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Where To Eat Oct. 6, 2015
Where to Eat the Best Late-Night Food in NYC
By Grub Street
The scene at the Long Island Bar. Photo: Melissa Hom
It's a fact: Some food is just better after midnight. New York City has a surplus of places that serve long into the night, but as high-level chefs continue to open more and more casual places, the quality of late-night food has only improved. Here are the best spots — both relatively new arrivals and all-night institutions — to find late-night food in New York City. And, please note, only places that serve food after midnight were considered here.
Bar Sardine (Greenwich Village)
Closing Time: The kitchen is open until 2 a.m. Thursday through Saturday.
Gabe Stulman's classic, compact American bar sports a drink rail made for gazing out into the picturesque West Village streets. The "something for everybody" attitude that informs the menu, a nice mix of healthy and hearty, pervades into the early morning, when you'll find light fare like an arctic char tartare with tobiko alongside a booze-absorbing grilled cheese with eggplant-tomato tapenade.
Birds and Bubbles (Lower East Side)
Closing Time: A late-night menu is served from 11 p.m. until 1 a.m. Friday and Saturday, when the restaurant closes at 2 a.m.
Fried chicken and Champagne make for an excellent weekend brunch, yes, but the food here is excellent for any time of day. The late-night menu is more limited but still offers the kind of fatty, hearty options you'd expect, like a chicken-tenders basket, pimento cheese with crackers, and a crispy potato salad.
Blue Ribbon Brasserie (Soho)
Closing Time: The restaurant and kitchen close at 4 a.m. daily.
You can't mention late-night dining in New York without discussing this cozy, friendly, and always accommodating two-decades-old, empire-spawning brasserie, a place to go whether you want a hanger steak with onion rings or just some oysters from the raw bar. The nearby Blue Ribbon Downing Street Bar is a great place to stop by, as is Blue Ribbon Sushi when you're in the mood for a sashimi spectacle, but the original is still the one to beat.
Daddy-O (West Village)
Closing Time: The bar and kitchen close at 4 a.m.
Deceptively unassuming, this West Village bar is a destination for restaurant workers — the kind of crowd you'll have the most fun hanging out with this late at night. The kitchen is open until four — all the better for hungry servers and bartenders whose only other options are turkey clubs and greasy slices — and, keeping in line with their neighborhood-bar ambitions, the food is simple and solid, if not spectacular.
Dell'anima (Greenwich Village)
Closing Time: Sunday through Thursday the last seating is at midnight, while Friday and Saturday it is at 1 a.m.
The first restaurant from Batali protégés Joe Campanale and Gabriel and Katherine Thompson is still as loose and lively as ever with the same top-notch Italian cooking that's not always easy to find past midnight even in this city that, supposedly, never sleeps. There's a full menu, too, ranging from five kinds of bruschetta to a whole roster of inventive antipasti (a seasonal sweetbreads item), pastas, and substantial entrées.
Empellón Al Pastor (East Village)
Closing Time: On Friday and Saturday the kitchen closes at 2 a.m.
Alex Stupak's third Empellón is really a bar — there are some excellent margaritas and micheladas that you should be sipping all night long — and the namesake taco has been honed to the point where it's now worthy of the attention the chef has showered on it. Use the mostly excellent sides to round out your meal while you order a second (and third) round of drinks.
Gottino (West Village)
Closing Time: The kitchen closes at 2 a.m. daily.
The rustically decorated space at this Italian-accented spot is as cozy as it gets. It's all about wine at the bar, and the menu is made less for late-night gorging than for nighttime nibbling. Dishes like oxtail and bitter orange marmalade; crostini; and seasonal vegetables are pleasant enough, but they mostly allow you to focus on your conversation (and your wine).
Katz's Delicatessen (Lower East Side)
Closing Time: The deli closes at 2:45 a.m. on Thursday, is open all night Friday, and all day on Saturday.
Perhaps New York's most famous deli, Katz's becomes a window into the city's less savory past when it stays open all day and night on Friday and Saturday. Not that you need another reason to come when fatty, peppery, properly hand sliced pastrami is this good.
Dining at Minetta Tavern.
Minetta Tavern (Greenwich Village)
Closing Time: Thursday through Saturday the restaurant serves a late-night menu from 11 p.m. until 1 a.m. and stays open until 2 a.m. or until "all the guests have left."
Keith McNally's reimagined boîte is no secret — there's a bouncer, mind you, and the restaurant remains a go-to for power players — but it only gets better as the night goes on. It's a place where you can roll in at 1 a.m, post up at the bar, and get a hefty steak. There's nothing quite like wolfing down a dry-aged burger, the famous Black Label, and while there's no côte de boeuf after 11 p.m. you can still get a classic steak-frites and — why the hell not? — some roasted bone marrow.
Momofuku Ssäm Bar (East Village)
Closing Time: On Friday and Saturday the kitchen and restaurant close at 1 a.m.
The large-format dishes, like the classic whole rotisserie duck with chive pancakes and the dry-aged rib eye, get all the attention, but don't let that distract from the still solid, regularly evolving à la carte menu at Dave Chang's second restaurant. And for those looking to emphasize drinks, there's Dave Arnold's conveniently attached Booker and Dax, where they serve snacks like beef jerky and octopus escabeche.
Prince Street Pizza (Soho)
Closing Time: The pizzeria closes at 2 a.m. on Friday and Saturday.
The location is New York City pizza history — it was home to the original original Rays — and the square slices are inarguably some of the finest in town. There are only a few stools to be had, and the tiny space tends to get crushed with revelers late at night, but don't let that get between you and the truly excellent pepperoni square slice.
Raoul's (Soho)
Closing Time: On Fridays and Saturdays food is served until 1 a.m with the last reservation taken at 12:45.
It's a family-run throwback to Soho's bohemian past, and the crowd — an eclectic mix of locals, tourists, and fashionistas — makes for excellent scenery in the restaurant's two dining rooms. You're here for the relaxed vibe, really, but that doesn't mean you don't want to eat. Just keep your plan of attack simple and stick to the more classic bistro dishes.
The Spotted Pig (Greenwich Village)
Closing Time: The restaurant serves dinner daily until 2 a.m., and the bar closes at 4 a.m.
Managing to get a table here can often be the main event of the night, but the restaurant is a modern classic for good reason. As the restaurant that kicked off the gastropub craze, the Pig's menu has many reliable Bloomfield classics like the chargrilled burger with Roquefort (no substitutions, thank you) and sheep's-milk ricotta gnudi. It's the kind of rich, comforting, and often offal-heavy food that's great for sopping up a night of imbibing.
Takashi's late night is all beef.
Takashi (West Village)
Closing Time: On Friday and Saturday only there are 12 a.m. and 1 a.m. seatings for late-night ramen.
The Japanese-Korean house of meats is best known for serving four kinds of cow stomach and other lesser-appreciated delicacies to its devoutly carnivorous following, but on Friday and Saturday nights Takashi Inoue does away with the offal and instead breaks out the noodles to serve some of the best midnight ramen, an atypical beef, in town.
Veselka (East Village)
Closing Time: The diner is open 24 hours a day.
There's no one thing that has made this Ukrainian diner the end-all and be-all of really late night dining in New York, but it is. There's the charming old-school setting; the mix-and-match crowd of old-school New Yorkers, students, and young partiers; and the menu of hearty, filling Eastern European fare that's restorative in whatever way you need.
Waverly Restaurant (West Village)
Closing Time: The restaurant serves food 24 hours a day.
Though it looks like a diner from before the era when dark-wood paneling and cozy, vinyl-cladded booths prevailed, Waverly's menu will be instantly familiar. There are malted milk shakes, chicken fingers, buttermilk pancakes (both super and silver dollar), various Greek specials and Italian-American sandwiches, and just about anything — or, more aptly, everything — you'd want from this kind of polyglot establishment.
Midtown and Uptown
Bar Jamon (Gramercy)
Closing Time: The restaurant closes at 2 a.m. daily.
During prime time the battle for elbow room can be constant at this sister bar to Mario Batali's still-excellent tapas spot Casa Mono. But when you're in the mood for a more refined, lighter kind of meal, where you can share a few things and have a little of a lot while sipping on sherry, this is the spot to go.
The right kind of late-night feast, waiting for you. Photo: Melissa Hom
Kang Ho Dong Baekjeong (Koreatown)
Closing Time: The restaurant serves food and stays open until 2 a.m Sunday through Thursday and until 6 a.m. Friday and Saturday.
It's not all that often — ever, really — that there's a fine-dining chef in the kitchen when you go out for Korean barbecue. But the man at the helm here, Deuki Hong, trained at Jean Georges, and while they don't overcomplicate things (it's still, thankfully, all about the meat) there is a whole roster of banchan, appetizers, and side dishes, including a pretty top-notch beef tartare.
Hide-chan (Midtown East)
Closing Time: The restaurant serves food and stays open until 1 a.m. on Thursday and 4 a.m. on Friday.
Besides pizza, just maybe, there is no midnight snack so satisfying as ramen. At this out-of-sight noodle house, the bowls are satisfying and well-executed, especially the garlicky and rich signature soup. Even better, service is quick, so you won't have to wait for your noodles, and the bowls are affordable.
The NoMad Bar (NoMad)
Closing Time: Wednesday through Saturday the restaurant serves food until an hour before last call, and the bar stays open until 2 a.m.
The crowd can be overwhelming at the companion bar to Daniel Humm's posh pub, but if you and your guests can retreat to the solitude of a table, or inexplicably find yourself here on a quieter night, the expertly made drinks and gussied-up bar food — like fried chicken with chili-lime yogurt, a bacon-wrapped hot dog with black truffle, and one of the best chef burgers in the city — is worth it.
Sushi Seki (Upper East Side)
Closing Time: The restaurant serves food and stays open until 2:30 a.m. Monday through Saturday.
There's nothing sophisticated about the dimly lit space, something that separates this spot from the city's other sushi shrines, but its dedicated, in-the-know following, which includes chefs like Le Bernardin's Eric Ripert (no slouch when it comes to seafood), speaks volumes. The chef-owner, who goes only by Mr. Seki, prepares his dishes with an inventive flair, and a meal at the bar here is one of the more dignified ways to eat deliciously well past midnight.
Tsukushi (Midtown East)
Closing Time: The restaurant and kitchen close at 2:30 a.m. Monday through Friday and at 12:30 on Saturday.
This restaurant has long been popular with New York's Japanese chefs, who come after long shifts to seek the comforts of home, and for good reason. After 10 p.m. the kitchen abandons its delicate omakase fare in favor of heartier dishes like fried rice and shoyu ramen.
Central and South Brooklyn
Brennan & Carr (Sheepshead Bay)
Closing Time: The restaurant and kitchen closes at 1 a.m Sunday through Thursday and at 2 a.m. on Friday and Saturday.
This almost-eight-decades-old, all-American vestige is deep in the borough's southern reaches. It's also a temple to that most Anglo of sandwiches: roast beef piled high on a soft Kaiser roll and soused with salty pan drippings. There are also well-charred hot dogs and excellent blueberry pie, which you'll gladly scarf down like you're one of the locals who's had it all a hundred times before.
Leyenda (Carroll Gardens)
Closing Time: The kitchen closes at 1 a.m. on Friday and Saturday, when the bar is open until 3 a.m.
To match the focus and firepower of the drinks at their pan-Latin cocktail bar, business partners Julie Reiner and Ivy Mix brought in acclaimed chef Sue Torres (of the dearly and recently departed Sueños) to consult on a menu of pan-Latin snacks to match the drinks. Think potatoes stuffed with braised beef, chipotle, and Chihuahua cheese (Colombian papas rellenas), "Grandma Torres's pernil and mofongo" (Puerto Rican–style roast pork with a mound of mashed, fried plantains), and tacos with an excellent goat picadillo.
Outside Long Island Bar. Photo: Melissa Hom
Long Island Bar (Cobble Hill)
Closing Time: The bar closes at 2 a.m. and the kitchen at 1 a.m. on Friday and Saturday.
A Brooklyn landmark taken over by a team including the legendary Toby Cecchini, inventor of the Cosmopolitan, some may argue that this is the perfect New York watering hole. It's also an ideal place for late-night dining, thanks to a menu of surprisingly ambitious, often delicious cooking from Uchi and Alinea alum Gabriel Martinez, who whips up a textbook version of fried cheese curds, killer trout dip, and — because this is a bar, after all — a great double-patty burger with some of the most impressive French fries in town.
Pork Slope (Park Slope)
Closing Time: The bar closes at 4 a.m. every night, while the kitchen closes at 1 a.m. Sunday through Thursday and 2 a.m. Friday and Saturday.
Decorated with pork imagery and featuring an impressive collection of canned beer and whiskey, this down-home honky-tonk bar from the team behind Talde serves true bar food. Think wings way better than the ones you're used to, smarter takes on fast-food staples like spicy chicken nuggets, a porky melt with cheddarwurst, and other meaty sandwiches.
Roll-n-Roaster (Sheepshead Bay)
Closing Time: The restaurant closes at 1 a.m Sunday through Thursday and at 3 a.m. on Friday and Saturday.
The iconic, retro roast-beef palace is perhaps Brooklyn's most enduring fast-food joint, a rollicking place where they've been serving oversize sandwiches and fries blanketed in cheese for nearly half a century. There is nothing artisanal and nothing gourmet about it, but don't think that makes it any less delicious — and few things will sate your hunger better than a freshly baked roll piled with beef and dipped in au jus paired with cheap, old-fashioned beer.
Diner's beloved dry-aged burger, available until 1 a.m. on Friday and Saturday. Photo: Melissa Hom
North Brooklyn
Brooklyn Star (Williamsburg)
Closing Time: The restaurant closes at 2 a.m. every night, with the kitchen open until 1 a.m. Sunday through Thursday and 2 a.m. on Friday and Saturday.
Williamsburg is flush with fried chicken and cheeseburgers, but few can compare to those at Joaquin Baca and Simon Gibson's upscale comfort-food spot. The country-store-like room is filled with gray booths and a long bar, and the menu of Southern dishes is built for sharing — which is a great way to keep the night going.
The Commodore (Williamsburg)
Closing Time: The bar is open until 4 a.m. every night, while the kitchen is open until 1 a.m. on Friday and Saturday.
Chris Young and Stephen Tanner's nautically themed, barely lit dive is not the place you go for sophisticated bar snacks. It is where you go when you want to drink piña coladas spiked with amaretto while you dig into a pile of cheesy nachos in a loud, perpetually crowded, and never-self-serious bar that is, somehow, even better than the sum of its parts.
Diner at night. Photo: Melissa Hom
Diner (Williamsburg)
Closing Time: On Friday and Saturday the restaurant and kitchen close at 1 a.m.
Cool and stylish without being loud about it, Andrew Tarlow's original spot was a trailblazer that helped create the mold for the new Brooklyn restaurant. Housed in a refurbished diner car, the restaurant is as satisfying as ever: serving a simple menu written on a piece of paper at each table that changes daily, but it reliably includes a very good burger, along with a strong drinks list.
Motorino (East Village and Williamsburg)
Closing Time: On Friday and Saturday both locations serve and stay open until 1 a.m.
The Belgium-born, classically trained Mathieu Palombino makes some of the finest Neapolitan pies in the city, with expertly constructed puffy crusts and an emphasis on high-quality toppings like stracciatella, cherrystone clams, and San Benedetto anchovies. What's special about this pizzeria, though, is that appetizers are both varied and actually worth ordering, from the meatballs to the octopus salad, so you can get a real meal while still appeasing your need for a cheesy (albeit classier) carbo-load.
Williamsburg Pizza (Williamsburg and Lower East Side)
Closing Time: At the Brooklyn location they stay open until 2 a.m. on Thursday and 4 a.m. on Friday and Saturday. On the Lower East Side they are open Wednesday and Thursday until 2 a.m. and Friday and Saturday until 5 a.m.
There aren't a lot of seats at either location, but the pies are well worth it. Grandma slices are crisp, and plain slices will more than satisfy, but the toppings-happy crew here creates inventive, delicious original pizzas (like the Messina with goat cheese, ricotta, artichoke, sopressata, and imported black olives) that are worth the premium.
Arepa Lady 2 (Elmhurst)
Closing Time: The restaurant closes at 1 a.m. on Friday and Saturday.
Started by the sons of New York's reigning queen of corn cakes — Colombian or otherwise — and First Lady of street food, Maria Piedad Cano, this restaurant offers a permanent, reliable place to indulge in Cano's legendary arepas. Whether sweeter and stuffed with mozzarella, as in an arepa de queso, or sturdier and savory, as in the arepa rellena, it's soul-satisfying, hearty food.
El Chivito D'Oro (Jackson Heights)
Closing Time: The restaurant is open until 1:30 a.m. on Friday and Saturday.
Not all steakhouses have their roots in chops: Named for the overstuffed steak sandwich that is Uruguay's national dish, it's all about the parrilla (or grill) here. The space is diner-esque, and seasoning never takes precedence over the natural flavor of the well-charred meats, but for a real late-night feast the secret to success is the parrillada para 1, or mixed grill, a platter featuring skirt steak, short ribs, mild chorizo, veal steak, sweetbreads, and blood sausage.
Sik Gaek (Flushing and Woodside)
Closing Time: Both locations take orders until 12:30 a.m. and close at 1:30 a.m. Monday through Sunday, while on Friday and Saturday they take orders until 2:30 a.m. and close at 4 a.m. The Woodside location is closed on Sundays; Flushing maintains weekday hours.
This seafood-centric restaurant may be best known as a place where a not-yet-famous Momofuku chef David Chang took Anthony Bourdain to eat live octopus. But it's a great place to learn the many virtues of octopus, and as varied as New York's late-night-dining options are, no other will let you battle with a still-squirming, it-can't-be-fresher cephalopod.
More Restaurant Suggestions From Grub Street
Where to Eat the Best Ramen in NYC
Where to Eat the Best Brunch in NYC
Where to Find the Best Tacos in NYC
Where to Eat the Best Sushi in NYC
These Are the Best Date Restaurants in New York
The Best NYC Restaurants for Groups
Where To Drink the Best Coffee in NYC
These Are New York's Best Bars for Cocktails
Where to Eat the Best Steaks in NYC
This post is updated regularly.
late-night food
best spots
The Best Late-Night Food in NYC


'Xiuhtecuhtli' by Thomas Gieseke - (Pronounced "Shoe-de-Coot-lee") Xiuhtecuhtli is the Aztec god of fire, also known as the Turquoise Lord. This fabulous painting is currently available as part of WOW² (Volume II), our group show of square artworks. View the entire exhibit over at wowxwow.com.


With Mother's Day nearly here, I've been busy behind the scenes coming up with a great, cost-saving DIY tutorial! This year, I'm making my mum a GIDC inspired present. So if you'd like to see how to make one yourself then have a look at my step by step tutorial below. Enjoy!
How To Make A DIY Birdcage Lampshade.
So, like a lot of the UK I spent my evenings in Jan glued to the telly watching a bunch of amateur designers battle it out to win The Great Interior Design Challenge by transforming each room in their own signature, creative styles.
But the real show-stealer moment for me though was Anna Straw's birdcage lamp, seen below. Kelly & Dan didn't think much of it, but I thought it was a really fun, creative DIY, plus it looked relatively easy to replicate!
So where did Anna get the inspiration for her lamp… Parisian Designer, Mathieu Challières. His wonderful, hand crafted lamps feature colourful birds & delicate, copper wire frames. There is no doubt Mathieu Callières' birdcage lamps are both striking & whimsical in design, as he references both vintage opulence and contemporary styles as his key design influences. The high end versions are definitely stunning…but who honestly has £300+ spare to spend on a lampshade?!
And whilst I adore Rockett St George & their quirky collection of homeware & furniture (seriously I want everything), their Volières Bird Cage Lamp – although beautiful & seriously lust-worthy, is also seriously out of my price range. So instead save yourself some cash and make your own birdcage lamp for around £40.
A wire frame shade. I used this £10 metal wire cage one from Wilko's.
What ever you have – I used these Wilko garden canes but I even considered cutting up a copper wire coat-hanger! They just needs to be the right length to be horizontally placed across your shade.
Faux birds. I found it hard to track down cheaper ones online. Rockett St George do amazing faux birds for £10+ a bird or try Ebay for cheaper ones. I opted for a selection of birds from Pipli & a set from Paperchase (similar here & here) instead.
All Purpose Glue. This is to attach the perches to the shade. These can be glued, cable-tied or use thin wire or string to attach at each end. Again, use whatever you have to hand.
1. Strip your lampshade of any material so you are left with just the wire frame.This stage was a bit of a ball-ache due to the glue that attached the fabric to the frame. If you're using the Wilko shade too, then cut a hole in the fabric and cut a vertical line up to the top/bottom rims and then along the top ring horizontally – cut/ yank the fabric off from there.
Before: This is what the lampshade looked like before, with its outer wire frame and inner fabric shade structure…plus my faux birds clipped on for decoration!
2. Wipe down the shade to remove dust/ glue build-up. Again, if you're using the same shade as me then you'll probably need to soak the shade in some washing up liquid to loosen the remaining glue residue. After 10 mins I used course sugar/ a scrubbing brush to scrub off the remaining glue. Effort!
*Note: If anyone has a better method to get tacky glue off then please share in the comments section below. I feel there was a quicker way to do this!
3. Cut down your perches to size & secure them to the lampshade.
I played around with where I wanted the bird perches to be by inserting the canes through the shade horizontally. I opted for just a couple due to the depth of the shade/ personal preference, seen above.
I then cut the canes down to size using a pair of pliers & used a blob of glue either end to secure them to the wire shade. You can always decide to add more perches/ birds at a later point if it looks a bit sparse once up!
A word of advice, if you opt to spray-paint your shade then do it before gluing your perches in place. I was being indecisive, so glued my sticks in before I decided to spray-paint it. I ended up having to wrap my perches in foil to make sure these remained paint free… a pointless step really if I'd just made up my mind as to what colour I wanted it beforehand!
4. Spray paint your shade in your desired colour.
This step is optional, I was torn between sticking with the brushed, gold, wire shade like the high-end versions or spraying it neon yellow! I opted for the yellow but then decided to re-spray it 'canary yellow' as the neon shade was just a little too 90's neon rave for me!
Whilst Mathieu Challières guarantees visual harmony through 'the staging of the birds – carried out according to a precise plan…' I just went rogue and plonked 'em on!
6. Hang your shade, stand back & admire!
Get that baby hung up! Then stand back and admire with pride. Have a look what your shade/ birds look like once it's up & adjust accordingly. Done!
Overall, I'm pretty pleased with how my DIY birdcage lampshade turned out. I just hope my mum is as chuffed with it when she opens it on Mother's Day! Other than choosing a slightly deeper shade and making my mind up on a colour… instead of spray-painting it twice, I feel it was a pretty easy DIY that didn't take too long to complete.
And for those of you who follow me on Instagram, you will have seen my indecisiveness when it came to spray-painting it! I thank all of you who cast your vote and spurred me on along the way.
I hope you like my finished birdcage lampshade? Whether I've inspired you to give it a go yourself or you've had a go at making another designer inspired DIY, then let me know in the comments below. Thanks for reading!
This is so creative! Also, I LOVE that yellow!
Aw thanks Caitlin, yes I definetly preferred it once I sprayed it canary yellow. The neon yellow was a tad too luminous/green toned in real-life! I think I'm going to have to make myself another one soon as my mum loves hers (this one) so no chance of me getting it back any time soon, hehe! Stay tuned for more bird cage crafts!!
I will! I am looking at painting a chest of ours yellow, but I am nervous it will be too bright. Love what you did!
Ah thanks! Yep me too, I do love the designer version but just so expensive!!


In May 2019, we'll be changing our name to Manutan. (You may recognise the name, it's our parent company).
We'll have a bright new logo, a brand new web address and a truly massive range of products for you to choose from. Over 32,000 extra products to be precise!
It's also good to know there's one thing we won't be changing. That's the same great customer service we know you love. You'll still benefit from FREE delivery on all orders over £30, FREE returns and our 30 day money back guarantee. Plus we still won't be beaten on price!
For you, it will still be business as usual - just with stacks more products for you to choose from!
Got a question? Need a hand finding the right product? No worries. Give us a call on 0800 652 6000 and we'll be happy to help.


text:
import os
from os import path
import yaml

def construct_tuple(loader, node):
    return tuple(yaml.SafeLoader.construct_sequence(loader, node))
yaml.SafeLoader.add_constructor('tag:yaml.org,2002:seq', construct_tuple)

with open('eiscp-commands.yaml', 'r') as f:
  data = yaml.safe_load(f)

modelssets = data.pop('modelsets')

for zone, zone_data in data.items():
  for command, command_data in zone_data.items():
    output_dir = path.join('commands', zone)
    if not path.exists(output_dir):
      os.makedirs(output_dir)

    filename = path.join(output_dir, '%s.yaml' % command)

    for value_data in command_data['values'].values():
      if 'models'  in value_data:
        value_data['models'] = modelssets[value_data['models']]

    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
      yaml.safe_dump(command_data, f, default_flow_style=False)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


…they send you a picture of a Sourdough Jack from Jack in the Box knowing that the closest JITB is a 6-hr drive away. So thanks for the torture punk. What's a Sourdough Jack you ask?
Damn you Jack, come to the DC Metro area!!!
Swiss-style cheese? So… what is it?
Not to rub it in your face or anything, but when made right, the Sourdough Jack is orgasmic. A six hour drive is worth it. Heck, hop on a plane if you have to.
Wow! That sounds great, and I have no idea where the nearest Jack in the Box is located. I just know that it is must be far, far away.
Zachary: I'll bet that "swiss-style cheese" is the alleged swiss cheese all the fast food joints use that tastes exactly like American cheese. I hate it when they do that. If you're going to have swiss cheese, it should taste like SWISS CHEESE! Regardless, that sandwich looks good.
Like Em, I'm not trying to rub it in, but the Sourdough Jack is pretty frigging awesome. And I have at least three JitB's I can think of within four miles of my house. Okay, that last part was rubbing it in a little.
is there any reason they can't use REAL Swiss cheese? Too expensive?
Not too long ago, I remember Burger King had a bacon cheeseburger on sourdough that was similar but certainly not as good as the Jack version.
Definitely good though and definitely missed.
This is so true… i live in florida, where the closest jack in the box is probably in south carolina :(… we used to live in Seattle, Washington where Jack in the Box is everywhere and is my all time favorite fast food place. Every year when we go back up to Washington, the first thing we do is get like 20 jack in the box tacos, however my favorite has always been the sourdough breakfast jack. I love that they serve breakfast all day!


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Toradol with phenergan for migraines, Is toradol for back pain, .


Look at those curves! The Flexion shoulder bag is designed to hug the body, which is flattering and also awesome because who doesn't like hugs?! Available in our statement blue, this medium shoulder bag is a real showstopper. The subtle detailing features our signature origami inspired folds, accentuated by the soft pebble leather.


This will be a nice short and sweet post tonight.
If you have been following my blog you may have read about how Lily has never slept through or given me many hours sleep without waking me. Her sleep pattern which you can read about here, has always been her waking me every three hours and at one point it was every hour. But this morning I woke up to find she gave me a whole 6 and half hours straight sleep! She would have slept longer but I had to wake her to go to play group.
She is still waking between 11 and 12 and then lately seems to wake about 1am, 1.30am but last night showed some improvement and after waking at 1.30am she then slept until 8am!
Its crazy to be so happy to be getting 6 and a half hours but that's the most I've had straight since she was about 7-8 months old.
Would love to know what age your child slept through?


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Heat Vision Box Office Reviews Archives
Shanghai Festival Announces Project Market Entries
2:28 AM PDT 5/24/2013 by Clarence Tsui
Pitches from award-winning Taiwanese filmmaker Sylvia Chang and mainland singer-actress Tian Yuan lead the way for the 30 projects on offer next month.
HONG KONG – Veteran Taiwanese actress-filmmaker Sylvia Chang and mainland Chinese singer-turned-director Tian Yuan will be leading the charge in the Shanghai International Film Festival's seventh annual project market, which takes place from June 16 - 19.
A multiple-award-winning actress and a member of the competition jury in Berlin in 1992, Chang will return to directing with Chinese Lover, her first film since 2008's Run Papa Run. Chang is also at present chairman of the Taipei Film Festival and vice-chairman of the Hong Kong International Film Festival Society.
Chinese Lover is selected for the Shanghai Film Market's Co-production Film Pitch and Catch competition, a section dedicated to projects seeking financing from China – Chang's pitch, for example, is positioned as a co-production between mainland China and Taiwan. Among the other entries in the section are projects from Hong Kong, South Korea, Australia, Italy and New Zealand.
Meanwhile, the highest-profile entry in China Film Pitch and Catch – a category designed for younger directors from the mainland – would be Forgot to Forget from Tian, who will be making her transition to directing after making her name first as a singer, a novelist, and then an actress (debuting with Butterfly in 2004, and then an appearance at Cannes with Wang Chao's Un Certain Regard winner Luxury Car in 2005)
While theoretically the younger cousin of the Co-production contest, the China Film Pitch and Catch is laden with entrants boasting backing from established figures and companies in the Chinese film industry.
New director Luo Dong's New York, New York, for example, is backed by Guan Xiaohui, the producer of the current runaway box-office hit So Young. Gao Bo (Fantasy Journey), meanwhile, counts among his supporters Chen Zhixi, the producer of Lost in Thailand, the highest-grossing homegrown production in Chinese history.
Li Xiaofeng's Scrape My Bone, meanwhile, is produced by Zhang Yuan, once the leading light of the so-called Sixth Generation independent Chinese filmmakers who reaped critical acclaim abroad with Mama and Beijing Bastards. Guo Shubo, who was well-known for short films, is collaborating with online film-and-TV portal Youku for his entry Secret Area.
Chosen from a field of 224 applications, the eight Chinese Film Pitch and Catch entries will be in the running for a Best Creative Project prize chosen by a jury comprising mainland Chinese director Sun Zhou, Taiwanese producer Li Lieh and Cloud Atlas co-producer Philip Lee.
Clarence Tsui

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ann Fox Drayton (–1742) was an American landowner, prominent in the American South during the early 18th century. Along with her relatives Rebecca and Charlotte, she became known as one of the women of Drayton Hall, which her youngest son, John (1716–1779), built. Drayton Street in Savannah, Georgia, is named for her.

Life and career
Ann Fox was born in the second half of the 17th century. Around 1698, she married Thomas Drayton, who regarded Ann's father, Stephen, as a mentor. Ann was Thomas' second wife. After arriving from Barbados in 1678, they were bequeathed today's Magnolia Plantation in Charleston, South Carolina, by Ann's father around 1704.

She became a widowed mother when Thomas died in 1721 at the age of 71. Her children were Mary (born 1704; married colonel Thomas Fuller), Thomas (born 1710), Stephen Fox (1713 or 1714) and John (1716). Choosing not to remarry, she began to establish herself alongside the male planter elite in South Carolina.

After her husband's death, she served as the manager of the family estate, and had extensively increased its properties by the time of her death.

In 1730, Thomas married Elizabeth Bull, daughter of William Bull, who assisted general James Edward Oglethorpe in the laying out of Savannah, Province of Georgia, three years later. In 1737, Bull became the 24th governor of South Carolina.

Drayton's son, Stephen, died in 1733, shortly before his 21st birthday.

Death
Drayton died in 1742. Having possessed a deep distrust of her son-in-law Thomas Fuller, she left an "estate in trust" to her daughter Mary, stipulating that Fuller would have nothing at all to do with any part of her daughter's inheritance.

As a legacy, Drayton Street in Savannah, Georgia, was named in her honor, after she had lent four sawyers to assist colonists in building one of the first homes in the city.

References

1678 births
1742 deaths
Barbadian women
People from Charleston, South Carolina
American planters
American women landowners
18th-century American landowners

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Looking for all the help you can get while you hunt down the best learning management system for your association? Though targeted to "medium and small businesses," any free help is worth checking out.
Wednesday, September 7, from 1-2 p.m. Eastern Daylight time.
Every now and then the blogosphere buzzes about whether the LMS (Learning Management System) is still the best way to manage training.
Some say yes, we still need a way to track learners' progress, especially for compliance training or grades tracking (for those in higher education).
Others say the LMS is quickly being supplanted by the proliferation of PLEs (personal learning environments — where individuals construct their own mashup of Web sites, blogs, social network contacts, e-books and magazines, asynchronous courses, and other resources) which support informal learning.
Several key factors surfaced; remember, these are from the corporate perspective. We'll get to what this means for membership associations a bit later in this post.
Does the LMS, "in its present state… indeed help us manage learning or is it just a course vending machine"?
Despite dissatisfaction, the demand for LMSes is up.
"…[T]he majority of people do not access an LMS in their workplace," so an objection to including social media within an LMS because it violates social media governance policy isn't valid.
Rather than focusing on staff, employees, and HR systems, LMSes now need to focus on "external partners and customer performance." LMSes are currently "ugly and user-unfriendly," and this has to change.
LMSes need to be leveraged for use in talent management for improved succession planning. The opportunities afforded by SaaS apps already exist with online storage (Google Docs, for example).
What Will the New LMS Be?
Small, midsized, and large company configurations will evolve to meet the individual needs of organizations of various sizes.
It will be "much more social [and enable] collaboration between people and systems," so it will look more like a social network system than current LMSes.
New configurations will mean finding subject matter experts will be easier.
Whew! What are we to make of all this for associations and nonprofits?
A way to provide access to learning across our state, nation, and world that's right-sized for our organization.
A way to measure that learning, for certification or maybe just to keep watch on what's effective elearning and what isn't so we can pull that offering and do something else.
A way to connect our members (and maybe non-members) as learners within the context of elearning and across the social learning spectrum.
On this last point: It's one thing to have learners from a session swap e-mail addresses or create an e-mail list or online forum so everyone can continue learning from each other. It's another thing to open that out even further to include everyone who takes that course every time it's offered or has an interest in the topic.
Right now we can do that if we can effectively move the dialoge from the session (wether it's online or face-to-face) to an online forum space. But there's the attrition issue, plus it takes additional effort to set the forum up, get the word out, etc etc….
Talent management systems could provide us with the opportunity to identify potential leaders for our organizations from our membership base. Maybe your organization has a method in place, but the trade associations I'm familiar with struggle to find the best content leaders, committee members, and board of directors. Wouldn't it be great to have a system that helped us to identify our best candidates because we know which learning events they've participated in, their certification level(s), and other information that our membership database system doesn't include?!?
A movement toward "customer performance" and "external partners" as learner groups is exactly what we've needed all along. Our members ARE our customers; our "external partners" are all of those potential members, vendors, sponsors, and others who are outside our core membership focus but whom we want to involve. A system built to provide us with these membership variables would make it easier to offer targeted learning to the appropriate groups.
Integrating social learning with formal, asynchronous sessions and/or Webinars means we could leverage the value of "networking" through learning in an online environment in ways that are still awkward at best with current offerings. We won't replace face-to-face networking, but if we can create an environment for relationships to bud and flourish, what's not to love?!?
Our members (and non-members) won't be accessing our LMS via their workplace, so LMSes that incorporate social learning opportunities won't encounter the same governance hurdles as corporate systems. Hooray for that!
Associations and non-profits are much more successful "pulling" learners than corporations have been. Our members are already accustomed to coming to us to fill for their learning needs — so an increased "pull" strategy within LMSes will strengthen our capacity even more.
Though a good number of our members access our learning offerings from their workplace, some (many? has anyone done a study on this?) are likely unable to do so, perhaps due to bandwidth or policy issues that prevent them. Our members, therefore, have been "on the move" ever since they became members: they are remote learners, and are becoming more mobile all the time. Anything that LMS vendors do to make their systems more accessible from more points of access, the better for us.
Even though all of the LMS morphing can be confusing and intimidating, this dynamic means better possibilities for finding the right fit for us among the LMS and its companion systems — Learning Creation Management Systems (LCMSes) and Course Management Systems (CMSes) [See the aLearning Fundamentals Tutorial, "eLearing Alphabet Soup" for more detail on the various systems and their distinctions].
The LMS hasn't passed into the realm of obsolete yet. It isn't even on its deathbed. But we might agree that it's being prepped for major surgery — and if the operation is a success, it will come out of it healthier for all of us.
Looking for Help Selecting a Hosted LMS?


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Q: Virtualbox machine with Windows finds no connection I have been using Virtualbox for a long time, but never before I encountered this issue with this software.
Basically my virtualized Windows 7 doesn't connect to the internet, it says that there is no connection.
I tried to cycle through the different emulated network adapters (I am using NAT) but couldn't find a fix for it.
Any idea?

A: Under Devices, select network adapters and change the adapter type to 'bridged', this should solved the issue with no internet connection. The NAT adapter I've noticed sometimes fails for people, while bridged mode is always a reliable fallback. Virtualbox has a section on what the different modes and options for them here:
http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch06.html
Be careful, the bridged mode send packets through your host system, but bypasses your networking stack.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A little over a year ago, I was invited to guest lecture on Using Social Media for SEO at the McGill School of Continuing Studies. Well, I've recently started blogging about business for the Montreal Gazette, and have been invited back to lecture (next Tuesday, April 19th) on my inaugural post, Online Marketing: A roadmap for local businesses.
Whether you have knowledge and experience in one or more digital applications, or almost none, this course will ensure your grasp of digital media is comprehensive, solid and up to date. It will give you a broad overview of the technology, its current uses in organizations and society, and its potential and implications for the future. It will provide knowledge and skills that form a strong base for immediate application in the workplace as well as for later courses in the program.
Overall, my own lecture will lend to students' understanding of current digital marketing trends and best practices by illustrating how local business are using Google My Business, Yelp for Business Owners, and Facebook for Business to not only raise awareness of their products and services, but actually drive foot traffic and sales. In other words, students should walk away not only with a familiarity of these tools, but the ability to start applying that knowledge to any campaigns or client work they might be working on.
Always a pleasure to have you, CT. Charming and insightful .. what better combination?


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Justia › US Law › Case Law › North Carolina Case Law › North Carolina Supreme Court Decisions › 1955 › State v. Hare
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State v. Hare
90 S.E.2d 550 (1955)
243 N.C. 262
STATE v. Earl HARE.
Supreme Court of North Carolina.
*551 Wm. Rodman, Jr., Atty. Gen., Claude L. Love, Asst. Atty. Gen., R. Brookes Peters, General Counsel for State Highway & Public Works Commission, and Parks H. Icenhour, Raleigh, attorney for Highway Commission, for the State.
Clyde A. Douglass, II, Raleigh, for petitioner.
DENNY, Justice.
The question to be determined is whether the petitioner is entitled to his release since he is being held under a judgment entered upon a plea of guilty of an offense for which he has never been indicted. The indictment with respect to robbery only charged that the defendants, with the threatened use of certain firearms, to-wit: a pistol, attempted to take personal property, etc. Robbery with fireams is not charged.
We have repeatedly held that the purpose and intent of the Legislature in enacting G.S. § 14-87 was to provide for more severe punishment for the commission of robbery when such offense is committed or attempted with the "use or threatened use of any firearms or other dangerous weapon, or implement or means," than is provided for common-law robbery. This statute does not attempt to change the offense of common-law robbery or to divide it into degrees. State v. Chase, 231 N.C. 589, 58 S.E.2d 364; State v. Jones, 227 N.C. 402, 42 S.E.2d 465; State v. Keller, 214 N.C. 447, 199 S.E. 620.
A defendant may be indicted for robbery with firearms and be acquitted of that specific charge and convicted of the included crime of common-law robbery without firearms, or a lesser degree of the latter crime if the evidence so warrants. State v. Bell, 228 N.C. 659, 46 S.E.2d 834. However, it does not follow that upon an indictment that only charges an attempt to commit robbery with firearms, a defendant may be convicted of common-law robbery. Under such an indictment, a defendant might be convicted of an attempt to commit robbery without firearms. This Court said in State v. Jordan, 226 N.C. 155, 37 S.E.2d 111, 112, "It is permissible under our practice to convict a defendant of a less degree *552 of the crime charged, G.S. § 15-170, or for which he is being tried, when there is evidence to support the milder verdict, State v. Smith, 201 N.C. 494, 160 S.E. 577 * *, but it would seem to be without precedent to try a defendant for one offense and to convict him of another and greater offense, even though the conviction be of a higher degree of the same offense for which he is being tried."
"An indictment will not support a conviction for an offense more serious than that charged. Where an indictment or information charges only a misdemeanor, accused may not be convicted of a felony. One charged with simple larceny cannot be convicted of robbery or of larceny from the person, merely because the proof discloses the commission of the greater crime; nor can one charged with petit larceny be convicted of grand larceny, however great the proved value of the stolen property may be. Under an indictment for assault with intent to rob, accused cannot be convicted of robbery." 42 C.J.S., Indictments and Informations, § 300, page 1330.
It is likewise said in 14 Am.Jur., Criminal Law, section 272, page 952, "A plea of guilty, accepted and entered by the court, is a conviction or the equivalent of a conviction of the highest order, the effect of which is to authorize the imposition of the sentence prescribed by law on a verdict of guilty of the crime sufficiently charged in the indictment or information." Cited and approved in State v. Robinson, 224 N.C. 412, 30 S.E.2d 320.
At common law, an attempt to commit a felony was a misdemeanor. State v. Boyden, 35 N.C. 505; State v. Jordan, 75 N.C. 27; State v. Stephens, 170 N.C. 745, 87 S.E. 131. Our law in this respect remains unchanged, except where otherwise provided by statute. State v. Spivey, 213 N.C. 45, 195 S.E. 1; State v. Surles, 230 N.C. 272, 52 S.E.2d 880.
From the facts disclosed on the record before us, we hold that the court was in error in accepting the plea of guilty of common-law robbery without firearms, in the absence of a bill of indictment charging such crime, and, therefore, the plea was insufficient to support the judgment. Hence, the judgment is void and the petitioner is entitled to his discharge.
What we have said herein is without prejudice to the right of the solicitor to prosecute the petitioner on the bill of indictment charging him with an attempt to commit robbery with firearms, if so advised. However, the petitioner having served over two years and eight months under a void judgment, he is ordered released from custody under his present commitment. Therefore, let this opinion be certified forthwith to the Superior Court of Lee County to the end that the petitioner may be released from custody. State v. Austin, 241 N.C. 548, 85 S.E.2d 924.
of North Carolina Supreme Court opinions.


Steaming is one of the simplest – and healthiest – cooking methods out there, allowing the natural flavours of ingredients to shine without the need for fats and oils. Discover why more and more chefs are using steam to cook dishes, and take a look at three recipes that showcase the versatility of this underrated technique.
The dishes we cook at home almost always require at least a few different cooking techniques. Frying, boiling, baking and roasting tend to be the most common, all of which can be used to cook pretty much any ingredient – each with their own pros and cons. However, one method of cooking that's sometimes overlooked is in fact one of the easiest and most flavourful: steaming.
Steaming ingredients keeps them in their natural state better than frying or roasting ever could. Although heating fats or oils and then cooking ingredients in them creates browning, which is where we get all those rich, addictive flavour notes from, sometimes we want something fresher and lighter in taste.
Take potatoes, for example – here's no denying roast potatoes are delicious, but steamed new potatoes are equally as tasty, boasting a much more pronounced potato flavour that's not masked by unhealthy fats. Brits love a good fish and chips, but when steamed, fish is fantastic– one of the reasons why cooking en papillote (inside a snug parcel with aromatics) is so popular. And instead of roasting green vegetables, steam them instead to retain their nutrients, natural flavour and fresh texture, all of which can be lost when using fiercer cooking methods..
It's a technique which is much more popular in the East than the West (just think of the steamed dumplings of China or the rice dishes of Japan) but it seems top chefs and home cooks are starting to realise that this healthy way of cooking can unlock flavours that other methods can't.
To demonstrate this, we've teamed up with Michelin-starred chef Martin Wishart, who has created three simple, healthy recipes that showcase how versatile steaming can be. Whether it's fish, vegetables or even tofu, these dishes are absolutely bursting with flavour and put steamed ingredients front and centre.
Tofu is an incredible ingredient that's sometimes disregarded by cooks for being bland. However, it's actually very adept at taking on other flavours and, when cooked properly, has a beautiful texture that's perfect for adding vegan protein to a dish. In this recipe, the tofu is flavoured with shallots, garlic, soy sauce and rice wine vinegar for thirty minutes, before being steamed to retain its wobbly, soft texture. The crunchy peanut dressing, nutty quinoa and raw vegetables and fruits add contrasting textures and fresh flavours to the finished dish.
Steaming is always associated with virtuous, light dishes, but this recipe proves it can create hearty, filling and satisfying plates of food that are perfect for the colder months. Flavouring minced beef with garlic, sage and thyme and combining it with rice results in the perfect filling for beautiful savoy cabbage leaves, which are then steamed until cooked through, doused in a simple tomato sauce and baked until golden-brown.
Fish is one of those ingredients that really benefits from being steamed, as the method retains its fresh, natural flavour and texture better than any other. It's also incredibly easy and means you're less likely to overcook fillets, which are notoriously difficult to get right in the frying pan. Here, fillets of sea bream are combined with fragrant jasmine rice and an aromatic coconut sauce for a wonderful Thai-inspired dish. Perfect when you're after a lighter, healthier meal that's full of fresh, bright flavours.


Cofounder SanGiovanni Presents alongside Executives from Digitas, Foursquare, IAB, and at 'International Festival of Creativity'.
CANNES LIONS – CANNES, FRANCE – June 18, 2013 – Zumobi, a leading mobile media company, announced its participation today in the coveted Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. Zumobi's Cofounder and Vice President of Product Design, John SanGiovanni, was selected by the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) to participate in an exclusive panel discussion to present what mobile really means in the new creative age. Titled "Liquid Creativity: IAB Secrets of the Mobile Superstars," the session provided the opportunity for SanGiovanni to speak alongside Senior executives from FourSquare and Digitas as they present their observations on the mobile advertising space. The IAB's President and CEO, Randall Rothenberg, moderated the prestigious group.
Each of the panelists showcased their latest innovations, highlighting how the liquid behavior of mobile will influence the ad industry in the coming year. SanGiovanni presented several pioneering examples of native mobile advertising campaigns and experiences enabled by the award-winning Zumobi Brand Integration (ZBi) platform. The session then dove into several hot-button topics from user experience to native ad formats in mobile and consumer adoption.
This is the 60th anniversary of Cannes Lions. Taking place from June 16 to 22, around 11,000 members of the global creative communications industries congregated to inspire and educate.


Chris Prout was born in Wales and educated at Swansea school of art studying technical illustration and graphics. After twenty years working in various creative industries he committed himself to painting full time.
Chris paints bold expressive landscapes, seascapes and architecture, rich in colour, texture and representational or semi abstract in nature. Chris enjoys being out of doors, walking the gentle hills of the Midlands or the soaring coastal footpaths of Wales, Norfolk and beyond. These experienced impressions energise his imagination and frequently appear in his work. In essence he wishes his paintings to convey a sense of beauty, intrigue and place.
Rachel Wood is a potter who uses a combination of throwing and coiling stoneware clay.
"I make a range of stoneware vessels with heavily textured surfaces, swathed with layers of slip and glaze to create depth and mystery to the work. The marks from fingers, tools, and each making process have always been an intrinsic part of each pot's character. I want each pot to convey its own spirit and character...to have a pulse and a heartbeat. I want the marks to reflect the journey of exploration and learning in each pot, just as a wrinkle or dimple depicts expression and character in a human face. The impulsive desire we all have to want to touch, and the inherent emotional need to be touched, underpins the technical, creative and emotional foundations of my work".
Rachel worked as assistant to the renowned potter Robin Welch and also undertook a residency at Rufford Craft Centre. The impact of these experiences is reflected in the directness, urgency and confidence of her new work.


Poet, playwright, performer, anthologist, John Agard was born in Guyana and came to Britain in 1977. He worked for the Commonwealth Institute from 1978-1985 as a touring reader, during which time he visited some two thousand schools across the UK talking about his Caribbean experiences and giving talks, readings and workshops. John was the first Writer in Residence at the South Bank Centre, London in 1993 and was honoured with a Paul Hamlyn Award in 1997. His books include Man to Pan (Casa de las Americas Prize, 1982), Mangoes and Bullets, We Animals Would Like a Word With You, From the Devil's Pulpit, and he has edited several children's poetry anthologies.
John Agard's residency at the BBC was one of the pilot projects for the Poetry Society's Poetry Places scheme. It also formed an integral part of BBC Education's Windrush season (which marked the 50th anniversary of the arrival of the first 500 settlers from the Caribbean on the troopship, MV Empire Windrush, in May 1948). John was involved in the launch of the Windrush season and contributed a poetic summary of the season for the Windrush show-reel.
News of his residency provoked a great deal of national media activity including interviews on South Today, Newsnight, BBC Southern Counties Radio, BBC Radio Leeds, The Media Show, BBC Radio Scotland and GLR's The Robert Elms Show. Interviews and poems appeared in the Independent on Sunday, the Independent and the Times Educational Supplement.
In March, John performed a specially composed poem, 'Remember the Ship', at The Runnymede Conference on Citizenship and Identity, which was widely regarded as one of the highlights of the conference.
April continued with live readings, newspaper publications and poems on the web. For World Book Day on 23 April, he performed another specially composed poem, 'Books Make Good Pets', at the Globe Theatre, which featured on the World Book Day Website and was subsequently performed on Blue Peter and Newsround. Another poem, 'What has Ariel learnt from Caliban's books' was published in the BBC in-house newspaper, Ariel. He also filmed four Video Nation shorts, which were screened in May and picked by the Observer's Jay Rayner as a highlight of the evening's viewing schedule.
On 27 April, he took part in a Windrush evening, performing a selection of poems to the audience, which included Windrush passengers and a cross-section of BBC staff. In May, the Windrush season was launched on BBC2.
In June, John took part in a poetry reading at a recorded GLR debate at Lewisham theatre. He appeared on Blue Peter, reading his poem, 'Windrush Child', which he also read at a a reception later that month at the Foreign Office hosted by Robin Cook. This was followed by readings at Southwark Council Chamber, in Ealing, and a commemoration ceremony at Tilbury docks and Thurrock convention centre, where a plaque was unveiled, engraved with one of John's poems, as a lasting monument to HMS Windrush. John attended a reception at St. James' Palace, at which Prince Charles quoted from his poem in a speech (believed to be something of a royal first).
Towards the end of his six-month residency, John was one of the poets performing on the HMS President at the South Bank, and he was filmed for The Learning Zone Windrush programmes.
John spent a great amount of time building up relationships with BBC staff, particularly those in the Education Department, as well as hanging around in the bar and other places of staff social activity. His residency was a dazzling success in every area. The BBC were so pleased with his residency through the Poetry Places scheme that they employed him for a further six months at their own expense.
Understandably, the notion of poets in corporate places did arouse much media attention. People wondered - would haikus be popping out of the soil of Gardeners' Question Time? Would saucy odes be sprinkled over cookery programmes? Could we expect the weather forecast in rhyming couplets?
But poetry sensitises us to language and to human connectedness, so it should have a role to play in an organisation whose motto is 'And nation shall speak peace unto nation'. As the BBC enters and shapes the age of digital broadcasting, I feel there is a need to imaginatively embrace poetry into the wider fabric of programming as a way of engaging the soul of audiences.


This Home has 0 bedroom, 0 full bathroom and approximately 1184 sqft.~This property is up for Auction because the owner couldn't make their payments, even after a grace period expired. This property will be sold to the highest bidder at the location below, or at the county courthouse on the date listed. It is possible to win an auction at an attractive price, especially if few bidders show up. If available, the auction's starting minimum bid (the smallest amount you can offer for the home) is provided.
Beautiful piece of land in well establish neighborhood ready to built your dream home.
This home is located in Brownsville, TX 78526 US and has been listed on Homes.com since 22 November 2018 and is currently priced at $95,200, approximately $95200 per square foot. The house is within the school district(s) Brownsville Independent School District with nearby schools including Pullam Elementary School, Stillman Middle School, and Veterans Memorial Early College High School. Similar properties nearby are 23 Meadow Ln, 301 Sugar Grove Ln, 2916 Andorra St, 272 Sugar Grove Ln, 2937 Andorra St, 2524 Hamburg St, 2844 Gibraltar St, 3062 Albans Dr, 2832 Gibraltar St, and 3324 Ticonderoga Dr.


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Plato, "Crito", and should we obey bad laws?
by Rufus F. · May 20, 2010
Now we come to the dialogue "Crito", which poses the question: What does the individual owe his society? Specifically, if living in a society means obeying the "laws of the land", do we owe it to our fellow citizens to obey or defy laws that are unjust or wrongheaded? Given Plato's rather dim view of Athenian democracy, we might imagine the dialogue would argue against obeying the city's laws, but instead he finds a justification to support the laws, regardless of the will of the people, that is so authoritarian we might wonder if Socrates was served well by this particular student. Also it raises the question of whether or not we have a sort of civic duty to break bad laws.
The dialogue begins with the student Crito visiting Socrates in jail, where he is being held after having been condemned to die by the Athenian jury for impiety, as described in the Apology. Crito tries to convince Socrates to flee, telling him that his death will harm his friends' reputation, which his trial has shown can bring fatal consequences; escape would be easy and cheap; he has safe places to live in exile; and by submitting to the sentence he is upholding an injustice and committing a greater injustice against his sons and friends. We might feel that breaking out of prison is shameful; but this requires us to believe that Socrates has some obligation to honor an unjust sentence, which he doesn't.
An interesting point here is that Socrates agrees wholeheartedly with Crito about the bulk of "ordinary people", grousing that they have no power to make people wise (and thus good). In the next section, he tells Crito not to worry about the popular opinion because one should always prefer expert opinion to majority opinion, especially in matters of the soul. Let's take this as the typical Platonic argument against democracy- under the popular regime, the soul is not improved and the few good people are killed. Again, Plato is not a believer in democracy. So why in the world does Socrates accept the ruling of these brutish "ordinary people" and insist on staying in prison?
Socrates speaks first of contractual obligations: it would be dishonorable to violate his obligations to Athens by escaping. The name of lawbreaker would adhere to him (even though he just told Crito not to worry about his own name!). Next, he introduces the voice of the Laws: there is an agreement between the citizen and the Laws akin to that between a parent and child- he obeys them and is, in turn, brought up by those Laws to be good. The paternal concern of the Laws for their child is strikingly authoritarian and it's hard not to think some of this authoritarianism comes from Plato. And now he's shifted from speaking in contractual terms to speaking of laws as pedagogical.
It's really hard to understand Socrates's crime, which is described as harming public piety, but which is different from what we today call "morals" offenses. In reality, it seems that there are actually two classes of crimes in society. The first are those we agree not to commit because doing so directly harms another person and we would not want that harm visited upon us: stealing, murder, rape, assault, fraud, etc would fit into this category. Obeying these laws is something like a mutual contract with all members of the society. I think most of us accept these laws as necessary insurance for our own well-being.
As the regulatory power of a political body grows, we seem to develop a second class of crimes, consisting of acts which do not harm others by their performance, but could harm others through secondary effects. Take prostitution- paying for sex, in itself, isn't particularly harmful; but it could unwittingly spread disease, harm marriages, or expose children to behavior considered immoral. The use of drugs doesn't, in itself, harm another person; but a drug user might hurt someone else while "out of their mind" on drugs, or eat up social services for treatment. Adultery could, perhaps, be considered a kind of fraud. Illegal immigration, meanwhile, does no harm in itself, but could also drain social services or promote a general disregard for laws in general. Impiety would seem to be in this class.
What's fascinating about what I'd (tentatively) call "secondary harm" laws is that the public outcry against their criminals is both harder to justify than that against primary harm criminals, while being much more vehement. For example, when I was a child, the local parents led a crusade against the video game Pac-Man because the "power pellets" he chomped could encourage children to take drugs. And Tiger Woods can testify about the public's fierce disapproval of adultery, very few of whom were actually harmed by his wayward penis. Meanwhile, the crusade against illegal immigration has portrayed this as the ur-crime- the only one that gives one the existential status of "an illegal". Commit any other crime and your actions are illegal; commit this one and you–as-such are illegal. The crime, incidentally, is standing on a piece of land without the proper approval of the state.
Actually, I remember, as a kid, having conversations with frustratingly authoritarian anti-gay Virginians when sodomy was still illegal in which they made no effort at all to justify the law. They would say, "Gays are living an illegal lifestyle!" I would ask, "Do you actually think that two people committing a consensual sex act in their own homes should be a crime?" They would respond, "I have no idea whether it's a good law or not, but they're breaking it! They're criminals!"
Because it is harder to justify laws against crimes that quite likely don't hurt others, we've all probably violated a few. Speeding on a busy freeway is much more clearly dangerous than speeding on a lonely stretch of road- so many of us have done the second. Recently, I violated one of the drug laws while relaxing at home with my wife. The "harm" caused by our crime- we giggled a lot and had the best sex of our lives. Should I turn myself in?
Surprisingly, Socrates would actually say, "Yes!" because he thinks it's dishonorable to violate any law. Even worse, by mentioning the crime here, I am harming the souls of everyone reading this. Not only does he see secondary harm to the soul as a valid concern- it's more important than any physical harm. His crusade against the poets, for example, is based on the idea that they make us bad people through their art. While he is sometimes seen as a martyr to "free speech" for his death, he was against it. His argument here is that we obey the Laws because violating any law is to violate the Laws as an overarching structure of authority. The key idea in all this is pedagogy- the Laws teach us to be good because we obey them, even if they're bad laws. Again, it's pedagogical; not contractual.
Plato's argument is even more authoritarian: he says we have an obligation, for honor and the good of our soul, to obey unjust laws and even to accept unfair punishment for laws we haven't broken. His position is frankly untenable. Why is it so honorable to be put to death for a law you haven't violated? His answer seems to be that the privilege to live in society justifies any injustice that might go along with it, but by choosing the unjust punishment, Socrates is sanctioning injustice against himself.
It's hard, therefore, not to see the Crito dialogue, and the way that Plato portrays the death of Socrates, as a sort of bomb lobbed at Athenian democracy. Socrates is "honorable" for upholding his end of the contract, but the Athenians have clearly killed an innocent man due to their own ignorance and hysteria. As far as I can tell, Plato sees this as the inevitable outcome of democratic governance. The people will demand bad laws be written and enforced as a means to persecute superior individuals. Mobocracy will rule.
Make no mistake: Plato is not opposed to the Laws- the Republic suggests he'd like a lot more of them. But his authoritarian impulse is tied to his faith that, if the right experts made enough of the right laws, without the interference of the mob, the average person could be made better. This is, incidentally, the faith of many authoritarians. I prefer to think that the real Socrates would have thought it was nonsense.
Previous Platonic Posts:
The Symposium
Jason on The Symposium
Timaeus/ Critias
Republic (1)
Euthyphro
(Just for reference purposes. Obviously, we've still got some good dialogues left.)
Rufus F.
Rufus is an American curmudgeon in Canada. He has a PhD in History, sings in a garage rock band, and does a bunch of other stuff.
Great Moments in Minority Outreach
In which…
The Novelist and the Civil War
1. To an extent, I think the distinction you're trying to make is roughly equivalent to the distinction between the legal concepts of malum in se and malum prohibitum. The one exception of the items you've listed would arguably be adultery.
2. I think this helps explain why you found my interpretation of the Euthyphro (which allows that the role of gods can just as easily be played by the State and that "piety" can mean morality more generally) to be unique. I tend to have a fairly low regard for the Crito (not to mention the Republic), and so have always wound up treating the Euthyphro as a stand-alone dialogue, even though this is absolutely not how you should treat the Euthyphro if you're trying to understand what Plato was getting at. As a stand-alone work, the Euthyphro intrigues the hell out of me and stimulates all sorts of endless thoughts in my mind. As a follow-up, the Crito thus seems to me like Godfather III: so painfully disappointing that it actually makes you lose a little bit of respect for I and II, so you just decide to pretend that Godfather III never happened. If that analogy doesn't work for you, then feel free to substitute "Rocky V" or "Karate Kid III." Or Super Bowls XXV-XXVIII.
Wait. I just remembered that there really weren't any Super Bowls XXV-XXVIII. I feel so much better all of a sudden.Report
Rufus F. in reply to Mark Thompson
@Mark Thompson, I figured there's probably a real legal term there that I didn't know. I went back and forth on adultery- it definitely causes emotional distress, but I couldn't decide it it's actually a direct assault on the spouse. Probably so.
To your second point, there are scholars who actually argue that the Crtio can't possibly be a Plato dialogue for similar reasons- not only is it so dissatisfying given other things he's written, but stylistically it's much different from any of the other dialogues.
Incidentally, I've realized there are still dialogues I'd like to get to aside from Phaedo- I hope nobody gets the idea we're talking about a zombie Socrates.Report
Paul B in reply to Mark Thompson
@Mark Thompson,
I'm not sure modern legal distinctions are helpful here. Athenian law was conceived as ordering the city's relation to its gods, and crimes were punished not because of any harm they may or may not have done to the victim but because they introduced a ritual pollution that invited divine wrath. Examples from mythology abound (think of Oedipus, or the plague the beginning of the Iliad), but this was a live issue in the 5th century: Alcibiades was sentenced to death in absentia for, among other things, the mutilation of the Herms.
Obviously Socrates doesn't accept those notions uncritically — we can see that in the Euthyphro and the talk about his daimon in the Apology — but I think they inform the way he dismisses Crito's concerns and frames the discussion in terms of the corruption of his own soul.Report
Rufus F. in reply to Paul B
@Paul B, Yeah, I see what you mean. I just find his attitude in Crito a bit weird. It seems like Socrates should be breaking down the case against obeying the law instead of disagreeing with Crito on this one.
It is helpful to see the laws as governing the relationship between the civic order and the divine order.Report
@Paul B, Your comment that the law "was conceived as ordering the city's relation to its gods" has gotten me wondering if I'm not looking at the whole situation anachronistically and maybe the secular law isn't a lot more recent that I tend to think of it. Do you know when the view of the law started to change towards the contractual model?Report
Paul B in reply to Rufus F.
@Rufus F.,
It's hard to say. I learned Greek law as a kind of antithesis of Roman law, where we do see a clear historical progression from a system based on status (and thus religiously derived order) towards one based on contract. But the Greek sources are a lot sketchier (and biased, since they're pretty much all legal speeches arguing particular sides of a particular cases), so maybe there was more going on than we know. At any rate, I don't want to say that Socrates was completely hemmed in by tradition — the idea here of a social contract really is new.
I think a key part of that idea (it comes up at least twice in a fairly short dialogue) is the notion that Socrates had every right to argue against the laws before his conviction, but having failed to change them must now abide by his sentence. This seems right to me, but then again I'm more interested (as I think Socrates was) in individual ethics than in political philosophy proper.
With that in mind, it might be useful to conceive of Socrates as an early advocate of civil disobedience who would agree with Thoreau/Tolstoy/Gandhi/King that the only place for a just man in an unjust society is prison — but now I suspect I'm the one being anachronistic!Report
@Paul B, I think my mistake was in seeing him as arguing for a social contract in the early part of the dialogue and not the latter, when he really probably is not. I think I was projecting backwards, thinking of the attempts to codify Roman law, which I do think get more at the idea of a social contract.
It's definitely hard to say what Socrates had in mind, but I do think that's how Plato is trying to portray him- as the martyr to an unjust mobocracy. I've heard some writers take the position that Plato thought Socrates should be put to death and really was guilty; but that strikes me as stretching things a lot more than seeing him as advocating civil disobedience, which seems more plausible.Report
Tim Ellis in reply to Mark Thompson
@Mark Thompson: Super Bowl? What Super Bowl? I'm still hanging in there for a Bills victory in their first-ever attempt.
Collective amnesia is as awesome as it is useful.Report
Kyle R. Cupp
To what extent, if at all, do you see laws as having a pedagogical role? Should lawmakers be concerned with improving the souls of the citizens?Report
Tim Ellis in reply to Kyle R. Cupp
@Kyle R. Cupp, Yes, insofar as lawmakers should be concerned with providing citizens a framework within which they are able to improve their own souls.Report
Rufus F. in reply to Kyle R. Cupp
@Kyle R. Cupp, I guess I'm skeptical that it can work that way. With teaching, the first comparison I can think of is to the strict rules we often have to come up with at the beginning of a semester. Students follow them, but I don't know if they've really learned anything other than that the instructor is a hard-ass. That's got it's benefits too. But with laws that are intended to make us better people, I can't tell if I've actually learned anything, or am just avoiding punishment. I mean I've never been to a prostitute, but that's probably more about the message I got from my mother, girlfriends, and my wife about prostitution than the law.
I don't know. Can you think of a law that improved your thinking on a particular issue?Report
"Why is it so honorable to be put to death for a law you haven't violated? His answer seems to be that the privilege to live in society justifies any injustice that might go along with it, but by choosing the unjust punishment, Socrates is sanctioning injustice against himself."
Oliver Wendell Holmes (ptooey) made a similar argument to the section I bolded in the case Buck v. Bell.
We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the State for these lesser sacrifices, often not felt to be such by those concerned, in order to prevent our being swamped with incompetence. It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes.
Of course, if one doesn't like it, one always has the option of Somalia.
Or, I suppose, one could drink hemlock.
You use public sidewalks, right?Report
Rufus F. in reply to Jaybird
@Jaybird, I wonder if there's anywhere left on the planet where you wouldn't have the privileges or responsibilities of society whether you'd like them or not? Surely there are still some lawless places left…Report
Jaybird in reply to Rufus F.
@Rufus F., maybe that place you go after you drink the hemlock?Report
@Jaybird, I remember reading an essay by an anarchist in which he argued that the year in which the entire earth had been mapped was deeply tragic for humankind because there was no undiscovered place left. Probably one could make a similar case about the places governed on earth.Report
I think this also goes the role that people see for themselves as political inferiors (those who simply figure out what the law is and obey it) and superiors (those who determine what the law should be). A political inferior may simply see the role of government or the role of a ruler as providing order and security in return for the inhabitants paying tribute and not revolting. If those inhabitants accept the authority of the gov't/ruler but object to the manner in which the authority is exercised, then they would seem to be transitioning from inferior to superior. Rather than asking whether the superior has a "duty" to disobey laws that they are objecting to, I think a broader question would be whether they have a duty make some kind of attempt – either through disobedience or some other form of communication – to attempt to alter the law. Disobedience is one tool of many. Socrates may very well have been communicating, by way of his actions and his seemingly heroic/irrational adherence to authority, something that could influence a change in the law.Report
Rufus F. in reply to TJM
@TJM, I guess it's hard to know what Socrates was thinking, although we have other verification that he really was aloof in the face of all of this. I think that might be what Plato was trying to do in his account of it- it's nearly impossible to read the dialogue and not think that the Athenian justice system needs to go.
Of course, what he'd seemingly like is just the same thing but with our natural superiors serving as our superiors, instead of the rabble.Report
Let's tie everything together into a nice, neat bow.
Would Socrates have argued that everybody ought to have followed Jim Crow laws?Report
@Jaybird, Well he discusses a similar issue in the Republic, suggesting that the legal limits on women are really unjustifiable through biological differences, but it seems to me that he doesn't suggest defying the law- just that society would be much better off if an aristocracy of intellect was making the laws, and that in that ideal situation, they probably wouldn't place any restrictions on women. But, since he seems to accept the rule of the rabble in this dialogue, and thus the world he's stuck with… I think he'd recognize the problems with the Jim Crow laws, and certainly undermine them in his discussions, but still accept them in the end.Report
@Rufus F., my issue isn't with "I think that this is an unjust law but I will follow it anyway because that's how I roll."
More power to anybody who says that.
My problem is with "I think that this is an unjust law but you had better follow it. Hell, everybody had better follow it."
At that point, one is forcing others to act unjustly. If one wishes to damn oneself, one ought have that right.
One ought not damn others.Report
@Jaybird, So which is Socrates doing? Because he's definitely doing the first- saying he'll follow the law, even if it's unjust, because he's honorable. But it seems like- by saying that following the law regardless in order to be honorable- he's saying his students should follow unjust laws. I think that's one of Crito's complaints that hits home- he's implicating his students and sons in injustice too. Also, Crito's right that the students are going to be criticized for letting Socrates die- it's probably why Plato wrote the dialogue.
On the other hand, I can't see how he couldn't force them to side with injustice, given that Socrates was resolved to stay in prison, unless they knocked him out or something. Since he's resolved to roll that way, they really don't have much choice but to go along with it.Report
@Rufus F., well, I'll say what I said in our thread for the Gorgias:
Socrates was a thorn in the side of the powerful. His rhetoric skills were unmatched. He could make someone who argued that 2+2=4 and that bacon and eggs were good didn't know what he was talking about and shouldn't be taken seriously. He, of course, spent most of his time poking not only good and decent folk like Callicles but people with, let me capitalize this, POLITICAL POWER.
The people with political power *HATED* Socrates. While Socrates just loved to play the game, the folks with power had something to lose. They finally got into a staring match with Socrates and Socrates *REFUSED* to lose. Indeed, he refused to let his opponents pretend to win. They accused him of corrupting the youth and he said "that's a capital offense, is it not?" and they said "yep" and he said "meet me on such and such a date where you, yourself, can give me the hemlock".
They tried for exile, they tried for commuted sentence, they tried for probation.
Socrates drank it and gave a rooster to Asclepius.Report
@Jaybird, That's true- the only attempt he really makes to argue them out of it- saying they should really be putting him on the state payroll and treating him as a cherished citizen- is clearly impossible for them to accept. I do wonder if he didn't think the damage to the name of "Athenian democracy" didn't make death a small price to pay.Report
sam in reply to Jaybird
"The people with political power *HATED* Socrates. "
You know, I think the very best place to go to for how Athenians looked at Socrates is Aristophanes's The Clouds. In the Apology Plato argues that Socrates's precarious position in Athens was in very large part due to Aristophanes, but I think, from my reading, Aristophanes wasn't so much shaping opinion, as following it. Aristophanes's attack on Socrates is what we'd call today a "populist" attack — he's attacking Socrates as some kind of out-of-touch elitist, whose techniques and teaching work a corrupting influence on the basic decency of the Athenian demos. So, while I don't deny that the powers that be had it in for Socrates, he wasn't all that well received by the folks at large, either.Report
Paul B in reply to Jaybird
@Jaybird,
This conversation popped up while I was taking too long to write my comment above, so I'll repeat myself:
"It might be useful to conceive of Socrates as an early advocate of civil disobedience who would agree with Thoreau/Tolstoy/Gandhi/King that the only place for a just man in an unjust society is prison."
To elaborate: I don't really see argument in Crito as saying that we must obey unjust laws, but that we must accept the punishment for breaking them.Report
Jaybird in reply to Paul B
@Paul B, they offered him a cornucopia of punishments and it looked like the authorities were looking for any number of outs for Socrates, though.
They offered exile and they offered "apologize".
I can see how the latter might be a punishment worse than death but the former?Report
Well, the line that "the unexamined life is not worth living" comes in the Apology when Socrates is dismissing exile as a proposed sentence. If he'd have to hold his tongue to avoid trouble in some other city (and it's not like there were any Greek cities more tolerant than Athens), he might as well drink the hemlock.Report
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