Correspondence: Zubair Ahmed, Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration Section, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Institute of Biomedical Research (West), Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; z.ahmed.1@bham.ac.uk.
Vasanthy Vigneswara, Martin Berry, Ann Logan, Zubair Ahmed; Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Is Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotective and Axogenic After Optic Nerve Crush Injury. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013;54(4):2624-2633. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-11803.
Purpose.: To investigate neuroprotective and axogenic properties of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in vitro and in vivo.
Methods.: Adult rat retinal cultures were treated with combinations of PBS and PEDF with or without a cell permeable analogue of cAMP, and RGC survival and neurite lengths quantified. The optic nerves of anesthetised rats were also crushed intraorbitally to transect all RGC axons followed by intravitreal injections of either PBS, PEDF, or cAMP+PEDF every 7 days. RGC were back filled with FluoroGold to quantify RGC survival and longitudinal optic nerve sections were stained with GAP43 antibodies to detect regenerating RGC axons.
Results.: An optimal dose of 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL, promoted 65% more RGC survival than controls in vitro, increasing by 4.4- and 5-fold the number of RGC with neurites and the mean neurite length, respectively. Addition of cAMP with or without PEDF did not potentiate RGC survival or the mean number of RGC with neurites, but enhanced RGC neurite length by 1.4-fold, compared with PEDF alone. After optic nerve crush (ONC), PEDF protected RGC from apoptosis and increased the numbers of regenerating RGC axons in the optic nerve by 4.6- and 3.4-fold, respectively when compared with controls. cAMP did not enhance PEDF-induced RGC neuroprotection, but potentiated its neuroregenerative effects by 2- to 3-fold, increasing the number of RGC axons regenerating at 500 and 1000 μm from the lesions site.
Conclusions.: This study is the first to demonstrate that PEDF enhances both RGC survival and axon regeneration in vitro and in vivo.
In this present study, we evaluated, in vitro and in vivo, the RGC neuroprotective and axogenic properties of PEDF and compared the results with the effects of CNTF, a neurotrophic factor with well documented RGC survival and neurite/axon growth promoting properties. 42–46 We also studied the effects of combining PEDF with cAMP (which raises the intrinsic ability of RGC to grow their neurites and axons), 47–50 predicting that PEDF-induced RGC axon regeneration would be enhanced by cAMP. We confirm that PEDF is RGC neuroprotective after axotomy and also promotes RGC neuritogenesis/axon regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. cAMP+PEDF did not enhance PEDF-induced RGC neuroprotection, but did enhance RGC axon regeneration when compared with PEDF treatment alone. Our results imply that PEDF, with or without cAMP, is a promising novel neuroprotective/axogenic therapy applicable to a wide range of ocular disorders.
For all in vitro experiments, 12 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and experimental conditions included retinal cells treated with: (1) Neurobasal-A (NBA) medium alone (Control), (2) 1 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF (Peprotech, London, UK), (3) 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF, (4) 5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF, (5) 1 × 10−4 μg/μL PEDF, (6) 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF+Chlorophenylthio adenosine cyclic monophosphate (CPT-cAMP [referred to as cAMP from here on]; Sigma, Poole, UK), and (7) 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL CNTF (our 'gold standard' RGC neuroprotective/axogenic factor; Peprotech). 2,49 All experiments were performed in triplicate and on three independent occasions.
Fixed cells were washed in three changes of PBS before permeabilisation and blocking in PBS containing 3% BSA and 0.1% Triton X-100. Cells were then washed three times in PBS, incubated with monoclonal anti-βIII tubulin (1:200 dilution; Sigma) to localise RGC and their neurites for 1 hour at room temperature, washed three times in PBS, incubated with Alexa 488 anti-Mouse Immunoglobulin G (IgG; 1:400 dilution; Invitrogen) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed three times in PBS and mounted using Vectamount containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Peterborough, UK). Cells were viewed under an epi-fluorescent microscope (Zeiss Axioplan 2; Zeiss, Hertfordshire, UK). Immunocytochemistry controls, with primary antibody omitted, did not stain, and were used to set the background threshold levels of nonspecific staining (not shown), prior to image capture.
The mean number of surviving βIII-tubulin+ RGC, RGC with neuritis, and the mean RGC neurite length were quantified as described by us previously. 49,51,52 Briefly, each chamber slide was anonymised and partitioned into nine quadrants and images of RGC and their neurites captured randomly from each quadrant. Axiovision image analysis software (Axiovision, version 4.8; Zeiss) was used to measure neurite lengths and ImagePro (Version 6.3; Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD) was used to quantify the number of βIII-tubulin+ RGC with neurites and the total number of DAPI+ cells. Neurite outgrowth of at least 180 RGC was measured from nine different wells/treatment, except for control (NBA) cultures, in which a total of 108 RGC were measured (i.e., all RGC that grew neurites).
For the in vivo experiments, a total of 102 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. In the preliminary PEDF neuroprotection dose-finding experiments, groups comprised six rats/treatment (i.e., 12 eyes/treatment): (1) Intact, (2) ONC+vehicle (PBS; 0 μg/μL PEDF), (3) 0.2 μg/μL PEDF, (4) 0.5 μg/μL PEDF, (5) 1 μg/μL PEDF, (6) 1.5 μg/μL PEDF, and (7) 2 μg/μL of PEDF dissolved in 5 μL of sterile saline. In further experiments, six rats/treatment (i.e., 12 eyes/treatment) were used for the FluroGold (FG) backfilling of RGC experiments, while a separate six rats/treatment (i.e., 12 eyes and ON/treatment) were used for growth associated protein-43 (GAP43) immunostaining in the ON and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)/PEDF immunostaining in the retina. In these experiments, treatment groups comprised: (1) Intact, (2) ONC+PBS, (3) ONC+cAMP, (4) ONC+PEDF, and (5) ONC+cAMP+PEDF.
PEDF (Peprotech) was dissolved in sterile PBS and injected intravitreally in a final volume of 5 μl. In a preliminary experiment, the eyes of animals (n = 6 rats/treatment; 12 eyes/treatment) were bilaterally injected intravitreally with either PBS, or 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2 μg/μL PEDF dissolved in 5 μL of sterile saline immediately after ONC (0 days) and intravitreal injections were repeated at 7 and 14 days after ONC with the same dose of PEDF. PEDF was injected every 7 days based on our previous experiments showing that a single intravitreal injection of BDNF at 0 days sustained near 100% RGC survival for 7 days after ONC. 53 Animals were allowed to survive for 21 days and killed by raising the levels of CO2. Retinae were whole mounted for immunohistochemistry as described in the relevant sections below. None of the animals developed cataracts, confirming that the lens had not been injured either during surgery or after repeated intravitreal injections. These experiments established that 5 μL of 1 μg/μL PEDF was the optimal dose for significant RGC neuroprotection.
The definitive experiments comprised rats treated with 5 μL intravitreal injections of PBS (vehicle control), 0.25 μg/μL cAMP, 58 1 μg/μL PEDF, and 0.25 μg/μL cAMP+1 μg/μL PEDF groups (n = 6 rats/treatment [i.e., 12 eyes/ON/group]) immediately after ONC at day 0 and repeated at day 7 and 14 with the same doses of PEDF/PBS control.
Animals were killed with an overdose of CO2 and perfused intracardially with 4% formaldehyde, eyes and ON were immersion-fixed in 4% formaldehyde (TAAB Laboratories) for 2 hours, washed for 10 minutes in PBS, immersed in 10% and 20% sucrose (Sigma), each for 1 hour, and finally immersed in 30% sucrose overnight. Cryoprotected eyes and ON were embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound (Raymond A Lamb Ltd., Eastbourne, UK) and stored at −80°C until required. Subsequently, 15-μm thick sections of eyes in the plane through the optic disc and longitudinal sections of ON were cut on a cryostat (Bright Instruments, Huntingdon, UK), adhered onto glass slides, and stored at −20°C until required.
Immunohistochemistry was performed as described by us previously. 52,53 Briefly, sections were washed in PBS and nonspecific binding blocked in 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS, containing 0.1% Triton X-100 for 20 minutes before incubation with primary antibodies diluted in PBS containing 3% BSA and 0.05% Tween 20, overnight at 4°C (16–18 hours). A polyclonal goat antihuman PEDF antibody (R&D Systems, Oxford, UK), monoclonal mouse anti-GFAP and monoclonal mouse anti–βIII-tubulin (both from Sigma) were all used at 1:500 dilution in the retina to stain for PEDF, glia, and RGC, respectively. Regenerating axons were stained with a monoclonal anti-GAP43 antibody (Invitrogen) at 1:500 dilution. Immunohistochemistry controls included sections treated as above except that primary antibodies were omitted, which showed an absence of positive staining (not shown). Sections were then washed three times in PBS, incubated with appropriate Alexa Fluor 488 or Texas Red-labelled secondary antibodies (1:400 dilution; Invitrogen) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed, and mounted using Vectashield mounting medium containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories), examined under an Axioplan-2 epi-fluorescent microscope, and photomicrographs captured using Axiovision Software (all from Zeiss). Negative control sections were used to set the background threshold levels of nonspecific staining, prior to image capture.
Unless otherwise stated, 6 rats (i.e., 12 eyes/ON) were used for each in vivo experiment. For in vitro experiments, each condition was tested in triplicate and repeated on three independent occasions. For all experiments, sample means and SEM were calculated and tested for significance by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test to compare differences using GraphPad Prism software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA).
PEDF Promoted RGC Survival and Neurite Outgrowth In Vitro After 4 Days in Culture.
At doses of 1 × 10−5 μg/μL and 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL, PEDF increased RGC survival from 210 ± 27 cells in controls to 455 ± 34 cells and 640 ± 33 cells, respectively (P < 0.0001; Fig. 1A). A dose of 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF was optimal for RGC survival in vitro since increasing concentrations did not improve RGC survival (Fig. 1). Comparing the effects of 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF with a similar dose of CNTF, the former promoted higher (640 ± 33 cells) RGC survival than the latter (450 ± 33 cells; P < 0.001), that is increased RGC survival with 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF and CNTF was 65% and 30%, respectively, compared with controls. The dose of 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL CNTF induced a similar level of RGC protection as that observed with the lowest concentration of PEDF used in our study (Fig. 1A). Combining cAMP with 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF did not increase RGC survival beyond that observed with PEDF alone (Fig. 1A).
RGC survival and neurite outgrowth after addition of PEDF with or without cAMP in vitro. (A) RGC survival with increasing concentrations of PEDF and CNTF. (B) The number of RGC with neurites, (C) the mean neurite length, and (D) representative images of βIII-tubulin+ RGC to demonstrate neurite outgrowth. NS, not significant; scale bar: 50 μm (D).
Compared with control cultures, treatment of retinal cell cultures with 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF, increased the number of RGC with neurites from 12 ± 3 cells to 55 ± 5 cells and the mean neurite length from 34 ± 3 μm to 200 ± 20 μm (Figs. 1C, 1D; P < 0.001). The optimal concentration of 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL PEDF was also more RGC neuritogenic than an equivalent concentration of CNTF, which showed that the mean number of RGC with neurites was 23 ± 3 cells (Fig. 1B) with a mean neurite length of 100 ± 12 μm (Figs. 1C, 1D; P < 0.001). Treatment with cAMP+PEDF had no effect on the number of RGC with neurites (Fig. 1B), but did increase mean neurite length to 280 ± 22 μm (Figs. 1C, 1D) compared with PEDF alone. In summary, 2.5 × 10−5 μg/μL of PEDF was a more potent promoter of RGC survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro compared with the equivalent concentrations of CNTF. Furthermore, cAMP+PEDF neither enhanced RGC survival nor the mean number of RGC with neuritis, but did increase mean RGC neurite length.
Determination of Optimal RGC Neuroprotective Dose of PEDF 21 Days After ONC.
After intravitreal injection of 5 μL PBS, 292 ± 12 FG+ RGC/mm2 survived 21 days after ONC. Doses of 0.2, 0.5, and 1 μg/μL PEDF caused a dose-dependent increase in the number of FG+ RGC, achieving maximal survival of 1345 ± 63 RGC/mm2 using 1 μg/μL PEDF (Figs. 2A, 2B; P < 0.0001). RGC survival was not improved by increasing the dose of PEDF to 1.5 and 2 μg/μL (Figs. 2A, 2B). These results show that the optimal dose of 1 μg/μL PEDF promoted 55% RGC survival compared with intact controls.
PEDF-mediated RGC neuroprotection is dose-dependent in vivo. (A) Representative images show FG-labelled RGC after intravitreal injection of 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 μg/μL of PEDF at 21 days after ONC. (B) The number of FG+ RGC at the different doses of PEDF and in intact controls. Scale bar: 50 μm (A).
Intravitreal Injection of 1 μg/μL of PEDF Combined With 0.25 μg/μL cAMP Did Not Improve RGC Survival Over PEDF Alone 21 Days After ONC.
In PBS vehicle- and cAMP-treated (0.25 μg/μL) animals, 353 ± 38 (14% of intact) and 360 ± 55 (14% of intact) FG+ RGC/mm2, respectively, remained at 21 days after ONC (Figs. 3A, 3B). After 1 μg/μL PEDF and cAMP+PEDF treatment, 55% of intact FG+ RGC/mm2 (1350 ± 48 and 1348 ± 32 RGC/mm2, respectively) survived ONC at 21 days (Figs. 3A, 3B). Thus, the combination of cAMP+PEDF did not improve RGC survival beyond that afforded by PEDF alone (i.e., 55% RGC neuroprotection compared with intact controls).
Combining the optimal dose of PEDF with cAMP enhances RGC protection after ONC. (A) Representative images of FG+ RGC in PBS-, cAMP-, PEDF-, and cAMP+PEDF-treated retinae. (B) The number of FG+ RGC/mm2 in the treatment control groups. NS, not significant; scale bar: 50 μm (A).
PEDF Promoted RGC Axon Regeneration.
After ONC, small numbers of RGC axons remained in the proximal ON stump and few regenerated across the lesion site into the distal ON after both intravitreal injection of PBS (not shown) and cAMP (maximum of 145 ± 54 axons 500 μm distal to the lesion site) (Figs. 4A, 4E). By contrast after injecting 1 μg/μL PEDF intravitreally, many GAP43+ axons had regenerated 500 μm into the distal ON (P < 0.0001) and some had extended 1500 μm from the lesion site (Figs. 4B, 4E). After cAMP+PEDF treatment (0.25 μg/μL cAMP+1 μg/μL PEDF), the numbers of GAP43+ axons in the proximal ON stump was similar to those observed in the PEDF-treated animals, although 840 ± 32, 1283 ± 33, and 415 ± 33 axons had regenerated into the distal ON over distances of 500, 1000, and 1500 μm, respectively (Figs. 4C, 4D [high power of boxed region in (C)], 4E), with a few extending to 1500 and 2500 μm (Figs. 4C, 4E). These results demonstrate that PEDF promoted RGC axon regeneration; a response that was potentiated by the addition of cAMP.
PEDF promotes RGC axon regeneration at 21 days after ONC. Representative GAP43+ immunohistochemistry after (A) cAMP-, (B) PEDF-, and (C) cAMP+PEDF-treatment (red arrow demarcates lesion site; scale bar: 200 μm). (D) High power image of boxed region in (C). (E) The mean number of axons present at different distances from the lesion center.
Glial and RGC Expression of PEDF in the Retina.
In the nerve fibre layer of intact retinae, astrocytes were faintly GFAP+ and there was little or no PEDF immunoreactivity (Figs. 5A–C, inset Fig. 5B). After ONC and intravitreal injection of PBS, GFAP+ astrocytes became activated in the nerve fibre layer and GFAP+ Müller cell processes traversed the inner plexiform layer. PEDF staining was increased in astrocytes, compared with intact controls (Figs. 5D–F, inset Fig. 5E). GFAP immunoreactivity was increased in the nerve fibre layer and in Müller cell processes after ONC+cAMP treatment and strong PEDF immunoreactivity that colocalized to GFAP+ astrocyte and Müller cells (Figs. 5G–I). In ONC+PEDF (Figs. 5J–L) and ONC+cAMP+PEDF (Figs. 5M–O) groups, PEDF immunostaining was substantially enhanced in the nerve fibre layer and the inner and outer plexiform layers and colocalized in GFAP+ astrocytes, Müller cell end feet, and radial processes that spanned the entire retina.
PEDF localises to GFAP+ astrocytes and Müller cells. Double immunohistochemistry for GFAP (green) and PEDF (red) and merged images with DAPI counterstain to show GFAP immunolocalisation in cells of the retina in (A–C) intact controls and after (D–F) ONC, (G–I) ONC+cAMP, (J–L) ONC+PEDF, and (M–O) ONC+cAMP+PEDF. Insets show high power images of areas pointed to by arrowheads in the low power images, demonstrating PEDF localisation to RGC (arrowheads). Scale bar: 50 μm; inset scale bars: 20 μm.
In intact and ONC+PBS groups, no immunoreactivity for PEDF was observed in βIII-tubulin+ RGC (Figs. 5C, inset; 5F). However after intravitreal injection of CPT-cAMP, occasional βIII-tubulin+ RGC expressed PEDF (Fig. 5I, inset) and PEDF (Figs. 5L, inset; 5O, inset). These results show that PEDF is expressed in GFAP+ astrocytes/Müller cells and occasional RGC after PEDF injection with and without co-incident elevation of cAMP levels in the injured eye.
RGC neuritogenesis/axogenesis were stimulated by PEDF and, after combined cAMP+PEDF treatments, neurites/axons grew for greater distances than after PEDF alone. CNTF+cAMP also promotes longer RGC neurite outgrowth than CNTF alone. 68 Thus, although CNTF and PEDF act singly as initiators and elongators of neurite outgrowth, 75,76 their effects become synergistic when each factor is administered in combination with cAMP. Both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms regulate axon sprouting and elongation and are often signalled by the same molecules. Most NTF activate ras-raf-MAP kinase (MAPK) and PI3-kinase-Akt (PI3K) signalling pathways that contribute to axon outgrowth, including CNTF and PEDF. 77 When apoptosis is inhibited in neurons by Bax knockout or over expression of Bcl-2, inhibition of either MAPK or PI3K partially reduces axon outgrowth while, inhibiting both together, completely suppresses elongation. 78 Others have reported that stimulating either PI3K or Akt increased axon thickness and branching, although blocking raf, PI3K or Akt retards elongation. 79 Thus, like other NTF, PEDF is likely to activate the above pathways and stimulate the initiation of axon sprouting and sustain elongation, although it is unclear if axogenesis is promoted by the direct effects of PEDF on neurons or indirectly through glia.
It is widely accepted that different signalling pathways subserve neuron survival and axogenesis since both responses can be separated. For example, NGF administered to either the cell body or axon in separate Campenot chamber compartments of cultured sympathetic neurons supports survival and axon growth, but only the latter when applied to somata. 80 Similarly, application of NTF to RGC somata in vivo promotes both RGC survival and axon regeneration 51,54,55,57 and both intravitreal and intra-ON inflammation are RGC neuroprotective, but only the former promotes axon regeneration, 52 suggesting that a key RGC axon regeneration stimulatory factor is absent from the transected ON and exclusively secreted by retinal cells.
Other commonly used RGC neuroprotective factors include BDNF, GDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5, TrkB gene transfer, as well as caspase inhibitors. 45,53,59,75–80,83–86 Although we showed that BDNF administration in our ONC model supported nearly 100% survival of RGC at 7 days, 53 long-term studies with BDNF peptide or gene transfer showed that BDNF supported approximately 60% of RGC survival at 2 weeks after ON transection. 77,78 Most neuroprotective strategies including other NTF and caspase inhibitors commonly support 60% of RGC survival at 2 weeks. 45,76,83,84 However, combinations of neurotrophic agents such as GDNF+BDNF and BDNF+TrkB support nearly 80% RGC from death at 2 weeks after ON transection suggesting that combinations of neurotrophic factors may support synergistic RGC protection. 77 Despite this optimism, very few of these strategies promote RGC axon regeneration. Therefore, the reported effects of PEDF in this current study on RGC protection and axon regeneration demonstrate the potential of PEDF in future therapeutics in disease of the eye and injuries that affect RGC death and axon integrity.
In conclusion, we confirm previous reports that PEDF promoted RGC survival in vitro and in vivo but demonstrate for the first time that PEDF also promotes RGC neurite outgrowth/axon regeneration. In addition, combining PEDF with cAMP enhanced RGC axon regeneration but did not promote RGC survival. The neuroprotective properties of PEDF were also more potent than those of CNTF both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that PEDF is a potential RGC neuroprotective and axogenic therapeutic for optic neuropathies and diseases such as glaucoma in which RGC death occurs.
Supported by Wellcome Trust Grant 092539/Z/10/Z (ZA).
Feng CC Wang PH Ding Q Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha is correlated in bladder tumor and is related to tumor angiogenesis. Urol Oncol . 2013; 31: 241–246.
Rubinfeld H Seger R. The ERK cascade: a prototype of MAPK signaling. Mol Biol . 2005; 31: 151–174.


Toronto Argonauts quarterback McLeod Bethel-Thompson throws before a game against the BC Lions, in Toronto, on Aug. 18, 2018.
It's crunch time for McLeod Bethel-Thompson and the Toronto Argonauts.
Bethel-Thompson leads Toronto (3-5) into Hamilton (4-5) on Monday night to open an important home-and-home Labour Day series between the long-time rivals. The Argos will host the Tiger-Cats at BMO Field on Sept. 8.
The Argos are third in the East Division. A sweep would not only move them into second but would also clinch the season series with the Ticats in the event of a season-ending tie.
A split would leave Toronto behind Hamilton in the East with the teams scheduled to meet a third time Oct. 13 at BMO Field. But the Ticats can effectively take control of second spot with a sweep while still having two games remaining against the first-place Ottawa Redblacks (6-3).
Toronto hasn't enjoyed much Labour Day success in Steeltown. Hamilton leads the series 33-13-1 and is 4-0 at Tim Hortons Field.
The Argos' last Labour Day win in Hamilton was a 33-30 decision Sept. 3, 2012 at Ivor Wynne Stadium.
East Division teams will likely have to finish 1-2 in order to secure a playoff berth. Toronto is currently two games behind both the Saskatchewan Roughriders (5-4) and Winnipeg Blue Bombers (5-5), which are tied for third in the West Division.
If at season's end the fourth-place team in the West has more points than the No. 3 team in the East, the Western squad will assume the Eastern conference's third and final playoff seed.
Bethel-Thompson rallied Toronto to one-point wins in his first two CFL starts. The Argos narrowly missed forcing overtime against Montreal as Zackary Medeiros's 54-yard field goal attempt on the final play of regulation hit the upright.
Bethel-Thompson finished 26-of-37 passing for 296 yards and a TD. Armanti Edwards was Toronto's receiving leader with four catches for 114 yards and a touchdown.
Toronto signed free-agent receiver Duron Carter this week but he won't play in either game against Hamilton.
And that's unfortunate for a Toronto offence that rolled up 354 total yards against Montreal, the first time in five games the Alouettes' defence hadn't allowed more than 500 yards.
Hamilton, meanwhile, rallied from a 24-10 deficit to beat Edmonton 25-24 at home Thursday night. Quarterback Jeremiah Masoli orchestrated the comeback with a season-high 419 yards passing, his 51-yard TD strike to Luke Tasker pulling the Ticats to within 24-22 with 2 minutes 37 seconds remaining to play.
Hamilton took over at its 38-yard line with 1:32 remaining and Masoli moved the Ticats to the Edmonton 21. That set up Lirim Hajrullahu's game-winning 29-yard field goal as time expired.
Masoli is second among CFL passers with 2,884 yards and sports a 65.7-per-cent completion average. He has thrown more interceptions (10) than touchdowns (nine) but has registered seven 300-yard passing games this season.
The Ticats are ranked second over all in passing (326.2 yards a game) and third in rushing (112.8 yards). Toronto counters with a defence that's No. 8 against the pass (299 a game) and seventh stopping the run (111.9 yards).
On positive note for Toronto, linebacker Bear Woods had a game-high nine tackles against Montreal in his season debut despite playing with a hand injury.
At Ottawa, Antonio Pipkin will likely make a third straight start for Montreal (2-8) after passing for 303 yards and scoring two rushing TDs against Toronto. The Redblacks come off the bye having won two straight, and quarterback Trevor Harris has thrown for more than 300 yards in his past three starts. Over that span, Harris has completed 100 of 128 passes (78.1 per cent) and threw for 342 yards in a 28-18 win over the Als in July.
At Regina, the Riders (5-4) chase a third straight victory having won 12 of their past 13 Labour Day home games against Winnipeg (5-5). Saskatchewan's defence was stellar in last week's 24-21 win over B.C., allowing just a second-half field goal. The Bombers have lost two straight, including a 39-26 decision last week to Calgary. The Stampeders held CFL rushing leader Andrew Harris to just 13 yards on seven carries.
At Calgary, the Eskimos (6-4) look to do something no other team has this season – win at McMahon Stadium. The Stampeders (8-1) are 5-0 at home and have won six straight and 10 of their past 12 Labour Day home games versus their provincial rivals. Quarterback Bo Levi Mitchell, who threw for 452 yards and three TDs against Winnipeg, is 4-0 on Labour Day while Edmonton's Mike Reilly, the CFL passing leader, is 0-3.


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You'll Be Blown Away by the Transformation of This New York Farmhouse
The beautifully-restored home is now for sale, and we want it!
Select Sotheby's International Realty
If she had been anything like most people, the current owner of this 240-year old farmhouse in New Scotland, NY would have taken one look at the timeworn property and run for the hills. Perhaps she would have, had her heart not already fallen head-over-heels in love with the Saltbox house—which, at least in her mind, she "bought" the minute she saw it. "It spoke to me, and I envisioned the potential, although it had to be uncovered," she recalls. "It was pretty rough!"
That was back in 1999, and indeed the property—which also includes a barn, two outbuildings and a pond—had seen better days. With its linoleum floors, Formica and drop ceilings, the home looked more 1960s than 1780s. The beautiful, brick Rumford fireplace—today one of the home's showstopping features—was hidden under a thick coat of red paint.
The task at hand was daunting, but here was a buyer with an appreciation for older homes and an overwhelming desire to bring this one back to life. And thus the labor of love began.
Quirks aside, there was, and remains, much to love about the farmhouse, which in its restored state is currently for sale with Sotheby's International Realty. Built by a Scotsman for his family using wood taken directly from the property, it's a simple, unfussy kind of place, and this is the current owner's favorite thing about it. Since purchasing the home, she's worked tirelessly to imbue it with the kind of worn-in charm that characterizes the best old houses. She loves that the floors are slightly imperfect, and that the objects inside show signs of having been made by hand. Nearly everything in the home has been salvaged from somewhere else or hand-built using reclaimed materials. "I tell my visitors that if you were this old, you'd have chips, nooks and crannies, too!"
Today, thanks to her keen eye for design and obvious desire to do right by the home, the farmhouse is scarcely recognizable as the place it was 18 years ago. It's a testament to what a bit of good will, hard work and TLC can do for a home. Let this be an inspiration to old house lovers everywhere.
Eleanor Linda Design & Photography
The Rumford fireplace was taken apart and rebuilt with the same bricks, but facing the opposite direction in order to hide the paint (Those bricks, incidentally, were used in a prior life as ballasts for Dutch ships). Paint was scraped, faux finishes were removed, and reclaimed wood was put to work to add warmth and coziness to the interior.
The farmhouse kitchen is a glorious mish-mash of pieces, and recalls kitchens of yesteryear, which never featured the matching rows of identical cabinetry that we so often see today. A fully-functioning 1931 Chambers stove feels right at home here. And if the kitchen beadboard looks like something that could be plucked straight from the walls of an old schoolhouse, well—that's because it was.
"This is a good place to live," the current owner says, "for those who value the simple things in life: nature, family, friends, peace and quiet." Despite the remarkable job she's done on the property's physical components, when asked what she'll miss the most about the home, she names "the spring air with the peepers serenading the onset of a new season."
The next owner of this home will not be living in a perfectly pristine house, but that is precisely what we love about it. It's a sturdy house, a solid house—a house that's been well loved and will no doubt be standing for centuries to come. And that's just about as "perfect" as a house can be, in our book.
Needless to say, one very lucky buyer is poised to hit the old house jackpot.
For more information, contact Sarah Hislop, Select Sotheby's International Realty at (518) 378-5212 or visit the full listing at CIRCA Old Houses.
Tour an Upstate New York Farmhouse
Inside a Circa-1790s New York Farmhouse
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This Farmhouse Was Completely Transformed for Just $30,000
A Farmhouse-Inspired Apartment Hidden in New York
New York Reuben

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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it's french. say it how it's supposed to be said.
it'll make your mouth feel funny.
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text:
'My dad's village no longer exists': Campaigners call for COP26 action on refugees
Emtithal Mahmoud seen during the shooting of her poem Di Baladna, which is about the devastating impact that climate change is having on humankind, particularly on refugees, London, Britain, Nov 2021. (File photo: Reuters/Handout/UNHCR/Andy Hall)
08 Nov 2021 11:06PM (Updated: 08 Nov 2021 11:06PM)
"My dad, he was born in a village that doesn't exist anymore," United Nations High Convention for Refugees (UNHCR) goodwill ambassador Emtithal Mahmoud said on Monday (Nov 8) in an appeal to world leaders to do more to support people who have been forced to flee their homes because of climate change.
At the start of the second, and final, week of the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow, governments turned to the thorny issue of how to help the most vulnerable deal with global warming and compensate for damage already done.
But with climate migrants not qualifying for refugee status under the UNHCR, that leaves people driven from their homes with little or no protection when they land, with governments often seeing them as illegal aliens.
Mahmoud, a Sudanese-American poet whose family was driven from Sudan by war, said her father's village no longer existed because of "a combination of conflict and desertification - another word people used before we started saying climate change".
She called for action at COP26, to end a lack of movement on the issue after years of discussion.
Climate change is expected to drive migration to new levels, with disruptions to food supplies, water security and increasingly severe weather extremes in coming decades.
In the six months between September 2020 and February 2021, 10.3 million people were displaced by climate-fuelled natural disasters - more than four times the 2.3 million displaced by conflict during the same period, a report by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies said.
Andrew Harper, the United Nations refugee agency UNHCR's special adviser on climate action, warned governments that after a doubling of the numbers of refugees in the last 20 years, they should be wary over how many there would be in the next 20 years.
"There is no time," he said. "We need to be doing something now."
Source: Reuters/ng


text:
Q: Server Error (500) on Django 1.6 I have Django 1.6 project and is run using the Gunicorn web application server behind the Nginx web server. Now i want to transfer that project to new host. For that i have copied all code across the new machine and install all required dependencies using pip install -r requirements.txt that went successful.
When i was trying to run python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 it was giving me below error:
Unable to process log entry: Unsupported Sentry DSN scheme:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/var/www/html/forttottensquare/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/raven/contrib/django/models.py", line 174, in sentry_exception_handler
    client.captureException(exc_info=sys.exc_info(), request=request)
  File "/var/www/html/forttottensquare/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/raven/contrib/django/models.py", line 54, in <lambda>
    _getattr_ = lambda x, o: getattr(get_client(), o)
  File "/var/www/html/forttottensquare/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/raven/contrib/django/models.py", line 154, in get_client
    instance = Client(**options)
  File "/var/www/html/forttottensquare/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/raven/base.py", line 141, in _init_
    self.set_dsn(dsn, transport)
  File "/var/www/html/forttottensquare/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/raven/base.py", line 195, in set_dsn
    transport_registry=self._registry,
  File "/var/www/html/forttottensquare/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/raven/conf/remote.py", line 69, in from_string
    raise InvalidDsn(ERR_UNKNOWN_SCHEME.format(url.scheme))
InvalidDsn: Unsupported Sentry DSN scheme:

I had a below settings in settings.py file:
RAVEN_CONFIG = {
    'dsn': os.environ.get('SENTRY_DSN', ''),
}

I had tried to change it with
RAVEN_CONFIG = {
    'dsn': None
}

Or
RAVEN_CONFIG = {}

After that it gives me below error on console:

Raven is not configured (logging is disabled). Please see the documentation for more information.

And in browser it gives me just Server Error (500).
SO what should i do to fix that issue?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kylee Durant prepared her family for shock at the supermarket.
Before her husband, a U.S. Army sergeant, transitioned from active duty, Durant took her shopping list off base to see how prices compared to the Army commissary.
Kylee's husband is one of approximately 200,000 servicemembers who will transition out of the military this year, according to the Department of Defense—a number that has held steady following a 2014 peak in troop drawdowns after wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. For these men and women, the switch to civilian life can present significant financial challenges. Many military benefits and discounts designed to lift the financial burden during active service end upon discharge. Even veterans who quickly enter post-military careers find that today's employer benefits don't measure up to those provided by Uncle Sam.
In addition, the military's shift from a traditional pension plan to the new Blended Retirement System (BRS), which combines a defined benefit with a defined contribution plan—means that future generations of servicemembers will have increased responsibility for planning their retirement.
Durant understands these challenges well. Not only is she a military spouse, she's vice president of Transition Technology and Innovation Programs for the USO's Pathfinder program, which takes a holistic approach to preparing military families for their civilian lives. Last year, the USO Pathfinder program partnered with Prudential to pilot a free financial education program at a selection of the USO's more than 200 global locations, and developed an online financial wellness platform.
Prudential's Chuck Sevola, vice president and head of Prudential's Veteran Initiatives office and an Army veteran, hopes the collaboration will serve as a model for public-private partnerships that help military families.
"Our collaboration with the USO allows us to pool expertise and resources to ensure that those who have sacrificed so much to keep our country safe can enjoy long-term financial security," Sevola says.
The program's in-person seminars feature presentations from financial professionals on various topics including budgeting, saving, college funding and taxes. They also will address issues unique to transitioning servicemembers such as military pensions and the BRS, options for healthcare, and life insurance available to veterans.
Feedback has been positive. According to internal surveys cited by Durant, the program has received a above a 95 percent satisfaction score since inception.
One satisfied Pathfinder program participant? Durant's husband.
"He ended up getting assistance and figuring out what he wanted to do next, which was actually different than he had thought," Durant says. The program helped point him toward a career as an FAA-certified airplane mechanic.
Prudential Financial Advisor Arthur Bush, who left active duty with the Army in 2015 and is currently a first lieutenant and operations officer with the Georgia Army National Guard, offers financial counselling to hundreds of military servicemembers a year. Bush says, that while servicemembers often build a bigger nest egg than their non-military peers, they deal with the same financial uncertainties in today's economy.
Many of the questions he gets from his military clients are about the Blended Retirement System. Servicemembers active as of year-end 2017 are grandfathered into the traditional pension system, but many will be eligible to opt into the BRS. Depending on age and time of service, some may benefit from opting into the new system. The Department of Defense offers a BRS comparison calculator to help servicemembers decide.
The new system makes programs like the USO Pathfinder-Prudential partnership all the more important.
For Military Saves Week (Feb. 26 through March 3), both Durant and Bush urge servicemembers to take the opportunity to sit down and discuss a financial strategy with their family and an advisor.
For media inquiries about the USO Pathfinder-Prudential partnership and the financial challenges faced by military families, please contact Alicia Rodgers Alston.
To celebrate the U.S. Army's 242nd Birthday, the El Paso Chihuahuas honored Army veterans from Prudential's El Paso technology center and others who faced the unique challenges that military families know all too well.


text:
The Influence
Author Charlotte Wood explains how the still-life paintings of Jude Rae help her write. By Kate Holden.
Jude Rae's oil on linen SL441, and Charlotte Wood (inset).
Credit: Jude Rae (above) and Chris Chen (inset)
Author Charlotte Wood is best known for her multi-awarded Animal People (2011), her Stella Prize-winning novel The Natural Way of Things (2015), her Stella-shortlisted The Weekend (2019), and three other highly praised novels. Much of her work explores the creative process through anthology, mentorship and podcasts, and she's known for her deep engagement with the literary community. Her new book, The Luminous Solution: Creativity, Resilience and the Inner Life, has just been published by Allen & Unwin. Wood was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 2019. She's currently at work on a new novel.
For The Influence, she has chosen to discuss the work of Jude Rae, who has a new exhibition due to open at Philip Bacon Galleries in Brisbane in late October. Like Wood, Rae is based in Sydney and has been a finalist and winner of many awards. Rae is represented in major collections internationally and in Australia, including the Art Gallery of New South Wales, which recently acquired her On the Beach (Malua Bay, NYE 2019) (2020-21). Her works, in paint, range from interiors – often of empty public spaces – through portraiture to an extensive sequence of still lifes. Earlier this year Wood interviewed Rae on her occasional podcast, The Writer's Room with Charlotte Wood.
Tell me how you first came across Jude Rae's work.
As happens a bit to me these days, I first saw her work on Instagram. I saw one of her still lifes and just really loved it and couldn't stop looking at it, and then I followed her and any work I could see, I did. I realised I'd already seen some of her portraits and the big, beautiful interiors of the High Court building, airports and stuff. But it's the still lifes that I'm compelled by. It's taken me a long time to work out why they're so arresting. And recently I've become obsessed with her work because I feel like it's helping me write my new novel.
My influences change so often and depending on each book I have a few touchstone works to look at, and listen to, and read. Every book has some kind of problem inherent to it and I have to work out how to do it. With the one I'm writing now, which is about a woman in an enclosed religious order, there's a great deal of stillness in the story – or non-story! I was looking at Jude's pictures and thinking: It's a still life, I'm writing a still life. And that is a kind of horrifying prospect in a novel, which depends on movement in lots of ways. That's why I approached her to do the podcast: I was like, "Great, you can tell me how to make a still life that has so much energy and depth and authority in it." I wanted to know from her, how do you get this almost humming energy into what is, at first glance, a fairly static scene?
She talked about breaking up the surface, doing things with the form with the painting, not with the things that she was looking at but how she was looking at them. You get this sense that at first they're very intimate and very recognisable: you see, that's a gas bottle, that's a jar, that's a fire extinguisher. But as you look at them they start destabilising you as a viewer. The edges of the picture start breaking up. And the surfaces these seemingly solid objects are on begin drizzling away or dissolving. When she has water in vessels and refraction or reflections, the reflected thing is shifted out of alignment. There's this constant movement within the picture just from the way she has arranged things. But most importantly, from the way she has paid such close, lavish attention to them.
There's one quote I wanted to read you, from Yeats: her pictures remind me of this. I've really taken it to heart for my next book. He said, "Only that which does not teach, which does not cry out, which does not persuade, which does not condescend, which does not explain, is irresistible."
I feel like a lot of contemporary literature, including my own at times, has become a bit overly concerned with saying things about society, or messages, or lessons, and I'm really tired of that in my own work [laughs] and I don't want to do it anymore. So this idea that you can make an incredible compelling piece of art that does none of those things – persuading, teaching, explaining – it's what I aspire to. We'll see if I can do it.
But the other thing about her composition is that the objects are very dignified. The verticals in the arrangement are almost stern in their arrangement next to each other. And then you have a sweep coming down behind them, an extension cord or something that swipes right across the picture diagonally, that breaks up the harmony. Another thing she does is have the light coming in from different directions. There's so much complexity in this picture that you look at, thinking, "Ah yes, I know what that is." But it throws you back into uncertainty all the time. I think there's so much in these pictures: the more you look, the more and more and more there is to find.
I love that they're extremely beautiful but there's nothing remotely romantic or sentimental about them. And that comes, I think, from the objects that she chooses, often quite industrial, functional, like a plastic bucket or a gas bottle. They're next to a beautiful antique vase. There's a juxtaposition and dislocation that comes from putting together things that don't belong together, which is one of the hallmarks of creative thinking: the joining of unlike things, which creates energy and creates new thinking about what each thing is. There's a kind of moral quality to her attention. It says that this ordinary, rusty old functional stuff is as worthy of our attention as this beautiful vase with flowers in it.
I made a note as I looked at them: "elements in adjunct". The objects are implacably placed, still, but there's an implied narrative about how. And what's happening out of the frame with this destabilising? Something's happened here.
Personally, when I love a painting there's a sense that I could go into the painting. It's not flat; you feel you could go among these objects. But then the painting suddenly goes flat at the bottom, there's the underpainting: she's always reminding you, as she said to me, "I always want the viewer to be pulled up short by the knowledge that this is a painting. It's not real. This is a piece of art that is being imagined by someone else." So there's so much life in the stillness. That's why they're so magical to me.
She said in your podcast that real beauty is hard work. But there's also the idea – a feminist idea perhaps – that simply holding things together, assembling and cherishing them, is sufficient.
I love that. And that's what's going on in these pictures, right? Bringing things together and letting them speak out of the stillness. It's almost like just because she's painted those things they have authority. I wish I had one of her pictures on the wall because I could look at it forever and find new places to go inside it. Maybe that's all you need to do in a book.
This article was first published in the print edition of The Saturday Paper on Oct 9, 2021 as "Charlotte Wood".
Kate Holden is the author of The Winter Road.


Short answer: It is unknown when companies will make a profit collecting hard-to-recycle plastics that were accepted at depots and grocery stores.
There are still some options for non-curbside recycling. To find out about them you can contact Metro at 503-234-3000.
For the first time in the 25-year history of the Oregon Right to Recycle Act, materials that are listed as 'recyclable' in the curbside system cost more to recycle than to landfill. So, by legal definition, there is no such thing as a material that is recyclable right now.
Meanwhile collection rates in the state are structured with the idea that recycling will subsidize garbage collection. Today garbage and recycling collectors have to pay processors to take their recycling. This change is a major disruption of the collection system and must be stabilized. The DEQ has been convening meetings with stakeholders to address the crisis.
Short answer: A lot of materials Oregonians are accustomed to recycling are now headed to the landfill. Depots and many jurisdictions in the state of changed what they accept as recycling. It is hard to throw materials away that we are used to recycling.
But there are only isolated incidents in Oregon where materials that were properly sorted for recycling are now in the landfill. Companies had to get permission to landfill the material.
Background: Many jurisdictions in the state are concerned that the high cost of recycling will undermine their ability to collect garbage for their communities. For this reason, there are many communities that have been informed that recycling collection is discontinued. In these cases, materials that the community is used to calling 'recycling' is being landfilled.
In the metro region, the list of accepted materials is not changing. Local jurisdictions are instead proposing to local officials to raise the rates of collection to pay to keep recycling.
In Oregon, companies cannot landfill materials that were properly separated for recycling unless they formally request permission from the Department of Environmental Quality. Since the recent recycling crisis, there have been some cases where DEQ has concurred that material can be landfilled. The tonnage amounts to less than 2 percent of all collected recycling and most of is not curbside recycling.
In our region, there are two areas where such a variance has taken place. In unincorporated Multnomah County Corbett area, the garbage and recycling company made the case that they cannot afford to recycle curbside materials and so all curbside recycling is mixed with garbage and landfilled. Pioneer Recycling in Clackamas County is permitted to landfill Milk cartons and Aseptic boxes. This means that these two materials might be going to the landfill if you live in the South and East parts of our region.
Short Answer: Recycling is still the right thing to do. It is an important way to conserve trees, water and energy and to reduce mining, pollution and climate change. Properly recycled materials in our region are getting recycled because we opted to pay for it. All materials that are collected for recycling must be recycled unless a company gets permission from the State to landfill it.
Is this really at tub? When in doubt throw it out.
Recycle only what is on the list. This is critical to stabilizing our system! When in doubt, throw it out or find out by calling Metro at 503-234-3000.
Be conservative with some of those grey-area materials like square-shaped, clear or flimsy tubs and questionable paper products like butter containers or tea bag wrappers. Toss them if they are not exactly like the picture or list of items on the list.
Explore new ways to reduce, reuse, repair, share and fix.
Next month we will focus on long-term ideas for strengthening our recycling system.


text:
Notes From The Avalon
A Media Science Analysis of Fifteen
Fifty: Manifesting Destiny
desertcurmudgeon Fifteen, Hillside, Reunion March 5, 2020 March 5, 2020 5 Minutes
Episode 3, Part 1
Hapa Izakaya Yaletown
Bill, Courtney and Marvel sat at a corner booth waiting for their drink orders.
"Wow, Billy, so this is what it's like to be a Hollywood A-lister?"
"I'm living the dream…who would have thought that one day, I'd have the honor of treating my religiously conflicted sister to overpriced sushi?"
"That's not what I mean, Smart Ass. This is a five-star Japanese restaurant, but you just waltzed right in with your dog and no one batted an eye."
"I can't take credit for that – Marvel's irresistibly sexy. By the way, you could probably stand to be a little more subtle around him. He's very intuitive so he knows when someone's staring at his ass."
The waitress returned with two White Russians and a bowl of water that she placed on the table in front of Marvel.
"Sorry, Buddy, but you need to stay on the wagon. We can't have anymore incidents like the one at last year's Oscars. He claims he blacked it all oot, but I found a pair of Margot Robbie's panties in his kennel last week."
"He's a man of impeccable taste."
"Takes after his daddy. Okay, Courtney, tell me something good."
Courtney heaved a sigh and took a sip of her drink.
"I don't know, Billy…I guess I just really started taking stock of my life over the course of the last year or so and when you're a nun, that means taking stock of your faith. It's not something I ever really questioned before and that's exactly why I feel like such a failure. What was I thinking, Billy? I took my vocational vows just months after I graduated high school and abandoned all my dreams of becoming a published writer. I guess I was just…scared."
"Scared of what?"
"Of people, Billy…myself included. Everything was always so dramatic, everybody seemed so mean, so I chose a line of work I thought would keep me away from all that."
"Courtney, you were a kid. Beating yourself up for a decision you made 30 years ago strikes me as a little masochistic."
"I guess I'm hypersensitive…but I felt so guilty aboot some of the things I pulled back then, especially not being there for you."
"If it'll make you feel better, you can reimburse me for my therapy bills. Aboot a hundred grand oughta do the trick. Courtney, I'm fine and I seem to remember things a bit differently. All this retroactive second-guessing is just an attempt to avoid starting your next chapter."
"That's just it, Billy! I don't have a clue how to go aboot…starting the next chapter. It's like the whole world passed me by while I was taking sanctuary in a church."
"And you don't think that sounds like the basis of a great book?"
"A book?"
"Maybe the world has passed you by, Courtney, because bitter memoirs by lapsed Catholics are all the rage."
"It's not like that, Billy. I'm not bitter, I'm just mad at myself for dedicating myself to a calling that I hadn't really received. I feel like I've been taking advantage of everyone at the convent for no other reason than that I'm an insecure mess."
"Like Regina? Somehow she doesn't strike me as a paragon of self-assurance."
"But her faith in the church is sincere. I'm not sure if mine ever was."
"So what's the plan? You're welcome to stay with me and Isabelle at our place up on Garibaldi Lake until you sort everything oot. You'd have the place to yourself most of the time."
"Billy, I couldn't impose—"
"Courtney, in just the past week, I've gone from New York to L.A. to Vancouver and tomorrow we're leaving for Sydney. Do you know who watches the house while we're jetting all over the planet? Nobody. If it wasn't my house, I'd rob it. So do me a fucking favor and say yes."
Courtney smiled as Marvel curled up in the booth by her side and rested his head in her lap.
Collingwood, Ontario
"Brooke, I don't know what to say."
"That makes two of us."
"You're welcome to stay with me for a while until you figure oot what to do. I mean, I know it's not much to look at but there's plenty of room."
"I appreciate that, Stacy. I really do. But I've been thinking that if there's a bright side to Elliot's affair, it might just be the opportunity this affords me to…mend a few fences back home."
"Back home – you mean Vancouver?"
"That's a pretty big step. Do you feel up to it?"
"Some days I do, some days I don't, but that's not gonna change no matter where I live, Stace. And if I don't have a lot of time left…I need to use it wisely."
"I'll help you any way I can, Brooke."
"Even if that means accompanying me on the road trip of a lifetime?"
"That's exactly what I was hoping for."
Kent Institution Correctional Facility
Agassiz, B.C.
"MacDonald! You've got a visitor."
Chris got up from his table in the mess hall and followed the guard oot to the visitation area. He sat down, picked up a headset and glared through the plexiglass barricade.
"You've gotta be kidding me. What the fuck are you doing here?"
"Well, I saw your name in all the papers, so I thought I'd come congratulate you on your newfound celebrity."
"Fuck you, Dylan. If you just came here to gloat, I've got better things to do."
"Oh yeah? Like what? Never mind, I don't think I want to know. I've been away for a long time, so I figured I'd see how my former bandmates are doing. Yikes."
"Save your sarcasm for someone who cares, Dylan. Now what do you want?"
"Well, I paid Roxane a visit in the ICU just before I came here and she wanted me to give you a message."
"What message?"
"She wanted me to tell you not to drop the soap…and that she can't wait to see you in court."
Chris extended his middle finger and pressed it against the plexiglass before turning around and following the guard back to the mess hall.
The Liberty Distillery
Kelly cashed oot and pocketed her tip money, relieved to have pulled in just enough to cover her electric bill and Nia's daycare for another month. Exhausted, she sat down at the bar.
"Grab me an IPA, James."
"You got it, Baby. Rough night?"
"Is there any other kind in this shithole?"
"Excuse me, this is a craft shithole, thank you very much."
"Yeah, and I'm living in craft abject poverty because these rich assholes are even cheaper than you are."
James knocked the cap off the beer and placed in on the bar. "You know something, Kelly? I've got a premonition…"
"I can't wait to hear this."
"I have a feeling that your ship is aboot to come in, and sooner than you think."
"Oh yeah? And what makes you say that?"
"Just a feeling. But it sure seems like karma's been catching up to an awful lot of people lately and I think you're a prime candidate to partake in the spoils of cosmic justice."
"I don't think you know me very well, James, because my karma is aboot as far in the red as it gets."
"I doubt that, Babe. Mark my words – good things are on the horizon for you."
Published by desertcurmudgeon
View all posts by desertcurmudgeon
Previous Post Fifty: Dog Days
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10 thoughts on "Fifty: Manifesting Destiny"
mydangblog says:
All roads lead to Vancouver, which is making me a little sad, because when this is filmed (and it will be) I was hoping to be an extra in Toronto!
desertcurmudgeon says:
Oh, I had already envisioned you popping up in one or more of these scenes. Want to be the person driving the car that creams Ashley in the intersection? We'll shoot it in slo-mo so that you can smile and wave through the window as you're driving by.
Oh yes please!! And can my personalized license plate say Player One?!
Consider it done! And to clarify, you'll be driving the Civic that causes Ashley's car to spin on its roof. The truck that hits her first bears the logo of an actual business in Durham…because apparently, I won't be satisfied until someone takes legal action against me for all of the rampant libel, slander and shameless copyright infringement in which I traffic here at NFTA.
Excellent!!
All added to the shared gdoc.
Ring, ring. "Uh, yeah, this is Ryan Reynolds. This the Deserted Curmug, what?"
"Curmudgeon. This is he. And, don't even pretend to be Reynolds. That guy's got his head so far up his ass that he unzips his pants to kiss his mama. He'd never try and actually call me."
"Nice. That's real nice to hear. So, let's say this really is Reynolds. What if he, I mean I, told you I want to hire you to write on my next script, whatever it might be?"
"'Mole, that you, you son-of-a-bitch?"
"Mole? What the fuck's a mole. You mean Deadpool? First off, don't call me Deadpool. Right?"
"I don't work for A-list assholes."
"Asshole? You don't even know me."
"You ever grow hair on that boyish chest of yours?"
"That. I need that. I'll send you a limo. You get in, take the flight, meet me in L.A., tonight. Bring your dog."
"How the hell…"
"And remember, don't call me Deadpool."
Stop listening in on my phone calls.
I'll have to send in my spies to remove the bugs — not gonna happen — Your conversations with yourself are much too entertaining.
Tom Being Tom says:
Now that my schedule has become less cluttered I had to roll back and find out where I left off. I left off JUST BEFORE my dog DRANK IN A BAR!
And stole Harley Quinn's panties. 😁
My dog's a star, you're a future Hollywood writer, Mole's a Deadpool impersonator and Suzanne's a homicidal Honda driver.
I'm all cut up!
(to just before the pandemic, that is)
Marvel was a star long before I gave him a part in a miniseries.
The Avalon Archives


Harrison Ford, Tom Cruise, and Arnold Schwarzenegger are among famous celebrities who have owned small airplanes and in some cases flown out of the Santa Monica Airport.
But there are many other, less-famous people who also use the local airport to fly small solo planes. One such person is 16-year-old Santa Monica resident Dante Gaudet. He might be the only person in his high school class that can brag to his classmates about flying a small aircraft.
Perhaps it was destiny as well, as he lives within walking distance of Santa Monica Airport. Many of his days as a youth were spent watching planes takeoff and land around the grounds, and from there he was set on his path.
Dante was introduced to aviation through the Young Eagles Program in Santa Monica. He started training to become a pilot at age 10, about the minimum age required, according to Dirk. At 16, Dante was finally able to get his license to fly solo, and next year he's hoping to pass tests to fly others around.
For now, Gaudet operates small planes and often flies to other neighboring airports like Van Nuys and back to Santa Monica. He can reach heights up to 9,000 feet and flies high above the ocean and Hollywood area.
Dante said it's important for pilots to have quick reactions, and the most challenging part about flying is "multi-tasking" and "being able to stay calm under difficult circumstances." All pilots are required to watch weather reports and Dante says pilots are taught not to fly if visibility is poor.
So far, he's passed all tests. After high school Dante plans to go to college (perhaps Stanford) and his dream is to someday become an aerospace engineer.
"I don't really want to be a pilot for commercial purposes," he said.
Right now he's just content to fly the friendly skies in small planes around Santa Monica. His father, Dirk, is obviously proud of everything his young son has accomplished so far.
Both father and son share a passion for airplanes, but Dante is the one who actually pilots planes in the sky. He's hoping to someday meet Harrison Ford and said he's a fan of "Indiana Jones" and "Star Wars." After all, how cool would it be for anyone to fly alongside Han Solo?


text:
Charlize Theron names her one condition for a Fast and Furious spin-off
Annabel Nugent
Charlize Theron has named her one requirement for saying "yes" to a Fast and Furious spin-off.
The racing car franchise is due to release its next entry – titled Fast X – in May this year. The film follows 22 years after the first movie, starring the late Paul Walker and Vin Diesel, hit cinemas in 2001.
Over the years, a number of actors have appeared in the franchise.
Among those names, which include Dwayne Johnson, Brie Larson, Eva Mendes, and Djimon Hounsou, is Theron.
Theron, 47, first appeared as Cipher, an adept hacker and cyberterrorist, in 2017's The Fate of the Furious and reprised the role in 2021's F9. She will also portray the character in the forthcoming 10th film.
Cipher has become a fan-favourite character who could possibly justify her own spin-off film.
Asked by Entertainment Tonight whether she would consider leading a spin-off, Theron gave a straight-forward answer, naming the one condition she has for saying yes.
"If Dame Helen Mirren does it, I'm in," said Theron.
Helen Mirren joined the franchise at the same time as Theron, portraying Magdalene Shaw – mother of Deckard, Owen and Hattie – in The Fate of the Furious and F9. She is also due to star in Fast X.
Mirren has some experience with spin-offs, having also starred in Hobbs & Shaw, which focuses on the characters of Luke Hobbs and Deckard Shaw (Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham, respectively). It also stars Idris Elba, Vanessa Kirby, and Ryan Reynolds.
The Oscar-winner previously recalled how she "begged" Diesel to bring her aboard the franchise.
Last year, Fast and Furious franchise director Justin Lin quit the franchise reportedly over a "major disagreement" with Diesel.
Fast X is slated for a theatrical release on 19 May 2023.
Video from Canada falsely shared as 'Hindu feast for UK PM Rishi Sunak staff'
A video has attracted tens of thousands of views in social media posts that falsely claim it shows staff of Rishi Sunak, Britain's first Hindu prime minister, celebrating a harvest festival observed across India and Sri Lanka. The clip actually shows police officers and local figures in Ontario, Canada taking part in an event organised by a Tamil cultural group."Viral Video of UK defense & PM's office staff celebrating Pongal/Makar Sankranti festival. A welcome change," reads a Facebook post sha
Firefighters use 6,000 gallons of water to extinguish Tesla fire
A Tesla Model S battery "spontaneously caught fire" inside the vehicle as it was driving on a highway in Rancho Cordova, California, where firefighters used 6,000 gallons of water to combat the blaze. Source: Metro Fire of Sacramento
Department of Health 'has missed deadline' for 23/24 pay review body
The Department of Health and Social Care has missed the deadline for submitting evidence on next year's pay award for more than a million NHS staff, MPs have been told.
The 1975 and Lewis Capaldi among star acts to play at Radio 1's Big Weekend
Lewis Capaldi, The 1975, Niall Horan and Arlo Parks are some of the acts that have been announced.
NHS 111 expanding with paediatric advice and mental health support to ease hospital pressures
NHS 111 is expanding to include paediatric advice and direct access to urgent mental health support in a bid to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. Children are set to have same-day appointments with specialists, rather than attending A&E, which is feeling the strain of long waiting times and ambulance response times. Parents and carers can use NHS 111 where their kids will have access to specialist advice from clinicians who can help manage their illnesses at home or decide another route for their care.
Macron tells French government to 'man the front lines' during pension strike
Emmanuel Macron has reportedly ordered his government to stand firm and "man the front lines" as strikes against the pension age increase swept the country.
One person taken to hospital after car ends up on its side
ONE person has been taken to hospital after a car ended up on its side following a crash in Bournemouth.
Voices: Convicting Donald Trump won't bring justice
Focusing on the former president's wrongdoing can make it seem like he alone is the problem
Flybe: Where are the worst-hit travellers after airline goes bust for second time?
Analysis shows Flybe struggled to fill half its seats


This might be a bit of a stretch, but BBQs are a summer thing, right?
After the sriracha chips were defeated in the Lay's Choose Your Flavor campaign I have been looking for a replacement.
Once opened, I can smell sweet BBQ sauce, vinegar, onion, and a hint of liquid smoke. Basically these smell exactly like any other BBQ chip on the market. Don't get me wrong, they smell delicious, but there is nothing about the aroma that specifically hints at Korean BBQ.
After my first bite I was really wowed by the texture. These are some really crunchy kettle chips. If you have ever had the little bags of chips that accompany food at Panera Bread, which in my opinion are much harder than the traditional kettle chip, these are very similar. After my initial reaction to the texture I focused on the flavor.
I loved the crunchy texture, but I couldn't find any hint of Korean BBQ spices in this flavor. If you like BBQ chips, these are just like any other kettle-style brand on the market, just with a more satisfying crunch.


Let's take a closer look at the meaning of the word "Tae" "Kwon" "Do." It is composed of three parts as shown in the English spelling, though it is one word in Korean. "Tae" means "foot," "leg," or "to step on"; "Kwon" means "fist," or "fight"; and "Do" means the "way" or "discipline." If we put these three parts together, we can see two important concepts behind "Tae Kwon Do".
Tae kwon-do means "the right way of using all parts of the body to stop fights and help to build a better and more peaceful world."
Tae kwon-do is very different from many such oriental martial arts. First, physically it is very dynamic with active movements that include a mirage of foot skills. Second, the principle physical movements are in simpatico with that of the mind and life as a whole. Third, it possesses dynamic poses from another perspective.
Tae kwon-do pursues harmonious growth and improvements of life through its unique activities. This is why one could say Tae kwon-do is a way of life. To ultimately enable ourselves to lead more valuable lives, we would do well by finding the guiding principles deeply hidden in Tae kwon-do.


Western young man comes home from uncles ship that he was sent to grow up.
Can someone explain why the chapters come in A and B versions except chapter 5?
"Chapter 1A, Chapter 1B, Chapter 2A, Chapter 2B, Chapter 3A, Chapter 3B, Chapter 4A, Chapter 4B, Chapter 5"
Most likely because the author wrote the story piecemeal.
The story is from 2006. About that time I think the site changed from splitting long chapters into separate chapters labeled #A, #B, #C, etc. and began breaking them into multiple sections. Chapter 5 was probably posted after the change and split into sections in the new manner.


This Summer was a short one, but we've managed to pack a lot in! We take every opportunity to get outdoors and play, to allow our little ones to be free to explore the natural environment.
Here are some things that we've been enjoying recently!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged nature, outdoors, play, summer by Julie B. Bookmark the permalink.
It was great to see all the Little Tulips having fun in the sun!!


text:
Esta é a lista dos 209 picos ultraproeminentes da América do Sul. A montanha mais proeminente é o Aconcágua (6962 m de altitude e de proeminência), seguida pelo Pico Cristóbal Colón (5775 m de altitude e 5584 m de proeminência).

Planalto das Guianas

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Cordilheira Oriental e Cordilheira de Mérida

Cordilheira Ocidental e Cordilheira Central

Cordilheiras do Equador

Galápagos

Cordilheira Branca e norte do Peru

Cordilheira Oriental e Vilcabamba

Cordilheira Ocidental

Planalto Brasileiro

Puna de Atacama até Aconcágua

Argentina Central e Chile a sul do Aconcágua

Norte da Patagónia

Sul da Patagónia

Ligações externas

Montanhas da América do Sul
Listas de montanhas por proeminência

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Collaboration between startups and big corporates is something I touch on regularly in my work, and it's something that despite being increasingly essential, there exists a high level of variance in the success of efforts by big companies to do that.
Europe's Corporate Startup Stars attempts to rank the companies that are doing the most to collaborate with the startup world across Europe. In total, 36 companies were highlighted for their work, 12 of whom were 'corporate startup stars', and a further 24 as 'open innovation challengers'.
The competition ranked SAP as the best of the bunch, closely followed by Telefonica and Virgin. SAP were nominated due to their commitment to procurement and a strong focus on mergers and acquisitions. Telefonica, meanwhile, were chosen due to their attempts to integrate startups from their OpenFuture accelerator into the company, whilst Virgin ranked highly as a result of their success in integrating entrepreneurship into their corporate culture.
The awards coincided with a new report that examined each of the finalists, complete with data from the sector as a whole. It reveals that 52% of large European companies have an accelerator program, with an average of 19 startups in each. What's more, 32% of corporates also engage in accelerators run by others, such as Startupbootcamp. Promisingly, 87% of big companies bought from startups in the past year, with the average company engaging with 10 startups per year. A large number also invested in startups, with 71% of those analyzed doing so, many through a dedicated corporate VC fund.
In addition to SAP, Telefonica and Virgin, the following companies were noted for their work with startups: BBVA, Cisco, Enel, KPN, Mastercard, Mercedes-Benz (Daimler AG), Orange, Rabobank and Unilever Foundry.
A further 24 companies were celebrated for their work in open innovation: AB InBev, Aviva, Barclays (Barclays Accelerator, powered by Techstars), BBC Worldwide, BMW, Eneco, Google (for entrepreneurs), Iberdrola, Intesa Sanpaolo, KBC, KLM, Lloyd, Metro, Microsoft, Nestle', Pfizer, Philips, RBS, Santander, Shell, Sodexo, Sonae, Unipol, VIVAT.
Of course, startups aren't the only group that corporates are looking to work with, and a second study has sought to understand the state of collaboration between business and universities in Europe.
Far and away the most common form of collaboration was around research itself, including cooperating on R&D, sharing of staff and so on. There was also considerable activity in co-design of curricula, commercialization of R&D and management of shared resources. The authors believe there is still considerable room for improvement however.
"There remains a lack of awareness of all the ways in which university and business cooperate and how they interrelate especially in respect to lesser known research (professional mobility) and education activities (curriculum design and delivery, lifelong learning and dual study programmes) as well as valorisation and management cooperation," they say.
The report found that the average business cooperates with less than 5 universities, with the majority of these located in their home region or country. Most of these relationships tend to be ongoing rather than one-off transactions, but they nonetheless reveal frustrations over the cultural barriers that prevent deeper integration.
The very essence of open innovation rests on the notion that innovation works better when you involve diverse and disparate minds in it. These two reports suggest progress is being made towards that end, but there is still much that can be done.


All living organisms in this universe are made up of cells.
They either exist as a single cell or as a combination of multiple cells.
1. A cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. All the living organisms are made up of cells.
3. Cells are formed from pre-existing cells.
Unicellular Organisms – The organisms that consist of a single cell such as Amoeba.
How can multicellular organisms originate from a single cell?
A cell has the capability to divide itself into cells of its own type. Therefore, more cells can generate from an already existing cell.
The shape of the cell may vary depending upon the type of function they perform in an organism.
Cells are capable of changing their shape. For example, the white blood cells and amoeba can change shapes on their own.
How can cells perform distinct functions in organisms?
Cells are capable of performing multiple functions in an organism. A cell contains specific components which are called Organelles. Each organelle in the cell can perform different functions such as making new cells or clearing the waste of the cell. Thus, organelles allow a cell to perform several kinds of activities in an organism.
It is just like an envelope that covers the whole cell. Therefore, a cell gets separated from the external environment because it has a plasma membrane.
The plasma membrane has the capability to decide which materials should enter or leave the cell and which should not. That is why it is also called as a 'Selectively Permeable Membrane'.
The Fluid Mosaic model explains the structure of the plasma membrane. According to it, the plasma membrane comprises of 3 components - Lipids, Proteins and Carbohydrates. These components can flow freely and fluidly inside the plasma membrane.
Cholesterol - It is a lipid which provides fluidity to the surface of plasma membrane.
The proteins act as receptors of the cell and help in transportation across the cell membrane. The carbohydrates attach themselves with the lipids and proteins and are found on extracellular side of the membrane.
How can substances move in and out of a cell?
Movement of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide to and from the cell is carried out by means of diffusion.
Gaseous substances have a tendency to move to areas where their concentration is less from the areas where there is higher. This movement is defined as the process of diffusion. Diffusion can take place of solids, liquid, gases.
It is carried out by the means of osmosis. Osmosis is a process in which water moves from the region of high concentration to one where its concentration is low through a semi permeable membrane. Therefore we can say that Osmosis is just a special case of the process of diffusion.
If the concentration of water outside the cell is higher than the concentration of water inside the cell the cell gains water by the process of osmosis.
Water can move into the cell from the cell membrane. In the case of hypotonic solutions, more amount of water enters the cells which results in swelling of the cells.
If the cells are put in an environment which has similar concentration of water as present inside. This state allows for the free movement of water across the membrane without changing concentration of solutes on either side.
Therefore, the size of the cell does not vary in an isotonic solution because there is no net movement of water.
If the cells are kept in an environment which has lower concentration of water than what is present inside the cells then due to the process of osmosis water moves out of the cells.
This results in a decrease in size of the cells (they shrink) as more amount of water comes out of the cell.
It is a process by which the plasma membrane engulfs food and other materials inside the cell.
The cell wall is a outer, hard covering of the cell which maintains the shape of the cell.
The cell wall is generally made up of cellulose.
Plasmolysis is a process in which the contents of the cell that are away from the cell wall shrink or contract when a cell loses water due to Osmosis when it is kept in hypertonic solution.
Can dead cells absorb water? No, dead cells cannot absorb water through osmosis.
How plants, fungi, and bacteria can exist in hypotonic medium?
Plants, fungi, and bacteria exist in such situations because of their rigid cell membranes. Even if the cells swell up the cell membrane is able to prevent them from bursting out.
Nucleus is a prominent, organelle present in cell which is the controlling centre of all activities of cell.
A nucleus has a nuclear membrane which covers it all around.
There are pores present on the nuclear membrane that allow movement of substances in and out of the nucleus.
There are chromosomes, rod-shaped structures present in the nucleus which contain genetic information.
2. Proteins - These help in packaging and condensation of DNA.
Chromatin is thread-like material present in a cell. The chromatin organizes itself into chromosomes whenever the cell is about to divide.
It is called as the Brain of the Nucleus. It comprises of 25% of the volume of the nucleus. It consists of proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNA). It helps in formation of ribosomes which help in formation of proteins inside the cell.
Sometimes cells do not have a well-defined nucleus because they lack a nuclear membrane. Such a nucleus with no definite nuclear boundaries is called a Nucleoid.
Organisms whose cells do not have a definite cell membrane are called Prokaryotes.
Organisms whose cells contain a well-defined nuclear membrane are called Eukaryotes.
Are there any further differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
The plasma membrane has a fluid like substance in it which is called the cytoplasm.
It supports and suspends the cell organelles and molecules.
The cellular processes occur in cytoplasm such as formation of proteins.
It allows movement of substances in the cell such as hormones.
In the case of Eukaryotic organisms, the cells contain organelles that have their own membranes apart from the overall cell membrane of the cell.
What is the significance of membrane-bound organelles in a cell?
The cells perform several functions. The organelles are useful because they allow separation of different functions that are being performed by the cell.
The structure of the ER is quite similar to that of the plasma membrane. It is a network-like structure which consists of membrane-bound tubes and sheets.
Rough ER contains ribosomes that are responsible for the manufacturing of proteins in the cells. They give a rough texture to the cell.
The smooth ER manufactures fats or lipids in the cell which allow the functioning of the cell.
What are the functions of lipids and proteins?
Proteins and lipids synthesised on ER are used for making cell membrane. The process is known  as Membrane Biogenesis.
Folding of proteins which are synthesised by ribosome on RER.
Detoxifying poisons and drugs out of the cell is the function of SER.
Camillo Golgi discovered the Golgi Apparatus.
It contains vesicles that are arranged parallel in stacks. These stacks are called Cisterns. These vesicles have their own membranes. These membranes are sometimes connected to those of the ER.
Golgi apparatus carries materials synthesized by the ER to different parts of the cell. The material is stored and packaged in vesicles.
They are single membrane vesicles which are responsible for cleaning the cell. They can digest any foreign material such as food or bacteria and even the worn out cell organelles.
How lysosomes can digest any foreign material that enters the cell?
Lysosomes are capable of doing so because they have digestive enzymes in them. These enzymes break the materials and digest them. These enzymes are synthesized by RER and packaged into lysosome by Golgi bodies.
Why lysosomes are called 'suicide bags'?
If the cell's own material gets damaged or dead gets there are chances that lysosomes burst out, thus digesting its own cell.
The cell requires energy in order to carry out several activities. This energy is generated by mitochondria which are often called as the 'Powerhouse' of the Cell. Mitochondria are site of cellular respiration. They use oxygen from air to oxidise the carbohydrates and thereby release energy.
What are energy currencies of a cell?
The Mitochondria generates ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) which are energy giving molecules of the cell that are often called as their 'Energy Currency'.
The Inner Membrane of Mitochondria called as Cristae Facilitates Generation of ATP molecules as it has a larger surface area.
Just like mitochondria it is also double membraned organelle which has its own DNA and ribosome.
Can further be divided into amyloplast, elaioplast and proteinoplast or aleuroplast.
They are found in tubers, cotyledons and endosperm in plants.
They are used to store starch.
They are found in seeds and nuts.
Chloroplasts are cell organelles that conduct photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast is derived from two Greek words Chloro and Plasts which means green and plants respectively.
Chloroplasts contain photosynthetic pigments called 'Chlorophyll' along with lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, DNA, RNA, grana, thylakoids and stroma.
Light-dependent Reactions in Photosynthesis – During photosynthesis chlorophyll absorbs the light energy which is then used to for two molecules ATP and NADPH.
Thylakoids – They are pillow shaped compartments in the chloroplast. The light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis take place in the thylakoids.
Stroma – It is a fluid-filled matrix in the chloroplasts. It is colorless fluid that contains all the enzymes that are needed for the light-dependent reactions in Photosynthesis.
Grana – Stacks of thylakoids are called Grana. They are found in the stroma. They provide a large surface area so that the reactions of photosynthesis can take place.
Vacuoles are the places where cells can store the liquids and solids. They are present in both plants and animals but the plant vacuoles are bigger in size than the animal vacuoles.
These vacuoles are filled with a fluid called Vascular Sap. The fluid contains Amino Acids, Salt, Sugar, Proteins, Water, and Waste Materials. Sap vacuoles are separated from the cytoplasm by a semi-permeable membrane called Tonoplast. Their main function is to allow rapid exchange between cytoplasm and the surrounding environment.
A number of sap vacuoles are found in young plant cells and animal cells. In mature plants the small sap vacuoles combine together to form a single large central vacuole.
They are found in protistan and algal cells in fresh water. The membrane of the contractile vacuoles is highly extensible and collapses easily. These vacuoles are responsible for osmoregulation (maintaining the water content of the cells) and excretion in the cells.
They are found in the cells of protozoans and several lower animals. Food vacuoles are responsible for digestion of food in the cells as they contain food enzymes. The digested food then passes into the cytoplasm. Found in single celled organisms like Amoeba.
A centriole is a small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way.
Their main purpose is to help a cell in cell division.
They are found near the nucleus but they can be seen only during the cell division.
They are found in pairs and form a special substance called Centrosome which appears near the nucleus.
When the cell divides, the centrosome divides into two parts and each part moves to opposite sides of the cell.
They are cell organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Ribosomes can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes because the synthesis of proteins is important in both of them.
In prokaryotes, the ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm.
In eukaryotes, they can be found floating in the cytoplasm or they are often attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ribosomes attached to the ER synthesize proteins that are to be exported out of the cell while the ribosomes floating inside the cell synthesize proteins that are used inside the cell.
Peroxisomes are small vesicles found in the cells.
These enzymes are used to break the toxic materials inside the cell.
They digest the fatty acids of the cell as well as amino acids by carrying out oxidation reactions in the cell.
They are also responsible for digestion of alcohol in the human body. Hence, the liver contains a large number of Peroxisomes.


text:
Q: Angular2 ComponentResolver and ng-content not rendering I'm trying to use ComponentResolver and ng-content together, however, when the resolver builds the component the transcluded content is not rendered.
I'm using Angular2 RC3. I do know there is some upcoming changes coming to the ComponentResolver ( https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/9467 ) that might affect this.
import {
  Input,
  Component,
  OnInit,
  ViewContainerRef,
  ComponentResolver,
  ViewChild
} from '@angular/core';

/**
 * COLUMN
 */
@Component({
    selector: 'column-component',
    template: `

        column: {{label}}
        <ng-content></ng-content>

`
})
export class ColumnComponent {
  @Input() label: sting = "";
}

/**
 * CELL
 */
@Component({
    selector: 'cell-component',
    template: 'cell component

'
})
export class CellComponent {

  @ViewChild('target', {read: ViewContainerRef}) target;

  constructor(
    private componentResolver:ComponentResolver,
    private viewContainerRef: ViewContainerRef) {
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.componentResolver.resolveComponent(ColumnComponent).then((factory) => {
      let componentRef = this.target.createComponent(factory, 0, this.viewContainerRef.injector);
    });
  }
}

/**
 * TABLE
 */
@Component({
    selector: 'datatable',
    template: `

        table component
        <cell-component
           style="border:1px solid yellow;padding:5px;display:block">
         </cell-component>

    `,
    directives: [ CellComponent ]
})
export class TableComponent {
}

/**
 * ROOOT APP
 */
@Component({
    selector: 'root-app',
    template: `

        <datatable>
          <column-component [label]="'my label'">
            column content
          </column-component>
        </datatable>

    `,
    directives: [ ColumnComponent, TableComponent ]
})
export class AppComponent {

}

Current behavior: The words 'column content' that are content of the column-component are never rendered.
Expected behavior:The inner content ( words "column content" ) of the column-component would render.

*

*Plunkr: https://plnkr.co/edit/9inB4yiXsFCLoVTxaPkz?p=preview

*Use case: https://github.com/swimlane/angular2-data-table/tree/templates

UPDATE
@GünterZöchbauer answered my orginial question ( THANKS! ), however, I applied a bit more logic and sadly it did not work. See updated plunkr:
 https://plnkr.co/edit/CsbmY6wePC3AWZlBDy34?p=preview
Expected Results: The cells would be repeated for each row and the value of the row's age attribute would be transposed to each.

A: You need to add <ng-content> to intermediate components as well
Plunker example


Safe passwords is really important. Because of that, we are here, not only talking about our cheap vps hosting linux, but also the software that we are supporting. Which are PHP, MySQL, cPanel, etc. And not only that, we are giving you some tips regarding passwords that you might need in the future.
For Edward Snowden, ex- agent of the Agency of National Security of the USA that jump to the fame by spreading of secret content of the United States, these are the six tips to consider when generating a safe password.
1. - The password never must have 8 characters less than.
2. - Never to use the automatic generation of passwords. The used algorithms to decode passwords are just like the used ones to generate passwords.
4. - Never to write easy words with misspelling.
5. - Never to write easy words with changes as: p3zc@do Variations of common words is first that it jumps.
6. - To use symbols, letters and numbers.


An energy-starved world has been saved by the discovery of a remarkable new invention: the water cell. A spoilt teenager - a little-too fond of mind-altering medicines - must evade amputee assassins, water-worshipping cultists, and a widow whose seven previous husbands have met questionable ends in order to save his fugitive father and uncover the dark truth behind this mysterious new power.An energy-starved world has been saved by the discovery of a remarkable new invention: the water cell. A spoilt teenager - a little-too fond of mind-altering medicines - must evade amputee assassins, water-worshipping cultists, and a widow whose seven previous husbands have met questionable ends in order to save his fugitive father and uncover the dark truth behind this mysterious new power.Set in a near future world, where private police forces enforce the law on the streets of Edinburgh, Berlin and the gleaming spires of desert city Media, this epic adventure (loosely based on the Biblical story of Tobit) is an epic, imaginative adventure for teenage and adult readers which will delight fans of Philip Pullman and followers of intelligent, speculative fiction.It is the first novel by English journalist and writer Craig Melville.