep understanding of risk, and it affected Cy in a way that shaped the rest of his life. As Cy said, "He laid the foundation" for Cy's ensuing work ethic and drive. When Keung decided to leave Laos, he lost everything he owned. He had created a prosperous life, owned a lovely home and garden with lots of help around the house, and built successful businesses from the ground up. And then in his mid-thirties, for the sake of freedom and security, sacrificed it all. Not only did this result in Cy's insatiable drive, but it also opened in him a deep well of gratitude. He works hard to honor and nurture what his family has created.
Reprinted by permission from Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance
Originally published March 25, 2020
Written by Katie Mitchell
Photos by Philip Meador
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James Shoemaker has years of experience helping those who have been wrongfully terminated, and as a partner at Patten, Wornom, Hatten & Diamonstein, has the resources to take on even the largest corporations.
Discrimination: Laws vary from state to state regarding discrimination, but generally you cannot be fired solely because of your race, gender, or age. Protections for sexual orientation or gender identity vary by local law.
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If any of these examples apply to you, seek an unemployment attorney for a consultation to see if you have a wrongful termination case.
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