text:
Szuhajława (; , Szugajłowo) – wieś na Białorusi, w obwodzie witebskim, w rejonie orszańskim, w sielsowiecie Krapiuna, nad doliną Dniepru.

Historia
8 września 1514 pomiędzy Szuhajławą i Paszyną wojska polsko-litewskie pod dowództwem hetmana wielkiego litewskiego Konstantego Ostrogskiego stoczyły zwycięską bitwę z wojskami Wielkiego Księstwa Moskiewskiego. Wersja ta obecna jest w polskiej historiografii (m.in. Otton Laskowski). Wśród białoruskich historyków za miejsce bitwy podawane są również okolice wsi Haćkauszczyna. Z powodu braku szczegółowych badań, nie można potwierdzić żadnej z tych wersji.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Wsie w rejonie orszańskim


Jamie, ANZ's new digital assistant, starts work this week to help customers with some of their general banking queries.
The avatar has been programmed to answer questions on 30 of the most frequently searched-for topics on the Help section of anz.co.nz.
"Through the trial, we want to see if Jamie will appeal to those who might not be as comfortable using our other digital channels," says Liz Maguire, head of digital and transformation at ANZ Bank.
The digital assistant was developed in partnership with Soul Machines, which has made a name globally in humanising artificial intelligence.
"One of the things that is really exciting about this project is that we are starting to understand some of the benefits we can deliver for ANZ's customers," says Greg Cross, chief business officer at Soul Machines.
ANZ says Jamie is 'brought to life' using Soul Machines' Human Computing Engine (HCE) – a virtual nervous system that is modelled on the way the human brain and nervous system work. The HCE allows Jamie to express personality and character in a human-like way.
ANZ says initial feedback from staff and customers has been positive. Around 90 per cent of customers who have spoken to Jamie think it is a good idea for ANZ to introduce the technology.
Don Whiteside, head of emerging technologies at ANZ, says initially, the team considered building a chatbot.
He says a member of their team, Kirstin Marcon, specifically writes the content for Jamie. Marcon has a background in filmmaking, and is experienced in writing scripts that portray believable characters.
He says Jamie is very much in trainee mode, and even wears a trainee badge.
"We train Jamie from the saved transcripts of conversations with customers. She doesn't learn autonomously yet as we don't want her to learn any bad habits," he says.
Jamie has a human face, voice and expressions. Jamie can answer general questions and does not require any specific customer information.
ANZ Bank is among the growing number of organisations deploying digital assistants to deal with common customer queries.
Among these is Air New Zealand, which introduced 'Sophie' at the US launch last year of its global marketing campaign. Sophie underwent training prior to the US launch, including teaching her about New Zealand and Air New Zealand, tweaking her Kiwi accent and perfecting her facial expressions.The airline's first foray into AI was through online chatbot Oscar to assist customers with commonly asked queries.
Auckland Airport also deployed Vai, which stands for Virtual Assistant Interface (Vai), its 'digital' biosecurity officer. "Vai frees up our officers' time so they can deal with the really important aspects of their role," says Brett Hickman, detection technology officer at the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI).
Dr Elinor Swery, solutions architect at Soul Machines, talks about the work that goes behind the development of digital humans.
"It is a complete process, like employing a new person in your company," says Swery, who spoke on the topic at the IBM Think NZ in May.
Google AI, which is used by ANZ's Jamie, or IBM Watson provide the expertise in the natural language process used by the digital humans, combining the power of emotional intelligence and AI.
She says this involves creating the digital DNA of the person, a virtual nervous system that will give them the autonomous power to recreate the way they interact with humans, including their mannerisms and facial expressions.
The benefits are immense, she says.
For instance, one of the projects they worked on was for a provider of services for the disabled. "That means people who do not normally have access to this information can interact with them in the comfort of their own home, 24x7, in a way that is suitable for them," says Swery.
In a recent report, Gartner predicts through 2022, organisations that use AI augmentation, such as digital assistants, as an essential element in their digital workplace, will boost employee Net Promoter Score by 20 per cent.
During that time too, one in five workers engaged mostly in non-routine tasks will rely on AI to do their jobs, according to Gartner analysts Manjunath Bhat, and Matthew W. Cain.
The Gartner analysts point out all jobs will have both nonroutine and routine work.
Plan to augment, but not completely replace, traditional human-facing channels for support functions to avoid negative impact on customer satisfaction.
"Creative aspects of work tend to produce eustress (as opposed to distress), a stress response resulting from positive emotions such a sense of accomplishment or empowerment. As AI takes the monotony out of work, employees can unlock latent skills by shifting focus to more creative, nonroutine aspects of the job," they write.
The Gartner report also cautions organisations to avoid the temptation of eliminating humans in the work loop.
"Depending on the nature of the change, the AI model may be slow or unable to react to fundamental assumptions that applied when it was trained. Much damage could be caused before the human-machine disconnect is noticed," it states.
Thus, the report recommends application leaders responsible for the digital workplace to "plan to augment, but not completely replace, traditional human-facing channels for support functions to avoid negative impact on customer satisfaction.
They should also "use AI process automation to scale business processes, but rely on deep domain expertise in people to improve the quality of automation."


text:
package keybase1

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
)

type EncryptedGitMetadata struct {
	V   int                  `codec:"v" json:"v"`
	E   []byte               `codec:"e" json:"e"`
	N   BoxNonce             `codec:"n" json:"n"`
	Gen PerTeamKeyGeneration `codec:"gen" json:"gen"`
}

func (o EncryptedGitMetadata) DeepCopy() EncryptedGitMetadata {
	return EncryptedGitMetadata{
		V: o.V,
		E: (func(x []byte) []byte {
			if x == nil {
				return nil
			}
			return append([]byte{}, x...)
		})(o.E),
		N:   o.N.DeepCopy(),
		Gen: o.Gen.DeepCopy(),
	}
}

type RepoID string

func (o RepoID) DeepCopy() RepoID {
	return o
}

type GitLocalMetadataVersion int

const (
	GitLocalMetadataVersion_V1 GitLocalMetadataVersion = 1
)

func (o GitLocalMetadataVersion) DeepCopy() GitLocalMetadataVersion { return o }

var GitLocalMetadataVersionMap = map[string]GitLocalMetadataVersion{
	"V1": 1,
}

var GitLocalMetadataVersionRevMap = map[GitLocalMetadataVersion]string{
	1: "V1",
}

func (e GitLocalMetadataVersion) String() string {
	if v, ok := GitLocalMetadataVersionRevMap[e]; ok {
		return v
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", int(e))
}

type GitLocalMetadataV1 struct {
	RepoName GitRepoName `codec:"repoName" json:"repoName"`
}

func (o GitLocalMetadataV1) DeepCopy() GitLocalMetadataV1 {
	return GitLocalMetadataV1{
		RepoName: o.RepoName.DeepCopy(),
	}
}

type GitLocalMetadataVersioned struct {
	Version__ GitLocalMetadataVersion `codec:"version" json:"version"`
	V1__      *GitLocalMetadataV1     `codec:"v1,omitempty" json:"v1,omitempty"`
}

func (o *GitLocalMetadataVersioned) Version() (ret GitLocalMetadataVersion, err error) {
	switch o.Version__ {
	case GitLocalMetadataVersion_V1:
		if o.V1__ == nil {
			err = errors.New("unexpected nil value for V1__")
			return ret, err
		}
	}
	return o.Version__, nil
}

func (o GitLocalMetadataVersioned) V1() (res GitLocalMetadataV1) {
	if o.Version__ != GitLocalMetadataVersion_V1 {
		panic("wrong case accessed")
	}
	if o.V1__ == nil {
		return
	}
	return *o.V1__
}

func NewGitLocalMetadataVersionedWithV1(v GitLocalMetadataV1) GitLocalMetadataVersioned {
	return GitLocalMetadataVersioned{
		Version__: GitLocalMetadataVersion_V1,
		V1__:      &v,
	}
}

func (o GitLocalMetadataVersioned) DeepCopy() GitLocalMetadataVersioned {
	return GitLocalMetadataVersioned{
		Version__: o.Version__.DeepCopy(),
		V1__: (func(x *GitLocalMetadataV1) *GitLocalMetadataV1 {
			if x == nil {
				return nil
			}
			tmp := (*x).DeepCopy()
			return &tmp
		})(o.V1__),
	}
}

type GitCommit struct {
	CommitHash  string `codec:"commitHash" json:"commitHash"`
	Message     string `codec:"message" json:"message"`
	AuthorName  string `codec:"authorName" json:"authorName"`
	AuthorEmail string `codec:"authorEmail" json:"authorEmail"`
	Ctime       Time   `codec:"ctime" json:"ctime"`
}

func (o GitCommit) DeepCopy() GitCommit {
	return GitCommit{
		CommitHash:  o.CommitHash,
		Message:     o.Message,
		AuthorName:  o.AuthorName,
		AuthorEmail: o.AuthorEmail,
		Ctime:       o.Ctime.DeepCopy(),
	}
}

type GitPushType int

const (
	GitPushType_DEFAULT    GitPushType = 0
	GitPushType_CREATEREPO GitPushType = 1
	GitPushType_RENAMEREPO GitPushType = 3
)

func (o GitPushType) DeepCopy() GitPushType { return o }

var GitPushTypeMap = map[string]GitPushType{
	"DEFAULT":    0,
	"CREATEREPO": 1,
	"RENAMEREPO": 3,
}

var GitPushTypeRevMap = map[GitPushType]string{
	0: "DEFAULT",
	1: "CREATEREPO",
	3: "RENAMEREPO",
}

func (e GitPushType) String() string {
	if v, ok := GitPushTypeRevMap[e]; ok {
		return v
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", int(e))
}

type GitRefMetadata struct {
	RefName              string      `codec:"refName" json:"refName"`
	Commits              []GitCommit `codec:"commits" json:"commits"`
	MoreCommitsAvailable bool        `codec:"moreCommitsAvailable" json:"moreCommitsAvailable"`
	IsDelete             bool        `codec:"isDelete" json:"isDelete"`
}

func (o GitRefMetadata) DeepCopy() GitRefMetadata {
	return GitRefMetadata{
		RefName: o.RefName,
		Commits: (func(x []GitCommit) []GitCommit {
			if x == nil {
				return nil
			}
			ret := make([]GitCommit, len(x))
			for i, v := range x {
				vCopy := v.DeepCopy()
				ret[i] = vCopy
			}
			return ret
		})(o.Commits),
		MoreCommitsAvailable: o.MoreCommitsAvailable,
		IsDelete:             o.IsDelete,
	}
}

type GitLocalMetadata struct {
	RepoName         GitRepoName      `codec:"repoName" json:"repoName"`
	Refs             []GitRefMetadata `codec:"refs" json:"refs"`
	PushType         GitPushType      `codec:"pushType" json:"pushType"`
	PreviousRepoName GitRepoName      `codec:"previousRepoName" json:"previousRepoName"`
}

func (o GitLocalMetadata) DeepCopy() GitLocalMetadata {
	return GitLocalMetadata{
		RepoName: o.RepoName.DeepCopy(),
		Refs: (func(x []GitRefMetadata) []GitRefMetadata {
			if x == nil {
				return nil
			}
			ret := make([]GitRefMetadata, len(x))
			for i, v := range x {
				vCopy := v.DeepCopy()
				ret[i] = vCopy
			}
			return ret
		})(o.Refs),
		PushType:         o.PushType.DeepCopy(),
		PreviousRepoName: o.PreviousRepoName.DeepCopy(),
	}
}

type GitServerMetadata struct {
	Ctime                   Time     `codec:"ctime" json:"ctime"`
	Mtime                   Time     `codec:"mtime" json:"mtime"`
	LastModifyingUsername   string   `codec:"lastModifyingUsername" json:"lastModifyingUsername"`
	LastModifyingDeviceID   DeviceID `codec:"lastModifyingDeviceID" json:"lastModifyingDeviceID"`
	LastModifyingDeviceName string   `codec:"lastModifyingDeviceName" json:"lastModifyingDeviceName"`
}

func (o GitServerMetadata) DeepCopy() GitServerMetadata {
	return GitServerMetadata{
		Ctime: o.Ctime.DeepCopy(),
		Mtime: o.Mtime.DeepCopy(),
		LastModifyingUsername:   o.LastModifyingUsername,
		LastModifyingDeviceID:   o.LastModifyingDeviceID.DeepCopy(),
		LastModifyingDeviceName: o.LastModifyingDeviceName,
	}
}

type GitRepoResultState int

const (
	GitRepoResultState_ERR GitRepoResultState = 0
	GitRepoResultState_OK  GitRepoResultState = 1
)

func (o GitRepoResultState) DeepCopy() GitRepoResultState { return o }

var GitRepoResultStateMap = map[string]GitRepoResultState{
	"ERR": 0,
	"OK":  1,
}

var GitRepoResultStateRevMap = map[GitRepoResultState]string{
	0: "ERR",
	1: "OK",
}

func (e GitRepoResultState) String() string {
	if v, ok := GitRepoResultStateRevMap[e]; ok {
		return v
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", int(e))
}

type GitRepoResult struct {
	State__ GitRepoResultState `codec:"state" json:"state"`
	Err__   *string            `codec:"err,omitempty" json:"err,omitempty"`
	Ok__    *GitRepoInfo       `codec:"ok,omitempty" json:"ok,omitempty"`
}

func (o *GitRepoResult) State() (ret GitRepoResultState, err error) {
	switch o.State__ {
	case GitRepoResultState_ERR:
		if o.Err__ == nil {
			err = errors.New("unexpected nil value for Err__")
			return ret, err
		}
	case GitRepoResultState_OK:
		if o.Ok__ == nil {
			err = errors.New("unexpected nil value for Ok__")
			return ret, err
		}
	}
	return o.State__, nil
}

func (o GitRepoResult) Err() (res string) {
	if o.State__ != GitRepoResultState_ERR {
		panic("wrong case accessed")
	}
	if o.Err__ == nil {
		return
	}
	return *o.Err__
}

func (o GitRepoResult) Ok() (res GitRepoInfo) {
	if o.State__ != GitRepoResultState_OK {
		panic("wrong case accessed")
	}
	if o.Ok__ == nil {
		return
	}
	return *o.Ok__
}

func NewGitRepoResultWithErr(v string) GitRepoResult {
	return GitRepoResult{
		State__: GitRepoResultState_ERR,
		Err__:   &v,
	}
}

func NewGitRepoResultWithOk(v GitRepoInfo) GitRepoResult {
	return GitRepoResult{
		State__: GitRepoResultState_OK,
		Ok__:    &v,
	}
}

func (o GitRepoResult) DeepCopy() GitRepoResult {
	return GitRepoResult{
		State__: o.State__.DeepCopy(),
		Err__: (func(x *string) *string {
			if x == nil {
				return nil
			}
			tmp := (*x)
			return &tmp
		})(o.Err__),
		Ok__: (func(x *GitRepoInfo) *GitRepoInfo {
			if x == nil {
				return nil
			}
			tmp := (*x).DeepCopy()
			return &tmp
		})(o.Ok__),
	}
}

type GitRepoInfo struct {
	Folder           FolderHandle         `codec:"folder" json:"folder"`
	RepoID           RepoID               `codec:"repoID" json:"repoID"`
	LocalMetadata    GitLocalMetadata     `codec:"localMetadata" json:"localMetadata"`
	ServerMetadata   GitServerMetadata    `codec:"serverMetadata" json:"serverMetadata"`
	RepoUrl          string               `codec:"repoUrl" json:"repoUrl"`
	GlobalUniqueID   string               `codec:"globalUniqueID" json:"globalUniqueID"`
	CanDelete        bool                 `codec:"canDelete" json:"canDelete"`
	TeamRepoSettings *GitTeamRepoSettings `codec:"teamRepoSettings,omitempty" json:"teamRepoSettings,omitempty"`
}

func (o GitRepoInfo) DeepCopy() GitRepoInfo {
	return GitRepoInfo{
		Folder:         o.Folder.DeepCopy(),
		RepoID:         o.RepoID.DeepCopy(),
		LocalMetadata:  o.LocalMetadata.DeepCopy(),
		ServerMetadata: o.ServerMetadata.DeepCopy(),
		RepoUrl:        o.RepoUrl,
		GlobalUniqueID: o.GlobalUniqueID,
		CanDelete:      o.CanDelete,
		TeamRepoSettings: (func(x *GitTeamRepoSettings) *GitTeamRepoSettings {
			if x == nil {
				return nil
			}
			tmp := (*x).DeepCopy()
			return &tmp
		})(o.TeamRepoSettings),
	}
}

type GitTeamRepoSettings struct {
	ChannelName  *string `codec:"channelName,omitempty" json:"channelName,omitempty"`
	ChatDisabled bool    `codec:"chatDisabled" json:"chatDisabled"`
}

func (o GitTeamRepoSettings) DeepCopy() GitTeamRepoSettings {
	return GitTeamRepoSettings{
		ChannelName: (func(x *string) *string {
			if x == nil {
				return nil
			}
			tmp := (*x)
			return &tmp
		})(o.ChannelName),
		ChatDisabled: o.ChatDisabled,
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}

Optical nanofibers with a waist diameter smaller than the wavelength of the guided light are currently used for non-linear optics, atomic physics, sensing, and fiber coupling \cite{Kien2004,Leon-Saval2004,Vetsch2010}. The intense evanescent field outside of an optical nanofiber is particularly interesting for atom trapping and strong atom-photon coupling. Tapering standard optical fiber down to submicron diameters has been a successful fabrication technique for a variety of applications \cite{Tong2003,Birks1992,Jiang2006,Nayak2011,Wuttke2012}, in which transmissions of the fundamental mode of the waveguide reaching more than 99\% have been achieved \cite{Tong2003, Brambilla2004}. Until now, the efficient guidance of higher-order modes has not been observed, due to the ease with which they couple to other modes, leading to large losses. This restricts most work with nanofibers to the single mode regime, where the diameter is small enough to only support the fundamental mode $HE_{11}$ \cite{Vetsch2010,Spillane2003}.

This paper reports measurements with nanofibers using the first excited $TE_{01}$, $TM_{01}$, and $HE_{21}$ modes, which have azimuthal, radial, and hybrid polarization states, respectively. Prior work on higher-order mode propagation has shown $\approx$30\% transmission of this $LP_{11}$ family of modes~\cite{Frawley2012}, with a mode purity at the fiber output of $\approx$70\%, which gives a total transmission of only 20\%. Here, by carefully controlling the taper geometry, and by choosing a commercially available 50 micron reduced-cladding-diameter fiber with increased numerical aperture, we demonstrate transmissions greater than $97\%$ for light of 780~nm wavelength in the first excited $LP_{11}$ family of modes through fibers with a 350 nm waist radius. Furthermore, we present a setup that enables us to efficiently launch these three modes with exceedingly high purity at the output, where less than $1\%$ of the light is coupled to the fundamental mode \cite{Fatemi2011}. We follow the work of \cite{Warken2007b} to fabricate the nanofibers and use a series of diagnostics during the pull to monitor the quality of the fiber. We record the total transmission of the light and image the mode exiting the fiber for the duration of the pull. Analysis of the transmission as a function of time for different types of fibers allows us to estimate which modes are excited during the pull as well as their relative energies of excitation through the use of spectrograms \cite{Ravets2013}.

These results open the way to efficiently use higher-order modes in optical nanofibers. Unlike the $HE_{11}$ mode, higher-order modes experience a cutoff at a finite radius. This allows improved control of the evanescent field extent at large radii, enabling stronger fibers and improved handling characteristics. Our work enables the usage of higher-order modes for atomic physics applications. In particular, the spatial interference between several of those modes can create unique evanescent field distributions on the waist, providing an easy and self-consistent way to break the symmetry along the propagation axis, suppressing the need to create a standing wave. This is particularly relevant to atomic physics applications for the realization of a one color, blue-detuned and state insensitive trapping potential for atoms \cite{Sague2008}.

\section{MODE PROPAGATION IN AN OPTICAL FIBER}
\label{sec:modes}

References \cite{Snyder1983,Yariv1990} describe the modes in a cylindrical waveguide using Maxwell equations. The modal fields vary as $\exp{\left[i(\beta z-\omega t)\right]}$ where $\beta$ is the propagation constant of the mode. A mode propagates in the fiber with an effective index

\begin{equation}
n_{eff} = \beta/k,
\end{equation}
where $k=2\pi/\lambda$ is the free-space propagation constant and $\lambda$ is the free-space wavelength of the light. The propagation of light inside a two-layered step-index fiber, consisting of a core of radius $a$ and refractive index $n_{core}$ surrounded by a cladding of radius $R$ and refractive index $n_{clad}$, depends on $V$,

\begin{equation}
V=\frac{2\pi a}{\lambda}\sqrt{n_{core}^2-n_{clad}^2}.
\label{V}
\end{equation}

$V$ plays an important role in our tapers, since the radius, $a$ in Eq.~(\ref{V}), varies enough that the interfaces seen by the modes change as they propagate through the taper.
At the beginning of the taper, the light is confined in the core, and guided by the core-to-cladding interface with $V_{core} $ as in Eq.~(\ref{V}), and $n_{clad} < n_{eff} < n_{core}$.
At the end of the taper, the core is negligible ($a_{core} \approx $10 nm $ \ll \lambda$) and the light is guided by the cladding-to-air interface with $n_{air} < n_{eff} < n_{clad}$.
Between these two regimes, the light escapes the core to the cladding, and the relevant radius in Eq.~(\ref{V}) becomes $R$, which is much larger than $a$. Due to this radius increase, and the large index difference between $n_{clad}$ and $n_{air}$, $V>>1$. The fiber becomes highly multimode, as the number of bound modes is proportional to $V^2/2$ \cite{Snyder1983}. Maintaining adiabaticity through this transition is critical.

\subsection{First family of excited modes}
Figure~\ref{modes}(a) shows the effective index of refraction against $V$ for several low-order modes in a nanofiber. When $V < 2.405$, the fiber supports only the $HE_{11}$ mode. For a typical nanofiber, $n_{core} \approx 1.5$ and $n_{clad}=1$. The $TE_{01}$ and $TM_{01}$ modes are allowed for $V > 2.405$, and the $HE_{21}$ mode is allowed for $V > 2.8$. As long as $V$ remains lower than 3.8, only the four modes mentioned above are allowed. In the weakly guided regime, the modes of interest are known as the $LP_{11}$ family. We initially launch into the $actual$ $LP_{11}$ family, because at the entrance, the fiber is weakly guided. The taper takes us into the strong guiding regime where the $LP_{11}$ splits into $TE_{01}$, $TM_{01}$, and $HE_{21}$. We will refer to the set of modes ($TE_{01}$, $TM_{01}$, and $HE_{21}$) during the entirety of the pull as the $LP_{11}$ family. This simplifies discussions when referring to the full set of modes, especially in reference to excitations to modes or families with the same symmetry, i.e. $LP_{12}$ for $TE_{02}$, $TM_{02}$, and $HE_{22}$. Prior work has emphasized propagation of the $HE_{11}$ mode, where $V \leq 2.405$~\cite{Nayak2011,Vetsch2010, Spillane2003}. We are interested in selectively exciting and guiding the LP$_{11}$ family through a nanofiber, in a regime where $2.405 \leq V \leq 3.8$. When expanded to free space, these modes have the intensity and polarization profiles shown in Fig.~\ref{modes}(b).

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{modes.pdf}
\caption{ (a) $n_{eff}$ indices of several low-order modes in a nanofiber with $n_{clad}=1.5$, surrounded by vacuum ($n_{air}=1$). Below $V \approx 3.8$, two families of modes exist. In this work, we are emphasizing the $LP_{11}$ family (circled). By symmetry, modes in this family can interfere with the $TM_{02},\ TE_{02},\ HE_{22}$ family, which may be excited through non-adiabatic processes. (b) Intensity and polarization profiles of the $LP_{11}$ family of modes considered in this work.}
\label{modes}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Adiabaticity condition}
\label{sec:adiabaticity}

During the pull we continuously decrease $R$ and the light escapes the core to the cladding as it propagates through the taper. After light escapes the core, the presence of the core, the cladding, and the air influence the mode. The fiber is highly multimode, and modes of the same symmetry can couple to each other. The mode evolution in a taper is strongly related to the shape of the taper. If a taper is too steep, the mode evolution is non-adiabatic resulting in low transmission. As the tapering angle $\Omega$ is reduced, the mode propagation becomes more adiabatic. Following this reasoning, an adiabaticity criterion has been derived \cite{Snyder1983} relating the characteristic length of the taper $z_t$, to the characteristic beat length between two modes $z_b$ where $z_t ={R}/{\tan(\Omega)}$, and $z_b ={2 \pi}/{(\beta_1 - \beta_2)} = {\lambda}/{(n_{{eff}_1}-n_{{eff}_2})}$.

The mode evolution in a taper is adiabatic when the fiber is long enough to satisfy $z_t \gg z_b$ \cite{Snyder1983}. For a typical silica optical fiber single mode at $\lambda = 780$~nm, we calculate using this criterion a minimum $\Omega$ of a few milliradian for the limiting case of $z_t =z_b$. This implies that a taper requires sub-milliradian $\Omega$ to achieve adiabaticity in the region where light leaves the fiber core and becomes a cladding mode. Therefore, choosing an optical fiber with a small initial cladding radius (and thus a reduced $V_{clad}$) combined with a high numerical aperture is highly advantageous to maintaining adiabaticity~\cite{Frawley2012}. Additionally, such a fiber reduces the overall drawing time, length requirements of the pulling apparatus, and the overall length of the taper.

\section{EXPERIMENTAL SETUP}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{setup2.pdf}
\caption{ (a) Simplified diagram of the experimental setup. A Gaussian beam passes through a $\pi$-phase plate and is coupled into the fiber to be drawn. On the output of the fiber, a photodetector (PD) and camera (CCD) monitor the transmission. Typical beam images are shown. (b) Schematic of tapered nanofiber.}
\label{setup}
\end{figure}

Figure~\ref{setup} shows a diagram of our experimental setup. Here, we review the mode preparation, the pulling process, and the detection and analysis. We efficiently excite the $TM_{01}$, $TE_{01}$, and $HE_{21}$ modes using a fiber-based Cylindrical Vector Beam (CVB) generation method~\cite{Fatemi2011, Pechkis2012}. The fiber is drawn using a heat-and-pull method \cite{Warken2007b, Dimmick1999,Hoffman2013}. We measure the transmission while pulling, recording simultaneously the output of the photodiode to a digital storage oscilloscope and beam profiles on a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera.

A New Focus Vortex laser delivers a $TEM_{00}$ Gaussian beam at $\lambda$=780.24 nm. This wavelength corresponds to the $D2$ line of Rubidium, our atom of interest. We spatially filter this beam using a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and collimate with an asphere to a 1/$e^2$ diameter of 630 microns. The Gaussian beam passes through a phase plate that imparts a $\pi$ phase shift on half of the beam, producing a two-lobed beam that approximates a $TEM_{01}$ free-space optical mode. The phase plate is on a translation stage, so that we can easily switch between the $LP_{11}$ and $LP_{01}$ families without adjusting alignment. Figure~\ref{setup} shows profiles of the beam before and after the phase plate. We couple the beam into the fiber using a matched asphere. The coupling coefficients to the fiber modes are determined by the beam symmetry. The inversion of the polarization over half the incident beam allows us to selectively excite the $LP_{11}$ family with high efficiency. Stress-induced birefringence at the input end of the fiber can be used to selectvely excite the $TM_{01}$, $TE_{01}$, and $HE_{21}$ modes individually \cite{Fatemi2011}, but we have not used that selectivity here. The fundamental $HE_{11}$ mode is only excited through aberrations in the beam. To achieve efficient coupling into the $LP_{11}$ family, we wrap the fiber with two or three windings around a 4-mm diameter mandrel that attenuates any modes higher than the $LP_{11}$ family. Figure~\ref{setup}(a) shows typical input (black and white) and output (color) modes.

We detail our nanofiber pulling process in Ref.~\cite{Ravets2013,Hoffman2013}. We start by clamping a fiber to two high-precision Newport XML 210 motor stages. We strip the buffer from the fiber and clean it thoroughly following the procedures in \cite{Hoffman2013}. We image the fiber with an optical microscope and remove any undesired particle remaining on the fiber surface. This is important for the repeatability of our measurements. An oxyhydrogen flame with a stoichiometric combination brings a 0.75 mm long portion of the fiber to a temperature that exceeds the softening point of fused silica. We pull on the fiber ends at a typical relative velocity of 0.1 mm/s. We calculate the stage trajectories to produce a fiber of a chosen geometry using an algorithm
that relies on conservation of volume \cite{Birks1992}. We divide the pull into approximately 100 steps. Each step adds a small section to the taper that reduces the radius of the waist. The sections are small enough to be considered linear locally. The compilation of each small taper creates the final taper with a desired geometry, which is generally composed of a few mrad steep linear section that reduces to a radius of 6 $\mathrm{\mu m}$, and then connects to an exponential section that gradually reaches a submicrometer radius. The central region forms a 7-mm uniform waist (see Fig.~\ref{setup}(b) for the geometry). To observe all possible mode cutoffs, the fibers are typically drawn to $R\approx$280 nm, at which point only the fundamental $HE_{11}$ mode propagates. We vary $\Omega$ from 0.4 mrad to 4 mrad, resulting in pull times lasting between 100 to 1000 seconds
The output side of the fiber is held straight with no mode filtering. We follow the mode evolution for the duration of the pull by monitoring the transmission of a few mW of laser power through the fiber. The transmitted beam is monitored both by a CCD and by a photodetector (PD). The beamsplitter shown in the figure is tilted to as small an angle as possible to eliminate polarization-dependent reflections. Another PD, not shown in Fig.~\ref{setup}(a), measures the input laser power during the pull to normalize the transmission signal. We record PD signals with a Tektronix DPO7054 oscilloscope with 16-bit resolution and a sample rate of 1-10 ksamples/s.

\section{RESULTS}

In this section, we present our results on the transmission of the $LP_{11}$ mode family in the context of adiabaticity. We first analyze the improvements gained by choosing a fiber with a reduced cladding radius and increased numerical aperture. In \cite{Frawley2012}, Frawley et al. looked at the improvement obtained by reducing the initial $R$ from 125~$\mu$m to 80~$\mu$m. Moving from 80~$\mu$m to 50~$\mu$m fibers, we improve the transmission from 10\% to 51\% for a 2-mrad taper. A spectrogram analysis depicts fewer and weaker excitations of higher-order modes. Second, we demonstrate an improvement in adiabaticity through the control of the taper geometry. Our ability to vary $\Omega$ allows for marked improvement in guidance efficiency through the nanofiber, increasing from 16\% at 4 mrad up to 97.8\% at 0.4 mrad.

\subsection{Varying the Fiber Type}

\begin{figure}[H]
\captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=empty}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{typev11.pdf}
\subfloat[ ]{\mytab}
\caption{Evolution while tapering of the transmission through fibers with a half angle of 2 mrad as a function of the radius of the waist. (a) Fiber with an initial diameter of 80~$\mu$m. (b) Fiber with an initial diameter of 50~$\mu$m. The spectrograms associated with those transmission curves give a clear picture of the power transfers during the pull. Note the logarithmic scales on the horizontal axis. (c) (1.0 MB) Movie of the evolution of the beam transmitted through the fiber measured on the CCD during a 2 mrad pull of the 50~$\mu$m fiber. We record one frame every second, and display them at a 7 frames per second speed. Sections A, B, C, and D are described in the text. The properties of the fibers used are summarized in the table.}
\label{fibertype}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Transmission measurements}

Figure~\ref{fibertype} shows typical transmissions obtained when exciting the fiber with a combination of $LP_{11}$ modes. We plot the normalized transmission during a single pull as a function of the fiber waist radius. We can identify four distinct regimes in Fig.~\ref{fibertype}. The modes are initially confined to the core (regime $A$ in Fig.~\ref{fibertype}). Adiabaticity can easily be achieved, and the transmission is steady. Because this fiber initially also supports the $LP_{02}$ and $LP_{21}$ modes and because our launch can weakly excite these modes, we observe a slight drop in transmitted power near $R = 20~\mu$m, when these higher-order modes become cladding modes. Regime $B$ occurs after the light has escaped from the core to the cladding. Because the cladding is typically much larger than the core ($R/a~>~10$), and because $n_{clad} - n_{air} \gg n_{core}-n_{clad}$, $V$ increases by over two orders of magnitude ($V_{clad} \approx 200$). If the core-cladding transition is not adiabatic, modes of similar symmetry are excited. In particular, we observe transfers of energy to the $LP_{12}$ family which contains the modes $TE_{02}$, $TM_{02}$, and $HE_{22}$. The interaction between those modes results in mode beating inside the fiber, and an oscillation in the amount of output light. The oscillations continue to $R\approx0.7~\mu$m (regime $C$), where for a typical silica fiber, $V_{clad} \approx 6$. From this cutoff location, it is clear that much of the beating behavior is due to the $LP_{12}$ modes which have been excited through non-adiabatic transitions. The pull extends through the $TM_{01}$, $TE_{01}$, $HE_{21}$ cutoffs (regime $D$). After reaching the cutoff radius near $R=290$ nm, very little light reaches the photodetector - typically less than 1-2\% - indicating low population of the fundamental mode. To determine the loss in the $HE_{11}$ mode, we measured the transmitted power before and after the pull by translating the phase step out of the way. The losses in this mode were negligible, meaning that we reach a mode purity of 98-99\%. Mode purity is of fundamental importance for nanofiber applications, and in particular for atomic physics where polarization control and stability are required.

We have compared the transmissions obtained using fibers of diameter 80~$\mu$m and 50~$\mu$m, and observed the beneficial effects of smaller clad fibers and higher numerical aperture for $\Omega=2$ mrad. This taper angle is chosen because it is non-adiabatic and highlights the effect of fiber diameter on adiabaticity. The improvement in adiabaticity is clear in Fig.~\ref{fibertype}, with a transmission of 52\% obtained for the 50-$\mu$m fiber, compared to the 10\% transmission of the 80-$\mu$m fiber. The table in Fig.~\ref{fibertype} compares the properties of the 80-$\mu$m and 50-$\mu$m fibers. Note that the SM1500 fiber initially supports the $LP_{01}$, $LP_{11}$ as well as the next families of excited modes $LP_{02}$ and $LP_{21}$ ($V_{core,R_0}=4.3$). These higher-order modes are substantially filtered, though not completely, by winding the fiber around a 4 mm-diameter rod.

Using the numerical aperture (NA) and the cutoff wavelength provided by Thorlabs and Fibercore, we are able to derive using Eq.~(\ref{V}) the initial $V$ value $V_{core,R_0}$, the radius at which the $LP_{11}$ family escapes from the core to the cladding $R_{c}^{LP_{11}}$ ($V_{core,R_c}=2.405$: the mode enters the cladding-to-air guidance regime) and the corresponding fiber $V$-number at that radius $V_{clad,R_c}$ for a wavelength of 780 nm. Empirically, we obtain an estimate of $R_{c}^{LP_{11}}$ on the transmission plot when the oscillations start. The numbers agree quantitatively. We see that reducing the initial cladding radius and increasing the fiber numerical aperture allows the $LP_{11}$ family to leak from the core to the cladding at a smaller fiber radius. This results in a significantly reduced $V_{clad}$ when the modes escape from the core to the cladding: By reducing the cladding diameter from 80~$\mu$m to 50~$\mu$m and increasing the numerical aperture from 0.18 to 0.30, the number of available modes decreases by more than an order of magnitude for these two commercially available fibers. Improvements could be achieved by pre-etching the fiber to a smaller diameter so that the initial core radius to cladding radius ratio $R/a$ is further reduced. In this case, the numerical aperture remains unchanged, and the number of available modes directly scales with the square of the ratio of initial cladding radii.

\subsubsection{Spectrograms}

In non-adiabatic propagation, the $LP_{11}$ modes couple to higher-order modes of the same symmetry, belonging to families $LP_{1m}$ ($m\geq2$). Because they propagate with different propagation constants during the pull, they accumulate a phase difference leading to interference in the amount of light that coupled back into the core. Since the photodetector only measures core light, this interference leads to oscillations in the transmission (Fig.~\ref{fibertype}). A useful way to examine these data is through spectrograms, which plot local, windowed Fourier transforms of the transmission signals as a function of waist radius. Plotting the spectrogram of the transmission signal \cite{Ravets2013,Orucevic2007}, we directly observe the contribution of various pairs of modes in the beating. Figure~\ref{fibertype} shows the spectrograms for the 80-$\mu$m and 50-$\mu$m diameter fiber pulls. Each line in the spectrogram is specific to the beating between a $LP_{01}$ or $LP_{11}$ mode and another mode of similar symmetry excited during the pull. The curve ends when one of the modes reaches its cutoff: the energy is then lost via coupling to radiative modes.

The number of lines observed in a spectrogram is directly related to the excitation of higher-order modes through non-adiabatic processes from a single launched mode: the more lines present in the spectrogram, the less adiabatic the pull is. Moreover, the colormaps in Fig.~\ref{fibertype} are normalized in such a way that the intensity of each red line gives the strength of the energy transferred. It is clear from Fig.~\ref{fibertype} that more intense lines are present in the 80-$\mu$m fiber than in the 50-$\mu$m, further supporting our observation of more stringent adiabaticity requirements for fibers with a large cladding radius and small numerical aperture.

\subsubsection{Imaging the fiber output}

We monitor the transmitted beam with a CCD, and obtain Movie 2 showing both the core and cladding light as a function of time throughout the tapering process. Using a microscope objective, we first image the end of the fiber to observe the core-guided light (Movie 1 in Fig.~\ref{fibertype}). The movie shows oscillations that result from mode competition, which modulates the amount of light that exits the fiber in the core.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{corevsclad.pdf}
\caption{Amount of light (normalized) exiting the fiber from the core (blue curve) and from the cladding (red curve). The signals are out of phase, confirming the transfer of energy between modes during the tapering. We observed the two simultaneously by using the two reflections from a thick beamsplitter. (a)-(b) (1.1 MB) Movie 2 shows the evolution of the beam transmitted through a nanofiber during a portion of a pull, where the power is high enough to observe the cladding light.}
\label{corecladding}
\end{figure}

Movie 2 in Fig.~\ref{corecladding}(a) also depicts the transfer of energy from the core to the cladding. Because the cladding intensity is low compared with the core, we record two spatially separated images of the fiber simultaneously by using strong and weak reflections from a thick beamsplitter with AR-coated front face. Figure~\ref{corecladding} shows the normalized fractions of energy exiting the fiber from the cladding and from the core. The two signals are out of phase. We note that the sum of the energy contained in the core and the energy contained in the cladding does not add up to the total energy input in the fiber. Outside the taper region, cladding light becomes highly scrambled and lost through the fiber buffer, resulting in both the speckle observed in Movie 2 and the reduced total transmitted power. Residual cladding light is spatially filtered from hitting the photodetector, so that the observed oscillations Fig.~\ref{fibertype} are due only to core-guided light.

\subsection{Varying the angle}

The measurements in this section use the reduced-cladding Fibercore SM1500. For this fiber, the $LP_{11}$ modes transition to cladding modes near $R$ = 13 $\mu$m. By using a reduced-diameter fiber, we observed a drastic improvement of the transmission of the $LP_{11}$ modes. To further improve the adiabaticity, it is necessary to look into more details of the tapering process itself. We have lowered $\Omega$ to improve the transmission over what is observed in the previous section. Figure~\ref{multiplepulls} shows the results of draws using $\Omega =$ 4, 2, 1, 0.75 and 0.4 mrad. Although each plot shows the same qualitative behavior as described in Fig.~\ref{fibertype} for the 2-mrad pull, the strength of the features depends on $\Omega$.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{transmissionv12.pdf}
\caption{(a) Transmission through a SM1500 nanofiber for $\Omega$ = 4~mrad (green), 2~mrad (blue), 1~mrad (purple), 0.75~mrad (yellow), 0.4~mrad (red). The transmission plots have the fundamental mode subtracted out (typically about 1\%) to accurately describe the total transmission of the $LP_{11}$ modes. The horizontal axis for the 4 mrad pull was renormalized to take into account extra tension in the fiber due to the rapidity of the pull. (b) Simulated (red circles) and experimental (blue lines) final transmissions through the fiber as a function of angle. Decreasing $\Omega$ enables us to improve the transmission of the $LP_{11}$ family up to 97.8\%.}
\label{multiplepulls}
\end{figure}

The free-space mode at the fiber input has a spatial polarization that is an equal superposition of $HE_{21}$ and $TM_{01}$ (or $TE_{01}$). However, mode conversion occurs where the fiber is wound around the mode-filtering mandrel so that the distribution entering the nanofiber is unknown. Within the nanofiber waist, which is held fixed and straight, mode conversion is unlikely to occur so that the desired $LP_{11}$ mode can be achieved after the pull~\cite{Fatemi2011}. By $R = 0.45~\mu$m, only the $TM_{01}$, $TE_{01}$, and $HE_{21}$ modes are confined, with a small contribution in the fundamental $HE_{11}$. The $HE_{12}$ mode achieves cutoff at $V_{clad}=2.8$ ($R \approx 330$ nm), earlier than the $TM_{01}$ and $TE_{01}$ modes, which reach cutoff at $V=2.4$ ($R \approx 290$ nm). At $R \approx 330$ nm, the power is reduced by the $HE_{21}$ content, which is determined by the initial superposition of states entering the nanofiber.

The transmitted power in the $LP_{11}$ mode family is 16.6\% for $\Omega = 4$ mrad. The transmitted power drops sharply near $R$ = 13~$\mu$m, and undergoes strong oscillations between 10-80\%. For $\Omega = 2$ mrad, the oscillations below $R=13~\mu$m are reduced, with the transmission fluctuating between 30-90\%, and the transmitted power improves to 51.5\%. Further decreasing the angle to $\Omega =$ 1, 0.75 and 0.4 mrad, improves the transmission to 84.3\%, 91.2\% and 97.8\% respectively, where uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects that should be less than 1\%. Figure~\ref{multiplepulls} also shows excellent agreement between the experimental results and those obtained using commercial waveguide propagation software~\cite{FIMMPROP}. For those calculations, the propagation was modeled using the targeted fiber geometry. In our transmission measurements, the scaling between time and radius is made using a separate algorithm that models the dynamics of the pull based on conservation of volume \cite{Hoffman2013}. For $\Omega =$ 0.4 to 2 mrad, the mode cutoff positions we obtain using the scaling from the algorithm correspond directly to what is expected theoretically. We also observe excellent agreement between the experimental transmission measurements and the calculations, confirming the accuracy of our pulling procedure. We were not limited by systematic effects that might include accumulation of contaminants for longer pulls, and asymmetric profiles for faster ones. For the fastest pull (4 mrad), we observed a discrepancy due to systematic effects, and we must apply a different scaling to match the theoretical cutoffs.

For $\Omega=0.4$ mrad, the most shallow angle studied, the amplitude of the oscillations, which is directly related to the energy transfer to undesired modes, is reduced to a few percent. The observed transmissions are due to losses into and out of the waist. Because the fiber is symmetric, the normalized transmitted power is the square of that in the waist. For $\Omega = 0.4$ mrad, this leads to 98.9\% power in the waist. We believe that such a fiber is usable for various applications involving higher-order modes. We note that reaching adiabaticity for higher-order modes requires fibers that are substantially longer than for the fundamental mode. For the $HE_{11}$ mode, transmissions greater than 99\% can easily be achieved for $\Omega$ up to 5 mrad \cite{Ravets2013}. We also observed that when we remove the $\pi$-phase plate from the launch, the transmission in the fundamental mode is essentially equal to the transmission before pulling, as adiabaticity is strongly satisfied for this mode. During the tapering process, the higher-order modes escape from the core to the cladding earlier than the fundamental $HE_{11}$ mode. When the $HE_{11}$ mode finally transitions to a cladding mode, $R$ has decreased, so that $V$ and the number of available modes to couple to is smaller. The reduction in $R$ also leads to an increase in the difference between adjacent propagation constants, allowing less mode interaction and a steeper $\Omega$. Mode conversion also occurs throughout the fiber and not just at the core-cladding transition point, but this region has the most stringent adiabatic criterion.

\section{CONCLUSION}

We have demonstrated propagation of higher-order modes in nanofibers using the $TE_{01}$, $TM_{01}$, and $HE_{21}$ modes. By tapering the fiber with angles near 0.4 mrad and using a commercial, off-the-shelf fiber with 50~$\mu$m diameter, we have achieved transmission efficiency of 97.8\% with excellent mode purity, a factor of four higher than previous work, and more than one order of magnitude improvement on mode purity. Critical to this work was a spectrogram analysis of the modes present during the pulling. Our experimental results agree with simulations of the propagation through the taper. High transmissions of $LP_{11}$ modes with high purity is a promising tool for atomic physics, expanding the possible intensity and polarization configurations of evanescent fields surrounding the nanofiber.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}

This work was funded by ONR, the ARO Atomtronics MURI, DARPA, and the NSF through the PFC at JQI. S.~R. acknowledges support from the Fulbright Foundation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Konstantínos « Kóstas » Tsimíkas () est un footballeur grec né le  à Thessalonique. Il évolue au poste de défenseur au Liverpool FC.

Biographie

En club

Il joue son premier match avec l'Olympiakos le , contre l'AEL Kallonis.

Le , il est prêté à l'Esbjerg fB. Le , il joue son premier match contre SønderjyskE. Il marque également son premier but à cette occasion.

Le , il est prêté au club néerlandais du Willem II Tilburg

Le 10 août, il signe à Liverpool pour un contrat de 5 ans.

En sélection
Avec les moins de 19 ans, il participe au championnat d'Europe des moins de 19 ans en 2015. Lors de cette compétition, il joue quatre matchs. La Grèce s'incline en demi-finale face à la Russie.

Avec les espoirs, il inscrit deux buts en 2018 : tout d'abord contre Saint-Marin, où il officie comme capitaine, puis contre la Tchéquie. Ces rencontres rentrent dans le cadre des éliminatoires de l'Euro espoirs 2019.

Le , il joue son premier match avec l'équipe de Grèce, contre la Hongrie. Ce match gagné 1-0 rentre dans le cadre de la Ligue des nations de l'UEFA.

Palmarès
 Champion de Grèce en 2016, 2017 et 2020 avec l'Olympiakos
 Finaliste du Community Shield en 2020 avec Liverpool FC
 Vainqueur de la Coupe d'Angleterre en 2022 avec Liverpool FC.
 Vainqueur de la Coupe de la Ligue en 2022 avec Liverpool FC.
 Finaliste de la Ligue des champions en 2022 avec Liverpool FC.

Statistiques

Statistiques détaillées

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international grec
Joueur de l'Olympiakos
Joueur de l'Esbjerg fB
Joueur du Willem II Tilburg
Joueur du Liverpool FC
Naissance en mai 1997
Naissance à Thessalonique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"A driving game using only one key to play!"
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text:
Lexi Rivera Net Worth: What Social Media Platforms She Uses?
By Jasmine On Sep 10, 2022
Influencer Lexi Rivera is well-known and has amassed a significant Instagram following. The influencer currently has 5.98 million followers.
You might be wondering how much money Lexi Rivera is worth. The only person who truly understands is Lexi Rivera, but let's take a look at what overtells.com does know.
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How is Lexi Rivera's net worth used?
Lexi Rivera's Physical Qualities
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She has a lot of social media accounts with millions of followers. She currently has 8.95 million subscribers to her Youtube channel. Her 24-hour challenge films are the most well-known in the nation, but her vlogs, prank videos, and challenges are also extremely well-known among her fans. This was only the beginning of Lexi Rivera's wealth.
According to Stars NetWorth, Lexi Rivera has a $2 million net worth. Let's examine Lexi Rivera's sources of income.
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Lexi Rivera Social Media Platforms
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Read more:- Akshay Kumar Net Worth: Did He Has an Extramarital Relationship?
Her fake pregnancy video I'M PREGNANT? was released in September 2019. has received more than 30,000,000 views. Additionally, Lexi Rivera has appeared in the Brobot YouTube series. Alongside her brother, she made her acting debut at that time. In Brobot, she played the part of Max, while Brent played the part of Gill. She also enjoys watching the television program Happy Friday. A 2007 film called "Blades of Glory" is another one she adores.
Actress Lexi Rivera has a stunning appearance and is sexy and attractive. She is renowned for her allure and endearing character. She has an endearing appearance, a sweet grin, and a thin physique. Her approximate figure measurements are 32-24-33 inches. She is around 54 kg tall and 5 feet and 5 inches wide. She has lovely long, blonde hair that is shining, and she also has lovely green eyes that are scorching and enchanting.
She has stated that she adores the television program Happy Friday. Additionally, she has stated that she adores the 2007 film Blades of Glory. With more than 8.13 million subscribers and about 1 billion views, she has her own YouTube channel.
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Tai Lopez Net Worth: For What He Was Accused?
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The SENBONO Smartwatch With Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Monitoring!
Your Place or Mine Release Date: Is There A Trailer?
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
> Babel preset for stage 0 plugins.

## Install

```sh
npm install --save-dev @babel/preset-stage-0
```

## Usage

### Via `.babelrc` (Recommended)

**.babelrc**

```json
{
  "presets": ["@babel/preset-stage-0"]
}
```

### Via CLI

```sh
babel script.js --presets @babel/preset-stage-0
```

### Via Node API

```javascript
require("@babel/core").transform("code", {
  presets: ["@babel/preset-stage-0"]
});
```

## Options

### `loose`

`boolean`, defaults to `false`.

Enable "loose" transformations for any plugins in this preset that allow them.

### `useBuiltIns`

`boolean`, defaults to `false`.

Will use the native built-in instead of trying to polyfill behavior for any plugins that require one.

### `decoratorsLegacy`

`boolean`, defaults to `false`.

Use the legacy (stage 1) decorators syntax and behavior.


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Pennsylvania Law Monitor
Home > Personal Injury > Medical Care in Pennsylvania: Nurse to Patient Ratios
Medical Care in Pennsylvania: Nurse to Patient Ratios
By Stark & Stark on December 10, 2010
Posted in Personal Injury
In Pennsylvania, House Bill 147 was introduced in January 2009 and remains "in committee." A similar version was sponsored in the PA Senate. Among other provisions, they establish RN – to -patient ratios in the Commonwealth. Specifically, the legislation would establish the following minimums:
1 nurse:1 patient – PR and trauma emergency units;
1 nurse: 2 patients – Critical care, including emergency critical care and all ICUs, labor and delivery units, and post-anethesia units;
1 nurse: 3 patients – Ante partum, emergency room, pediatrics, step-down and telemetry;
1 nurse: 4 patients – intermediate care nursery and medical/surgical and acute care psychiatric units;
1 nurse: 5 patients – rehab units;
1 nurse: 6 patients – postpartum and well-baby nursing units
Why Should You Care?
Nurse-patient ratios can have a significant impact on patient outcome. A research study published in 2010 in the journal Heath Services Research, entitled "Implications of the California Staffing Mandate for Other States" by Linda Aiken, and others, compared 2006 data from three states, including Pennsylvania, New Jersey and California in terms of patient mortality and failure-to-rescue based on the nurse:patient variable. California has long required a minimum ratio of nurses to patients. Pennsylvania's bill is still "in the works".
The research found that nurses in California were assigned, on average, about one fewer patient each when compared to Pennsylvania and New Jersey. This may not appear significant on the surface but, in fact, the ratio of nurses to patients correlated negatively with patient mortality. In other words, the higher the ratio of nurses to patients, the lower patient mortality. Even more disturbingly, in the med-surg areas, the difference in number of patients cared for was even greater for both Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
The researchers extrapolated the findings to ascertain whether changes in staffing for the two states, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, would materially impact mortality rates. They predicted a reduction in mortality rates by 10.6 and 13.9 percent in Pennsylvania and New Jersey respectively.
Tags: Personal Injury
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«99 Luftballons» (, «99 повітряних кульок») — це пісня німецького музичного гурту Nena з їхнього однойменного альбому 1983 року. Англомовна версія, яка має назву «99 Red Balloons», написана автором Kevin McAlea, була також випущена в рамках альбому 99 Luftballons у 1984 році, після того як оригінальна пісня набула популярності у Європі та Японії. Англомовна версія пісні не є дослівним перекладом німецькомовного оригіналу та містить текст з дещо іншим змістом.

Текст
Під час концерту the Rolling Stones у Західному Берліні у червні 1982 року гітарист гурту Nena Carlo Karges побачив запущені повітряні кульки. У той час як вони рухалися за горизонт, він помітив, що вони зміщуються та змінюють форму, виглядаючи наче дивний космічний корабель (у німецькому варіанті тексту — «UFO»). Він подумав про те, що може статися якщо вони перетнуть Берлінський мур та опиняться у радянському секторі.

Також гурт цитував статтю з американської газети Las Vegas Review-Journal про п'ятьох місцевих школярів, які у 1973 році організували розіграш, видаючи за НЛО 99 (один загубили) алюмінізованих кульок Майлар, до яких були прикріплені стрічкою дорожні фальшфейери. Червоне полум'я, світло від якого відбивалося від поверхні кульок створювало вигляд великого пульсуючого червоного об'єкта, що пролітає над каньйоном Ред Рок у штаті Невада.

Текст оригінальної німецькомовної пісні розповідає таку історію: 99 повітряних кульок помилково сприйняті за НЛО, змусивши генерала надіслати пілотів, щоб розібратися. Не знайшовши нічого окрім кульок, пілоти влаштовують на кульках демонстрацію вогневої потужності. Демонстрація сили викликає занепокоєння держав уздовж кордонів, а міністри оборони з кожної сторони підігрівають конфлікт, щоб захопити владу. На завершення катастрофічна війна, що почалася в результаті польоту невинних кульок, призводить до знищення всіх сторін, не залишаючи переможця, про що йдеться у розв'язці: «99 Jahre Krieg ließen keinen Platz für Sieger», що можна перекласти як «99 років війни не залишили переможців». Антивоєнна пісня завершується тим, що співак крокує скрізь понівечені руїни світу та знаходить повітряну кульку. Останній рядок пісні перекладається однаково з німецької та англійської: «Думаю про тебе та відпускаю її» («Denk' an dich und lass' ihn fliegen» / «I think of you and let it go»).

Англійська версія та інші записи
Англомовна версія витримана у дусі оригіналу, але значна частина тексту перекладена не дослівно, а поетично: червоні гелієві кульки випадково випущені у небо оповідачкою разом із її неназваним другом. Пізніше ці кульки помилково сприймаються системою ядерного сповіщення як ворожі об'єкти, спричиняючи паніку та ядерну війну, кінець якої приблизно однаковий з німецькомовною версією.

Оригінальна німецькомовна пісня двічі перезаписувалася гуртом: версія у вигляді сучасної балади була включена до альбому Nena feat. Nena (2002), а ретро версія 2009 року транслювалася на франко-німецькому каналі Arte та містила декілька уривків французькою мовою.

Записи пісні наживо містяться у всіх семи «живих» альбомах Nena з 1995-го до 2018 років.

Сприйняття
Американська та австралійська публіка віддає перевагу оригінальній німецькомовній версії, яка стала дуже популярною неангломовною піснею, очоливши музичні чарти в обох країнах.

У виданій у 2010 році книжці «Музика: що сталося?» (Music: What Happened?), критик та музикант Scott Miller завив, що пісня є однією з найбільш «чіпляючих» у 1980-х, поставивши її серед найкращих пісень 1984 року.

Відеокліп
Рекламний кліп, що був зроблений для нідерландської музичної програми TopPop та показаний в ефірі 13 березня 1983 року, був знятий на нідерландській військовій тренувальній базі, де гурт виконав пісню на сцені на тлі вогню та вибухів, організованих армією Нідерландів. У кінці кліпу видно, як гурт, прикриваючись, залишає сцену, що було раніше ніж заплановано, оскільки вони вважали, що вибухи виходять з-під контролю.

Американський кабельний телевізійний канал VH1 Classic у 2006 році запустив благодійну акцію для допомоги жертва урагану Катріна. Глядачі, які зробили пожертву, мали змогу обрати кліпи для трансляції на каналі. Один з глядачів пожертвував 35 тисяч доларів, щоб заповнити годину ефіру трансляцією кліпів «99 Luftballons» та «99 Red Balloons». Канал транслював ці кліпи з 14:00 до 15:00 26 березня 2006 року.

Примітки

Посилання

Сингли 1983
Сингли 1984
Антивоєнні пісні
Протестні пісні
Музика Німеччини
Холодна війна


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"After all those years of people going their own ways, get ready for more contact...indeed, much more intimate contact. Society still expects that "family will show up" (so do health care systems when elders are in need). Elders soon learn that having people with them who know them when the going gets tough is of great value. Marshal these loyal forces and get re-acquainted. Observation has it that at no time since adolescence are parents and children so entangled."
Dr. Dennis McCullough is interviewed by WITM radio station in Ohio. Dr. McCullough, family physician and geriatrician discusses "slow medicine" a term used to describe a new approach for improved quality eldercare. Also available on iTunes.
Dr. McCullough is interviewed by Orange TV in Florida (hour -long interview). Watch at Orange TV.
Margaret Pabst speaks with Dennis McCullough MD, about "Keeping Older People Out of Harm's Way"
This internet radio show took place in October of 2011. Listen online at eCare Diary.
The talk took place as part of the The Parkinson's Center at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC) event program on April 17, 2010. Listen on the DHMC Parkinson's Center website.
Dennis McCullough MD, author of My Mother, Your Mother, talks about Slow Medicine.
The program aired as part of the program on May 17 at 7:30 p.m. on the COMCAST network. It was also live streamed on www.suzanne.tv. A five minute segment of the show ran on the CNN Headline news at 11:55am, 1:55pm, and 3:55pm on May 19.
"Dennis McCullough MD, My Mother Your Mother: Geriatric Specialist" was also posted online at RhettPalmer.com.
As a person reaches their final months and days, do they need invasive and costly life-saving measures or should they be allowed to depart restfully? Join us as we speak with author Dennis McCullough, M.D. of Dartmouth Medical School about his book, "My Mother, Your Mother," in which he tells the story of how his own mother's passing inspired him to believe in a gentler, more compassionate approach to end-of-life care, especially for the elderly. He explains the concept of "slow medicine," how it differs from conventional approaches and why he believes it's emotionally beneficial for both patients and their families. Plus, he talks about why a less reactive, more nurturing treatment plan may make financial sense, too. As always, our expert guests answer questions from the audience.
Listen online at HealthTalk.com: The Health Now Webcast, Slow Medicine: A Gentler Approach to End-of-Life Care.
Lucky Severson reports from Hanover, New Hampshire, on Slow Medicine, featuring Dr. McCullough.
June 5, 2008 - 3:30PM EST on Radio Nacional de España (RNE). Listen (MP3).
The quality of life even in the face of death is a growing issue.
Sooner or later, most adult children must decide how best to care for aging parents in their final years. Dr. Dennis McCullough, author of MY MOTHER, YOUR MOTHER, believes that comfort and a concern for the quality of life are more important than more traditionally aggressive medical care. He said when a health crisis occurs, it is vital that family members quickly step in to assist elderly relatives in dealing with the medical bureaucracy.
Listen at the TalkZone.com radio archive, Caring for Your Aging Loved Ones.
Jacqueline Marcell interviews Dr. Dennis McCullough about his book. This Internet program focuses on the challenges of caregiving and age related challenges such as Alzheimer's.
Listen to this lively discussion online at Segment 3: Coping with Caregiving.
March 6, 2008 - Information at DrAlvin.com.


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La Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción o más formalmente Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción de la Santísima Virgen María (en ruso: Храм Непорочного Зачатия Пресвятой Девы Марии ) es una iglesia católica en la localidad de Perm en la Federación Rusa. Pertenece al Decanato central, que forma parte de la archidiócesis de la Madre de Dios en Moscú , que dirige el arzobispo monseñor Paolo Pezzi desde 2007.

En los años siguientes a la finalización de la Mancomunidad de Polonia-Lituania y el primer reparto de Polonia en el siglo XVIII , un número significativo de católicos partió a poblar las vastas tierras alrededor de los Urales. Muchos llegaron a Perm en Siberia. Del mismo modo, después de los diversos levantamientos polacos en el siglo XIX, miles de ellos fueron enviados a Siberia y los Urales.

Ya desde 1837 existió una pequeña parroquia católica en Perm que entonces era un pueblo grande . La comunidad católica era 1800 personas en 1869. Los fieles levantaron una nueva iglesia que fue construida entre 1873 y 1875, en un estilo pseudo- gótico.

Véase también
Iglesia católica
Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo (Nóvgorod)

Referencias

Iglesias católicas de Rusia
Perm
Arquitectura de Rusia del siglo XIX
Perm
Arquidiócesis de la Madre de Dios en Moscú


If you or a loved one is from Corydon, we can provide you with the best addiction treatment services. We are able to assist those suffering from alcohol and drug abuse get clean and help them take back control of their lives. Our employees are dedicated to providing first class service. They are hardworking, professional and experienced. We treat the entire person and thus believe in treatment which is holistic in nature. With holistic addiction treatment, we help overcome addictions by helping each individual deal with their particular circumstances. We can provide you with the help you need to get off drugs and stop using alcohol. Call us today.
Drug addiction is a very harrowing disease that requires help and attention. Individuals who live in the Corydon area and suffer from alcohol or drug addiction should contact us immediately Cardiovascular problems, higher incidences of cancer and depression can occur in long term drug addicts. Individuals who abuse drugs are at risk of dying from an overdose or experiencing a number of diseases and ailments brought on by their drug addiction. Not dealing with a drug addiction is extremely dangerous. A person who continues to put off drug rehabilitation will only continue to put themselves at risk. Those struggling with a drug addiction in the Corydon, Iowa area should call our office immediately for help.
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Those that live in Corydon would best be served by a holistic approach to drug and alcohol rehab. Holistic treatment deals with both the physical and mental aspects of alcohol and drug addiction. Every person is given a plan created especially for them. We work hard to come up with an individualized plan. We consider your personal story and struggles. If you live in Corydon, Iowa, please call us today.
We provide rehabilitation services to those in the Corydon area. We will work tirelessly to come up with a plan that fits your particular needs. You will be able to work with a staff that is extremely well trained and professional. We are committed to giving you the help required to get off of drugs and stop abusing alcohol. Those in the Corydon, IA area, will be able to reach us at the above phone number. Please call us today.


text:
Posted in | News | Gyroscopes
ST Microelectronics Introduces 3- Axis Gyroscope for Car Navigation and Telematics Systems
By Andy ChoiFeb 10 2012
STMicroelectronics has unveiled the 3-axis digital-output gyroscope to the business market which is useful for automotive combined circuits. The latest sensor can be used for a broad variety of automotive applications, which includes telematics, vehicle tolling system and in dash navigation.
ST's 3-axis digital-output gyroscope can improve map matching and dead reckoning systems in navigation of cars and in telematics applications. The altitude, motion and distance traveled by a car can be monitored by dead reckoning systems, which can be used when a GPS signal is not available especially in urban canyons between huge buildings and indoors. Map matching involves aligning a series of recorded user positions on a digital map with the road network and is used for applications such as determining the driving directions and traffic flow analysis. This procedure can be enhanced using accurate gyroscope readings.
STMicroelectronics Breaks Down Barriers to Broad Adoption of Vibration Monitoring in Industry 4.0 Applications
STMicroelectronics Powers Next-Generation Computer-Vision Applications with High-Performance Global-Shutter Image Sensors
STMicroelectronics Introduces STM32L4+ Microcontrollers for Power- and Cost-Sensitive Smart Embedded Applications
ST's gyroscope has been designed to measure angular motion through the entire orthogonal axes by using a single sensing structure. The accuracy of the measurement is enhanced by elimination of axes interference and a stable output is acquired over temperature and time.
Angular rates about +/-250dps can be measured by ST's gyroscope. The angular motion data is converted to a 16 bit digital stream using an on chip IC interface. This is transmitted to a micro controller chip by using standard I(2)C or SPI protocol. Two output lines and four user selectable output data rates can be generated from the gyroscope.
This sensor contains an embedded first in first out (FIFO) memory block combined with sleep and power down modes to minimize power. An eight bit temperature sensor has been inserted into the device which works at temperature between -40°C and +85°C. The device survives shock up to 10000 g and can efficiently withstand electromagnetic intervention. Samples are readily available though bulk production will commence in quarter 2 of 2012.
Source: http://www.st.com/
STMicroelectronics. (2019, February 24). ST Microelectronics Introduces 3- Axis Gyroscope for Car Navigation and Telematics Systems. AZoSensors. Retrieved on January 17, 2022 from https://www.azosensors.com/news.aspx?newsID=3786.
STMicroelectronics. "ST Microelectronics Introduces 3- Axis Gyroscope for Car Navigation and Telematics Systems". AZoSensors. 17 January 2022. <https://www.azosensors.com/news.aspx?newsID=3786>.
STMicroelectronics. "ST Microelectronics Introduces 3- Axis Gyroscope for Car Navigation and Telematics Systems". AZoSensors. https://www.azosensors.com/news.aspx?newsID=3786. (accessed January 17, 2022).
STMicroelectronics. 2019. ST Microelectronics Introduces 3- Axis Gyroscope for Car Navigation and Telematics Systems. AZoSensors, viewed 17 January 2022, https://www.azosensors.com/news.aspx?newsID=3786.
Do you have a review, update or anything you would like to add to this news story?


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Fare network
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Refugees and football – Who is doing what and where
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Register your activity
2019 Campaign Resources
Top players dispel asylum myths in video
FARE partner, Show Racism the Red Card has gathered together some of the UK's top footballing personalities in an educational video that aims to dispel some of the myths around asylum seekers. Supported by Amnesty International and the Refugees Council, the video features Gary Lineker, Thierry Henry, Shaka Hislop, Lomana Lua Lua, David James, Shola…
TV football pundit quits after racist slur
Ron Atkinson, a legendary football pundit on the UK's ITV channel, has quit his job after making a racist slur live on air. The incident occurred after the Monaco – Chelsea Champions League game on Tuesday 20 April 2004. His comments were directed at Chelsea defender Marcel Desailly, whom Atkinson referred to as a "f*****g…
Play tackles football racism & xenophobia
Roy William's play, "Sing Yer Heart Out for the Lads," returns to the Cottesloe Theatre in London this week. The play, which was first performed in 2002, is set in a Pub during England's World Cup Qualifying match against Germany in 2000. It explores the issues of national identity and racism in football, as the…
Budapest derby marred by anti-Semitic chanting
The Budapest premier league derby between MTK Hungária FC and Ferencváros on Sunday 18 April 2004 was marred by anti-Semitic chanting. During the game, supporters of Ferencvárosi engaged in continuous anti-Semitic chanting whilst waving a Neo-Nazi flag. The incident at the Hidegkúti Nándor stadium occurred during the second half when MTK were leading 1-0. MTK…
Anti-Semitism spoils Slovakian game
During a match between Spartak Trnava and SK Slovan Bratislava on 10 April 2004, hooligans from both sides began anti-semitic chants towards each other. Trnava fans shouted "Jude, Jude, Jude, all of Blava" repeatedly as well as some racist chants referring to Bratislava as "Gypsies". In an act of pre-organised intolerance, they even held aloft…
Belgians step up campaign
Belgium's top clubs, coaches, players and officials have stepped up their efforts to combat the evil of racism within the game. The Belgian Football Association (URBSFA) has been working in close conjunction with the country's Centre for Equal Opportunities and the Samen Kleurrijk Sporten foundation. Together, the 'Samen Kleurrijk Sporten – Carte Rouge au Racisme'…
SV Mattersburg join anti-racist campaign
Austrian Bundesliga club SV Mattersburg marked their joining of the anti-racist campaign FairPlay-vidc with an organised event at the match against SV Salzburg on 3 April 2004. "Against Racism in a United Europe" was the slogan of the event, welcoming the Austria's neighbouring countries into the European Union on 1 May 2004. More than 9000…
Police & FA target amateur football racists
The police and the Football Association in England have launched a new campaign to tackle racist abuse in amateur football. Previous campaigns have been aimed at players and fans in the professional game, leaving fans and players in the amateur game vulnerable. Footballers in schools and local league games are being warned that racist behaviour…
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Q: Case insensitive search solr in Term query We want to make Term query in solr as case insensitive but it is not working.
http://localhost:8983/solr/terms?terms.fl=name&terms.fl=places&terms.prefix=Delhi
If we pass field like 'Delhi' it is not returning any result but 'delhi' is returning proper result. We use below to index and query our data.
<fieldType name="string_ci" class="solr.TextField" sortMissingLast="true"  omitNorms="true">
   <analyzer type="index">
    <tokenizer class="solr.WhitespaceTokenizerFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.StopFilterFactory" ignoreCase="true" words="stopwords.txt" />
    <filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.WordDelimiterFilterFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.LengthFilterFactory" min="2" max="100"/>
 </analyzer>
  <analyzer type="query">
    <tokenizer class="solr.StandardTokenizerFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.StopFilterFactory" ignoreCase="true" words="stopwords.txt" />
    <filter class="solr.SynonymFilterFactory" synonyms="synonyms.txt" ignoreCase="true" expand="true"/>
    <filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
  </analyzer>

A: Double check that both name and places are of the type string_ci.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Most recently, Rosa served as SCA's vice president for program management. He joined the organization in 2014 as central region vice president and, with this appointment, will continue to be based in SCA's Chicago office.
As SVP for programs, Rosa will oversee a range of service-learning experiences that annually engage thousands of teens and young adults in the protection of America's national, state, and municipal public lands. SCA programs have been cited by U.S. Presidents, the Department of the Interior, and numerous environmental organizations for their conservation impact, and studies show these hands-on field experiences also enhance participants' character development and foster life-long growth.
Prior to SCA, Rosa held leadership positions with the Chicago Academy of Sciences and its Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, including vice president for education. He earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Cornell University's Sibley School of Engineering.
The Student Conservation Association (SCA) is America's oldest and largest youth conservation organization. SCA conserves lives and transforms lands by empowering young people of all backgrounds to plan, act, and lead, while they protect and restore our natural and cultural resources. Founded in 1957, SCA's mission is to build the next generation of conservation leaders, and seven in 10 of alumni worldwide are employed or studying in conservation-related fields. For more, visit www.thesca.org.


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Careers / Bailiffs
Summary Description
Maintain order in courts of law.
Sample Job Titles
City Bailiff
County Bailiff
Court Bailiff
Court Officer
Court Security Officer
Courtroom Deputy
Deputy Bailiff
Deputy Sheriff Court Services
Deputy Sheriff, Building Guard
District Court Bailiff
Grand Jury Deputy Sheriff
Justice Court Deputy Clerk
Supervising Bailiff
Job Tasks
Screen persons entering courthouse using magnetometers, x-ray machines, and other devices to collect and retain unauthorized firearms and other contraband.
Confiscate prohibited or dangerous items.
Search individuals for illegal or dangerous items.
Escort prisoners to and from courthouse and maintain custody of prisoners during court proceedings.
Escort prisoners to courtrooms, prisons, or other facilities.
Provide jury escort to restaurant and other areas outside of courtroom to prevent jury contact with public.
Provide security escorts for officials, jury members, or other individuals.
Provide security by patrolling interior and exterior of courthouse and escorting judges and other court employees.
Patrol properties to maintain safety.
Enforce courtroom rules of behavior and warn persons not to smoke or disturb court procedure.
Maintain public order or security.
Warn individuals about rule violations or safety concerns.
Maintain order in courtroom during trial and guard jury from outside contact.
Guard lodging of sequestered jury.
Guard facilities.
Check courtroom for security and cleanliness and assure availability of sundry supplies, such as notepads, for use by judge, jurors, and attorneys.
Inspect facilities for cleanliness.
Maintain inventories of materials, equipment, or products.
Screen, control, and handle evidence and exhibits during court proceedings.
Process forensic or legal evidence in accordance with procedures.
Report need for police or medical assistance to sheriff's office.
Request emergency personnel.
Maintain court docket.
Document legal or regulatory information.
Stop people from entering courtroom while judge charges jury.
Prevent unauthorized individuals from entering restricted areas.
Announce entrance of judge.
Importance Work Activity
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Performing Administrative Activities — Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
(Abstract from Career Articles)
Correctional Officers and Bailiffs
Correctional officers are responsible for overseeing individuals who have been arrested and are awaiting trial or who have been sentenced to serve time in jail or prison. Bailiffs are law enforcement officers who maintain safety and order in courtrooms.
Working in a correctional institution can be stressful and dangerous. Correctional officers and jailers have one of the highest rates of injuries and illnesses, often resulting from confrontations with inmates. Security must be provided 24 hours a day in correctional facilities, so officers work in shifts that cover all hours of the day and night, weekends and holidays. Bailiffs work with prisoners, who may become violent.
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Source: MyPlan.com, LLC, 2019; includes information from the O*NET 20.3 database, 2016, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-2024 Edition. O*NET™ is a trademark of the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.
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