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Republic Act No. 8976: Establishing the Philippine Food Fortification Program
Republic Act No. 8976: Establishing the Philippine Food
Fortification Program[1]
Albert P. Aquino, Aleta Belissa D. Correa, and Princess Alma B. Ani[2]
Majority of agricultural and fisheries activities result to the production of food which are consumed either fresh or processed. Processing of food provides for longer shelf life and allows for diversified product lines. It has given ease and convenience in preparing and consuming food to the ever increasing and fast-paced lifestyle of the populace. However, while processed foods have provided practicality in consumption, some of the micronutrients in them are lost during their transformation or even lack the micronutrients needed by the body for nourishment. Hence, to replenish the possible nutrient loss during food transformation, nutrient fortification has become an important aspect in food processing.
Fortification is defined as the addition of nutrients to processed foods or food products at levels above the natural state. Food fortification is addition of a micronutrient, deficient in the diet, to a food which is widely consumed by specific at-risk groups (Section 3c[3]). In the Philippines, the policy on food fortification was initiated through the passing of Republic Act No. 8172, titled "An Act for Salt Iodization Nationwide (ASIN)". It was signed into law by Former President Fidel V. Ramos on December 20, 1995. It was created in accordance to the World Health Organization's (WHO) program on food fortification which specifically addressed deficiency on key vitamins and minerals that include vitamin A, iodine, iron and zinc (GAIN, 2014).
Salt iodization is the addition of iodine to salt intended for human or animal consumption in accordance with specifications as to form, fortificant, method, manner and composition as may be prescribed by the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD)[4]. Among the objectives of the law were to contribute to the elimination of micronutrient malnutrition in the country, particularly iodine deficiency disorders, through the cost-effective preventive measure of salt iodization; to require all producers manufacturers of food-grade salt to iodize the salt that they produce, manufacture, import, trade or distribute; and to require the Department of Health (DOH) to undertake the salt iodization program and for its Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD), to set and enforce standards for food-grade iodized salt and to monitor compliance thereof by the food-grade salt manufacturers.[5]
Recognizing the impact of iodine fortification in the country, the ASIN Law was supplemented by RA 8976 or the Philippine Food Fortification Act of 2000. It was signed into law by Former President Joseph Ejercito Estrada on November 2, 2000. RA 8976 provided the policy on mandatory fortification of staple foods and voluntary fortification of processed foods or food products.
The Philippine food fortification program
The Philippine Food Fortification Program covers all imported or locally processed foods or food products for sale or distribution in the Philippines. It does not cover dietary supplements for which established standards have already been prescribed by the Department of Health (DOH) through the BFAD and which standards include specifications for nutrient composition or levels of fortification (Section 4).
Mandatory food fortification
The DOH through the BFAD sets the standards in the mandatory fortification of the following staple foods: (1) Rice - with Iron; (2) Wheat flour - with vitamin A and Iron; (3) Refined sugar - with vitamin A; and (4) Cooking oil - with vitamin A. Fortification of other processed foods or food products shall be required by the National Nutrition Council (NNC) based on findings of nutrition surveys (Section 6a). Fortification of imported processed foods or food products, shall be done by producers/manufacturers or by the importer (Section 6b). Moreover, processed food or food products manufacturers are required to indicate in the "nutrition facts" on the label the kind and amount of nutrient added in the food (Section 6d).
The DOH Administrative Order (A.O.) No. 4-A, Series of 1995, prescribing the Guidelines on Micronutrient Fortification of Processed Foods, serve as basis for the addition of micronutrient(s) to processed foods or food products to avoid over or under fortification that may create imbalance in the diet as well as avoid misleading label claims to gain competitive marketing advantage. Section IV.4 of this DOH A.O. states that "food fortification shall be highly encouraged for foods that are widely consumed particularly by at-risk population groups". Included in the list are cereals (e.g. wheat flour, milled rice, corn grits) and cereal products (e.g. snack foods, instant noodles) – with iron and B complex vitamins; juices, flavored drinks, and food gels – with vitamin C; filled milk, cooking oil, and margarine – with vitamin A; and salt – with iodine.
Voluntary food fortification
The Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program (SPSP) is a strategy to encourage food manufacturers to fortify processed foods or food products with essential nutrients at levels approved by the DOH. The DOH seal of acceptance for processed foods or food products can be used by food manufacturers provided the products passed the set of criteria defined by the DOH (Section 3m). Manufacturers who opt to fortify their processed foods or food products but do not apply for Sangkap Pinoy Seal must fortify their processed foods or food products based on acceptable standards on food fortification set by the DOH through the BFAD (Section 5).
Implementation, monitoring and review[6]
Implementation, monitoring, and review of the law involve different agencies and stakeholders. The DOH through the BFAD is the lead agency responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the law. The NNC, the policy-making and coordinating body on nutrition, serves as the advisory board on food fortification.
Among the responsibilities of DOH include the conduct of promotional and advocacy activities on the use of fortified processed foods or food products through its Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program (SPSP) and/or other programs designed to promote nutrition. Funds for these activities may be taken from the SPSP application fees. On the other hand, a periodic review of the micronutrients added to food shall be the responsibility of the NNC. Results of the review would be the basis for determining if the mandatory fortification is still required or not. The conduct of the review would be at least every five (5) years, to concur with the national nutrition surveys of the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) and/or the assessment of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN).
Health officers or agricultural officers or nutritionist-dietitians or the sanitary inspectors of local government units (LGUs) have the responsibility to assist in monitoring and checking that foods mandated to be fortified like rice, refined sugar, wheat flour and cooking oil are properly fortified and labeled with "nutrition facts" indicating the specific micronutrient it was fortified with. Moreover, the local food industries are responsible for reporting the production, marketing and distribution of fortified foods and submitting annual reports, indicating their industrial concerns and recommendations to the DOH.
Support to affected manufacturers
Implementation of the law also includes support from other government agencies. The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) is required to provide assistance and support to affected manufacturers in upgrading their technologies by helping them obtain soft loans and financial assistance. The role of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is to develop and implement comprehensive programs for the acquisition, design and manufacture of machines and technologies and transfer said machines and technologies to manufacturers. The Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) and the Livelihood Corporation (LIVECOR) are mandated to assist and support the implementation of this law by granting loans, to affected manufacturers, at preferential rates. Moreover, other agencies or institutions with accredited analytical laboratories for nutrient analysis and other technology development generators should provide the necessary services that may be required by the food industry to comply with the provisions of the law (Section 9).
Administrative sanctions
Noncompliance with the fortification process includes the following: (a) if the food fortification levels do not comply with the DOH requirements, except when the deviation from the fortification levels are justified and are properly declared in the labeling; (b) if the fortificant used is different from that approved by the DOH; and (c) if the process of fortification does not conform to the DOH standards (Section 10). The following sanctions for noncompliance shall be imposed by the DOH through the BFAD: (a) denial of registration of the processed foods or food products by the DOH through the BFAD if the processed foods or food products do not comply with the food fortification requirements; (b) order the recall of the processed foods or food product(s); and (c) impose a fine of not less than Three Hundred Thousand Pesos (P300,000.00) and suspension of registration for the first violation; not more than Six hundred thousand pesos (P600,000.00) and suspension of registration for the second violation; and not more than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) and cancellation of the registration of the product for the third violation of the provisions of law or its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) (Section 11).
National food fortification day
On October 29, 2004, former President Gloria M. Arroyo signed Executive Order (E.O.) No. 382, designating the Department of Health as lead agency in the nationwide observance of the National Food Fortification Day every 7th of November. As the lead agency, the Department of Health is responsible for the formulation and dissemination of guidelines and procedures on the implementation of the EO. It shall provide technical assistance to LGUs; conduct national and regional advocacy and social mobilization activities; provide the necessary logistics and promotional materials; and monitor all the activities at the local levels. Other agencies involved in the observance of the National Food Fortification Day include: Department of Agriculture (DA); Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG); Department of Education (DepEd); Department of Trade and Industry (DTI); Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD); Academe, Civil Society and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs); LGUs through the Council of Leagues (Barangay Captains, Councilors, Mayors, Governors).
Status of the Philippine food fortification program
As of 2008, 139 processed food products have the Sangkap Pinoy Seal. Eighty three percent of these are fortified with vitamin A, 29% with iron, and 14% with iodine. Thirty seven percent of these fortified food products are snack foods. Based on FDA monitoring all local flour millers are fortifying with vitamin A and iron. Non-fortification of refined sugar with vitamin A is due to the unresolved issue on who will bear the cost of fortification. For rice, NFA is fortifying 50% of its rice in 2009 and 2010. However, there is limited commercial and private sector iron rice premix and iron fortified rice production and distribution. For FDA-analyzed cooking oil samples in 2009 and 2010, more than 90% are fortified with vitamin A (91% in 2009 and 94% in 2010). However, samples included were those labeled and packed, while those sold in small quantities ("takal") were not monitored. For iodized salt, 81% of households included in the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) were positive for iodine using rapid test kit (RTK)[7].
Food from agricultural and aquatic production cannot possibly address the country's nutritional requirement. Food fortification is seen as an alternative to augment the nutrient deficiencies, especially for micronutrients, found in fresh and processed food products. Efforts from the government and private sector have been exerted to support the food fortification program of the country. Food products that are considered staple (i.e. rice, bread, noodles) and major condiments (i.e. salt) have been fortified to adhere with the provisions of the laws as well as to provide access especially to the poor sector of the economy.
Department of Health (DOH) Food Fortification Program. Accessed in November 2014, from
http://www.doh.gov.ph/content/food-fortification-program.html
DOH Administrative Order No. 4-A s. 1995. Guidelines on Micronutrient Fortification of Processed Foods. Accessed in November 2014, from
http://www.fda.gov.ph/attachments/article/15892/ao%204-a%20s%201995.pdf
Executive Order (E.O.) No. 382: Designating the Department of Health as Lead Agency in the Nationwide Observance of the National Food Fortification Day Every 7th of November. Accessed in November 2014, from
http://www.gov.ph/2004/10/29/executive-order-no-382-s-2004/
Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN). Can food fortification deliver for the developing world? Accessed in December 2014, from http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/gain-partner-zone/food-fortification-developing-world
Republic Act No. 8172: An Act Promoting Salt Iodization Nationwide and for Related Purposes. Accessed in November 2014, from http://www.gov.ph/1995/12/20/republic-act-no-8172/
Republic Act No. 8976: Establishing the Philippine Food Fortification Program. Accessed in November 2014, from http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=690.
[1] A short policy paper submitted to the Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC) for the project titled "Asia-Pacific Information Platform in Agricultural Policy". Short policy papers, as corollary outputs of the project, describe pertinent Philippine laws and regulations on agriculture, aquatic and natural resources.
[2] Philippine Point Person to the FFTC Project on Asia-Pacific Information Platform in Agricultural Policy and Director, Science Research Specialist II, and Senior Science Research Specialist, respectively, of the Socio-Economics Research Division-Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (SERD-PCAARRD) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines.
[3] Section refers to Republic Act No. 8976, unless specified.
[4] (Section 4d, RA 8172).
[5] (Section 3a-c, RA 8172).
[6] Section 8
[7] DOH Food Fortification Program
Date submitted: Dec. 12, 2014
Received, edited and uploaded: Dec. 15, 2014


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Training in Research through Research
Research Master in Fluid Dynamics (Master-after-master level)
Written on 23 August 2010 .
The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics has obtained the accreditation of the Dutch-Flemish Accreditation Organization (NVAO) for it research Master at master-after-master level. NVAO (in Dutch: Nederlands-Vlaamse Accreditatieorganisatie) is the Accreditation Organisation of the Netherlands and Flanders. The organisation was established by international treaty and it ensures the quality of higher education in the Netherlands and Flanders. Accreditation is really a quality label, a formal recognition that is granted when the programme meets requirements relating to scientific level and quality.
Official document of the accreditation by the NVAO (Nederlands-Vlaamse Accreditatieorganisatie).
Joint VKI research master/ National graduate programmes
Written on 01 April 2008 .
The program is a two year (21 month) combined Master of Science and VKI research master awarded by Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ) or Kansas University (Kansas, USA) and the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (Brussels, Belgium), respectively, involving a twelve month residency at Rutgers University or at Kansas University followed by a nine month residency at the von Karman Institute. The participants are the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Rutgers University (hereinafter, Rutgers University) or at Kansas University and the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (hereinafter, the VKI).
Objective: The objective of the program is to develop educational and research collaboration between the VKI and the University. A key element of the program is close collaboration between faculty at the VKI and the University.
Financial Support: Rutgers University provides one year (30 credits) tuition remission and a one year fellowship. The VKI provides tuition remission for the VKI research master and a nine month fellowship. The University and the VKI reserve their individual rights to limit the number of awards. The commitment for financial awards by the VKI and the University are made at the same time. Eligibility for the financial awards requires the student remain in Good Standing as described below.
Eligibility: Applicants must be US citizens who will have completed a Bachelor's Degree in Mechanical and/or Aerospace Engineering prior to matriculation in the program.
Criteria for Selection: The criteria for selection are undergraduate grade point average, Graduate Record Examination scores (Quantitative, Verbal and Analytical), letters of recommendation and personal statement.
Applications Process: The application to the combined program is submitted to the University, which in turn will forward the application to the VKI. Applications are reviewed by the respective Admissions Committees of the University and the VKI. Admission to the combined program is decided at the time of the initial application, and requires an affirmative decision of the VKI and the University.
The program is offered once a year, starting in the Fall semester. The deadline for applications is March 1.
Good Standing: Students must maintain a cumulative average of B (3.0 out of 4.0) in their courses, and an S (satisfactory) in research activity, during the programme to remain eligible for continued participation in the program. Student status is evaluated at the end of the first and second semesters and subsequent summer at Rutgers University.
Residency: Participants are in residence at the US University for twelve months (one academic year plus one summer) and at the VKI for nine months.
Advisors: Each student is assigned two advisors, one each from the faculties of the University and the VKI. The advisors collaborate in directing the student's academic program. It is expected that the advisors are themselves engaged in a research collaboration. The advisor of the University is a member of the dissertation committee for the VKI dissertation.
Courses: Students take a total of 30 credits of courses at the University in the Fluid Mechanics option during the fall and spring of the first year. The courses are selected in consultation with the student's advisors. Students in another option in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University may also eligible for the program subject to approval by the University and the VKI. During the second year, students follow the courses of the VKI research master program.
Research: During the fall semester of the first year, the student prepares, in consultation with both advisors, a summary research program describing the statement of work and anticipated milestones in the research. It is expected that the problem definition phase, literature survey and (possibly) preliminary research results will be performed at the University. Course work will constitute the majority of the student's activity at the University, and research will be the primary focus of the student's activity at the VKI.
Fulfillment of Degree Requirements: The Master of Science degree requirements from the University are 30 credits of courses as defined in the Graduate Catalog and a thesis. The dissertation prepared at and accepted by the VKI for the VKI research master will be accepted for fulfillment of the thesis requirement at the University. The VKI research master requirements from the VKI are the satisfactory completion of course work, selected according to the individual's background and requirements, and an individual research as represented by a dissertation approved by the student's dissertation committee.
Prof. Doyle Knight
Dept of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey
98 Brett Road
Piscataway, NJ 08854-8058
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Prof. Saeed Farokhi
Dept of Aerospace Engineering
2004 Learned Hall
Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
Programme of the VKI research master
One of the main programs offered by the Institute is the one-year postgraduate "Research Master in Fluid Dynamics" at the level "Master after Master" (former VKI Diploma Course). Approximately thirty-five engineers and scientists drawn from ten or more countries attend this program. They are offered a wide selection of specialised courses on various aspects of fluid dynamics and are given the opportunity to perform personal research projects under close guidance by members of the faculty. The projects may be experimental, theoretical, or computational in nature. Thus, the VKI Research Master in Fluid Dynamics Course complements,
rather than duplicates, the teaching programs of universities.
The syllabus presents pertinent information regarding the VKI Research Master in Fluid Dynamics Course. Admission and diploma requirements are reviewed first. Then the course syllabus for the current academic year is presented. A description of research activities provides an indication of the diverse possibilities for the individual research project. The major facilities available for the research project are described and a list of the faculty members is included.
Attendees to the VKI Research Master in Fluid Dynamics Course follow a series of lectures entitled "Theoretical and Experimental Fluid Dynamics" described in the syllabus and then make a selection among the three areas of specialisation. Further specialisation in certain fields is also possible. The final program of courses for each attendee is formulated, following discussions with the supervisor.
An essential aspect of the VKI Research Master in Fluid Dynamics Course is the independent research project. A list of suggested projects appears in a later section of the syllabus.
The Course Syllabus & Research Projects 2017-2018 is downlodable in pdf (this syllabus is prepared to be printed in recto-verso)
The VKI Research Master in Fluid Dynamics comprises a balanced combination of classroom lectures and individual research.
Attendees select one of the areas of specialisation and follow the courses therein, adding optional courses to their program if they so desire. Attendees are allowed a certain flexibility in the selection of their course program. The final curriculum will be decided after consultations with the Institute's Faculty and will involve a minimum of 30 ECTS (*) of courses outlined in the syllabus and 30 ECTS for an independent research project.
Faculty members will assist attendees in selecting an appropriate research project. The individual research project will be weighted with a factor of nearly two compared to the performance in course work.
The VKI Diploma will be awarded to attendees who, in the opinion of the faculty, achieve a mark of at least 60% in both course work and the research project.
Application to the VKI research master (former Diploma Course)
New Application Already Started Application
Requirements to obatin the degree
The VKI Research Master in Fluid Dynamics comprises a balanced combination of classroom lectures and individual research. Attendees select one of the areas of specialisation and follow the courses therein, adding optional courses to their program if they so desire. Attendees are allowed a certain flexibility in the selection of their course program. The final curriculum will be decided after consultations with the Institute's Faculty and will involve a minimum of 30 ECTS (*) of courses outlined in the syllabus and 30 ECTS for an independent research project.
Funding for American students
- Flanders House: http://www.flandershouse.org/study-in-flanders
- The Belgian American Foundation: The Belgian American Educational Foundation (B.A.E.F.) encourages applications for fellowships for advanced study or research during one academic year, at a Belgian University or institution of higher learning. http://www.baef.be/documents/fellowships-for-us-citizens/study-res-fellow.-for-us-citizen-.xml?lang=en
- The Fulbright Foundation: Americans living outside of Belgium may be eligible for Fulbright scholarships to come to Belgium for research or study. http://www.fulbright.be/study-in-belgium/scholarships-for-us-citizens-studying-in-belgium
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Formation of the 5,6-epoxy derivatives of 7-liydroxy-cholesteryl 3β-acetates during peroxidation of cholesteryl acetate.
G. Lercker Institute of Agrarian Industries, University of Bologna
R. Bortolomeazzi Department of Food Science, University of Udine
L. Pizzale Department of Food Science, University of Udine
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.1999.v50.i3.655
Cholesteryl acetate, Epoxy-hydroxy derivatives, Thermal peroxidation.
The thermal peroxidation of cholesteryl acetate (CA) generates many compounds, most of which have been identified in previous studies. The trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the thermodegradation products of the single hydroperoxides of CA (7α- and 7β-) gave GCMS spectra that were almost identical to those of the thermal peroxidation of CA, except for four compounds that were only detected as TMS derivatives. These substances were identified by comparing their mass spectra and their GC retention time against those of the four synthesized isomers of the epoxy-hydroxy derivatives of CA. The presence of a considerable amount of epoxy-hydroxy derivates of CA, especially at low-temperature degradations, provides an explanation for the formation of other substances that have been previously identified.
Lercker G, Bortolomeazzi R, Pizzale L. Formation of the 5,6-epoxy derivatives of 7-liydroxy-cholesteryl 3β-acetates during peroxidation of cholesteryl acetate. grasasaceites [Internet]. 1999Jun.30 [cited 2023Jan.29];50(3):193-8. Available from: https://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/655
G. Lercker, N. Frega, R. Bocci, M. Mozzon, Volatile constituents and oxidative stability of virgin olive oils: influence of the kneading of olive-paste. , Grasas y Aceites: Vol. 50 No. 6 (1999)
G. Lercker, N. Frega, F. Bocci, M. Mozzon, Volatile constituents and oxidative stability of virgin olive oils: influence of the kneading of olive-paste. , Grasas y Aceites: Vol. 50 No. 1 (1999)
R. Botolomeazzi, L. Pizzale, G. Lercker, Thermal stability of 7-trimethylsilylperoxy-cholest-5-ene 3b-acetates at high temperature , Grasas y Aceites: Vol. 51 No. 3 (2000)
M. T. Rodríguez-Estrada, N. Frega, G. Lercker, Applications on thermostable polar capillary GC columns , Grasas y Aceites: Vol. 53 No. 1 (2002)


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Do You Have a Right to Work?
Let's say that you like working on cars. Cars are your life. There never has been any question of where you wanted to work---the local auto plant in town. The money and benefits are great, and what's better, they're hiring. So you fill out an application. After a few days, you get a phone from the plant's human resource department and set up an interview. She wants to hire you. An appointment is made to come down and see the company physician for a quick physical. The human resources manager asks you to come back in for an orientation.
At the orientation, you go over the various procedures like safety issues, clocking in and out. Then comes the shocker. You're told that you are required to join a union in order to work there, but you're not interested in joining a union. You're told that the plant is a "closed shop", meaning that in order to secure employment there, you have to join the union. You tell her you're not interested in a union; you just want to work on the car or truck assembly line. At that point, a union representative is brought in to talk with you.
You politely listen as she explains that the union has been in place since the 1950's; that the union would protect your job in case something should happen; that they would provide you with a shop steward in the event of performance issues or any hearings; the union would negotiate on your behalf---collectively---pay raises, health and other benefits, your hours, and job safety issues. All you need do is sign the union card and agree to have the union dues automatically deducted from your salary. Easy peasy.
After the union representative finishes speaking, you politely explain that you don't have any interest in joining a union. You are aware of your responsibilities, and as an adult, take full responsibility for your actions. Furthermore, you are quite capable of speaking for your self should you get into any trouble. The representative explains that without their steward, you could run the risk of being taken advantage of (implying that you couldn't trust the company).
The union representative reminds you that unions have been at the forefront of child labor laws, women's suffrage, job safety, voter
registration, and even the Civil Rights movement. Those were all powerful and important issues, but each has been addressed by the federal government and are now laws. What about wages and benefits? Unions have been out in front in protecting wages, limiting hours, and securing benefits for their members. That's true, however, those too have been largely addressed by various federal laws. As for negotiating wages, over the past decade or so, unions across the country, have negotiated away much of benefits they had fought for over years, which has also included pay cuts, reductions in worker seniority and are only just now getting some of those back. Besides, the company has offered a retirement package before the company unionized, and offers a similar package at its non-union plant.
At this point that the union representative is getting agitated. She adds that the union also has a political education committee which would act on your behalf by endorsing candidates and making political contributions. Where does that money came from you ask, and she says that it is automatically deducted from your paycheck. Ok then, who selects which candidate or issues your money gets directed to? As it turns out, it isn't you. The committee would make that decision for you. What about the candidates they endorse, do you get a say? Not directly, but you do get a vote. However, the final decision is made by the committee. In some cases, only the political election committe makes the decision and in others, only the union president decides. But, you explain, you aren't partial to either of the two parties, but who were some of the candidates they endorsed in the past?
As it turns out, all were of a specific political party, and few if any of them, support the same issues as you. Accordingly, you point out that it made more sense if you donated to whom you wanted rather than have a portion of your salary going to individuals you didn't agree with. Besides, it didn't make any sense to dig deeper into your pocket to donate to those candidates you agree with; it was like you were working against yourself.
After a few polite closing remarks, you're informed that either you sign the union card or don't get the job. At that point she leaves. Funny, you think, wasn't that the company's decision to make? You could see her speaking with the HR manager outside the door. A few minutes later, the HR manager enters and asks if you have any questions, otherwise you were free to leave. You told you can start as soon as you turn in the signed union card. You mention that you did have a couple of questions.
How is it that you answered a company job announcement; filed out an company application; interviewed with company personnel; went to a company doctor; but in order to accept a job that you really wanted--- that you had studied hard for in school---spending countless hours after and before school; that would hopefully be your life's work---you had to join an organization that you weren't the least bit interested in, not to mention an organization which would not support your views politically in order to work there? In fact, you're told that they, not the company, decides who works there based on whether you sign the union card or not. Two words---closed shop. A closed shop means simply that in order to work there, you had to join the union whether you wanted to or not, and you have to abide by their rules and pay their dues.
Closed shops came about during the heyday of union membership---the late 1940's and early 1950's. Within the past few decades, many companies have sought to circumvent closed shops by moving the company to either states which had "right-to-work" laws, meaning that individuals can't be compelled to join unions, or the plants were closed and work shipped off to countries where workers are paid sweat shop wages with no benefits and they had little or no rights whatsoever.
So there you have it folks. Although the story was entirely fictional, the situation is real. Is it better to join the union, where the jobs of everyone is more or less protected, or take a chance? Some can certainly fight back or negotiate their own pay, but many can't. In some cases the costs of wages, benefits, and protecting unproductive workers have proven to be too much and companies have closed or moved. Unions essentially negotiated themselves out of a job. Many companies have retirement or 401k programs. Much of what unions championed down through the years are now laws, with workers having recourse through OSHEA (including its "Whistleblower Program"), the Labor Department's Wage and Hour division, the Equal Employment and Opportunity Commission (EEOC), plus various State and local agencies.
On the political side, instead of looking for themselves, unions have been in bed with one political party since the 1930's instead of playing each party off each other. Also, instead of supporting the best candidate for the rank and file, they nearly automatically endorse just the one party's candidate even if that particular individual doesn't even support unions! And let's not forget that in many cases, the member doesn't even have any say so where their money goes, which is often on issues or individuals they completely disagree with, meaning they have to dig deeper in their pockets to support the cause or candidate they want, and heaven help them if they actively support then non-union endorsed candidate or even put out their yard sign! Currently, some unions are pushing for amnesty for illegal immigrants since many are employed in mow skill and mostly unionized jobs. Amnesty would open the door for them to join the unions, and thus add desperately needed dues to the union's coffers. However, the influx would create more demand for jobs than there are available jobs, thus driving down wages and benefits while driving up unemployment.
What do you think? As corporations have become more feudalistic and some, like banks and oil companies, have essentially taken over governments like ours, have unions become passé? Have they outlasted their usefulness? Certainly big business would like for to think so. Unions have traditionally balanced the scale of power. Of course, unions aren't perfect. Some became corrupt through their Mafia involvement while for others, it became hard to distinguish union management from corporate management, especially when looking at their salaries! Unions have been at the apex in many social issues that we now take for granted. They were responsible for a vibrant middle class and growing economy, and as unions have declined, so as the middle class and so has America overall; so much that we face the largest disparity in income since just before the Great Depression, but then this isn't 1929 and the American economy is no longer the largest or strongest.
There are of course alternatives to unions, such as worker owned companies (co-ops), employee associations, employee-managements boards where employees and management elected representatives to a special board on a rotating membership basis which deals with employee related issues such as work conditions, complaints, and worker innovations. In addition, there's been a trend in business to create a more horizontal hierarchy and empowering employees, not to mention occasional outings, ongoing surveys, and workshops. I served as an employee liaison with management at several companies where I worked, including in an Assistant Vice President role working on projects to improve morale, productivity, and efficiency; a happy workplace is a productive workplace, at least that was the idea.
Right now, certain groups (primarily conservative and pro-business) are pushing for "Right to Work" laws, with Wisconsin having just recently enacted such a law. Proponents claim that "Right to Work" makes companies more competitive and gives workers more options, which they cite as being critical in today's global marketplace. Opponents, however, refer to the effort as "Right to Work for Less" and claim that without union representation, workers will be taken advantage of, have less job security, and will eventually be forced to take cuts in pay and benefits without any recourse except walking out and trying to find another job when jobs are hard to come by. In addition, unions point out that in "Right to Work" states, they'll be forced to cover non-union employees which they can't financially afford to do; such a move could ultimately bankrupt many unions. Unions are already having to compete, directly and indirectly, with companies and workers overseas who aren't unionized and earn pennies on the dollars and often without any benefits or even basic health and safety regulations while management and Wallstreet investors pocket the difference. Proponents, however, cite lower costs of living standards which justify the lower wages and benefits aren't something workers don't deemed as important.
Many on the political Right look at unions as "communist" or "socialist" (their two favorite terms) and champion the idealistic individual concept of popular Americana myth, while those on the Left see unions as an entre into the middle class, a better life for themselves and their children, along with the possibility of a college education. This is especially true among minorities. They see unions as a means to having good health care and providing for a decent retirement while working in a safe environment. Some of the principal goals unions have fought for, such as safe jobs or a means to fight against employer harassment or discrimination, are now federal laws and give workers some legal recourse. Certainly popular opinion has swung against unions in recent decades. Historically, union participation peaked in the early 1950's and has been in a steady decline ever since with only 11.3% of the workforce being unionized (about 6.6% of private employees and approximately 35.9% of public employees). Running near parallel, the purchasing power of the middle class has declined as union membership has dropped.
So, what do you think dear reader? Do you have an unobstructed "right to work" or is their strength in numbers? In which direction does the future look brightest for ordinary individuals amid the global marketplace and increasing competition for fewer jobs, Citizens United and the demise of our democratic republic, the 1% oligarchy versus a declining middle class and the widening income disparity?
Unionfacts.com
https://www.unionfacts.com/cuf/vitals
Posted by Paul Hosse at 3/21/2015 10:15:00 AM
Labels: blue collar, closed shop, co-ops, Conservative, Employment, income gap, Income inequality, Labor, liberal, Oligarchy, Organized Labor, Right to Work, unions


text:
Immigrant Arizona High School Track Coach Deported, Missed by Those He Helped
Posted by: Phoenix Arizona Immigration Attorney Nick Alcock
PHOENIX – Friends and students of volunteer high school track coach Miguel Aparicio expressed Tuesday their regrets that the 37-year-old Mexican immigrant was deported after more than 20 years in the United States helping young people in his community.
Aparicio's grandmother brought him to the United States when he was 15. He was able to finish high school and in 1997 became a volunteer coach at Phoenix's South Mountain High School.
Working as an electrician to pay the bills, he later moved on to Cesar Chavez High School and then to Alhambra High, where he coached the cross-country team to state titles.
Aparicio's legal problems began in 2009 when he was detained for going through a red light, an infraction that added to an old DUI offense on his record landed him in the deportation process.
He gave himself up voluntarily to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement hoping for a "miracle" that never came.
"It's an injustice to deport a person who has done so much for the kids in this community," the coach's friend Mario Shobert told Efe.
He said that Aparicio talked a lot with young people, not only about the importance of playing a sport, but also about how they had to complete their studies and obey their parents.
"He often used his own money to buy sneakers for students who were too broke to buy their own," Shobert said.
Though Aparicio's grandmother is a legal U.S. resident, the coach had no other way to legalize his immigration status during all this time, his lawyer, Jose Luis Peñaloza, told Efe.
"A lot of people don't understand how complicated immigration laws are – it's almost impossible that people like Aparicio can obtain legal status if they don't have either an American parent or spouse," Peñaloza said.
Aparicio was deported Monday to Mexico. After being away for more than 20 years, he returns for the first time to his native Mexico City.
"It will be very hard for him. I think he'll try to look up a friend or relative there," the lawyer said.
Since Aparicio was deported by an immigration judge, his penalty includes not being allowed to return legally to the United States for the next 10 years.
"I'm very disillusioned with the system. People like the coach who do so much good for the community should be allowed to stay," Heberto Chavez, one of the many youths who learned from what the coach taught them, told Efe.
He says the federal government should concentrate its resources on people who commit serious crimes related to drugs and firearms, and not penalize those whose only crime is not having a Social Security number.
Aparicio worked 12 seasons as a volunteer coach.
His greatest success came at Alhambra High, where he and head coach Carlos Borja took the team to state championship victories in 2007, 2008 and 2009.
The work of these coaches was also instrumental in getting college scholarships for 10 of their athletes.
But for critics of undocumented immigration in Arizona, the coach's deportation is simply "obeying the laws."
Carmen Cornejo, an activist who launched an Internet campaign to stop Aparicio's deportation, said that in spite of everything, the fight must go one to prevent more cases like this one from happening.
Contact the Immigration Defense Lawyers at Alcock & Associates


I'll begin with the High Sierra Crush Backpack. Priced from $24.86 – $54.99, these high Sierra backpacks are designed for multimedia and high-tech students. They are equipped with a padded interior computer sleeve that is capable of storing a 15 inch laptop safely. These packs also feature a MP3/CD player pocket and a headphone port as well as a media pocket that is capable of holding a cell phone or a PDA. It is also equipped with a zippered mesh pocket in the organizer section which also has pencil/pen pockets and a key fob.
Another great backpack design is the High Sierra Swerve pack. The normal list price on these backpacks is $65, and they are available in the following color schemes – Charcoal/Chipotle/Black, Amazon/Ash/Black, Blossom/Satin Sheet/Black, Spring/Satin Sheet/Black and Glacier/Blue Shadow/Black. These are large-capacity backpacks and come complete with a padded interior computer sleeve for your laptop, music device player with a headphone port, and ventilated shoulder straps to keep you cool. High Sierra designed these with a fully padded bottom, a mesh padded grab handle and back panel and a tuck-away waist belt.
The third model I have to mention is the High Sierra Col 35 Frame Backpack. They are priced from $41.79 – $79.99. Features on these models include a 35 Liter, top-load main compartment, padded backpack straps and a single-contoured aluminum frame bar that is adjustable to fit the exact shape of your back. The main compartment of this backpack is constructed with a gusseted drawstring closure and an adjustable top lid. It also features a molded foam back panel and an internal hydration reservoir sleeve – for storage of your favorite liquid and easy drinking while you're on the trail.
Here's one of my favorites: the High Sierra Old School Backpack. Priced from $20.25 – $42.45, this high Sierra backpack has a very large capacity: 1,774.5 cubic inches. It, too, is a multi- compartment backpack and has standard features such as a zippered mesh pocket, pen pockets and key fob, a CD/MP3 player pocket with its own headphone port and also a media pocket that is roomy enough to hold a cell phone or a PDA device. This High Sierra backpack is also equipped with a slash pocket on the front panel, a daisy chain loop and a ribbed grab handle. It is 19.5″ x 13″ x 7″ and weighs approximately 1 pound when empty.
Finally, this is my favorite backpack – the High Sierra Ballzak Pack. Very inexpensively priced from $14.38 – $39.99, this is a specialty item designed for student-athletes, this backpack is equipped with a very large mesh pocket in the front which is designed to hold a basketball or soccer ball! As well, it has all of the standard components found in most High Sierra backpacks: a large main compartment, and zippered side pockets (which in this case are large enough to hold a pair of athletic shoes!), a music device player pocket and headphone port and also a cell phone pocket on the shoulder strap. If you have a young person who is also an athlete on your gift-giving list, this would make an excellent, excellent choice – this Sierra backpack incorporates a truly unique design. Measuring 18.5 x 14 x 8 inches, it weighs 2 pounds when empty. Highly recommended!
The High Sierra Powerglide is a the perfect travel companion when you are hauling a lot of gear. The multi-compartment design keeps all of your items organized. A fully-padded laptop compartment and multi-pocket organizer is perfect for keeping your tech gear secure.
The Powerglide can be used as a roller bag or you can use the hidden backpack straps for another carry option when the terrain gets rough.
High Sierra has such a wide range of bags and yet they still spend an enormous amount of time thinking through the actually utility for each bag. They incorporate all the important features that you need to make the bag truly useful and functional without over-designing it and constantly resist the temptation of adding stuff just because you can. Nice clean, functional and simplistic designs – just the way I like them.


The Mercedes-Benz C-Class is a compact executive car produced by the Mercedes-Benz division of Daimler AG. First introduced in 1993 as a replacement for the 190 range (W201, also nicknamed "Baby-Benz"), the C-Class was the smallest model in the marque's lineup until the 1997 arrival of the A-Class. The C-Class is built at Mercedes-Benz factories in Sindelfingen and Bremen, Germany as well as in Mercedes' factories in Brazil and Daimler AG's South African factory in East London. The very first W202 C-Class sedan was produced on June 1, 1993, and the second generation W203 C-Class rolled off the assembly line on July 18, 2000. The third generation W204 C-Class was launched in 2007. The C-Class is the entry-level offering in Mercedes-Benz's United States lineup.
The C-Class platform has been used for several coupes, including the CLC-Class (and its predecessor, the C-Class Sportcoupe), the E-class Coupe (and its predecessor, the CLK-Class), and again for the 2012 model year with the C-Class coupe.
On its debut, the C-Class was the only Mercedes model with a complete lineup of multi-valve engines. The new family of four-cylinder petrol units, called M111, debuted in the C 180 (1.8 L, 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp)), C 200 (2.0 L, 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) and C 220 (2.2 L, 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp), the only four-cylinder of the range sold in the U.S.). In 1996 the C 220 was replaced by the C 230, enlarged to 2.3 L displacement but with the same output, although with torque increased to 220 N·m (162 lb·ft). The C 280 was the high end model of the class, with a four-valve-per-cylinder straight-6 engine, capable of reaching 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp).
Four-cylinder diesel models were equipped with the same OM601 engine of the 190, in the 2.0 L and 2.2 L versions. Many of these diesel variants were sold as taxis, due to their low fuel consumption and strong reliability. There were also more powerful OM605 five-cylinder engines which were available in naturally aspired (C 250 D) and turbocharged (C 250 TD) forms. The turbodiesel was introduced in 1995 and is one of the novelties in the engine range available from this year. The most important was a supercharged version of the M111 straight four, the C 230 Kompressor, using a Roots-type supercharger to generate 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp) at 5300 rpm: Mercedes-Benz reused supercharger technology after 50 years. Due to the tax law in Italy and Portugal, models in those countries featured a supercharged version of the smaller 2.0 L (C 200 Kompressor), which had a similar output of the C 230 Kompressor.
The 1997 diesel models featured the OM611, equipped with a common rail direct injection system (co-developed with Bosch). The new model was named C 220 CDI, and had an improved output of 30 PS (22 kW; 30 hp) compared with the C 220 Diesel, better fuel average and lower emissions. Also, the inline six engines were replaced by a family of V6, the M112. The new engines featured SOHC heads instead of the previous DOHC, three valves per cylinder instead of four, and twin sparkplugs. The four-cylinder C 230 was replaced by the C 240 (2.4 L) and the I6 C 280 by the V6 C 280. These changes reduced emissions and improved fuel consumption, without sacrificing power (the C 280 in fact had a slight 4 PS (3 kW; 4 hp) increase with the change).
In the last four years of production, the W202 received a few changes in the choices of engine. In 1998, a less powerful version of the 2.2 L turbodiesel was added, called C 200 CDI, which replaced the C 220 Diesel. In 2000, the C 200 Kompressor's output was cut to 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp), the C 240 displacement was enlarged from 2.4 L to 2.6 L, but output remained at 170 PS (130 kW; 170 hp) and the C 180 got a 2.0 L engine.
At the launch the C-Class had a standard driver airbag, ABS and integrated side-impact protection; the front passenger airbag became standard from 1995 onwards, and from the same period Traction control (ETS in the 4-cylinder models, combined with limited slip differential (ASD) or ASR in the 6 cylinders models) was available as extra cost. In 1997 ASR became standard in the C 280s equipped with the automatic transmission and in the C 36 AMG, as ETS in the 4-cylinder models, except for the C 180 and the C 220 Diesel.
Mercedes-Benz introduced a station wagon model in 1996, internally designated T-Modell (T for tourenwagen - touring car). It shared the same trim levels as the sedan, with the exception of the AMG versions. The W202 T-model was not made available to the North American market, although the W203 version was.
W202s in North America included the C 220 (later replaced by the C 230), C240, C 280 (both I6 and V6) and the AMG variants. It was launched in the U.S. in November 1993, and unlike models in Europe, featured a third stop light, no specific trim levels, and side lights at the end of the front-turn signals. The top speed was also electronically limited to 130 mph (210 km/h) in the US due to tire speed restrictions.
In 1997, the C-Class was given a small midlife freshening, with new darker rear tail light lenses, new wheel rims as well as subtle interior trim changes, including on the door mouldings. The exterior radio antenna was no longer fender mounted and was integrated into the rear glass. The front and rear bumpers were also reshaped, colour-coded side skirts were also fitted. The revised C 200 and C 230 models were fitted with a supercharger and denoted on the trunk lid as a "Kompressor".
In 1995, the C-Class received its first genuine performance model, the C 36 AMG, to counter the new six-cylinder BMW M3. Developed with AMG, the tuning house that had now become a subsidiary of Daimler-Benz, it had a racing-tuned suspension (lowered by 25 mm (1 in)) and in the USA, a four-speed automatic gearbox, followed by a standard five-speed automatic gearbox. The 3.6 L engine had a maximum output of 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp) at 5750 rpm and 385 N·m (284 lb·ft) at 4000 rpm. Top speed was electronically limited to 250 km/h (155 mph). Only a total of 5200 C 36 AMGs were produced.
In late 1997 (1998 model year) AMG developed a new flagship for the C-Class, the C 43 AMG, powered by a 4.3 L V8, which could now achieve 306 PS (225 kW; 302 hp) at 5850 rpm, with a torque of 410 N·m (302 lb·ft) at 3250 rpm. Unlike the C36, which was in fact a "ready-to-sell" C280 disassembled for tuning at the AMG factory, the C43 was the first AMG car to be completely assembled at the AMG plant in Affalterbach after the acquisition of AMG by Daimler-Benz in 1998. The C43 AMG can achieve a 0–100 km/h (0-60 mph) time in 5.8 seconds for the saloon version and 6.1 seconds for the estate. The C43 was the first C-Class to be equipped with a Mercedes-Benz V8 based engine.
Two versions exist: a saloon (chassis W202.033) and estate also called the "T version" (chassis W202.093). The overall body of the C43 AMG estate version has many similarities with the C36 AMG, except for the front and rear bumpers as well as the side body, both of which were re-designed. The black engine cover with the chrome AMG and Mercedes-Benz star logos is also very typical from that period in this market segment.
Some differences have been reported between the 1998 and the 2000 version such as the ECU software on the 2000 version that seems to provide better gearbox performances and longer life to the gearbox. Also the 2000 model gives the possibility to up or down lift the steering wheel and has the AMG forged letters on the brakes calipers.
The car was manufactured for a little more than two years – from the end of 1997 to the spring of 2000 for a total of 4,200 units 20% of which are estates and 80% saloons, with only 25 C 43 vehicles of the 2000 model year imported to the US.
The C43 is powered by a tuned version of the 4.3-liter M113 V8 engine originally found on the W210 E 430 model. After modifications this engine delivers 306PS (225 kW) at 5,850 rpm, up to 410Nm(302 lb/ft) of torque at 3,250 rpm-5,000 rpm (taken at the crank) and up to 241HP at 6,320 rpm measured at the wheels. According to Mercedes-Benz, the car can reach 155.5MPH (250 km/h), with electronic speed limitation and 168MPH (270 km/h) without. Transmission is an AMG-modified version of the five-speed automatic gearbox found on 1998-2000 R129 SL 500. Main modifications were made in order to achieve a more crisper and better adapted gearbox to higher-rpm upshifts. Also the braking system has been taken from the W210 E 55 AMG.
The second generation C-Class was introduced in 2000. The sedan debuted with a range of straight-four and V6 gasoline engines and straight-four and straight-five Diesels. Most of the engines were carried over from the W202, but the C 320 was exclusive, offering 218 PS (160 kW; 215 hp). The diesels now featured common rail direct injection and variable geometry turbochargers. Six-speed manual gearboxes were now standard for nearly the entire range (except the C 320). For the first time, the number designations were no longer equivalent to the engine displacement, more specifically in the C 200 (1.8 L), C 240 (2.6 L) and C 200 CDI (2.2 L).
In 2001, Mercedes increased the range, with the introduction of the new T-Model station wagon and SportCoupé. The Sportcoupé was a three-door liftback made to counter the BMW Compact. Removed from the North American lineup in 2005, replaced by the Mercedes-Benz B-Class in Canada, it continued on sale in other markets. From October 2000 until 2007, a total of 230,000 Sportcoupés were built in the Bremen factory and in Brazil.
In 2003, a new family of supercharged four-cylinder engines debuted, called M271. All of them used the same 1.8 L engine, with different designations according to horsepower levels, including a version powered by natural gas. The 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp) C 230 K was initially available only in the Sportcoupé (replacing the 2.3 L engine in 2002 and older models). The newer 1.8 L was less powerful but smoother and more efficient than the older 2.3 L (192 PS (141 kW; 189 hp) compared to 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp). 4MATIC four-wheel drive versions were also offered for the C 240 and C 320.
After the performance of the AMG models in the previous generation, Mercedes-Benz attempted to increase sales among high-end buyers by introducing two different AMG versions in the new model, also in 2001. The C 32 AMG scaled back down to a 3.2 L V6 engine, to match the E46 M3 displacement and improve weight distribution, but it required a twin-screw type supercharger (manufactured by IHI) to reach 354 PS (260 kW; 349 hp)) at 6100 rpm and 450 N·m (332 lb·ft) at 4400 rpm. Like its predecessors, it used a five-speed automatic, helping it to complete a 0–100 km/h sprint within 5.2 seconds. The second version was C 30 CDI AMG, using a 3.0 L five-cylinder engine, capable of 231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp) at 3800 rpm and 540 N·m (398 lb·ft) at 2000 rpm. Both were available in all three body styles, but the diesel model did not reach sales expectations and was retired in 2004, as well as the C32 AMG Sportcoupé.
Along with the mid-generation refresh of the C-Class in 2005, the C 32 AMG was also replaced, giving way to a new 5.4 L naturally aspirated V8-powered C 55 AMG. This was an evolution of the V8 engine found in the previous E-Class, with power raised to 367 PS (270 kW; 362 hp) at 5750 rpm and torque climbing to 510 N·m (376 lb·ft) at 4000 rpm. The C 55 AMG uses a V8 from the same engine family as the W202-generation C 43 AMG. Though maximum speed is still limited to 250 km/h (155 mph), the 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) time has dropped to 4.9 seconds, and the C55 AMG is considered the sportiest AMG model in the C-Class history before the recent release of the W204 (third generation) C 63 AMG. Unlike the less-powerful V6s in the rest of the Mercedes-Benz lineup, the C55 AMG continued to use the five-speed automatic with AMG Speedshift.
The C-Class was refreshed in early 2004. In this year, the interior styling was changed in all three body styles. The instrument cluster was revised to display a set of analog gauges, and the center console and audio systems were revised. A fully integrated iPod connection kit was available as was a better bluetooth phone system made optional. For the USA market C230, the "sport" package was made standard which included AMG edition bumpers, side skirts and front 4 caliper cross-drilled brakes from the C55. Widebody rear suspension with sport tuned springs and dampers completed the package for 2005 Mercedes c180 2005 280 bhp.
Several all-new M272 and OM642 V6 engines were introduced later in the year. The C 230, C 280, C 350 replaced the C 240 and C 320, the new-generation 6-cylinder engines developed substantially more power than the older version, by as much as 24% more, whilst also increasing fuel economy and reducing C02 emissions. The C 230, C 280 and C 350 developed 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp), 231 PS (170 kW; 228 hp) and 272 PS (200 kW; 268 hp) respectively. The three-valve twin spark design was replaced by a four-valve design, now with variable valve timing. On the diesel side too, things were much improved, with a brand-new V6 3.0-litre CDI diesel. The new V6 diesel offered masses of more power compared to the C 270 CDI, by as much as 32% more, the CO2 emissions and fuel economy were also bettered, the output of this engine 224 PS (165 kW; 221 hp) and its torque of 510 N·m (380 lb·ft) made it the worlds most powerful diesel at the time. The C 220 CDI received a power increase from 143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp) to 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) In addition, these engines also received the new seven-speed 7G-Tronic automatic transmission, a more economical naturally aspirated 1.8 L (C 160) was added to the Sportcoupé lineup.
However, the W203 Sportcoupé liftback will continue to be produced in Brazil beyond this date, since Mercedes-Benz does not foresee producing a W204 Sportcoupé. Indeed, it has decided to offer an updated CL203 Sportcoupé with a new restyled front end inspired by the W204 sedan and an improved engine range parallel to the one of the W204. It was also spun off into its own separate line as the Mercedes-Benz CLC-Class.
Introduced in 2001 for the 2002 model year, the C-Class SportCoupé (codenamed CL203) was a three-door hatchback coupe with a fastback profile, based on the regular W203 C-Class range.
While the C-Class sedan and wagon had the traditional Mercedes horizontal bar grille with the hood ornament, the coupé had a star-grille front end. The coupé also had a swooping fastback roofline, and a functional rear spoiler at the short rear end that added downforce on the rear tires at high speeds. One exclusive option to the coupé was a panorama sunroof that was intended to make the rear seats feel less cramped. The coupé was seven inches (178 mm) shorter overall compared to the sedan but both share the same wheelbase length.
The following model year (2003), a new family of supercharged four cylinder engines, dubbed M271, debuted for the entire range C-Class range. All of them used the same 1.8 L engine, with different designations according to horsepower levels, including a version powered by natural gas. The 193 PS (142 kW/190 hp) engine, generating more than the 168 horsepower 2.6L V6 powering the C240, was initially available only in the C230K Sportcoupé but was later offered in the C230K Sport Sedan.
While BMW's 3-Series hatchback was criticized as looking like a full-sized 3-series with the rear chopped off, the Sportcoupé's fastback profile was considered a more stylist off-shoot of the C-Class sedan. While the C 230 base model enabled the automaker to reach a lower price point than existing models sold in North America, some suggested that the hatchback configuration (as "liftback" is almost never used in North America) and the "inexpensive Mercedes" moniker would undermine the marque which was traditionally composed of expensive cars. It also lacked standard leather seats and a CD player, amenities typically expected of German luxury imports (especially a Mercedes).
Like the BMW 3-Series hatchback, the Sportcoupé proved unpopular with the younger buyers it was targeted towards, due to high prices compared to the lower entry-level models it was competing against, as well as unfavorable exchange rates. Along with the C-Class Estate (wagon), the Sport Coupe was discontinued in Canada and the United States after the 2005 model year.
Although removed from the North American lineup in 2005, it continued on sale in other markets. From October 2000 until 2007, a total of 230,000 Sportcoupés were built in the Bremen factory and in Brazil.
Mercedes found that the Sportcoupé was a popular first Mercedes for new customers, 40 per cent of whom reportedly return to buy more expensive models later on.
The SportCoupé was spun off into its own separate line called the CLC-Class in 2008, but still based on the W203 platform, with an updated front and tail inspired by the W204 C-Class. The refresh reworked the rear and front along with some other refinements and new details (Mercedes claimed around 1100 components), including a steering system borrowed from the SLK-Class and a revised suspension. Out of the sheetmetal of the CLC-Class, only the doors and roof were carried over from the Sportcoupé. The interior is still largely similar to the first-generation Sportcoupé, although it did receive the W204 steering wheel and an updated optional navigation system. Some auto journalists noted that the improvements were limited in order to differentiate the CLC-Class and protect the status of the more lucrative marques in the lineup; one reviewer stated the "CLC does just about enough to introduce new customers to the world of Mercedes" and that it had the "feel of an authentic Mercedes-Benz, which is more than I'd say about the A-Class and B-Class front-wheel-drive hatchbacks".
The car was presented at the 2008 Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin, which took place from the 27th to 31 January 2008. The CLC was produced in Brazil at the company's plant in Juiz de Fora, close to the state border with Rio de Janeiro.
Due to the age of the W203 platform which "exudes a level of float and wallow" not found in the W204 C-Class, the CLC received mixed reviews against sportier rivals such as the BMW 1 Series coupé (a successful replacement of the 3-Series hatchback).
Despite being an interesting option as a first Mercedes, Daimler AG decided that the CLC would not continue production. Instead, the W204 C-Class received a traditionally designed coupé added to the lineup for the 2012 model year, coinciding with the facelifted W204 sedan/saloon in the fourth quarter of 2011. The 2012 C-Class Coupe is positioned directly against the BMW 3 Series Coupé.
As of Sep 20, 2006, over two million C-Class vehicles (including Sedan, Station Wagon and Sports Coupé) had been sold since March 2000, with 1.4 million sedan since May 2000, 330,000 wagons since spring 2001, 283,000 Sports Coupé since spring 2001. Over 30% of total sales occurred in Germany, over 20% in the USA.
On Dec 14, 2006, Daimler announced the last of the series 203 C-Class sedan, an iridium silver C 230 sedan built in Sindelfingen plant, was sold to a customer in the U.S. Total 630,000 C-Class sedans had been produced at Sindelfingen plant.
DaimlerChrysler introduced a new generation of the C-Class on January 18, 2007 and displayed it in the 2007 Geneva Auto Show. Sales started on March 31, 2007 in almost all European countries. The new vehicle has an extended wheelbase and tracks, a stiffer bodyshell and a design inspired by the most recent S-Class and some hints from the CLS-Class.
Unlike the previous generations, the Estate (station wagon) version is no longer sold in North America, likely due to poor sales of the W203 model.
The Mercedes E-class coupe (W207) shares its platform with the C-class.
The W204 C-Class is the second best-selling entry-level luxury car in Canada and the United States, after the E90 BMW 3 Series.
Early models include C 200 KOMPRESSOR, C 280, C 350, C 220 CDI, C 320 CDI. C 180 KOMPRESSOR, C 230, C 200 CDI were available beginning August 2007.
The W204 C-Class has four trim levels of equipment – Classic, Elegance, Avantgarde, and AMG. The Classic is the base trim found only on the smaller four-cylinder engine models and come with Brighton cloth seats (ARTICO leather optional), while the Elegance has ARTICO leather (vinyl) upholstery standard (leather optional), and the Avantgarde has Liverpool/ARTICO fabric seats (leather optional). The Classic and Elegance lines retain the traditional Mercedes-Benz radiator grille usually on sedan models, with a three-point star bonnet emblem, and is designed to appeal to regular luxury buyers. The Avantgarde and AMG have a grille similar to that on Mercedes' sport coupe models, with three horizontal bars and a large centre-mounted star, plus there is additional equipment such as a three-spoke steering wheel, AMG bodykit, lower sport suspension, upgraded brake piston calipers, and larger alloy wheels, and these configurations are designed to position the C-Class as a sports sedan. Unlike previous generations of the C-Class and other contemporary Mercedes sedans which stayed with the traditional grille and hood ornament, the W204's advertising predominantly features the sport grille and AMG bodykit, especially in Canada and the United States.
In the United Kingdom, the Classic line is known as the SE, while the Avantgarde line is known as the Sport which has an AMG bodykit and AMG alloy wheels as standard. Most of the lineup consists of four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, there is also a 3.5L V6 petrol and 3.5L V6 diesel, and the V8 petrol for the C63 AMG.
In the United States, the Elegance trim is on the C300 Luxury (RWD with 4MATIC option), while the Avantgarde is on the C300 Sport (only US market C-Class with available manual, RWD with 4MATIC option) and C350 Sport (RWD only). There is no Classic/SE trim, no four-cylinder engines, and no wagon body style. Both lines have an additional amber light in front of the front wheel well.
In Canada, only the AMG trim line is used, while Elegance/Luxury and Avantgarde/Sport trim names are not used. There is no Classic/SE trim, no four-cylinder engines, and no wagon body style. The base C230 (renamed the C250 from 2010 model year onward) is exclusive to the Canadian market and is the only model that has anemities similar to the Elegance/Luxury trim with the traditional grille and three-point star hood ornament. The other C-Class models (C300, C350, C63) all have the AMG bodykit and sport grille standard like the Avantgarde/Sport, and these are optional on the C230 via an $800 Sport Package (which rises to $1200 for the 2011 model year due to the new LED fog lights). All models, except for C63 AMG, are available in both RWD and 4MATIC.
The middle of the dashboard has a sliding panel that reveals the color LCD screen, which displays radio and other vehicle secondary functions when the car is in operation. C-Class cars that have the COMAND APS with navigation receive a larger TFT screen (7-inch), which retracts to allow the panel to cover it when the vehicle shuts down. The 2011 facelift removes the retractable cover and replaces it with a fixed screen, connecting into the instrument cluster.
The 2010 models of the C-Class received a new style of turn signals on the side mirrors. For 2011 model year onwards, the bumper fog lamps in the AMG bodykit have been replaced by LED lights, except for the C63 AMG which retains its unique bumper.
There is a special system exclusive to this class, named 'Agility control' package, which through its unique concept provides drivers with excellent agility and ride quality. It achieves this feat through a hydro-mechanical set up, which constantly analyzes road conditions and driving 'habits', then it adjusts damper & suspension settings accordingly to provide the driver the best possible balance between ride comfort and agility. Buyers can opt for 'Advanced agility control' package that offers the 'sport' mode button.
It is a concept sedan demonstrating Mercedes-Benz's first 4-cylinder BLUETEC Diesel engine complying with the EURO 6 emission standard. It includes an inline-4 cylinder variable nozzle turbocharged engine with third-generation common-rail direct injection rated 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) and 400 N·m (295 lb·ft), 6-speed manual transmission, exhaust gas recirculation, particulate filter, oxidising and SCR catalytic converters. The car accelerates from 0-100km/h in 8.5 seconds, with the top speed of 229 km/h (142 mph).
It is a near-production study based on the C-Class Estate. It includes a 4-cylinder engine and hybrid combine rated 224 PS (165 kW; 221 hp) and 560 N·m (413 lb·ft).
The vehicle was unveiled in 2007 Tokyo Motor Show.
4MATIC models include 7G-TRONIC seven-speed automatic transmission, permanently active all wheel drive with 45:55 torque split, transfer case with multi-disc clutch centre differential, 4ETS traction control, Electronic Stability Program.
C 320 CDI 4MATIC and C 350 4MATIC models also include ELEGANCE and AVANTGARDE trim package option, which include 17-inch light-alloy wheels, a luxury multifunction steering wheel and fine wood or aluminium trim in the interior.
The vehicles went on sale on summer 2007. Early models include C 320 CDI 4MATIC, C 280 4MATIC, C 350 4MATIC.
C-Class Estate was unveiled in 2007 Frankfurt International Motor Show, and later in 40th Tokyo Motor Show 2007, followed by Auto China 2010.
The vehicles went on sale in September 2007. Early models include C 200 CDI, C 220 CDI, C 320 CDI, C 320 CDI 4MATIC, C 180 KOMPRESSOR, C 200 KOMPRESSOR, C 230, C 280, C 350.
These variants featured additional fuel savings over regular models. Fuel efficiencies were increased via weight reduction using newly developed windscreen made of laminated glass from Maybach saloon, optimised noise-insulating firewall lining, using forged lightweight wheels with low rolling resistance tyres from Michelin, lightweight transmission; reducing drag coefficient to 0.25 via smooth underbody cladding, radiator grille shutter, sealing the joins between the bonnet and headlamps, as well as between the bumper and headlamps, streamlined exterior mirrors housing, lowering the suspension by 15 millimetres, aerodynamically tuned wheels; servo pump shut-off in power steering system; new 6-speed manual transmission with newly developed final drive featuring further-improved antifriction bearings and forged differential gears, longer final-drive ratios (C 180 KOMPRESSOR, C 200 CDI); ECO Training mode cockpit; reduced engine displacement, optimising the combustion chamber, mixture formation and engine friction (C 180 KOMPRESSOR); direct injection with max 200 bar piezoelectric fuel injectors (C 350 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY).
Early models were introduced in spring 2008, including C 180 KOMPRESSOR BlueEFFICIENCY, C 200 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 350 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY.
C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 250 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY were introduced in 2009. C 250 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY includes direct injection. All 3 models include choice of saloon or estate body.
C 180 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 200 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 250 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY were added in 2010, with C 250 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY and C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY available in autumn 2010. All 4 models include choice of saloon or estate body. ECO start/stop function is included for C 180 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 200 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY. Direct petrol injection were added for C 180 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 200 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY. C 250 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY includes Electronic Stability Program, traction system 4ETS.
C 350 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY included standard Elegance or Avantgarde equipment line. Saloon model includes AMG spoiler lip on the boot lid, a dual-flow exhaust system with polished stainless steel tailpipe trim, seven-speed 7G-TRONIC automatic transmission, 16-inch light alloy or no charge optional 17-inch wheels, speed-sensitive steering, "SPEEDTRONIC" cruise control with variable limit speed.
European model was sold for 46,796.75 euros (incl. VAT).
C 350 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY was unveiled in 2008 Geneva Motor Show.
It is a limited (5000 units) version of C 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY saloon with AVANTGARDE equipment line. It includes 16-inch light-alloy wheels with 205/55 R16 tyres, and no-cost optional 16-inch 7-spoke wheel with 205/55 R16 tyres and 17-inch light-alloy 5-twin-spoke wheels with 225/45 R17 front and 205/40 R17 rear tyres; floor mats with the lettering "Prime Edition", aluminium (optional: bird's-eye maple) trim.
European model went on sale for €40,638.50 (including VAT).
It is an equipment option based on C-Class saloon/estate with AVANTGARDE design. It includes darkened front headlamps with a dark cover frame, the new indium grey (optional obsidian black, palladium silver, iridium silver or calcite) body colour, 17-inch 5-spoke light-alloy wheels with 235/60 R 17 front and 255/55 R 17 rear tyres or 16-inch 7-spoke light-alloy wheels and 205/55 R17-size tyres, black ARTICO man-made leather with Liverpool fabric in como beige colour, contrasting topstitching in comobeige, optional leather seats in black/sahara beige or black/cognac brown, brushed aluminium trim parts.
The C63 AMG is reportedly the first AMG-Mercedes designed from the ground up for performance. Its AMG C-Class predecessors had essentially featured "bolt on" performance modifications, and according to Car and Driver these earlier AMG models suffered from "relentless understeer" and "heavy steering". The C63 AMG has a revised front end suspension that is taken from the CLK 63 AMG Black Series. The ESP can now be completely turned off, interfering only under heavy braking. The C63 AMG also has the quickest, most responsive steering of any Mercedes to date. AOL Autos described the new C63 as the best driver's car in the Mercedes lineup.
The AMG 6.208L V8 engine, despite being detuned compared to other AMG offerings using the same powerplant, still provides the C63 AMG with more horsepower and torque over direct rivals such as the Audi RS4 and BMW M3. The 7G-Tronic automatic transmission has AMG SpeedShift with three shift modes – Comfort, Sport and Manual – with the last one running with the converter locked allowing the driver to hold the engine at the rev limit. Car and Driver tested the car in their December 2007 issue and recorded a 0–60 mph time of 3.9 seconds and a quarter-mile time of 12.3 seconds at 116 mph (187 km/h). This made the C63 AMG the quickest 4-door production sedan in the world at its debut.
In 2009, Mercedes-AMG introduced Performance Package Plus for C 63 AMG saloon and estate models, which includes increasing power to 487 PS (358 kW; 480 hp)@6800rpm and 600 N·m (443 lb·ft)@5000, compound brake discs on the front axle and red painted brake callipers, composite brake discs connected aluminium bowl via cast-in arms, carbon fibre spoiler lip on the boot lid (saloon), AMG performance steering wheel in nappa leather with a grip area trimmed in Alcantara. The product went on sale in December 2009 for €7080.50 and €6426 for saloon and estate respectively (including 19% VAT). Optional black designo leather, covering the upper section of the dashboard, the upper door trim and the armrest on the centre console, is available in conjunction with nappa leather appointments for €2856 (price includes 19% VAT).
In 2010, Mercedes-AMG introduced a new "AMG P31 Development Package" for an extra $6,050, which ups the power to 487 PS (358 kW; 480 hp) compared to 457 PS (336 kW; 451 hp) for the standard model. Top speed has increased to 280 km/h (174 mph). When equipped with this package, the C63 AMG features a revised ECU and crankshaft.
It is a a limited (20 units) edition of C 63 AMG with AMG Performance Package Plus for the UK market. Introduced by Mercedes Specialist Products Division, it includes increased engine power to 525 PS (386 kW; 518 hp) and 650 N·m (479 lb·ft)) of torque.
The DR 520 costs £9,995 above the standard C 63 AMG price, making the DR 520 Saloon £62,430 and the Estate £63,680.
The new C-Class completed 24 Million test kilometers. Until 2009, it was the most tested Mercedes-Benz ever before sales start. In this year, the new E-Class came out which completed 36 Million test kilometers.
C 63 AMG was the official Safety Car for the second DTM race of the season in Oschersleben.
C 63 AMG Estate became the Official F1 Medical Car in 2009 Formula 1 season.
C 180 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY 2010- 1,796 cc (110 cu in) 16V I4 (M271) 156 PS (115 kW; 154 hp)@?, 250 N·m (184 lb·ft)@?
C 200 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY 2010- 1,796 cc (110 cu in) 16V I4 (M271) 184 PS (135 kW; 181 hp)@?, 270 N·m (199 lb·ft)@?
C 200 CGI ? 1.8 16V I4 (M271) 184 PS (135 kW; 181 hp)@?
C 180 CDI ? 2.1 16V CDI I4 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp)@?
C 230 is sold as C 250 in Japan and Canada, C 260 in China.
Since November 2009, the new CGI engines replaced the kompressor engines, with the same output, more torque, and better fuel efficiency. the C 250 CGI, using an M271 engine with charged gasoline injection engine replaced the C 230 2.5 V6 engine, with same output but with more torque.
Versions of the car are available with a choice of rear- and all-wheel drive (the AWD system is the fourth-generation 4MATIC system, not available in right-hand drive format), along with a variety of four and six-cylinder engines (and a 6.2-litre V8 in the C 63 AMG). 4MATIC denotes all wheel drive models.
For C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, automatic start/stop system is added in 2010.
C 180 CGI BlueEFFICIENCY ? ? ?
C 200 CGI ? ? ?
C 180 CDI ? ? ?
The 2007 Mercedes-Benz C Class was awarded Car of the Year in Australia by Wheels Magazine, edging out the Ford Mondeo and Mazda 2 for the award. It was also awarded "Executive Car Of The Year" by Top Gear Magazine for the 2007 Top Gear Awards as well as being awarded 2007–08 Japan's Import Car of the Year in late 2007 and again in late 2011.
The 2007 Mercedes-Benz C-Class was awarded 'Yellow Angel 2008' by ADAC.
C 63 AMG was awarded Europe Tuning Car of the Year 2008 by journalists of the UIGA, the Italian association of motoring journalists.
During the 2007 sedan launch, Mercedes-Benz started the 'C-for Yourself' campaign developed by BBDO France, featuring online campaign with a new 360-degree soft configurator, a host and interactive films; A 30-/40-second television commercial with new Formula 1 world champion race car driver Fernando Alonso as brand ambassador. An 'Exclusive Driving Experience' campaign in Barcelona (April 1-3, 2007) allows some 80 consumers from all over Europe to experience the C-Class in an especially attractive environment. Vacationers who stay at selected Robinson Club Resorts and Westin Hotels & Resorts facilities in Germany, Austria, Scotland, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece between May and September 2007 have opportunity to test-drive the new C-Class. Premium shopping malls attendants during April and May 2007 could also test drive the vehicles. The new C-Class vehicle also appeared in German Touring Car Masters series starting on April 22, 2007. Mercedes-Benz also started Mobile Special campaign that includes special mobile client software that can be called up either by text messaging (SMS) a number assigned to each country or directly from the Mercedes-Benz website in the participating markets. The Mobile Special also contains the dates of C-Class events and invitations to callers. C-Class Avantgarde model with the AMG package also appear in Second Life starting on March 16, 2007, where player can purchase the virtual model for 1,500 Linden Dollars or virtually test-drive it on a challenging track.
As part of C-Class station wagon campaign, Mercedes-Benz launched print ad showing C-Class station wagon on a stage, flanked by a curtain and background scenery. A previously launched Mobile Special campaign was expanded to include the wagon. Mercedes-Benz also held test driving events between December 2007 and April 2008 in selected Robinson Club resorts, various vacation resorts in Fuerteventura and Turkey, Serfaus, Fiss, Ladis, and Ski Amadé (Austria). Between December 2007 and January 2008, spontaneous test driving events were also held in selected upscale shopping centers and malls in Germany.
C-Class sedans were produced in Sindelfingen plant, Beijing plant, and in East London, South Africa plant since 2007.
C-Class Estate production began in DaimlerChrysler plant in Bremen.
As of April 3, 2007, 75,000 orders have been received for the new C-Class sedan at the time of its market launch.
The total sales of C-Class vehicles reached 261,500 in 2007.
As of June 2, 2008, the C-Class vehicle sales exceeded 300,000 units.
As of November 21, 2008, the C-Class vehicle sales reached 500,000 units, with 440,000 sedans and 60,000 wagons. The 250,000th C-Class - an iridium silver metallic C 220 CDI sedan - was produced in Sindelfingen and delivered to a customer in Japan.
C-Class Coupé were produced beginning in 2011 at Bremen plant.
As of August 2, 2010, the C-Class vehicle sales reached one million units, with 840,000 sedans and over 160,000 wagons. United States occupied 25 percent of total sales, followed by Germany and China.
In December 2010, Mercedes released some photos and details of W204 C-Class facelift, with the vehicle officially unveiled in 2011 Detroit Auto Show, and later in Auto Shanghai 2011.
Some new features of the new model includes engine start-stop system, 7G-TRONIC PLUS gearbox available for lower end models with revised gear ratios to improve fuel economy. There is also a minor revision of the exterior appearance, including LED daytime running lights integrated into the main headlamps housing, and LED taillights. The interior has been significantly reworked to bring its arrangement and quality closer to the E-Class and S-Class. There is a high resolution screen on the dashboard which has visual functions similar to the S and CL Class models, and it also features the new Mercedes-Benz Comand APS system first seen on the 2010 E Class.
Ten new driving assistance systems, including Adaptive Highbeam Assist, Active Lane Keeping Assist, Active Blind Spot Assist, ATTENTION ASSIST drowsiness detection, DISTRONIC PLUS proximity control, Speed Limit Assist, Parking guidance including PARKTRONIC, PRE-SAFE Brake, Lane Keeping Assist, Blind Spot Assist, are now available for this model series. The new-generation telematics include internet access and a 3D navigation display with plastic city views.
The multimedia system COMAND Online now provides internet access when car is stationary.
All the engine variants are now classed as BlueEFFICIENCY units. All petrol engine models include direct injection. All models with automatic transmission, except C 300 CDI 4MATIC, include 7G-TRONIC PLUS 7-speed automatic transmission.
The C 350 will receive the new 3.5L V6 engine with a 60-degree vee-angle and direct injection. There will also be a new entry-level C 250 which has a 1.8L turbocharged inline-4 with direct injection.
Saloon and Estate versions could be ordered from 10 January 2011. The European market launch took place from March 2011. Early models include C 180 BlueEFFICIENCY, C 200 BlueEFFICIENCY, C 250 BlueEFFICIENCY, C 350 BlueEFFICIENCY, C 350 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY, C 180 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 200 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 250 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY, C 300 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY. Sales of C 250 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY began in June 2011.
Sales of C 350 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY Saloon and Estate began in June 2011.
The C 250 4MATIC (a Canada-only model with a 2.5L V6 which was badged as the C 230 4MATIC from 2008 to 2009, is still offered since 4MATIC isn't yet compatible with the turbo inline-4 engine), C 300 and C 300 4MATIC (3.0L V6) will retain their 90-degree vee-angle V6 engines and the 7G-tronic transmission, while the 6-speed manual transmission which was previously available for the rear-wheel drive 2008-2011 C 230/250 and C 300 has now been dropped in North American markets due to low sales.
The North American models are expected to be available at the dealers starting September 2011.
C-Class Coupé was unveiled in 2011 Geneva Motor Show. Car and Driver noted that the styling was similar to the 2008-2012 Honda Accord Coupe.
Early models included C 180 BlueEFFICIENCY, C 250 BlueEFFICIENCY, C 350 BlueEFFICIENCY, C 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, C 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY.
US models went on sale in September 2011, which included C 250, C 350, and C 63 AMG.
Beginning in 2011, the C63 AMG includes the AMG SPEEDSHIFT MCT transmission from SL 63 AMG, replacing the 7G-Tronic automatic transmission with AMG SpeedShift. Other features include new 5 twin-spoke AMG light-alloy wheels painted in titanium grey, 235/40 R 18 front and 255/35 R 18 rear tyres, all-colour three-dimensional TFT display in the middle of the redesigned speedometer, three-spoke AMG performance steering wheel from CLS 63 AMG, aluminium shift paddles with manual gear selection, optional designo leather upholstery.
AMG Performance package includes raising engine power to 487 PS (358 kW; 480 hp)@6800rpm and 600 N·m (443 lb·ft)@5000, 0-100 km/h acceleration time of 4.4 seconds (Estate: 4.5 s), composite front discs and red painted brake calipers, carbon-fibre spoiler lip on the boot lid (Saloon) and the AMG performance steering wheel in nappa leather with an Alcantara grip area.
Edition 1 model (Coupé only) includes AMG sports seats, door centre panels and armrests in black designo leather with contrasting porcelain seams on the sports seats, trim parts with porcelain piano-lacquer look, two-tone AMG performance steering wheel sets black nappa leather off with a lower section in porcelain designo leather, AMG multi-spoke light-alloy wheels painted in matt black.
Sales of Saloon and Estate models began in July 2011.
Coupé models went on sale in July 2011.
Available in Coupé body, it includes an upgraded version of C 63 AMG engine rated 517 PS (380 kW; 510 hp)@6800rpm and 620 N·m (457 lb·ft)@5000rpm, zero to 100km/h in 4.2 seconds acceleration, 255/35 R 19 and 285/30 R 19 wheels, black diffuser insert from SLS AMG GT3, chromed twin tailpipes, AMG sports suspension with AMG rear axle differential lock, 3-stage ESP, two AMG sports bucket seats, black DINAMICA microfibre upholstery on the centre panels of the seats and doors, omission of the rear bench seat (single rear seats available as option), AMG performance steering wheel in nappa leather/DINAMICA microfibre, steering wheel rim featuring flattened top and bottom sections has aluminium shift paddles for manual gear changes, red seat belts and red contrasting topstitching on the steering wheel, on the seats, door centre panels, armrests on the doors, the centre console and on the shift lever gaiter; three autonomous round dials has a three-dimensional TFT colour display.
AMG Track Package includes 255/35 R 19 front and 285/30 R 19 rear sports tyres from Dunlop, active rear-axle transmission cooling with radiator in the rear apron.
AMG Aerodynamics package includes carbon fibre flics on front apron, carbon fibre functionally tuned front splitter, fixed carbon-fibre rear aerofoil with an adjustable blade.
The vehicle went on sale in January 2012 for 115,430 euros (incl. 19% VAT). China and US models went on sale on March 2012.
C-Class Coupé Sport went on sale in June 2012.
C 63 AMG Estate with AMG Performance Package was used as official F1 Medical Car in 2011 Formula 1 World Championship series.
In 2012, C 180 BlueEFFICIENCY was replaced by 1,595 cc (97 cu in) turbo engine.
As part of the 2011 model year launch campaign, Two 45 and 30-second TV advertisements was made, which take a humorous and cinematographic approach to the C-Class Saloon and Estate models, focusing in particular on the innovative ATTENTION ASSIST system, which detects and provides early warning of the onset of driver drowsiness. The 20-second pre-roll titled 'Souvenir' takes a enjoyable approach to the C-Class Estate's 1,500-litre load capacity. Printed ad features C-Class photographed against an urban backdrop, with the 'living city look' highlights the sportiness and dynamic qualities of the vehicles.
As part of the C-Class Coupé campaign, an interactive web video titled 'Drive & Seek' was released on March 2011, featuring the theft of a work of art, a car chase starring the new C-Class Coupé and the hero agents, who rely on the help of the user, who must stay focused and make split-second decisions in order to capture the thieves and return the painting to its rightful owner. 4 short films highlight the C-Class Coupé's top features in terms of agility, design, safety and comfort. The web special was accompanied by cinema-poster-style ads and posters. Print ad campaign started on 11 May, designed to show off the sporty and dynamic qualities and sleek design of the new C-Class Coupé. Three different ad images show the vehicle with a high-gloss finish in palladium silver on a disused air field in Jerez de la Fontera, Spain, where parts of the web thriller were also shot. In the bright midday sun, the Coupé comes across as a shining jewel. Messages such as "More style per hour, "Awe. Inspiring" or "Adrenaline accelerator included" accentuate the vehicle's modern image. The two 45- and 30-second cinema ads also take a humorous approach to the campaign slogan "More glances per hour", which was released on 19 May 2011 serving as sequel to the Drive & Seek, linking back to the bank robbery featured in the film.
A behind the scene video titled Making of C 63 AMG Coupe Fotoshooting was released by Mercedes AMG, featuring C63 AMG Coupe and a Ducati 848 in matching white.
C-Class vehicle was rated Top Safety Pick 2009 by Institute for Highway Safety.
C-Class Coupé earned five stars for occupant protection. The optional PRE-SAFE and PRE-SAFE Brake safety system received Euro NCAP Advanced prize.
Siemens, employing prototype hybrid technology, showed off a modified Mercedes C-Class Sport Coupe that boasts faster acceleration, more torque—and better fuel economy—than its gasoline-powered equivalent. However, the company admitted that the car was "far from ready for production", and too expensive to manufacture or sell.
Karmann also showed a concept of the W203 Sportcoupe (prefacelift), which was turned into a convertible car with softtop. This prototype never reached production status.
On Dec 10, 2009, Daimler announced the production of the C-Class will be concentrated at the Bremen plant with additional production in the United States for the local market.


Day 6 – What was the most intense or effective magickal experience of your life?
It would have to be when I created my alphabet of Desire, The Ravens of antimony. It was one of my most planned out rituals, and it is one of the only rituals I use blood in. There was also a full moon that night, and you could just feel the magickal energy in the air. It also took about two hours to do, and was a long spiritual experience of crafting each raven with meticulous detail, allowing them to be their own special unique servitors selves. Then for the next couple of days tending to them, and strengthening their energies, so that they would be able to help me, and my practice, and they still are called upon to do good work, and I still get some of my best results when the ravens of antimony are involved.
Day 7 – Have you explored other magical traditions alongside witchcraft? Do these influence your practices?
Yes I have looked into other magickal traditions, and I am eclectic, and syncretic, so the influence my practice when they are needed, and all hold their own spiritual truths. These are such practices as Reiki, Kuji-in, Kuji-Kiri, Taoism, Tantra, Chaos magick, Hermeticism, Kabbalah, New Age Spiritualism, and Hoodoo, along was some other things I'm probably forgetting.
Day 8 – Do you have a connection to a deity, pantheon, or certain aspect of the universe? How did this connection happen?
I am not connected to any deity, pantheon, or certain aspect of the universe at least I don't think so. Atleast I really don't think except maybe wolves, and antimony, I guess. If that counts as aspects of the universe, and I'm not too sure why I'm connected to them exactly. As for wolves It might be because I'm a therianthrope, and I like connecting to the energies of those beings. As for antimony I think I'm connected to it, because it is connected to the more animalistic side of humanity (Also wolves), and is also connected to higher energy vibrations.
Day 9 – Have your views on how magick works changed in any significant way over the years?
Yes my views on how magick works has changed over the years. This is primarily, because I was uninterested to learn how magick worked in the beginning, and I used to never be able to find any reliable information on how it worked. As I learned more, and more, and gain even more knowledge on many different fields of magick, and the occult I gained a much more solid understanding of magick. This allowed My views to grow, change, and evolve into this.
Day 10 – Do you feel that practicing witchcraft has influenced your personal approach to ethics?
Yes, I do believe that practicing witchcraft has influenced my personal approach to ethics. I believe I understand a lot more about ethics now that I've been practicing for a while. I can also see now why people practice certain ethics, and why certain ethics are good from certain standpoints. It is also changed up my own understanding of ethics I choose to follow, along with the ones I have to follow. All of these understanding changes though have been for the better.


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