Charming brick ranch with finished basement on a quiet tree-lined street in Littleton's Maple Ridge neighborhood. This wonderful home is move-in ready and offers great potential with five bedrooms, three bathrooms, a fantastic layout, and newly refinished hardwood floors. Wide-open and bright, the spacious kitchen maintains abundant cabinet and countertop space, tile backsplash, a breakfast bar, and all appliances remain. Highlighted by a cozy, wood-burning fireplace, the adjoining dining room provides effortless flow, with convenient access to the patio and backyard. Just beyond, the sunny living room and adjacent casual dining space offer plenty of room to spread out or entertain. The beautiful hardwood floors extend throughout the main level which also encompasses a master bedroom with private bath, two secondary bedrooms and a hall bath. Finished basement features a large rec room, two additional bedrooms, a three-quarter bath, and tons of storage. Attached two-car garage. This classic home is just a short walk to Little's Creek Park, Highline Canal Trail, and restaurants, with easy access to the Denver Tech Center and several major routes. Don't miss out on this wonderful opportunity!


text:
Jusuf Naoum (* 25. Februar 1941 in El Mina/Libanon) ist ein libanesisch-deutscher Schriftsteller und Geschichtenerzähler.

Leben

Jusuf Naoum wuchs im Libanon in der Nähe von Tripoli auf. Seine Jugend war geprägt von den literarischen Interessen seiner Eltern und der Begegnung mit der orientalischen Tradition des Märchenerzählens, die ihm vor allem seine Mutter vermittelte. Naoum kam 1964 als Gastarbeiter in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Er absolvierte eine Ausbildung im Hotel- und Gaststättengewerbe und arbeitete anschließend als Kellner. Als er arbeitslos geworden war, ließ er sich zum Masseur umschulen und war in diesem Beruf tätig. Nachdem er bereits in den Siebzigerjahren angefangen hatte, eigene Texte in deutscher Sprache zu veröffentlichen, ist er seit 1983 freier Schriftsteller; daneben präsentiert er seine literarischen Werke auch in mündlicher Form bei zahlreichen Auftritten als "Kaffeehaus-Geschichtenerzähler". Naoum lebt heute in Niedernhausen/Taunus.

Jusuf Naoum ist Verfasser von Romanen, Erzählungen, Gedichten und Hörspielen.

Jusuf Naoum ist Mitglied des Verbandes deutscher Schriftsteller; von 1981 bis zu dessen Auflösung im Jahre 1987 gehörte er dem PoLiKunst-Verein für Migrantenliteratur an. Naoum erhielt u. a. 1992 den Kulturpreis des Rheingau-Taunus-Kreises.

Werke

 Der rote Hahn. Erzählungen des Fischers Sidaoui, Luchterhand, Darmstadt 1974.
 Der Scharfschütze, Atelier im Bauernhaus, Fischerhude 1983.
 Karakus und andere orientalische Märchen, Brandes & Apsel, Frankfurt am Main 1986.
 Die Kaffeehausgeschichten des Abu-al-Abed, Brandes & Apsel, Frankfurt am Main 1987.
 Kaktusfeigen, Brandes & Apsel, Frankfurt am Main 1989.
 Sand, Steine und Blumen, Brandes & Apsel, Frankfurt am Main 1991.
 Nacht der Phantasie, Brandes & Apsel, Frankfurt am Main 1994.
 Das Ultimatum des Bey, Peter Hammer Verlag, Wuppertal 1995.
 Nura. Eine Libanesin in Deutschland, Peter Hammer Verlag Wuppertal 1996.
 Guten Tag, Alemania, Verlag Sankt Michelbund, München 2007.
 Karakand in Flammen – Eine Parabel über Krieg und Frieden, Verlag Hans Schiller, Berlin 2010.

Weblinks

 Jusuf Naoums Website

Autor
Libanese
Märchen
Erzählung
Literatur (Deutsch)
Deutscher
Geboren 1941
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
33/45 records
Free Delivery On All R.O.I. Orders Over €60
RSD 2021
Guestmixes
Home › JOHN PRINE – Live At The Other End, Dec. 1975
JOHN PRINE – Live At The Other End, Dec. 1975
4LP – Limited Edition 180g Vinyl
(Only 8,500 copies.)
[RSD2021-JUL17]
In December 1975, Grammy Award-winning songwriter John Prine played three nights at The Other End (previously and now known as The Bitter End) in Greenwich Village, NYC. The acoustic performances featured some of his best-known songs such as 'Angel From Montgomery' and 'Hello In There', from his first four studio albums: John Prine (1971), Diamonds In The Rough (1972), Sweet Revenge (1973) and Common Sense (1975). These rare and previously unreleased solo performances—comprising two full sets – are made available for the first time exclusively for Record Store Day 2021
What's The Matter?
Sign up for our mailing list to keep up to date with New Releases, Pre Orders & Promotions
© 2022 33/45 records

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Is there any method to Copy 5GB of Data from server systems to multiple clients systems in less time(max 2mins.)? Is there any method to copy 5GB of data from server systems to multiple clients systems in less time(max 2mins.) ?
Data should be copied from server to all client systems.

A: Unless all clients are mutually connected with gigabit networking, no, there isn't.
If they are so connected, then saturation of the server connection is your problem.  Something like bittorrent is probably your best bet, where all clients becomes servers in their own right as soon as they've downloaded some part of the file that others don't yet have.

A: Yes.  Use multicasting to just have to send the data once from the server.  You still need a sufficiently fast network and hard drives in the server.
With multicasting it wont matter if there is 1 or 100 clients.  Its commonly used by things like norton ghost or windows deployment services to reimage PCs.  The server sends the data once and all clients receive it.
To copy 5GB in 2 minutes you need a transfer rate of just under 50MB/s.  That is doable with a good gigabit network and fast hard drives.

A: Not with a traditional push copy from the server to the clients.  This would need to be a pull/multicast.  5 Gbytes in two minutes is about 44 Mbytes per second, so that would require at a minimum gigabit network end-to-end.
Deploying big data in a short period of time is not unfeasible.  Facebook Release Engineering for example, can push a 1.5 GB update to all of their servers within 15 minutes.  They use Bittorrent.  Or as Grant mentioned, using something like UDPCast for Windows.
http://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/exclusive-a-behind-the-scenes-look-at-facebook-release-engineering
http://www.udpcast.linux.lu/exe.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We have all heard about climate change and how global warming is affecting marine life, but living in California's fresh air and beautiful weather seems to wash away the stories we hear about polar bears dying because of the drastically decreasing sea ice. My goal is to truly bring awareness to climate change, and more specifically, global warming with a combination of the stereotypical images we find such as melting icebergs and greenhouse gases, along with more relatable figures such as the polar bear from the Coca-Cola advertisement in the 2013 Super Bowl and Donald Trump's tweets about global warming. In my artwork, there is a lone polar bear and its cub sitting on a small, melting iceberg looking at an old television displaying Trump and his tweets on global warming. He states that global warming is a "hoax" and that New York could use a "big fat dose of global warming" because of its record low temperatures. However, surrounding the polar bears are piles of trash that are emitting greenhouse gases which are melting down the few, remaining icebergs. My piece is titled "Lies" because it shows how we pretend that everything's alright because we are not directly affected by it, when in reality, it is our planet, our world, and the one chance we have at life.


text:
"""
Gitlab API Wrapper.
"""

__title__ = "PyGitlab"
__version__ = "0.1"
__author__ = "Adam Richards"
__copyright__ = "Platform1"
__licence__ = "MIT"

import os
from .gitlab import Gitlab

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Aston Villa manager David O'Leary's preparations for tomorrow's Premiership match at home to Middlesbrough have been thrown into disarray after Juan Pablo Angel injured his ankle in training yesterday.
Aston Villa manager David O'Leary's preparations for tomorrow's Premiership match at home to Middlesbrough have been thrown into disarray after Juan Pablo Angel injured his ankle in training yesterday.
O'Leary fears Angel will be out for around three weeks - meaning he would miss the derby at Birmingham City on March 20 - after the Colombian striker fell awkwardly and his ankle became badly swollen.
O'Leary, who confirmed on-loan forward Carlton Cole has returned to Chelsea for treatment on his injured knee, must now pair together Darius Vassell and rookie striker Luke Moore in attack against Boro.
And the Villa boss knows that is asking a lot of Vassell, who only returned to firstteam duty last weekend as a substitute against Everton after four months out with a broken ankle.
"Juan twisted his ankle in training," said O'Leary last night. "It is very swollen and far too early to tell what the full extent of the damage is.
"The problem is that we can't scan it until the swelling has gone down, but my guess is he will be out for at least two or three weeks. It doesn't leave me with much up-front so Darius will start as, apart from Luke Moore, he is the only fit striker I have got available to me."
O'Leary would have preferred to ease Vassell gently back into first-team action, but with ten games left and Villa's season hanging in the balance, the Irishman needs the striker to find his form immediately.
Consequently, O'Leary has challenged the mercurial 24-year-old to repeat the impressive displays he has shown in recent years for England in the claret-and-blue of his club colours.
And O'Leary says Vassell will have to do well for Villa if he has any hopes of regaining his place in the national setup as there are several English forwards performing well.
He added: "I think Darius really needs to show everyone at Villa that he's capable of reproducing for us over 90 minutes what he does for England in half-an-hour from the bench.
"That's the challenge for him now. We have had glimpses of his talent but we need to see it on a regular basis.
"I can understand why Wayne Rooney, Alan Smith and Jermain Defoe might be ahead of him now in Sven-G^ran Eriksson's mind.
"Darius has a battle on to get his place back in the squad but the only way he can do that is by playing well for Villa over 90 minutes.
"That's the Darius Vassell the past three managers at Villa have been looking for and what I want to see."
While Villa are hopeful Vassell will play a prominent role in their remaining fixtures, on-loan Cole has returned to Stamford Bridge for treatment to his knee injury.
The striker sustained cartilage damage in a recent England Under-21 game and had feared he needed surgery to overcome the problem.
Chelsea believe a period of rehabilitation will cure the trouble but O'Leary says it is "touch and go" whether Cole will return to Villa before the end of the campaign.
He said: "Our doctors wanted to do things a certain way, but we sent him down to Chelsea and they wanted to do things a different way.
"He's their player, so they've kept him down there to do it their way. I'd say it's touch and go whether we'll see him again this season. It's just whether he responds to the treatment.
"I wouldn't rule him out. He could get the last couple of games in at the back-end of the season."
beleaguered Villa boss has at least been cheered by midfielder Gavin McCann's improvement.
McCann has been sidelined since undergoing knee surgery in January and it was thought he would not play again this term but McCann is jogging again and could be back before the end of the season. n Villa's 18-year-old striker Gabriel Agbonlahor signed a new contract yesterday committing him to the club until June 2007.
A regular in Kevin MacDonald's reserve-team squads this season, Agbonlahor broke Vassell's youth scoring record last term, scoring an amazing 40 goals.


text:
package objchange

import (
	"fmt"
	"strconv"

	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/convert"

	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform-plugin-sdk/internal/configs/configschema"
)

// AssertObjectCompatible checks whether the given "actual" value is a valid
// completion of the possibly-partially-unknown "planned" value.
//
// This means that any known leaf value in "planned" must be equal to the
// corresponding value in "actual", and various other similar constraints.
//
// Any inconsistencies are reported by returning a non-zero number of errors.
// These errors are usually (but not necessarily) cty.PathError values
// referring to a particular nested value within the "actual" value.
//
// The two values must have types that conform to the given schema's implied
// type, or this function will panic.
func AssertObjectCompatible(schema *configschema.Block, planned, actual cty.Value) []error {
	return assertObjectCompatible(schema, planned, actual, nil)
}

func assertObjectCompatible(schema *configschema.Block, planned, actual cty.Value, path cty.Path) []error {
	var errs []error
	if planned.IsNull() && !actual.IsNull() {
		errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("was absent, but now present"))
		return errs
	}
	if actual.IsNull() && !planned.IsNull() {
		errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("was present, but now absent"))
		return errs
	}
	if planned.IsNull() {
		// No further checks possible if both values are null
		return errs
	}

	for name, attrS := range schema.Attributes {
		plannedV := planned.GetAttr(name)
		actualV := actual.GetAttr(name)

		path := append(path, cty.GetAttrStep{Name: name})
		moreErrs := assertValueCompatible(plannedV, actualV, path)
		if attrS.Sensitive {
			if len(moreErrs) > 0 {
				// Use a vague placeholder message instead, to avoid disclosing
				// sensitive information.
				errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("inconsistent values for sensitive attribute"))
			}
		} else {
			errs = append(errs, moreErrs...)
		}
	}
	for name, blockS := range schema.BlockTypes {
		plannedV := planned.GetAttr(name)
		actualV := actual.GetAttr(name)

		// As a special case, if there were any blocks whose leaf attributes
		// are all unknown then we assume (possibly incorrectly) that the
		// HCL dynamic block extension is in use with an unknown for_each
		// argument, and so we will do looser validation here that allows
		// for those blocks to have expanded into a different number of blocks
		// if the for_each value is now known.
		maybeUnknownBlocks := couldHaveUnknownBlockPlaceholder(plannedV, blockS, false)

		path := append(path, cty.GetAttrStep{Name: name})
		switch blockS.Nesting {
		case configschema.NestingSingle, configschema.NestingGroup:
			// If an unknown block placeholder was present then the placeholder
			// may have expanded out into zero blocks, which is okay.
			if maybeUnknownBlocks && actualV.IsNull() {
				continue
			}
			moreErrs := assertObjectCompatible(&blockS.Block, plannedV, actualV, path)
			errs = append(errs, moreErrs...)
		case configschema.NestingList:
			// A NestingList might either be a list or a tuple, depending on
			// whether there are dynamically-typed attributes inside. However,
			// both support a similar-enough API that we can treat them the
			// same for our purposes here.
			if !plannedV.IsKnown() || !actualV.IsKnown() || plannedV.IsNull() || actualV.IsNull() {
				continue
			}

			if maybeUnknownBlocks {
				// When unknown blocks are present the final blocks may be
				// at different indices than the planned blocks, so unfortunately
				// we can't do our usual checks in this case without generating
				// false negatives.
				continue
			}

			plannedL := plannedV.LengthInt()
			actualL := actualV.LengthInt()
			if plannedL != actualL {
				errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("block count changed from %d to %d", plannedL, actualL))
				continue
			}
			for it := plannedV.ElementIterator(); it.Next(); {
				idx, plannedEV := it.Element()
				if !actualV.HasIndex(idx).True() {
					continue
				}
				actualEV := actualV.Index(idx)
				moreErrs := assertObjectCompatible(&blockS.Block, plannedEV, actualEV, append(path, cty.IndexStep{Key: idx}))
				errs = append(errs, moreErrs...)
			}
		case configschema.NestingMap:
			// A NestingMap might either be a map or an object, depending on
			// whether there are dynamically-typed attributes inside, but
			// that's decided statically and so both values will have the same
			// kind.
			if plannedV.Type().IsObjectType() {
				plannedAtys := plannedV.Type().AttributeTypes()
				actualAtys := actualV.Type().AttributeTypes()
				for k := range plannedAtys {
					if _, ok := actualAtys[k]; !ok {
						errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("block key %q has vanished", k))
						continue
					}

					plannedEV := plannedV.GetAttr(k)
					actualEV := actualV.GetAttr(k)
					moreErrs := assertObjectCompatible(&blockS.Block, plannedEV, actualEV, append(path, cty.GetAttrStep{Name: k}))
					errs = append(errs, moreErrs...)
				}
				if !maybeUnknownBlocks { // new blocks may appear if unknown blocks were present in the plan
					for k := range actualAtys {
						if _, ok := plannedAtys[k]; !ok {
							errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("new block key %q has appeared", k))
							continue
						}
					}
				}
			} else {
				if !plannedV.IsKnown() || plannedV.IsNull() || actualV.IsNull() {
					continue
				}
				plannedL := plannedV.LengthInt()
				actualL := actualV.LengthInt()
				if plannedL != actualL && !maybeUnknownBlocks { // new blocks may appear if unknown blocks were persent in the plan
					errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("block count changed from %d to %d", plannedL, actualL))
					continue
				}
				for it := plannedV.ElementIterator(); it.Next(); {
					idx, plannedEV := it.Element()
					if !actualV.HasIndex(idx).True() {
						continue
					}
					actualEV := actualV.Index(idx)
					moreErrs := assertObjectCompatible(&blockS.Block, plannedEV, actualEV, append(path, cty.IndexStep{Key: idx}))
					errs = append(errs, moreErrs...)
				}
			}
		case configschema.NestingSet:
			if !plannedV.IsKnown() || !actualV.IsKnown() || plannedV.IsNull() || actualV.IsNull() {
				continue
			}

			setErrs := assertSetValuesCompatible(plannedV, actualV, path, func(plannedEV, actualEV cty.Value) bool {
				errs := assertObjectCompatible(&blockS.Block, plannedEV, actualEV, append(path, cty.IndexStep{Key: actualEV}))
				return len(errs) == 0
			})
			errs = append(errs, setErrs...)

			if maybeUnknownBlocks {
				// When unknown blocks are present the final number of blocks
				// may be different, either because the unknown set values
				// become equal and are collapsed, or the count is unknown due
				// a dynamic block. Unfortunately this means we can't do our
				// usual checks in this case without generating false
				// negatives.
				continue
			}

			// There can be fewer elements in a set after its elements are all
			// known (values that turn out to be equal will coalesce) but the
			// number of elements must never get larger.
			plannedL := plannedV.LengthInt()
			actualL := actualV.LengthInt()
			if plannedL < actualL {
				errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("block set length changed from %d to %d", plannedL, actualL))
			}
		default:
			panic(fmt.Sprintf("unsupported nesting mode %s", blockS.Nesting))
		}
	}
	return errs
}

func assertValueCompatible(planned, actual cty.Value, path cty.Path) []error {
	// NOTE: We don't normally use the GoString rendering of cty.Value in
	// user-facing error messages as a rule, but we make an exception
	// for this function because we expect the user to pass this message on
	// verbatim to the provider development team and so more detail is better.

	var errs []error
	if planned.Type() == cty.DynamicPseudoType {
		// Anything goes, then
		return errs
	}
	if problems := planned.Type().TestConformance(actual.Type()); len(problems) > 0 {
		errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("wrong final value type: %s", convert.MismatchMessage(actual.Type(), planned.Type())))
		// If the types don't match then we can't do any other comparisons,
		// so we bail early.
		return errs
	}

	if !planned.IsKnown() {
		// We didn't know what were going to end up with during plan, so
		// anything goes during apply.
		return errs
	}

	if actual.IsNull() {
		if planned.IsNull() {
			return nil
		}
		errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("was %#v, but now null", planned))
		return errs
	}
	if planned.IsNull() {
		errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("was null, but now %#v", actual))
		return errs
	}

	ty := planned.Type()
	switch {

	case !actual.IsKnown():
		errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("was known, but now unknown"))

	case ty.IsPrimitiveType():
		if !actual.Equals(planned).True() {
			errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("was %#v, but now %#v", planned, actual))
		}

	case ty.IsListType() || ty.IsMapType() || ty.IsTupleType():
		for it := planned.ElementIterator(); it.Next(); {
			k, plannedV := it.Element()
			if !actual.HasIndex(k).True() {
				errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("element %s has vanished", indexStrForErrors(k)))
				continue
			}

			actualV := actual.Index(k)
			moreErrs := assertValueCompatible(plannedV, actualV, append(path, cty.IndexStep{Key: k}))
			errs = append(errs, moreErrs...)
		}

		for it := actual.ElementIterator(); it.Next(); {
			k, _ := it.Element()
			if !planned.HasIndex(k).True() {
				errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("new element %s has appeared", indexStrForErrors(k)))
			}
		}

	case ty.IsObjectType():
		atys := ty.AttributeTypes()
		for name := range atys {
			// Because we already tested that the two values have the same type,
			// we can assume that the same attributes are present in both and
			// focus just on testing their values.
			plannedV := planned.GetAttr(name)
			actualV := actual.GetAttr(name)
			moreErrs := assertValueCompatible(plannedV, actualV, append(path, cty.GetAttrStep{Name: name}))
			errs = append(errs, moreErrs...)
		}

	case ty.IsSetType():
		// We can't really do anything useful for sets here because changing
		// an unknown element to known changes the identity of the element, and
		// so we can't correlate them properly. However, we will at least check
		// to ensure that the number of elements is consistent, along with
		// the general type-match checks we ran earlier in this function.
		if planned.IsKnown() && !planned.IsNull() && !actual.IsNull() {

			setErrs := assertSetValuesCompatible(planned, actual, path, func(plannedV, actualV cty.Value) bool {
				errs := assertValueCompatible(plannedV, actualV, append(path, cty.IndexStep{Key: actualV}))
				return len(errs) == 0
			})
			errs = append(errs, setErrs...)

			// There can be fewer elements in a set after its elements are all
			// known (values that turn out to be equal will coalesce) but the
			// number of elements must never get larger.

			plannedL := planned.LengthInt()
			actualL := actual.LengthInt()
			if plannedL < actualL {
				errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("length changed from %d to %d", plannedL, actualL))
			}
		}
	}

	return errs
}

func indexStrForErrors(v cty.Value) string {
	switch v.Type() {
	case cty.Number:
		return v.AsBigFloat().Text('f', -1)
	case cty.String:
		return strconv.Quote(v.AsString())
	default:
		// Should be impossible, since no other index types are allowed!
		return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", v)
	}
}

// couldHaveUnknownBlockPlaceholder is a heuristic that recognizes how the
// HCL dynamic block extension behaves when it's asked to expand a block whose
// for_each argument is unknown. In such cases, it generates a single placeholder
// block with all leaf attribute values unknown, and once the for_each
// expression becomes known the placeholder may be replaced with any number
// of blocks, so object compatibility checks would need to be more liberal.
//
// Set "nested" if testing a block that is nested inside a candidate block
// placeholder; this changes the interpretation of there being no blocks of
// a type to allow for there being zero nested blocks.
func couldHaveUnknownBlockPlaceholder(v cty.Value, blockS *configschema.NestedBlock, nested bool) bool {
	switch blockS.Nesting {
	case configschema.NestingSingle, configschema.NestingGroup:
		if nested && v.IsNull() {
			return true // for nested blocks, a single block being unset doesn't disqualify from being an unknown block placeholder
		}
		return couldBeUnknownBlockPlaceholderElement(v, &blockS.Block)
	default:
		// These situations should be impossible for correct providers, but
		// we permit the legacy SDK to produce some incorrect outcomes
		// for compatibility with its existing logic, and so we must be
		// tolerant here.
		if !v.IsKnown() {
			return true
		}
		if v.IsNull() {
			return false // treated as if the list were empty, so we would see zero iterations below
		}

		// For all other nesting modes, our value should be something iterable.
		for it := v.ElementIterator(); it.Next(); {
			_, ev := it.Element()
			if couldBeUnknownBlockPlaceholderElement(ev, &blockS.Block) {
				return true
			}
		}

		// Our default changes depending on whether we're testing the candidate
		// block itself or something nested inside of it: zero blocks of a type
		// can never contain a dynamic block placeholder, but a dynamic block
		// placeholder might contain zero blocks of one of its own nested block
		// types, if none were set in the config at all.
		return nested
	}
}

func couldBeUnknownBlockPlaceholderElement(v cty.Value, schema *configschema.Block) bool {
	if v.IsNull() {
		return false // null value can never be a placeholder element
	}
	if !v.IsKnown() {
		return true // this should never happen for well-behaved providers, but can happen with the legacy SDK opt-outs
	}
	for name := range schema.Attributes {
		av := v.GetAttr(name)

		// Unknown block placeholders contain only unknown or null attribute
		// values, depending on whether or not a particular attribute was set
		// explicitly inside the content block. Note that this is imprecise:
		// non-placeholders can also match this, so this function can generate
		// false positives.
		if av.IsKnown() && !av.IsNull() {
			return false
		}
	}
	for name, blockS := range schema.BlockTypes {
		if !couldHaveUnknownBlockPlaceholder(v.GetAttr(name), blockS, true) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// assertSetValuesCompatible checks that each of the elements in a can
// be correlated with at least one equivalent element in b and vice-versa,
// using the given correlation function.
//
// This allows the number of elements in the sets to change as long as all
// elements in both sets can be correlated, making this function safe to use
// with sets that may contain unknown values as long as the unknown case is
// addressed in some reasonable way in the callback function.
//
// The callback always recieves values from set a as its first argument and
// values from set b in its second argument, so it is safe to use with
// non-commutative functions.
//
// As with assertValueCompatible, we assume that the target audience of error
// messages here is a provider developer (via a bug report from a user) and so
// we intentionally violate our usual rule of keeping cty implementation
// details out of error messages.
func assertSetValuesCompatible(planned, actual cty.Value, path cty.Path, f func(aVal, bVal cty.Value) bool) []error {
	a := planned
	b := actual

	// Our methodology here is a little tricky, to deal with the fact that
	// it's impossible to directly correlate two non-equal set elements because
	// they don't have identities separate from their values.
	// The approach is to count the number of equivalent elements each element
	// of a has in b and vice-versa, and then return true only if each element
	// in both sets has at least one equivalent.
	as := a.AsValueSlice()
	bs := b.AsValueSlice()
	aeqs := make([]bool, len(as))
	beqs := make([]bool, len(bs))
	for ai, av := range as {
		for bi, bv := range bs {
			if f(av, bv) {
				aeqs[ai] = true
				beqs[bi] = true
			}
		}
	}

	var errs []error
	for i, eq := range aeqs {
		if !eq {
			errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("planned set element %#v does not correlate with any element in actual", as[i]))
		}
	}
	if len(errs) > 0 {
		// Exit early since otherwise we're likely to generate duplicate
		// error messages from the other perspective in the subsequent loop.
		return errs
	}
	for i, eq := range beqs {
		if !eq {
			errs = append(errs, path.NewErrorf("actual set element %#v does not correlate with any element in plan", bs[i]))
		}
	}
	return errs
}


The arrival of the Mondeo HEV is the first step in a progressive electric vehicle (EV) development plan for Ford.
The Ford Mondeo has long been a favourite with Irish families and business people. Its combination of style, comfort and practicality have made it hugely popular over the years. Key to that success has been the ongoing evolution of the range, which has seen the car keep pace with consumer demand and taste.
The latest stage in that evolution is the arrival in Ireland of Ford's first ever mainstream hybrid petrol-electric vehicle, the new Ford Mondeo Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV).
The Mondeo Hybrid is the first hybrid electric vehicle ever manufactured by Ford in Europe. Available as a four-door, it will be assembled alongside the petrol and diesel-engine Mondeo at Ford's state-of-the-art facility in Valencia, Spain.
The Mondeo Hybrid adds a further dimension to the Mondeo portfolio for customers in Europe, following the success in the US of its sister vehicle, the Ford Fusion Hybrid. Ford is now the second largest producer of hybrid vehicles in the US.
Like the Fusion Hybrid, the Mondeo Hybrid uses the third-generation Ford petrol-electric hybrid system. This delivers the efficiency and refinement of an electric powertrain in many driving scenarios while maintaining the driving range and freedom offered by a traditional combustion engine.
"The arrival of the Mondeo HEV is the first step in a progressive electric vehicle (EV) development plan for Ford that will see 13 new full or partial EVs hit the streets of Europe and North America by 2020, including a hybrid version of the iconic Mustang that will deliver full V8 power," McMahon adds.
Drivers will not be disappointed by the Mondeo's on-road performance. The car is capable of driving at up to 135 km/h in electric mode, and the combination of a specially-developed 2.0-litre Atkinson cycle petrol engine and electric drivetrain offers excellent fuel efficiency with a fuel consumption rate of just 4.2-L/100km. For comparison purposes, a 2.0-litre diesel 150PS Powershift automatic transmission would deliver a fuel consumption rate of 4.8-L/100km.
Drivers can also use Ford's highly innovative Smartgauge interface to monitor, manage and reduce fuel and energy consumption. The interface includes a range of features including "Brake Coach" that encourages gradual braking to help return more energy to the battery.
Overall, more than 95 per cent of the energy normally lost through braking can be recovered and stored in the battery via the electric drive.
The Mondeo Hybrid operates without engine accessory drives for significantly reduced drag on the engine. Specifically designed for electrified vehicle application, the air conditioning compressor draws energy directly from the high voltage battery pack, thereby allowing the engine to turn off more frequently to save fuel while enabling cabin cooling to continue operating. A new exhaust gas heat recovery system enables faster cabin warming.
The new Mondeo HEV is based on a four-door body style with a 2.0-litre 187PS automatic transmission petrol powertrain in either Titanium or Vignale series.
The Titanium vehicle spec includes 16-inch alloys; SYNC 3 with eight-inch touchscreen; keyless start and entry; sports seats; rain sensing wipers; traffic sign recognition; ambient lighting; instrument cluster display; and parking sensors front and rear.
Along with all the Titanium features, the Vignale comes with 18-inch alloy wheels, metallic paint, rear view camera, and adaptive LED daytime running lights.
"Thanks in part to a significant VRT rebate, the Mondeo HEV will have a price of €32,120 for the Titanium model with a walk-up of €3,885 to the top of the range fully loaded Vignale model at €36,005," McMahon concludes.


text:
'Supernatural' Season 15, Part 1 Is on Netflix! 5 Episodes to Watch ASAP
Meredith Jacobs June 15, 2020, 3:00 pm
Shane Harvey/The CW
The SPN Family may have to wait until the fall to see the final seven episodes of Supernatural, but there is good news: The first 13 episodes of the CW series' 15th season are now available on Netflix.
Heading into the final stretch, hunters Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles), angel Castiel (Misha Collins), and nephilim Jack (Alexander Calvert) are still trying to take down the Big Bad: God (Rob Benedict). But it's not going to be easy, especially since then there's the question of what's next without him around.
Miss 'Supernatural'? Cheer Up With These Bloopers (VIDEO)
Production shut down with two episodes left to film on the series.
There's quite a bit you should remember ahead of the series farewell, so below, we've rounded up the five essential Season 15 episodes to re-watch before the drama returns. (Yes, there are spoilers.)
"Back and to the Future" (Episode 1)
Picking up right where the Season 14 finale left off, the premiere saw Sam, Dean, and Castiel beginning to deal with the souls God released from hell (pictured above) and trying to protect the residents of the nearby town. That led to a great callback to the pilot in the last scene. What better way to prepare for the end of the show than with the boys doing the same thing with God's plan for his conclusion?
"The Rupture" (Dean Buscher/The CW)
"The Rupture" (Episode 3)
Death is a part of life when it comes to anyone in the Winchesters' orbit, as we've seen many times. And early on in the final season, they lost two frenemies in their fight to return the souls to hell: witch Rowena MacLeod (Ruth Connell) and former British Men of Letters member Arthur Ketch (David Haydn-Jones). As a bonus, the former's demise included making a certain prophecy come true (albeit in a way no one could have imagined).
"Our Father, Who Aren't in Heaven" (Episode 8)
Not only did the midseason finale feature a family reunion years in the making (Adam had been left in Lucifer's cage in hell), but it also brought an archangel back into the fold when Jake Abel came back as Sam and Dean's half-brother Adam, who is Michael's vessel. And with Abel set to return again in the final episodes, it's a good idea to keep in mind everything that happened during his last appearance.
Ask Matt: The New Perry Mason, a 'Baker' Fan, Late Night Gets Serious, 'Supernatural' & More
Plus, 'God Friended Me' questions and more.
"The Trap" (Episode 9)
What would happen without God? Well, he showed Sam that (very) grim future while holding him and fellow hunter Eileen (Shoshannah Stern) captive, and there wasn't a happily ever after for the Winchesters or their angel ally. (In fact, Castiel took the exact step—the Mark of Cain—that led to his future in that scenario in the present.)
"Destiny's Child" (Episode 13)
Perhaps the most important episode to rewatch before the final episodes is the last one to air before the hiatus. In the process of Sam, Dean, Castiel, and Jack following former reaper/now Death Billie's (Lisa Berry) instructions in their question to kill God, the nephilim regained his soul. Plus, Castiel has unfinished business with the Empty (and made a deal with Genevieve Padalecki's demon Ruby), and Sam and Dean began wondering what's next if they do kill God.
"The Trap" (Colin Bentley/The CW)
Supernatural, Season 15 Returns, Fall 2020, The CW


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Opinion | Environment | Environment | Feb 19, 2018
Leading on Climate at Every Level
Craig Segall and David Hults
States and subnationals can rise to the challenges posed by climate change.
The causes of climate changes stem from many sources. So, too, must the solutions. Fighting climate change demands action at every level of government.
The California Air Resources Board, where we work—though this article is written in our personal capacities—is pioneering solutions in one of the world's largest economies, and is doing so in collaboration with many other jurisdictions. We are familiar with the difficulties of subnational regulation that Professors Cary Coglianese and Shana Starobin cite in their recent essay for The Regulatory Review. We are also familiar with overcoming these difficulties.
Subnationals grow climate change solutions. We seed technological breakthroughs, like zero-emission vehicles, that have begun to spread worldwide. We plant policy ideas—like our cap-and-trade system—that are tested, refined, and thrive in local environments. We intertwine and extend policy approaches—such as linking with Canadian provinces in our cap-and-trade program—to achieve greater effect. We craft policies that are robust, cost-effective, scalable, and exportable.
Consider greenhouse gas emissions from three key sectors that make up the lion's share of smokestack and tailpipe emissions: electric power, mobile sources, and industrial sources. In each area, states and other subnationals, supported and, sometimes, prodded forward by a vibrant citizens' climate movement, are making real progress; indeed, these states and other subnationals are teaching the national entities how to do it right.
With regard to electrical power generation, which makes up about a third of U.S. emissions, states across the political spectrum are rapidly moving away from fossil fuels. These states are doing so because coal and gas are expensive, polluting, and increasingly unnecessary as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and storage become ever cheaper. Even temporarily cheap natural gas should ultimately be out-competed by zero-carbon power. As a result, savvy public utility commissions and government officials—everywhere from Kentucky to Montana—are making plans for a cleaner future. With the Clean Power Plan building upon and supporting this trend, the power market is committed to a cleaner future.
With regard to mobile source emissions—another third or so of the emissions pie—we see progress on multiple fronts. The vehicle standards California played an important role in setting due to its special Clean Air Act authority now cover more than a third of the U.S. fleet thanks to the more than a dozen states who have adopted our policies. Our authority is well established by decades of court rulings and agency decisions. Our program is rapidly decarbonizing transport, and nations and companies around the world are moving quickly towards zero emissions fleets. In addition, subnationals can take meaningful action even without California-style authority. States already have ample opportunity to set in-use standards for existing vehicles, to pull clunkers off the roads, and to implement sound urban planning and public transit policies to drive emissions down.
Emissions from industrial sources—another significant chunk of pollution—are also very much in the domain of subnationals. The responsibility for permitting new sources, and for retrofitting old ones, initially lies with local permitting agencies. Those agencies have strong legal direction to ensure that controls are top-flight—and they can direct the industrial sources to switch fuels to electricity or even retire of older sources. Subnationals also use incentives, innovation funds, and other tools to spur change.
We could go on. When it comes to agricultural and forestry emissions, for instance, states and local land-use planners have long been in the lead—though federal direction can help to unify and steer those efforts. The same story holds true for urban planning and moves towards dense development.
Global and federal climate and air pollution initiatives—including the Paris Agreement and the Clean Air Act's programs of state-planned air pollutant reductions—are complemented by other efforts. The California-launched "Under 2 MOU" connects governments, including many subnationals, to support the goals in the Paris Agreement. The Clean Air Act's core air quality attainment program is premised upon states' abilities to develop implementation plans to meet federal standards. The result has been a marked improvement in air quality, cost-effectively saving thousands of lives over the last forty years.
Moreover, subnationals and local entities act as a check on—and spur for—federal action. California and other allied states are litigating—with an impressive win-loss record—to keep the federal government true to its obligations to address climate change and air pollution. We will keep doing so.
Several legal bases account for U.S. state-level success in fighting climate change. A number of these bases stem from federalism principles deeply embedded in the structure of our government. The Clean Air Act recognizes sovereign states' role in protecting their people and explicitly preserves more aggressive state action. States also have traditional legal roles in ratepayer utility planning, transportation and urban planning, and facility siting that suits them well to drive emissions reductions and create environments that low-emissions technology can develop in and spread in.
To be sure, subnationals will not stop climate change singlehandedly. We need help to coordinate and extend our efforts. We must also continue to take steps to reduce the risk of emissions "leakage" to other jurisdictions, which Coglianese and Starobin identify as a potential downside of regulating without coordination. California's regulations are already designed to ameliorate leakage—for example, through policy adjustments that mitigate it; by expanding the universe of jurisdictions that adopt similar policies and thereby reducing the likelihood that emissions move elsewhere; and much more. Moreover, focusing solely on the risk of leakage obscures the fact that green economies like California's are fast growing.
Approaches solely focused on the global or national level will not cut it. These approaches include one-size-fits-all policies that deprive governments of the benefits of policy experimentation and responsiveness to local conditions; a lack of local-level democratic accountability and trust that support the transformational reforms necessary to stop climate change; and a risk that an approach solely focused at the global or national level might fall victim to policy retrenchment or capture. We see that risk, unfortunately, being realized in Washington, D.C., today, as the federal government moves to support narrow fossil-fuel based interests over the public good.
We do not mean to give the feds a pass. Although states, cities, and citizens are making progress, federal leadership, funds, and innovation are desperately needed. After all, in this sort of complex crisis, one of the centers of action needs to be within the Beltway. We hope it is again soon. Until then, look for progress in Sacramento and in communities across the world.
Craig Segall is Assistant Chief Counsel at the California Air Resources Board.
David Hults is Assistant Chief Counsel at the California Air Resources Board.
This article was written in Segall and Hults's personal capacity and does not represent the view of the California Air Resources Board.
This essay is part of a five-part series, entitled State and Local Regulation of Climate Change.
Tagged: California, Environment, Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Regulation, Federalism
Opinion | Environment Jun 21, 2022
Drilling Approvals are Not the Reason for High Oil Prices
Despite criticism, the Biden Administration's drilling approvals have had little impact on current prices.
Analysis | Environment | Environment | Environment | Uncategorized May 5, 2022
The Inequalities of California's Environmental Quality Act
Katherine McKeen
Litigation over a state environmental law highlights both potential abuses and opportunities for reform.
Analysis | Environment | Environment | Environment Nov 30, 2021
The Explosive Problem of Killer Dust
Despite ongoing fatalities, OSHA has no specific regulations in place for combustible dust hazards.


When running Django's runserver management command in a Docker container or under a PyCharm run configuration (in Linux at least), I very often had issues with the process not getting killed in a timely manner. The symptom is that the process doesn't die immediately after it receives a SIGTERM or SIGINT. This is very puzzling, as hitting ctrl-c in a terminal kills it immediately like it's supposed to. There doesn't seem to be any reason for it to not die.
When run in a Docker container, such as part of a Docker Compose service, the symptom is that doing a docker-compose stop takes over 10 seconds to complete. It's really annoying when you're doing a lot of iteration testing of a compose config and want to up/down a lot.
Under PyCharm, the problem is that hitting Stop on the configuration doesn't seem to work at all, and instead you have to hit the skull icon that appears when the stop fails to happen within a second or so. Not that bad, but annoying none-the-less, especially if you're switching from Run to Debug and back on a regular basis.
Either way, it's the little things that are annoying and distracting from getting your real work done. So I dug into it a little, and I think I have a fix.
So here is an example of a complete manage.py, based on the skeleton version you get from django-admin startproject with Django 1.9.
You know, I've looked into this a little bit, and written all kinds of test code to try to suss out exactly what is happening, but I can't really make heads or tails of it. The problem still persists if you use --noreload so that runserver doesn't use the autoreloader code, which uses threading. So it's not a clash between signals and threads, which is typically a problem. Conversely, when I try to narrow it down to issues with only the parent process getting the signal, or only the child, or it being a process group in the shell but not in Docker or PyCharm, I get conflicting results that don't seem to point to a clear explanation. I think understanding it would require a lot more time, and a lot more expertise into the bowels of CPython and the shell vs Docker's simplified environment or exactly how PyCharm execs your commands from Java. For now, having a quick fix is enough. If anyone knows what's going on, please enlighten me.


I believe Julio Jones, Eddie Lacy, Randall Cobb, Devonta Freeman, T.Y. Hilton, Brandin Cooks, Doug Martin, John Brown, Ladarius Green, and Allen Hurns will see their usual workload today. Your decision to roster them at FanDuel should be based on value and expectation, with little concern for injury.
I'm more pessimistic on Chris Ivory, Demarco Murray, and Dwayne Allen, who may be active but aren't healthy enough to be heavily used. Eric Decker and Davante Adams haven't been ruled out yet, but are not expected to play. None of these players should be in your DFS lineup.
900 ET: Decker is active this morning but is still a clear fade.
That leaves a short list, but all four situations here are critical. I'll update these recommendations with any breaking news Sunday morning.
You can read my extended thoughts on Luck above the subscriber fold in my Sunday Expectations feature at Footballguys.
In short, until we hear otherwise, I see more reasons to fade Luck this morning than roster him. However, if Luck is healthy enough to convince the medical staff and coaches to start him today, the matchup and upside will change both recommendations above to LEAN TRUST.
900 ET: Luck will not play today per multiple media sources.
Since the details of Foster's surgery were reported, I've written I expect Foster to return between Week 2 and Week 4, with Week 4 the most likely return to play date. I do think Foster meets that expectation today. However, I also wrote that I expected Foster to be immediately ready for a full workload upon his return. I don't think Foster meets that expectation today.
Foster isn't a lock to be active, but his Friday media comments strongly suggested he'll play. Unfortunately, Foster also hinted he'd rotate with Alfred Blue and try to stay as fresh as possible for the Texans' Thursday night game against Indianapolis in four days. There's a slim chance Foster feels good early and is too effective to keep off the field. But I think 7-12 touches is much more likely than 15-20+ today.
I don't think Lynch will be active on Monday night. I don't think there's enough upside to put him in your flex spot in the hope he's a surprise active. And it's too much salary to leave on the table to pivot to Ameer Abdullah or Thomas Rawls and I don't think Calvin Johnson is a reasonable swap either. Avoid Lynch today.
Brees managed three consecutive limited practices and throwing sessions without a setback this week and is expected to play. However, the risk of in-game fatigue or setback or general ineffectiveness due to the injury and time off is just high enough to recommend avoiding Brees in all contests this week.


NEWBERRY COUNTY — It is well established that healthier children tend to have better grades, are more attentive in class and have fewer absences.
To better support South Carolina schools in creating healthier school environments, the BlueCross BlueShield of South Carolina Foundation is announcing its Wellness Inspired School Environment (WISE) grants, which are open to all public and private nonprofit schools in South Carolina serving grades K-12. One application from each school will be considered.
The Foundation is partnering with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation (AHG) and its Healthy Schools Program framework, which has been endorsed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). This framework develops and monitors progress toward a wellness action plan. Applicants can use the funds to implement activities from these wellness action plans.
Schools are a natural channel to encourage and foster this behavior because children spend more time at school than any other place outside of the home.
Article was published in The Newberry Observer.


text:
Social Media in Adolescent Health Literacy Education: A Pilot Study
Carrie KW Tse1, BHSc(Hons), BDS ;
Susan M Bridges2, BA, EdD, MA AppLing, Grad Cert TESOL, DipEd ;
Divya Parthasarathy Srinivasan1, BDS, PhD ;
Brenda SS Cheng1, BSc EDH, Grad Dip, MEd, PhD
1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
2The University of Hong Kong, Center for the Enhancement for Teaching and Learning/Faculty of Education, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
Susan M Bridges, BA, EdD, MA AppLing, Grad Cert TESOL, DipEd
Center for the Enhancement for Teaching and Learning/Faculty of Education
CPD.1.79, Centennial Campus
Pokfulam Road
Hong Kong, 00000
Email: sbridges@hku.hk
Background: While health literacy has gained notice on a global stage, the initial focus on seeking associations with medical conditions may have overlooked its impact across generations. Adolescent health literacy, specifically in dentistry, is an underexplored area despite the significance of this formative stage on an individual's approach to healthy lifestyles and behaviors.
Objective: The aim is to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of three major social media outlets - Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube - in supporting adolescents' oral health literacy (OHL) education.
Methods: A random sample of 22 adolescents (aged 14-16 years) from an English-medium international school in Hong Kong provided informed consent. Sociodemographic information, including English language background, social media usage, and dental experience were collected via a questionnaire. A pre- and post-test of OHL (REALD-30) was administered by two trained, calibrated examiners. Following pre-test, participants were randomly assigned to one of three social media outlets: Twitter, Facebook, or YouTube. Participants received alerts posted daily for 5 consecutive days requiring online accessing of modified and original OHL education materials. One-way ANOVA ( analysis of variance) was used to compare the mean difference between the pre- and the post-test results among the three social media.
Results: No associations were found between the social media allocated and participants' sociodemographics, including English language background, social media usage, and dental experience. Of the three social media, significant differences in literacy assessment scores were evident for participants who received oral health education messages via Facebook (P=.02) and YouTube (P=.005).
Conclusions: Based on the results of the pilot study, Facebook and YouTube may be more efficient media outlets for OHL promotion and education among adolescent school children when compared to Twitter. Further analyses with a larger study group is warranted.
social media;
health literacy;
oral health literacy;
dentistry;
adolescents;
oral health;
The notion of "health literacy" (HL) has established itself in the health care literature in the past 30 years [1] with increasing efforts made at adapting the concept to dental practice and oral health care research [2-10]. "Oral health literacy" (OHL) has, therefore, been defined as "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic oral and craniofacial health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions" [11]. Various instruments have been developed to measure the oral health literacy levels of individuals [12] as related to specific conditions such as early childhood caries [13] and periodontal problems [14]. Little work, however, has been undertaken to explore associations between HL across generations, especially adolescent populations.
Adolescence and Health Literacy
While low health literacy is prevalent among all age groups, adolescents, to a more limited extent than adults [15], have been indicated as a group worthy of particular attention, with little research on this topic conducted, to date, in secondary school environments [16]. The motivation to address adolescent HL can be viewed in chronological terms given that adolescents are both current "dependent users" as well as the future "independent users" of the health care system [16]. As such, adolescence is a crucial period for adapting lifelong health behaviors and habits and may be a key juncture for HL interventions supporting informed, health-seeking lifestyles across adulthood. Existing studies have established that low adolescent literacy/health literacy is associated with risky behaviors including tobacco use and aggression [17], obesity [18], and lower levels of health-promoting behaviors [19]. As health systems increasingly rely on internet usage and, as adolescents are the early adaptors of new technologies, the suggestion that access to online health services, presents another medium to build health literacy [20] could be relevant to this specific group.
Social Networking Websites
The increasing dependence of patients on social media websites as a source of health care information indicates a need for future studies to assess their impact on health care utilization and outcomes [21]. Emerging social media websites play a vital role in online health searches [22]. Studies in the United States have revealed high usage of Web 2.0 social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, MySpace, and Second Life among Americans aged 18-30 years with two thirds of the population claiming to have visited these sites frequently [23,24]. Facebook has continued to expand its features to compete with instant sharing of videos, images and text updates. For example, during the 2008 US election, almost 8% of people polled under age 30 became an online Facebook "friend" of one of the presidential candidates [25].
With more than 100 million videos being viewed on YouTube everyday [26], researchers are recognizing that YouTube holds value for personal health decision-making [27]. Twitter is another highly prominent and widely used medium with approximately 572,000 new accounts created in the month of March 2011 alone [28]. One recent study has used Twitter as a real-time avenue for monitoring public health, specifically for non-medical use of the psycho-stimulant drug, Adderall, among college students [29]. The effect of social media on oral health is under-researched, however, the available evidence demonstrates the importance of social media as a health education tool. Recent work has called for oral health care professionals to recognize the importance of social websites in shaping public opinion about their profession [30].
Adolescents and Media Literacy
Researchers have emphasized the need for empowerment education, particularly among children and adolescents [31-33], as an effective health education and prevention model for personal and social change [34-37]. Literature on media literacy and prevention has also demonstrated the importance of critical thinking skills for adolescents to make proper use of media and reduce health risk-taking [37-39]. Bergsma's 2004 analysis of media literacy and the American Legacy Foundation's Truth Campaign on tobacco misrepresentations indicated how younger generations "can be powerful advocates for social change through use of the media" [37]. In addition, she recommended that the primary focus of both media literacy and health promotion programs should be to identify the social concerns of youth in order to help them to channel their fresh perspective, unique energy and creativity toward accomplishing social change [37].
Life Course Analysis Theory for Social Determinants of Health
In addressing the need to examine health literacy and social media, this project has taken into account life course analysis theory into the social determinants of health. This approach focuses on individual levels and seeks to explore cognitive and affective processes determining behavior and lifestyle [38]. Research indicates that the stage of transition from primary to secondary school is a critical period in determining the health status of individuals and levels of health inequalities [39]. Life course analysis, therefore, places its focus on social context and the interaction between people and their environments in the passage through life [38]. Drawing on this theory, this study further explores the "importance of timing" and identifies "windows of opportunity" for adolescents [40] by conducting an oral health literacy intervention utilizing three major social media outlets, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, with secondary school students. A core research question was, which social media platform has a greater impact on adolescents' development of oral health literacy? Ultimately, the goal of this study is to produce greater understandings for health promotion providers on how to better utilize social media to disseminate health messages for the purposes of preventative and long-term benefits for adolescents and their future oral health.
This was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted on a random sample of 22 English-speaking adolescents (aged 14-16 years) recruited from grades 9 and 10 in an English-medium international school in Hong Kong. The parents were contacted through the school with an explanation of the objectives of the study and written informed consent was obtained. Participation was voluntary and no additional efforts were made to enroll the participants. Eligibility criteria included healthy, English-speaking participants who were 14-16 years old. Each social medium was randomly assigned to the study population in order to reduce the probability of bias. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (UW-12-385).
Two pre-trained examiners independently conducted the pre- and post-test oral health literacy assessments (REALD-30) and a good inter-examiner agreement was found with Kappa statistics [41]. As a validated word recognition instrument, REALD-30 was developed particularly for the oral health context [7]. It is interview-based, requiring participants to read aloud a list of 30 oral health-realted words arranged in increasing order of difficulty ( time is 2 minutes).
For the OHL education phase, participants received alerts posted daily for 5 consective days requiring online accessing of the modified and original OHL education materials which were reviewed by an expert panel. The online oral health education materials originated from multiple sources: public information provided by the Hong Kong Department of Health [42], educational websites, YouTube videos, and original materials developed and reviewed by an expert panel for this study. These were, therefore, seen as relevant to the target group. Any adaptations of existing online materials were based on the modality of the target social networking medium (ie, text-only-Twitter, video-YouTube, and still images and text-Facebook). Each message posted on the particular social media outlet contained the same principal message.
Data analyses were carried out using the Predictive Analytic Software (PASW) statistics version 18.0. The inter-examiner reliability was assessed with Kappa statistics. Descriptive statistics were produced to examine the profile of the study group followed by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), a statistical method used to test the differences between two or more means. Two sets of analyses were undertaken. First, significant differences of the mean between the three social media groups with respect to participants' sociodemographic characteristics were examined with Fischer's exact test. Second, the mean difference between the pre- and the post-tests of participants among the three social media groups were compared.
Table 1 presents the sociodemographic profile of the study group. After random allocation, there was equal distribution of participants in both Grade 9 and 10 who received YouTube and Twitter, whereas 75% of Grade 9 students received Facebook. The average age of participants was approximately 14-15 years; the ratio of boys to girls was slightly higher in the YouTube group. More than 87.5% of the group's parents were employed with a monthly family income of over HKD 40,000. Of the participants, 60% were born in Hong Kong with predominantly 90% being of Chinese ethnicity. There was significant difference found with participants' birth country (P=.02). Participant's average years of speaking English were mixed but over 50% reported having spoken English for 5-10 years. Over 60% of the subjects reported regular past dental attendance.
Twitter (n=6) Facebook (n=8) YouTube (n=8) P valued
n Valid % n Valid % n Valid %
Grade 9 4 66.7 6 75.0 4 50.0 0.66
Grade 10 2 33.3 2 25.0 4 50.0
14 years old 3 50.0 6 75.0 4 50.0 0.83
15 years old 2 33.3 2 25.0 3 37.5
16 years old 1 16.7 - - 1 12.5
Male 3 50.0 4 50.0 5 62.5 1.00
Female 3 50.0 4 50.0 3 37.5
Parent's employment
Unemployed - - 1 12.5 - - 1.00
Employed 6 100.0 7 87.5 8 100.0
China 3 50.0 - - - - 0.02
Hong Kong 3 50.0 7 87.5 7 87.5
Others - - 1 12.5 - -
Ethnicitya
Chinese 1 100.0 7 87.5 1 100.0 1.00
Years of speaking English
5-10 years 5 83.3 3 37.5 6 75.0 0.22
11-16 years 1 16.7 5 62.5 2 25.0
Parent's incomeb
<30000HKD - - - - - - 1.00
30000-40000HKD - - 1 14.3 - -
>40000HKD 6 100.0 6 85.7 6 100.0
Dental experience
Irregular 2 33.3 - - 2 25.0 0.28
Regular 4 66.7 8 100.0 6 75.0
Social media experience
Seldom - - 1 12.5 1 12.5 0.32
Sometimes 1 16.7 1 15.4 - -
Often 1 16.7 5 62.5 4 50.0
Always 4 66.7 1 12.5 3 37.5
a12 participants did not complete this section
b3 participants did not complete this section
c1USD = 7.76HKD
dP-value of 2-sided Fisher's exact test (in 2 decimal places); Fisher's exact test was used to compare the proportions among the 3 different media groups.
Table 1. Sociodemographic profile of the study group (n=22).
Evaluation Outcomes
The self-reported social media experience was mixed between the three social media groups (Table 1). One-way ANOVA between the three groups revealed no significant associations between the social medium allocated and participants' sociodemographics, including English language background, social media usage, and dental experience. The descriptive statistics of the pre- and post-test scores are shown in Table 2. Of the three social media, higher literacy scores were found in subjects who recieved oral health education messages via Facebook (P=.02) and YouTube (P=.005). There was high inter-examiner reliability with the kappa value as 0.81.
Pre-Test Post-Test P valuea
Mean SD Min Max Mean SD Min Max
Twitter 16.17 1.83 14.00 19.00 18.00 3.90 15.00 25.00 .32
Facebook 14.50 5.40 7.00 22.00 17.38 4.62 13.00 24.00 .02
YouTube 14.50 5.42 7.00 21.00 18.63 3.42 14.00 24.00 .005
aOne-way ANOVA
Table 2. REALD-30 scores pre- and post-test (score out of 30).
Principal Results
The results of this pilot study indicate that the social media websites YouTube and Facebook may be more effective in increasing the levels of oral health literacy among adolescents when compared to a short, text message format such as Twitter. This may suggest that the additional audio-visual delivery of health education may improve (oral) health literacy levels more than a solely text-based medium. New Web 2.0 technologies have afforded multimodal literacies and ways to learn with multiliteracy research indicating that students engaged in learning that incorporates multimodal designs, on average, outperform students who learn using print-based, single modes only [43]. Our results support this work as those participants who received messages from Facebook and YouTube with visual plus text or audio-visual information scored significantly higher than text-based Twitter. Indeed, new instruments are embracing this need to assess multi-literacies within health literacy research [44]. However, due to the small number of participants in the pilot study, a larger sample size would make this implication more convincing.
Life-Course Analysis
In addition to highlighting the utility of social media for health literacy interventions and assessments, the results of this study support the life course analysis theory of the social determinants of health. Life course analysis is a sociological framework emphasizing that life decisions and behaviors are shaped by age, social structures, and historical change [45]. Facebook, as one of the most popular social networking sites is a new historical change in how we interact socially. Life course analysis also places focus on social context and the interaction between people and their environments in the passage through life [38]. The opportunity to increase engagement and interaction of digitally-connected adolescent learners through social media signals potential benefits for improving adolescent literacy [46].
Comparison With Prior Works
This is a pilot study to explore the effects of social media on the oral health literacy levels of adolescents. The literature indicates that social networks and participatory videos with medical and dental content have started to gain influence in opinion formation by the members of the general public [40,47-51]. The importance of the wide availability and potential influence of YouTube videos regarding dentistry were emphasized in the study by Knosel et al which found that "education videos have a higher degree of usefulness and informational value for laypersons, dental students, and dental professionals than those found in the broader search category" [30]. A recent review has emphasized the importance of social media for disease surveillance concluding that "the growing evidence base regarding the utility of social media for disease surveillance will hopefully encourage academia, industry, the public service, and international organizations to consider social media in a serious light, particularly as a means of engagement rather than just disseminating information" [52].
The study's results have to be considered in light of its limitations. First, this was a pilot study with a smaller sample size. The sociodemographic variations in the sample were not apparent. More work with larger sample sizes would support further exploration of the influence of sociodemographic variations and the effects of social networks on the oral health literacy levels of adolescents. Second, the participants were recruited from a high socioeconomic status group (monthly income ≥HKD 40,000). This could induce the probability of bias, if one is to infer increased access to technology and these social media because of financial status [53]. Third, this is cross-sectional study, and it would be difficult to establish causality if another time frame was chosen. Finally, the use of a simple word recognition instrument REALD-30 might also be a source of bias, because of its inability to measure the other dimensions (numeracy, reading comprehension, and conceptual knowledge) of oral health literacy [12,44]. However, the study has its own strengths both in terms of innovative material design and target population as well as its attention to the digital aspects of health literacy [53]. The result of future studies with larger sample sizes will also enable health care providers and educators to tailor simplified oral health education materials.
Based on the preliminary results of this pilot study, it has been possible to conclude that the audio-visual social media of Facebook and YouTube may be more efficient for oral health promotion amongst a sample of adolescent school children when compared to a simple text-based medium such as Twitter.
The authors would like to acknowledge funding support from the Undergraduate Research Programme (2012) awarded by the Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. We also appreciate the research assistance provided by Ms Li Kar Yan and the support of the participating school students and their teachers.
Oral health educational materials.
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ANOVA: analysis of variance
HL: health literacy
OHL: oral health literacy
REALD-30: Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry
Edited by G Eysenbach; submitted 29.01.14; peer-reviewed by H Spallek, A Bleckmann; comments to author 27.08.14; revised version received 23.10.14; accepted 23.11.14; published 09.03.15
©Carrie KW Tse, Susan M Bridges, Divya Parthasarathy Srinivasan, Brenda SS Cheng. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 09.03.2015.


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Heart-Healthy Supplements: How Certain Supplements Support Heart Health
If you're a health-conscious consumer focused on your cardiovascular system, congratulations: You're getting to the heart of the matter when it comes long-term health. It takes effort, but rest assured that shoring up your cardiovascular health is worthwhile.
That's because heart disease remains the leading cause of death among men and women in the developed world. Cancer is edging cardiovascular disease (CVD) out in some places. But overall, CVD remains the single biggest threat most people face. Enhanced healthspan—meaning additional years of life marked by good enough physical health to enjoy them—is possible for most people alive today. Advances in everything from sanitation to vaccination have combined to significantly extend lifespan today, compared to previous generations.
Toward a Longer Healthspan
The notion of the healthspan was introduced largely in recognition of this achievement. We're living much longer now. As such, many formerly rare diseases are becoming all-too common. These infirmities, often associated with advanced age, are not necessarily inevitable.
We've learned, for example, that staying active—both physically and mentally—is crucial for retaining one's mobility and mental acuity. Diet plays a large role, too. Since the end of WWII, it's become clear that diet and nutrition play a big role in achieving a desirable healthspan. Although, to be fair, the importance of diet is nothing new. Thousands of years ago, the father of medicine, Hippocrates, famously wrote, "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Hippocrates was clearly on to something.
A largely plant-based diet, supplemented with seafood, may be the healthiest dietary pattern of all, according to new and emerging research. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, herbs, and other plant foods are clearly linked to better overall health, characterized by healthy body weight, normal blood pressure, normal blood sugar levels, and an optimally functioning immune system.
On the other hand, diets featuring processed foods, simple carbs, lots of fat—and especially, lots of sugar—are inherently damaging to longterm health. Much of that damage can be traced to atherosclerosis, which begins in the blood vessels and may eventually lead to heart disease.
Sadly, the high-fat/high-carb/low-vegetable diet is closer to the typical American diet than any vegetarian model. Not surprisingly, a majority of American adults are now overweight or obese. Many also suffer from numerous heart disease risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol levels, and aberrant blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes, also related to poor diet and inadequate exercise, is also at epidemic proportions.
Supplements for Heart Health
In addition to following a healthy diet and lifestyle (which includes plenty of exercise, and consistent, adequate sleep), certain heart health supplements may help contribute to overall healthy lifestyle. Here's a brief sampling.
Fish Oil/Omega-3 Fatty Acids
There are three forms of essential omega-3 fatty acids. By definition, we must have two of these, and we can only obtain them from the diet. Basically, that means cold-water fish and/or fish oil. Vegans and some vegetarians rely on plant sources, such as flaxseed or walnuts, to obtain these essential nutrients. Vegans should be aware, though, that the plant form of omega-3s must be converted within the body to the two forms the body actually uses. This process is highly inefficient, however, so it may be wise to supplement with fish oil.
Fish get these crucial nutrients from microalgae in the sea. If you do not eat fish or seafood, you should consider taking fish oil supplements. Whether it's harvested from salmon, tuna, or tiny crustaceans called krill, supplemental omega-3s play a key role in regulating the immune response. In essence, these nutrients are anti-inflammatory in the body. Many of our most troubling modern lifestyle diseases—including atherosclerosis and cancer—are linked to low-grade inflammation in the body. Getting adequate omega-3s in the diet—on a regular basis—can help quell this form of inflammation.
CoQ10 is available as a supplement taken by mouth. This chemical is found in virtually every cell in the body. It's a mitochondrial co-factor, which means that it facilitates the production of energy at the sub-cellular level. It's also one of the body's few fat-soluble antioxidant molecules. That means that unlike water-soluble antioxidants, such as vitamin C, CoQ10 is capable of entering the cells to quench damaging free radicals. Levels of this key compound tend to fall as we age. Supplementing may help restore energy levels. CoQ10 is especially beneficial to the heart, because heart muscle tissue works hard and requires an especially large amount of ready energy to work at peak efficiency.
Dietary nitrates, from foods rich in these compounds (such as raw beets, spinach, etc.) help provide the raw materials the body needs to regulate blood pressure efficiently. If you are unwilling or unable to consume foods rich in these phytonutrients, it may make sense to supplement with extracts that can supply them.
Magnesium, Zinc, Potassium and Selenium
The essential micronutrients listed above all play important roles in regulating blood pressure and maintaining healthy immune system function. If your blood pressure is high, and you've been told to consume less sodium (from table salt), you may not have been told that potassium and magnesium may also help counteract the effects of too much sodium in the diet.
Research suggests that many Americans do not get adequate amounts of nutrients such as magnesium in the diet. Incidentally, selenium is best obtained by eating 2-3 Brazil nuts per day. These nuts are especially high in selenium. Limit your intake to no more than 3 per day, however. Excess selenium is not desirable.
Fresh garlic and aged garlic supplements are both excellent for the cardiovascular system.
How to Keep Your Heart Healthy during American Heart…
Daily Activities to Help Keep Your Heart Healthy
Best Heart-Healthy Desserts
Heart-Healthy Snacks On the Go
Ways to Combat High Blood Pressure with a Heart-Healthy Diet
Heart Healthy Sides
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Alehagen U, Alexander J, Aaseth J. Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Reduces Cardiovascular Mortality in Elderly with Low Selenium Status. A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Clinical Trial. Song Y, ed. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(7):e0157541. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157541.
Chakraborti S, Chakraborti T, Mandal M, Mandal A, Das S, Ghosh S. Protective role of magnesium in cardiovascular diseases: a review. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Sep;238(1-2):163-79.
Colussi G, Catena C, Novello M, Bertin N, Sechi LA. Impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function and blood pressure: Relevance for cardiovascular outcomes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Mar;27(3):191-200. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.07.011. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Karalis DG. A Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Focus on High Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Advances in Therapy. 2017;34(2):300-323. doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0462-y.
Seelig M. Magnesium: its role in nutrition and carcinogenesis. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2013;64(3):165-71.
Zeng Y, Li Y, Yang J, et al. Therapeutic Role of Functional Components in Alliums for Preventive Chronic Disease in Human Being. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2017;2017:9402849. doi:10.1155/2017/9402849.
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Tones Cilantro is the leaf of a hardy herb, Coriandrum sativum, the seed of which is coriander seed. The seed and the leaves have decidedly different tastes and are used in quite different foods. Coriander Seed is one of the principle ingredients in Curry Powder.


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Matt LeBlanc and Chris Harris go to Norway to test drive Porsche and Ferrari estate cars, while Rory Reid and Sabine Schmitz create a mountain. With guest James Marsden.
Matt LeBlanc and Chris Harris take a trip across Sri Lanka in tuk-tuks. Professor Green is this week's Star in a Reasonably Fast Car, and a pair of saloons are put to the test.
Matt LeBlanc and Chris Harris are both tasked with reviewing the new Bentley Continental GT, while Rory Reid tests the new Renault Megane hot hatch. Out on track, Chris attempts to tame the scariest Porsche 911 of all time.
Matt LeBlanc, Chris Harris and Rory Reid buy used luxury limousines from Rolls-Royce, Bentley and Mercedes for the price of Britain's cheapest new car, and test them out in a six-hour endurance race at Silverstone.
Matt LeBlanc samples the new Aston Martin V8 Vantage on track, while Rory Reid tests the self-proclaimed 'best car in the world', the Rolls-Royce Phantom. Chris Harris explains why a Ford Fiesta is better than a Lamborghini.


Nearly fully developed, the skin is still smooth and thin and baby's lungs are nearly mature.
How big is my baby at 35 weeks?
I am 33 weeks pregnant, but measure 38 weeks. Is there a reason why my baby is growing more than normal?
I'm 35 weeks pregnant and have been told that although the baby measures 35 weeks my uterus only measures 32 weeks. Is this a problem?
I am 30 weeks and my baby has still not kicked-but I do feel movements. Is something wrong?


Heading South on South College Road, pass Shipyard and Holly Tree Roads. Get in the Left-Turn Only lane at the light at Pine Valley Drive. Go two tenths of a mile down Pine Valley Drive. Driveway and parking is on the right, before the Stop Sign.
Heading North on South College Road, pass 17th Street and Bragg Drive. Turn right at Pine Valley Drive. Go two tenths of a mile down Pine Valley Drive. Driveway and parking is on the right, before the Stop Sign.