text:
Q: AngularJS filter multiple specific objects I trying to make a filter with AngularJS that filters specific data parts of a scope, for example:
$scope.opdrachten = [
    {"organisation":"Organisation1","number":"7ZDG54","city":"Amsterdam"},
    {"organisation":"Organisation2","number":"9D4F3G","city":"New York"},
    {"organisation":"Organisation3","number":"1AS2S3","city":"Paris"},
    {"organisation":"Organisation4","number":"4A5T7D","city":"Oslo"},
];

This is what i have in my scope to filter, but i only want to filter organisation and number without AngularJS filtering city. I have already managed that Angular only filters organisation but i can't find any documentation that shows me how i can filter multiple sections of the scope.
Here is my Fiddle

A: Hello what do you think of this solution :
    Fiddle
<div style="background:#eee;" ng-repeat="emp in opdrachten | filter:query">

$scope.query = function (emp) {
return emp.organisation.indexOf($scope.queryFilter)!=-1 ||  emp.number.indexOf($scope.queryFilter)!=-1 ;

}


The Brisbane Broncos' 44-22 thumping of the visiting Newcastle Knights in the National Rugby League has come at a cost for Queensland's State of Origin side.
Maroons reserve forward Josh McGuire suffered a serious Achilles injury, while the Broncos' Queensland winger Darius Boyd also came off late in Friday night's clash with a groin complaint.
New South Wales coach Laurie Daley also looks set for some anxious moments before July 8's Origin decider in Brisbane, with Newcastle hitman Beau Scott's shoulder forcing him to leave the field too, after 15 minutes.
At the least, Queensland coach Mal Meninga will need to announce a rejigged interchange bench when he names his side on Monday, to cover for McGuire, who went down in the 58th minute.
Canberra's Josh Papalii or Sydney Roosters enforcer Dylan Napa appear his most likely replacement.
And it remains to be seen whether Meninga will also have to tinker with his backline after Boyd failed to go the distance in Brisbane's fifth straight win.
A player who did push his Origin cause was Knights centre and Queensland prospect Dane Gagai who helped Newcastle fight back from a 20-0 deficit after 28 minutes.
The Knights - who led the competition after four rounds - have now won just one of their past 11 games and are on a five-game losing run.
Elsewhere on Friday night, South Sydney eased past struggling Manly 20-8 at ANZ Stadium to keep the Sea Eagles anchored to the bottom of the NRL ladder.


text:
Levels of retinoic acid and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expression in eyes of the Mitf-vit mouse model of retinal degeneration.
T. Duncan, C. Swint, S. B. Smith, B. N. Wiggert
PURPOSE: Several reports have characterized the retinal degeneration observed in the Mitf(vit) mutant mouse. Despite these reports, the factor(s) that may cause or modulate the degeneration still are not well defined; however, it is known that the photoreceptors of Mitf(vit) mice die through an apoptotic mechanism. We reported previously that retinoid metabolism in the RPE of Mitf(vit)++ mice is perturbed. Retinoids regulate genes via the RAR and RXR nuclear receptor pathway that are involved in numerous cellular responses including apoptosis. It is possible that retinoic acid (RA) modulates the retinal degeneration observed in the Mitf(vit) mice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of RA in whole eyes, as well as its distribution between neural retina and RPE, of the Mitf(vit) mutant mouse model. An additional purpose was to examine the expression of the RA generating enzyme, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD2), in the eyes of mutant and control mice. METHODS: The distribution of AHD2 in eyes of pre- and postnatal Mitf(vit) and C57BL/6 wild-type mice was determined immunohistochemically. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of RA were performed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: The distribution of AHD2 in ocular tissues was similar between pre- and postnatal Mitf(vit) and C57BL/6 control mice. At postnatal week 10, however, a marked increase in AHD2 immunoreactivity was noted in the central dorsal neural retina of Mitf(vit) mice. No differences in the level of total RA in whole eyes were noted between Mitf(vit) and control mice at early postnatal ages. By 10 weeks of age there was a significant elevation of RA that was localized to the neural retina. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we show a high level of AHD2 and RA in the neural retina of Mitf(vit) mice relative to control mice. It is possible that this elevation of RAs contributes to the retinal degeneration observed in Mitf(vit) mice either by inducing apoptosis or by enhancing the effect of some other factor(s) involved in the apoptotic pathway.
Molecular Vision
Retinaldehyde
Retinal Degeneration
Retinoids
Reverse-Phase Chromatography
Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Receptors
Duncan, T., Swint, C., Smith, S. B., & Wiggert, B. N. (1999). Levels of retinoic acid and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expression in eyes of the Mitf-vit mouse model of retinal degeneration. Molecular Vision, 5.
Levels of retinoic acid and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expression in eyes of the Mitf-vit mouse model of retinal degeneration. / Duncan, T.; Swint, C.; Smith, S. B.; Wiggert, B. N.
In: Molecular Vision, Vol. 5, 28.06.1999.
Duncan, T, Swint, C, Smith, SB & Wiggert, BN 1999, 'Levels of retinoic acid and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expression in eyes of the Mitf-vit mouse model of retinal degeneration.', Molecular Vision, vol. 5.
Duncan T, Swint C, Smith SB, Wiggert BN. Levels of retinoic acid and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expression in eyes of the Mitf-vit mouse model of retinal degeneration. Molecular Vision. 1999 Jun 28;5.
Duncan, T. ; Swint, C. ; Smith, S. B. ; Wiggert, B. N. / Levels of retinoic acid and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expression in eyes of the Mitf-vit mouse model of retinal degeneration. In: Molecular Vision. 1999 ; Vol. 5.
@article{848940c692ff47d2b9a9992eea8eea91,
title = "Levels of retinoic acid and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expression in eyes of the Mitf-vit mouse model of retinal degeneration.",
abstract = "PURPOSE: Several reports have characterized the retinal degeneration observed in the Mitf(vit) mutant mouse. Despite these reports, the factor(s) that may cause or modulate the degeneration still are not well defined; however, it is known that the photoreceptors of Mitf(vit) mice die through an apoptotic mechanism. We reported previously that retinoid metabolism in the RPE of Mitf(vit)++ mice is perturbed. Retinoids regulate genes via the RAR and RXR nuclear receptor pathway that are involved in numerous cellular responses including apoptosis. It is possible that retinoic acid (RA) modulates the retinal degeneration observed in the Mitf(vit) mice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of RA in whole eyes, as well as its distribution between neural retina and RPE, of the Mitf(vit) mutant mouse model. An additional purpose was to examine the expression of the RA generating enzyme, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD2), in the eyes of mutant and control mice. METHODS: The distribution of AHD2 in eyes of pre- and postnatal Mitf(vit) and C57BL/6 wild-type mice was determined immunohistochemically. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of RA were performed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: The distribution of AHD2 in ocular tissues was similar between pre- and postnatal Mitf(vit) and C57BL/6 control mice. At postnatal week 10, however, a marked increase in AHD2 immunoreactivity was noted in the central dorsal neural retina of Mitf(vit) mice. No differences in the level of total RA in whole eyes were noted between Mitf(vit) and control mice at early postnatal ages. By 10 weeks of age there was a significant elevation of RA that was localized to the neural retina. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we show a high level of AHD2 and RA in the neural retina of Mitf(vit) mice relative to control mice. It is possible that this elevation of RAs contributes to the retinal degeneration observed in Mitf(vit) mice either by inducing apoptosis or by enhancing the effect of some other factor(s) involved in the apoptotic pathway.",
author = "T. Duncan and C. Swint and Smith, {S. B.} and Wiggert, {B. N.}",
journal = "Molecular Vision",
T1 - Levels of retinoic acid and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase expression in eyes of the Mitf-vit mouse model of retinal degeneration.
AU - Duncan, T.
AU - Swint, C.
AU - Smith, S. B.
AU - Wiggert, B. N.
N2 - PURPOSE: Several reports have characterized the retinal degeneration observed in the Mitf(vit) mutant mouse. Despite these reports, the factor(s) that may cause or modulate the degeneration still are not well defined; however, it is known that the photoreceptors of Mitf(vit) mice die through an apoptotic mechanism. We reported previously that retinoid metabolism in the RPE of Mitf(vit)++ mice is perturbed. Retinoids regulate genes via the RAR and RXR nuclear receptor pathway that are involved in numerous cellular responses including apoptosis. It is possible that retinoic acid (RA) modulates the retinal degeneration observed in the Mitf(vit) mice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of RA in whole eyes, as well as its distribution between neural retina and RPE, of the Mitf(vit) mutant mouse model. An additional purpose was to examine the expression of the RA generating enzyme, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD2), in the eyes of mutant and control mice. METHODS: The distribution of AHD2 in eyes of pre- and postnatal Mitf(vit) and C57BL/6 wild-type mice was determined immunohistochemically. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of RA were performed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: The distribution of AHD2 in ocular tissues was similar between pre- and postnatal Mitf(vit) and C57BL/6 control mice. At postnatal week 10, however, a marked increase in AHD2 immunoreactivity was noted in the central dorsal neural retina of Mitf(vit) mice. No differences in the level of total RA in whole eyes were noted between Mitf(vit) and control mice at early postnatal ages. By 10 weeks of age there was a significant elevation of RA that was localized to the neural retina. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we show a high level of AHD2 and RA in the neural retina of Mitf(vit) mice relative to control mice. It is possible that this elevation of RAs contributes to the retinal degeneration observed in Mitf(vit) mice either by inducing apoptosis or by enhancing the effect of some other factor(s) involved in the apoptotic pathway.
AB - PURPOSE: Several reports have characterized the retinal degeneration observed in the Mitf(vit) mutant mouse. Despite these reports, the factor(s) that may cause or modulate the degeneration still are not well defined; however, it is known that the photoreceptors of Mitf(vit) mice die through an apoptotic mechanism. We reported previously that retinoid metabolism in the RPE of Mitf(vit)++ mice is perturbed. Retinoids regulate genes via the RAR and RXR nuclear receptor pathway that are involved in numerous cellular responses including apoptosis. It is possible that retinoic acid (RA) modulates the retinal degeneration observed in the Mitf(vit) mice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of RA in whole eyes, as well as its distribution between neural retina and RPE, of the Mitf(vit) mutant mouse model. An additional purpose was to examine the expression of the RA generating enzyme, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD2), in the eyes of mutant and control mice. METHODS: The distribution of AHD2 in eyes of pre- and postnatal Mitf(vit) and C57BL/6 wild-type mice was determined immunohistochemically. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of RA were performed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: The distribution of AHD2 in ocular tissues was similar between pre- and postnatal Mitf(vit) and C57BL/6 control mice. At postnatal week 10, however, a marked increase in AHD2 immunoreactivity was noted in the central dorsal neural retina of Mitf(vit) mice. No differences in the level of total RA in whole eyes were noted between Mitf(vit) and control mice at early postnatal ages. By 10 weeks of age there was a significant elevation of RA that was localized to the neural retina. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we show a high level of AHD2 and RA in the neural retina of Mitf(vit) mice relative to control mice. It is possible that this elevation of RAs contributes to the retinal degeneration observed in Mitf(vit) mice either by inducing apoptosis or by enhancing the effect of some other factor(s) involved in the apoptotic pathway.
JO - Molecular Vision
JF - Molecular Vision

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Montana State University Billings has been an integral part of the Billings community and a student-centered learning environment since its early days as Eastern Montana College. Founded in 1927, the university continues to nurture a longstanding tradition of educational access, teaching excellence, civic engagement and community enhancement in an urban setting. In the classroom and in the community, students receive a well-rounded unique education and training for Associate'€™s, Bachelor'€™s and Master'€™s degrees for careers through the University'€™s five colleges '€" arts and sciences, business, allied health professions, education and technology.


I love that you relinquish all food rules for birthdays! That is a great idea and my husband would be ecstatic :) I think I may have to adopt that i our home.
hello katie! thanks so much for sharing your meal plans. they are a life saver. just a questions. what noodles would you use if doing a grain-free version of the sour cream noodle bake?
I'm so glad you like them! I use rice noodles but you can try spaghetti squash if you want to stay away from all grains.


A cry for help is heard in the distance…Real Life (RL) Charity Groups need exposure and donations, Second Life (SL) noobs just starting out with questions that need answering…these are just a few of the many impressive things that the Green Lanterns of Second Life (SL) have responded to successfully. As they jokingly say..."They were green before it was trendy!"
The Green Lanterns (one of the longest running superhero groups in Second Life) can be described in basic terms as a Neighborhood Watch in Second Life. We dress as members of the Green Lantern Corps from the comics, and patrol the grid looking for those in need of help. We assist new residents in making the transition from Real Life into Second Life. We submit Abuse Reports to Linden Lab when griefers attack. We educate landowners about security arrangements. We provide security patrols for Second Life events. We offer free power rings, uniforms and training to new members. The Green Lanterns stand between innocent residents and those who would do them harm.
We adhere to several standard ethical principles.
§ We never attack anyone, even to fight back in self defense if we are attacked. That constitutes Assault, item #3 of the Community Standards "Big Six" behavioral guidelines. Attacking another resident makes us no better than a griefer.
§ We never use our group's equipment, uniform or title for personal gain.
§ We never represent ourselves as having any power beyond that of a regular resident.
§ We are a volunteer organization, and as such we never solicit or accept payment for our services.
and click on the application giver. You must be six months old in Second Life before you can apply for membership.
I spoke with the Leader of The Green Lanterns of SL. Here's a brief quote on his opinion of the group.
To protect the good people of Second Life (SL) from the bad. We never take direct action against these bad people. We never ask for any payment for what we do."
The Green Lanterns are made up of veteran individuals from previous SL Groups. These heroes are the best from previous SL groups (the cream of the crop you could say) who have pledged their time to volunteer, raise money for accredited RL Charity Groups and educate the citizens of the SL Grid for a peaceful and fun experience.
Everyone needs a save. It's nice to know that these veteran superheroes are out there helping the SL Community. These Emerald Protectors have our backs for sure.
This is Davvek Suun Ki reporting...until next time... Keep that Green Light Burning Bright!


text:
Policy Programs
Aspen Seminars
Aspen Public Service Leadership Program
Aspen Leadership Trust
Aspen Leadership Awards and Gala Dinner
Aspen Global
Aspen Dialogues: Resilience and Foresight – The World after the Pandemic
Aspen Institute Romania, in partnership with the German Marshall Fund of the United States, Bucharest Office, the Aspen Institute Germany, and the Aspen Institute Italia, is organizing the webinar Resilience and Foresight – The World after the Pandemic, on May 29, between 14:30 – 15:30 Central European Time / 15:30 – 16:30 Eastern European Time. The webinar, organized under the aegis of the Aspen Dialogues Series, the Governance and Society Program and the Aspen Economic and Strategy Group, will address the issues of resilience and foresight in a post – pandemic world, in the context of the necessary global recovery after the crisis created by the Covid-19 outbreak.
Now more than ever, it has become clear that the concept of resilience has evolved from a narrow understanding, to a global concern. The debates will cover four strategic dimensions: transport, cyber, demography and future of work. Given recent developments, all these aspects related to resilience-building in front of global threats such as pandemics, will determine the agenda for many years to come.
The webinar will also address resilience in the face of fake news, a tactics which has recently become a key pillar of a wider hybrid warfare campaign waged by state and non-state actors against institutions such as NATO, the EU, and their member states. As the intensity and potential for harm of the fake news campaign have increased since the pandemic, the webinar will discuss strategies to identify and counteract fake news, looking at best practices and potential lessons learned.
During the webinar, Mr. Maroš Šefčovič, European Commission Vice-President for Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight, will engage in a moderated discussion with Ms. Baiba Braže, Assistant Secretary General for Public Diplomacy, NATO, chaired by Andrew Wrobel, Founding Partner, Strategy & Content, Emerging Europe. They will approach resilience and foresight from the perspective of two of the most important international organizations, focusing on the baseline requirements for resilience and a highly necessary Index for Resilience.
Participants will have the opportunity to engage in a moderated Q&A session.
Media partner of the event: Emerging Europe
Webinar Report
Amb. Baiba Braže
Assistant Secretary General for Public Diplomacy, NATO
Ambassador Baiba Braže was appointed Assistant Secretary General for Public Diplomacy in May 2020. She advises the Secretary General on public diplomacy issues and directs the Public Diplomacy Division (PDD), which plays a key role in conveying the Alliance's strategic and political messages to opinion formers and to the public in general. PDD works to […]
Amb. Maroš Šefčovič
European Commission Vice-President for Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight
Maroš Šefčovič (born in 1966) is a Slovak career diplomat, and since 1 December 2019 Vice President of the European Commission in charge of the
Andrew Wrobel
Founding Partner, Strategy & Content, Emerging Europe
Andrew Wrobel is the Founding Partner of Emerging Europe, a London-based intelligence, news and community platform, and the leader of the Tech Emerging Europe Advocates initiative, a member of the Global Tech Advocates network. Trained as a journalist, he specialises in technology and innovation, foreign direct investment, nation branding and soft power, and cross-cultural communications. […]
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text:
Panning Parodies: Rush Limbaugh
Author: Rich | Posted at: 11:14 AM | Filed Under: Barack Obama, First Amendment, imus, labels, Politics, Rush Limbaugh
Rush Limbaugh has seemingly revived the Don Imus debate despite coming under fire for very different reasons.
Whereas Imus made racially insensitive statements that some consider bad humor and others call rampant radio racism, Limbaugh has been airing a parody song entitled "Barack the Magic Negro," a piece about African-American Sen. Barack Obama's popularity with many white voters. While Obama's campaign has dismissed the parody as dumb and not something "anyone takes this too seriously," some Limbaugh critics are attempting to do just that.
"We take these things seriously because there's a consistent pattern of them making their way into the mainstream media and then the mainstream consciousness," said Karl Frisch, a spokesman for Media Matters, as told to the Chicago Tribune. "It's important to shoot these things down."
The parody, which began in March, is receiving more attention now primarily because of the recent Imus case as well as increased threats with racial overtones being received by Obama. Such threats have prompted a special security detail to be assigned to him on the campaign trail.
The parody seems to poke less fun at Obama than it does Rev. Al Sharpton. The comedian singing the parody imitates Sharpton, bemoaning Obama's popularity with whites who will, the lyrics predict, "vote for him and not for me 'cause he's not from da hood."
As difficult as it is to do, an objective view might find that the parody is neither funny nor racist. It seems to be insensitive (perhaps ignorant and certainly offensive to some people) in its attempt to draw attention to presumed differences between the two men (Sharpton and Obama). Obama's campaign calls it right: it is not to be taken seriously.
In fact, taking the parody seriously, as Media Matters attempts to do, seems to risk more tension than the parody might generate on its own. It also seems to add more weight to a revived "PC" argument that censorship works. It does not.
No, I've never been a fan of name calling (especially along racial, religious, and economic lines), but I am a fan of the First Amendment. As such, I am predisposed to look at such issues differently.
Although name calling and unwarranted labeling causes an emotional reaction in all of us, I also think it makes more sense to let such rants stand because the words say a lot more about the name caller than the person or people being called a name. And if we overreact to other people's mistakes, it might say even more about us.
Case in point: I like Limbaugh all right, but perhaps he lost a little credibility airing this parody for so long. I used to like Media Matters somewhat, but it is becoming more and more difficult to like them when they pay a disproportionate amount of attention to what "people they like" say vs. what "people they don't like" say. It's silly at best and hypocritical at worst.
More importantly, we best serve ourselves by not giving in to our own fears by overreacting to people who call us names or poke fun at our faith, heritage, values, politics, professions, or even the color of our skin. Anytime you experience anger over what someone says, it might be worth considering where that anger comes from. Are we afraid they might be right or that other people might think they are right? Hopefully not; but often, sadly so.
I'm not saying we should ignore name calling or hate speech, but rather suggesting that there are ways to address ignorance without labeling it as racist (unless it is on its face). That might be more effective than censorship.
You know, at the end of the day, I'll probably disagree with Obama on politics, but today I agree with his dismissal of the parody. It was smart on his part. As for his heritage, it's as irrelevant to me as President Kennedy being Catholic or President Bush being from Texas. Try as some might to prove otherwise, labels and other nonsense sidebars really don't mean that much.
MK on 5/7/07, 2:34 PM said...
Mr Moustache, here's a good intro to the topic which I hadn't heard of till I read your posting.
Limbaugh's critics apparently don't dispute idea contained in his song just the manner in which it is being handled.
The Magic Negro appears to be a term invented by sociologists after the integration of schools in the South. It refers to a new post-racial image for black men typified by Sidney Poitier.
Allegedly, it appeals to whites because it spells the end of racism. But critics see it as the bland and shallow product of an inept attempt to pander to white liberal tastes and their desire for a quick and happy ending to racial problems.
Rich on 5/7/07, 3:05 PM said...
That's an excellent addition of context. Very nice.
I'm not so sure I know where I would fall on "The Magic Negro" as a sociology label. On the quick, I don't really like it ... but that could be a copywriter thing. :)
I might agree that minimizing "white guilt" over the role of slavery and racial segregation in American history might not be a bad thing (nor would teaching African-American kids that the system is NOT necessarily stacked against them).
These concepts are taught with the best intentions, but not always best outcomes. My son was introduced to the guilt concept in the first grade. After 6 years of being color blind, he came home to ask me why his ancestors (and white people in general) were mean to African-Americans. It really bothered him — too much emphasis on the context of MLK and not enough emphasis on the message, IMO.
Well, our ancestors came over from Europe after slavery, l explained to him. And not everyone on the planet (or in our country) sees race like some people do in America. We have to hope it will get better. For me, it doesn't make a bit a difference, largely because of my personal experiences and background, and I hope he carries that forward.
As far as Obama, as a political consultant I would be naive not to consider voting blocks based on heritage. As a American voter, however, I only see him as a political candidate.
Geoff_Livingston on 5/7/07, 6:56 PM said...
Limbaugh is an idiot, and any comment in public or private that includes the word negro (with the exception of MLB honoring the Negro Leagues) should be consider racist. Also consider the source.
Rich, just got your comment approved. Was along day. Thanks for chatting it up.
Thanks Geoff. Great job on the top 15 PR Blogs too. Very glad to see Media Orchard made the cut!
I won't argue the Rush point. Like most shock jocks, left and right, he has his moments. ;)
The wikipedia entry is most informative.
The Magical Negro term was popularized by Spike Lee. It refers to blacks in movies who help whites overcome their problems, often personal failings.
The problem is that the black role, though positive, is still secondary.
Rich on 5/8/07, 6:49 AM said...
Good reference, especially since it adds context that Limbaugh prefaced his usage of the term by explaining that the title came from Ehrenstein and/or the LA Times.
While unfamiliar with the term, I am familiar with the concept. Although popularized by Spike Lee, it seems disparaging to me for the reason you cite: it's positive, but secondary. In film, I think we're moving past that. In life, some African-Americans are criticized for supposedly embracing the role.
It's one of the reasons I'm predisposed to toss out labels. Labels are limiting; we are not our labels.
While I admit it is not the same as racism, I spent the first 10 years of life limited by labels in the form of corrective shoes (starting with toe-to-hip casts) to fix a handicap. After that, three years in tennis shoes was all it took before joining a track team. I wasn't supposed to be able to run a mile. But that's the funny thing about labels, sometimes they are the only thing that hold people back.
Maybe that's why Albert Einstein said imagination is more important than knowledge. The prevailing knowledge suggested I would always be limited. It took imagination to prove otherwise.
Saving Jericho: Seven Solutions For Rangers
Standing Ground: Towbin Hummer
Marketing Jericho: Season Two
Giving Thanks: Memorial Day
Doing Good: BlogCatalog.com
Freeing TV: Dr. Seuss On Jericho
Feeling Fallout: Nielsen Over Jericho
Spinning 2.x: Julie Roehm
Placing Ads: Jericho Command
Making Memes: Thinking Blogger
Remembering Jericho: Back Lot Projects
Shipping Nuts: NutsOnline For Jericho
Landing Loudly: David Neeleman
Saving Jericho: Seven Solutions For CBS
Going Nuts: CBS In Crisis
Getting Nuts: CBS Over Jericho
Adding Content Value: Social Media
Emerging Trends: Digital Media
Shifting For Social Media: PR Newswire
Marketing Media: The Recruiting Animal Shooowww!
Generating Book Buzz: David Meerman Scott
Freeing Paris: Palms Las Vegas
Reading Online: Slate Magazine
Remembering A Friend: Nelson Ellis, Jr.
Testing Waters: TalentZoo
Digital Media Moving Forward: Motorola
Remembering Moments: Recruiting Animal
Laying Blame: Paris Hilton
Embracing Change: Technorati
Promising Too Much: College Bound Aid
Imitating Life: The Office
Overreacting Or Not: PC Magazine
Creating Connections: Blog Rolls, Favorites, Networks


text:
Amgen's Kyprolis wins 'backbone therapy' FDA nod after trumping Velcade in trial
by Carly Helfand |
Back in March, Amgen's ($AMGN) Kyprolis posted impressive results in a head-to-head trial with Takeda behemoth Velcade--and now, those results have helped it grab an important thumbs up from the FDA.
Thursday, the agency approved the med in tandem with dexamethasone or with dexamethasone plus Celgene's ($CELG) Revlimid to treat patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have already received between one and three other treatments, the company said. Separately, U.S. regulators green-lighted the med on its own to treat patients with relapsed or refractory forms of the disease who have received one or more lines of therapy--effectively converting a 2012 accelerated approval for the med into a full approval.
The combo go-ahead "supports the use of Kyprolis as a backbone therapy" for the management of the disease, Amgen R&D Chief Sean Harper said in a statement, and it's one that comes based on progression-free survival data that showed Kyprolis could stave off myeloma for twice as long as Velcade.
The approval could make a significant impact for the California biotech, which shelled out nearly $10 billion for Kyprolis' maker, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, back in 2013. As Evercore ISI analyst Mark Schoenebaum wrote in a March note to investors, $1.6 billion peak sales estimates would potentially have to go up, and investors' opinion of the Onyx deal would probably improve, too. Thus far, the med hadn't quite put up the performance they'd hoped for, posting $137 million in Q3 sales that missed the Street's prediction of $141 million.
Of course, the ultimate goal for Amgen is to snag a first-line indication for Kyprolis, which would open access to larger patient pools and lengthen the duration of therapy. And the March head-to-head results vs. Velcade indicated that a trial pitting the two against one another in newly diagnosed myeloma patients could succeed, too, Schoenebaum said at the time.
- read Amgen's release
Special Reports: The top 15 pharma companies by 2014 revenue - Amgen | Top 20 orphan drugs by 2018 - Kyprolis | Pharma's top 10 M&A deals of 2013 - Amgen/Onyx
Carly Helfand


The Jackals Run is fast becoming known as one of the best trail races in the North West and there is a reason why!
Well organised, beautifully, challenging trail with amazing bling for your efforts plus hot food at the finish line and a bar... What more could one ask for!
There is plenty of parking and the atmosphere of the day is awesome!
After a tough climb out of Sunnyhurst woods, you will head into the picturesque tockholes forest before taking on Lions Den and Aggies staircase. From there you will head across to the Iconic Darwen Tower where our event photographer will catch a memory of your day with us before a steep and fast descent back into Sunnyhurst!
There is a reason we sell out every year... Because our events are tough and rewarding with amazing bling... surrounded by like minded individuals!
It sells out quickly with only a field of 200 - do not miss your place!


text:
Salmonberry Saloon in Wheeler Earns Two National Awards
February 21, 2019 by Food Dude
Salmonberry Saloon Earns Two National Awards Recognizing Sustainable Seafood Sourcing and Ocean-Friendly Restaurant Practices
It's the first restaurant on the Oregon Coast to be named a "Smart Catch Leader" by the James Beard Foundation, and the first to earn Surfrider Designation
Tillamook County, Oregon, February 20, 2019—The Salmonberry Saloon in Wheeler, Ore., recently received two national awards for its ocean-friendly business practices.
The James Beard Foundation named the restaurant a "Smart Catch Leader," making it one of 11 restaurants in Oregon to receive the designation, and the first on the Oregon Coast. Smart Catch is an educational seafood program created by chefs to increase the sustainability of the seafood supply chain. More than 90 percent of the world's fisheries are either fully fished or overfished.
"We are so proud to be recognized by the James Beard Foundation for our focus on sustainable seafood sourcing," said Chantelle Hylton, owner of Salmonberry Saloon. "Oregonians are fortunate to have the gorgeous Pacific Ocean right in our backyard, and to have access to such fresh fish, crab, clams and other seafood. As a restaurant owner on the Oregon Coast, protecting the environment and sourcing food sustainably is of utmost importance."
To become a Smart Catch Leader and retain the status, restaurants must:
Complete at least three assessments in the calendar year
Score 80% or higher on back-to-back assessments
Have two or fewer "Red" items
Have 8% or less "Red" volume
Have no items listed as "Endangered" according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
"Chef Charles Lutka comes from highly regarded seafood-centric restaurants, including the Michelin-starred Marea in New York City, so preparation is as thoughtful as sourcing," Hylton adds.
Salmonberry Saloon received a perfect score, making the restaurant a national leader for the Smart Catch program. Two other restaurants outside of Portland also made the list for the first time, including Marché in Eugene, and Sybaris Bistro in Albany.
"We're lucky to have restaurants like Salmonberry Saloon on the Tillamook Coast, where we are focused on sustainable ocean harvest practices that help protect our environment," says Nan Devlin, director of tourism for Visit Tillamook Coast.
Salmonberry Saloon is among 60 businesses on the North Coast Food Trail, which features farms, farmers' markets, breweries, wineries, distilleries, restaurants, cooking schools, guided tours and experiences, lodging and retail stores.
Salmonberry Saloon also recently became the first Oregon Coast restaurant to receive the Surfrider Designation as an Ocean Friendly Restaurant. Participating restaurants must follow these five criteria:
No expanded polystyrene use (aka Styrofoam)
Proper recycling practices are followed
Only reusable tableware is used for onsite dining, and disposable utensils for takeout food are provided only upon request
No plastic bags offered for takeout or to-go orders
Straws are provided only upon request
They must also follow at least two of these criteria:
No beverages sold in plastic bottles
Discount is offered for customers with a reusable cup, mug, bag, etc.
Vegetarian/vegan food options are offered on a regular basis
All seafood must be a 'Best Choice' or 'Good Alternative' as defined by Seafood Watch or certified as sustainable
Water conservation efforts, such as low-flow faucets and toilets, are implemented
Energy efficiency efforts such as LED lighting and Energy Star appliances are in place
For more information, call (503) 842-2672 or email nan@tillamookcoast.com.
About Visit Tillamook Coast
Oregon's Tillamook Coast is one of the state's natural wonders. Picturesque bays, inland waterways, forests, farmlands, rivers and ocean beaches offer visitors a wide range of nature-based activities from kayaking, fishing and surfing to beachcombing and hiking. Fresh seafood is abundant, as is world-famous cheese and award-winning beer. The Tillamook Coast's villages, from Manzanita to Neskowin, each have their own unique heritage, personality and charm. For more information and to plan your getaway, visit www.tillamookcoast.com.
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I recently attended a meeting at which the subject of online education came up. Indeed, over the past few months, the possible impact of online education on higher education has come up a number of times in conversation. There seems to be a widespread feeling that as the technology for online education improves, it will have an enormous impact. As is usually the case with disruptive technologies, no one knows what form that impact will take.
I seem to remember reading predictions in the last few weeks that online education augured the end of the university as we know it. Somehow, the availability of free online courses available from a small number of elite universities like Stanford and MIT would lead to a collapse in demand for attendance at brick-and-mortar universities. To some, this is a wonderful prospect. To others, it is horrifying.
To me, the wild speculation over the implications of online education sounds like the same schizophrenic combination of undue optimism and pessimism that greeted television. To optimists, television would be a civilizing influence because it would universalize access to lectures, concerts, and plays. People would no longer need to be well-off residents of a large city to see lectures given by distinguished scholars and statesmen, plays performed by the greatest actors and actresses, and concerts performed by the best musicians. All of this would be piped into living rooms across the country, drowning the population in endless flood of high culture and elevating the tone of civic discourse.
Of course, we just have to turn on the television to know how misplaced this optimism was. To put it mildly, television content is diverse in terms of its high-mindedness. For every educational and uplifting nature show or documentary, there are ten Jersey Shores. And television has done an especially poor job of presenting reasoned debate on key issues.
To pessimists, especially in the movie studios, television was a threat. Given the opportunity to stay home and watch in the comfort of their living room, why would families visit the cinema? Of course, this pessimism turned out to be misplaced. Cinema not only survived the television, but the video recorder, as well as most other advances in recording formats.
To me, the example of television, and other disruptive advances in technology for interaction and delivery of content, suggests that online education is unlikely to obliterate brick-and-mortar universities. So I'm not ready to bail out on my teaching career yet. In general, I don't think we should be throwing up our hands in panic and running for the exits.
Some might go so far as to claim that universities offer a special and unique experience that can't be replicated online, and might even argue that no one should even try. The most absurd claim would be that whatever we do is so mysterious and special that it it can't be bottled and sold by anyone except our own wonderful selves: its effects can't be measured objectively, and there is no way of distilling the process into something that can be replicated by someone else. Such claims resemble the ones made by long line of disreputable professions that includes alchemists, faith healers, psychics, temple priests, charlatans, quacks, and management consultants. The common element is an objection to competition, evaluation or external scrutiny on the grounds that they have some kind of special knowledge deriving from their unique personal experience that cannot be quantified or described, replicated, or even understood by others. I don't know that anyone has made such extreme claims about the special role of universities and the skills of professors, but I'm sure someone will.
A more plausible claim is that higher education will be hard to move online because it is about branding, and is that what parents and students really seek and are willing to pay for is the diploma from a famous university that allows students to access to jobs at prestigious employers, and allows parents to brag to the members of their social circle. This may hold for elite institutions. For certain families, and certain employers, the name of the institution on the diploma is more important than the content of the education provided by the university. If Harvard or the other Ivies gave diplomas to monkeys, management consulting firms and investment banks would still hire them because they don't really care what they know or what they can do. They are more interested in being able to tell a new client that the team of new hires they are dealing with are all Ivy League graduates.
I doubt that branding or credentialing will insulate non-elite institutions from the effects of . Employers that are more reality-based than management consultancies and investment banks might very well come to the conclusion that someone who performed well in a series of well-designed online courses that taught specific skills needed by the employer is just as qualified as someone who has a diploma from a second- or third-tier school.
Overall, I don't think complacency on our part would be wise. Online education may not destroy universities, but it will have powerful effects that universities need to address. If we stick our heads in the sand and claim that the university experience is so unique and special that nothing could possibly augment or replace it, we're doomed. And if we stand in the way and actively seek to block inevitable change through clumsy, ham-handed efforts to take advantage of our current status and limit competition, we'll be run over, much like the music labels have been run over as the result of their bungled response to the rise of the internet as a medium for distributing content, and studios and cable companies are about to be run over.
Assuming that online education will have powerful, perhaps transformative effects on higher education, but will probably still leave universities standing, what is to be done?
The response of musicians to changes in the music business may be instructive. As I understand it, revenues from traditional sources such as royalties are declining or disappearing. The old model in which a band or musician struggled in obscurity until they landed a contract with a label and then made money off of royalties seems to be dead. Instead, musicians are generating much of their income from other sources where they have a comparative advantage and which involve direct human interaction. Such activities are by definition almost impossible to replicate online. The most important of these are ticket and merchandise sales at their live performances. Obviously this has been a struggle, but it does seem like a new model is evolving.
Higher education needs to evolve in a similar fashion. We need to transform the higher education experience so that faculty spend most of their time engaged in activities in which they have a comparative advantage, and less of their time in activities where online education is more effective, or at least more efficient.
Faculty have a clear comparative advantage in activities that require substantial and substantive interaction with students: responding to student questions, engaging small groups of well-prepared students in discussion, providing conceptual feedback on written work, and mentoring individual students or groups of students on projects. The common thread here is that the teaching is high-level, and focused more on training students to think independently and carry out research and less on the transmission of basic facts and concepts. Conversely, I believe online approaches may eventually turn out to have a comparative advantage in tasks currently served by large lecture courses: communication of basic theories and facts, and explication of basic methods. It wouldn't surprise me that almost anything in which mastery can be assessed via a multiple choice or short answer test could be taught online.
I propose we replace adapt a new model that recognizes the potential contributions of online education and the comparative advantage of faculty. We should replace the current model of teaching introductory material in giant lower division courses and advanced material in smaller upper division classes and seminars with a model in which basic facts, concepts, theories, and methods currently taught in large lecture courses are taught in modular fashion in online courses common to many or all universities, faculty and teaching assistants focus on seminars and small classes that emphasized projects, open-ended discussion, and other activities that make best use of the opportunity for interaction. The college experience would change fundamentally from the current one in which students enroll in large and probably alienating lecture courses for two years, then take smaller lecture courses in their last years, to one in which students in all four years combined online learning of the basic concepts now taught in large lecture courses and enrollment in small seminars, labs and courses. What is probably the least rewarding feature of the college experience for everyone involved, the large lecture course, could become a thing of the past, and students and faculty could spend more of their time interacting directly in a more rewarding and productive fashion.
Introductory science and math classes that focus on method and basic theory would be especially good candidates to be outsourced to online courses shared by multiple universities. Certain introductory courses in the social sciences, especially economics, might also be good candidates for outsourcing. The fact that these introductory courses are already taught as enormous lecture courses and look very similar across different universities suggests that they should be amenable to automation and outsourcing. At some point, for the entire country we might end up with a fairly small number of online introductory science and math courses that vary mainly in terms of intensity and rigor and to which universities could 'outsource' at least some of the lower division teaching that is now done in large lectures.
Remaining introductory courses in the social sciences and humanities will likely require a hybrid approach. Lower division social sciences and humanities courses differ more from one campus to another, and even from one instructor to another. The major exception, of course, is economics. It might be that we could never settle on the content of a small number of introductory sociology courses that every university in the county would refer its freshmen to. While basic exposition of key facts, ideas and concepts might be moved from the lecture hall to the internet, introductory courses might still remain university specific, and taught as hybrids, in which students still gathered in small groups with faculty or teaching assistants to engage in open-ended discussion of readings, or work together on projects.
Colleges could also increase access to experiences that are available now but not yet widespread, and for which an online substitute is inherently unfeasible. These could include time more spent abroad, either in travel study courses taught by their own faculty, or as an exchange student. Hopefully this could be integrated with online coursework. For example, a boring lecture course about Chinese society like the one I teach could be replaced with an experience that begins with an online course that teaches basic facts and introduces important scholarly research, and then concludes with a visit to China and perhaps a short seminar or project there.
More speculatively, perhaps we should revisit the whole notion of the standard academic calendar, in which the year is divided into semesters or quarters, and courses have fixed lengths, and in which the same material is taught in roughly the same week of the course every time it is taught. Perhaps we will transition to a more flexible system in which basic material that is now taught in well-defined lecture courses of fixed length are instead taught as a series of online modules that students complete at their own pace, and in which students enroll in a series of short seminars or labs organized around very specific topics, or work over long periods of time on individual or collaborative projects mentored by faculty or teaching assistants.
Going even further out on a limb, I wonder if online education could alter the relationship between secondary and tertiary education by increasing the preparation and qualification of applicants. In an ideal world, more of the material that is now being taught in freshmen year at college would be taught in secondary school. This is especially the case for basic math and science, which seem to require a great deal of what amounts to remedial teaching in these subjects. If online education makes it possible to offer more rigorous and advanced teaching to students at high schools that are not currently capable of delivering it, that would certainly be a good thing. This could be especially important for talented students who are not fortunate enough to attend a school that can offer honors or Advanced Placement courses, or even rigorous instruction in basic subjects.
Overall, I am pretty sure universities will survive online education, but may end up looking very different. Hopefully they will take advantage of the opportunities offered by online education to offer a much better and more rewarding experience to students.


text:
Q: How to write check if a TextBlock consists a specific string in windows phone 7 XAML? I've have a textblock and a textbox, I need to check and whether the textblock contains the textbox value, if yes then that specific value should be highlighted in some color. . .
For example,
TextBlock.Text="Just a Test"
if we type "te" in TextBox, then the value in the textblock should be highlight as "Just a *Te*st"
in xaml.
if anybody know means please say!
Thanks in Advance!

A: Hi i found the solution here's the underlying code that has been designed  in MVVM pattern :
EDIT : ** Pages -> MainPage.xaml.cs and ListViewModal has been changed according to ur need .
** was having some issue binding data from view modal so gave a quick response by doing it in code behind
MainPage.xaml
<phone:PhoneApplicationPage
x:Class="FirstAppInCSharp.MainPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:phone="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
xmlns:shell="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d" Width="Auto" Height="Auto"
FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}"
FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}"
Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}"
SupportedOrientations="Portrait" Orientation="Portrait"
shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="True" d:DesignHeight="768" d:DesignWidth="480">

<Grid Name='LayoutRoot'>
    <ListBox Height='500' Width='500' Background='Red'
        Name="ContactList"
        Margin="14,85,14,28" Loaded='ContactList_Loaded'
        Foreground="Black"
        ItemsSource='{Binding ListOftext}'
        >
        <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
            <DataTemplate>
                <StackPanel
                    Background='AliceBlue' Height='100' Width='500'
                    Orientation="Horizontal">
                    <TextBlock
                        FontSize='30'
                        Height='70'
                        Foreground='Black'
                        Text='{Binding DisplayName}' Width='300'
                         />
                </StackPanel>
            </DataTemplate>
        </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
    </ListBox>

    <TextBox
        Height='72'
        HorizontalAlignment='Left'
        Margin='8,27,0,0'
        Name='textBox1'
        TextChanged='textBox1_TextChanged'
        VerticalAlignment='Top'
        Width='460' />
</Grid>

Now the MainPage.xaml.cs
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
    TextBlock textBlock1 = null;
    List<TextBlock> listText = null;
    // Constructor
    public MainPage()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        Contacts contact = new Contacts();
        contact.SearchAsync("", FilterKind.DisplayName, null);
        contact.SearchCompleted += new EventHandler<ContactsSearchEventArgs>(contact_SearchCompleted);
    }
    void contact_SearchCompleted(object sender, ContactsSearchEventArgs e)
    {
        ContactList.DataContext = new ListViewModal(e.Results);
    }

    private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        SearchVisualTree(ContactList);

    }

    private void SearchVisualTree(DependencyObject targetElement)
    {

        var count = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(targetElement);

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            var child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(targetElement, i);
            if (child is TextBlock)
            {
                textBlock1 = (TextBlock)child;
                HighlightText();
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                SearchVisualTree(child);
            }
        }
    }

    private void HighlightText()
    {
        if (textBlock1 != null)
        {
            string text = textBlock1.Text;
            textBlock1.Text = text;
            textBlock1.Inlines.Clear();

            int index = text.IndexOf(textBox1.Text);
            int lenth = textBox1.Text.Length;

            if (!(index < 0))
            {
                Run run = new Run() { Text = text.Substring(index, lenth), FontWeight = FontWeights.ExtraBold };
                run.Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Orange);
                textBlock1.Inlines.Add(new Run() { Text = text.Substring(0, index), FontWeight = FontWeights.Normal });
                textBlock1.Inlines.Add(run);
                textBlock1.Inlines.Add(new Run() { Text = text.Substring(index + lenth), FontWeight = FontWeights.Normal });

                textBlock1.FontSize = 30;
                textBlock1.Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);
            }
            else
            {
                textBlock1.Text = "No Match";
            }
        }

    }

    private void ContactList_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {

    }
}

now the view modal for the list (I have added data manually)
public class ListViewModal : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    public List<CheckList> ListOftext { get; set; }

    public ListViewModal(IEnumerable<Contact> iEnumerable)
    {
        ListOftext = new List<CheckList>();
        foreach (var list in iEnumerable)
        {
            ListOftext.Add(new CheckList(){DisplayName = list.DisplayName});
        }
        RaisePropertyChanged("ListOftext");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Property changed method
    /// Executes when a property changes its value
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="propertyName"></param>
    public void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
    {
        // this is the property changed method
        //to detect property change
        if (PropertyChanged != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    private IEnumerable<Contact> iEnumerable;
}

now the data binding class (MOdel class)
public class CheckList
{
    public string DisplayName { get; set; }

}

thanks :) you can ask further questions if u want to or if you have any doubts .

A: Heres a sample code to be put in the text box TextChange event
private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        string text = "this is a TextBlock";
        textBlock1.Text = text;
        textBlock1.Inlines.Clear();

        int index = text.IndexOf(textBox1.Text);
        int lenth = textBox1.Text.Length;

        if (!(index < 0))
        {
            Run run = new Run() { Text = text.Substring(index, lenth), FontWeight = FontWeights.ExtraBold };
            run.Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Orange);
            textBlock1.Inlines.Add(new Run() { Text = text.Substring(0, index), FontWeight = FontWeights.Normal });
            textBlock1.Inlines.Add(run);
            textBlock1.Inlines.Add(new Run() { Text = text.Substring(index + lenth), FontWeight = FontWeights.Normal });

            textBlock1.FontSize = 30;
            textBlock1.Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.White);
        }
        else
        {
            textBlock1.Text = "No Match";
        }
    }

this will highlight the text and return no match is no match is found.
note : this code snippet is case sensitive.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ephesoft Enterprise is an intelligent document capture and data classification platform that accelerates the identification of various document types and extracts meaningful data to feed back office applications and line of business processes.
For more information please visit Ephesoft's website.
Advanced document learning - Ephesoft can be trained on just a few samples to recognize documents.


text:
\section{acknowledgment}
\label{sec:acknowledgment}

It took a village to make Ruta possible, we thank Feng Cai, Yanhuan Mao, Yinghao Li,  Bin Shi, Yijen Wang, Xing Jiang, Yin Wang, Sam Gao support for this project.
\section{conclusion And Future Work}
\label{sec:conclusion}

Ruta is a dis-aggregated routing system based on cloud native approach, we develop a new K-V based control plane to decouple the configuration and management complexity and provide distributed deployment which perfectly resolve the centralized SDN controller challenge. Meanwhile we provide a Segment routing based transport layer, it provide \emph{nearly zero loss and almost less than 200ms latency to access anywhere in the world over internet}. We also enable native socket support for endpoint enable QUIC multi-path capabilities, even more we simplify the cloud VPC deployment and provide transparency VPC to support hybrid-cloud deployment.

Ruta is a first step towards cloud native datapath, we believe it cloud be used in more scenarios like NetDAM~\cite{fang2021netdam} for HPC , new container network interface and cloud-agnostic RPC framework in the future. we are exploring to enable Ruta for P4 based switch and DPU offload , server-less computing and datastreaming processing cases in the future.
\section{Control Plane}
\label{sec:controlplane}

Ruta control plane is heavily use the ETCD features like lease, distributed lock and transparent proxy. Each service node could be a proxy for others connect to ETCD. All communications to ETCD require TLS, RBAC could be added enhance system security.

\subsection{Service Node Roles}
\label{subsec:snode_role}
Ruta define 5 roles of service node which is shown in Figure.\ref{Fig:ruta_archi}.

\begin{itemize}

	\item\textbf{ETCD:} This node is running ETCD process to provide distributed K-V store services as Ruta control-plane. All Ruta node info, routing table, policy and link state are represent in K-V pairs.

	\item\textbf{Fabric:} This node type is used as an middle box to relay the SRoU packets. This node could be implemented by in DPDK based appliance, or offload packet processing on DPU or pure P4 based switch to provide high bandwidth forwarding capabilities.  This node must enable link probe to other Fabric node and report link-state to K-V store.

	\item\textbf{Linecard:} This node fetch routing table and topology from ETCD and execute flexible algorithm to find available path and encode SRoU SID-list in each packet. Linecard node has various types to provide basic transport service or tightly integrate with applications.It could be physical SDWAN routing box , mobile vpn client, sidecar proxy, DPU or even a QUIC socket library integrated with applications.

	\item\textbf{STUN:} This node is used as a STUN(Session Traversal Utilities for NAT,RFC5389) server to help IPv4 based Fabric node and linecard node to retrieve their public address and port.

	\item\textbf{Analytic:} This node is used to watch stats from ETCD, analysis network failure and gives proactive response for policy change based on AIOps approach.

	\item\textbf{LSDB(optional):} This node is used as a regional linkstate database and cache to mitigate ETCD performance issue with in very large-scale and global deployment. This node contains a Redis DB for linkstate information.  Fabric and Linecard node could use geometry information hunting the nearest LSDB Node.

\end{itemize}

\subsection{Node Registration}

All service node must register to ETCD based on the following K-V pairs

\begin{itemize}

	\item\textbf{Key:=} "/node/{\color{orange}<role>}/{\color{cyan}<systemName>}"

	{\color{orange}<role>} is defined in section ~\ref{subsec:snode_role}, {\color{cyan}<systemName>} is a system wide unique value, just like traditional Router-ID, users could continues use router-id in this field,or use hostname string instead.

	\item\textbf{Value:} contains \emph{Site-ID}, \emph{Location} and \emph{SystemLabel}

	\subitem\textbf{Site-ID:} This field is used for site level policy enforcement.
	\subitem\textbf{Location:} This field store the node latitude and longitude information. Linecard node could apply flexible geo-aware-routing or build random-graph to reduce computational complexity in large scale network.
	\subitem\textbf{SystemLabel:} This is 24bits field for Segment ID compression and MPLS interworking. Label assignment is implemented by distributed lock mechanism over ETCD, each node acquire the lock from ETCD then assign unique smallest Number as SystemLabel, and register it back to ETCD with SystemLabel field.

\end{itemize}

\subsection{Service Locator(SLoC)}

Each of service node has multiple interfaces, Ruta use \emph{Service Locator(SLoC)} describe them.

\begin{table}[h!]
	\small
	\begin{tabular}{m{1.6cm}m{5.4cm}}
		\toprule
		\textbf{Field} & \textbf{Usage}\\
		\hline
		Color & This field is used for link level policy enforcement, user may defined it based on link type or coloring different links(same as color definition in SR-Policy).  \\
		\hline
		Private IP\&Port &  The private IP address and UDP port used for Ruta service.\\

		\hline
		Public IP\&Port &  The public IP address and UDP port used for Ruta service.\\

		\hline
		Interface Name &   optional field to store the local interface which initial the SRoU session.\\
		\hline
		RX/TX BW &  max upstream/downstream bandwidth, used for calculate link utilization.\\

		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
	\caption{Service Locator(SLoC) Field}
	\label{tbl:SLoc_field}
\end{table}
Ruta may use the shorten format to distinguish interfaces.

$SLoC_{short}$ := {\color{cyan}<systemName>}|{\color{orange}<color>}|<Private IP:Port>

\subsection{Service Hunting}
After Node registration, service node must send \emph{Service Location Route} for service discovery.

\begin{itemize}

	\item\textbf{Key:=} "/service/{\color{orange}<role>}/{\color{cyan}<systemName>}"

	\item\textbf{Value:} SLoC data structure will be used in this field.

\end{itemize}

\noindent Service Node could use prefix based fetch {\color{orange}/service/<role>} for service hunting, For instance, a new on-boarding device need STUN service, it may fetch {\color{orange}/service/STUN} as prefix from ETCD to hunt STUN server's public ip address and port.

\subsection{Link State}

When Fabric node finished the on-boarding process, it must fetch the {\color{orange}/service/lsdb} to discover the LinkState Database node. it must use prefix based fetch {\color{orange}/service/Fabric} to discover other fabric nodes, then start full-mesh link state probe to others. In some large scale deployment, Fabric node could config a white-list to reduce full-mesh probe.

The probe result need to update in LSDB Redis DB, if system does not contain LSDB node, it must send to ETCD, Link state K-V pair is shown as below:

\begin{itemize}

	\item\textbf{Key:=} "/stats/{\color{orange}linkstate}/<{\color{cyan}$SLoC_{src}$} - {\color{red}$SLoC_{dst}$}>"

	\item\textbf{Value:} Ruta Link state probe leverage the algorithm from Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol(RFC5357)~\cite{twamp}, it could provide two-way delay, jitter, loss measurement, it will also report the link utilization and up/down status.

\end{itemize}

\subsection{Service Route}

Inspired by Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol(LISP), Ruta service route does not contain any explicit nexthop but just mapping the uniform resource identifier(URI) to SLoC.
Ruta URI service route framework not only designed for packet routing service, but also support various of new services(eg. multi-cloud RPC, edge computing node).

For multi-cloud packet routing services, Ruta could carry EVPN-Route as resource identifier.

\begin{itemize}
	\item\textbf{Key:=}"/route/{\color{cyan}<type>}/{\color{orange}<export RT>}/{\color{blue}<RD>}/*"

	{\color{orange}Route Tagert(RT)} and {\color{blue}Route-Distinguisher(RD)} usage are same as BGP-EVPN, RT mechanism could be implemented by watch "/route/{\color{cyan}<type>}/{\color{orange}<RT>}/" prefix.

	EVPN route URI listed below:

	\begin{table}[h!]
		\small
		\begin{tabular}{m{1.5cm}m{5.2cm}}
			\toprule
			\textbf{Type} & \textbf{Key}\\
			\hline
			EVPN Type2 & /route/{\color{cyan}2}/{\color{orange}<export RT>}/{\color{blue}<RD>}/MAC/IP \\

			EVPN Type5 & /route/{\color{cyan}5}/{\color{orange}<export RT>}/{\color{blue}<RD>}/IPPrefix/Mask\\

			\bottomrule
		\end{tabular}
		\caption{ EVPN Route URI Format}
		\label{tbl:sroute_format}
	\end{table}

	\item\textbf{Value:} just like BGP attributes, it has 3 mandatory field(SiteID, SystemName, PolicyTag). TLV based optional field extension will be used in the future.

\end{itemize}

\subsection{Path Computation}

Unlike traditional routing protocol, Ruta is used for overlay transportation. The path computation logic is more like google map navigation, it could support various of algorithms to meet difference SLA.Meanwhile it does not require consistency of link-state database which is very useful during network failure.

By default, the linecard will build destination SLoC list based on EVPN routes, it will only use active link state probe for each destination service node. If some of the route has SLA violation, the linecard could use a fabric-node-list or randomly selected fabric nodes to fetch the related link-state, and execute local path computation.

Path Computation engine will generate a SLoC list for each EVPN route. This list will be encoded in SRoU header.

\subsection{Node Keepalive}

Service Node keepalive leverage the ETCD lease function, When a node failed to update lease time, the ETCD will automatic withdraw the related information. Consider the controller availability we implement 2 different lease time. The first lease time(60~120 seconds) is used for service node keepalive. The second lease time(600 seconds ~ 1200seconds) used for linkstate and service route.

\subsection{Micro Segmentation}

\textbf{Endpoint Identity:} Each of the endpoint may have it's identity or group policy tags, it could be updated by the following K-V pairs

	\textbf{Key:=}"/identity/userid/device-id"

	\textbf{Value:=} "group policy tags"

\noindent\textbf{Group based policy:} Each node may use the following K-V pairs for group based micro-segmentation:

\textbf{Key:=} "/control/group/$SRC_{group}$/$Dst_{group}$"

\textbf{Value:=}  "Action"|"SLoC list"

\noindent\textbf{Route control:}Network operator could update the control policy to the entire system by using:

\textbf{Key:=} "/control/RT/2/$SRC_{MAC}$/$SRC_{IP}$/$DST_{MAC}$/$DST_{IP}$"

\textbf{Key:=} "/control/RT/5/$SRC_{prefix}$/$SRC_{mask}$/$DST_{prefix}$/$DST_{mask}$"

\textbf{Value:=}  "Action"|"SLoC list"

\section{Data Plane}
\label{sec:dataplane}

Ruta dataplane leverage the SRv6 programmable SRH concept, but move the SRH after the UDP header, this new encapsulation called SR over UDP(SRoU).It add explicit FlowID field for micro-segmentation. Source IP address and port are added for NAT-Traversal.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
\begin{bytefield}[bitwidth=0.5em]{32}
	\wordbox{1}{IP Header} \\
	\wordbox{1}{UDP Header} \\
	\wordbox{1}{SRoU Header} \\
	\wordbox{3}{Payload} \\
\end{bytefield}
	\caption{SRoU Encapsulation}
\label{Fig:srou_encap}
\end{figure}

\subsection{SRoU Header}

SRoU header defined as below:

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
\begin{bytefield}[bitwidth=0.8em]{32}
	\bitheader{0,7,8,15,16,23,24,31} \\
    \bitbox{8}{magic number} & \bitbox{8}{SRoU Length} & \bitbox{3}{RRR} \bitbox{2}{FT} \bitbox{1}{C}\bitbox{1}{F}\bitbox{1}{T} &\bitbox{8}{Protocol-ID}\\
	\wordbox[tlr]{1}{Flow identifiers} \\
	\wordbox[blr]{1}{\emph{ 32bits/64bits/96bits based on FlowID type(FT)}} \\
	 \bitbox{32}{Source Address} \\
	 \bitbox{16}{Source Port} & \bitbox{8}{SLoC Type} &\bitbox{8}{SR Hdr Len}\\
     \bitbox{8}{Last Entry} &\bitbox{8}{Segment Left} & \bitbox[tlr]{16}{}\\
     \wordbox[lr]{1}{ Segment List[0](length based on SLoC type)  }\\
	     \wordbox[tlr]{3}{$\cdots$  }\\
	\wordbox[tlr]{1}{Segment List[N]} \\
		\bitbox[blr]{16}{}
		& \bitbox[tlr]{16}{} \\
	\wordbox[lrb]{2}{\dots\emph{optional} TLV} \\
\end{bytefield}
	\caption{SRoU header}
\label{Fig:srou_hdr}
\end{figure}

\begin{itemize}

	\item\textbf{magic number:} 1Byte field with ALL ZERO. it used to distinguish packet in QUIC socket mode.
	\item\textbf{SRoU Length:} 1Byte, The total byte length of a SRoU header.
	\item\textbf{FT:} 2bits, defined flowid type, 0x0 = 32bits, 0x1 = 64bits, 0x2 = 96bits.
	\item\textbf{C:} C-bit, indicate the packet is encrypted .
	\item\textbf{F:} F-bit, indicate the packet encryption scope, 0x0 = SRoU header only , 0x1 = Full packet encryption.
	\item\textbf{T:} T-bit, indicate the packet need to send postcard telemetry to controller.
	\item\textbf{Protocol-ID:} 8bits, defined the inner packet protocol, 0x0 = SRoU OAM, 0x1 = IPv4, 0x2=IPv6
	\item\textbf{Source Address \& Port:} length based on Protocol-ID, OAM message does not contain this field.
	\item\textbf{SLoC Type:} 8bits field, 0x0 Reserved, 0x1 indicate the SLoC length is 48bits(IPv4+UDP port), 0x2 reserved for interworking with SRv6 with length equal 128bits, 0x3 used for Compressed Segment list.
	\item\textbf{SR Hdr Len:} R Header length, include the Header flags(4Bytes), Segment List and Optional TLV.
	\item\textbf{Last Entry:} contains the index(zero based), in the SLoC List, of the last element of the SLoC List.
	\item\textbf{Segments Left:}  8-bit unsigned integer.  Number of route segments	remaining, i.e., number of explicitly listed intermediate nodes still to be visited before reaching the final destination.
	\item\textbf{Segments List[0..n]:} SLoC store in each segment element.
	\item\textbf{Optional TLV:} 0x0 used for padding, 0x1 used for SR Integrity, 0x2 used for PathTelemetry.

\end{itemize}

\subsection{SRoU OAM}

SRoU OAM Message format defined as below:

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\begin{bytefield}[bitwidth=0.8em]{32}
		\bitheader{0,7,8,15,16,23,24,31} \\
		\bitbox{8}{magic number} & \bitbox{8}{SRoU Length} & \bitbox{3}{RRR} \bitbox{2}{FT} \bitbox{1}{C}\bitbox{1}{F}\bitbox{1}{T} &\bitbox{8}{0x0(OAM)}\\
		\wordbox[tlr]{1}{Flow identifiers} \\
		\wordbox[blr]{1}{\emph{ 32bits/64bits/96bits based on FlowID type(FT)}} \\
		\bitbox{8}{OAM Type} &\bitbox{8}{OAM Subtype} & \bitbox[tlr]{16}{}\\
		\wordbox[lbr]{2}{ OAM Payload(variable length)  }\\
	\end{bytefield}
	\caption{SRoU OAM header}
	\label{Fig:srou_oam_hdr}
\end{figure}

OAM type:=0x0 used for linkstate, subtype 0x0 used for Linkstate Request, subtype 0x1 used for Linkstate Response. the OAM Payload contains <seq(32bits)>, <timestamp(64bits)>,<received timestamp(64bits)>,<sender seq(32bits)> and <sender timestamp(64bits)>.

OAM type:=0x1 reserved for trace route, OAM type:=0x2 used for STUN service.

\subsection{Network programming}
Same as SRv6 Network Programming~\cite{srv6prog}, Ruta defined a virutal SLoC for network programming, IPv6 is same as RFC8986, Ruta under IPv4 based SLoC follows the following definition:

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\begin{bytefield}[bitwidth=0.5em]{48}
		\bitheader{0,8,32,47} \\
		\bitbox{8}{11111111} & \bitbox{24}{Args} & \bitbox{16}{Function}\\
	\end{bytefield}
	\caption{SLoC for network function}
	\label{Fig:srou_hdr}
\end{figure}

We implement End.DT2U and End.DT4 in our prototype to provide VPN services.
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}

Software Defined Network and Cloud VPC evolution create multiple overlay technologies in last decade, the different implementation separate network into multiple domains. Meanwhile applications require simplicity for end-to-end traffic engineering and security policy enforcement, the domain-specific SDN design cause many overheads on both control and data plane.

\noindent \textbf{Paper Organization:} We introduce the challenges of overlay technologies used today and the motivation for Ruta project in  Section~\ref{sec:introduction}. We present the control plane architecture in Section~\ref{sec:controlplane}, data plane architecture in Section~\ref{sec:dataplane} and prototype system implementation and demonstrate multi-cloud deployment in Section~\ref{sec:system}.We conclude in Section~\ref{sec:conclusion}.

\subsection{Overlay Technologies}

A packet from client to cloud require multiple times encap/decap and encryption/decryption which introduce significant latency and inter-working complexity on each boarder network devices .

A packet which send by a wireless client require \emph{location-agnostic}, vendors like Cisco~\cite{ciscodnac} or juniper~\cite{junipermist} implement overlay and group based policy for wireless converged campus network. Each vendor has private control-plane protocol(lisp~\cite{lisp}, BGP-EVPN) and data-plane( vxlan-gbp~\cite{vxlangbp} vxlan-gpe-gbp and lisp-gpe-gbp ~\cite{vxlan_gpe_gbp}). The campus network fabric policy design based on \emph{user-centric} approach, thus group based policy tag only contain user or group identity.

When the packet arrive campus boarder, SDWAN Router will decap the packet and enable \emph{deep-packet inspection(DPI)} for application aware routing or security policy enforcement, packet will be encap and encrypted in IPSec or DTLS with a transport VPN tag, then sent to remote on-prem datacenter or public cloud. In SDWAN domain policy design based on \emph{transport-centric} approach. Most of the SDWAN implementations are based on point-to-point tunnel,thus the multi-hop traffic engineering may require multiple times encryption and decryption with multiple times policy lookup. Some of the service provider use MPLS-VPN, MPLS-Segment Routing or SRv6 as overlay to handle the traffic, MPLS require dedicated underlay and SRv6 require IPv6 link, and the SRv6 forwarding mechanism does not change the source address which may cause problems when unicast reverse path forwarding(uRPF) enabled, so most of them can not directly transport over internet. Even with segment routing over IP (RFC8663) may support MPLS-SR over IPv4 UDP, but the forwarding mechanism does not support NAT-Traversal.

When packet arrive on-prem datacenter, the network policy design based on \emph{application-centric} approach, group based tag like Endpoint Group(EPG) in Cisco ACI architecture~\cite{ciscoaci} identify application sever groups. The boarder gateway have to update the source and lookup the destination group id and set related VNID and group ID.

It's more complex in public cloud, Virtual Private Cloud(VPC) are based on region and available zones, inter-VPC communication require complex routing and security group policy which requires VPC-Peering or Transit-VPC services. \emph{cloud-agnostic} require more generic overlay network support, but different cloud provider may have difference overlay terminology introduce significant workload for multi-cloud deployment.

\subsection{Design principal}

Inspired by cloud native approach, we design \textbf{Ruta} based on service-mesh architecture, we dis-aggregate routing service to distributed K-V control-plane and micro-service based data-plane to provide unified encapsulation to meet each network domain's requirement. It could significantly reduce the inter-working complexity and provide flexible programming interface for applications.

However, Design dis-aggregated routing platform is not simply leverage distributed software architecture to build controller and data-plane, but it require more carefully trade-off on architecture level,because the system failure may easily cause network partitioning and lose availability.
Based on CAP theorem ~\cite{cap}, some design principals are shown as below.

\emph{Consistency} is the must to have feature in traditional network,the destination-based forwarding requires all nodes have \emph{consistent} forwarding table, Inconsistent forwarding table scenario may well-known as "Micro Loop" or "Black hole".

Meanwhile, the traditional routing protocols are designed to serve destination based forwarding. No matter which routing protocol were used, it must implement a routing information database(RIB) and keep \emph{availability} for data-plane calculate the forwarding information database(RIB). Most of the routing protocols soften the partition tolerance as a trade-off, for instance OSPF-area or BGP-Autonomous System are designed to hide topology and isolate failure.

At the same time, keeping availability may loss \emph{partition tolerance}, many routing protocol need to deal with "brain-split" situation. Leader arbitration, split-horizon are designed to reduce the network partition impact, but it has side effect for the availability.

In the SDN Era, control-plane is centralized, many network devices need sequential consistency, and the DHCP like address assignment need strictly consistency. The controller implementation and placement under network partition becomes major challenge. For instance, recently facebook outage~\cite{fboutage} indicate the controller availability is the root cause.

In summary, the consistency requirement and destination based forwarding is a kind of trade-off few decades ago. In the old days, the forwarding ASICs or Network Processors may have limited forwarding capabilities and the network has limited bandwidth to carry more information for source routing.

Can we soften the \emph{consistency} requirement by introducing the source-routing or segment-routing(SR) and decouple the devices configuration ?

Can we soften the \emph{availability} requirement by using distributed path-compute on each forwarding adjacency when running into the headless mode?

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{images/01_ruta_architecture.pdf}
	\caption{Ruta: Dis-aggregated routing architecture}
	\label{Fig:ruta_archi}
\end{figure}

These are the design principals for \textbf{Ruta} system, we implement an \emph{eventually consistency} model to decouple the prefix announcement and path-computation process by using a location descriptor, then we leverage local cache mechanism for distributed path-computation during control-plane offline. We select ETCD as our control-plane and simplify all routing updates and decouple the policy related configurations in K-V pairs.

Ruta separate the consistency requirement by using distributed path-calculation and segment routing to decouple overlay route information and linkstate, linecard could use partially linkstate db for path calculation without global consistency requirement, In some large scale deployment, users could deploy multiple redis based service node for regional linkstate database and provide cache service for linecards.

Segment Routing(SR) with loop-free alternative provide better resilience under network partition, however it only support IPv6 or MPLS, even RFC8663 may support MPLS based SR over UDP, but it lack of programmability and NAT-traversal support. Meanwhile,as a cloud-native routing system, we need to use a pure user-space dataplane to bypass kernel overhead and simplify the programmability for application developers. SRv6 may require kernel support to add IPv6 Option header which is not friendly for application developers.

We develop a new data-plane protocol by using segment routing over UDP(SRoU). SRoU header can be integrated with QUIC to provide secure and reliable transport services. Many public cloud and many internet service still using IPv4 and deal with the SRv6 uRPF issue, we encode the original source address in SRoU, then we develop STUN services to resolve IPv4 NAT-Traversal problem.

\section{System Implementation}
\label{sec:system}

We implement Ruta prototype in native golang with nearly 9000 loc, cross compile could support multiple platform(x86/arm based linux, mips and arm based OpenWRT).
We also patch some codes to quic-go to support QUIC transport protocol over Ruta.

\subsection{Datacenter Spine-leaf deployment}

We deploy ruta with 2 linecard nodes as leaf ToR switch and 2 fabric nodes as spine, topology shown as below,demo code available in~\cite{ruta_demo}.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/02_ruta_spine_leaf.pdf}
	\caption{Spine Leaf deployment}
	\label{Fig:ruta_spine_leaf}
\end{figure}

ETCD cluster could be deployed in multiple region to provide better resilience, each ruta node could be run as etcd proxy mode to help other nodes use in-band communication to register to ETCD cluster.For instance Spine\_Fabric node could be etcd proxy for Linecard node in this deployment scenario.

Linecard may have multiple uplinks, it could be represented and encoded in different colors and UDP ports in SLoC. The following chart shows the information retrieve from ETCD. Linecard will learn the MAC and IP address information from host and announce EVPN-Type2 route in ETCD, type-5 route were learned by local configuration or route redistribution  by other protocols.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.21]{images/spine_leaf_routing_table.png}
	\caption{routing table dump from ETCD cluster}
	\label{Fig:ruta_spine_leaf1}
\end{figure}

FlexAlgo could be added in each linecard. In general case, H1->H2 communication could be encoded by Linecard1 with only one SLoC in SRoU Segment list, the interim Fabric just involved as basic IP forwarding function.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\begin{bytefield}[bitwidth=0.6em]{40}
		\wordbox[tlr]{1}{IP HDR } \\
		\wordbox[lr]{1}{ Src: 192.168.99.77(LC\_A) Dst: 192.168.99.78(LC\_B)} \\
		\wordbox{1}{UDP Src: 5547 Dst: 5546} \\
		\wordbox[lr]{1}{SRoU Hdr SL=1} \\
		\wordbox[lrb]{1}{255.<vnid:1234>.End.DT2U} \\
		\wordbox[lr]{1}{Overlay Payload} \\
		\wordbox[lbr]{2}{src:10.0.0.88, dst:10.0.0.99} \\
	\end{bytefield}
	\caption{SRoU Overlay Encapsulation}
	\label{Fig:spine_leaf_encap}
\end{figure}

The total SRoU header length is 24Bytes which is equal to SRv6 SRH, but it has IPv4 underlay which is more efficient than SRv6. Compare with VXLAN, the SRoU flowID header could be used as application aware tag or group based policy header, it could easily support traffic-engineering, however VXLAN need to use multiple NSH header instead. For instance, when network congestion, the Linecard could add more SLoC in segment list for traffic engineering. Spine-A will invoke the SRoU stack to relay packet to Linecard\_B.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\begin{bytefield}[bitwidth=0.6em]{40}
		\wordbox[tlr]{1}{IP HDR } \\
		\wordbox[lr]{1}{ Src: 192.168.99.77(LC\_A) Dst: 192.168.99.75(Spine-A)} \\
		\wordbox{1}{UDP Src: 5547 Dst: 17777} \\
		\wordbox[lr]{1}{SRoU Hdr SL=2} \\
		\wordbox[lr]{1}{255.<vnid:1234>.End.DT2U} \\
		\wordbox[lrb]{1}{192.168.99.78:5546(LC\_B SLoC)} \\
		\wordbox[lr]{1}{Overlay Payload} \\
		\wordbox[lbr]{2}{src:10.0.0.88, dst:10.0.0.99} \\
	\end{bytefield}
	\caption{SRoU Traffic-Engineering Encapsulation}
	\label{Fig:spine_leaf_te}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Multi-cloud deployment}

Real time collaboration(RTC) like Cisco Webex, Zoom and Microsoft Teams are widely used during COVID-19, but the internet directly connection performance does not meet the application's requirement. Internet routing is based on BGP AS-PATH, congestion always observed between AS, can we build a pinhole between service providers without change any BGP routes? A multihoming ruta fabric node with SRoU encapsulation could easily implement packet relay between SP, meanwhile public cloud service providers always multi-homing with other traditional service providers and internet exchanges, deploy virtual machine on public cloud as Ruta fabric node could significantly improve RTC performance.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.18]{images/multi_cloud.png}
	\caption{Multi cloud optimization}
	\label{Fig:multi_cloud}
\end{figure}

We need to emphasize multi-cloud deployment is useful,for instance, from Alicloud Frankfurt region to Alicloud Chengdu region, the directly internet connections over elastic IP over internet has 385 milliseconds latency, however if we relay it at Tencent Cloud guangzhou region will lower down the latency to 240 milliseconds.

Finally, we deploy 20 fabric nodes over multiple public cloud providers (Alicloud and Tencent) over the world, the result shows ruta could significantly reduce the latency and packet drop, It could provide \emph{nearly zero loss and almost less than 200ms latency to access anywhere in the world over internet} with maximum 4 segments, full result available in ~\cite{multi_cloud}.

\subsection{Native Socket}

QUIC is a reliable and secured transport protocol in user-space, we implement SRoU function with quic-go to enhance the network programmability to provide traffic-engineering and multi-path forwarding capabilities over internet and directly traversal VPC.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/03_native_socket.pdf}
	\caption{native socket lib}
	\label{Fig:native_socket}
\end{figure}

In native socket mode, server may register to Ruta ETCD to provide application awareness,especially in K8s deployment case, Ruta ETCD could directly sync the server's identity with K8s ETCD. Client does not required to register to ETCD, a simple DNS SRV record could be used to announce the edge\_fabric and transit\_fabric.

The client select edge fabric 1 could send the packet in the following format, consider the network security issue, Edge fabric1 could allocation some time based token for client, this token could be store in flowid field.

\begin{table}[h!]
	\small
	\begin{tabular}{m{2.6cm}m{4.4cm}}
		\toprule
		\textbf{Field} & \textbf{Value}\\
		\hline
		IP Header & src: client\_ip dst: edge\_fabric1's ip  \\
		\hline
		SRoU Header &  \\
		magic number &  0 \\
		flowid & 32bits service token assigned by edge\_fabric1 \\
		source address & 0.0.0.0 \\
		source port & 0 \\
		segment list[0] & final server ip and port \\
		segment list[1] & transit fabric node \\
		\hline
		Inner Payload &  QUIC packet\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
	\caption{Service Locator(SLoC) Field}
	\label{tbl:SLoc_field}
\end{table}

client may not require to connect to STUN server for public address discovery, it simply fill ZERO in the SRoU source address and port field. The first hop fabric node will help copy the underlay source address inside the SRoU header for NAT-Traversal. when the server receive  the packet and find the UDP first 8 bits is ALLZERO, it will copy the internal SRoU header source address and port to Outer IP header and trim the SRoU to deliver the packet to application.

\subsection{Transparency VPC}
The native socket mode is not only support QUIC packets, but also support TCP and other UDP encapsulations.

Existing VPC design requires cloud service provider manage the overlay routing table which makes some scale challenges for network devices ~\cite{sail_fish}. Many hybrid cloud solution require SDWAN or IPSec VPN as Gateway to bring traffic into the VPC, however it's very hard to inter working with overlay VPC routing table with existing private network, meanwhile each cloud provider has private micro-segmentation polices design, that may introduce significant efforts for interworking.

Ruta provide a cloud-native based approach to resolve the challenges, by enable Ruta linecard at each VPC and provide Segment Routing capability on overlay makes the VPC more transparency and the cloud provider could significantly reduce the overlay routing control and offload service gateway to each host or dedicated DPU.

This dis-aggregation routing system could benefit edge cloud  and hybrid cloud deployment in the future.

\subsection{Large-scale deployment}
Some massive scale cloud service provider could use Ruta as distributed SDN solution. An Ruta system(with multiple LC and Fabric) could be treated as an single Linecard with multiple SLoC to join another Ruta system. Or multiple Ruta System could leverage on BGP-EVPN to share routing information as same as Inter-AS Option C MPLS VPN.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Scheme Analysis
Franchise Analysis
Doug Martin easily wins running back competition over Legarrette Blount
By Sander Philipse Aug 26, 2012, 11:32am EDT
Share All sharing options for: Doug Martin easily wins running back competition over Legarrette Blount
August 24, 2012; Tampa, FL, USA; Tampa Bay Buccaneers running back Doug Martin (22) runs with the ball during the second quarter against the New England Patriots at Raymond James Stadium. Mandatory Credit: Kim Klement-US PRESSWIRE
The competition between Legarrette Blount and Doug Martin for the starting running back job wasn't over before it had begun, but it certainly appears to be over now. In the ever important third preseason game Doug Martin got 13 carries for 53 yards, and managed to catch another 3 passes for 12 yards. Legarrette Blount, meanwhile, got just 7 carries, managed just 22 yards on those carries and was given no opportunity to produce in the passing game with 0 targets.
Perhaps most telling wasn't just the distribution of carries, but the distribution of playing time. Martin got all of the snaps on passing downs and almost all of the starting reps. In fact, Blount got just one series with the starting offense, while Martin took all the snaps on six drives with the starting offense. Blount had three drives in the entire game, two of them with the second-team offense, and he was outplayed by Michael Smith even with that offense. Blount looked good in his first preseason game, but has looked terrible in the two games since then: indecisive and running without power, Blount is still the inconsistent player he has been throughout his career.
Greg Schiano himself appears to have no doubts about the situation, either. His comments, via Pewter Report:
"That's why he moved in and started the game, because he had shown me that much. And I don't think he did anything last night that would say, oh, that wasn't a good move. I though he ran the ball well and did some things well. Right now he just has to continue on that course, he's learning every day and he's a very open-minded guy. He wants to learn."
Doug Martin is the starting running back of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and will most likely take the majority of the snaps throughout the regular season. Blount hasn't shown the Bucs he deserves to take a large portion of the carries, and has at times actually been outplayed by rookie Michael Smith. I don't know what the distribution of carries will look like, but it doesn't look good for Blount.


text:
Q: What types of sites can be hosted on Linux Hosting servers? I would like to know whether I can host ASP.NET site on a Linux Hosting server?
Or is it that only PHP and HTML sites can be hosted on such a server?
I am ignorant.
Please guide me.

A: Yes. You can run Mono on an Apache server.
www.mono-project.com/ASP.NET

A: Any type of site could theoretically be hosted on a server. It just depends on what software is installed on that server, that supports Linux.

A: If you need to host ASP.NET, I would recommend you to find Windows hosting provider. Please check hostforlife.eu, they support ASP.NET, PHP and also HTML. I find it from Microsoft site. Good luck

A: you can host ASP.net on Apache server.
If you are hosting the ASP.NET site in the windows(IIS) server all the version will be supported and there will be many applications that can be supported. But in linux server there will be only specific versions and there are less applications.