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Land & Food Security recounted
Land & Food Security
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Producing food for the world's growing rural and urban populations starts with agricultural land. Reducing current high levels of hunger and malnutrition, as called for by the Sustainable Development Goals, will depend on land use decisions and governance from the global to the local level. Improving food security at both the global and local level will require land governance that creates incentives for greater productivity and improves access to nutritious food for the poor and vulnerable, without creating further strain on environmental services.
More efficient use of agricultural land can boost crop yields and meet growing global demand for food. Smallholders have a vital role to play, both because they produce much of the world's food and because they represent a large share of the world's poor and food insecure. At the local level, land tenure security, along with access to other resources, is linked with increased productivity and investments in land fertility, which in turn can increase food security [3]. What holds for small farmers in general is even more critical for women. Empowering women through more secure land rights and greater control over household decision making not only boosts production of food crops but also leads to improved nutrition for families. However, climate change and resource degradation are reducing yields and available land, threatening to slow or reverse progress on world hunger [4]. Addressing these new challenges requires investment in sustainable and climate-smart intensification. What is needed to improve food security? Natural and social science data, knowledge, and tools will all be essential to address the coming challenges [5]. Solutions will include improved crop varieties and agricultural technologies, and just as importantly, improvements and adaptations in the social and economic systems that link land to food security outcomes, including governance, incentives, markets, and investments.
Food Security and Land: A Global View
Production of crops and livestock uses about 40 percent of the Earth's ice-free land, including much of the land suitable for agriculture [6]. Expansion in agricultural land in recent years was largely in tropical areas in South America and Africa south of the Sahara. Cropland is expected to increase by an additional 10 to 25 percent by 2050 [7]. In part because of the environmental constraints to expansion of land area, increases in food production in recent years owe much to improvements in yields—that is, more production per unit of land—although yield growth appears to have slowed in recent years [8]. [Data on land and labor productivity help explain yield changes]
Food demand is expected to increase by as much as 70 percent by 2050 [9]. This increase will need to be met largely with further improvements in yields [10]. Use of better varieties and investments in agricultural management have substantial potential to meet global demand sustainably without expanding agricultural land [11]. However, to meet the growing demand, substantially faster growth in yields will be required [12].
Global quantities of agricultural production are important, but do not ensure that the poor and vulnerable have access to a sufficient and nutritious diet—meaning not only enough calories for an active, healthy life, but also vital nutrients and micronutrients (such as calcium, iron, and zinc) [13]. Increased food production dramatically decreased global hunger in the last 50 years [14], but both agricultural yields and access to food vary dramatically across regions, countries, and communities [15]. The Global Hunger Index (2016)—which measures food insecurity in terms of undernourishment, child stunting and wasting, and child mortality—finds that seven countries suffer "alarming" levels of hunger and 43 suffer "serious" levels [16]. Africa south of the Sahara and South Asia suffer hunger levels substantially above other regions. Malnutrition has high costs—global economic losses are estimated at US$1.4–2.1 trillion per year [17].
Local hunger and malnutrition are not the result of a global food shortage—although natural disasters, competition from non-food crops, and disruptions of food systems in conflict zones can contribute to the problem. Rather, hunger and malnutrition are the result of food systems that fail to meet the needs of the poor and vulnerable. Addressing food insecurity will depend on increasing land productivity and on improving physical, social, and economic access to adequate, nutritious diets globally and locally.
Smallholders, Land, and Food Security
Some 475 million smallholder farmers in the developing world produce an estimated 80 percent of food in Asia and Africa south of the Sahara [18]. Globally, the food insecure live predominantly in rural areas—and 84 percent of the world's farms are smaller than 2 hectares [19]. For many of smallholders, access to land is the basis for their livelihoods and a critical factor in families' food security [20]. As populations increase and land becomes increasingly scarce [21], addressing the threats to smallholders' access to land is essential to food security [22]. Food aid and safety nets have a critical role to play in ensuring that today's food needs are adequately met. But long-term food security depends on rural development that includes greater farm productivity, better incomes, and more rural nonfarm jobs.
Land lies at the heart of both household-level food security and rural development. Land reforms have focused on redistribution of land to increase access for land-poor and landless farmers, and more commonly in recent years, on improving security of tenure through certification and other schemes [23]. Land rights can take many forms, with different regimes suitable for different types of farming and different communities [24]. Whatever their form, secure rights are: clearly defined, enforceable, appropriately transferable, and socially and legally legitimate [25]. For many smallholders, one or more of these components are missing [26].
Security of land and resource rights is widely recognized as a valuable, and perhaps necessary, prerequisite for improving productivity [27]. When farmers are confident that they will enjoy the benefits of improvements they make to their land and the crops they produce, they are likely to invest more, boosting productivity and incomes [28]. Moreover, financial institutions may be more willing to provide credit for these improvements, or insurance against losses [29]. For example, land titling in Latin America and Asia has been linked with increased investment [30]. In Ethiopia's Tigray region, certification led to a 40–45 percent increase in productivity; and in Rwanda, soil conservation investments doubled [31].
The link from tenure security to productivity and consequently to food security is logical, but has only been demonstrated in a few studies [32]. The reform in the Tigray region, for example, increased food production and food access for poor, female-headed, sharecropping households [33].
Many smallholders are hampered not only by weak land rights but also by poor land quality or other conditions of poverty and vulnerability, such as poor access to agricultural technologies and knowledge, markets, and off-farm employment opportunities. Many live in regions where risks of natural disaster are high. In fact, most smallholders are net buyers of food for reasons including insufficient land, land degradation, natural disasters, and seasonality of production [34]. All these factors limit investments and use of credit to increase productivity [35].
How best to increase food production is highly location- and context-specific [36]. Models suggest that yields can be significantly increased in many parts of Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe through investment in agricultural R&D, low-cost technologies, and agricultural extension [37]. But for tenure security to lead to rural development that will ensure food security, additional investments are needed in infrastructure such as roads and storage and processing facilities to develop markets and food value chains, and legal and regulatory regimes that foster agricultural markets and nonfarm rural employment [38]. Data on investment in agricultural R&D is available at https://www.asti.cgiar.org/data.
Women, Land, and Food Security
Women make up an estimated 43 percent of the agricultural labor force in developing countries, and up to 50 percent in parts of Asia and Africa [39]. But women consistently have less access to land and less security of resource rights, and their farm plots are usually smaller and of poorer quality [40]. Lack of land rights leaves women and children more vulnerable to food insecurity, expropriation, and climate change and shocks [41]. Social, cultural, and legal biases against women's ownership of land make control over property one of the greatest inequalities between men and women [42].
Women's control over land contributes to women's empowerment [43], giving them greater say in household decision making, including decisions about what to plant, what investments to make, and what food to buy. Land rights may also increase women's access to agricultural inputs and support services and to markets [44]. When granted the same access as men, yields on women's plots can rise by 20 to 30 percent [45]. For example, in Rwanda, when land rights were formalized, the increase in soil conservation investments by women was almost twice that among men [46].
The link to food security and nutrition is strong [47]. When women have control over assets, they are more likely than men to make decisions that improve food and nutrition for the family, especially for children [48]. For example, women are more likely to opt to plant food crops to supplement the family diet, rather than high-value crops often preferred by men [49]. The effect is not limited to the food they produce—in Nicaragua and Honduras women who own land are more likely to have control over household income than women who don't own land, and their families spend more on food [50]. In Nepal, women landowners are more likely to hold sway in family decisions, and their children are less likely to be severely underweight [51]. In countries where women lack rights or opportunity to own land, 60 percent more children are malnourished than in countries where woman have some access to land [52].
While control over land has a major impact, women's empowerment in agriculture may be limited in other ways. Efforts to facilitate more productive involvement of women in agriculture must consider gender in all aspects of agricultural development and food policy—such as women's access to markets and financial tools, and the appropriateness of agricultural R&D and extension for women's needs [53]. The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) provides a systematic framework for collecting data on women's empowerment, which can help in the development of gender-sensitive policies [54].
Climate Change, Resource Degradation, Land, and Food Security
Climate change and widespread resource degradation, if unaddressed, will have major impacts on the productivity of agricultural land. Significant arable areas have already been lost to desertification, salinization, and soil erosion related to unsustainable land management, as well as to urbanization and other human uses [55]. And the global food system faces increasing competition for its primary inputs: land, water, and energy [56]. Climate change will add to the loss of productive regions through drought, rising temperatures, and change in the distribution of pests and diseases [57]; yields are expected to decrease by 5 to 7 percent at the global level by 2050 [58], and whole food systems may be at risk [59].
The most concerning impacts are at the local and regional level. Underdeveloped regions—where food security is already problematic—are likely to experience the worst shocks [60]. Dry areas in North Africa and southern Africa are likely to become drier [61]. Smallholders will be particularly hard hit [62]. Yields of staple crops grown and eaten by smallholders—maize, wheat, and rice—are expected to decline [63] possibly by as much as 20 percent for some parts of Africa [64]. (Projections of climate-change effects on food production are provided by the IMPACT model.)
The world faces a threefold challenge: meeting food demand of a larger and more affluent population, in an environmentally and socially sustainable way, while reducing hunger [65]. A number of technical fixes are already known, but the solution will also require a wholesale reorientation toward sustainability and resilience [66]. Sustainable intensification applies technologies and management practices based on location-specific research to boost yields and long-term productivity with more sustainable resource use [67]. Land management for healthy soils is an essential component of intensification, vital to ensuring a sustainable food supply and resilience to shocks and contributing to CO2 sequestration [68].
Climate-smart agriculture offers a set of tools to increase resilience and help small farmers both adapt to climate change and contribute to mitigation efforts. Technologies include climate-ready crop varieties and water-conservation and soil-enhancing practices: zero-tillage, drip irrigation, and integrated soil fertility management [69]. Orienting smallholders toward these approaches will require policies that ensure land rights and reduce barriers to markets, credit, extension, insurance, and social protection, and that reduce constraints to women's participation [70].
While changes in land management will need to be implemented at the farm level to improve the food security of farm families and rural communities, countries will also need to address ecosystem needs and broad shifts in productivity at the landscape level (meaning at a larger scale than individual farms) [71]. Climate change will drive changes in what a country can best produce and in comparative advantage, along with changes in global food crop prices [72]. Agriculture is also a source of greenhouse gases, contributing about 30–35 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions through tropical deforestation, methane from livestock and rice, and nitrous oxide from fertilized soils [73]. Landscape-level changes in agricultural production patterns are needed to limit climate change and to improve food security—including not only a halt to the expansion of agricultural land but also more efficient use of water and improved soil management techniques [74].
National Examples
A wide range of research has looked at, and continues to examine, the complex relationships between land and food security. The examples below illustrate just a few of the findings from this work in countries around the world—including research looking at the role of tenure security for small farmers and women and at efforts to address resource degradation and climate change in ways that improve food security.
Smallholders: Land tenure security increased farmers' long-term investments in agricultural land in Ethiopia [75]. Farmers who felt that their tenure was secure were 60 percent more likely to invest in terracing, which helps to maintain soils and land productivity, than those fearing expropriation, according to one study [76]. Land certification meant that farm households were more likely to invest in trees and terracing [77] and increased their calorie intake [78]. For poor, female-headed households, production increased and their access to food increased even more with certification than the average for all farmers [79].
Gender: In Nepal, where about 80 percent of households depend directly on the land for their livelihoods, almost 90 percent of women workers are in agriculture but only 14 percent of land-owning households include women landowners [80]. In those households, food security is enhanced: women are more likely to have final say in household decisions and children are one-third less likely to be severely underweight.
In Uganda, introduction of a new crop variety designed to improve nutrition, the vitamin A biofortified orange sweet potato (OSP), met with a better reception from households where women controlled more land [81]. While OSP was least likely to be adopted on parcels of land controlled by men, adoption rates were highest on jointly controlled parcels for which women were the decision makers. Increased vitamin A intake is associated with reduced illness in children [82].
Resource scarcity: To address severe pressure on land resources and land degradation in southern Malawi, a land reform program resettled farmers in another area, providing each household with 2 hectares of land, a cash grant, and access to services to promote sustainable intensification [83]. Production increased, most likely because of increased farm size. Productivity increases were likely constrained by the remoteness of the new plots, which reduced access to markets for inputs and outputs. In addition, the formal land titling process favored men's ownership, while traditional land tenure rules had given women more access to land resources.
Climate change: Addressing climate change will require sound decision making about land use at the landscape level. In Colombia, global models of climate change impacts were used in conjunction with local-level data to help the country formulate its international commitments on climate change [84]. The exercise highlighted the economic trade-offs, opportunities, and repercussions of various land use options. Investments in livestock productivity showed potential to reduce deforestation, while expansion of palm oil appeared likely to reduce other perennial crops.
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https://landportal.info/library/resources/landwiserecord416item452/land-rights-and-food-security-linkages-between-secure; K. Alledorf, "Do Women's Land Rights Promote Empowerment and Child Health in Nepal?" World Development 35, no. 11 (2007): 1975–1988, Avialable at:
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[48] FAO 2011; L. C. Smith, U. Ramakrishnan, A. Ndiaye, L. Haddad, and R. Martorell, The Importance of Women's Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries, IFPRI Research Report 131 (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2003), Avialable at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/ifpri-p15738coll2-129650/importance-womens-status-child-nutrition-developing; World Bank, From Agriculture to Nutrition: Pathways, Synergies and Outcomes (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2007), Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/40196-glb/agriculture-nutrition-pathways-synergies-and-outcomes
[49] Landesa, "Land Rights and Food Security: The Linkages between Secure Land Rights, Women, and Improved Household Food Security and Nutrition," March 2012.
[50] E. Katz and J. S. Chamorro, "Gender, Land Rights, and the Household Economy in Rural Nicaragua and Honduras" (Paper prepared for USAID/BASIS CRSP, Madison, Wisconsin, 2002), Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/101093jaeeji025/effects-intrahousehold-property-ownership-expenditure-patterns ; P. Bhagowalia, P. Menon, A. R. Quisumbing, and V. Soundararajan, "What Dimensions of Women's Empowerment Matter Most for Child Nutrition? Evidence Using Nationally Representative Data from Bangladesh," IFPRI Discussion Paper 1192 (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2012),
https://landportal.info/library/resources/880336880/what-dimensions-women%E2%80%99s-empowerment-matter-most-child-nutrition
[51] Allendorf 2007.
[52] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Do Discriminatory Social Institutions Matter for Food Security?, At Issue, February 2012, Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/do-discriminatory-social-institutions-matter-food-security.
[53] A. R. Quisumbing, D. Rubin, C. Manfre, E. Waithanji, M. van den Bold, D. Olney, and R. Meinzen-Dick, Closing the Gender Asset Gap: Learning from Value Chain Development in Africa and Asia (Paper developed for the UN Foundation and ExxonMobil Foundation research collaboration on "Building a Roadmap for Women's Economic Empowerment"), 2013,
https://landportal.info/library/resources/128013/closing-gender-asset-gap-learning-value-chain-development-africa-and-asia
[54]SEE IFPRI's WEAI RESOURCE CENTER http://www.ifpri.org/topic/weai-resource-center
[55] Godfray et al. 2010; C. Nellemann, ed., The Environmental Food Crisis: The Environment's Role in Averting Future Food Crises: A UNEP Rapid Response Assessment, (Hertfordshire: UNEP/Earthprint, 2009), Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/978-82-7701-054-0/environmental-food-crisis-environments-role-averting-future-food.
[57] T. Wheeler and J. von Braun, "Climate Change Impacts on Global Food Security," Science 341, no. 6145 (2013): 508–513.
[58] A. de Pinto, K. Wiebe, and M. W. Rosegrant, Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Options: A Global-to-Local Approach, IFPRI Policy Brief, (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016), Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/climate-change-and-agricultural-policy-options-global-local-approach; K. Wiebe, H. Lotze-Campen, R. Sands, A. Tabeau, D. van der Mensbrugghe, A. Biewald, and B. Bodirsky, et al., "Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in 2050 under a Range of Plausible Socioeconomic and Emissions Scenarios," Environmental Research Letters 10, no. 8 (2015): 085010, Available at: https://landportal.info/library/resources/1010881748-9326108085010/climate-change-impacts-agriculture-2050-under-range.
[59] Wheeler and von Braun 2013.
[60] de Pinto et al. 2016; M. W. Rosegrant, J. Koo, N. Cenacchi, C. Ringler, R. D. Robertson, M. Fisher, C. M. Cox, K. Garrett, N. D. Perez, and P. Sabbagh, Food Security in a World of Natural Resource Scarcity: The Role of Agricultural Technologies (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014), http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/128022.
[61] Wheeler and von Braun 2013; S. Solomon, et al., eds. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
[62] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (Geneva: IPCC, 2014), Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/978-92-9169-143-2/climate-change-2014-synthesis-report
[63] Nwanze and Fan 2016; J. Morton, "The Impact of Climate Change on Smallholder and Subsistence Agriculture," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 50 (2007): 19680–19685, Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/101073pnas0701855104/impact-climate-change-smallholder-and-subsistence-agriculture.
[64] de Pinto et al. 2016; IPCC 2014.
[65] Godfray et al. 2010; von Braun 2007.
[66] FAO 2016.
[67] J. Koo, E. Nkonya, C. Azzari, C. Cox, T. Johnson, A. Komarek, H.-Y. Kwon, et al., "Land and Soil Management: Promoting Healthy Soils for Healthier Agricultural Systems," in 2016 Global Food Policy Report (Washingon, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016), 41–47, http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/130213.
[68] Koo et al. 2016; FAO 2016.
[71] de Pinto et al. 2016; Koo et al. 2016.
[72] de Pinto et al. 2016.
[74] Gofray et al. 2010; Foley et al. 2011; Nelleman et al. 2009.
[75] K. Deininger, S. Jin, B. Adenew, S. Gebre-Selassie, and B. Nega, "Tenure Security and Land-Related Investment: Evidence from Ethiopia," (Policy Research Working Paper 2991 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003), Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/oaiopenknowledgeworldbankorg1098618321/tenure-security-and-land-related-investment
[76] Deininger et al. 2003; Landesa, Land Rights and Agricultural Productivity, Issue Brief, April 2012,
https://landportal.info/library/resources/land-rights-and-agricultural-productivity.
[77] S. T. Holden, K. Deininger, and H. Ghebru, "Impacts of Low-Cost Land Certification on Investment and Productivity," American Journal of Agricultural Economics 91, no. 2 (2009): 359-373, Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/oaiopenknowledgeworldbankorg109865851/impacts-low-cost-land-certification.
[78] H. Ghebru and S. Holden, Links between Tenure Security and Food Security: Evidence from Ethiopia, ESSP II Working Paper 59 (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Food Policy Research Institute [IFPRI] and Ethiopian Development Research Institute [EDRI], 2013). Availabe at:
http://landportal.info/library/resources/links-between-tenure-security-and-food-security-evidence-ethiopia
[79] Ghebru and Holden 2013.
[80] Allendorf 2007; USAID 2016.
[81] D. O. Gilligan, N, Kumar, S. McNiven, J. V. Meenakshi, and A. R. Quisumbing, "Bargaining Power and Biofortification: The Role of Gender in Adoption of Orange Sweet Potato in Uganda," IFPRI Discussion Paper 1353 (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014), Available at:
https://landportal.info/library/resources/links-between-tenure-security-and-food-security-evidence-ethiopia.
[82] Gilligan et al. 2014.
[83] V. Mueller, A. R. Quisumbing, H. L. Lee, and K. Droppelmann, "Resettlement for Food Security's Sake: Insights from a Malawi Land Reform Project, Land Economics 90, no. 2 (May 2014): 222-236. http://le.uwpress.org/content/90/2/222.abstract.
[84] A. de Pinto, K. Wiebe, and M. W. Rosegrant, Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Options: A Global-to-Local Approach, IFPRI Policy Brief, (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016), Available at: https://landportal.info/library/resources/climate-change-and-agricultural-policy-options-global-local-approach.
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Longevity Acquisition Corporation Announces Increased Cash Contribution for the Extension
Longevity Acquisition Corporation
NEW YORK, Nov. 17, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Longevity Acquisition Corporation (NASDAQ: LOAC) (the "Company" or "LOAC"), a publicly-traded special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), announced that in light of the upcoming special shareholder meeting (the "Special Meeting"), if the shareholders approves the proposal to extend the date by which the Company must complete its initial business combination from November 30, 2020 to May 29, 2021 or such earlier date as determined by the board (the "Extension"), for each public share that is not redeemed by the Company's shareholders in connection with the Extension (each, a "Remaining Share"), for each monthly period, or portion thereof during the Extension, it will deposit $0.05 per share into the trust account as additional interest on the proceeds in the trust account Extension (the " Increased Cash Contribution"). This Increased Cash Contribution replaces the previously announced cash contribution of $0.025 per month for each Remaining Share.
No changes have been made to the Special Meeting's date, record date and location or the proposals to be brought before the Special Meeting, which are presented in the Company's definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2020.
About LOAC
LOAC is a blank check company, also commonly referred to as a Special Purpose Acquisition Company, or SPAC, formed for the purpose of acquiring, engaging in a share exchange, share reconstruction and amalgamation, purchasing all or substantially all of the assets of, entering into contractual arrangements, or engaging in any other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities. LOAC's efforts to identify a target business have not been limited to a particular industry or geographic region. LOAC is sponsored by Whale Management Corporation, a BVI business company with limited liability.
Additional Information about the Transaction and Where to Find it
The Company, its directors and certain of its executive officers are participants in the solicitation of proxies from the Company's shareholders in connection with the matters to be considered at Company's upcoming Special Meeting. The Company filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on October 26, 2020 a definitive proxy statement and form of proxy card in connection with its solicitation of proxies from Company shareholders for the Annual Meeting. Company shareholders are strongly encouraged to read the definitive proxy statement (including any supplements or amendments thereto), the accompanying form of proxy card and any other relevant documents that the Company files with the SEC when they become available because they will contain important information. Detailed information regarding the identity of participants and their direct or indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, is set forth in the proxy statement and other materials filed by the Company with the SEC. Shareholders are able to obtain the proxy statement, any supplements or amendments to the proxy statement and other documents filed by the Company with the SEC for no charge at the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. If you have questions about how to vote or direct a vote in respect of your shares, you may contact Advantage Proxy at (877) 870-8565 (toll free) or by email at [email protected]
This press release and the exhibits hereto include "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and within the meaning of Section 27a of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21e of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Any actual results may differ from expectations, estimates and projections presented or implied and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Words such as "expect," "estimate," "project," "budget," "forecast," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "may," "will," "could," "should," "believes," "predicts," "potential," "continue," and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, LOAC's expectations with respect to future performance, anticipated financial impacts of the proposed business combination, approval of the business combination transactions by security holders, the satisfaction of the closing conditions to such transactions and the timing of the completion of such transactions.
SOURCE Longevity Acquisition Corporation
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Kay Park
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Kay assists multinational businesses working in Korea on developing their public policies and communications strategies. Having worked as a journalist for over a decade, she has a deep understanding of media, government and business sectors not only in Korea but also in China where she built her earlier years' experience.
Kay began her journalist career as a reporter for The Global Times in Beijing, where she dealt with pan-Asian affairs and financial markets. She returned to her native Korea in 2016, joining The Korea Herald as a reporter for business, investment, labor and economic issues. She continues to work as a business journalist concurrent to her advisory role at BGA.
Kay graduated from Sookmyung Women's University with a double major in political science and economics. She worked for a boutique private equity firm as a junior analyst and investor relations manager before transitioning to journalism. She received a master's degree in business journalism from China's Tsinghua University in 2010, and a graduate certificate in Chinese and American studies in 2016 from the Hopkins-Nanjing Center, a program jointly run by Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and Nanjing University.
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It's been a few years since I've seen this and perhaps only the second time watching it on this nice DVD transfer. Would love to get a Blu-ray of it. Watching this so soon after having seen The Strange Colour of Your Body's Tears, it's easy to see the influence Suspiria had on Colour. Makes me want to watch Amer even more now.


text:
Neighborhoodsby Ed Gunts and Mark Reutter11:27 amDec 18, 20200
Above: Exterior of the Tractor Building, part of the Poole & Hunt industrial complex where the columns of the U.S. Capitol were made. (Ed Gunts)
In its first public meeting since Brandon Scott became mayor, with Scott's chief of staff participating, Baltimore's Planning Commission barred city residents from providing testimony on an item it was considering.
After waiting more than an hour to testify about Larry Jennings' development project in their community, Woodberry residents were told the commission would not be taking public testimony before voting on the matter, and they would not be permitted to speak.
During its virtual session yesterday, the commission did offer to listen to public testimony about other agenda items, including a proposed land subdivision near Johns Hopkins Hospital and a partial street closing in South Baltimore.
But when it came to the final item of the day, described on the agenda as a "discussion" about the final development plans for the historic Tractor Building, there was no discussion between the commission and the community.
Chairman Sean Davis made it clear up front that he wasn't interested in hearing from the public.
"For those of you who are on the phone, or who are on mute, there will be no public testimony as part of this," he declared.
"I hope you understand"
Several minutes later, Davis acknowledged the agenda didn't warn people from Woodberry that they wouldn't be allowed to address the commission.
"I know there are a number of people who are on the attending list who probably want to testify for this," he said. "I hope you understand."
The meeting had been listed on the commission's agenda without any indication that it would be held in "closed session" or that the public would otherwise be prohibited from testifying.
Because it was held virtually and a city employee controls both the mute button and phone lines, Davis had the ability to allow or deny public testimony as he saw fit. There was no room filled with an angry crowd that he had to face.
No other panel member, including Scott's chief of staff, Michael Huber, or the panel's City Council representative Eric Costello, questioned Davis' decision or suggested that he reconsider.
Without objections from other commission members, Sean Davis forbid citizen comments during yesterday's "discussion" of the politically-sensitive Tractor Building project. (WebEx)
After the meeting, John C. Murphy, an attorney representing two homeowner groups in Clipper Mill, said he was troubled by the commission's action.
"It was advertised as a public hearing, and they didn't allow the public to speak. I think that's wrong," Murphy said. "To not allow the public to speak on a momentous decision of this sort, I just think is improper."
Not the First Muting
This is the second time private citizens have been unable to speak at a public hearing held by the Planning Commission.
After a meeting in October, four members of the Mount Vernon Belvedere Association said they weren't able to testify about a plan to subdivide the Mount Vernon Place United Methodist Church property.
The Tractor Building hearing had been ordered by Circuit Court Judge John Nugent after residents appealed two votes by the commission last June to approve final development plans by Jennings to construct 98 apartments on the Tractor Building site.
The Clipper Mill residents argued that the planning commission didn't provide "findings of fact," as required by law, to support its votes to approve Jennings project.
A month later, Jennings filed a $25 million lawsuit against residents and two homeowners boards for testifying against his plans, saying their challenges have cost him millions of dollars.
Nugent dismissed the lawsuit last month as an illegal SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation), Last Friday, Jennings' lawyers filed notice that they will appeal his decision.
Jennings Confers with Mosby
On Tuesday morning, Jennings was seen holding a private conversation with Baltimore's new City Council president, Nick Mosby, outside the Starbucks at 6227 North Charles Street just over the city-county line.
They met seated across from each other. Mosby wore a mask; Jennings did not, The Brew was told.
Jennings later confirmed he and Mosby had talked. Asked about the subject of the meeting, Jennings said, "We talked about the weather." He declined further comment.
Mosby's office was asked on Tuesday to explain why he was meeting with the businessman. Neither Mosby nor his communications director has yet to respond.
Asked about the subject of his meeting with Mosby, Jennings said, "We talked about the weather."
Jennings' sphere of influence at City Hall was further underscored by his appointment by Mayor Scott to serve on the mayor's transition committee.
Sources say Jennings was reluctant to serve on the panel, but acquiesced at the mayor's request. Scott's communications director has since defended the selection, saying Scott values "Mr. Jennings' perspective as a Black businessman from Park Heights as one of the 26 members on the Housing Committee."
Jennings grew up in Park Heights, but now lives in a luxury condominium in North Baltimore. Last night, Jennings sent an email to The Brew clarifying how he should be addressed:
"In all references to my name and function, I should be referenced as 'private equity fund manager,' not developer, That is my proper title. Have a good holiday," he wrote.
Larry Jennings with a student band when he was chairman of Park Heights Renaissance, a nonprofit corporation charged with revitalizing the northwest neighborhood. (Park Heights Renaissance)
After Davis told Woodberry residents they could not speak, he explained that the Tractor Building item was put on the commission's agenda to address the judge's order, not to take new testimony from the public.
"This is a consideration of the findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding a hearing that was held back in June of 2020, on June 18, 2020," he said. "All public testimony was taken at that time. This is just the recordation of the findings of fact and conclusions of law."
For six minutes yesterday, Davis read into the record a report he wrote, recapping the commission's deliberations leading up to its votes to approve the Tractor Building conversion on June 18.
Commissioner Eric Stephenson asked Davis why the development plans for the Tractor Building weren't reviewed by the Maryland Historical Trust, as required under the Planned Unit Development (PUD) zoning legislation that guides development at Clipper Mill.
Davis told Stephenson that the requirement, while in the original PUD, had been "superseded" by subsequent discussions with the Maryland Historical Trust and the city's Commission for Historical & Architectural Preservation.
Assistant Planning Director Laurie Feinberg suggested that Davis might want to alter his findings of fact to note that Woodberry was not a city historic district on June 18 and, therefore, not under CHAP's purview when the Planning Commission took its action.
The Planning Commission "didn't talk about whether the project was a good idea. The fact of the matter is, it's a terrible idea" – Lawyer John Murphy.
Clipper Mill residents Jeff Pietrzak and Jared Block submitted written testimony on behalf of the homeowner groups they represent. It was never read into the public record.
The commission voted 6-0 to approve Davis' statement and send it to Judge Nugent. Huber abstained, and at least one member dropped out of the meeting before the vote was taken.
Looking west toward the Tractor Building when the Poole & Hunt Works was a major manufacturer of metal castings and railway equipment. (Baltimore Commission for Historical & Architectural Preservation)
Missing the Big Picture
Attorney Murphy, who watched the meeting, said he wasn't impressed with Davis's write-up. He said that the commission, by its action, is allowing Jennings to tear down much of the historic building in order to construct a hive of apartments inside the shell.
What alarmed him most about Davis' summary, Murphy said, was its focus on the ways the panel members were being consistent with the technical requirements of the zoning ordinance, while missing the "big picture" of whether the development was right for Woodberry.
"They didn't talk about whether the project was a good idea. The fact of the matter is, it's a terrible idea."
Murphy said the Tractor Building is the most significant historic structure in Baltimore currently being considered for alteration.
He said he doesn't think the Maryland Historical Trust would ever support a plan that called for removal of its roof trusses and other original features to accommodate apartments.
Industrial buildings, such as the ones at Clipper Mill, have become more highly regarded today than ever before because of what they say about the past.
"When historic preservation got started, nobody gave a damn about industrial buildings," Murphy said. "But that was 30, 40 years ago. Now they're really valued because they represent our history in a very powerful way."
NeighborhoodsDec 7, 2020
Community contests Planning Commission vote to subdivide Mount Vernon Place church parcel
Court challenge is the latest appeal of a decision made under Chairman Sean Davis.


text:
SPRING 2020 READY-TO-WEAR
By Luke Leitch
They came piped with leather at the collar and a line of the house's signature Monili beaded sparkle beneath, it's true. And they were presented in five washed-out colors, best in berry, especially when worn against the house-prescribed Lurex-flecked cashmere rib-knit leg warmer. But these were also most definitely the most basic, rustic piece of footwear: rubber boots. Brunello Cucinelli wellies? What was afoot?
Tuscany's philosophical fashion titan was offering these poshest of galoshes as an expression of the back-to-nature element that less overtly ran throughout this collection. Wide-weave mohair sweaters with the quietest glint of internal sequin, roughly slubbed linen jackets and pants juddered with purposefully wonky stripe, and the house's trademark Opera knits—handmade wearable collages of hemp, cotton, and linen that take at least 28 hours to create—were all presented in natural tones. Like the roughened fringing on a raffia hat here, they bore the mark of their making; you could see the impression of the hands that had crafted them.
But it was not all rustic fleck. Pared-down dusters, monochrome layered pailette-scattered pleated skirts, sleek leather short-suits, rich berry-toned linen suits, and irregularly striped marinière sweaters were all part of a gently referential dance between '90s grunge and minimalism (very softly whispered) and the tailoring prowess of the house. "I think that tastes are becoming more streamlined and simple—still chic and luxurious—but more attuned to volumes and shapes rather than elaborate details as they have been in the last four or five years," said Cucinelli. He expanded on this statement by citing Jil Sander, Yohji Yamamoto, and Giorgio Armani as the prime examples of this design philosophy he had followed in the '80s and '90s.
One thing that's certain is the notion of buying a single precious garment (or boot) that will serve you for life, rather than opting for a semi-precious fancy that will be worn for a season, is the direction in which consumers are—and should—be shifting. Much in this collection, those Opera knits especially, were evidence that Brunello Cucinelli is a prime destination for the enlightened shopper.


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David O. Volpi. MD. FACS
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Cough may be unpleasant, but it is a very necessary and important process. If you cannot cough, you are at risk of aspiration (choking on your own food or saliva). The cough mechanism protects our airway by expelling liquids and foods that inadvertently enter the voice box and wind pipe. Most cough problems are temporary and are related to colds and flu, in which the cough expels infected mucus from the trachea to protect the lungs from injury. There are numerous additional causes of cough that are more longstanding:
Allergy to inhalants, foods and medications
Aspiration and Reflux, due to injury to the nerves of the neck and larynx, surgical procedures that affect the vocal cords, achalasia (loss of muscle strength of the esophagus), strictures of the esophagus.
Vocal Cord Paralysis due to infection, neck injury and neck surgery.
Tumors, which can injure or irritate the nerves of the throat, voice box, trachea and lungs as well as paraneoplastic syndromes.
Injuries to the neck, larynx, trachea and lungs.
Autoimmune disorders, such as Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma and sarcoidosis.
Congenital Anomalies, which impair swallowing by affecting the nerves to the larynx and lungs or due to laryngeal malformations or tracheoesophageal fistula.
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Medication and drug reactions.
Infections, such as tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.
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text:
Sam Carroll's TV campaign for new hospital accommodation
NATIONAL: Sam Carroll and his mum Angela appear on The Morning Show with Larry Edmur and Kylie Gillies. PHOTO: SCREENSHOT FROM CHANNEL 7
by cmorton
Clair Morton Journalist Although I've moved around a bit, I'm a Queensland girl at heart with a love of the ocean and the mighty maroons. Since moving to Grafton earlier this year I have fallen in love with the Valley lifestyle. The best part of my job here is getting to know the locals and putting their stories on paper; there is always something going on and so many people with interesting tales to tell.
RONALD McDonald House Westmead is a home away from home for Sam Carroll and his family.
Since being diagnosed with a rare form of cancer a year ago, the 10-year-old Grafton boy has had to travel to Westmead Children's Hospital frequently to receive treatment.
Having a warm bed and facilities close at hand after a long day has meant the world to his parents, brother Hugh and sister Mae, and helped make a difficult time easier.
The Carrolls are lucky they have rarely been turned away from the accommodation support service, but with only 18 rooms available at any one time, there are plenty of others who aren't so lucky.
That's why the Building Love campaign was created.
The aim is to raise $20 million for a new Ronald McDonald House facility worth $30 million, with the capacity to provide 60 rooms for families of children undergoing hospital treatment.
Ronald McDonald House marketing and development manager Belinda Woolford said there was not a day that went by that they didn't have to turn at least one family away.
"Their only other option to stay in hotels and other paid accommodation- which can obviously become very expensive," she said.
"The quicker we build a bigger house, the quicker we stop turning away those families."
Grafton community praised in Parliament for help with Sam Carroll
Sam Carroll runs the ball out at the Bledisloe Cup
Helping Hands trivia night for Sam Carroll
A state-wide telethon tomorrow - which coincidentally marks a year to the day since Sam's diagnosis - will hopefully get them closer to the goal, and the Carroll family is on the campaign trail to help spread the word.
Appearing on The Morning Show alongside hosts Larry Emdur and Kylie Gillies this week, Sam and his mum Angela chatted easily about the importance of the new facility to promote the Telethon.
Dad Adam Carroll said his son enjoyed meeting all the new faces the campaign brought, and was excited to introduce himself to celebrities at the Telethon on Saturday.
"It's nice to see him having fun and having something to look forward to," he said.
"Everyone who talks to him walks away with a smile on their face. We're very proud of all three of our children."
"We're in a position to help these types of services that have helped us and Ronald McDonald House is one of them," Mr Carroll said. "We're trying to help as many as we can that are helping us."
Grafton cancer patient Sam Carroll rings in new chapter
sam carroll
cancer ronald mcdonald house sam carroll tv


The eleventh word of verse (8:23) is a form IV masculine plural active participle and is in the nominative case (مرفوع). The active participle's triliteral root is ʿayn rā ḍād (ع ر ض).
Sahih International: Had Allah known any good in them, He would have made them hear. And if He had made them hear, they would [still] have turned away, while they were refusing.


text:
Slavery party shall have been duly convicted,
Slavery has been known as one of America's darkest moments in history. Although slavery was abolished on Dec. 15th 1866, thanks to the 13th amendment, unknown to the freed slaves they would soon be put through something much worst then slavery. The white southerners began to implicate many new laws, such as Black Codes, Pig law, that helped in creating Convict leasing. Also the Jim Crow laws would later be implemented. All this was possible because of a small clause in our 13th amendment "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." A few of the people that helped in making obstacles and convict leasing possible as well as the laws where, B.B Comer, J.W Comer, Andrew Johnson, John T. Miller and Jim Crow.
Black Codes were basically made to send ex-slaves back their plantations. Although some new laws did give blacks there right to get married, sue and be sued, be case witnesses and the right to own guns they varied from state to state. In some states they were given a curfew, and had to be off the streets by a certain time, they weren't allowed within city limits without authorization, they were limited in trade and legalized whipping as a way of correcting workers . In Mississippi they went as far as not selling them land except in certain towns. The worst law was the vagrants and vagrancy. It was easy to arrest black for violating vagrancy laws, because the freed blacks lacked wealth and land owning their previous condition of servitude. Also people that were accused of being vagrants were given a trial. If they were found to in fact be deemed a vagrant then they were fined fifty dollars. If the person could not pay then they were sentenced to six months in jail, or they would be incarcerated until their fine could be paid. This law stated that people found to be vagrant could be hired out to work, instead of going to jail, so they were either hired out to privet individuals or later forced to work public projects called chain gangs.
Convict leasing began in Alabama in 1846 lasting till 1928. In 1874 they made $14,000 in revenue by 1890 they made $164,000 which was an equivalent to $4.1 million dollars today. One of the biggest users of convict leasing was John T. Miller having J.W Comer as his overseer at the coal mines. He was considered a supreme racist and despotic employer, profiting off black convicts mining coal for steel to build the first railways in the south. A slave was worth more than a prisoner which could be rented for as little as $9 a month, it was 50%-80% less than mine worker. The working conditions they were given where horrible as they went through mental & physical abuse, drinking dirty mine water, not seeing the sun for up to 3 days at a time being pushed to the limit of human endurance. 30-40% of them died a year, by 1886 there were 15,000 prisoners working. In many labor camps 1/3 where boys younger than 16. Sweeps would take place especially around harvest times, or when a labor agents where coming to get more inmates. More than 2/3 of prisoner where convicted of under vague larceny or burglary charges including Ezekial Archiy. In 1884, a series of remarkable letters was sent from the Pratt Coal Mines to Alabama's new inspector of prisons by 25 year old convict Ezekial Archey. He was one of hundreds of convicts being worked in a growing network of mines and factories around the burgeoning city of Birmingham, Alabama.
University National University of Rwanda. Ucyeye Marie Louise
International here rich and now immensely rich […]
Vrije the Student's Handbook ARIYO OLATUNDE ABDULAZEEZ 16TH
During a slave born in Southampton, Virginia,
H2020 h 45.Research strategic planning PAGEREF _Toc524885949 h
1. India Company in the Raniganj coal basin
Burning and other chemicals to form sulfuric acid
Secession States of America. Founded in 1861
Zika environmental and local factors, such as pesticides,


Our topic is bread, for its importance in daily life and its universality. This two-week course, geared toward middle school students (and up!), follows bread from its origins at the ground level, covering its production, distribution, effects on culture, environmental implications, and finally its role in feeding the world.
Through the lens of the lifecycle of bread, this course will address many pressing issues of global importance, including the poverty cycle, global food supplies, industrial farming, water supplies, gender roles, and global warming. Students will use bread as a connecting factor to discover that these global questions have local implications, and that individual actions can actually have significant positive impacts. We hope to inspire an enthusiasm to think globally and act locally, and to construct a community of informed global citizens that can make a difference.
This online course is a bit different from conventional ones; it has been designed by students, for students. Unlike most online classes, this one was conceived and produced by first-year students at Colgate University, as a class project.
Please help us by providing us with feedback about your learning experience in this course. At the end of each lesson, you will be able to give us suggestions for how we can improve the educational activities, which we will use for future course development. Your ideas will help us to make online education more dynamic, exciting, and effective.
So please join us in this online course development adventure! We very much welcome your ideas, suggestions, and thoughts, and look forward to hearing from you throughout the course.
Dr. Karen Harpp is a volcanologist trained in chemistry and geology, who has taught a Core Scientific Perspectives course on the atomic bomb at Colgate University for longer than she'd care to admit (ok, it's 15 years). She is also a member of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program, where she team-teaches a course on weapons and war.


Chignecto Consulting Group Inc. has offices the East and West Coast of Canada. We offer a comprehensive range of professional services specializing in projects and issues affecting Aboriginal people in Canada. Working nationally and internationally with an impressive and capable array of associates, Chignecto Consulting Group offers clients, Native and non-Native, expert advice and assistance.
At Chignecto Consulting Group Inc., we believe that First Nations have the right to participate and benefit as full partners in Canadian society. We further believe that the establishment and maintenance of effective partnerships among First Nations, governments and the business community are essential to meaningful self-government and economic development. With this philosophy as our foundation, we are committed to meeting our clients' objectives while promoting self-sufficiency, self-determination, and facilitating the development of long term effective and equitable relationships with the appropriate partners.
Impact Benefit Agreements (IBA) and Socio-Economic Participation Agreements (SEPA) set out the specific benefits that First Nations will receive from a natural resource extraction project in terms of employment, business opportunities, training and development, and financial compensation for loss of the use of the land while the project is in operation. Chignecto can help your community negotiate a fair deal with the resource company. Contact us today!


text:
Rudki – hromada terytorialna w rejonie samborskim obwodu lwowskiego Ukrainy. Siedzibą hromady jest miasto Rudki.

Hromadę utworzono w 2017 roku w ramach reformy decentralizacji. W jej skład weszły miejscowości z dotychczasowych rad: Rudki, Pohorce, Podhajczyki, Susułów, Czajkowice. W 2020 roku dołączyły miejscowości z kolejnych dotychczasowych silskich rad: Łuki, Kupnowice, Woszczańce, Michalewice, Nikłowice, Nowosiółki Gościnne, Rozdziałowice, Wisznia.

Miejscowości hromady
W skład hromady wchodzi miasto Rudki i 33 miejscowości:

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України від 12.6.2020 r. № 718-р "Про визначення адміністративних центрів та затвердження територій територіальних громад Львівської області"

Rudki
Hromady w rejonie samborskim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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    package="com.lzy.okgo"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>

</manifest>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


(Dartmouth, NS) - New Scotland Brewing opens Saturday July 14th at 91 Alderney Drive in the heart of Dartmouth Nova Scotia. Kevin and Scott Saccary, of New Scotland Clothing, as well as Mike Gillespie are the driving forces behind the new brewery. Mike will be the brewer on the 5 BBL onsite system and plans a wide range of beer styles to be available on their taps. The space will host a bar with 10-12 taps of their beer as well as other NS beer and cider producers, a retail section for merchandise as well as cans when they become available and a stage as music is very important to the owners, so expect lots of local talent there in the evening.
They will have a Kolsch, IPA, Grapefruit APA, Scottish Ale and Stout available for opening as well as a very limited small batches of Strawberry Peppercorn Mead and Blackberry Chai Mead. The will also have live music Saturday with Willy Stratton.


text:
Train Travel Info► All Countries► Spain► All Spain Cities► Valencia► All Valencia Rail Stations► Valencia-Joaquin Sorolloa
Using the free shuttle bus:
To the city centre:
Valencia-Joaquin Sorolloa (Valencia)
Valencia Joaquín Sorolla station was constructed to house the high speed AVE trains when the high speed line between the city and Madrid opened.
The city's other main station Valencia Nord is widely considered to be the most beautiful station in Spain; it might just be our favourite station in Europe, but it would have required re-construction to accommodate the larger size of the AVE trains.
Hence the decision to build a second station in the city, this station, Valencia Joaquín Sorolla, which is only used by the AVE and Euromed train services to/from the city.
It is why the full name of the station is 'Valencia Joaquin Sorolla - Alta Velocidad'.
Boarding AVE trains at Joaquin Sorolla stationn
An exterior view of Valencia Joaquin Sorolla AVE station
Euromed trains have arrived at Valencia Joaquin Sorolla
Location Station Website (Spanish) Station Map/Diagram Real Time Departures Tourist Information Local Journey Planner Valencia Metro Public Transport (English) Train Times in Spain Train Tickets & Ticket Information Help with Planning a Train Journey from or to Valencia
The upside of the decision to build Joaquín Sorolla , (named after the artist) is that Valencia Nord station has been preserved, but the down side of this new station is its location.
Valencia Joaquin Sorolloa station:
is further from the city centre than Valencia Nord station, it's a 25 – 35min walk to the heart of the city around Valencia cathedral;
it is a 10 – 15 min walk to the main concourse at Valencia Nord station; which is where the IC, MediaDistancia and Cercanias (local) trains depart from;
isn't served by local buses to and from the city centre;
has no metro station
The nearest Metro station is 'Jesus' though it is only a is 3 - 5 minute walk away; turn left when exiting the station and leave the forecourt on its left hand side, then go straight ahead down a narrow street between apartment blocks named Carrer de Rois de Corella.
The station entrance is at the next intersection, you're looking for a white 'm' on a red circle.
Jesus station is on lines 1, 2 and 7 of the Valencia Metro and on line 7 it's a two station hop to Colon station in the heart of the city's shopping area; take trains heading towards Maritim Serreria.
Though the metro doesn't penetrate the old town area, Colon station is on its eastern edge; and there also no direct metro trains between Jesus and Xativa, which is the metro stop at Valencia Nord station.
If you'll be heading to Valencia Joaquín Sorolla station from the area around Colon metro station, then taking the metro to Jesus is a good option; the train station is harder to miss when you're walking towards it, though make sure when exiting the metro that you walk along Carrer de Rois de Corella.
So if you don't want to take a taxi to/from Valencia Joaqin Sorolloa station, the best option is usually to hop on the free shuttle bus between Joaqin Sorolloa and Nord stations.
The shuttle bus stop at Joaquin Sorolla station is easy to find; it's over to the right when you use exit from the station that's ahead, when you walk away from the trains.
The shuttle bus doesn't use public roads, so there's no risk of getting stuck in traffic and the journey only takes 2 mins.
However, at Valenica Nord, it doesn't arrive at/depart from the front of the station, instead it stops to the side of the station at the end of via (platform/track) 6.
So the shuttle bus stop is a 3 – 5min walk away from the main concourse, which is also where the access to the Xativa metro station is located.
Using Valencia Nord station Good to know about the other main railway station in Valencia
If you'll be transferring between Joaqin Sorolloa station and the old town, the area around Valencia cathedral, taxis are the best option – if you want to avoid a 25 – 35 min walk.
Valencia's public transport system doesn't penetrate the old town
To the area around the central market:
If you'll be transferring between Joaqin Sorolloa station and the area to the west of the cathedral, around the central market and don't want to walk or take a taxi, then the best option is:
take the shuttle bus to Valencia Nord station
walk through the station so that you exit from the front
take bus line 7 from the street outside Nord station to the 'Meercat Central' stop.
To the City of Arts and Sciences:
For the City Of Arts And Sciences complex take the shuttle bus to Valencia Nord and use the steps outlined above to transfer to Bus Line 15 instead of bus line 7.
The general guide to Spanish train travel Discover what's good to know about riding the trains, using the major stations, booking tickets and travelling with Eurail and InterRail passes
Journeys to Valencia-Joaquin Sorolloa
Barcelona to Valencia by train
How to take a rail journey from Barcelona to Valencia
There are three options for taking a train from Barcelona to Valencia:
1: The fastest, most frequent, but typically most expensive option is taking a Euromed service.
2. There are also slower, but typically cheaper alternative express trains available (and they can plug some gaps between the Euromed departures).
3. If you will be travelling with a Eurail or InterRail pass, or buying tickets last minute at the station, you can save money by taking the Regional-Express train.
Madrid to Valencia by train
How to take a rail journey from Madrid to Valencia


text:
//Problem 3. Circle Perimeter and Area

//    Write a program that reads the radius r of a circle and prints its perimeter and
//    area formatted with 2 digits after the decimal point.

using System;

class calcAreaPerimeter
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.Write("Insert the radius: ");
        double radius = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        double circlePerimeter = 2 * Math.PI * radius;
        double circleArea = Math.PI * Math.Pow(radius, 2);

        Console.WriteLine("Circle's perimeter is: {0:0.00}",circlePerimeter);
        Console.WriteLine("Circle's are is: {0:0.00}",circleArea);
    }
}


Hi, I have found a new pulmonary centre so I have a lung function test next Tuesday then a specialist will have a look. I will inform you of the outcome. Can't be any worse than the one I have. Thank you for your support.
So glad to hear you found a new pulmonary center and are in the hands of a specialist. We'll be thinking of you as you have your test and await the results! Thank you for being part of our community and for sharing your experiences – it definitely helps others as well.
Please stop back and let us know how you're doing – wishing you all the best!
Hi Andy – this is exciting news and you (also) sound like you're excited about the prospect of a new and better physician who specialized in lung diseases. We will look forward to hearing back from you right after the holiday weekend.


text:
Mapping Sudan's Lost City of Soba
Written by: Łukasz Banaszek
Thu 27 February 2020
Łukasz Banaszek, our Remote Sensing Mapping Manager, explains how an international project with participants from Poland, Sudan and Scotland has helped map the lost Sudanese city of Soba.
You might have heard about some amazing discoveries on the Isle of Arran last year? I was part of the team who used laser technology to map the island in a whole new way, revealing its secret history.
It's exciting to be at the forefront of technical innovations – using them to uncover the hidden past beneath our feet. At Historic Environment Scotland we also think it's important to share what we've learned with colleagues across the world to help understand and protect other globally important sites. It's also a chance for us to develop our skills. That's why, at the end of 2019, I headed to central Sudan.
What's in Sudan?
The area I visited in Sudan has an incredibly rich history. In medieval times the area was known as Nubia, a region divided today between Sudan and southern Egypt.
The focus of our expedition was the city of Soba. Soba was the royal seat and capital of the Nubian Kingdom of Alwa (Alodia). It flourished for centuries on the banks of the Nile, but eventually declined due to political, economic and environmental reasons.
Before its fall, Soba was described by Arab travellers as multi-ethnic metropolis. It boasted blooming gardens, numerous churches and monasteries, and rich seats of secular and ecclesial power. Sadly, in the early 1500s the city was destroyed and then abandoned. Soba never rose again from ashes and in the 19th century its ruins were heavily scavenged for redbrick during the construction of Khartoum, the new capital of then Turkish Sudan. Two centuries later, encroaching suburbia of modern Khartoum, extensive cultivation along the Nile valley and large-scale infrastructural projects further threaten the remains of Soba.
This once powerful royal seat spans an estimated area of 275 hectares – slightly larger than the area occupied by Holyrood Park in Edinburgh (260 hectares). To date, it has been poorly understood, with only 1% of the site subject to detailed archaeological investigations. This new project, undertaken by Polish, Sudanese and Scottish partners, aims to improve understanding of the site. Through archaeological, geophysical, and anthropological surveys and research we hope to better protect the site for the future.
Bringing a team together
To understand the archaeology of a site like medieval Soba, you need to bring a lot of different expertise to the project. The four key teams in this project were:
Landscape survey
I teamed up with a group of Sudanese students and graduates to help develop their skills in using high-accuracy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) devices and archaeological mapping. I also shared my expertise in spatial data management.
Students from Neelain University staking grid for geophysical survey using GNSS receiver. Photo: Ł. Banaszek
GNSS mapping works by placing a receiver in a location you want to map, then at least four satellites are called upon to calculate simultaneous measurements. When looking for accurate readings, considerations include how may satellites are in the visible parts of the sky, changes in the Earth's atmosphere, or whether you're in a deep valley. The location services on your smartphone work in a similar way, but are less powerful. Using this technology, we could precisely map surviving archaeological features.
I was also responsible for ensuring the collected spatial data was correctly integrated in a geographic information systems (GIS) environment. My colleague Andreas Buchholz wrote a recent blog on how we use GIS technology at Historic Environment Scotland.
GIS is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. It incorporates spatial data and organises it into visuals. Therefore, we can build up a picture and see patterns. This helped us to interpret past land use. Finally, we used this spatial data to plot unplanned agricultural expansion within the protected site and prevent further land conversion.
While our team collected spatial data, the geophysical team produced a map of magnetic anomalies of the site. These anomalies are often the result of the presence of ancient walls and buildings. This helps us to understand the layout of streets, buildings, and districts of Soba.
Robert Ryndziewicz from the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences explains the principles of a magnetic survey. Photo: Ł. Banaszek
The geophysical survey helped us to pinpoint particular sites of interest. After that, archaeologists carried out targeted excavations on these areas. Their excavations helped us interpret the anomalies and features from the magnetic survey. This archaeological information will help us to make educated guesses about the results of the magnetic surveys from the rest of the site.
Excavations in the morning light. It's possible to see the encroaching cultivation in the middle foreground. The suburbs of Khartoum are on the horizon. Photo: M. Drzewiecki
While archaeologists investigated the ruins of Soba, cultural anthropologists interviewed local residents to discuss the relations between the past and the present. For decades, the inhabitants of the area have been unearthing remains of the ancient kingdom in their every-day practice. For instance, cultivating fields, constructing houses, and herding flocks can all lead to encounters with the medieval city. This has triggered complex response to the site. While some people had deliberately neglected the remains and let them decay further, others had spiritual reactions. Hopefully, understanding these links could help to construct a new relation between residents and the archaeological site. In turn, this might reduce damage to archaeology and improve a sense of belongingness.
Local resident demonstrating a painted bowl discovered at Soba after a heavy rainfall. Photo: M. Kurcz
Good neighbours
Scotland has a reputation for its warm and friendly people and its passion for science, technology and innovation. Hopefully this collaborative project in Sudan has helped to confirm our position here at HES as a "good global citizen". It has certainly helped to build our international connections. In addition, these networks are increasingly important in the face of global threats, such as climate change. Above all, sharing our expertise is crucial to protecting and celebrating our shared global heritage.
Finally, you can follow the developments on the project website. Or search for #SobaExpedition on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
Łukasz Banaszek
Łukasz Banaszek works in Survey and Recording team. He processes, analyses and interprets remote sensing data to improve understanding of the Past. View all posts by Łukasz Banaszek
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Nissan is a company that doesn't do things by the book. It has let it be known that it's going to develop an upmarket version of the Leaf as an Infiniti. Now it tells Edmunds' Inside Line that Leaf technology will be used to produce an electric, Infiniti-branded sports car.
They can base such a car on the 370Z (right) or, just maybe, on the Essence Coupe concept (above). Let's hope they can use the Essence look and bring it in near the 370Z's price. That would indeed be rewriting the book.
Autoblog thinks Nissan might use the Leaf platform and move the motor to the rear, keeping much of the rest of the Leaf hardware. Creative thinking, boys! If the Leaf is as good as the buzz has it, well, why not give Tesla's Roadster a run for the money?—at a lower price, we would hope.
Honda and Volkswagen both have let it be known that they intend to be big players in the electric marketplace, even if Honda has lagged. The company's president, Takanobu Ito, couldn't help but be aware of the sagging reputation of Honda as he announced that a new electric vehicle and a plug-in hybrid would come online in 2012 in the U.S. and Japan.
Coming up with good cars quickly and at affordable prices is now crucial to scoring success in changing times, Ito said.
The Nikkei (via Reuters) reported that the company may build these vehicles in the U.S. as well as in Japan and possibly expand its hybrid line to "five or so" by 2013. Good luck, Mr. Ito, you will have plenty of competition.
VW has for years been a leader in producing clean diesels and efficient gas engines. Now they are forging ahead with: the Touareg hybrid; a Jetta hybrid for 2012; a Passat hybrid in 2013; and the E-Golf hybrid (blue-e-motion) and the E-Up!, also in 2013. One of the latter two will be VW's first full-electric vehicle in the U.S.
The E-Up! minicar (above right), incidentally, has been rechristened (thank God) the Lupo and will come alive in Europe next year with a choice of several engines. A five-door hatchback version will arrive in spring 2012.
VW is clearly on a roll, and we haven't even talked about the Audi and Porsche hybrids and electrics. Will they dominate in electrics by 2012?
This entry was posted in Car Industry News, Car Minded, Electric Vehicles, Foreign Cars, Green Updates, Hybrid Cars, United States. Bookmark the permalink.


Japan's Financial Services Authority (FSA) announced moments ago that it now plans to set up unspecified regulatory measures for crypto exchanges after the hack yesterday of Coincheck, which now counts as the largest and most expensive cyber theft in history as the loss exceeded the value of bitcoin that disappeared from MtGox in 2014.
The FSA met with Coincheck executives on Sunday to discuss the extent of the damage done to customers. Many of Japan's millennials are heavily invested in cryptocurrencies.
According to sources in the Japanese finance ministry, an order to suspend some operations of the company could be in the works. The FSA will discuss the regulatory measures with the government later this week before implementing them.
Japanese police meanwhile seek cooperation from overseas investigation agencies as it suspects the hacking was orchestrated from outside its borders. No further details have been given.
The announcement comes on the same day that Coincheck had informed its customers about its intention to pay back as much as 90% of what was stolen from their site.
In a press release on its website this morning, Coincheck stated that it would be refunding customers holding the cryptocurrency NEM in Japanese Yen at a rate of 88.549yen per NEM.
Coincheck, which calls itself "the leading bitcoin and cryptocurrency exchange in Asia," was labeled as 'sloppy' by Japanese media outlets over the weekend who also claimed the company had 'expanded business by putting safety second'.
At the time of writing, Bitcoin, the largest and best known of all cryptocurrencies, was trading near $11.5k having rebounded on the news of Coincheck refunding most of its losses.


At 247- 249 Morayfield Road, Morayfield you will find the Keystar Mitsubishi showroom with our latest range of new and used Mitsubishi vehicles on display.
Our Morayfield Service Centre is also conveniently located on the same site. The experienced team is able to help you maintain your vehicle.
We have been taking care of our local and surrounding areas such as Burpengary and Caboolture for many years. Our experienced and dedicated Mitsubishi Sales and Service teams are here to ensure that your experience with Keystar Mitsubishi is an enjoyable one.
Keystar Autoworld is wholly owned by Trivett Automotive Retail Pty Ltd (Trivett). Trivett is Australia's largest prestige automotive group and is the retail unit of Inchcape Australia. Trivett represents 21 automotive brands including a majority of the world's most esteemed marques. Trivett has 31 dealerships across Australia, employing over 1,100 people and selling over 31,000 vehicles annually.