text:
The translation of this document is outdated.
Translation validity: 11.07.2014.–14.07.2016.
Amendments not included: 16.06.2016., 01.03.2018.
Text consolidated by Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) with amending laws of:
22 May 2003 [shall come into force from 20 June 2003];
31 March 2004 [shall come into force from 1 May 2004];
20 January 2005 [shall come into force from 16 February 2005];
19 December 2006 [shall come into force from 1 January 2006];
5 May 2011 [shall come into force from 8 June 2011];
4 April 2013 [shall come into force from 9 May 2013];
12 September 2013 [shall come into force from 1 January 2014];
3 July 2014 [shall come into force from 11 July 2014].
If a whole or part of a section has been amended, the date of the amending law appears in square brackets at the end of the section. If a whole section, paragraph or clause has been deleted, the date of the deletion appears in square brackets beside the deleted section, paragraph or clause.
The Saeima1 has adopted and
the President has proclaimed the following Law:
On the Application of Taxes in Free Ports and Special Economic Zones
Section 1. Terms Used in this Law
(1) Terms used in the Free Port of Riga Law, the Free Port of Ventspils Law, the Liepāja Special Economic Zone Law and the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone Law, the Law On Control of Aid for Commercial Activities, the Law On Taxes and Fees, the Value Added Tax Law and the Law on Enterprise Income Tax, as well as terms used in laws and regulations governing customs matters, are the terms used in this Law if it is not laid down otherwise in this Law.
(2) The following terms are also used in this Law:
1) permission to apply direct tax relief:
a) a certificate issued by the Liepāja Special Economic Zone Authority to a capital company of the special economic zone regarding the right to apply direct tax relief,
b) a permit issued by the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone Authority to a capital company of the special economic zone regarding the right to apply direct tax relief,
c) a certificate issued to a capital company licensed by the Free Port of Ventspils Authority regarding the right to apply direct tax relief,
d) a certificate issued to a capital company licensed by Free Port of Riga Authority regarding the right to apply direct tax relief;
2) free port authority - the Free Port of Riga Authority or Free Port of Ventspils Authority;
3) licensed capital company - a capital company which has entered into an agreement with the free port authority regarding licensed commercial activities in the territory of the Free Port of Riga or the Free Port of Ventspils;
4) indirect taxes - customs duties, natural resources tax, excise duties and value added tax;
5) direct taxes - enterprise income tax and immovable property tax;
6) accumulated amount of investments - the amount of all the investments by a zone capital company or capital company which are made commencing with the taxation period in which it entered into an agreement with a zone authority or free port authority regarding making of investments in the territory of the zone or free port, up to the taxation period (inclusive) regarding which the calculation is performed - for a Liepāja Special Economic Zone capital company, a Rēzekne Special Economic Zone capital company, a Free Port of Rīga licensed capital company, or a Free Port of Ventspils licensed capital company;
7) accumulated amount of direct tax relief - the whole amount of direct tax relief used in accordance with this Law commencing with the taxation period in which the zone capital company or licensed capital company has been issued with permission to apply direct tax relief up to the taxation period (not inclusive) regarding which the calculation is performed;
8) zone authority - the Liepāja Special Economic Zone Authority and the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone Authority;
9) territory of a zone - the special economic zone territory as laid down in the Liepāja Special Economic Zone Law or the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone Law;
10) territory of a free port - the free port territory laid down in the Free Port of Ventspils Law or the Free Port of Rīga Law;
11) zone capital company - a Liepāja Special Economic Zone capital company or a Rēzekne Special Economic Zone merchant with which the zone authority has entered into an agreement regarding the performing of commercial activities and making of investments in the territory of the Liepāja Special Economic Zone or the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone;
12) investments made by a zone capital company or a licensed capital company - the long-term tangible investments in the fixed assets (buildings, constructions, equipment and machines) and intangible investments (costs of acquisition of patents and technology) of a zone capital company or licensed capital company, as well as zone authority or free port authority, which conform to the following conditions:
a) are provided for in the contract entered into between the zone authority and the zone capital company or the port authority and the licensed capital company regarding the making of investments,
b) qualify as initial investments, that is investment in the establishment of a new capital company, increase in production or service capacity of an existing capital company, diversification of the production of an existing capital company with products that have not been previously produced in the capital company, or essential change in the production processes of an existing capital company,
c) the assets purchased are new, except the case when they are purchased by a capital company that conforms to the status of a small or medium-sized capital company laid down in Annex I to Commission Regulation (EC) No 651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty (Text with EEA relevance) (hereinafter - Commission Regulation No 651/2014),
d) intangible assets conform to the requirements laid down in Article 14(8) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014,
e) the investments made, after completion thereof, remain in the zone or free port for at least five years or three years, if investments are made by a capital company that conforms to the status of a small or medium-sized capital company laid down in Annex I to Commission Regulation No 651/2014,
f) the assets related to the modernisation process conform to the requirements laid down in Article 14(7) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014;
13) [3 July 2014].
[22 May 2003; 31 March 2004; 20 January 2005; 19 December 2006; 5 May 2011; 4 April 2013; 3 July 2014]
Section 2. Purpose of the Law
This Law prescribes the procedures for the application of:
1) indirect taxes in the Free Port of Riga, the Free Port of Ventspils, the Liepāja Special Economic Zone and the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone;
2) direct tax relief in the Liepāja Special Economic Zone, the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone, the Free Port of Ventspils and the Free Port of Riga.
[3 July 2014]
Section 2.1 Application of the Tax Law
The necessary actions for applying, calculating, declaring, paying and ensuring other correct paying of taxes for the taxes of a zone capital company, licensed capital company, zone authority and port authority shall be performed in accordance with tax laws and the laws and regulations in the field of customs matters if not otherwise provided for in this Law.
[22 May 2003; 31 March 2004; 19 December 2006]
Application of Indirect Taxes
Section 3. Application of Indirect Taxes to Delivery of Goods and Services
(1) Goods, which are not intended for further exportation and which are delivered to a licensed capital company, a zone capital company, a zone authority or a free port authority by a registered value added tax payer, shall be subject to a standard rate or reduced rate of value added tax in accordance with the Value Added Tax Law if not otherwise provided for in this Section.
(2) The following shall be subject to 0 per cent rate of value added tax:
1) supply of goods to a licensed capital company, a zone capital company, a zone authority or a free port authority in a free zone of a free port or special economic zone territory (hereinafter - free zone) by a registered value added tax payer (hereinafter - tax payer) for further exportation;
2) supply of such goods to a licensed capital company, a zone capital company, a zone authority or a free port authority as conform to the requirements laid down in Section 1, Paragraph two, Clause 12 of this Law;
3) [20 January 2005];
5) [20 January 2005].
(3) If the goods referred to in Paragraph two, Clause 1 of this Section are sold in the free zone they shall be subject to a standard rate or reduced rate of value added tax in accordance with the Value Added Tax Law.
(4) If the licensed capital company, a zone capital company, a zone authority or a free port authority supplies the goods referred to in Paragraph two, Clause 2 of this Section to another person earlier than five years from the moment of its purchase, the licensed capital company, a zone capital company, a zone authority or a free port authority shall calculate the value added tax from the initial value, and pay in such tax to the State budget in the taxation period when the supply of the goods took place and this tax may not be deducted as an input tax.
(5) [20 January 2005]
(7) Petroleum products which are delivered to a licensed capital company, a zone capital company, a zone authority or a free port authority shall be exempt from excise duty while the petroleum products are located in the free zone territory of the licensed capital company, zone capital company, zone authority or free port authority.
(8) Petroleum products shall be exempt from excise duty in case when these products are utilised by a licensed capital company, a zone capital company, a zone authority or a port authority for:
1) ships and other floating objects which are not utilised for leisure and recreational needs;
2) ships for manufacture, testing and maintenance needs;
3) ships and other floating objects which are utilised for works of excavation and enlargement of waterways and ports;
4) electricity generation or in combined equipment which generates electricity and heat.
(81) If in the cases referred to in Paragraph eight of this Section, diesel fuel, kerosene or fuel oil the colorimetric index of which is less than 2.0 and the kinematic viscosity at 50oC is less than 25 cSt, or the substitute products and components of such petroleum products is utilised, then the relevant petroleum products shall be exempt from excise duty if they are labelled (marked) in accordance with the requirements of the Law On Excise Duty.
(9) The rate specified in Section 14, Paragraph two of the Law On Excise Duty shall be applied to the petroleum products referred to in Section 14, Paragraph one, Clauses 3, 4 and 6 of the Law On Excise Duty, which are labelled (marked) in accordance with the requirements of the Law On Excise Duty and which are utilised by a licensed capital company, a zone capital company, a zone authority or a port authority in the territory of a free zone for:
1) stationary installations;
2) cranes and other similar objects;
3) equipment which has been utilised in construction work only in the territory of a free zone;
4) machines, which according to the construction are not intended for travelling on public roads.
(10) The Cabinet shall determine such conditions for the circulation and control of petroleum products, which in accordance with Paragraphs seven, eight, 8.1 and nine of this Section, shall be applied exemptions and rebates from excise duty, as well as the conditions for the registration of the users of such petroleum products.
[22 May 2003; 31 March 2004; 20 January 2005; 19 December 2006; 5 May 2011; 4 April 2013]
Section 4. Restrictions on Retail Trade
(1) In the free zone territory of licensed capital companies and zone capital companies, the delivery of goods and provision of services to natural persons (hereinafter - retail trade) is prohibited, except:
1) the delivery of food and medical goods;
2) public catering, medical, communications and financial transactions;
3) trade in tax-free shops, which have been established in accordance with the Customs Law and operate in accordance with the procedures stipulated by the Cabinet.
(2) The retail goods delivered and services provided in the free zone territory of a licensed capital company and a zone capital company referred to in Paragraph one, Clauses 1 and 2 of this Section shall be subject to a standard rate or reduced rate in accordance with the Value Added Tax Law, except those goods and services which are exempt from value added tax in accordance with the Value Added Tax Law.
(3) Delivery of the goods referred to in Paragraph one, Clause 1 of this Section and provision of the services mentioned in Paragraph one, Clause 2 to natural persons shall be permitted only for those licensed capital companies or zone capital companies which have entered into an agreement on retail trade in the territory of a free zone or the territory of a free port with a zone authority or a free port authority. Territory intended for retail trade as well as other territory and premises for storage of relevant goods shall be stated in the agreement.
[22 May 2003; 31 March 2004; 19 December 2006; 5 May 2011; 4 April 2013]
Application of Direct Tax Relief
Section 5. Permission to Apply Direct Tax Relief
(1) Permission to apply direct tax relief shall be granted by a zone authority or a free port authority in accordance with the procedures specified by law.
(2) Permission to apply direct tax relief may be granted to a zone capital company or a licensed capital company, which conforms to the following conditions:
1) is located in the territory of a special economic zone or free port;
2) performs commercial activities only in the territory of a special economic zone or free port. The following shall not be considered to be commercial activity outside of the territory of a special economic zone or free port:
a) the location of the administrative institutions or representation offices of zone capital companies or licensed capital companies outside of the territory of a special economic zone or free port,
b) the conduct of negotiations and the concluding of contracts outside of the territory of a special economic zone or free port,
c) the transit of goods from or to the territory of a special economic zone or free port,
d) other activities, which do not have the nature of the execution of a goods-money (also clearing) transaction.
(3) Permission to apply direct tax relief shall no longer be in force if at least one of the following conditions exists:
1) the term of operation of the special economic zone has expired or the free port has been abolished;
2) the term of validity of such permission has expired;
3) the zone authority or free port authority and the zone or licensed capital company agree to terminate the agreement regarding the performance of commercial activities in the territory of the zone or free port;
4) a court has terminated the agreement between a zone authority or free port authority and a zone or licensed capital company regarding the performance of commercial activities in the territory of the zone or free port and cancelled the permission issued to such capital company to receive direct tax relief;
5) the zone capital company or the licensed capital company is liquidated or reorganised, as well as commercial activity is terminated as laid down in other cases by law;
6) the applicable maximum amount of direct tax relief determined in contracts entered into regarding making of investments has been reached in relation to the accumulated amount of investments.
(4) A zone authority or free port authority shall not grant a permission to apply direct tax relief to the following capital companies:
1) the capital companies of the transport sector referred to in Article 2(45) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014 and transport infrastructure as defined in Article 13(a) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014;
2) the capital companies which produce the steel industry products referred to in Article 2(43) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014;
3) the capital companies of the synthetic fibre sector referred to in Article 2(44) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014;
4) the capital companies of the agricultural sector referred to in Article 2(9) and (11) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014;
5) the capital companies of the fishery and aquaculture sector referred to in Article 1(3)(a) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014;
6) the capital companies of the coal industry sector referred to in Article 2(13) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014;
7) the capital companies of the ship building sector referred to in Annex 7, Paragraph 1 of this Law;
8) the capital companies of the energy infrastructure referred to in Article 2(130) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014 and of the energy production sector referred to in Article 13(a) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014.
(5) If a capital company is operating in both the sectors referred to in Paragraph four of this Section and in other sectors, the zone authority or free port authority shall grant a permission to apply direct tax relief, if the capital company clearly separates the financial flows for implementation of the sector to be supported from the financial flow of other operational sectors during making of investments and throughout the period of application of tax relief, until the maximum applicable amount of direct tax relief in relation to the accumulated amount of investments is reached.
(6) Upon applying direct tax relief, the zone authority or free port authority shall not grant a permission if:
1) the conditions of Article 1(2)(c) and (d) and Article 4(a) and (c) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014 set in;
2) the capital company, within two years prior to submitting an application for entering into a contract regarding making of investments, has terminated the same or similar activity as defined in Article 2(50) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014 in the European Economic Area or the capital company has specific plan to terminate such activity within two years after the investment project laid down in the contract regarding making of investments is completed.
[22 May 2003; 31 March 2004; 19 December 2006; 3 July 2014]
Section 5.1 Right to Apply Direct Tax Relief
(1) A permission issued by the zone authority or free port authority shall certify the right to receive the direct tax relief laid down in this Law, but the contract entered into regarding making of investments shall determine the conditions for application of direct tax relief to the investments provided for in the particular contract regarding making of investments.
(2) A contract regarding making of investments is an agreement entered into between a capital company and the free port authority or zone authority regarding making of investments in the free port or special economic zone. The contract shall include at least the following information:
1) the name of the investment project;
2) investment objects and investment amount;
3) the time period of investments, which does not exceed five years from entering into the contract;
4) the aid percentage applicable to the investment, which is in effect on the day of entering into the contract, in addition taking into account the provisions of Sections 8.1 and 8.2 of this Law for determining the aid percentage;
5) certification of the capital company that it will ensure the financial investment in the amount of at least 25 per cent from the total investment project costs provided for in the contract regarding making of investments, for which State aid has not been received, that is, financing in the amount of at least 25 per cent from own economic resources or external financial resources for which no public aid has been received, including State or local government guarantee or State or local government loan with preferential conditions has not been received;
6) the maximum applicable sum of direct tax relief for investments provided for in the agreement;
7) application of the aid percentage determined in the contract until the moment when the maximum applicable amount of direct tax relief in relation to the accumulated sum of investments is reached;
8) application of the aid percentage determined in the contract to the enterprise income tax reliefs and immovable property tax reliefs laid down in this Law.
(3) For entering into a contract regarding making of investments the capital company shall submit at least the information indicated in Annex 8 to this Law to the zone authority or free port authority.
(4) The right to apply direct tax relief to the investments provided for in a contract regarding making of investments may be exercised if the capital company has made investments only after the contract regarding making of investments has entered into effect. If the capital company wishes to merge the aid laid down in this Law in the form of tax relief with other aid for making of initial investments, the contract regarding making of investments, which has been entered into with the zone authority or free port authority, shall enter into effect and the capital company shall commence making of investments only after all the institutions involved have taken a decision to provide aid to the investment project. In the cases referred to in Section 8.1, Paragraph five of this Law the contract regarding making of investments shall enter into effect only after receipt of a decision of the European Commission.
Section 6. Immovable Property Tax Rebate
(1) A zone or licensed capital company is entitled to apply an immovable property tax rebate in the amount of 80 per cent of the tax amount calculated (not applying other rebates) to the immovable property, located in the territory of the zone or free port, of which they have ownership, legal possession, or which they have been granted the right to use, unless otherwise provided for in Section 10 of this Law.
(2) Upon the decision of a local government, a zone or licensed capital company is entitled to apply an immovable property tax rebate up to the amount of 20 per cent of the tax amount calculated (not applying other rebates) to the immovable property, located in the territory of the zone or free port, of which they have ownership, legal possession, or which they have been granted the right to use, unless otherwise provided for in Section 10 of this Law.
(3) In the immovable property tax notification, a local government shall state the amount of immovable property tax to be paid for the taxation period, taking into account the immovable property tax rebate prescribed in Paragraphs one and two of this Section.
(4) The immovable property tax rebate referred to in Paragraph one of this Section shall be taken into account in making an immovable property tax forecast for local governments, which shall be used in the calculation of local government financial equalisation account for the next financial year.
(5) A zone authority or the Free Port of Rīga Authority shall not pay immovable property tax or any other tax which may be introduced in place of the referred to tax, for immovable property which is located outside the territory of the zone or free port and belongs to the State or local government, and which in accordance with law has been granted for use to a zone authority or free port authority and has not been transferred further to another user.
[19 December 2006]
Section 7. Enterprise Income Tax Relief
(1) A zone capital company or a licensed capital company is entitled to apply enterprise income tax rebate in the amount of 80 per cent of the tax amount calculated.
(2) In commencing advance payments of enterprise income tax, a zone capital company or licensed capital company shall take into the account the tax rebate provided for in Paragraph one of this Section and shall calculate the advance payments in accordance with the procedures prescribed in the Law On Enterprise Income Tax.
(3) [3 July 2014]
[19 December 2006; 3 July 2014]
Section 8. Restrictions on the Application of Direct Tax Rebates
(1) A zone capital company or a licensed capital company shall apply the tax rebates, prescribed in Section 6, Paragraphs one and two and Section 7, Paragraph one of this Law, for a taxation period if the accumulated amount of direct tax rebates and the rebates calculated for the taxation period in accordance with Section 6, Paragraphs one and two and Section 7, Paragraph one of this Law together do not exceed the percentage of the accumulated amount of investments to be applied to the relevant capital company:
1) to a zone capital company or a licensed capital company which does not conform to the criteria laid down in Annex I to Commission Regulation (EC) No 651/2014 - 35 per cent of the accumulated amount of investments;
2) to a zone capital company or a licensed capital company that conforms to the status of a medium-sized capital company specified in Annex I to Commission Regulation (EC) No 651/2014 - 45 per cent of the accumulated amount of investments;
3) to a zone capital company or a licensed capital company that conforms to the status of a small capital company specified in Annex I to Commission Regulation (EC) No 651/2014 - 55 per cent of the accumulated amount of investments.
(2) If the accumulated amount of direct tax rebates and the rebates calculated accordance with Section 6, Paragraphs one and two and Section 7, Paragraph one of this Law for a taxation period together exceed the percentages specified in Paragraph one, Clause 1, 2 or 3 of this Section respectively of the accumulated amount of investments of the zone capital company or the licensed capital company, tax rebates for the taxation period shall be applied taking into account the restrictions laid down in Sections 10 and 11 of this Law.
(3) [19 December 2006]
(5) If a zone capital company or a licensed capital company, which has made investments in conformity with Section 1, Paragraph two, Clause 12 of this Law is liquidated or the assets purchased are alienated prior to the end of the time period referred to in Article 14(5) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014 or if it terminates the same or similar activity within two years after the investment project specified in the contract regarding making of investments is completed, as defined in Article 2(5) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014, in the European Economic Area, it shall perform a recalculation of direct taxes for the taxation periods in which direct tax rebates were applied, and shall pay into the budget an amount in respect of which as a result of the application of such rebate the taxes to be paid were reduced.
(6) If prior to the end of the time period referred to in Article 14(5) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014 a zone capital company or a licensed capital company is reorganised in conformity with Section 1, Paragraph fifteen, sixteen or seventeen of the Law On Enterprise Income Tax and its investments, which have been performed in accordance with Section 1, Paragraph two, Clause 12 of this Law transfers to the ownership of another capital company:
1) the reorganised (acquiring, acquired, to be acquired or to be divided) capital company has the right to apply the direct tax rebates specified in this Law in relation to the unused accrued rebate amount proportionate to the held or taken over amount of investment (the initial value of the investment shall be taken as the basis for the calculation thereof), if the reorganised capital company has acquired the status of a zone capital company or a licensed capital company under the following conditions:
a) the value of the held or taken over amount of investment of the reorganised capital company forms more than 75 per cent of the total investment value, which has been performed in accordance with Section 1, Paragraph two, Clause 12 of this Law,
b) the basic type of commercial activity of the reorganised capital company, which comprises at least 75 per cent of the net turnover of the capital company, conforms to the basic type of commercial activity of the capital company to be reorganised and is preserved during the activities on all permits to apply direct tax rebates,
c) the commercial activity of the reorganised capital company takes place in same territory of the special economic zone or free port in which the zone capital company or licensed capital company to be reorganised performed commercial activities prior to reorganisation;
2) which has not acquired the status of a zone capital company or a licensed capital company, the capital company to be reorganised shall perform a recalculation of direct taxes for the taxation periods in which direct tax rebates were applied, and shall pay into the budget an amount in respect of which as a result of the application of such rebate the taxes to be paid were reduced.
(7) In the cases referred to in Paragraph five and Paragraph six, Clause 2 of this Section, the reduced amount of direct taxes, which has been established as a result of the application of direct tax rebates, shall be deemed to be a late tax payment, and an increase in the basic debt and late fees shall be calculated for it according to the procedures laid down in the Law On Taxes and Fees.
[22 May 2003; 31 March 2004; 19 December 2006; 12 September 2013; 3 July 2014]
Section 8.1 Application of Tax Rebates to Large Investment Projects
(1) For the application of this Law the planned investment project of a zone capital company or licensed capital company, the amount of which exceeds 50 million euros, is considered a large investment project. The maximum permissible percentage laid down in Section 8, Paragraph one of this Law shall not be applied to a large investment project.
(2) Upon determining the amount of the planned investment project and the permissible percentage for application of tax rebates, all initial investments made by the capital company (at group level) within three years, which were made in the same Level III region of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) (single investment project), for making of which the capital company has received or is planning to receive aid, shall be taken into account.
(3) For large investment projects regardless of whether investments are made by a small, medium-sized or large capital company, the zone authority or free port authority shall determine the permissible percentage in the contract regarding making of investments, which may be reached by the amount of the direct tax rebates accumulated by a zone capital company or licensed capital company during a taxation period in relation to the accumulated amount of investment of the zone capital company or licensed capital company, in conformity with the following conditions:
1) 35 per cent of the accumulated amount of investments are applied to an investment project up to 50 million euros;
2) 17.5 per cent of the accumulated amount of investments are applied to a project part from 50 to 100 million euros;
3) 0 per cent of the accumulated amount of investments are applied to a project part, which exceed 100 million euros.
(4) The maximum amount of direct tax rebates applicable to large investment projects shall not exceed 26.25 million euros.
(5) For a large investment project, the planned costs of which exceed 100 million euros and the amount of direct tax rebates exceeds 26.25 million euros, the zone or free port authority may determine, in the contract regarding making of investments, the maximum applicable amount of direct tax rebates exceeding 26.25 million euros, if:
1) the Cabinet has taken a decision to support a large investment project and on the maximum applicable amount of direct tax rebates exceeding 26.25 million euros;
2) a decision of the European Commission has been received on compatibility of aid with the Common Market.
(6) In case of exceeding the amount of direct tax rebates specified in Paragraph five of this Section the Ministry of Transport shall submit the necessary information to the Cabinet. After a Cabinet decision is received, the Ministry of Transport shall submit a notification on State aid to the European Commission in accordance with the procedures laid down in the laws and regulations regarding control of aid to commercial activities.
Section 8.2 Combining of Tax Reliefs with Other Aid to Initial Investments
(1) If a zone capital company or licensed capital company, in addition to the aid laid down in this Law, receives or is planning to receive another aid for making initial investments for the same costs, then the maximum permissible percentage specified in Section 8, Paragraph one of this Law shall not be applied, but in the contract regarding making of investments the zone authority or free port authority shall determine the maximum permissible percentage for the investments provided for in the contract regarding making of investments.
(2) Upon determining the maximum permissible percentage, it must be ensured that as a result of combining aids the percentage applicable to the respective capital company does not exceed the permissible percentage laid down in Section 8, Paragraph one and Section 8.1, Paragraph three of this Law for application of tax reliefs.
(3) The restriction laid down in Paragraph one of this Section shall be taken into account in applying Section 10 and Section 11, Paragraph two of this Law.
Section 9. Conditions for the Application of Direct Tax Relief
(1) A zone capital company or a licensed capital company shall acquire the right to apply direct tax relief as of the taxation period in which permission to receive direct tax relief has been issued and the contract regarding making of investments is entered into.
(2) The right to apply direct tax relief shall terminate as of the taxation period in which the permission to apply direct tax relief is no longer in effect.
(3) The taxation period for enterprise income tax and immovable property tax for zone capital companies or licensed capital companies and a zone authority or free port authority is the calendar year. The first taxation period may be shorter than a calendar year but may not be longer than 12 months.
Section 10. Procedures for the Application of Enterprise Tax Rebate
If the accumulated amount of direct tax rebates together with the immovable property tax rebate for a taxation period as prescribed in Section 6, Paragraphs one and two of this Law exceeds the percentages specified in Section 8, Paragraph one, Clauses 1, 2 and 3, Section 8.1, Paragraph three or Section 8.2, Paragraphs one and two of this Law respectively of the accumulated amount of investments, the immovable property tax rebate for a taxation period shall be reduced by the amount exceeded, and the zone capital company or licensed capital company shall pay immovable property tax in the amount equal to the immovable property tax rebate reduction.
[22 May 2003; 19 December 2006; 3 June 2014]
Section 11. Application of Enterprise Income Tax Rebates
(1) If a zone capital company or licensed capital company, in calculating the immovable property tax rebates prescribed in Section 6, Paragraphs one and two of this Law, has applied Section 10 of this Law, it is not entitled to apply the enterprise income tax rebate as prescribed in Section 7 of this Law.
(2) If the accumulated amount of direct tax rebates and the tax rebates applied within the taxation period in accordance with Section 6, Paragraphs one and two of this Law, and the rebates calculated in accordance with Paragraph one of Section 7 together exceeds the percentages specified in Section 8, Paragraph one, Clauses 1, 2 and 3, Section 8.1, Paragraph three or Section 8.2, Paragraphs one and two of this Law respectively of the accumulated amount of investments of a zone capital company or a licensed capital company, the enterprise income tax rebate calculated for the taxation period shall be reduced by the amount exceeded.
(3) In the case mentioned in Paragraph two of this Section, the reduction of advance payments made by the zone capital company or the licensed capital company in the taxation period, which is calculated as the difference between the advance payments, which should be calculated by applying the tax rebate in accordance with the restrictions prescribed in Paragraph two of this Section, and the advance payments calculated in accordance with Section 7, Paragraph two of this Law, shall be considered as a delayed tax payment for which the increase in the basic tax debt and delayed payment amount shall calculated in accordance with the procedures prescribed in the Law On Taxes and Fees.
Section 12. Provision of Information Regarding the Application of Direct Tax Rebates
(1) The following information shall be submitted to the State Revenue Service:
1) by a zone capital company or licensed capital company, which applies direct tax rebates, concurrently with the annual account of companies within the time period laid down in the Law On Annual Accounts:
a) a report on the application of the enterprise income tax rebate in the taxation period,
b) information regarding other aid received for making of initial investments, including de minimis aid, granted for making of initial investments for the same eligible costs, and a report on the accumulated amount of direct tax rebates and accumulated amount of investments;
2) by a local government by 1 May of the post-taxation year - a report on the application of immovable property tax rebates in the taxation period.
(2) Submission of the reports and information referred to in Paragraph one of this Section, sample forms and the procedures for filling out thereof shall be determined by the Cabinet.
(3) The State Revenue Service shall submit the information as laid down in Article 9(1)(c) and 9(2) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014 to the zone authority and free port authority by 1 October of the post-taxation year.
(4) A zone authority or a free port authority shall submit, by 1 March of the post-taxation year, to the State Revenue Service, the local government, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Finance information regarding zone capital companies or licensed capital companies:
1) which have been issued permission to apply direct tax relief within the taxation period;
2) with which a new contract regarding making of investments has been entered into in the taxation period, indicating the sum total of investments, the time periods of investments, the maximum applicable amount of direct tax rebates, the aid percentage applicable to investments determined in conformity with the conditions of Section 8, Paragraph one, Section 8.1 or Section 8.2, Paragraphs one and two of this Law;
3) whose issued permission to apply direct tax relief within the taxation period is no longer in effect;
4) which discontinue commercial activity or whose activity has terminated in accordance with the Commercial Law.
(5) A zone authority or free port authority shall, on the basis of a request from the State Revenue Service, local government, the Ministry of Transport or the Ministry of Finance, submit a copy of the contract regarding making of investments entered into between it and a zone capital company or a licensed capital company and the annex to the contract - the planned investment schedule.
(6) A zone capital company or licensed capital company, after 1 March of the post-taxation year, shall inform the zone authority or free port authority regarding the year when it last applied direct tax rebates in accordance with the conditions of this Law.
Section 12.1 Storage of Information Regarding the Application of Direct Tax Rebates
(1) A zone capital company or a licensed capital company, which receives direct tax rebates within the scope of this Law, shall store data regarding the investments made and the direct tax rebates received for 10 years from the year when direct tax rebates were applied by the zone capital company or licensed capital company for the last time in accordance with the conditions of this Law.
(2) The State Revenue Service and the local government shall store reports on the application of direct tax rebates in the taxation period, which were received in accordance with Section 12, Paragraph one of this Law, for 10 years from the year when direct tax rebates were applied by the zone capital company or licensed capital company for the last time in accordance with the conditions of this Law.
(3) A zone authority or a free port authority shall store contracts entered into with a commercial company regarding making of investments for 10 years from the year when direct tax rebates were applied by the zone capital company or licensed capital company for the last time in accordance with the conditions of this Law.
Section 12.2 Publishing of Information Regarding the Application of Direct Tax Rebates
A zone authority or free port authority shall publish information on its website in accordance with Article 9(1), (2) and (4) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014. Information shall be published in conformity with the requirements laid down in Annexes II and III to Commission Regulation No 651/2014.
Section 12.3 Control of the Amount of Tax Reliefs Applied
(1) In order to ensure the carrying out of the restriction laid down in Article 1(2)(a) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014, the State Revenue Service shall, by 1 October of the post-taxation year, inform the Ministry of Transport whether the total amount of direct tax rebates applied in the taxation period in accordance with this Law exceeds the restrictions for annual expenses of State aid laid down in Article 1(2)(a) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014.
(2) In case of exceeding the restriction for annual expenses of State aid laid down in Article 1(2)(a) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014 the Ministry of Transport shall, within 20 working days after information from the State Revenue Service has been received, submit an evaluation plan to the European Commission.
Section 13. Performance of State Social Insurance Payments
Section 14. Legal Basis for Providing Aid
Within the framework of this Law aid shall be provided in accordance with Chapter III, Section 1 "Regional Aid" of Commission Regulation (EC) No 651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty (Text with EEA relevance) (published in the European Union Official Journal L187/1, 26.6.2014.).
1. For construction services provided to a zone capital company or a licensed capital company, a free port authority or a zone authority by a person who is registered as a value added tax payer in the free zone, the value added tax shall be applied at a rate of 0 per cent until 30 April 2004. A value added tax shall be applied at a rate of 0 per cent until 30 April 2004 also for those construction services, which a tax payer provides to a free port authority or a zone authority outside the territory of the free zones.
[22 May 2003; 19 December 2006]
2. Permissions to apply direct tax relief that are issued to zone capital companies up to 31 December 2001 shall be considered to be in effect.
3. As of 1 January 2003, the restrictions on the application of direct tax rebates as prescribed in this Law shall be applied to zone capital companies which have acquired the status of a zone capital company by 31 December 2001 and which have been issued permission by 31 December 2001 to apply direct tax relief, and to Rīga Free Port licensed capital companies.
4. Section 6 of this Law shall not apply to licensed capital companies, which have been issued a licence by the Free Port of Ventspils Authority up to the day of the coming into force of this Law.
5. Capital companies in the Liepāja Special Economic Zone and the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone which until the day of the coming into force of this Law have calculated the depreciation of fixed assets utilised for economic activities for the purposes of calculating enterprise income tax on the basis of rates which are different from those prescribed in the Law On Enterprise Income Tax, in relation to fixed assets which have been acquired up to the day of the coming into force of this Law, until the final writing off of the relevant fixed asset or fixed asset category depreciation shall continue to apply the previously applied fixed asset depreciation rates. Fixed assets utilised in economic activity, which are acquired after the day of the coming into force of this Law, the writing off of depreciation shall be performed in accordance with the general procedures specified in the Law On Enterprise Income Tax.
6. The direct tax relief provided for in Sections 6-13 of this Law for a licensed capital company and port authority is entitled to be applied to such investments as are performed up to 31 December 2035 (inclusive) not exceeding the permissible State aid intensity specified in this Law and contract regarding making of investments for the accumulated direct tax relief in relation to the amount of accumulated investments.
[22 May 2003; 19 December 2006; 4 April 2013; 3 June 2014]
7. [3 July 2014]
8. [4 April 2013]
9. Up to 31 December 2003, a zone capital company or a licensed capital company which pays the immovable property tax for buildings and constructions shall calculate the amount of tax to be paid into the budget for the taxation year, taking into account the rebates specified in Section 6, Paragraphs one and two of this Law, as well as the procedures for the application of immovable property tax rebates specified in Section 10 of this Law.
[22 May 2003]
10. [31 March 2004]
11. Amendments to Section 1, Paragraph two of this Law (the terms used in this Law in relation to the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone) shall come into force simultaneously with the relevant amendments to the Rēzekne Special Economic Zone Law.
12. Section 3 of this Law shall come into force on 1 July 2005.
13. A zone capital company or a licensed capital company, which operates in the fishery sector referred to in Annex 5 to this Law, after 1 January 2007 shall continue to apply the direct tax rebates for investments, which were made up to 31 December 2006, in accordance with the norms of the Law, which were in force up to 31 December 2006.
14. A zone capital company or a licensed capital company, which operates in the fishery sector referred to in Annex 5 to this Law, after 1 January 2007 shall continue to apply the direct tax rebates for investments, which were made after 1 January 2007 in accordance with a contract regarding the making of investments, which was entered into between the zone authority and the zone capital company or the free port authority and the licensed capital company up to 31 December 2006. In order that the capital company operating in the fishery sector may receive tax rebates for the investments made after 1 January 2007, the entered into contract must precisely indicate the investment plan, the amounts of investment and the time periods in which the investments shall be made. Direct tax rebates for investments, which are made after 1 January 2007 shall be applied in accordance the norms of the Law, which were in force up to 31 December 2006.
15. A zone capital company or a licensed capital company which has not entered into an agreement with a zone authority or free port authority in accordance with Section 1, Paragraph two, Clause 13 of this Law, shall apply to the investments actually made until 31 December 2013 the interest rate referred to in Section 8 of this Law until the taxation period when the maximum amount of the interest rate of the accumulated investment amount applicable to the capital company determined in the agreement is reached.
[4 April 2013]
16. Amendments shall be made to contracts regarding making of investments entered into until 30 June 2014, determining the amount of the maximum direct tax rebates applicable to investments provided for in the contract in relation to the accumulated amount of investments.
17. Amendments to Section 1, Paragraph two, Clause of this Law in relation to deletion of the words "and the special procedure for making State social insurance payments", amendments to Section 2, Paragraph two, the title of Chapter III and in relation to deletion of Section 13 shall come into force on 1 September 2014.
Informative Reference to Commission Regulations
Aid within the scope of this Law shall be provided in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No 1628/2006 of 24 October 2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty to national regional investment aid (published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, L302, 1.11.2006, p. 29).
[31 March 2004; 19 December 2006]
This Law shall come into force on 1 January 2002.
This Law has been adopted by the Saeima on 27 July 2001.
President V. Vīķe-Freiberga
Rīga, 10 August 2001
Law On the Application of Taxes in
Free Ports and Special Economic Zones
Transport Sector Capital Companies
Steel Industry Sector Capital Companies
Synthetic Fibre Manufacturing Sector Capital Companies
Agricultural Sector Capital Companies
Fishery Sector Capital Companies
Coal Industry Sector Capital Companies
Ship Building Sector Capital Companies
Within the meaning of this Law, ship building sector capital companies are capital companies, which perform:
1. Ship building, repair or reconstruction, where:
1) the ship building is the building of self-propelled seaborne trade ships;
2) the ship repair is the repair or renewal of self-propelled seaborne trade ships;
3) the ship reconstruction is the reconstruction of such self-propelled seaborne trade ships the gross tonnage of which is not less than 1000 tons, on the condition, that the reconstruction includes significant changes to the cargo plan, hull, engine system or passenger accommodation;
4) self-propelled seaborne trade ships are:
a) ships the gross tonnage of which is not less than 100 tons and which are utilised for the carriage of passengers and/or goods,
b) ships, which provide special services (for example, dredgers and ice-breakers) the gross tonnage of which is not less than 100 tons,
c) tugs the capacity of which is not less than 365 kW,
d) fishing vessels the gross tonnage of which is not less than 100 tons, and
e) the unfinished hulls of the ships referred to in Clauses "a", "b", "c" and "d" of this Paragraph, which are floating and movable; and
5) a self-propelled seaborne ship is a ship, which in utilising its propulsion and control, has all the characteristics in order that it may be suitable for independent navigation at sea.
2. The ship building, repair and reconstruction of warships (ships, which in accordance with their construction characteristics and abilities are specially intended for utilisation only for military purposes, for example, warships and other ships for attack or defence) and other ships intended for utilisation for military purposes, on the condition, that the activities performed on such ships are not hidden activities, which are performed for the benefit of trade ship building.
Information to be Provided to the Zone Authority or Free Port Authority for Entering into an Contract Regarding Making of Investments
1. Name, registration number of the capital company, registration number, contact information of the taxpayer.
2. The zone authority or free port authority to which the application was submitted.
3. Level III region of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), in which investments will be made.
4. Title of the investment project.
5. Description of the planned initial investments, indicating whether investments are planned in relation to:
a) the establishment of a new capital company;
b) the increase in the production or service capacity of an existing capital company;
c) the diversification of the production of an existing capital company with products, which have not been previously produced in the capital company;
d) essential change in production processes of a capital company.
6. Amount of the planned initial investments (euro).
7. Initial date of the planned initial investments.
8. End date of the planned initial investments.
9. In relation to other initial investment projects commenced by the capital company, for implementation of which aid is received, including de minimis aid, the following information shall be indicated:
a) title of the project;
b) Level III region of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), in which investments will be made;
c) investment objects and their relation to the planned investments for receipt of tax reliefs;
d) the maximum aid interest rate applied;
e) amount of investments (euro);
f) initial and end date of making investments;
g) legal basis for providing aid (law, Cabinet regulation, etc.);
h) date of the decision of the institution providing aid to assign aid.
10. In relation to other planned initial investment projects of the capital company, for implementation of which it is planned to receive aid, including de minimis aid, the following information shall be provided:
11. In relation to other performed and completed initial investment projects of the capital company, for implementation of which aid was received, including de minimis aid, the following information shall be provided:
b) Level III region of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), in which investments were made;
g) legal basis for providing aid (law, Cabinet regulation, etc.).
12. If the capital company provides the information referred to in Paragraphs 9, 10 and 11 of this Annex, it shall be indicated whether the initial investment projects implemented and planned by the capital company do not qualify as a single investment project as defined in Section 8.1, Paragraph two of this Law.
13. The planned aid interest for application of tax reliefs (determined in accordance with Section 8, Paragraph one, Section 8.1, Paragraph three or Section 8.2, Paragraphs one and two of this Law).
14. Status of the capital company at the time of submitting the project application as defined in Annex I to Commission Regulation No 651/2014 large, medium-sized or small capital company).
15. Confirmation of the capital company that it will ensure financial investment in the amount of at least 25 per cent from the total investment project costs provided for in the contract regarding making of investments, for which State aid has not been received, that is, financing in the amount of at least 25 per cent from own economic resources or external financial resources, for which no public aid has been received, including State or local government guarantee or State or local government loan with preferential conditions has not been received.
16. Taking into account the sectoral restrictions laid down in Section 5, Paragraph four of this Law, the goods manufactured or services provided within the scope of the investment project shall be determined according to PRODCOM/NACE/CPA (CPA - in case of service projects) classifications where:
PRODCOM - production statistics for mining and manufacturing products;
NACE - general classification of economic activities;
CPA - Statistical Classification of Products by Activity of the European Union.
17. Confirmation that investments will remain in the respective district for at least five years (or in case or small or medium-sized capital companies - three years) since their making.
18. Confirmation of the capital company that an order regarding recovery of unlawfully assigned aid according to a previous decision of the capital company does not apply to the capital company.
19. Information that the capital company does not conform to the status of a capital company in difficulty in accordance with Article 2(18) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014.
20. Confirmation that the capital company has not commenced and will not commence making of investments prior to entering into effect of the contract regarding making of an investment.
21. If within the scope of this Law tax reliefs are planned to be joined with other aid to investments, confirmation of the capital company that making of investments has not been commenced.
22. Confirmation that the capital company, within two years prior to submitting the application for entering into a contract regarding making of investments, has not completed the same or similar activity as defined in Article 2(50) of Commission Regulation No 651/2014, in the European Economic Area and the capital company does not have specific plans to terminate such activity within two years after the investment project determined in the contract regarding making of investments is completed.
1 The Parliament of the Republic of Latvia
Translation © 2015 Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre)
in force Issuer: Saeima Type: law Adoption: 27.07.2001.Entry into force: 01.01.2002.Theme: Taxes and dutiesPublication: Latvijas Vēstnesis, 117, 10.08.2001.; Latvijas Republikas Saeimas un Ministru Kabineta Ziņotājs, 17, 06.09.2001.
Changes legal status of
Legal basis of
Annotation / draft legal act
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With rising energy costs, running your home (and beating the chill) can really bite into your budget. And while you hear promises of how a solar panel system can cut your costs, there's a lot of things that can go wrong if you don't plan and design the system to ensure it offers you what you need in the long-term.
'Everyone is rushing into the solar energy space, and unfortunately this means there are a lot of unscrupulous suppliers giving false promises and inferior systems. These include poor quality product, poor quality of system design, and poor quality of installation. These result in solutions that are not sustainable, do not last, do not offer the ROI available and the result is that the industry and solar as a whole get a poor rep, when the reality is that solar is a proven technology that has huge benefits for clients if done correctly,' says Chris Brown, director of Solterra Cape Town/West Coast. So, what should you look out for when you're on the hunt for a supplier?
Firstly are they members of any associations, such as The South African Photovoltaic Industry Association (SAPVIA) or the Sustainable Energy Society (SESSA). They will not only have vetted the supplier and ensure they adhere to industry standards, but will have your back if things go awry.
Secondly ask for references from previous clients and ensure they part of a larger organisation rather than a stand alone independent. It is always prudent to go with a company part of something larger – head office accountability is a must. It should also mean that they have been through comprehensive training on installation as well as design. 'This is where our clients benefit most by Solterra Cape/West Coast being part of a larger countrywide network of 27 owner managed franchises guided and managed through a head office. The lessons learnt from over 12 000 systems installed nationally are invaluable when it comes to our service and installations,' says Brown.
Through an energy audit, energy-hungry appliances and poor energy behaviour patterns can be identified. 'This helps identify savings for clients, but also assists in us building a solar solution which is truly customised to your energy demands and prevent building oversized systems,' says Brown.
You don't want to get bogged down with jargon you don't understand, but by asking this question you will ensure your supplier has a truly strategic approach to your installation – it's not a one-size-fits-all business. Without a technical design, no one will know or understand what the goals are from the installation, and how the system will set out to achieve these goals. It also shows a lack of competence should a design not be forthcoming.
'Renewable Energy System Design is very much determined on a case-by-case basis. The detailed information gained by energy audits, architectural constraints, property orientation, available roof space and alignment, client preferences, financial constraints, solar system types and many more factors all play a part in the final design,' says Brown.
#4 What packages do they offer?
Ideally you want an ongoing maintenance and services package. Solar systems need regular maintenance to ensure they last and work optimally. Services also allow for early fault finding (e.g. water quality might be different) and this will ensure that action can be taken, which will ensure the life of the system. 'Life is important as it allows clients to maximise savings as there is no reinvestment required. To make it easy on our clients, we offer a long-term periodic maintenance programme to visit the installation as per the manufacturer's recommendations. We carry out a complete inspection, ensure all components are correctly installed, test the functionality of the system, make any small adjustments required to optimise the overall performance and do general maintenance as required,' says Brown.
#5 What's the REAL return on investment?
Time for some number crunching. Some suppliers will promise that your energy savings will balance out the investment cost over time, but what good is that to you if the life span of the system is only 5 years? 'Guarantees vary according to product, but due to the fact Solterra Cape/ West Coast only supplies Tier 1 products, the lifespan on certain products will be guaranteed up to 20 years. Hardware and software products used in our designs are of the highest quality. All products have the longest expected lifespan in the market and meet, or exceed international and local legislative requirements,' explains Brown. Ensure that you have a full bill of materials listed in your PV quotation so there are no hidden costs that may be billed at a later stage of the installation, he recommends.
CHRIS BROWN (+27 21 422 3539, chris@solterracape.co.za) or PETE STEIJNBERG (+27 21 422 3539, pete@solterracape.co.za), and for more information visit www.solterracape.co.za.


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text:
I Made Something Happen
31 Mar, 2016 by Christian Mohn · Read in about 2 min (239 words)
Change EVRY Proact Role
I think Seth Godin might have been onto something with «Make something happen», so I did.
Today was my last day at EVRY. Some might already have been aware of this, mostly because of Hoff-Job-Announcement-as-a-Service, but also because of my own tweet as I left the EVRY offices in Bergen as an employee for the last time:
So long and thanks for all the fish. pic.twitter.com/ur0wKjORDW
— Christian Mohn™ (@h0bbel) March 31, 2016
The decision to leave EVRY was not an easy one, but it was time to try something else. I have nothing but respect for both company and my now former colleagues and I'm certain EVRY will continue it's mission to become the Nordic IT champion, and I'm also certain they will succeed.
My new role is as a _Senior Systems Architect _for Proact IT Norge, with a focus on VMware's SDDC stack. What that really means, remains to be defined, but I'm excited to start this new endeavour and be given an opportunity to help Proact **design the data centres of the future. **Proact recently also won a Global VMware Innovation Award for 2016, so I guess I'm at the right place at the right time when I now join #teamproact.
So, in the words of Jake and Elwood:
Elwood: It's 106 miles to Chicago, we got a full tank of gas, half a pack of cigarettes, it's dark... and we're wearing sunglasses.
Jake: Hit it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'd say this has been probably the most impactful three years of my life, and through it all, I've had the book community at my back. But....this year, trying to juggle both jobs was more difficult than I ever expected, and I had to take an unexpected and unannounced break from the blog. Sure, I missed talking to you guys about books, but I was still doing that on Twitter only minus the stress of formatting and sounding "official" or whatever and page views and unique visitors and HTML and images and all that other stuff that will occasionally make you go insane. It's not exactly that I lost sight of the blog, but I felt like the blog wasn't what I wanted it to be. I was tired and facing an extreme bout of depression. Taking a mental breather was good.
Eventually I fell in love with ya again (2015 marked an upswing in the number of new adult and romance titles I read and a severe decrease in ya), and then I missed blogging more than I was glad to be taking a break. Hence, my glorious return! Huzzah! Seriously, it's good to be back. But now, rather than posting every day because I feel like I have to, even if I don't have anything unique or interesting to say, I have no problem waiting a few days. Suddenly I am made of chill when it comes to the blog, rather than being an obsessive weirdo. It was not a good look for me.
Ironically, though, the blog/my platform did hit a couple really amazing milestones statistically. During my break, I reached 100,000 total page views and in November, I reached 3,000 Twitter followers. You can't live and die or blog by stats, but I remember how excited I was when I hit 1,000 page views overall (it took four months) and how excited I was when I hit 1,000 page views in a month (it took another two months) and how excited I was when I hit 1,000 page views on a post (it took.... several months more). Those numbers are not indicative of the quality of anything, but.... it's still cool to think that sometimes I have something to say and people are listening (because even all the times I've looked at my blog while messing with the format or whatever doesn't equal 100,000 worth of hits).
So thank you guys for sticking in there with me. Thanks for reading and commenting and subscribing and sharing!
PS Totally going to do some giveaways this month. Just fyi.
Your blog is only weeks older than mine. CONGRATULATIONS! You are a trooper for sticking it out through so many changes. Happu blogoversary (and here's to many more!).


Maximise your capacity and control by intelligently managing your expanding radio subscriber base with Hytera's digital DMR or TETRA systems.
Marrying our cutting-edge two-way radios and advanced repeater technology with powerful Hytera applications delivers the ultimate professional communication system. All Hytera systems can be developed around you. You may be looking for a simple handset and repeaters combination with RFID tags and Patrol software to manage your security team, or a mixed radio technology fleet across a wide area network with a comprehensive all-in-one dispatch solution.
Whatever your unique requirement, we offer a cost-effective system that's built around you. Our innovative and scalable design - in line with ETSI standards - will ensure that your people can communicate instantly whenever, wherever. Work through our systems hardware or application software to browse the options across DMR and TETRA, then speak with one of our Hytera Partners to determine the ideal solution for your application.


text:
Viljoen is an Afrikaans surname, derived from the French Villion. It was brought to South Africa in 1671 by French Huguenots who subsequently intermarried with the local Dutch population.
The progenitors of the extended Viljoen clan are François Villion (born Clermont, Île-de-France, France) and Cornelia Campenaar (born in Middelburg, Zeeland, Netherlands). Married in the Cape of Good Hope, they later farmed for a living near Stellenbosch. Some of their descendants include:

Annari Viljoen (born 1987), South African Olympic badminton player
Barend Viljoen (born 1908), South African military commander
Ben Viljoen (born 1869), South African military commander
Bronwyn Law-Viljoen, South African writer, editor, publisher and professor
Christi Viljoen (born 1987), Namibian cricketer
Christo Viljoen (born 1937). South African academic, engineer, genealogist
Colin Viljoen (born 1948), South African born former English international footballer
Dirk Viljoen (born 1977), former cricketer
Constand Viljoen (1933–2020), former South African military commander and politician
Gerrit Viljoen (born 1926), former South African government minister
Hardus Viljoen (born 1989), South African cricketer
Irene van Dyk, née Viljoen (born 1972), South African and New Zealand international netballer
Joggie Viljoen (born 1945), South African rugby union footballer
Joggie Viljoen (born 1976), South African rugby union footballer
Johannes Viljoen (1904–1976), South African Olympic track and field athlete
Jurie Viljoen (born 1942), Namibian politician
Ken Viljoen (1910–1974), South African cricketer and cricket manager
Lettie Viljoen, pseudonym of the South African author Ingrid Winterbach
Marais Viljoen (1915–2007), ceremonial State President of South Africa
Nik Viljoen, New Zealand international football (soccer) player
Sunette Viljoen (born 1983), South African javelin thrower
Willem Viljoen (born 1987), South African Olympic badminton player, brother of Annari

References

Surnames of French origin
Afrikaans-language surnames

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Leopardstown Golf Centre has been a permanent and important aspect of Irish golf since the 1960's, when it was created in conjunction with John Jacobs, one of the father figures of golf in the modern era and acknowledged as one of the finest teachers in the golfing world. For over four decades it has served as Ireland's premier golf practice and tuition centre, providing thousands of golfers of all ages with their first introduction to the game side by side with club golfers striving for game improvement. It also offers accomplished golfers an ideal environment for honing their skills away from the hustle and bustle of the competitive arena. Indeed, the hard work involved in winning championships on the domestic scene is often done under floodlights during winter evenings at the Leopardstown centre.


text:
RaptorsHQ Rapid Recap: Los Angeles Lakers 94 - Toronto Raptors 92
By Scott Campsall Feb 12, 2012, 6:48pm EST
Share All sharing options for: RaptorsHQ Rapid Recap: Los Angeles Lakers 94 - Toronto Raptors 92
-This game truly was a heartbreaker for the Dinos. It came down to the final minutes where Kobe Bryant made not one, but two huge plays to put his team up in the dying second. The Raptors, however had two opportunities to tie the game or take the lead; the first came with 4.2 seconds, but Rasual Butler was called for a controversial 5 second violation despite attempting to call a time out. The Raptors again had the opportunity to tie the game on the final possessions but got only an airball from DeMar DeRozan.
-The Raptors first quarter woes continued as they dropped the opening quarter 34-19, a lead which would eventually prove insurmountable despite the Raptors beating the Lakers in each of the subsequent quarters.
-Although this will ultimately go down as a loss for the Raptors, they showed some fight, coming back from 18 down in the first half to eventually lead the game by 4 in the fourth quarter. Following the Raptors lethargic play in the first quarter, Dwayne Caser inserted Jamaal Magloire into the lineup in the second quarter and it completely changed the tone of the game. Magloire's tough play on the interior sparked a Raptors run that saw them close the 18 point gap to just 8 by halftime.
-Jose Calderon had an unbelievable game for the Dinos, scoring a career high 30 points and grabbing 6 assists. Calderon anchored the Raptors' O all night and made some big plays down the stretch including a three-pointer to put his team up 4 with less than two minutes to play, and a jumper that put the Raptors up 1 with 16 seconds remaining.
-The bench performance was crucial for the Raptors again in this one. The Raptors' bench vastly out played the Lakers' for a 43-24 bench scoring advantage. Linas Kleiza led all bench players in scoring with 15, while Barbosa added 12 and Ed Davis finished with 9 points and 8 rebounds. Jamaal Magloire also had 7 rebounds and a block in 15 minutes of work.
-On the Lakers' side of things Kobe Bryant shook off a spotty shooting night to make some big baskets--including the game winner--when it counted for the Lakers. Bryant lead his team in scoring with 27 points. Pau Gasol was also big, grabbing a game high 17 rebounds and dishing out a team high 6 assists to go along with his modest 16 point scoring output. Andrew Bynum also pitched in with 14 points and 9 rebounds.
-As has been the story a number of times this season, the Raptors put out a strong effort for the majority of the game, but still came away with the loss. This wont help the Dinos in the win-loss column, but it was an entertaining game that will not have a negative effect their lottery chances--a minor victory for those rooting for a better pick in the draft come season's end.


It's a feeling that's all too common for those who enjoy exercising; you're going through a routine you've done dozens of times, only to find that it seems so much harder than before. If you haven't taken any time away from your exercise regimen but don't seem to be able to complete activities as easily as before, it might be a sign that your body hasn't been functioning on all cylinders. Changes to your diet and sleep habits could be the culprit. Should the issues persist, consult with your physician and call Lonoke Physical Therapy to speak with a physical therapist. They'll help make sure your body is working better than ever.


The Wise Winery Half Marathon on Sunday, 27 April 2014 is part of the R2R Sports Half Marathon series and also includes a 10km race.
This event is not returning in 2015.
The location of this event will take your breath away as it takes you on a journey through the roads and trails of beautiful Eagle Bay / Meelup National Park. Enjoy the spectacular ocean views as you run from Wise Winery on this part road, part trail course.
This event is based at Wise Winery.
This listing was last manually checked on 21 August 2018.


Access all our practical employment law resources for CIPD members, including Q&A scenarios, case law and factsheets.
Access all our practical employment law resources, including Q&A scenarios, case law and factsheets.
All of the resources are for members only.


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Ontario Teachers' to Absorb More Risk?
By Leo Kolivakis February 26, 2013
Tara Perkins of the Globe and Mail reports, Deal will let Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan shoulder more investing risk:
The Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan is aiming to be more aggressive in its portfolio, its CEO says, after the provincial government and teachers' union struck an unusual deal to tackle the plan's deficit.
"It lowers our risk profile quite substantially, from the board's perspective, such that we can absorb a little more risk in our investment strategy," Teachers' chief executive officer Jim Leech said in an interview Monday. That might mean, for example, new flexibility to bolster investments in emerging markets, do more private equity deals, or put more of its money into stocks.
Mr. Leech has been frustrated because, just as the pension plan needs to boost investment returns, chronic deficits over the past decade have forced it to maintain a highly conservative investment profile. That has meant restricting equities to 45 per cent of its portfolio, a lower weighting than most pension funds.
But the fund's co-sponsors, the Ontario government and the Ontario Teachers' Federation, have agreed to eliminate the guaranteed inflation protection that is paid on benefits to plan members, a move that will wipe out the plan's $9.6-billion deficit (as of Jan. 1, 2012).
The province and union have also agreed to study ways to put a permanent stop to the fund's deficits, research that will likely look at the balance between the number of years that teachers work and the number of years that they receive benefits. In 1990, teachers worked, on average, for 29 years and received retirement benefits for 25 years; by 2011, they worked for 26 years and drew pensions for 30 years. The profession skews toward women and tends to be healthy, resulting in long life expectancy.
The province and union reached the agreement to eliminate the deficit more than two weeks ago but it has remained under the public radar as Queen's Park settles back in after a leadership change. One of the main issues the province has been contending with is contract negotiations with the teachers, in the wake of a bitter dispute that erupted when former premier Dalton McGuinty prohibited teachers from striking last fall and then imposed new contracts on them early last month.
"It is difficult; teachers did take a reduction in benefits, but I think that ensures the sustainability of the pension plan and weathers the storm created by low interest rates and changing demographics," Terry Hamilton, president of the Ontario Teachers' Federation, said in an interview. "The times didn't help the situation but it shows how we continue to work effectively with the government."
Mr. Leech says the agreement is one of the most significant of its kind in the industry. "Pension plans have to evolve," he said. "Plans have to show that they can evolve to the new reality, and I think what these two sponsors have done – the government and the teachers – is shown that they can make that evolution."
Former finance minister Dwight Duncan made it clear last spring that Teachers' pension deficit would have to be tackled through benefit reductions, rather than contribution increases, since the province matches what teachers pay into the plan.
The government and union have agreed to numerous measures over the years to eliminate deficits, and the guaranteed inflation protection had already been cut from 100 per cent to 50 per cent.
But Mr. Leech says the changes should have a more permanent impact this time, characterizing this agreement as "a dramatic move." While the goal will still be to pay inflation protection, the need to do so is removed entirely.
"It provides us with a tool to absorb some hiccups, if there are any, because you can float the inflation protection up and down," Mr. Leech said, adding that the sponsors have "invoked it such that, going forward, 45 per cent will be paid until further notice." That will take effect at the start of 2015, Mr. Hamilton said.
While Teachers has not yet disclosed its 2012 annual results, Mr. Leech said it has informed the co-sponsors that, since interest rates fell further during the year, the fund is likely to report a small deficit as of the start of this year – in the neighborhood of 97-per-cent or 98-per-cent funded, he said. "But it will be much smaller … and it is easily handled," he said.
Looks like the Oracle of Ontario has done it again, striking a deal with its stakeholders to shoulder more investment risk. This is important because given historic low bond yields, Ontario Teachers' and other pension plans dealing with chronic deficits of the past decade need to absorb more investment risk to meet their actuarial target rate of return.
And unlike others, Ontario Teachers' uses a discount rate of 5.4% to determine the value of future liabilities, the lowest discount rate in Canada and among the lowest in the world. The demographics of their plan is the reason why they use such a low discount rate but some experts have told me the discount rate they use is extremely conservative, overstating their liabilities and understating their funded status.
Nonetheless, Ontario Teachers' recently posted an update on their website going over the agreement reached to keep Teachers' plan on sound financial footing and how the change in inflation protection has small impact on recent retirees.
Keep in mind, Ontario Teachers', OMERS and HOOPP manage assets and liabilities. They are pension plans, not pension funds, so they need to carefully consider the macroeconomic environment and figure out ways to best match assets and liabilities.
As discussed yesterday, OMERS' ultimate strategy is to shift almost half their assets into private markets, which they will manage internally, to boost returns. Ontario Teachers' has a somewhat more diversified asset mix, which includes significant investments in internal absolute return strategies and external hedge funds.
Teacher's states the following in their asset mix overview:
We use bond repurchase agreements to fund investments in all asset classes because it is cost effective and allows us to retain our economic exposure to government bonds. For efficiency reasons, we also use derivatives to gain passive exposure to global equity and commodity indices in lieu of buying the actual securities. Derivative contracts and bond repurchase agreements have played a large part in our investment program since the early 1990s.
In addition, absolute return strategies enable us to earn positive returns that are uncorrelated to other asset groups. We employ these strategies internally to capitalize on market inefficiencies and we complement our own activity by using external hedge fund managers. The use of external hedge funds provides us with access to unique approaches that augment performance and diversify risk.
As previously stated in my comment on the Oracle of Ontario, HOOPP and Teachers' both use derivatives and repos extensively but there are key differences in their approach:
HOOPP does almost everything internally while Teachers' will often use external managers for investment activities they can't replicate internally. Both funds use repos extensively, leveraging up their stock and bond portfolios, saving millions in the process (instead of having some custodian do it off balance sheet, charging them insane fees).
The big difference, however, is Ontario Teachers' takes directional leverage whereas HOOPP doesn't (repos are matched by money market instruments, not invested in hedge funds, private equity and real estate). I have heard figures that Teachers' is leveraged up to 50%, which works well in good years, but goes against them in bad years like 2008, when they crashed and burned.
What will be interesting to see is whether the ability to increase investment risk will mean a cut in the directional leverage they take. Doubt it will but they have the right governance to oversee these risks.
One thing Teachers' did after the 2008 crisis is change compensation for senior managers to decrease 'blowup risk'. I discussed this recently in a comment on excessive risk-taking at public pension funds.
The other thing Ontario Teachers' did after 2008 was take a hard look at how they manage liquidity risk. Ron Mock, Senior VP, Fixed Income and Alternative Investments at Teachers', told me they manage it a lot more tightly, always looking ahead 18 to 24 months.
On this topic, Jim Keohane, President and CEO of Healthcare of Ontario Pension Plan (HOOPP), shared these wise insights with me in a recent comment on pensions taking on too much illiquidity risk:
I find this whole discussion quite interesting. Private assets are just as volatile as public assets. When private assets are sold the main valuation methodology for determining the appropriate price is public market comparables, so you would be kidding yourself if you thought that private market valuations are materially different than their public market comparables. Just because you don't mark private assets to market every day doesn't make them less volatile, it just gives you the illusion of lack of volatility.
Another important element which seems to get missed in these discussions is the value of liquidity. At different points in time having liquidity in your portfolio can be extremely valuable. One only needs to look back to 2008 to see the benefits of having liquidity. If you had the liquidity to position yourself on the buy side of some of the distressed selling which happened in 2008 and early 2009, you were able to pick up some unbelievable bargains.
Moving into illiquid assets increases the risk of the portfolio and causes you to forgo opportunities that arise from time to time when distressed selling occurs - in fact it may cause you to be the distressed seller! Liquidity is a very valuable part of your portfolio both from a risk management point of view and from a return seeking point of view. You should not give up liquidity unless you are being well compensated to do so. Current private market valuations do not compensate you for accepting illiquidity, so in my view there is not a very compelling case to move out of public markets and into private markets at this time.
Many pension funds learned the value of liquidity the hard way during the 2008 crisis. When they needed it the most, they didn't have it and were forced to sell public market assets at distressed levels to shore up their liquidity. Keep this in mind the next time someone tells you that pension funds are long-term investors and can take on unlimited amount of illiquidity risk. That's pure rubbish and smart guys like Jim Keohane and Jim Leech know it.
Finally, Jim Leech, President and CEO of Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (Teachers'), recently issued a call to action in his keynote speech to the National Summit on Pension Reform in Fredericton. In his remarks, Leech introduced a new pension funding documentary, co-produced by Teachers' and Cormana Productions, entitled Pension Plan Evolution - A New Financial Reality (watch it below or here).
Also embedded a recent CNBC interview with Jim Leech where he discussed how an energy self-sufficient U.S. could cause a "seismic" market shift. Jim also discussed Teacher's asset allocation and where he thinks opportunities lie ahead.
Caisse Gains 9.6% in 2012
Americans Anxious About Retirement?
OMERS Gains 10% in 2012
Pension Funds Improving Corporate Governance?
Worst Trade of the Year?
Canadian Bank Chief Sounds the Alarm?
America's New Pension Poverty?
Top Funds Activity: Q4 2012
Greek Pension Fund Best Hedge Fund of 2012?
Abenomics Spurs a Global Macro Lovefest?
Pensioners Lose a Battle But Win the War?
Americans Borrowing From the Future?
The Pension Fund That Ate California?
Placing Creditors Ahead of Pensioners?
Severe Danger Looming In Corporate Bonds?
Commodities In the Pits?
Excessive Risk-Taking at Public Pension Funds?
Japan's Great Rotation?
The Great Rotation Fairy Tale?
Global Pension Assets Hit All-Time High?


Court of Appeals No. E-01-023, Trial Court No. CVF-0000462.
Evan J. Palik, for appellees.
This appeal comes to us from a summary judgment issued by the Sandusky Municipal Court in favor of the defendants in a case involving allegations of false arrest, malicious prosecution, and abuse of process. Because we conclude that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment as to the false arrest and abuse of process claims, we reverse in part.
On September 29, 1998, appellant, David Aaron, filed suit against appellees, Ventor Group, Inc. aka Footquarters Shoe Store, and Rebecca Chaffey, store manager. Appellant alleged facts which supported claims for false arrest, malicious prosecution, and abuse of process. The claims stemmed from an incident which took place in appellees' shoe store on September 29, 1997 — an incident that led to appellant's arrest.
We note that in some of the pleadings, the spelling of this party's name is indicated as "Venator." Since nothing has been filed to indicate any error, we will refer to the party as "Ventor" as designated in the caption.
Two weeks after appellant filed his law suit, the criminal charges that were filed against him when he was arrested were dismissed. Appellant's lawsuit remained pending until April 9, 1999. On that date, appellant advised the municipal court that he intended to transfer his suit to the Erie County Court of Common Pleas. The municipal court dismissed the action without prejudice. On February 22, 2000, appellant refiled his suit again, in the Sandusky Municipal Court. He was, however, unable to perfect service on appellees because of an address change. On January 2, 2001, appellant filed an amended complaint; the ammended complaint was served on appellees on January 18, 2001.
Appellees moved for dismissal/summary judgment, stating that all three claims accrued upon the dismissal of the criminal proceedings in October 1998. Appellees argued that the R.C. 2305.19 savings statute did not apply to any of appellant's claims because the original complaint was dismissed prior to the running of the applicable statute of limitations, which was one year from the dismissal. The trial court granted summary judgment as to all claims.
"THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DISMISSING THE APPELLANT'S COMPLAINT WHEN THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS HAD NOT RUN OUT AND THERE WAS NO VIOLATION OF THE SAVINGS CLAUSE."
The standard of review of a grant or denial of summary judgment is the same for both a trial court and an appellate court. Lorain Natl. Bank v. Saratoga Apts. (1989), 61 Ohio App.3d 127, 129. Summary judgment will be granted if "the pleading, depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits, transcripts of evidence in the pending case, and written stipulations of facts, if any, * * * show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and, construing the evidence most strongly in favor of the non-moving party, reasonable minds can only conclude that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Civ.R. 56(C).
Although appellant's complaint lists only two counts, the allegations in the second count provide notice of a claim for either malicious prosecution or abuse of process. The three elements of the tort of abuse of process are: (1) that a legal proceeding has been set in motion in proper form and with probable cause; (2) that the proceeding has been perverted to attempt to accomplish an ulterior purpose for which it was not designed; and (3) that direct damage has resulted from the wrongful use of process. Yaklevich v. Kemp, Schaeffer Rowe Co., L.P.A. (1994), 68 Ohio St.3d 294, paragraph one of the syllabus.
"In an action commenced, or attempted to be commenced, if in due time * * * the plaintiff fails otherwise than upon the merits, and the time limited for the commencement of such action at the date of * * * failure has expired, the plaintiff * * * may commence a new action within one year after such date."
Whether or not any of appellant's claims survived pursuant to the savings statute will depend on the respective statutes of limitations.
The statute of limitations for a claim of false arrest is one year. R.C. 2305.11(A); Mayes v. City of Columbus (1995), 105 Ohio App.3d 728, 746. A cause of action for false arrest accrues on the day of the complainant's arrest. Id.; See also Haller v. Borror (June 14, 1994), 1994 Franklin App. No. 93APE12-1657, unreported.
In the present case, since appellant's dismissal in April 1999 was after the one year statute of limitations had run, the savings statute is applicable. Appellant then timely refiled his complaint within one year from the dismissal as permitted by R.C. 2305.19. Therefore, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment as to the false arrest claim.
An action for malicious prosecution must also be brought within one year after the cause of action accrued. R.C. 2305.11(A); Yaklevich v. Kemp, Schaeffer Rowe Co., L.P.A. (1994), 68 Ohio St.3d 294, 299. However, a cause of action for malicious prosecution "accrues upon the rendition in the trial court of a judgment for the defendant in the action complained of * * *." Levering v. Natl. Bank (1912), 87 Ohio St. 117, paragraph two of the syllabus.
In this case, appellant's cause of action for malicious prosecution did not accrue until the criminal charges were dismissed on October 14, 1998. Thus, at the time of appellant's dismissal in April 1999, the one year statute of limitations for malicious prosecution had not yet expired, and the savings statute was not applicable. In addition, the statute of limitations would have run on October 14, 1999, prior to appellant's refiling of the complaint. Therefore, the trial court properly granted summary judgment as to appellant's malicious prosecution claim.
Finally, an action for abuse of process against a private citizen or corporation is governed by the four-year limitations period of R.C. 2305.09. Yaklevich, supra, at paragraph three of the syllabus. Consequently, the cause of action for abuse of process is not dependent upon the resolution of the underlying criminal proceeding, but accrues on the date of the allegedly tortious conduct. See Read v. Fairview Park, (Sept. 6, 2001) Cuyahoga App. No. 79036, unreported; Haller v. Borror, supra.
In this case, the accrual of the claim occurred on September 29, 1997, at the time appellees instituted criminal charges against appellant. The four-year statute of limitations had not expired when appellant filed his second complaint in February 2000 or the amended complaint in January 2001. As a result, there was no need to invoke the savings statute to restore the abuse of process claim. Therefore, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment as to the abuse of process claim.
The judgment of the Sandusky Municipal Court is affirmed in part and reversed in part, and remanded for proceedings consistent with this decision. Court costs of this appeal are assessed equally between appellant and appellees.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See, also, 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4, amended 1/1/98.
Peter M. Handwork, J., Melvin L. Resnick, J., JUDGES CONCUR.


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Q: how to paste event's profile picture using facebook graph api I would like to generate events automatically for subscribers of my website.  This is working properly but I'm unable to paste the event's profile picture
For creating event(working properly):
$access_token = 'app_access_token';
$url = "https://graph.facebook.com/app_id/events";
$postdata = "access_token=$access_token&name=$name&start_time=$start_time&end_time=$end_time&description=$description&privacy=$privacy&location=$location&picture=$picture_source";
$event_code = curl_sending_newsfeed_facebook($url, $postdata);

For pasting a picture
$picture_source = "pic_source.jpg";
$url = "https://graph.facebook.com/event_id/picture?source=$picture_source&access_token=$access_token";
$postdata = "";
$pic_code = curl_sending_newsfeed_facebook($url, $postdata);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Your upholstery probably hasn't been cleaned in a decade. Think about it. You sit on your couch, deposit lint, dirt and of course coins into the cushions, then simply get up and walk away. Once in a blue moon, you decide to scavenge for those long lost quarters, only to find that there's a rotted old piece of chicken stuck in the innards of the upholstery.
Your Upholstery collects so much dust and dirt over time, that it can be very bad for you or your family's allergies. All the pet dander that is buried within the couch cushions is breathed in daily, causing sniffles, sneezes and red eyes. We know from experience. Before we started our Carpet Cleaning Company in Arvada, we hadn't cleaned our own Upholstery in years, maybe ever! We suffered from allergies, and thought that it was simply from the changing of seasons from winter to spring to summer.
When we did our research, we realized that we couldn't be more wrong. We immediately changed our habits to Cleaning our Upholstery twice every year, and we recommend the same to every person we meet.
How many pieces of furniture are in your home that are covered with Upholstery? The normal amount per household is 4, including Couches, Love Seats, Recliners, and Chairs.
There is only so much you can do to Clean your own Upholstery in your home. Sure, you can vacuum it and pick up all the small pieces of dirt that you can get to, but there is virtually no way you can give your Upholstery the deep Cleaning that it needs to get rid of those invisible bacteria.
Arvada Carpet Cleaners will give you a free quote on your Upholstery Cleaning. Just let us know how many pieces of furniture you have, and we can instantly let you know a price and the amount of time it will generally take to freshly Clean your Upholstery.
With a fresh Upholstery Cleaning, your couch, chair or love seat will not only look and smell brand new, it will revitalize the piece of furniture, making it last a few years more. Would you rather buy a brand new Lazy Boy, or make yours last a few years longer? Yup, we thought so.