Fiber-optic systems are a viable option for transporting AV content.
Fiber-optic audio snakes appeared with great fanfare in the late 1980s, carrying with them high hopes for quickly supplanting passive copper snakes across the full spectrum of applications. Alas, to the consternation of the companies involved, the anticipated revolution stalled out. Although fiber technology gradually managed to carve out a niche, starting with high-end mobile teleproduction, the sound-reinforcement and installation markets were slow to see the light.
After a slow start, fiber-optic audio snakes like Sundance Systems' Fibox have gained popularity.
What took so long? Compared to a passive copper snake, the advantages of a digital fiber-optic system seem clear and — one would think — compelling. After all, those unwieldy reels of fat copper cables can pick up EMI/RFI interference, degrade the quality of low-level signals over distance, and develop ground loops at the most inopportune moments.
The nifty fiber-optic audio snake remedies all these ills by replacing weighty multicore cable with a thin strand of fiber-optic cable. Depending on the mode employed, this featherweight strand can carry dozens of audio channels for many miles with absolute freedom from signal degradation, ground loops, or electrical interference. What's more, a thorough drenching doesn't faze it in the least.
To the fiber-snake entrepreneurs of the late 1980s, quick market success seemed like a no-brainer. One industry insider, in fact, recalls three similar systems appearing at the 1989 AES convention, with at least one more hitting the market less than two years afterward. Initial interest was high, but excitement waned as key customers adopted a standoffish attitude: "Looks good, but let somebody else try it and let me know how it goes." Consequently, within six years, all four budding systems had vanished from the marketplace.
Though these early systems were hailed for their advantages, they failed to flourish for reasons both obvious and subtle. The first and most obvious impediment was cost. On a channel-for-channel basis, the fiber-optic snake was roughly 10 times costlier than its copper counterpart, when considering a typical 300ft. application.
Another big hurdle was the shift of microphone pre-amplifier functions from FOH to the stage — unavoidable in an active digital system. This duplicated functions, rendering superfluous the pre-amplifiers in high-priced mixing consoles. It also inserted A/D and D/A conversion stages and required initial gain control adjustments to be made at the stage module. Not a popular move.
A third glitch was dynamic range. A passive snake may pick up noise, but handling peak signals is no problem. Early fiber-optic snakes (with 16- and 18-bit converters) could claim lower noise floors but needed more limiting help in handling peaks.
Finally, audio professionals were understandably concerned about the reliability of a technology that, though proven in military and commercial applications, was new to their realm of experience.
Fast-forward to 2005. Advancing technology has eliminated — in whole, or at least in large part — all downsides of the first-generation systems. For example, in live concert and performance systems, we have seen an increasing migration of remote-controlled pre-amps to the stage area, which makes a line-level fiber-optic snake more attractive in high-quality systems. Audio headroom and bandwidth are no longer worrisome, with most systems using 24-bit converters and many offering sampling rates up to 96kHz or even 192kHz. Component reliability has been proven in countless demanding applications, with remote broadcast a sterling example. Perhaps most importantly, costs have come down significantly as basic components, such as high-performance A/D and D/A converters, are now mass-manufactured.
Despite all the recent advances, pre-packaged, audio-only snake systems using fiber-optic transport as the exclusive mode remain relatively rare. In fact, only five are profiled in this showcase. That's mainly because, for distances of less than 328ft., fiber now must compete with the new breed of Ethernet-based products.
This represents a major shift. When the first digital snakes appeared in 1989, the bandwidth required for realtime, multichannel audio was not available from a 10Base-T network. However, an exponential increase in network capacity has provided ample bandwidth, and at least four proprietary, audio-specific protocols have effectively dealt with signal latency. As a consequence, many new systems for transporting digital audio signals now rely on Cat-5 connections for short-haul jobs and resort to fiber-optic technology only when cable runs exceed the (more-or-less) 328ft. maximum range Ethernet can cover without repeaters.
The following survey of current fiber optic snakes will follow a continuum, starting with pure-and-simple packaged fiber optic audio systems and progressing through borderline engineered component systems. Although the latter group normally includes video and data signal as well, a few systems that can be configured for audio-only installed sound applications are profiled here. Not included are systems intended exclusively for broadcast applications. Finally, the fast-growing crop of Ethernet-based digital audio systems are given a brief overview because all can be piggybacked on fiber using media converters either supplied as factory options or purchased separately from third-party vendors.
The Fibox modules from Sundance Systems (Irving, Texas) can be configured to provide basic transmission systems with as few as two audio channels or as many as 12. Each master module includes two pre-amps for microphone or line-level inputs, phantom powering, input sensitivity control, and A/D converters (20-bit at 48kHz sampling). Outputs are on multimode fiber with conventional ST connectors. The lower-cost slave module has all the same input features, but signals are routed to the master via a multi-pin cable for multiplexing on the fiber link. Up to five slave units may be connected to each master.
The output-side master unit demuxes the signals, converts the two channels back to analog, and allows up to five more signal pairs via connected FBAO-S slave modules. Each module fits in 1/3RU, allowing a complete 12-channel transmit or receive system to fit in 2RU. The various modules range in price from $797 to $980.
For users who prefer to place digital audio on a fiber link, Sundance also offers the Fibox IMS transmission system. This expanded platform provides for 8 AES/EBU digital channels (16 audio channels) through a 1RU device at each end, with the price of the set given as $3,350. For analog input and output, users may connect up to six Fibox analog slave modules to the IMS for a mixture of analog and digital audio. An optional plug-in module slot accommodates the digital video transmission system. The standard multimode Fibox systems allow fiber-optic runs of up to 1.3 miles without repeaters. An optional single-mode master system ($3,191) allows runs of up to 30 miles.
Although familiar to military and commercial users, Fiberplex (Annapolis Junction, Md.) is relatively new to the world of pro audio systems. The company is marketing its LightViper 1832 system as essentially a one-to-one replacement for the traditional multicore copper audio snake. The 1832 comprises a self-contained 32×8 system, with a stage box and an FOH rack unit linked by fiber. Each stage input has a Neutrik XLR combo mic/line connector, microphone pre-amp, phantom powering, and 24-bit/96kHz A/D converters. The eight return outputs are on XLR-M connectors. The stage unit also includes the fiber multiplexer/demultiplexers, BNC connectors for digital I/O word clock (master or slave), and an option for two additional fiber outputs for lossless digital splitting. The FOH module, housed in a 1RU cabinet, has five DB-25 connectors for the analog signals, plus three additional DB-25 connectors with AES/EBU inputs/outputs for connection to peripheral equipment for recording or broadcasting.
Including a 300ft. reel of multimode fiber and all breakout cables, the LightViper 1832 is priced at $8,646. The first optional fiber splitter is about $3,800; the second is around $3,400.
To accommodate a digital console scenario with mic pre-amps at the stage, LightViper offers the newer 4832 system. This system connects the console to multiple channels of existing mic pre-amps with digital outputs, providing transport for both the audio signals, and optionally, Ethernet and RS-422 control signals for remote control of pre-amps. A typical setup used in conjunction with Yamaha ADHR mic pre-amps, interfacing directly to a Yamaha PM5D or DM2000 console, is priced around $8,000, again with 300ft. of dual-core fiber included. A similar setup for the Ethernet-controlled systems (such as Aphex) requires four-core fiber and Ethernet modules, raising the cost to about $10,000. Other options accommodate a wide range of all-digital and hybrid configurations for both installed and touring sound systems.
Otari (Tokyo, Japan) targets the higher end of the audio-only market with its Lightwinder LW-55 systems. A fully loaded LW-55 system provides 64-channel, bi-directional capacity. Channels can be configured in groups of eight for microphone-level input, line-level input, or AES/EBU digital input and output. A/D conversion is 24-bit with sampling rates selectable from 44.1kHz to 96kHz. Dual transmission lines connect the units, each of which has a redundant power supply for fault-tolerant operation. Other features include an RS-422 interface for communication and machine control; provision for external word clocks at all sampling frequencies; and Windows-based software for status monitoring and control of signal routing, mic pre-amp gain, limiter functions, phantom power, and sampling rate conversion.
The base main station prices at $9,995, but once over that hump, the per-channel costs descend with larger configurations. Costs for the 8-channel modules are $1,635 for mic pre-amplifiers, $835 for A/D converters, $1,120 for D/A converters, and $975 for AES/EBU digital capability.
To oblige the many thousands of PM1D users, Yamaha now offers the Artist 1D, a fiber snake designed specifically as a complement to the popular digital console. The Artist 1D, developed and manufactured by Reidel of Germany, is made up of a pair of rackmount units for connecting FOH and stage over distances of up to 1,640ft. with multimode fiber. The link handles up to 80 channels of bidirectional audio and also accommodates network connections for firmware updates, an SCSI bus for FOH inserts, and word clock I/O for master or slave mode. A host of redundancy and PM1D DSP-specific functions are included to seamlessly mate the transport protocols to the console. Each Artist 1D module costs $9,500, and Yamaha offers a complete tour package with dual modules, dual military-grade cables, adapter boxes, and all patch cables for $27,500.
Optocore (Munich, Germany) makes a full line of fiber optic systems suitable for touring or installed sound applications. The LX4A (6U) functions as a 48×16 stage box with XLR connectors, but with the welcome addition of an input split on multipin connectors for recording. The companion LX4B (3U) has 48 outputs and 16 inputs on multipin connectors. Optocore's DD32 (1RU) digital I/O unit is used with the X-6 series 16-channel analog converter units for building modular systems. All systems also offer USB, RS-232, RS-485, and video connectivity.
The next two manufacturers move beyond pre-packaged digital audio snakes into highly modular, integrated audio-video-data signal transport systems, with the bulk of sales going into the high-end teleproduction market. The more complex offerings from each require some degree of engineering sophistication to properly configure and use in field applications.
Communications Specialties (Hauppauge, N.Y.) offers a range of units in its Fiberlink series. The 32-channel (4320) and 16-channel (4160) audio systems, housed in 1RU rackmount cabinets, are unidirectional with 24-bit, 96 kHz resolution. The 4040 system provides four channels and is available either in a 6.6in.-wide 1RU cabinet or as a card for one slot of a 6000A card cage. The Fiber Flex system offers either four audio channels in one direction, or two bidirectional channels. Balanced or unbalanced audio connections are on installation-friendly Phoenix connectors.
Telecast Fiber Systems (Worcester, Mass.) staked out an early foothold in supplying combined audio/video fiber-optic snakes, sensing correctly that fiber technology might sell better to networks covering golf tournaments than it did to PA companies doing rock concerts. Consequently, Telecast's Adder line has been a remote teleproduction staple for more than a decade, and the company aims to continue that tradition while broadening its market with its new Adder II line. The Adder II systems are built around the company's proprietary Natrix bus architecture, with the core DSP engine allowing flexible reconfiguration of channels as needed from multiple in/out locations. Available input modules accommodate analog mic/line (24-bit A/D); AES/EBU digital; intercom (RTS, Clear-Com, 4W); serial data; GPI paths; and Ethernet. Up to 256 AES digital channels (512 audio channels) are accommodated on one fiber, with latency specified at less than 500 microseconds. For flexibility and redundancy, the main TX, RX, and AES patchbay modules offer multiple fiber and coaxial inputs and outputs. Although designed primarily for high-end teleproduction, the Adder II could find a good fit as part of installed systems in large performing arts or worship facilities that frequently double as TV production venues.
Finally, moving deeper into the realm of engineered components systems, Multidyne (Locust Valley, N.Y.) markets a full range of converters, transceivers, multiplexers, and other associated components for combined audio/video/data systems. Multidyne systems usually are custom-assembled from separate components, either as standalone modules or as cards for rackmount card trays, with many functions available. Most products are engineered as combined audio-video systems (audio and video cards can be mixed in the same tray, for example), although Multidyne does offer products exclusively for audio. Entry-level here is the 2-channel FTX/FRX system, offering 20-bit conversion, compatibility with AES/EBU and three other digital audio formats, and two data channels that can be reassigned as auxiliary audio channels. The DAM series offers modules for six channels of 24-bit audio plus three data channels in rackmountable (DAM-2000) or field-module (DAM-2200) configurations. The DAM-4000 boosts digital audio channel count to 40, with optional XLR interface panels for analog mic/line inputs.
List prices for the Telecast and Multidyne systems reflect the rigorous quality and flexibility demands of the companies' core broadcast market. Modules are too numerous to specify here, and system prices vary widely depending on configurations. However, systems of six or more channels consistent with requirements at this level would start around $15,000 and go up from there.
The concluding five systems are not fiber-optic snakes in the strictest sense of the term, as all are designed primarily to function over Ethernet using standard Cat-5 cabling. However, they are included here briefly because each can be used to piggyback signals on fiber simply by adding media converters, either as a manufacturer option or purchased separately from third-party vendors.
As a rule, the copper-based Ethernet systems are limited to distances of 328ft. without repeaters, whereas most fiber-optic systems can carry signals for distances of a mile or more on relatively inexpensive multimode fiber. (Single-mode fiber can go for many miles but is much pricier.) Also, generally speaking, the "pure" fiber systems have lower latency, although new proprietary audio networking protocols have reduced latency to the 1ms range or below, making pure fiber systems effectively realtime in most live sound applications. Note that the proprietary audio networking protocols — at least five are on the market now — are not compatible with each other. Therefore, advance planning is crucial if system add-ons are contemplated for the future.
Peak Audio's CobraNet was first out of the gate in the audio protocol race, claiming more than 40 licensees so far.
Whirlwind (Rochester, N.Y.) has jumped on board as well, with its family of E Snake systems. A number of options are offered for analog or digital inputs or outputs, with the original E Snake configured for 32×32 and the follow-up ES2 system providing 16 channels as either unidirectional or 8×8. The latest addition, the DCS88 transceiver, uses a low-power core allowing the unit to self-power through the Cat-5 cable — a significant benefit in many installed applications. All modules use 24-bit/48kHz converters, with up to 128 channels (64 bidirectional) on one system. Emerging Gigabit architecture will increase channel capacity tenfold. E Snake systems allow flexible switching and routing using Whirlwind's own E Desk software.
NetworkSound (San Jose, Calif.) has entered the fray with another Ethernet-based system using the Media-accelerated Global Information Carrier (MaGIC) protocol from Gibson Labs. NetworkSound systems allow up to 32×32 configurations with support for 48kHz, 96kHz, and 192kHz sampling rates. The systems provide support for multiple audio formats, offer point-to-point or daisy-chain configuration options, and require no external control software. Modular architecture is upgradable in 8-channel blocks.
Aviom (West Chester, Pa.) is best known for its integrated mixing and monitoring systems based on networked audio, but the company also offers "open-ended" PRO snake systems that can connect with any analog devices at either end. The Aviom AN-16i (input) and AN-16o (output) modules allow system configuration in 16-channel blocks, with modules connected through the AN-16SB system bridge for up to 64 channels per Cat-5 cable. Audio networking is via Aviom's proprietary A-Net protocol, which the company claims can function reliably at distances of up to 500ft., somewhat more than most other networked systems but far short of fiber-optic capability.
Devised and licensed by Digigram (Montbonnet, France), the EtherSound networked audio platform is gaining momentum, expanding from its European base into North America and Asia. NetCIRA from Fostex of Japan is a new EtherSound licensee for networked audio systems, offering a variety of compact modules for — as the name implies — networked commercial, industrial, and residential applications. The MS-8 module can be fitted as a master (transmitter) or slave (receiver), depending on application, with 8-channel cards available for AES/EBU digital audio or balanced/unbalanced analog. Other module options allow configurable GPIO (general-purpose input-output) and remote control of selected functions (mute, phantom power, gain) using the NetCIRA SET control software program. Aimed squarely at the contracting market, NetCIRA's compact ES-Series comprises active and passive receiver modules for balanced and unbalanced line outputs, and even a module with a built-in 40W (mono)/20W (per-channel stereo) power amplifier for one-step connection of smaller loudspeakers to the network.
Finally, bringing us full circle is Klotz Digital AG (Munich, Germany), one of the four companies that introduced digital audio snakes back in 1969. The company's pioneering Oaklink system is long gone, but Klotz remains active in digital audio networking with its broadcast-targeted Vadis digital audio and control network. The latest addition to the company's integrated line, which includes consoles and the Varizone (also marketed by Atlas Sound) music/paging systems, is the Octo-Bus realtime audio network. Configured using 4-channel analog input and output boxes, with software-controlled remote gain at both ends, the system allows up to 16 units to be connected for 64-channel capability over Cat-5 cabling. The Vadis software allows independent remote assignment of any input to any output or any combination of channels.
With all the competition in networked systems, pricing on the lower end is quite reasonable, with module pairs for 8-channel systems selling for about $1,200 and roughly equivalent 16-channel systems going for less than $2,000. However, for systems with premium microphone pre-amplifiers and software-based control of switching/routing and remote pre-amplifier functions, pricing ascends to the $10,000-plus level for 32×32 systems.
Regardless of system size or expense, however, the leap to fiber is easy. For applications that need to go the distance, a few hundred dollars for a media converter turn the Cat-5 network system into a close cousin of the pure fiber-optic snake.
Expect to see more products of this type in the near future. Roland's new Systems Solutions division, for example, has announced the introduction of new snake systems in 24×4 and 32×8 configurations. Set to ship in late 2005, the systems use the Roland Ethernet Audio Communication (REAC) protocol and offer a dedicated hardware remote controller — no computer required — for pre-amplifier gain and other functions.
Another maker of traditional audio snakes, Pro Co, will jump into the market with its three-module Cat-alyst system. Cat-alyst's core network module allows the user to choose Pro Co's own protocol or substitute a CobraNet card as needed for integration into larger, fully networked systems. Total audio capacity is 64 channels, and any input may be routed internally to any output. The separate input and output modules each accommodate eight analog channels, with the input modules offering VCA input-level control, pad, and phantom powering. Software control is via networked PC or wireless PDA. Module enclosure options include snake sub box, rack units, floor pockets, or wallmount.
Bruce Borgersonis principal of Wavelength Communications in Ashland, Ore.


text:
Hastings man gets prison for March brick attack
By KSNB Local4 |
Posted: Thu 2:26 PM, Jan 03, 2019
HASTINGS, Neb. (KSNB) A Hastings man arrested for hitting another man in the head with a brick will spend the next three-to-five years in prison for felony assault.
Nick Henry, 58, was sentenced Thursday in Adams County District Court.
He was arrested after a fight back in March at a home in south Hastings.
Police say Henry and Thomas Morran, 26, were arguing about Henry's 11-year-old granddaughter. Morran is the girl's stepfather.
Police say during the argument Morran took the girl into the home's garage and shortly thereafter Henry came into the garage armed with a brick and began repeatedly striking Morran in the head.
By the time police arrived Henry had locked himself in an upstairs room and was armed with a Bowie knife. Witnesses told police that Henry had threatened to harm police if they attempted to arrest him.
Police said there was a short stand-off, but Henry eventually went outside the house. Police shot a taser at Henry, but since he was wearing a heavy coat, the taser did not completely subdue Henry. Police were, however, able to subdue Henry and took him to jail.
Morran was treated and released at Mary Lanning hospital for head injuries.
Henry pleaded no contest to felony second degree assault. Prosecutors dropped two other related charges. In addition to the prison term, Henry is also ordered to pay Morran $3,000 restitution.
Henry had previous felony convictions for child abuse.
Read the original version of this article at www.ksnblocal4.com.
Nebraska astronaut shares his inspiration behind pursuing a career in space
Arrest made after jogger assaulted
Counties assess damage in aftermath of South Central Nebraska flooding
Grand Island police looking for persons of interest in recent car arsons
UPDATE: Court hearing delayed for former Grand Island Northwest music teacher

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Spinal Cord Disorders: Can anyone help me understand my MRI results?
I am new to this board. I am a 32yr old sahm to five children. I have been having pain, numbness, pins & needles, and muscle spasms in my left shoulder, down to the finger tips on my left hand since mid Dec 2011. I haven't been able to take care of my children without help. I had a MRI of my cervical spine on 2-29-2012.
Curvature: There is reversal of the normal lordosis.c.
C2-C3: Posterior facet/uncinate hypertrophy associated with hardened disc results in oderate narrowing of the left C2-C3 neuroforaminal canal.
C5-C6: Central broad-based disc protrusion with a greater left-sided component effaces the anterior aspect of the thecal sac and left lateral recess and is associated with flattening of the cervical cord and mild narrowing of the right C5-C6 neural foraminal canal.
C6-C7: Central broad-based disc protrusion results in effacement of the anterior aspect of the thecal sac and flattening of the cervical cord. Neural foraminal canals are patent.
1. Moderate spinal stenosis secondary to disc disease. At the C5-C6 level there is mild narrowing of the right neural foraminal canal.
2. Left C2-C3 neuroforaminal canal narrowing secondary to posterior facet/uncinate hypertrophy associated with hardened disc.
If anyone could help explain all of this dr talk, that would be great.
Re: Can anyone help me understand my MRI results?
1. The usual adjective progression employed is minimal/mild/moderate/severe, with severe being the one the surgeons pay attention to.
2. Lordosis means backward bend (while rising), which is normal for the cervical spine. Radiologists talk of "straightening" and "reversal" of the normal lordosis. "Reversal" sounds worse to me, but you'd probably have to ask the radiologist to be sure. Do you have trouble holding your head upright?
3. Hypertrophy of bony structures like the uncinates and facets means excess bone being laid on, or, colloquially, "bone spurs". He seems to think these are caused by, or influenced by, the disk between your C2 and C3 vertebrae hardening and probably thinning. This, also, could be either cause of, or result of, loss of lordosis. The C2-C3 neuroforaminal canal (or just "foramina") is where your C3 nerve leaves the spinal cord and heads off to your left shoulder and arm. If the C3 nerve is being squeezed at its root ("radiculopathy"), this could affect the left shoulder, but I think it would have less effect on the arm and hand. It's the C6, C7 and C8 nerves that mostly affect the hand.
4. At C5-6, you have a disk bulging (more on left than right), which is pushing into the spinal canal. The thecal sac is the membrane running down the canal which contains the spinal fluid and within that the spinal cord. "Effacing" means that the disk bulge has pushed away the fluid and is directly impinging on the spinal cord. "Flattening" of the cord isn't so bad (at least not when you've seen MRI's like mine) but, who knows, this may actually be the cause of your problems. Do you have ANY symptoms in your left leg? If so, it could indicate that there's too much pressure on the cord.
This is the first time I've seen a radiologist refer to a problem with the "left lateral recess". I'm not sure why he doesn't just call it the "left foramen" or "left neuroforaminal canal", as he does elsewhere. Seems like a distinction w/o a difference. He doesn't say how BAD the situation there is, but this is another problem that could explain your left arm symptoms.
5. At C6-7 you also have some effect on your cord. Your foramina, however, are "patent" (open) which is a good thing.
OK, since everything I say is coming from a slightly-self-educated amateur, and should only be used as an aid in following up with competent medical professionals (how do you like my Legalese?), let's just say that you need to have a good chat with a spine surgeon (better, two or three spine surgeons), particularly about the cord flattening and that left lateral recess, how they may relate to your symptoms, and what might be done about it. Most likely, the docs will prescribe everything short of surgery, for now, but the surgery of choice for your situation would likely be an ACDF, where the C5-6 disk (and maybe C6-7) would be removed and the vertebrae then held together with a titanium clamp.
Last edited by WebDozer; 04-02-2012 at 02:32 PM.
Thank you for using a form of english that I actually understand! I have seen one spine doctor. He is a nonsurgical doctor. The first appt with him, he pretty much told me I needed surgery. I had been sent to him to get steroid injections. My primary dr sent me to him, telling me that I just had a pinched nerve and that the spine dr would do the injections for me. I explained this to the spine dr and he said that although he thought surgery was inevitable, he'd do an injection to see if it could buy me some time. The injection helped the pain go away, but now at 18 days after the injection the pain is coming back. I am waiting on an appt with a surgeon for a consult about whether or not surgery would help. The spine doctor has made me scared to move very much because of the spinal stenosis. His words to me at the last appt. was to lay low for now. I have five kids ranging in ages from 8 yrs down to 10 mths old, I can't just lay low! So I am really at a loss as what to do.
If I just read your MRI report, without also reading your symptoms, I would say it's entirely possible that you are asymptomatic. However, since you are NOT asymptomatic, that puts the MRI report in a whole new light. Did the radiologist downplay the severity of the structural problems? Or maybe what LOOKS relatively innocuous on the MRI is NOT, in fact, innocuous at all.
For what it's worth, I have had two surgeons tell me they don't even bother to read the radiologists' reports, they just go straight to the images themselves.
Anyway, I'm glad you are getting so many different looks at this. I'd suggest a visit to a second surgeon, after you see the first. The problem is that doctors, unfortunately, have their own prejudices and also their own shortcomings, and you need to get the odds in your favor by getting multiple opinions, and even asking them - if they disagree with one another - to refute what the other has said. That's what I did with my latest surgery (saw three docs with three opinions) and I think it came out for the best.
Last edited by WebDozer; 04-02-2012 at 04:49 PM.
My husband and I have already discussed making sure I get a 2nd opinion. He is pretty scared for me and doesn't want me to have a surgery unless there is just no other way. Plus where we are living right now, we really don't have any one that can help me after the surgery. He will not be able to take any time off from work.
I have noticed that over the past week, I have been having headaches. I am used to having headaches, I used to have migraines for weeks at a time while I was in highschool. They went away in my early twenties and I only have them when I am really stressed out now-a-days. So I don't know the exact cause of these that I am having now.


Texas real estate firm Presidium Group owns a significant number of properties along the rapidly-developing East Riverside corridor, to put it lightly.
The company's portfolio includes the roughly six-acre shopping center at 2015 East Riverside Drive, the Element Apartments at 1500 Royal Crest Drive, the Solaris Apartments at 1601 Royal Crest Drive, and the recently-completed Edison Apartments at 4711 East Riverside Drive — and that's just the beginning. The crown jewel of the firm's holdings in this area is the 97-acre assembly comprised of five tracts clustered around Wickersham Lane near East Riverside Drive, only one block east of Pleasant Valley Road.
This collection of properties, currently occupied by several locations of the Ballpark Apartments, is the future site of a large mixed-use development formerly known as Project Catalyst, anticipated to bring thousands of new apartments and nearly four million square feet of office space to the site over the next two decades or so. Though an industry source tells us Presidium has recently reached an agreement with a prominent multifamily developer in order to begin the first phase of apartments at this site, no new information has emerged regarding the project for the moment.
Though the building seen here — which appears to rise seven stories on its tallest end — is likely intended simply for marketing purposes at this stage, the development possibilities of the site are clearly on display in the design of this structure. In addition to its office component, the building includes multiple rooftop terraces, more than 34,000 square feet of retail space, and 1,750 spaces of structured parking.
We've currently got no timeline for the development of this site, but it's obvious that the opening — and rapid expansion — of Oracle's massive corporate campus nearby has motivated additional office development in the area.
Just cater-corner to Presidium's 1600 Pleasant Valley site is Riverside Place, a 10.24-acre shopping center anchored by the Joy East Chinese buffet along with 28 other retail outlets. Commercial real estate firm HFF recently placed this property on the market, describing it as "a highly desirable future mixed-use development site" due to its location within the East Riverside Corridor Zoning District (Presidium doesn't appear to be involved with this property for the moment, but it's still worth noting).
Though the property won't be eligible for development for several years, owning to the remaining lease terms of its tenants, there's a good chance the district's rapid growth — possibly the fastest in the city at the moment — will eventually transform this site as well.
Last but not least, a project sniffed out by ATX Real Estate News can now move forward, after its rezoning request was approved yesterday by the Austin Planning Commission. Diana Zuniga, founder of development outfit Investors Alliance, successfully sought zoning amendments for multiple addresses on two nearby parcels at Town Lake Circle and Elmont Drive, all of which are occupied by the MESH apartment community.
These apartments, located directly behind the Riverside Place shopping center we mentioned above, are also not far from either the Oracle campus or Presidium's 1600 Pleasant Valley site. Per the report, the plan is to build a mixed-use building on each site, with the potential for 900 total apartment units between them, along with retail and possibly office space depending on design.
The approved zoning amendment for these properties designates them as part of the Corridor Mixed-Use (CMU) subdistrict of the East Riverside Corridor Regulating Plan, allowing them to participate in the plan's density bonus and community benefits program. That means these sites will be permitted to build mixed-use structures up to 120 feet in height, or roughly 10 stories — taller than we've seen before in this area, and likely a sign of bigger things to come.
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Users request you to restore the test database from Prod. We had full backup and 12 incremental backup after full backup. We transferred the backup files from prod to Test. We successfully restored a full backup but while restoring the incremental backup. we got error like :- below its prompt us to yes or no . we did yes.
Incremental restore out of sequence on dbname .
Question:- Is our Db will corrupt or will not store properly? But we already restored full backup.
The error is exactly what it says. You are applying an incremental backup that is older than the full backup you applied.
If for some reason you want to solicit someone's help directly, it's polite to spell their name correctly.
I heard he responds fastest when you say "Big Tommy B" three times.
Rab Fitzpotrick makes a very good point.
However, "Team Bascom" came up with about 1,280,000 results. Big Tommy B is so popular and so awesome.
Progress KB - Incremental backups: Do they include full backups?


text:
Imprint: Corgi
The War in the West: A New History
Volume 2: The Allies Fight Back 1941-43
The second instalment in a revealing and forceful new multi-volume history of the Second World War from one of the UK's most exciting and expert young historians
'Ranks as a towering work of historical research and writing' – Nigel Jones, BBC History Magazine
In the second volume of his acclaimed new history of the Second World War, James Holland examines the momentous turning points of 1941–1943: Hitler's invasion of Russia; America's entry into the conflict; the devastating Thousand Bomber Raids over Germany; the long struggle in the deserts of North Africa; and the defeat of the U-boats in the crucial Battle of the Atlantic.
As in his first volume, Germany Ascendant, he interweaves his account of the well-known events of the period with the personal stories of individuals caught up in them - on all sides. Through interviews, letters, diaries and reports, he allows us to see the war not just from the perspective of politicians, military commanders and strategists, but also through the eyes of civilians bombed out of their homes, resistance members stranded in the frozen Norwegian winter, sailors risking their lives in the Atlantic convoys, German aces striving for supremacy in the air, and ordinary soldiers battling for survival in the scorching sands of Libya.
He also looks behind the scenes at the all-important 'machinery' of war: the manufacturing, farming and vital supply lines that underpinned the entire conflict and ultimately determined its course. From the battle fronts on land, sea and air, to the streets, fields and factories of Britain, America and Germany, he paints a dramatic and compelling portrait of these pivotal years when the tide began to turn.
Combining his own research with only recently accessible archive material, Holland looks afresh at this cataclysmic conflict, reassessing long-held views and challenging conventional assumptions. The result is ground-breaking history that redefines the war in the West and makes us think again about the events that shaped our modern world.
Pub date: 13 November 2017
James Holland is a historian, writer and broadcaster. The author of a number of best-selling histories including Battle of Britain and Dam Busters, and, most recently, Burma '44, he has also written nine works of historical fiction, including the Jack Tanner novels. He is currently writing an acclaimed three-volume new history of the Second World War in the West. He has presented – and written – a large number of television programmes and series for the BBC, Channel 4, National Geographic, History and Discovery. He is also co-founder of the Chalke Valley History Festival and co-founder of WarGen.org an online Second World War resource site, and presents the Chalke Valley History Hit podcast. A fellow of the Royal Historical Society, he can be found on Twitter and Instagram as @James1940.
Also by James Holland
Praise for The War in the West: A New History
"James Holland has established himself as one of the premier World War II Historians"
History of War
"Holland shoots down the myth of German invincibility . . . All the great turning points of 1941-43 are here. A triumph"
"Makes us eager for the third and final part of what now ranks as a towering work of historical research and writing"
Nigel Jones, BBC History Magazine
"Holland brings a fresh eye to the ebb and flow of the conflict . . . [A] majestic saga"
"This second volume easily reaches the benchmark set by it's predecessor . . . the style is crisp, engaging, absorbing, it really does have the feel of a fresh and revisionist perspective on the momentous events that occurred between 1941 and 1943"
Edith Eger
Elie Wiesel, Marion Wiesel
Eddy de Wind
A House in the Mountains
Caroline Moorehead
Renia's Diary
The Spy and the Traitor
The Diary Of A Young Girl
Anne Frank, Anne Frank And Elie Wiesel
White Bird
A Political History of the World
Vasily Grossman
Six Minutes in May
Nicholas Shakespeare
Burma '44
The German War
Nicholas Stargardt
The Nazis
Laurence Rees
Dadland
Keggie Carew
The House by the Lake


I digested about 1/3 of a book on shell scripting and have been trying to add weather information to an openbox window manager.
When I try the same script/menu entry in OpenBSD the xterm does not wait for "read" input and closes immediately.
Ideally, I would like the scripts to be portable. Can someone give me a brief explanation and suggestions about how to script this for OpenBSD? Ultimately, I would like to pass the output into a dialog program like zenity or yad.
I always use printf(1) to print/echo the prompt.
Your question isn't at all about xterm--it's about the /bin/sh program on the different BSDs.
xterm is a terminal emulator. That means it emulates hardware, in this case most often a vt220 with color. It doesn't care about the software running inside it (including but not limited to the shell). It is the shell that is executing your script and the differences between /bin/sh on OpenBSD vs. the other BSDs is what matters here.
On FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD, and NetBSD, /bin/sh is ash--the Almquist shell. A modified version of this shell is used for Debian's /bin/sh (dash, the Debian Almquist shell). However, on OpenBSD, /bin/sh is effectively a hardlink to /bin/ksh; in other words, /bin/sh on OpenBSD is ksh (Korn shell).
Now here's where things go awry: read is a shell built-in. That means it is something handled by the shell and is not guaranteed to work the same way between shells. And indeed, that matters here, because the ksh read built-in is quite different from the one in ash.
Additionally, your use of echo suffers from the same fate; calling it unqualified like that will use the shell built-in instead of /bin/echo. And again, the echo built-in is different between ksh and ash. And even /bin/echo is not guaranteed to be the same between *BSD and SYSV (there are historical differences). So if you care about portability, it is best to never use options with built-ins unless you can guarantee such an option will always be handled the same way on all shells (POSIX mandates a theoretical POSIX /bin/sh) and to use fully qualified external commands, such as /usr/bin/printf.
At any rate, "What is the exact difference between a 'terminal', a 'shell', a 'tty' and a 'console'?" might be worth reading as well.
The problem I ran into with the book I purchased is that different syntax specifications for the various shells were scattered all through the book.
Although I have a rough idea about operators, declaring variables and flow, I am not at all facile with OpenBSD's modified Korn shell.


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We Regret To Inform You That A British Surgeon Was Branding His Initials On Livers
Simon Bramhall has pleaded guilty to assault in a case that a prosecutor called "without legal precedent." He was burning his initials into human livers during transplant operations.
by Camila Domonoske Dec 13, 2017 2 minutes
Carving your initials in a tree in Washington, D.C.? Not illegal. Carving your initials in a sedated patient's transplanted liver? Criminal assault, according to U.K. courts. Source: Jim Watson
The liver is a fascinating thing.
If you want to read a thought-provoking story about the liver, you might like to learn about the challenges of building a fairer system for allocating access to liver transplants.
Or the history of efforts to grow "liverettes" in petri dishes.
Interested in an international, culinary angle? What about Turkey's annual ?
In A Turf Battle For Organs, A Policy Review Rattles The National Transplant System
Tethered to a breathing machine at a Manhattan hospital, 21-year-old Miriam Holman would die without a lung transplant. But her odds of finding a suitable organ were especially low in New York, where waiting times are among the longest in the country
Liver Transplants Are Better All Around When You Hold The Ice
To preserve more livers for transplant patients who desperately need them, surgeons should take newly harvested organs out of their ice baths and immerse them instead in a warm, nutrient-rich soup, new research suggests. In a head-to-head comparison
Woman Who Handles Scheduling, Scheduled Herself To Donate Kidney To Co-worker
CHESTERTON, Ind. - Jason Reyes will never forget the last time he ate shrimp, he said. It was a few weeks ago, following a Dec. 27 kidney transplant, when he ordered some shrimp with cocktail sauce and experienced some significant stomach pain, he sa
More from NPR
NPR6 min readSociety
Do You Need That Surgery? How To Decide, And How To Pick A Surgeon If You Do
When you have a serious health problem that calls for surgery, the last thing you need is the stress of navigating the health care system to find a skilled surgeon. We have tips to make it easier.
NPR5 min readPolitics
President Trump has used white grievance to fuel his candidacy since he first came onto the political scene. So what he's doing now with four congresswomen of color is hardly a surprise.
Tensions have beset the U.S.-Pakistan relationship for years. The planned July 22 meeting between President Trump and Imran Khan comes as the U.S. tries to finalize Afghanistan peace negotiations.


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Story From The Core Institute: Minimally invasive TENEX procedure helps patients avoid major surgery
Tendonitis, tennis elbow or a painful achilles tendinopathy were conditions that didn't have a lot of relief in the past,
Minimally invasive TENEX procedure helps patients avoid major surgery Tendonitis, tennis elbow or a painful achilles tendinopathy were conditions that didn't have a lot of relief in the past, Check out this story on azcentral.com: https://www.azcentral.com/story/sponsor-story/the-core-institute/2019/01/04/minimally-invasive-procedure-helps-patients-avoid-major-surgery/2485674002/
Story from
Minimally invasive TENEX procedure helps patients avoid major surgery
Julie Maurer for The CORE Institute Published 2:59 p.m. MT Jan. 4, 2019
With the TENEX procedure performed at The CORE Institute, tendon problems can be addressed in less than an hour with minimal recovery on the patient's part(Photo: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
Tendonitis, tennis elbow or a painful achilles tendinopathy were conditions that didn't have a lot of relief in the past, unless they became severe enough to require major surgery. But now, with the TENEX procedure performed at The CORE Institute—these tendon problems can be addressed in less than an hour with minimal recovery on the patient's part.
According to Nina Patel-Hinkle, DO, Primary Care Sports Medicine Physician at The CORE Institute, the TENEX procedure takes about 20 minutes from start to finish, depending on where the damaged tissue is located.
"There are no stitches at all, and the incision is very small," Dr. Patel-Hinkle said. "It's a minimally invasive procedure—in which we specifically identify the damaged tissue, cut and remove it."
She said the first step of the procedure is to use an ultrasound machine to identify where the tendon is damaged.
"Then we use a local anesthetic to numb the area, and the patient does not go under general anesthesia at all," Dr. Patel- Hinkle said.
Next, they make a small incision into the skin and insert the TENEX device.
"It's the size of a pen or pencil, with a probe that moves in a back and forth motion. The probe delivers ultrasonic waves to remove the damaged tissue," Dr. Patel-Hinkle said. "The total time for treatment is very minimal anywhere from a minute to three or four minutes."
Once the damaged tissue is removed, the physician removes the probe, and the incision is closed with steri-strips and a bandage.
LESS PAIN
"I've been really surprised with how little pain the patients have during the procedures. Most patients also make significant improvements in their symptoms within a week," said Michael Slesinski, DO, an iterventtional spine and sports medicine physician in our Michigan market.
With the invasive surgeries that were performed prior to the TENEX procedure's introduction, patients had to go under anesthesia and have larger incisions, which meant longer recovery times.
"The most important benefit I've seen has been the ability to get the patient back to their desired activities quickly. Being a minimally invasive procedure, the recovery time is much faster," Dr. Slesinski said.
According to Dr. Patel-Hinkle, the recovery time from the TENEX procedure is about six to eight weeks, but patients can be more active than with open surgeries.
"You're not laid up, you're still able to do some activities, but with certain restrictions," she said.
The surgery is performed on shoulders, elbows, knees, achilles tendon, and other locations. Prior to the use of TENEX, physicians recommended many non-surgical options to treat painful tissue damage.
"Before Tenex it was basically conservative treatment which included physical therapy, avoiding activities that bother the condition, a brace or a strap, and cortisone injection," Dr. Patel-Hinkle said.
"Open surgery was an option for severe cases."
But now patients have an option that removes the problem with minimal fuss.
"Once they hear about this procedure, a lot of people are definitely interested—they can get quick return back to a normal, pain-free life," noted Dr. Patel-Hinkle.
Members of the editorial and news staff of the USA Today Network were not involved in the creation of this content.
Read or Share this story: https://www.azcentral.com/story/sponsor-story/the-core-institute/2019/01/04/minimally-invasive-procedure-helps-patients-avoid-major-surgery/2485674002/
Valley man overcomes an ankle injury and reclaims his life
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In higher education, professional online identities have become increasingly important. A rightly worded tweet can cause an academic blog post to go viral. A wrongly worded tweet can get a professor fired. Regular news items in The Chronicle of Higher Education and Inside Higher Ed provide evidence that reputations are both built and crushed via online platforms. Ironically, given the importance of digital identities to job searches, the promotion and distribution of scholarly work, pedagogical innovation, and many other components of an academic life, higher education professionals receive little to no training about how to best represent themselves in a digital space.
- successfully promote their professional accomplishments.
Managing Your Professional Identity Online is practical and action-oriented. In addition to offering a range of case studies demonstrating concrete examples of effective practices, the book is built around activities, templates, worksheets, rubrics, and bonus materials that walk readers through a step-by-step guide of how to design, build, and maintain professional online identities.
1)	What Makes a Strong Digital Identity?


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Designer Nathalie Trad's new clutches are works of art.
by Karin Nelson
Made from sturdy materials like stone, cinnamon wood, and stainless steel and formed into irregular shapes, Nathalie Trad's clutches appear, in hand, like portable objets d'art. And since she launched them last year, they have drawn a devout following that includes Karolina Kurkova, Sienna Miller, and Princess Deena Aljuhani Abdulaziz. In fact, the royal co-founder of the Middle Eastern fashion emporium D'NA was so taken with Trad's designs, she has collaborated with the Dubai-based designer on a new collection. The four styles, crafted from copper, shell, and wood embellished with a trompe-l'oeil marble technique, take cues form the Art Deco movement, in particular the furnishings of Jean Prouvé and Jean-Michel Frank. Get a hold of one October 2nd on Farfetch.com.
Photos: Source Material
Nathalie Trad Dixon Clutch.
Nathalie Trad Raleigh Clutch.
Nathalie Trad Leon Clutch.
Nathalie Trad Adler Clutch.


Packaging: We provide various exquisite packaging: Magnetic Plastic Box For Card USB, Vinyl Pouch, White Box-flat, Gift Pouch.
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Alban, S., Schauerte, A. and Franz, Gerhard (2002) Anticoagulant sulfated polysaccharides: Part I. Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of new pullulan sulfates. Carbohydrate Polymers 47, pp. 267-276. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S., Classen, B., Brunner, G., Franz, Gerhard and Blaschek, W. (2002) Differentiation between the Complement Modulating Effects of an Arabinogalactan-Protein from Echinacea purpurea and Heparin. (Dedicated to the 65th birthday of Prof. Dr. Gerhard Franz). Planta Medica 68, pp. 1118-1124. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S. and Franz, Gerhard (2001) Partial synthetic glucan sulfates as potential new antithrombotics: a review. Biomacromolecules 2 (2), pp. 354-361. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S. and Gastpar, R. (2001) Plasma levels of total and free tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) as individual pharmacological parameters of various heparins. Thrombosis and haemostasis 85 (5), pp. 824-829. Fulltext not available.
Füller, E., Sosa, S., Tubaro, A., Alban, S., Franz, Gerhard and Della Loggia, R. (2000) Anti-inflammatory activity of Chamomile polysaccharides. Pharmaceutical and pharmacological letters, pp. 86-87. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S. and Franz, Gerhard (2000) Characterization of the anticoagulant actions of a semisynthetic curdlan sulfate. Thrombosis research 99 (4), pp. 377-388. Fulltext not available.
Franz, Gerhard, Paper, D. H. and Alban, S. (2000) Pharmacological Activities of Sulfated Carbohydrate Polymers. In: Paulsen, Berit S., (ed.) Bioactive carbohydrate polymers. Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe, 44. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 47-58. ISBN 0-7923-6119-9. Fulltext not available.
Bergé, J.-P., Bourgougnon, N., Alban, S., Pojer, F., Billaudel, S., Chermann, J.-C., Robert, J. M. and Franz, Gerhard (1999) Antiviral and Anticoagulant Activities of a Water-Soluble Fraction of the Marine Diatom Haslea ostrearia. Planta Medica 65, pp. 604-609. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S. and Franz, Gerhard (1999) Study on the Mechanism of Action of Semisynthetic Anticoagulant Curdlan Sulfates. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S., Franz, M. E. and Franz, Gerhard (1997) Influence of the Therapeutically used Enzymes Bromelain, Papain and Trypsin on the Blood Coagulation in vitro. Pharmaceutical and pharmacological letters 7, pp. 51-63. Fulltext not available.
Kiefl, B., Alban, S. and Franz, Gerhard (1997) Storage Stability and related Aspects of Juniperus communis L. In: Franz, Ch. and Máthé, A. and Buchbauer, G., (eds.) Essential oils : basic and applied research : proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Essential Oils, September 8-11, 1996, Vienna, Austria. Allured Pub. Corp., Carol Stream, pp. 312-314. ISBN 0931710596. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S., Jeske, W., Hoppensteadt, D., Fareed, J. and Franz, Gerhard (1996) Biological Activities and Effects on the Platelet Aggregation of a Structurally defined Curdlan Sulfate. In: Harenberg, J. and Casu, B., (eds.) Non-Anticoagulant Actions of Glycosaminoglycans; Proc. 4th Symp. on Glycosaminoglycans, Oct. 6-8,1994, Loveno, Italy. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 235-242. ISBN 0-306-45299-5. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S., Jeske, W., Welzel, D., Franz, Gerhard and Fareed, J. (1995) Anticoagulant and antithrombotic actions of a semisynthetic beta-1,3-glucan sulfate. Thrombosis research 78 (3), pp. 201-210. Fulltext not available.
Hoffmann, R., Paper, D. H., Donaldson, J., Alban, S. and Franz, Gerhard (1995) Characterisation of a laminarin sulphate which inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor binding and endothelial cell proliferation. Journal of cell science 108, Pt. 1, pp. 3591-3598. Fulltext not available.
Greinacher, A., Alban, S., Dummel, V., Franz, Gerhard and Mueller-Eckhardt, C. (1995) Characterization of the structural requirements for a carbohydrate based anticoagulant with a reduced risk of inducing the immunological type of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. Thrombosis and haemostasis 74 (3), pp. 886-892. Fulltext not available.
Franz, Gerhard, Alban, S. and Kraus, J. (1995) Novel Pharmaceutical Applications of Polysaccharides. Macromolecular Symposia 99, pp. 187-200. Fulltext not available.
Franz, Gerhard and Alban, S. (1995) Structure-activity relationship of antithrombotic polysaccharide derivatives. International journal of biological macromolecules 17 (6), pp. 311-314. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S. and Franz, Gerhard (1993) Synthese und antithrombotische Aktivität von neuartigen Heparinoiden. In: Hirschelmann, R. and Nuhn, Peter, (eds.) Entzündung und verwandte Reaktionen : neue Erkenntnisse, neue Wirkstoffe ; Beiträge des Joint Meeting 8. Hallesches Sommerkolloquium "Entzündung"/8. Symposium "Potentielle Arzneistoffe", Halle (S.) 11.-13. Juni 1992. Jenapharm, Jena, pp. 223-232. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S., Kraus, J. and Franz, Gerhard (1992) Synthesis of laminarin sulfates with anticoagulant activity. Arzneimittel-Forschung 42 (8), pp. 1005-1008. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S. and Harenberg, J. (1991) Neutralization of Heparins and Heparin related Oligosaccharides by Protamine and Polybrene. Pharmaceutical and pharmacological letters 1, pp. 37-40. Fulltext not available.
Alban, S. and Franz, Gerhard (1990) Phytotherapie in der Pädiatrie: Neurodermitis und Ekzeme. Sozialpädiatrie in Praxis und Klinik 12, p. 863. Fulltext not available.
This list was generated on Tue Apr 23 22:23:24 2019 CEST.


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Info & Tickets
La Traviata with Ballet
St Paul's within the Walls Church - Via Nazionale 16/A Rome
Start time 8:30 pm. End time 10:30 pm.
Experience "La Traviata" by Giuseppe Verdi in the extraordinary atmosphere of St. Paul's Within the Walls Church in Rome. Live the most romantic opera ever, exclusively performed by Opera e Lirica's internationally renown singers with choir, orchestra and ballet. Book now your Rome opera tickets!
The Three Tenors in Rome
St. Paul's within the Walls Church - Via Nazionale 16/A Rome
Inspired by the "Three Tenors" concerts by Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo and José Carreras, Opera e Lirica presents famous Italian opera arias from Tosca, La Traviata and L'Elisir d'amore and the most beautiful Neapolitan songs, like "O'sole mio" and "Torna a Surriento".
The Four Seasons by Vivaldi
Caravita Church - via del Caravita 7, Rome
Experience "The Four Seasons" by Vivaldi in the extraordinary atmosphere of Caravita Church in Rome performed by the violinist Elvin Dhimitri, strings and harpsichord.
Flaiano Theater - Via di Santo Stefano del Cacco, 15 - Rome
Experience "La Traviata" by Giuseppe Verdi in the wonderful Flaino Theater in Rome. Live the most romantic opera ever, exclusively performed by Opera e Lirica's internationally renown singers with choir and orchestra. Book now your Rome opera tickets!
The Three Tenors in Sorrento
Season 2022 - h 9:00 pm
Correale Museum of Terranova - via Correale 50, Sorrento
Inspired by the "Three Tenors" concerts by Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo and José Carreras, Opera e Lirica presents famous Italian opera arias from Tosca, La Traviata, Rigoletto, Turandot and L'Elisir d'amore and the most beautiful Neapolitan songs, like "O'sole mio" and "Torna a Surriento". Be enchanted by the voices of our Three Tenors resounding in the magnificent halls of the Correale Museum of Terranova, in the heart of Sorrento.
The Great Opera-St Valentine's
Monday 14th February 2022
A pot-pourri of the works that made the Great Italian Opera a point of reference for music all around the world, combined with the most famous pas de deux in the history of dance.


43-2932. Parenting plan; limitations to protect child or child's parent from harm; effect of court determination; burden of proof.
(ix) Any other constraints or conditions deemed necessary to provide for the safety of the child, a child's parent, or any person whose safety immediately affects the child's welfare.
(2) A court determination under this section shall not be considered a report for purposes of inclusion in the central registry of child protection cases pursuant to the Child Protection and Family Safety Act.
(3) If a parent is found to have engaged in any activity specified in subsection (1) of this section, the court shall not order legal or physical custody to be given to that parent without making special written findings that the child and other parent can be adequately protected from harm by such limits as it may impose under such subsection. The parent found to have engaged in the behavior specified in subsection (1) of this section has the burden of proving that legal or physical custody, parenting time, visitation, or other access to that parent will not endanger the child or the other parent.
Source:Laws 2007, LB554, § 13; Laws 2008, LB1014, § 62; Laws 2014, LB853, § 26.
Child Protection and Family Safety Act, see section 28-710.
Regardless of when the parent was convicted of third degree domestic assault, where the district court was presented with evidence of that conviction during modification proceedings, it was required to comply with this section in making a custody determination. Flores v. Flores-Guerrero, 290 Neb. 248, 859 N.W.2d 578 (2015).
Threatening to cause or actually causing bodily injury to a spouse or former spouse qualifies as domestic intimate partner abuse. Flores v. Flores-Guerrero, 290 Neb. 248, 859 N.W.2d 578 (2015).
Where a preponderance, or the greater weight, of the evidence demonstrates that a parent has committed one of the listed actions, the obligations of this section are mandatory. Flores v. Flores-Guerrero, 290 Neb. 248, 859 N.W.2d 578 (2015).
The requirement to make special written findings that the child and the "other parent" can be adequately protected from harm if child custody is awarded to the parent with a record of domestic abuse applies to instances where domestic abuse occurred between the parents of the child or children at issue, where it is necessary to ensure that there is no future domestic abuse to the "other parent." This section does not apply to a case in which one parent's conviction for domestic abuse was the result of an incident with a prior or estranged domestic intimate partner, who is not a party in the current action. State on behalf of Dawn M. v. Jerrod M., 22 Neb. App. 835, 861 N.W.2d 755 (2015).


A rich blend of citrus fruit including pomegranate, orange, acai and blueberry. Aromas of lemon and lime meld with red woodland fruit. Slightly sweet, smooth and easy to enjoy.
With natural infusion of tropical fruits, this white Sangria is fresh with hints of sweetness throughout. The fruit flavors are highlighted by the wine's balanced acidity.


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When people discuss what it's like to be autistic, they often say it's like viewing life from under water, or being trapped on an alien planet whose inhabitants have no context with which to understand your language, gestures, or needs. What they don't always mention is that it's like that for parents, too. Except we're the ones standing on the shore, screaming and waving and trying to get the mermaid's attention. We're the ones desperately trying to communicate with the resident alien.
You get used to--although never comfortable with--a certain helplessness. This feeling intensifies when your child's behaviors and responses fluctuate or regress--or sometimes even when they improve, because you never know why, or how to maintain whatever set of factors led to the breakthrough. Because no one knows a fucking thing about where autism comes from, and therefore no one can guarantee that pushing button A will give you effect B. There are no clear causes and effects. It's maddening.
What about ABA therapy? you ask. Well, yes, it is a proven aid. For a lot of kids, though not all. Our experience has been that, when it works, its effects are broad, cumulative, and often ephemeral rather than specific, immediate, and permanent. We've got reams of data testifying to all the things Leelo can now do, but if you kick him out into the real world, his skills set fizzles down to one or two abilities, and sometimes even those peter out. The process is a really slow, nerve-wracking bunny hop.
Why does this happen? Again, we don't know. Leelo's lapses and leaps, and his bad days and good days are increasingly unrelated to any treatment, intervention, or condition that we can identify.
The one dependable factor had been that when he is ill, everything goes to shit. Yet this past week, while he was horribly ill, he was initiating interaction like never before, coming up to me several times a day, grabbing my hand, and telling me exactly what he wanted to do. He demanded that the therapists "Play with me!" He formed sentences of unprecedented length, such as "I want to sit in my chair and eat cheesy puffs!"
What to make of this? Folks who follow the DAN protocol know that the doctors have parents obsessing over every possible cognitive or behavioral fluctuation as it relates to diet and supplements, and trying to modify the diet accordingly.
If I put myself in this mindset, then I have to consider that the biggest dietary side effect of being sick has been that he's been unwilling to eat much, and so has been off most of what supplement crap we're still doing. Plus we were out of Lactobaccillus during the weekend and he missed a couple of doses of cod liver oil. Are we overdosing him on something? Is he sensitized to the Lactobaccillus? Is that it? Is it? I'm fucked if I know.
As are a lot of parents. To paraphrase my dear friend MB, there are days when you know not a single thing has changed--not diet, schedule, or well-being--and your child still takes a sharp left turn into loopy-land.
The small, beleaguered rational part of my brain knows that these kids, like all kids, are unpredictable. They go through phases, they have bad days. Whereas someone else's three-year-old might be having a bout of tantrums, I've got a boy who spent the weekend hiding behind a screen of jolly but unintelligible chatter.
I've heard from parents a few years farther down this path that the ups and downs are usually unrelated to anything external, and that we should just hang in there. The progress will come. And I do cling to these thoughts, I do use them to keep me going. Because even though he has entire days of almost-unreachability, there are times when he lets the curtain drop and I get to see what he's really doing, what he's really capable of.
In addition to the verbal whoop-de-do mentioned above, he's started playing differently. He's exploring, figuring things out on his own, without being prompted. He's never done this before. The other night he had an epiphany about playing scales on his toy piano. The notes! They can be played in sequence! He also finally figured out this fucking farm toy that he's had for two years, that I've tried repeatedly to demonstrate, and that I was on the verge of jettisoning. And light switches! They have functions! And they're all over the house! All good.
We also see just how capable he is communicating when he's sick and has no patience. Instead of collapsing in a heap and crying with frustration because he doesn't feel well enough to spend four hours doing tricks, he will tell the therapists "Bye, bye!" by name, grab their arms, and start dragging them towards the door. If they don't get it, he will open the door and reiterate that they are no longer welcome.
Yet he still has weird omissions. Last week he forgot where his shoulders were, and was finding it difficult to do non-prop aided two-step instructions (e.g., turn around and clap your hands). The latter might be because he has hypotonic muscle tone (according to the Stanfford neurologist), but what of the former? Why does it take so long for things to stick without daily reinforcement?
Why why why? Why is he so unpredictable? Last week, when he was extra-fidgety and I thought he was going to have a horrible OT session, he had his best one ever--wearing his audio-therapy headphones for the entire session rather than five minutes, and talking to the therapist rather than having her prompt him. But then he had an extra-crappy speech session afterwards. And then this week, although he seemed more settled, his OT session was horrible.
I've just got to get used to being useless, to explaining that there is no explanation, to answering that there is no answer. I have to tell myself the same things I keep telling Seymour, because if he believes them then maybe I can too, and both of our hearts can stop breaking.
Big picture, I tell him. Don't get bogged down by the details. Look at the data, look at what he can do. Think about how different he is from last year's Leelo. There are kids who never even get to where he is. He's three. Three-year-olds are as changeable as weathercocks. He's about to go into preschool, and that's the point at which your co-worker's nephew completely blossomed. We're doing what we know works. He's doing great.
Even though we don't really know why.


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Human Factors / CRM Safety Leadership (LiveLearning)
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Induction, Deduction, Revelation: Notes on a class on how to interpret the Bible and to determine what is best to do, suggesting that we need to take into account first, revelation, which is the direct teaching of the Bible, second Bible principles and third, experience as a source of wisdom.
How do we know what God wants us to do as a body of his people today?
How, in general, do we know God's will?
Challenged the authority of the Pope. Ultimately, the Bible is the source of authority for correct doctrine.
"What can be accounted for by fewer assumptions is explained in vain by more."
"Nothing is assumed as evident unless it is known per se (ie by deduction) or is evident by experience (ie by induction), or is proved by authority of scripture (ie by revelation)."
Induction involves taking what we know from direct experience or perhaps from the experiences of others to reach a conclusion about how the world works.
We will look at several spiritual examples of using induction.
Deduction involves applying a generalized rule or law which is assumed to be true to a specific situation.
Ex: Parents try to teach their kids through deduction: Don't touch that stove: it will burn you. We try to teach principles which they can use throughout their lives.
As we get older, we tend to use deduction a lot more than induction. We tend to stop learning.
Revelation involves taking the word of a higher authority and applying it to a particular situation.
Revelation: Rev 22:18, 2 Pet 3:16 etc. God specifically tells us to do something or to not do something.
Ex: Lord's Supper, Drunkenness, Adultury, Elders, Pay your taxes, Repent and be baptized. Etc.
Deduction: Clearly, God could not legislate for every situation. In fact, in some cases, the correct answer might depend on the situation. For this reason, God provides us with principles to apply (through deduction) to particular situations.
Ex. Meat sacrificed to idols: Romans 14:19-23 This is not a "prescriptive" command (to use Mark Hodge's words) It is descriptive.
Proverbs is almost entirely a book of principles/deduction.
Ex: As a man sows, so shall he also reap.
Ex: Above all else, guard your heart.
Q. What form of leadership should we move to at this time?
Revelation: appoint elders in every city….
Induction: God reveals his will to his people through them applying induction to the situations in their own lives and in the lives of those to whom they minister.
God expects us to apply our experiences and the experiences of others to make decisions about what would be best in any situation.
In many situations it is a matter of good, better, best. We use induction to help determine what is best.
Through Paul, God admonishes us to "abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, so that we may be able to discern what is best" (Phil 1:10).
Proverbs 10:14 tells us that wise men store up knowledge. This is induction. God expects us to gather information about human nature, about what works best in personal relationships, church government, leadership and so forth to determine what is best.
Without knowledge of history, especially church history, we are perpetually blind to the pitfalls of human spiritual endeavor.
God expects us to use our minds our experiences and the experiences of others to make decisions.
It is not a matter of sin, but it is a matter of good, better, best. We should strive to find what is best.
We should be willing to learn from History, from church history, from the experiences of our denominational "friends" and from Restoration history.
What we are is more a result of our background in the Church of Christ than we think. Let us learn from their mistakes.
Q: Example of an apparent fact from which we could induce something about God or about how we ought to behave?
"Speak where the Bible speaks, be silent where the Bible is silent"
"Be silent where the Bible speaks, speak where the Bible is silent"?
When the Bible is "silent," God still speaks to us through principle and through history and experience.
Example: What should we do to remain unified as a religious movement?
What kind of cooperation is biblical and helpful for creating unity and accomplishing our mission?
The problem was not the cooperation, it was the compulsion, lack of freedom of choice.
What holds the Church of Christ together (even though they publicly proclaim autonomy)?
Let us move toward para-church organizations for world evangelism, for helping the poor etc, for educating our ministers, etc. Through totally voluntary contributions.
Let us stop giving # times contribution numbers and simply telling our people what is the need and the goal.
Creation of formal catechisms, creed statements, etc….
In order to determine what God's will for us as individuals and as a movement of God, we need to pay careful attention to induction, deduction and revelation.
Does Revelation 11 refer to the physical temple, in which case Revelation was written pre-AD 70? Also, who are the two witnesses?


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Tri-X
"Gene Smith was our Jim Morrison"
By Kim Komenich
Photo by Kim Komenich
It would have been in the summer of 1970 when I first held a roll in my hand. I was going to be a freshman in high school and I bought some outdated Tri-X and an Argus Autronic 35 camera at the "Buyers Bargain Barn" in Lathrop, Calif. I had built a phone booth of a darkroom in my parents' garage and I equipped it with Paterson reels and a Vivitar enlarger. No sink, no ventilation and no clue as to what to do next.
Earlier that year I created my first "portfolio"— a bunch of Polaroid Swinger pictures of the family dog— which I used to successfully earn the Boy Scouts photography merit badge. I recall being exasperated that no matter how carefully I posed the damned animal, it wouldn't hold still.
It took some time for me to appreciate the concept that the last thing a photojournalist wants is for the subject to hold still. We want verbs, not nouns. I came to understand that the best storytelling images have always been based on a collision of light, moment and gesture. And in those days, the photographer had to have an understanding of the limitations of their equipment and their emulsion.
That's why Tri-X was so important to us. When I was in college I read in the "Darkroom" series of books from Lustrum Press that many of my heroes "pulled"
Tri-X by overexposing it and under-developing it for sharper images, wider latitude and finer grain. I used this process whenever possible.
It was a great concept, but the realities of daily newspaper assignments usually demanded that those of us who disdained the use of flash were forced to work on the edge of darkness. We used this amazing emulsion in combination with strange darkroom processes to achieve film speeds sometimes in excess of ISO 3200. I settled on D76 1:1 for ISO 200 and Acufine for ISO 1000 and up. It was the Wild West.
When I was 15, my high school photo teacher, Bill Forbis recommended that Glenn Kahl, editor of the Manteca (Calif.) Bulletin, hire me as the paper's "darkroom boy." Kahl, it turned out, had just about written the book on breaking the rules with Tri-X. By the end of my first week he had shown me how to make deadline by developing Tri-X in Dektol, a paper developer, for a minute and a half, then squeegeeing the wet negative and putting it directly into the enlarger. This process yielded a smelly print ready for halftoning in about five minutes.
I became a disciple of W. Eugene Smith when I read the U.S. Camera "Man of the Year" cover story about his Minamata project in 1973. I was fascinated by his lifestyle, his passion and most importantly, his pictures. Gene Smith was our Jim Morrison. It was then that I realized that the camera could be a passport. I longed to be good enough to work for Life Magazine and do important international stories. I read about how Smith worked, most memorably about how he would load two rolls of Super Double-X Pan or Tri-X on a single Nikor reel to save time.
The demise of Life and the picture magazines coincided with the beginning of the "offset revolution" in the '70s and '80s. Newspapers began to invest millions in new offset presses and for the first time were able to print ROP (run of the press) color ads on any page. This was good news for my generation of photographers because publishers needed color photos to fill the pages. This led to a boom in newspaper photojournalism.
In the dark of the night, Komenich photographed a kidnapping in the early '80s, by pushing his Tri-X to ISO 6400.
After three years of working for the colorful Contra Costa Times in Walnut Creek, east of San Francisco, I landed my dream job working for Eric Meskauskas and Bob McLeod as a staff photographer for the San Francisco Examiner. The Examiner and its JOA partner, the San Francisco Chronicle, were late to join the ranks of the color metros. The papers were printed on an antiquated letterpress line until the late '80s. Letterpress would almost automatically block up the blacks and would give a toothy, almost gravure look to our photos. It was heaven for those of us who wanted to add drama to our work.
At the Examiner I was able to return to black and white and to once again concentrate on darkroom sleight-of-hand using Tri-X in the company of an amazing staff, including Nicole Bengiveno, Lee Romero and the man who taught me more about the power of the black-and-white image than any other photographer, Eli Reed.
But the writing was on the wall. The Examiner went color and Tri-X was replaced by Ektapress and Fujicolor negative film. We tried hard to use Panalure paper to make our prints look as soulful and important as those we made with our Tri-X negatives on Agfa and Ilford paper, but things just weren't the same.
It's hard to describe the intimacy a photographer can develop with an emulsion. It's alchemy. You would know whether your Tri-X was heat damaged or out of date by the yellow cast you saw on the leader or that first bend that the film made as you pulled it from the canister. In the darkroom you could roll the D-76 developer between your pinched fingers and know if the soup was bad. You could feel it.
I guess what I miss most is the solitude. I remember standing alone in the pitch black of a hotel road darkroom after a dangerous day, with my arms thrust deep into a sink of 68-degree wash water for no reason while I waited for the fixer to clear my film. There, in the absence of every sight, of every sound, it was peace.
Tri-X gave us atoms. Photographers captured photons on Tri-X and then used chemical reactions to turn the latent images into negatives. In the end we had a tangible, fragile original that when printed, could, and occasionally did, change the course of history.
Tri-X accompanied us as we bore witness to the world. It was with us as we experienced the most exhilarating and the most horrific situations imaginable. I no longer possess the clothing I wore or the equipment I used, or for that matter, precise memory of many of the encounters I had, but I do possess the film. My negatives remind me of what a gift it was to be a photojournalist in those days. I will always cherish those frames.
(Kim Komenich is a former staff photographer with the San Francisco Examiner and the San Francisco Chronicle. He is currently teaching at San Jose State University. For more of Kim's writing, check out these links: https://nppa.org/page/words-pictures-kim-komenich and http://revolutionrevisited.com. Information on his documentary film "Cowboys" can be found at: http://cowboysmovie.com . You can see Kim's website here: http://kimkom.com.)
Kim's website
Which former sprint-start now starts a career as a Wide Receiver ? Go see here: ::..


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February 1, 2020 February 4, 2020 by davestockton
Business Spotlight: McDonald's
If you have been lucky enough to live in the area since the early 70's, you know that McDonald's at 121 North York Road has been a staple in the Hatboro community for a long time. But for the "newcomers", it might surprise you to know that this Hatboro institution has been serving their globally famous golden fries, signature hamburgers, and other treats for almost 50 years.
Since 1973, the hometown Hatboro McDonald's has been serving customers in good times and bad. They have helped customers celebrate gold medals and mourn losses. They are part of many folks' morning routines and afternoon pick-me-ups, always there to serve up favorites with a smile. But there's more to this McDonald's story than just the food they are serving.
In 1971, Chris Gabriel moved to the Philadelphia area from Illinois where he had been a McDonald's Owner Operator for seven years. In 1973 he became the Owner Operator of McDonald's Hatboro (restaurant #752 of now 14,000 in America) and has been an enthusiastic and supportive community partner ever since.
Well known for his community involvement, saying, "it's all about giving back to the community in which you do business," Chris willingly supports scout troops, little league, police and fire departments, schools, libraries, the Chamber of Commerce, and other business organizations and neighbors. As an example, Chris has been part of the Hatboro community for 46 years and for every one of those years he has been an active participant in the Hatboro parade, even serving as Grand Marshall in last year's parade.
Whether it's bringing Ronald McDonald to town to appear at community special events (it's harder than you may think to secure Ronald during his national tour), or working to secure grants from the Ronald McDonald House Charities to help fund projects like the Tanner Park Playground, or having a big presence at the "When I Grow Up" Career Expo, Chris and his team remain dedicated to embracing and supporting efforts and organizations that are doing good in and around Hatboro.
In addition to serving customers a consistent, quality product and giving back generously to the community, Chris is also extremely proud of the opportunities he has been able to provide to his employees over the years.
"McDonald's is a people business," says Chris. "And I am proud of the employees at the Hatboro McDonald's. Many of the crew members who had their first job at McDonald's learned important skills that have enabled them to continue on a successful career path, others have moved up the corporate ladder and continue to pursue the American dream of becoming a McDonald's Owner Operator. Nothing compares to seeing employees succeed through their hard work and dedication, knowing that one of our restaurants provided them with the opportunity to achieve their dreams."
A fun fact is that one in eight Americans has, at some time, worked at McDonald's. Many are first jobs or second jobs. Some are moms, dads, and grandparents. Some are even famous like Jay Leno, Carl Lewis, Shania Twain, and Jeff Bezos.
As you can imagine, the restaurant you see at 121 N. York today looks quite a bit different than the original building (seen below during the demolition) which Chris acquired in 1973 (which was a renovated building from the original Red & White tile drive-up). Since then, the restaurant has gone through several physical modernizations. In 1996 the restaurant was taken down for an entire rebuild, and in 2011 the dining room went through a complete renovation, at which time the indoor playland was removed and the front part of the restaurant was transformed into an upscale modern dining area. The next project on deck for the location is another dining room renovation that will include new ordering Kiosk's. This is slated to take place later this year.
So now you know the story behind the golden arches that have graced York Road for so long. Hatboro is lucky to have one of the 14,000 McDonald's, and the residents of Hatboro are lucky that this location (like 95% of the 14,000) is owned by an individual franchisee who has made a commitment to his community both inside the restaurant and in his neighborhood. Kathy Kingston VP & Director of Operations is known by many as the face and heart of the Hatboro location. She, often on behalf of Chris, consistently serves the needs of community. The next time you are at the restaurant, ask if Kathy is around. If she is, be sure to say thank you for all she, Chris and McDonald's do for Hatboro.
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SMALL SCALE FISHERIES – A BALANCING ACT…
With the submission of comments on the proposed draft policy for the small-scale fisheries sector on 5 November 2010, things appear to have gone quiet from an industry point of view.
In actual fact this perceived silence could not be further from the truth. The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) has presented the original draft Policy at Nedlac level and the debate over the proposed policy is now being considered by representatives of business, labour and government. It would appear that in addition to this traditional Nedlac tri-partheid grouping the voice of various community interests are also being considered.
After the Nedlac presentation, on 8 February 2011, DAFF representatives lead by the former acting DDG, Richard Seleke, briefed the fisheries portfolio committee on the draft policy as well as on issues regarding the abalone experimental fisheries and the reopening of abalone fisheries. Unsurprisingly, one of the main comments received from the portfolio committee was the request that DAFF make public the comments submitted by interested and affected parties regarding the draft policy. This same request has been made by business and various other parties but to date DAFF has refused to provide access to the comments.
At the portfolio committee briefing concerns were also expressed about the viability of the policy in creating livelihoods for the various communities involved. The issue of community based rights as opposed to ITQ allocations was also vociferously discussed and DAFF was questioned whether the proposed community based rights holding entity approach was in fact the correct approach to take?
Concerns were also expressed about the concept of allocating rights to communities who would then be required to self manage and police access to the marine resources. One member of the portfolio committee went so far as to suggest that this appeared to present a clear conflict of interest and was an unreasonable burden to place on the community. The co-management approach was also debated, with members of the portfolio committee expressing their concern about the reduced roll of DAFF in the administration of the sector. DAFF was reminded that the state remained ultimately responsible and that it fell on DAFF to ensure that all marine resources were sustainably utilized and that they were adequately protected.
Various newspaper reports have also considered the proposed small-scale sector policy. Of particular interest was an article from from the Cape Argus on Wednesday 9 February 2011, reporting on the portfolio committee briefing in an article headed "Lawyers still trying to work out new fishing structures".
Richard Seleke was quoted as saying that the Department had more than 5000 people on its databases who would in all likelihood be eligible in terms of the new policy. The article suggested that the consultation process could be completed by the end of May although uncertainty regarding this has been expressed by almost all quarters including Mr. Seleke.
The article reported that DAFF had received "1000's" of comments which were busy being consolidated and collated. Mr. Seleke reported that once the policy had been approved by Cabinet, "assuming this happened", the policy would first be introduced in a few pilot areas possibly in June this year. Quite clearly the June timeframe is directly linked to the understanding that the Nedlac process will be completed in May. Indications are that it is highly unlikely that the Nedlac process will be completed by the end of May or that the policy will be approved by June.
Mr. Deetlefs du Toit of the Democratic Alliance was quoted as stating that the briefing had been "a useless exercise" because DAFF had been unable to provide practical examples against which the draft policy could be tested. Mr. Du Toit's comments suggested that the policy was high on rhetoric but light on factual issues regarding the actual practical application and implementation of the policy.
This seems to be a common opinion and there seems to be a rising voice of dissension from almost all quarters requesting a policy with more detail that can be properly considered and with clear delivery objectives.
From a legal perspective and as envisaged in the draft policy, there will be necessary amendments required to be made to the Marine Living Resources Act, which in turn will also have to be published for comment. There is clearly much water to pass under the bridge before a final policy is effectively implemented.
Regardless of the detail of the Small Scale Policy and subsequent legislation, the real crux of this debate is about where will the sustainable marine resources come from.
A very simple calculation provides (sea)food for thought:
5 000 fishers
Each fisher to get R500.00 per month (R6 000.00 per annum)
Total net proceeds required to be distributed from the community rights holding companies after all expenses and income tax = R30 million;
Therefore, the before tax turnover required (which does not make provision for expenses e.g. admin, salaries etc), is say about R42 million;
R42 million is about equal to what a "paper quota holder" would receive from:a) a 16 800 ton Hake trawl quota at a price of R2,50 per kilo; or
b) a 420 ton West Coast Rock Lobster quota at a price of R100 per kilo.
Clearly, the introduction of "small scale fishing rights" is going to require a delicate balancing act from DAFF!


Federica Ceccon (Padua, September 19th, 1988). Junior Partner.
Admitted to the Bar in 2015.
She graduated in Law at the University of Padua in April 2013 and joined the Firm in May 2013. In July 2013 she attended a course on the Common Law system at the Faculty of Law of the University of Cambridge (UK).
During her trainee period, she also focused on international trade law and international arbitration, taking part in different conferences and courses held by the Camera Arbitrale di Milano (CAM) and by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) both in Rome and Paris, and other legal institutions. She participated in the XII Cologne Academy on International Contracts at the Universität zu Köln (German) in September 2014, and in the Training on International Contracts held by the ICC in Paris in April 2015.
In March 2015 she attended a course concerning IP, while in winter 2016 she attended a short master in bankruptcy law, regarding especially restructuring procedures.
In December 2016, after a specific course held by the Catholic University of Milan she got the title of "Gestore della Crisi da Sovraindebitamento" (a special insolvency procedure applicable to those who are not subject to the classical bankruptcy proceedings).