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I. Leó vagy Nagy Szent Leó (), (kb. 390 – 461. november 10.) volt a 45. pápa, aki Szent Péter trónját elfoglalhatta. 440. szeptember 29-étől uralkodott az egész egyház felett, és több mint 21 éves uralkodása alatt megváltoztatta a keresztény világot. Alapjaiban szilárdította meg Róma hatalmát. A pápa befolyása az élet és a romjaiba dőlt birodalom minden területén soha nem látott mértékű lett. Munkássága után méltán kapta meg az utókortól a "Nagy" jelzőt.

Származása és életpályája

A Liber Pontificalis szerint Toszkánában született. Életéről egyéb forrás nem is maradt fenn. Szent hivatást választott magának, és iskoláit kiemelkedő eredményekkel végezte. Alapos teológiai tudással rendelkezett, de e mellé társult jó politikai készsége, tekintélytudata és spekulatív készsége. Már igen korán ismertté vált a klérus körében és a császári udvarban. I. Celesztin pápa idején lett Róma diakónusa, majd III. Szixtusz pápa fődiakónusának nevezte ki. Tekintélyének növekedését mutatta, hogy Alexandriai Kürillosz pátriárka őt kereste meg levelével, hogy kérje meg Celesztint, hogy védje meg őt Juvenálosz jeruzsálemi görög pátriárka túlkapásai ellen. Politikai képességeit maga a császár is kamatoztatta, ugyanis 440-ben Galliába küldte Leót, hogy kibékítse Flavius Aëtius főparancsnokot és Albinus szenátort. Amíg úton volt a gallok földje felé III. Szixtusz meghalt, és a római zsinat Leót választotta meg pápának. Ezzel a korai keresztény történelem legenergikusabb pontifikátusa vette kezdetét.

Eretnekség és befolyás
Felszentelése után több beszédet is tartott, és pápává választásának évfordulóján mindig maga köré gyűjtötte a papokat, püspököket és a híveket, és tanította őket. Leggyakrabban arról beszélt, hogy ő Szent Péter leszármazottja, és ezért az egyház feje. Mindössze egy a püspökök közül, akik saját egyházmegyéjükért felelnek, míg ő az egész keresztény nyájért felel majd Isten színe előtt.

Aquileia és a pelagiánusok

Uralkodásának kezdetén szemébe ötlött, hogy egy itáliai egyházmegyében, Aquileiában visszafogadták a keresztény egyházba a pelagiánusokat anélkül, hogy azok megtagadták volna hitelveiket, vagy megbánták volna bűneiket. Leó azonnal levelet írt az egyházmegye vezetőinek, amelyben elítélte az eljárást, és kötelezte őket, hogy menjenek Rómába és ott egy zsinat előtt feleljenek tettükért.

Manicheusok Rómában
Leó legfontosabb teendői közé sorolta a szent város, Róma tisztán tartását. Ezért nagy erőkkel szállt vitába a 439-ben a vandálok támadásai elől Észak-Afrikából a városba menekült manicheusokkal. A titkos szerveződés 443-ban került napvilágra. Ekkor Leó nyilvános vitát rendezett, amelyre odarendelte a manicheusok vezetőit. Elégettette könyveiket és figyelmeztette a rómaiakat a veszélyre. Elmagyarázta, hogy miben rejlik tanításaik hibája. Hatására III. Valentinianus 445-ben törvényt adott ki a manicheus szekta ellen. Ennek értelmében az elvesztette római polgári jogait, aki ennek az eretnek tanításnak a hatása alá kerül.

Priszcilliánusok Hispaniában
Turibius, a hispaniai Astorga püspöke írt levelet a pápának, amelyben aggodalmát fejezte ki a priszcillianizmus terjedésével kapcsolatban. Leónak éppen kapóra jött ez az ürügy, hogy a távolodó Hispániában ismét megszilárdítsa Róma hatalmát. Válaszát 447-ben írta meg, amiben Leó tizenhat fejezetben pontról pontra cáfolta a priszcilliánusok tanítását, amely megítélése szerint pogány csillagászatból és gnosztikus-keresztény elemekből álló eretnekség, és megfelelő büntetéseket helyezett kilátásba számukra.

Mauretania, Campania, Toszkána, Szicília és Alexandria

A birodalom afrikai provinciái lassan elestek a vandálok támadása során. Azonban volt egy pár harcias terület, amely megóvta saját magát a támadástól. Ilyen terület volt Mauretania is, amelynek elszigeteltsége lehetővé tette a pápa befolyásának növelését. Ezt maximálisan ki is használta Leó.

443-ban Campania és Toszkána provinciáknak is írt egy levelet, amelyben felhívta a figyelmet az egyházi szabályok és törvények betartására. 447-ben pedig a szicíliai klérust fedte meg, mert a húsvéti szokásokat nem úgy tartották meg, ahogyan az elő volt írva. Rómába hívatta a sziget egyházi vezetőit, hogy megtanulják a misék helyes rendjét.

445-ben Alexandria trónjára új pátriárka ülhetett. Leó azonnal kihasználta az adódó alkalmat, és Dioszkurosz pátriárkát sarokba szorította dogmatikai elvekkel, miszerint ő Szent Péter leszármazottja, és ezért neki engedelmeskednie kell a pápai akaratnak. Így befolyását immár egész Észak-Afrikára kiterjesztette.

Illíria
A pápai befolyás Illíriában sok fejtörést okozott az 5. század egyházfőinek. Földrajzilag ugyanis közel esett Konstantinápolyhoz, és ezért gyakran a pátriárka szavai döntöttek a kelet-adriai tartományban. Már I. Damáz pápa is Thesszaloniké püspökére bízta a terület irányítását, és I. Ince pápa egész Görögország területét és Dáciát a püspök felügyelete alá helyezte. Leó 444-ben kiadott egy pásztorlevelet, amelyben megerősítette a thesszalonikéi vikárius jogait, és felszólította Illíria püspökeit, hogy engedelmeskedjenek a vikáriusnak, és mindenekelőtt Rómának. Az kemény hangvétel itt is megszilárdította a pápa hatalmát.

Az arles-i bonyodalmak
Galliában már Zószimosz pápa pontifikátusa óta rendezetlen viszonyok uralták az egyházat. Annak idején egy Patroclus nevű püspök szerezte meg a tartomány vikáriusi székét, ráadásul törvénytelenül. Az ő utódát Hilariusnak hívták. Ő is örökölte az arles-i püspöki címmel együtt egész Galliára vonatkozó hatalmát, és mindent megtett azért, hogy függetlenítse magát Rómától. Leó nem nézte jó szemmel ténykedését, és az ürügyet Celidonius, Besançon püspöke adta meg. Celidoniust ugyanis minden magyarázat nélkül leváltották. Leó Rómába hívatta Hilariust, hogy feleljen tettéért. A gyorsan összehívott zsinaton Hilarius nem akarta elismerni Leó jogát a pápai trónra, de effajta védekezése nem sokat ért. Leó megfosztotta vikáriusi jogaitól, elvette Vienne területét, és saját egyházmegyéjébe szorította vissza Hilariust. Miután Róma befolyása ismét a régi volt Galliában, Leó attól tartott, hogy világi támogatás nélkül esetleg fellázadhatnak hatalma ellen. Így megkereste III. Valentinianust segítségért. A császár belátta, hogy birodalmát csak úgy tudja egyben tartani, ha az egyház szervezete egységes. Ezért 445. június 6-án kiadta híres rendeletét, amely kinyilatkoztatta Róma püspökének primátusát az egyházban, amelyet Szent Péter jogutódjaként gyakorolhat. Ennél azonban sokkal fontosabb volt a rendelet azon része, amely kimondta, hogy amit az Apostoli Szentszék meghatározott vagy a jövőben fog meghatározni, az törvényerővel bír. Vagyis az állam ettől kezdve összefonódott az egyházzal, és védte, segítette azt.

Monofiziták

Leó legádázabb vitáit a monofizitákkal vívta, akiknek vezetőjét Eutükhésznek hívták. Ez az ember kolostori elöljáró volt a birodalom keleti részén. Tanításaiban azt hirdette, hogy Jézus nem volt igazán ember, csak isteni eredetét ismerte el. Ez alapjaiban rengette volna meg Jézus a megváltó szerepét. 448-ban a Flavianus pátriárka által összehívott konstantinápolyi zsinaton eretnekségnek bélyegezték meg Eutükhész tanait. A monofizita vezető egyszerre fellebbezett Leóhoz, és a bizánci császárhoz, II. Theodosiushoz, akinek befolyásos barátja volt. Leó 449. június 13-án felelt Eutükhésznek híres dogmatikus levelében, a Tomában. Ebben mesteri pontossággal fejti ki a Szentírásra és a keresztelési hitvallásra támaszkodva a Jézus egy személyére és két össze nem keveredett természetére vonatkozó tanítást, mely szerint mindkét természet, az isteni is, az emberi is, a másikkal összekapcsoltan végzi sajátos tevékenységeit.

Zsinatok
Eutükhész nem volt megelégedve a pápa válaszával, ezért Dioszkurosz alexandriai pápához fordult segítségért. Dioszkorosz Theodosius segítségével 449-ben zsinatot hívott össze Epheszoszban.

Rablózsinat
A 449-ben Epheszoszban megtartott zsinaton (lásd: II. epheszoszi zsinat) Leó legnagyobb ellenfelei gyűltek össze. Eutükhész felolvasta tanait, amelyet a zsinat megvitatott, és igazolni akarta annak valós tartalmát. A pápa levelét nem engedték felolvasni. A monofiziták tanait végül elfogadták. Leó tiltakozását fejezte ki a császárnál, és "rablózsinatnak" nevezte az Epheszoszban összegyűlt tanácskozást. A császár nem engedett, és továbbra is kitartott a rablózsinat döntése mellett, azonban 450 júliusában hirtelen meghalt. A birodalom élére Marcianus császár állhatott, akinek legfőbb célja az egység elérése volt. Ezt csak a pápa segítségével tudta elérni, így Leó pártjára állt. Azt javasolta, hogy Nikaiában hívjanak össze egy egyetemes zsinatot, amelyen rendezik Eutükhész ügyeit. Leónak most már nem állt feltétlen érdekében újabb zsinatot összehívni, mert látta, hogy érdekei rendeződtek.

Khalkédóni zsinat
A császár nyomására végül mégis összehívott egy zsinatot a kis-ázsiai Khalkédónban, amelyet 451. október 8-án nyitottak meg. Leó pápát csak követei képviselték a zsinaton. A vitát a császári biztosok vezették le. Élénk vita alakult ki Eutükhész ügyében, azonban Leó levelének felolvasása után a zsinat egyértelműen elutasította a monofiziták tanítását, és kiközösítette őket az egyházból.

A zsinat további része azonban már nem Leó szája íze szerint folytatódott. Ugyanis az új konstantinápolyi pátriárka, Anatoliosz hasonló jogokat szavaztatott meg magának, mint ami a római pápának van, bár annak elsőbbségét elismerte. Leó már hiába írt levelet Anatoliosznak, a zsinat elfogadta a jogokat. A zsinat után egészen 460-ig monofizita zavargások és felkelések söpörtek végig Palesztinában és Alexandriában. A pápa közbenjárására a császári erők tettek rendet.

Leó, a béke atyja
A zavargások olyan időben történtek a birodalom déli részein, amikor a központi tájakon is harcok dúltak. 452-ben Attila a hunok fejedelme tört be Itáliába, és Róma felé vonult. III. Valentinianus Ravenna erős falai mögé vonult. A pápa tanácsadói is a menekülést javasolták Leónak. Ekkor Leó egy különösen finoman megmunkált arany karperecet emelt fel az asztalról, és a legenda szerint a következőt mondta: Ez a hunok munkája. Egy nép, amelyik ilyen műalkotásokra képes, hajlandó lesz az Élet igéjének befogadására is. Misszionárius munkát hirdetett a hunok között. Leó kíséretével Mantovánál találkozott Attilával. A pápának sikerült elérnie, hogy a hunok megkíméljék Rómát, és békét kössenek a birodalommal. (Ebben állítólag szerepet játszott az is, hogy táborukban járvány tört ki, de ehelyett egyöntetűen az maradt meg az utókorban, hogy Attila égi látomás hatására gyakorolt kegyelmet Róma fölött, lásd Raffaello freskóján.)

455-ben ismét latba kellett vetnie minden politikai befolyását, ugyanis Rómát újabb veszély fenyegette. Amikor III. Valentinianus császár gyilkosság áldozata lett, az Észak-Afrikát dúló Geiserich vandál király elérkezettnek látta az időt, hogy Róma ellen vonuljon. Ostiában kötött ki flottája. A rómaiak menekülni kezdtek, mert az új császárt, Petronius Maximust katonái megölték. A kritikus helyzetben Leó ismét egy delegáció élére állt, és találkozott vandál Geiserichhel. Az azonnali elvonulást nem tudta elérni, de a vandálok megígérték, hogy nem égetik föl Rómát, és nem ölik le a lakosságot. Amikor a zsákmánnyal megrakott vandál hajók kifutottak az ostiai kikötőből, a rómaiak tudták, hogy életüket Leó pápának köszönhetik.

Egy életmű vége
Minden sikeres politikai tevékenysége ellenére Leó igazi nagysága abban rejlik, ahogyan Szent Péter utódjának, a pápának hivatalát a többi püspökkel tartott kapcsolatában, az egyház belső szervezetének kérdéseiben, a tévtanok elhárításában és az evangélium hirdetésében napról napra betöltötte.

Levelezése úgy mutatja őt, mint az egyház harcosát, aki hivatalának erejénél fogva az igaz hitet és a keresztény életet akarta megvédeni az egész Egyházban. Prédikációiból megismerhetjük a püspököt, aki buzgón törekszik arra, hogy hívő népét tanítsa. Nyelvezete tele van olyan találó fordulatokkal, amelyek illettek hallgatóságához; ugyanakkor mesteri módon él az antik retorika eszköztárával is. Tanításában a teológiát a legalapvetőbb tételeiben ragadta meg. XIV. Benedek pápa joggal iktatta őt az egyháztanítók sorába, s ezzel megadta a kellő tiszteletet ennek a szent pápának, aki hivatásának megfelelően mindenkinek mindene volt.

Végül 461. november 10-én halt meg. Hamvait I. Szergiusz pápa vitette át a Szent Péter-bazilikába.

Művei

Források

 Catholic Encyclopedia
 Enciclopedia Italiana

 Gergely Jenő: A pápaság története
 Csizmazia Placid: Nagy Szent Leó beszédei. Irodalomtörténeti és stilisztikai tanulmány; Stephaneum Ny., Bp., 1942 (Ciszterci doktori értekezések)

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
A pápaság története
Római pápák listája
Római pápák listája grafikusan

5. századi püspökök
Ókori teológusok
Szentté avatott pápák
Egyháztanítók
A Római Birodalom szentjei
A 390-es években született személyek
461-ben elhunyt személyek


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HomeSport News
Interview with Kurban Berdyev
The republic of Tatarstan will eventually be the powerhouse of Russian football and hockey, according to Kurban Berdyev, the coach and Vice President of FC Rubin Kazan. Rubin were crowned Russia's football champions recently and Berdyev gave an exclusive interview.
RT: Thank you so much for your time. You cannot imagine how hard it was for us to reach you. This is a great honour for us and for our Arabic audience. The Russian Championship has several serious clubs, such as CSKA with their Brazilian players and Zenit, who won the UEFA Cup recently. What's the secret of your club's success in such a strong competition?
K.B.: First of all I believe it's our team. It's also a certain level of technical mastery, of course. We've invited some quite experienced and qualified football players. But nonetheless I believe that we've had quite a solid team this year, and it will hopefully stay like this next year too. Its members are ambitious and willing to fight until the end. We never made it our task to become champions, until we entered the UEFA zone, of course. Then we made it our task immediately. After our third game, when we beat Zenit in St. Petersburg, I realised that our team could actually aim at something greater. I was even more certain after the seventh match when we beat Dinamo in Moscow. Then I realised that we'd managed to build a really determined and ambitious team for the first time in many years. We've definitely had our failures which had nonetheless proven our team's perseverance.
RT: The team faces a real challenge in the Champions League next season. What are your plans and hopes for this tournament?
K.B.: Several positions certainly have to be strengthened. I've already discussed it with our president, Mintimer Shaimiyev. He's confirmed that these positions have to be strengthened. Time will tell what players we'll get. I cannot tell you this today. But the fact that several positions have to be strengthened is for certain.
RT: Have you started thinking about the team for next season? Will the international crisis affect your opportunities?
K.B.: I hope it will not affect the opportunities of our sponsors. I'm really counting on it. We have a number of players already. We've been holding negotiations with clubs in Europe and Latin America. We have certain arrangements with clubs already. I hope everything will be alright for us.
RT: How long does your contract with Rubin last for? Have you received any offers from other clubs?
K.B.: My contract actually runs out in 20 days. We haven't talked about renewing it. But I believe it will not be a problem. As far as other clubs are concerned, I haven't received any invitations from foreign clubs but I wouldn't even consider them. I believe I belong in Kazan. Moreover, I'm also the club's vice president. As the head coach I am responsible for Rubin and its victories and as the vice president I am responsible for the club's infrastructure. This is also a very important thing for me.
RT: How do you evaluate the work with the younger generation? What kind of future awaits Rubin-Kazan?
K.B.: I believe the future of Rubin will be great. If we manage to complete the base, the infrastructure which we're building now, then we'll be among the best in Russia. You've already seen the base. You know that we are building a school. Yesterday we arranged for a training stadium to be built right here behind my windows. It will mean that kids will not have to spend two hours a day to travel to the central stadium for their twice-daily practice. They'll use the training stadium here. Then we'll be able to say that the construction is complete. However it doesn't mean a completed infrastructure. We need a competent children's coach. These are the things we are working on now, and this work has been rather productive.
RT: I heard that you go on the Hajj after every season. What are your plans for this year?
K.B.: No, I've never been on a Hajj yet, only on Umrah.
RT: Oh yeah, Umrah.
K.B.: I am actually flying to the Hajj today. This is my first time, so I feel a certain excitement.
RT: Could you tell us what the role of your beads is? Whenever you are sitting on the bench watching your team you keep them in your hands.
K.B.: I don't consider it a token or a tradition. It's just something I need. I just feel that I have to keep them in my hands when I'm watching a game. I don't feel well without them. There were a couple of times when I accidentally forgot to take them to matches, even though it wasn't my fault. And I was feeling uncomfortable through the game, as if I was missing something. Thus this is just a need I feel. I think Muslims will understand me.
RT: Kazan is a great city of sport. With your help it has become the football capital of Russia. Only a few cities could boast such a number of clubs and high-class players. What do you think about Kazan and its many great teams, such as volleyball's Zenit Kazan team, AK Bars hockey team, Unix basketball team and Rubin, Russia's football champions. What's your opinion on sport in Kazan?
K.B.: In fact, we should thank and give our respect to Mintimer Shaimiyev, the President of Tatarstan, for his policy on sport. Sport is politics. He understands only too well that sport helps him bring up children. With sport they obtain a new belief. In the time of the former Soviet Union, everybody believed in the Communist Party, but all faith and belief vanished after it collapsed. It's only now that people are rediscovering their belief in God. It's true, but this process is progressive. It means that this emptiness in hearts and souls should be replaced with something else. But if there's no faith here, then this spiritual vacuum can be filled with drugs and other bad habits. But if a boy, a young man or a girl goes into sports, they come to believe that one day they will be champions. Yesterday it was AK Bars, the day before yesterday it was volleyball, you've forgotten grass hockey – five or six grass hockey champion titles. It means that a boy starts believing in something. It means that bad habits disappear and a nation starts its recovery. This development of sport, politics and the recovery process is, in my view, much more active in Tatarstan than in other parts of Russia. I'll repeat it once again that all this is thanks to Mentimir Sharipych. Tatarstan, including Kazan, stands only second to Moscow in the development of sports. I think that with time, Tatarstan will turn into a forge of hockey and football because, as you know, many ice rinks are located around Kazan. We want to solve this task, and this is a path we would like to follow. First, we will create the infrastructure for Rubin and the rest of the republic will be our next step.
RT: Is any kind of stadium being built for Rubin in Kazan?
K.B.: The foundation of a new stadium has been laid. I know that this new stadium is going to be beautiful. Its construction will be completed by the 2013 World Student Games. Therefore, Kazan will have a lot of modern sports facilities by 2013. I've already seen the drafts and sketches of some of these facilities. They look magnificent!
RT: Do you think that Kazan can do a good job hosting the World Student Games?
K.B.: Without any doubt! Tatarstan has a lot of experience in organising political events, and I don't think that organising big sport competitions will be problematic for Tatarstan.
RT: And my last question. Early next year, in 2009, the Russian National Team will have to play elimination trials. I think that their first game will be versus Azerbaijan. But it's going to be cold and snowy in Moscow in winter. Do you think that the city of Kazan will be able to host such a big and vital match?
K.B.: Yes, of course. It won't be a problem. The thing is that the infrastructure is being developed in many Russian cities and towns. Therefore, when we talk about Russia or Kazan, we should see the real situation there. Because they lack information, many people have the wrong impression about the development of any particular kind of sport in various Russian regions and cities. When Muscovites talk about Kazan, they often say that it's the king for a day. But when they come and see our infrastructure and how it's developing, they can't help being surprised. And then they come to understand that Rubin hasn't come for an hour or for a day. The fact that it won and became the Russian national champion in 1991 was just the first sign. Our young people are fast to mature, and if we speak about football, I think that Kazan will soon rise as a serious and permanent rival to Moscow clubs.
RT: With my background as a professional footballer, I can say that it's going to be a great advantage for the Russian national team if Rubin, the champions of Russia, play some qualifiers in Kazan. I would also like to ask you about Semak. He's over 30 now. He's the captain of the Russian national team and the captain and the main player for Rubin. He's going to play qualifiers for the Russian national team and in the Champions League with Rubin. It's pretty hard. Do you think he will withstand this kind of pressure at his age?
K.B.: I am absolutely sure that he will. I hope he won't have any injuries. Sergei is a professional footballer and he had to bear colossal physical strains in the outgoing year. He endured them with dignity. Therefore, I don't have any great worries. You know, when we speak about a team's captain, it's about Semak. He's a true captain, not just on paper. Therefore, I am sure that he will help the national team. But we also have a number of players who, I believe, will assert themselves next year. They include Ryazantsev, Balyakin and Bukharov. Ryzhikov has already played for the national team several times. Therefore, we hope that more Rubin players will join the national team.
RT: The official website of the "Rusiya-al Yaum" television channel has received many letters asking us to tell them more about you and have more reports and features about the club and its work. You are going on the Hajj soon. Would you like to send greetings to your fellow Muslims via our television channel?
K.B.: I am very grateful to my fellow Muslims for their telegrams. There have been many phone calls and greetings, especially from the Central Asian republics, from Kazakhstan and from southern Russia. Rubin's victory is very important for them. The thing is that Kazan is a multi-national city of the Republic of Tatarstan where all religions co-exist in peace. And this fact is very important. Our team's victory is important for the Muslims but not only for them. It's important for provincial towns and regions. So, if Kazan, Vladikavkaz and Zenit, although it's from St. Petersburg, Russia's northern capital, have become Russia's champions, then why can't we? We just need to start from the infrastructure, and we have to wait for some time. What I mean is five or seven years which it will take to bring up our own boys who will be able to play good football. I think it's very important. Rubin's victory has extended the boundaries for Russian national champions. It means that football is developing in Russia. That's what makes Rubin's victory so significant!
RT: Thank you very much!
"Estonia has an apartheid regime"
We need to overcome Stalinist views on history – Polish FM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Los eventos del gamepad de Uinput no funcionan ¿Cómo están? Espero que puedan ayudarme con algo, tengo un problema desde Artix Linux, quiero conectar mi mando de Wii para usarlo como Gamepad, no quiere funcionar porque el módulo uinput no quiere interpretar los eventos asociados a Gamepad Inputs, no agarra por ejempo "BTN_A" ni los demás, pero si pongo otro como "KEY_A" si lo reconoce pero actúa como entrada de teclado en tal caso. ¿Qué solución me proponen?
Cabe destacar que uso WMinput, y ya tengo instalado cwiid, wminput, ya incluso fijé el módulo uinput en el kernel.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Redisent
========

Sentinel aware Redis client.

Description
-----------

Redisent is a wrapper for the Redis client that fetches configuration
details from sentinels.

## Usage

Instead of passing a Redis URL, you have to pass an array with the
URLs of your Redis sentinels as the first parameter, then the name
of your master server (as defined in the sentinels configuration) as
the second parameter, and finally a hash of options to be used when
connecting to the master.

```ruby
# List of sentinels.
sentinels = ["localhost:27379",
             "localhost:27380",
             "localhost:27381"]

# Master server name as defined in sentinel.conf.
master = "server-1"

redis = Redisent.new(hosts: sentinels, name: master)
```

If the sentinels can't be reached you will get the exception
`Redisent::UnreachableHosts`. If the master name is unknown, you
will get the exception `Redisent::UnknownMaster`.

## Failover

In case of a failover, it is important that the clients don't engage
with the failed master even if it's restored. For that reason, clients
must connect to the Redis sentinels in order to get the address of the
promoted master, and the way to accomplish that is by using
Redisent.new each time a reconnection is needed.

## Installation

You can install it using rubygems:

```
$ gem install redisent
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


for $374,500 with 4 bedrooms and 2 full baths, 1 half bath. This 1,954 square foot home was built in 2003 on a lot size of 0.1300 Acre(s).
OPEN HOUSE SAT/SUN 12-3: Traditional 4 bedroom, 2 1/2 bath move-in ready home. High ceilings, numerous windows, skylights bring in natural light. Great room floor plan with tile floors, gas fireplace. Kitchen has granite counters, farm sink, gas stove, eating bar and pantry. No carpets. Updated master bath and walk-in closet. Side/back yard backs to wooded area with creek. Covered porch, covered deck and cobbled stone patio.


text:
Deal Watch - 12/9/2010
Posted on December 9, 2010 at 6:12 PM
Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer advised the joint international lead managers -comprising of Citigroup Global Markets Asia Limited, UBS AG Hong Kong Branch, KKR Capital Markets LLC and Deutsche Bank AG Hong Kong Branch – in respect of the US$448 million IPO and HKSE listing of China Modern Dairy Holdings Ltd, the largest dairy farming company in terms of herd size and the largest raw milk producer in China. The company and selling shareholders initially sold 1.2 billion shares. The joint bookrunners have an over-allotment option, under which they can require some of the selling shareholders to sell an additional 180 million shares. The firm's team was led by corporate partner Chris Wong and US securities partner Ken Martin.
Herbert Smith, led by partners Matt Emsley and John Moore, advised Goldman Sachs Asia (Asia) LLC (Goldman Sachs) in respect of top-up placings for two real estate companies in Hong Kong. The firm advised Goldman Sachs, as placing agent, in respect of the sale of 294 million shares of Hang Lung Properties Limited (HLP), a top-tier property developer in Hong Kong and on the Mainland, held by its controlling shareholder, Hang Lung Group Limited (HLG), for HK$11 billion (US$1.42b). The shares were sold under a top-up placement, with the final price fixed at HK$37.48 (US$4.83) per share. The firm also advised Goldman Sachs, as placing agent, in respect of the top-up placing of 305 million shares of HKSE listed Sino Land Company Limited, one of the leading property development companies in Hong Kong, at HK$16.85 (US$2.17) per share, raising approximately HK$5.14 billion (US$663m). Hogan Lovells advised Macquarie Capital Securities Limited as sole global co-ordinator and sponsor in respect of the US$204 million HKSE listing on 28 October 2010 of Chinese milk powder company Global Dairy Holdings Limited (Global Dairy), one of the top ten local brand milk powder companies in the PRC market. Global Dairy sold 360.88 million shares and raised US$204 million in its IPO, which included an over-allotment option of 15 percent of the base deal size. Proceeds will be utilized to invest in cattle farms, expand distribution networks and as working capital. Macquarie Capital Securities Limited and CCB International Capital Limited, the investment banking arm of China Construction Bank Corp, were the joint bookrunners on the deal. The firm's advisory team was led by Hong Kong-based partner Terence Lau.
Mallesons Stephen Jaques acted for Bank of China (Hong Kong) Ltd as lead manager in respect of a private placement of RMB700 million (US$105m) 2.9 percent bonds issued by China Merchants Holdings (Hong Kong) Co Ltd. The tenor of the bonds is three years. The transaction represents the inaugural issuance of RMB-denominated corporate bonds in Hong Kong by the China Merchants' parent company. The transaction was led by partner Richard Mazzochi.
Mori Hamada & Matsumoto advised Coca-Cola West Company Limited (Coca-Cola) in respect of its agreement to acquire Japan based vegetable juice and frozen foods producer Q' Sai Co Ltd (Q' Sai) from Daiwa Corporate Investment and Japanese private equity firm Polaris Capital Group Co Ltd. Coca-Cola acquired 302,755 Q' Sai shares for JPY35.9 billion (US$423.9m) and debt of JPY28 billion (US$330m). Post acquisition, Q' Sai will operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of Coca-Cola. Gaku Hayakawa, Akira Marumo and Rintaro Shinohara led the transaction.
Mori Hamada & Matsumoto is also advising Asahi Breweries Ltd (Asahi), the listed Japan based alcoholic beverage, fresh drinks and other food products manufacturer, in the acquisition by LG Household & Healthcare Company Limited (LG) of South Korea based beverage manufacturer and seller Haitai Beverage Co Ltd from Asahi, Japan based conglomerate Lotte Group, and South Korea based investment holding company MB Asia Foods, for a nominal cash consideration of KRW10,000 (US$8.84). Under the terms of agreement, LG will acquire approximately 11 million shares representing a stake of 58 per cent from Asahi; almost 3.6 million shares representing a stake of 19 percent from Lotte; and, about 3.5 million shares representing a stake of 18.7 percent from MB Asia Foods. The total shares to be acquired are approximately 18.8 million. Further, LG will assume the interest-bearing debt of KRW123 billion (US$108.6m). The transaction is expected to be completed by 03 January 2011. Yoshio Iteya and Shi Kang led the transaction.
Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP advised Standard Chartered Bank in respect of a major financing and the acquisition by Ascendas China Commercial Fund of Cross Tower, a major commercial real estate asset in the central business district of Shanghai, PRC. Partner Michelle Taylor led the transaction.Zhong Lun Law Firm provided PRC law advice while Rajah & Tann LLPadvised on Singapore law aspects.
Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker advised Mingfa Group (International) Company Limited, a leading PRC investment company focused on property development, in respect of its issuance of HK$1.55 billion (US$200m) in convertible bonds with HK$388 million (US$50m) of warrants. The subscribers are co-owned by Warburg Pincus Private Equity X LP and Warburg Pincus X Partners LP, private equity investment funds managed by Warburg Pincus. The firm's team was led by partner Vivian Lam and included partnersCatherine Tsang and Steve Winegar.
Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP also advised Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited, CITIC Bank International Limited andCrédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank as joint arrangers in respect of two loan facilities. The proceeds of the loans were used for the refinancing of an industrial and warehouse center in Shanghai owned by a private equity real estate fund managed by ING Real Estate Investment Management in Asia. The deal involved a complex structure and required various government approvals to permit a US dollar loan to be extended by offshore lenders directly to a PRC wholly foreign owned enterprise. The firm's team was led by partner David Blumenfeld.
Slaughter and May, Hong Kong, acted for Swire Pacific Limited (Swire Pacific) in respect of the annual update of its MTN programme. Swire Pacific MTN Financing Limited and Swire Properties Offshore Financing Limited are the issuers under the programme and the notes are unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by Swire Pacific. Notes issued under the programme may be listed on the HKSE. HSBC and Morgan Stanley are the joint arrangers for the programme. Partner Laurence Rudge led the transaction.
Slaughter and May, Hong Kong, also advised MTR Corporation Limitedand MTR Corporation (CI) Limited as the issuers in respect of the annual update of their US$3 billion debt issuance programme, under which they have the ability to issue notes to be listed and traded on the HKSE and the LSE. Partner Laurence Rudge also led the transaction whilst Maples and Calder advised on Cayman Islands law.
Vinson & Elkins represented TVM Capital MENA (TVM) in respect of a major Shari'a-compliant investment focusing on healthcare and life sciences in the MENA region. Earlier, TVM announced its investment in UK based Bourn Hall International, the world's first In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) clinic, pioneering the first birth of a child conceived using IVF in 1978. Last month, Bourn Hall founder Dr Bob Edwards was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the invention. The deal by TVM brings the IVF concept to the GCC and launches Bourn Hall's first international expansion. Bourn Hall International will manage a network of branded IVF facilities in the Middle East that will operate at the same quality level and adopt the same procedures as in the UK, with the first clinic set to open in 2011. Partners James Knight and Avman Khaleg led the transaction.


text:
Home/Teams
Attn: Toronto Ultimate Community – Men's Coach Needed
By Alyne|2017-02-28T19:00:12-04:00February 13th, 2017|Teams|
Attention Toronto Ultimate Community: ROY Ultimate is actively seeking one or more individuals interested in coaching for the 2017 season. This season, ROY will be competing in the Canadian Ultimate Series and this position will be a large time commitment. The Coach will be expected to work in conjunction with the team captains to run [...]
Toronto Women's System Seeks Four Coaches
By Alyne|2017-02-20T20:54:50-04:00January 15th, 2017|Teams|
The Toronto Women's Ultimate System Is Looking To Fill Up To Four Coaching Positions! Attention Toronto Ultimate Community. The Toronto 6ixers and Toronto Tox6ix are actively seeking individuals interested in coaching for the Toronto Women's Ultimate System for the 2017 season. We are specifically seeking to fill up to four coaching positions: 1 [...]
6ixers 2017 Coaching Announcement
By Alyne|2017-02-20T20:55:00-04:00January 8th, 2017|Teams|
Coaching Announcement The 6ixers are very excited to welcome Carla Difilippo back as our head coach for the 2017 season! You may remember her name… she has contributed to the success of numerous Toronto teams over the years. For starters, Carla is one of the awesome coaches behind Elites Ultimate. She also [...]
Women's Club System Player Development Coach
By Blue|2016-12-12T12:14:18-04:00July 26th, 2016|Teams|
Ryan started his touring career in 2006 with ROY and worked his way up through the Toronto men's system with Grand Trunk, GOAT, and the 2013 undefeated AUDL champion Toronto Rush team as well as the 2011 Team Canada Beach men's team. Ryan has spent the last couple seasons as a part-time [...]
Can't Stop the 6ixers
By Alyne|2016-12-12T12:14:19-04:00May 30th, 2016|Teams|
TCWM takes this one 7-5. Such a great start to the season! Good luck at worlds ladies! A photo posted by 6ixers Ultimate (@6ixersultimate) on May 29, 2016 at 11:30am PDT Toronto's top Women's team, the 6ixers, had a fantastic debut weekend at Team Cananda's Women's Masters' Tune Up held at Cedarvale [...]
Grand Trunk wins No Surf!
By Alyne|2016-12-12T12:14:19-04:00May 23rd, 2016|Teams|
This past weekend Grand Trunk played a perfect 8 games on their march to winning No Surf in Cleveland against a field that included: Pipeline (X and Y) Smokestack (X and Y) Brickyard Haymaker Grand Trunk BOAT Spoiler Black Lung Royal Prov. After going 5-0 the first day, GT played against Smokestack in the final [...]
Women's Competitive Team Assistant Coaches
By Alyne|2016-12-12T12:14:19-04:00May 4th, 2016|Teams|
We're pleased to announce that the Toronto Women's Competitive team will have these talented women assisting with the coaching this summer! Julia is our handy dandy assistant coach who originally started her ultimate career back in 2004 with the east coast women's team Salty as a handler. She captained from 2006-2009 and shortly after in [...]
Mixed Tryouts
By Blue|2016-12-12T12:14:19-04:00April 14th, 2016|Teams|
Have you signed up? Mixed tryouts are right around the corner and we hope you are geared up for competition in the crisp, possibly cold, possibly windy, but FRESH* spring air. *Freshness cannot be guaranteed in the city of Toronto. If you haven't signed up yet, please complete our form! [...]
Toronto Women's Competitive Coaches
Coach 1 Most of you have definitely seen her amazing handling skills as she makes breaking you look effortless as a player on Capitals in 2014 and a Captain/Player on Lotus in 2015 as she helped lead the team to compete at the Canadian Ultimate Championships in Winnipeg, Manitoba. What most of you don't know is that Anne started [...]
Elite Tryout Recap
By Alyne|2016-12-12T12:14:19-04:00April 11th, 2016|Teams|
First Elite tryout. First time Downsview wasn't a wind tunnel! As you may or may not have heard, Toronto is restructuring and rebuilding the women's system. Now to many of you, this is exciting! You've bought in and it's game time for you - you're ready to go! For some others, you have doubts. Whether [...]
Tournament Wrap-Up: Nefarious November
ROY Seeking Leadership
Tournament Wrap-Up: Not-ionals
Taste of Touring 2019
Team Profile: Tune Squad
Team Profile: Hazardiscs
Hi Kevin, we appreciate the question! There were actually two teams that…
Don't need a long explanation, but how does a team with 2…
Thanks for the feedback Jay. We're sorry that you have that feeling…
Both an amazing party tournament and a great showcase of competitive talent. A unique blend of a truly wild time with authentic spirit of the game, this is one of the best Ultimate tournaments around!
William Santo, Ontario Ultimate, President
The UE has been a key supporter of Union's growth and success over the past 5 years. It has filled a niche where no organization had before, to act on behalf of many touring teams to coordinate our influence as a whole - administratively, financially, and being an advocate for our needs. Tactically, they have provided support through administration, logistics, and tools -- from our website, to assisting with tryout & practice fields, to helping to coordinate our team's entire club structure. They have lent an important hand on so many of our off-field activities, so that we can focus on driving on-field success.
Warren Tang, Union Ultimate, Captain
Gender Blender is my favourite tournament of all time.
Ryan Schaeben, Team United Arab Emirates & GB Attendee 2007-2010
GB was my first tournament with a team and I'm pretty sure it is the reason I got into ultimate.
Gareth Cawley, Zen 2010 '11 '13, World Traveller of Ultimate Tournaments
What is my favourite part of Gender Blender? The social part of it. You meet players for all over the world, and develop friendships that last. I have never played GB with the same group of players.
LP Blouin, Backdraft, Captain; Team Canada Open Masters
907 - 33 Orchard View Blvd,
Toronto, ON M4R2E9
Email: info@playwithspirit.com
Web: www.playwithspirit.com


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As one of Woodward and Company's lawyers, Julian's practice supports Indigenous efforts in relation to protecting their rights and sovereignty, and upholding their laws and governance systems. To this end, his work is particularly focused on the intersection of environmental issues with First Nations' rights to their traditional land.
Originally from Ontario, Julian did his undergrad in Indigenous Environmental Studies at Trent University and later moved west to study law at UBC. His days at university saw him participate in various activism efforts, including most notably his contributions to an environmental justice group.
In his current role, Julian is driven to seek justice for Indigenous peoples- in all the diversity of its meaning. His work with title and rights litigation seeks to allow Indigenous nations to achieve self determination, control of their land, and meaningful recognition of their rights under Canadian law.
A careful listener and diligent worker, Julian is backed by an extensive education in the field of colonial law and how it applies to Indigenous peoples. He is currently working on behalf of the Cowichan Nation in their claim for recognition of their rights and title.
Assistant: Kathleen
Law Society of British Columbia (2018)
Harper Grey LLP Prize in Environmental Law, 2017
Guild Yule LLP Prize in Ethics and Professionalism, 2017
Law Foundation of British Columbia Public Interest Award, 2015
Pozer Award – outstanding contributions to the UBC Law Students' Legal Advice Program, 2015
Symons Medal, Trent University, 2014 – outstanding academic achievement
#10 in Starfish Top 25 Environmentalists Under 25 in Canada, 2014
Indigenous Environmental Studies Award, Trent University: 2012, 2014


Wynyard – a proposed development of 50 exclusive individual private residences on part of the land holding.
Scottish Life House, Jesmond – an exclusive development of 80 luxury residential apartments in one of Newcastle's most sought after locations.
Hartlepool Bay – Jomast has been developing high quality apartments with marina and sea views on land at Hartlepool Bay for around 20 years. Approximately 300 luxury apartments have been developed to date.


The Main Range National Park located on the Cunningham Highway 50km north-east of Warwick, offers a number of bush walking opportunities around Cunningham's Gap. Internationally recognised for its World Heritage status, this National Park stretches over 18,400 hectares. There are a number of graded walking tracks through rain forest and eucalypt forest, with one leading to an impressive lookout. Picnic facilities and BBQ's are available.
Travel 35km from Warwick to Killarney and a further 10km to reach this beautiful National Park. There are several waterfalls, the most notable being Queen Mary Falls which plunges 40m down sheer rock face. A short walking track leads to the base of the falls with picnic and BBQ areas and amenities located at the top of the Falls.
Girraween National Park is situated 40km south of Stanthorpe. Girraween is known for its spectacular flowers, dramatic landscapes and unique wildlife. The southern boundary of the park is the state border between Queensland and New South Wales.
It is a twin park with Bald Rock National Park, which lies across the border in New South Wales, and features Bald Rock, the second-largest monolith (after Uluru) on the continent.
It features granite landscapes, balancing boulders, clear streams, wetlands, cascades and open forest. The granite outcroppings, such as the Pyramids and Castle Rock, dominate the local scenery. The park contains many kilometres of graded walking trails to the park's major features like the first Pyramid, Castle Rock, The Sphinx, Turtle Rock, Underground Creek and Mount Norman - the highest point in the park at 1267 metres. Fire trails can be followed when venturing into the southern and eastern sections of the park. The park has a temperate climate. During winter snow can fall in the area.
BBQ & camping facilities are available.
On the Queensland/New South Wales border, Sundown National Park is a rugged wilderness park with spectacular steep-sided gorges, sharp ridges and peaks rising to more than 1000 metres.
The vegetation is mainly box-ironbark-cypress woodland with tea trees, river red gums and river oaks along the river, stringybark-yellow box forest in some high eastern areas and pockets of dry vine scrub in sheltered gorges.
More than 150 species of birds have been recorded in the park, some seasonal visitors. Grey kangaroos are common. Red-necked wallabies and swamp wallabies and wallaroos also live in the park. The once common brush-tailed rock-wallaby now survives only in the northern end of the park.
Sundown has a history of early selection, subdivision in the late 1800s, extensive clearing for grazing and fine wool production, and tin, copper and arsenic mining from the 1870s. Pastoral relics and old surface diggings remain. Camping is allowed at Sundown National Park, access is by 4WD only.
For more information on the national parks of the region, including booking and paying online for access and vehicle permits, please visit the QLD Department of National Parks, Sport and Racing website.


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Home International US Quietly Publishes Once-Expunged Papers on 1953 Iran Coup
US Quietly Publishes Once-Expunged Papers on 1953 Iran Coup
Sept. 27, 1951 file photo, Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh rides on the shoulders of cheering crowds in reiterating his oil nationalisation views to his supporters. Photo: Associated Press
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Once expunged from its official history, documents outlining the U.S.-backed 1953 coup in Iran have been quietly published by the State Department, offering a new glimpse at an operation that ultimately pushed the country toward its Islamic Revolution and hostility with the West.
The CIA's role in the coup, which toppled Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh and cemented the control of the shah, was already well-known by the time the State Department offered its first compendium on the era in 1989. But any trace of American involvement in the putsch had been wiped from the report, causing historians to call it a fraud.
The papers released this month show U.S. fears over the spread of communism, as well as the British desire to regain access to Iran's oil industry, which had been nationalized by Mosaddegh. It also offers a cautionary tale about the limits of American power as a new U.S. president long suspicious of Iran weighs the landmark nuclear deal with Tehran reached under his predecessor.
It exposes "more about what we know about this milestone event in Middle East history and especially U.S.-Iran history. This is still such an important, emotional benchmark for Iranians," said Malcolm Byrne, who has studied Iran at the non-governmental National Security Archive at George Washington University. "Many people see it as the day that Iranian politics turned away from any hope of democracy."
The 1,007-page report, comprised of letters and diplomatic cables, shows U.S. officials discussing a coup up to a year before it took place. While America worried about Soviet influence in Iran, the British remained focused on resolving a dispute over the nationalization of the country's oil refinery at Abadan, at the time one of the world's largest. Many also feared further instability following the 1951 assassination of Premier Ali Razmara.
"Nationalization of the oil industry possibly combined with further assassinations of top Iran officials, including even the shah, could easily lead to a complete breakdown of the Iran government and social order, from which a pro-Soviet regime might well emerge leaving Iran as a satellite state," one undated CIA analysis from the report warned.
Dec. 13, 1951 file photo, crowds of supporters of Prime Minister Mossadegh gather around a huge portrait of Iranian Mullah Kashani, one of the powerful backers of Mossadegh's regime, in Tehran. Photo: Associated Press
Out of that fear grew TPAJAX, the CIA codename for the coup plot. Papers show the CIA at one point "stockpiled enough arms and demolition material to support a 10,000-man guerrilla organization for six months," and paid out $5.3 million for bribes and other costs, which would be equivalent to $48 million today. One CIA document casually refers to the fact that "several leading members of these (Iranian) security services are paid agents of this organization."
The CIA also described hoping to use "powerfully influential clergy" within Shiite Iran to back the coup, something that would be anathema by the 1979 Islamic Revolution. It offers no definitive proof of that, though several documents show American officials in contact with Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani, an anti-British leader in the Iranian parliament who turned against Mosaddegh.
The agency faced problems, however, chief among them Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi himself. Diplomats and spies referred to him as a "weak reed" and "petulant."
"His inability to take decisions coupled with his tendency to interfere in political life has on occasions been (a) disruptive influence," the U.S. Embassy in Tehran warned in February 1953. Ultimately, his twin sister Princess Ashraf and a U.S. general helped convince him.
Mosaddegh was tipped off about the coup, and it appeared doomed as the shah fled to Baghdad and later Italy. But protests supporting the shah, fanned in part by the CIA, led to Mosaddegh's fall and the monarch's return.
The report fills in the large gaps of the initial 1989 historical document outlining the years surrounding the 1953 coup in Iran. The release of that report led to the resignation of the historian in charge of a State Department review board and to Congress passing a law requiring a more reliable historical account be made.
Byrne and others have suggested the release of the latest documents may have been delayed by the nuclear negotiations, as the Obama administration sought to ease tensions with Tehran, and then accelerated under President Donald Trump, who has adopted a much more confrontational stance toward Iran.
Byrne said the new administration needed just two months to agree to release the documents. "That kind of speed is unheard of in the government unless there is some sort of political foundation," he said.
Die-hard opponents of Iran's current government might look to 1953 as a source of inspiration. But the Americans involved in the coup acknowledged at the time they were playing with fire.
Widespread Iranian anger over the heavy-handed Western intervention lingered for decades, and fed into the 1979 revolution, when Iranians seized control of the U.S. Embassy and held those inside captive for 444 days. To this day Iran's clerical leaders portray the U.S. as a hostile foreign power bent on subverting and overthrowing its government.
As President Dwight Eisenhower wrote in his diary in 1953, if knowledge of the coup became public, "We would not only be embarrassed in that region, but our chances to do anything of like nature in the future would almost totally disappear."
Story: Jon Gambrell
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Phnom Penh Post - Khmer Rouge refugee a rare 'Miss Cambodia'
Khmer Rouge refugee a rare 'Miss Cambodia'
Seth Kim Soeun | Publication date 22 August 2012 | 05:00 ICT
Phanith Sovann, the Cambodian-American who will compete in an international beauty contest next year. Photograph: supplied
Wed, 22 August 2012
Seth Kim Soeun
A Cambodian-American singer who was nearly killed as a child by the Khmer Rouge will be the first Miss Cambodia to compete in an international beauty pageant since 2006.
Phanith Sovann has been selected as an entrant in next year's Queen of the Universe 2013, an annual beauty contest in California.
Sovann, born in a refugee camp in Kao-I-Dang, Thailand in 1989 to young parents who, orphaned by the Khmer Rouge, escaped to the border, said her family was lucky to have survived.
They were forced to run and hide from Thai soldiers who raided the camps periodically, forcing refugees who did not have permits back to the killing fields of Cambodia.
"My mother always said that my family almost died many times," she said.
At the age of two, Sovann and her family moved to the US with nothing but a few bags of clothes. They lived in a small garage in California, where Sovann's parents encouraged her to learn her native tongue, Khmer.
By the time she was six, after performing her first solo in church, her parents enrolled her in piano classes, where she learned how to read notes.
By the age of eight, she had taught herself to play music by ear and tabulate it, and wrote her first song.
In 2004, Sovann won the international John Lennon Songwriting contest, and recorded an original song titled My American Dream.
Sovann is humble about her chances of success at next year's contest, but believes that taking part is a first step in representing Cambodian beauty.
She said: "I want the world to see that Cambodia is marvelous in so many ways. I have not seen Cambodia represented in an international pageant for a while, so even if I'm not perfect, I want to take that first step."
The last Miss Cambodia to compete in an international beauty contest was Sun Srey Mom, who competed in Miss World in 2006. She was the first in more than 50 years to vie for the coveted title.
Plans for beauty pageants inside Cambodia have run into trouble in recent years. In 2006, Prime Minister Hun Sen cancelled a Miss Cambodia contest, saying he would not allow the event to go ahead until poverty had been more than halved.
Three years later, a beauty pageant for victims of Cambodia's millions of landmines was cancelled after the government denounced the event as an insult to disabled people.
Entrants to the competition, which will be held in California have to raise a minumum of $3,000 sponsorship.
Phanin has been given a letter of support from the Cambodian ambassador in the US, at home to back her campaign.
In a letter of support, backing her application, Hem Heng, ambassador of the Kingdom of Cambodia in the US, said: "Your efforts to represent as Miss Cambodia is a brave commitment and a big gesture in your life, which I am sure is appreciated by all Cambodians back home as well as Cambodian-Americans here who have always thought of their native country Cambodia no matter how far away they were compelled to live due to the necessity in one's life."
Sovann said she hoped to set an example to young women.
"My hope in doing all of this is to inspire young women and girls all over the world to pursue their dreams. I want everyone to know that you don't have to have a title to become an ambassador of love, hope, and peace to the world.
"I want people to know that you don't have to be the tallest, or the most beautiful to represent your country. You just have to have a good heart, compassion, vision, and determination."
On the day of the event there will be an evening-wear round, a swimsuit competition and each delegate will be questioned. Judges will pick a top 10 to go through to the next round.
To contact the reporter on this story: Seth Kimsoeurn at [email protected]
Contact author: Seth Kim Soeun


We have been having a lot of behind the scenes chats with some of the more influential members of the $PAC community. A "draft" operational budget has been shared for discussions, and it is still in the process of being finalized. We are no longer considering using these coins as operational master nodes. These $PAC operational funds will be controlled by a soon to be hired $PAC treasurer. The treasurer will manage all the outflows visibly online. We are happy to report that all the current masternode holders will not be diluted by this pool of $PAC. When released in the next few weeks our "In Circulation" number will change to reflect the same number as "Total Supply".
When discussing the use of the remaining leftover redemption coins ops budget, it was quickly determined that we cannot burn these coins. If we were to burn them it would directly lower our market capitalization, as they are not in circulation on Coin Market Cap. Releasing this leftover $PAC will have a positive impact. These coins also serve as a more efficient system of expense management for recurring expenses and gets them capped in real dollars, and not inflated due to current trends in market conditions.
The coins will be allocated to core DEV and marketing operations, management incentive and an exchange fee payment fund. This fund when exhausted will be replaced by the use of the DAO for these operational areas as well as the management incentives. These exact numbers are still being finalized and will be released for final community discussion shortly.
Happy Father's Day to all the $PAC Dads out there!
Very nice job $Pac team I really appreciate the transparency of the whole process.
am sill having issues moving my old pac. I have the new wallet and the old wallet but not a redemption wallet…any help would be appreciated please.
Just curious how will this have a positive impact on share price if outstanding PAC are going to be equal to pac total supply?
Won't this dilute pac holders?
Or are you saying it's a good thing "long term" ?
Seems like the price would fall, no?
The marketcap is from Circulating supply x the price. But the difference between circulating supply and total supply was the amount of masternodes when last update of Coinmarketcap.
If you want to redeem pac to $PAC please email [email protected] and open a ticket to request redemption.
Since now it is on a Case by Case basis.
I always read what they say about coins on the website of a coinmarketcap. It is necessary to update more often announcements about a coin listing on new exchanges!


To all my lovely blogging friends out there…help!
I started three blogs some time ago. One for my writing, one for my photographs and this one for, originally, art journaling. I decided at some point to stop the other two and post everything here. Now I have so many photos, so much writing I would like to post and hopefully get critiques on and my art journaling is overflowing.
My question is…is it easier for say writers to just read writing posts and photographers to just see photos or is my mish-mash of randomness o.k? I don't know what to do.
In the meantime I will sneak a few photos here of the slice of heaven from my dear friends property. They spoilt me beyond my wildest dreams. The peace and tranquillity was never-ending. I thank them dearly.
mmm…what or who do I spy through my lens in the foreground?
There is not going to be any commas in this post because I have written a children's story of 7700 words and I am tired of putting commas in then taking them out as I read in modern writing commas are not used much but spell check makes me feel guilty so I put them back in again only to worry if my work is sent for a critique it will be full of commas that will be crossed out so I took them out again but it didn't read right so put half in and left the other half out but some people say going half and half in life is not good they say life is 'all or nothing' but then others say moderation is the key. I got a migraine and threw the print-out in the bin. Now I cannot remember if I have taken them out or left them in what I do know is I AM NOT DOING COMMAS EVER- AGAIN- IN- MY- LIFE!
Full stops are necessary because we all need to breathe and I don't know about you but reading that first paragraph I went blue in the face. If that happened to you as well I apologise. I will use more full stops so it doesn't happen again.
Paragraphs are good they give space and time to gather my thoughts and for the reader to breath deeply.
Semicolons are like having a colonoscopy apparently…to be avoided at all costs unless you think you might die tomorrow so I am not using them either although dying was looking good after trying to figure out commas.
Exclamation marks… Don't use more than one well when I want to get a point across like' I am confused about the correct way to use commas!!! I NEED THREE EXCLAMATION MARKS, DON'T CARE!!!!!!!!!
Backslash asterisks ditto marks what about killer sharks?( Sorry got carried away)… question marks they can stay otherwise there would be no answers to anything as we wouldn't know if a question was asked or a statement made.
A hyphen alternatively referred to as a dash minus sign subtract or negative is lucky to have so many names and be so important like when I was writing another story and was talking about 250-year-old trees which was a very pivotal part of the story. If I didn't use those important little bars I would have had 250 year old trees which could equally refer to 250 trees that are all one year old. Never had a migraine over hyphens they are cool little fellows.
ps. this is full of passive voice (computer keeps telling me…I DON'T CARE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I am not sure if this is mean but I couldn't stop laughing. I was driving to the supermarket. It was pelting down with rain and in front of me was this poor man driving a very old American Jeep (like in Mash) very slowly. It was complete with tools on the side and all.
My daughter and I were discussing how drenched he must be. All he had on was a t-shirt and a peak cap (yes, of course pants). We wondered if the jeep was filling up with water. Every now and then he would give a tiny swerve or wiggle I would call it and we wondered why…then we saw the reason. The windscreen wipers were on the INSIDE of the windscreen and he was manually wiping with them. OMG…it was so funny to see. The side mirror was so far away from him he had to almost lean out to see it. I wish I had a movie camera it was priceless.
I have blocked out the number place, didn't want the poor man known in any way and I circled the windscreen wiper so you can see out small it was and how big he is.
Not a great pic but my daughter took it with her phone as we were moving.
I have a busy schedule next week so I will be missing. Happiness to everyone. Keep creating and I will catch up the week after.
I was typing the heading 'Trees and Roses' and it reminded me of 'Guns and Roses', no similarities…well..there is 'Axl Rose' and the song 'Paradise City' and that is what I think Melbourne is. This has nothing to do with this post but me being random, I do these things…o.k. where was I…oh yes…trees and roses.
Just walking home today and saw some beautiful trees and a couple of roses and thought I would share them. They were my 'lovelies' for the day. Each day I find something that makes me smile or laugh or dance.
A couple of days ago I went outside at 5am, coffee in hand. The sun was till asleep, everything was still, quiet. It was warm as it had been a balmy night. I looked up and my day began. It began with a sigh, a smile and the next 10 minutes as I drank my coffee I gazed at the magnificent starry sky. The milky way flooded my eyes and made them twinkle for the rest of the day. Such little things keep me happy.
Yaaaa, finished my beret and it turned out lovely. I am on my second one now.
I don't like 'selfies' but just wanted to show what it was like on.
Pretty, pretty and very easy.
Cast on for the back.
And gather up the slack.
Tip one: Thick watercolour paper and thin waxed thread coupled with me pulling it out instead of along doesn't work. It cuts into the paper and makes everything uneven. The thin thread doesn't match the size or thickness of the book.
Tip two: When you are tired but excited at the prospect of finishing what will be fantastic book… Stop! That combination doesn't work, mistakes will be made!
Tip three: If you recycle as I do and find some beautiful strong curtain material with the sun block backing and want to use it for covering your book test the glue first, it is very difficult to get the right glue to adhere to that type of backing.
Tip Four: If you want to do a paper backing on the sunblock material so it will adhere better, test first. I used rice paper, didn't work, I had a mess (still a glue problem).
Tip Five: Don't ever half read directions and think you know it all – especially when you are tired or rushing – doesn't work.
Tip Six: If the material is very thick it is difficult to mitre the corners neatly.
Tip Seven: Even if you do all the above, hang in there because you will still have a cherished handmade book to play in as I have.
Still I like the different textures and papers I chose to put in this book. For a sketch book it gives an opportunity to use different mediums and it is now a secure binding.
I like the end covers. A beautiful natural fibre paper. It is lovely to tear as the fibres grab and gives that beautiful rustic uneven look.
Apart from the material giving me a nervous breakdown trying to glue it. It is very serviceable for a sketch book as it will be used for en Plein Air sketching. This sunblock curtain material was on a 'sample' book that you get shown when choosing curtains. If you are a textile artist visit your local curtain shop, they usually throw the older ones out. They are a good size. They are not all sunblock of course.
Because these pieces were samples, there was not two the same but that adds to the style of the book. Pages are varied and so are the covers. The above is the back . My prayer flags were old and tatty but instead of throwing them away I kept them, I am glad I did as I have used them to decorate the covers along with a nice piece of recycled cotton with writing on it. The pieces of leather were recycled from old leather couches etc. I asked at a furniture restorer and he were happy to give me the most d.e.l.i.c.i.o.u.s pieces of soft, aged leather.
The corners were a real problem, doesn't matter what I did they were a mess, The material was just too thick with the backing to be neat, but as they say Necessity is the Mother of invention. I cut prayer flags and sewed 'photo corners' and glued them on, work perfectly and gives a nice look.
I want to tell all those out there that won't attempt things with the fear of failure or discard things that are not up to the standard you put on yourself. The 'not perfect' have character and you can't help but love them. I love this book, it is mine, I made it. I learnt many lesson from it and it inspires me to fill it up with my creations . There is no such thing as wrong.
I wrote this piece a long time ago. I went with a group of jugglers to the park where they taught us how to juggle. It rained the night before and the ground was quite muddy and they considered postponing it. We all protested and just as well we did, it was a fantastic experience, fun, laughter and a great deal of concentration. It was a beautiful experience to have those balls land back into my hands. After our session and over a warming drink I wrote this. I guess it has something to do with the bookmaking in the sense that trying things always has some magic in it whether it works or not. The thing that stops us often is…will we be accepted either by ourselves or by others.
It is so lovely to wander around my tiny courtyard and say hello to the residents, well, the ones I haven't managed to kill off. Does anyone remember the lemon pip?…killed that…Annabelle….killed her; however, these ones are doing well with a regular feed of Seasol fertilizer.
I can stare you down!
Hello little one. I have to take your photo because you are cute, but you are exposing my garden furniture that needs a repaint.
My eyes are better than yours.
My beloved maiden hair fern, I love her, she loves me. We have breakfast together on nice mornings. She loves Seasol as well. When I go away she curls up and dies but I give her a haircut and we have a chat and back she comes.
Little rose, little rose, how I love thee.
Fuchsia. I tried to correct the light, added some shadow, added some of this then that then Oh well…now she is Fuchsia Jezebel. I won't throw her out the window though. In reality she is beautiful and kind.
Pelagonia, soft pink turns white, clever girl.
Shhh, don't tell her, I am not sure of her name…wallflower?
Autumn is here, cool, calm.
Autumn energizers our creative souls.
From time to time I like to post something from this wonderful book.
So here is a little more…enjoy the yesteryear.
Fresh orange peel is excellent for restoring black shoes that have lost their smartness. Rub well with the inside of the rind, and then polish with a soft cloth.
When cutting out patches for a patchwork quilt, use a piece of sandpaper for the pattern shapes and the cloth will not slip. The rougher the paper the better it clings.
Keep a roll of surgical bandage in your sewing basket. It is handy for facing when letting out children's dresses, for slipping between front and facing of a fine dress to give extra strength, for tacking over holes in household linens. It has many uses and gives a good foundation for darning.
When commencing to crochet a cap, use a steel hook, rather thick instead of a bone hook. The cap will be much firmer and less likely to finish in a peak at the top after it has been worn a few times.
If the men are going out into the bush, make a hearty round of scones by adding half cup of fine oatmeal to the ordinary mixture. A little more milk may be needed. They can toast them over the camp-fire if they like.
When making the pot of tea at dinner, fill a thermos flask and leave it for those working late on the farm. Very tired, late workers appreciate that cup of tea put straight into their hands when they come in the door.
Fill wet boots with dry oats and set aside for a few hours. The oats will draw out the moisture and prevent the leather from shrinking and cracking. Dry out the oats and use again. When they are no longer needed, feed the oats to the fowls or the horses.
Chopped raisins and horseradish make a good relish to serve with meat, hot or cold. Men love it.
Carbon tetrachloride, used on all sheep stations for drenching sheep, is an effective and rapid remover of obstinate stains – particularly greasy ones – from all clothing. Good for men's suits and not as dangerous as petrol.
The old bush hat with a row of corks is a good way to keep off flies, but if each cork is dipped in a little phenyl and allowed to dry before being attached to the hat, it will work twice as well...and finally.
To add my own photo to this post is my Mum and Dad on their wedding day…approx 1929.
She guarded her secrets of mistrust and hurt.
It would just stop short of exposing her book.
As she reached in the dark – to write was a must.
Each letter flew off upon wings of a sprite.
Releasing her suffering from within its cage.
The first page stayed blank – except for an ' I '.
For her own sanity – to write – was a must.


A New Testament Christian politician, he takes the Biblical message to the center-left, clothing the naked and feeding the hungry.
That's a lot of falsehood for one sentence. In it we see intimations of the ancient and persistent Marcionite heresy about the Old Testament "bad" God versus the New Testament "good" God. And we see the modern notion, so beloved of politicians, that equates compassion with spending money taken involuntarily from other people's wallets.