text:
\section{Introduction }

Narrow-line Seyfert~1 galaxies (NLS1), defined as having H$\beta$
FWHM~$\leq$~2000~km/s (Osterbrock \& Pogge 1985), possess distinctive
X-ray properties that set them apart from `normal,' broad-line
Seyfert~1 (BLS1) galaxies.  {\it ROSAT}\ observations have shown that
NLS1s exhibit rapid variability and steep spectra in the soft X-ray band
(Boller et al.\  1996) with more recent {\it ASCA}\ measurements
revealing that this anomalous spectral steepness often extends into the
2--10~keV band (Brandt et al.\  1997; Vaughan et al.\  1999).

It seems likely that the distinctive observational properties of this
sub-class of AGN relate to some fundamental physical parameter common to
all NLS1. By analogy with the `high state' properties of Galactic
black-hole candidates (GBHCs), it has been suggested that the fundamental
`driver' in NLS1 is the central black hole accreting at or above the
Eddington limit (Pounds et al.\  1995; Laor et al.\  1997).
One consequence of a high accretion rate might be that most of the
power in NLS1 is liberated in a hot, photoionised accretion disc rather
than a disc corona (Ross et al.\  1992). Thermal emission from such a hot disc
could then explain the strong soft excess flux and steep hard X-ray
continuum often seen in NLS1s, as the copious soft photons will
Compton cool the disc corona resulting in a steepening of the spectrum
(Pounds et al.\  1995).

The X-ray spectrum should
also bear the signature of Compton `reflection' from the disc
surface, which is expected to be highly ionised in high accretion rate objects
(e.g., Matt et al.\  1993). The form of the reflection features,
particularly the iron K line and absorption edge and the form of the soft
X-ray continuum, should therefore differ in NLS1s from BLS1s if indeed
NLS1s are accreting at a higher rate.
Tentative support for this view has recently been presented by Comastri
et al.\  (1998a) and Turner et al.\  (1999) who find evidence for an emission
line near 7~keV, consistent with K$\alpha$ emission in hydrogen-like
iron in the NLS1 Ton~S180.

Ark~564 is the brightest known NLS1 in the 2--10 keV band and
hence can be considered an ideal object in which to study the spectral
features described above.
{\it ROSAT}\ data revealed a complex spectrum in the soft
X-ray band, well fitted with either a power law and strong soft
excess, or a (steeper) power law and an absorption edge at 1.2~keV
(Brandt et al.\  1994). Vaughan et al.\
(1999) in their study of the {\it ASCA}\ spectra of 22 NLS1 find evidence in
Ark 564
for an emission feature at $\sim$1~keV or a broad
absorption feature at 1.2~keV. In the present paper we perform a more
detailed analysis of these
{\it ASCA}\ data together with simultaneous {\it RXTE}\ observations of Ark~564, to
provide the first study of a NLS1 out to 20~keV.
All line and edge energies derived from the spectral fitting are given
in the rest frame of the source and errors are quoted at the 90\%
confidence level
unless stated otherwise.

\section{Observations and data reduction}

\subsection{The ASCA observations}

Ark~564 was observed by {\it ASCA}\ on 23--25 December 1996 for a duration of
103~ksec.
After applying standard screening
criteria, the total `good' exposure time reduced to 47~ksec. In both
pairs of SIS and GIS instruments counts were accumulated from a 4\arcmin\
circular aperture centred on the source position, with background
estimated from source free regions at similar off-axis angles. The
derived pulse height spectra were binned to give at least 20 counts per
spectral channel. There appear to be significant calibration problems in
these {\it ASCA}\ spectra at soft energies; the SIS and GIS spectra diverge at
$\sim 1$~keV, differing by 30\% at 0.8~keV, and the two SIS spectra
diverge from each other at lower energies. This is most likely due to
radiation damage to the SIS CCDs.
The response of the GIS detectors is not thought to be
time-dependent, but their sensitivity is poor below
1~keV. In order to minimize the effect of these
uncertainties in the spectral analysis presented here, the SIS data below
1.0~keV have been ignored, as have the GIS data below 0.8~keV.

We note that the SIS lower-level discriminator setting changed during the
observation. In order to assess the impact on the spectral analysis, we
generated separate SIS spectra and response matrices for each
discriminator setting. The difference between the spectra obtained with
the different discriminator settings was not significant and was much
smaller than the difference between the SIS-0 and SIS-1 spectra. We
therefore did not distinguish between data gathered with different
discriminator settings in the following analysis.

Source and background light curves were extracted in 128s bins, from
both SIS detectors, in the soft (0.5--2~keV) band. (Note that a softer
band was used for the light curves because the spectral calibration
problems above have a much smaller effect on temporal analysis.) The
two background subtracted light curves were combined to increase
signal/noise and the resulting light curve was binned by orbit (5760s)
for the temporal analysis.

\subsection{The RXTE observations}

Ark~564 was observed by {\it RXTE}\ simultaneously with {\it ASCA}\ for a
duration of 95~ksec.
Data from the top (most sensitive) layer of the
PCU array was extracted using the
\textsc{rex} reduction script supplied by NASA/GSFC.
Poor quality data were excluded on the basis of the
following acceptance criteria: the satellite is out of the South Atlantic
Anomaly; Earth elevation angle $\geq$~10\hbox{$^\circ$}; offset from optical
position of Ark~564 $\leq$~0.02\hbox{$^\circ$}; and
\textsc{electron-0}$\leq$~0.1. This last criterion removes data
with high anti-coincidence rate in the PCUs. The total `good' exposure
time selected was 42~ksec.
Data were collected from PCUs 0,1 and 2 and
the background was estimated using the L7--240 model.

As with the {\it ASCA}\ data, the background-subtracted pulse height spectrum
from the PCU array was binned to give at least 20 counts per
channel.
In the subsequent spectral fitting the
{\it RXTE}\ data below 2.5~keV have been ignored in order to avoid
calibration uncertainties, as well as above 20~keV where the
signal is almost entirely background. The hard band (3--12~keV) light
curve was extracted in 16s bins and, as with the {\it ASCA}\ light curve,
was rebinned by orbit.

\section{Spectral analysis}

\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{pl_ex_rat.ps}}
 \end{center}
 \caption {The data/model ratio from a simple power law fit to the
combined {\it RXTE}\ and {\it ASCA}\ data. The data were fitted in the hard X-ray
band using model 1 of Table 1. Note the large deviations in the
5--9~keV range and the soft excess below 1.5~keV.}
\end{figure}

The background subtracted spectra from {\it ASCA}\ and {\it RXTE}\ were fitted using
the \textsc{xspec v10.0} software package. After examining the
spectral fits separately to
check for cross-calibration problems, we then fitted the spectra from
both satellites simultaneously but with the relative normalisations free
to vary. The {\it RXTE}\ spectrum overestimates the flux in the overlapping
2.5--10~keV band compared with {\it ASCA}, but there are no
systematic differences in the shape of the spectrum.
The fitting of a simple power-law model to the combined {\it ASCA}\ and {\it RXTE}\
spectra revealed strong residuals in the 5--9~keV band and a strong soft
excess below 1.5~keV (as in Fig.~1).

\begin{table*}
\centering
\caption{Results of simultaneous fits to the {\it ASCA}\ and {\it RXTE}\ data
in the 2.5--20~keV range. The columns provide the following information:
(1) the type of spectral model (as defined in the text);
(2) the power-law photon index;
(3) and (4) the iron line energy (keV) and equivalent width (eV) respectively;
(5) the iron edge energy (keV) or the ionisation parameter;
(6) the edge depth, the column density of absorbing gas ($10^{22}$~cm$^{-2}$) or
the reflection strength;
(7) the best-fit $\chi^{2}$ and number of degrees of freedom in the fitting.}
\begin{tabular}{@{}lcccccc@{}}
Model & $\Gamma$ & E$_{line}$  & EW  & E$_{edge}$/$\xi$ &
$\tau$/N$_{H}$/R    & $\chi^{2}$/dof \\
 (1)    &  (2)     & (3)  & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7)  \\
\hline
1. PL & $2.53\pm0.02$ & -- & -- & -- & --  & 1087/1062  \\
2. PL+LINE & $2.56\pm0.02$   & $6.43^{+0.26}_{-0.12}$ & $95^{+34}_{-18}$ & -- &
--  & 1047/1060 \\
3. PL+LINE+EDGE & $2.54\pm0.02$ & $6.4^{f}$ & $95\pm28$ & $7.1^{f}$ & $<0.1$  &
1045/1060  \\
4. PL+LINE+EDGE & $2.51\pm0.02$ & $6.7^{f}$ & $74\pm30$ & $8.76^{f}$ &
$0.22\pm0.07$  & 1024/1060  \\
5. PL+LINE+EDGE & $2.51\pm0.02$ & $6.42^{+0.35}_{-0.15}$ & $67^{+27}_{-21}$ &
$8.6\pm0.5$ & $0.21\pm0.06$ & 1021/1058  \\
6. PL+ABSORI+LINE & $2.57\pm0.06$ & 6.4$^{f}$ & $66\pm28$ & $2.7^{+29.2}_{-
1.5}\times10^{4}$ & $15.7^{+15.2}_{-6.2}$ & 1019/1059 \\
7. PL+PEXRIV+LINE & $2.68^{+0.07}_{-0.03}$ & 6.4$^{f}$ & $38^{+38}_{-29}$ &
$2.4^{+12.8}_{-1.9}\times10^{3}$ & $0.7^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$ & 1016/1059 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\subsection{The 2.5--20~keV spectrum}

We first examined the spectra in the 2.5--20~keV band, ignoring
for the time being the lower energy data. A simple spectral fit using a
model consisting of a power-law continuum modified by Galactic absorption
of $N_{H}=6.4 \times 10^{20}$~cm$^{-2}$ (Dickey \& Lockman 1990) gives
a steep slope but a poor overall
fit to the data (see Table~1, model~1). In particular there are clear
deviations in the data--model residuals around 5--9~keV (see Fig.~1).

The addition of a narrow ($\sigma = 0.01$~keV) Gaussian line at 6.4~keV,
to represent K$\alpha$ emission from neutral iron (model~2), improved the fit
significantly ($>99.99$\% significance in an F-test). The best-fit
energy of the line is consistent with 6.4~keV but the width of this line
is not well constrained using these data. Even after the addition of an
iron line the residuals show a deficit at $\sim$8~keV, particularly in
the {\it RXTE}\ data. In order to quantify these features we fitted
a range of simple models (see Table~1). Specifically, we tested models
with a line and an edge at energies expected from neutral iron (model~3),
from helium-like iron (model~4), and with the line and edge energies free
to vary (model~5). The He-like features provided a better fit than neutral
features, but the best fit values lie between these two extremes (see
Fig.~2). The important point is that the iron K-edge is at an energy
clearly above that for neutral iron. We have verified that the edge
energy is not an artefact of trying to fit a possible broad emission
feature with a narrow line, by repeating the fit with lines of increasing
width, up to $\sigma=0.5$~keV. The absorption edge energy and
optical depth remained consistent with the values given above for the
narrow line fit. In particular, the measured energy of the edge implies
an origin in strongly ionised material. This could, in principle, lie
along the line of sight (a `warm absorber') or arise by reflection
from optically thick matter having a highly ionised surface layer (an
`ionised reflector').

\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{cont.ps}}
 \end{center}
 \caption{ Confidence contours for the iron K-line and -edge energies,
from
model~5, Table~1. Contours mark the 68, 90 and 99\% confidence
levels. The edge energy is clearly not consistent with a neutral iron
edge at 7.1~keV.}
\end{figure}

To pursue these alternatives we first fitted the spectra above 2.5~keV
with the \textsc{absori} warm absorber model contained within the
\textsc{xspec}
package. The free parameters were power-law slope and
normalisation, iron line equivalent width, hydrogen column density
and the ionisation parameter ($\xi= L / n r^{2}$; where
$n$ is the particle density at a distance $r$ from a source of ionising
luminosity $L$, measured in the 0.005--20~keV range). The
temperature of the absorbing gas was fixed at $10^{6}$~K. This model
provides a good fit to the data ($\chi^{2}_{\nu}=0.96$; see Table~1,
model~6). An unusually high $\xi$ is needed to explain the energy of the
iron edge, with a column density in excess of $10^{23}
\rm~cm^{-2}$. Such a highly ionised absorber, if indeed
stable, will be essentially transparent at lower energies.

As an alternative we fitted the 2.5--20~keV spectrum with the ionised
reflector model \textsc{pexriv} in \textsc{xspec} (Magdziarz \& Zdziarski
1995). This model consists of a power-law and reflection component from
ionised material but does not contain the emission lines expected
from such a reflector.
The energy of the iron line is only poorly constrained but
is consistent with emission in the range 6.3--6.7~keV (see Fig.~2).
We therefore added a narrow emission line at
6.4~keV to model the iron K$\alpha$ line.
This is not necessarily inconsistent with emission from an
ionised disc as the line is expected to be broadened and redshifted
if the emitting region is in close proximity to the central black hole.
The free parameters in the fit were the power law index and
normalisation, iron line equivalent width, the reflection strength ($R$)
and the ionisation parameter. The inclination of
the reflector was fixed at 30\hbox{$^\circ$} (a value which is unlikely to be
exceeded in NLS1s) and the elemental abundances were assumed to be solar.
The surface temperature of the reflector was
fixed at $10^{6}$~K, consistent with values expected for an ionised disc
(e.g., Ross et al.\  1999). This model also provides a good fit to the data
($\chi^{2}_{\nu}=0.96$; Table~1, model~7), comparable with the warm
absorber model, with plausible values for both $\xi$ and $R$.

\begin{table*}
\centering
\caption{Results of simultaneous fits to the {\it ASCA}\ and {\it RXTE}\ data
in the 0.8--20~keV range. The columns give the following information:
(1) the models (as defined in the text);
(2) the power law photon index;
(3) the black body temperature (eV);
(4) the disk ionisation parameter ($\xi$);
(5) the strength of the reflection component ($R$);
(6) the equivalent width of the iron K$_\alpha$ line (eV);
(7) the equivalent width of the O~\textsc{viii} recombination feature (eV);
(8) the temperature derived from the O~\textsc{viii} feature (eV);
(9) the best-fit $\chi^{2}$ and number of degrees of freedom.
Note that the model 4 fit includes {\it ROSAT}\ data. }
\begin{tabular}{@{}lcccccccc@{}}
Model & $\Gamma$ & kT & $\xi$ & R & EW$_{Fe}$ & EW$_{OVIII}$ &
kT$_{OVIII}$ & $\chi^{2}$/dof \\
 (1)    &  (2)   & (3) & (4)  & (5) & (6)   & (7)    & (8) & (9) \\
\hline
1. PL+PEXRIV & 2.68$^{f}$ & -- & 2400$^{f}$ & 0.7$^{f}$ & 38$^{f}$ & --
& -- & 2040/1564 \\
2. PL+PEXRIV+BB & $2.66\pm0.03$ & $94^{+6}_{-8}$ &
$1500^{+700}_{-600}$ & $0.6\pm0.2$ & $45\pm31$ & -- & -- &
1595/1557 \\
3. PL+PEXRIV+LINES & $2.69\pm0.03$ & -- & 1975$^{+345}_{-270}$ &
$0.9\pm0.2$ & $<47$ & $59\pm9$ & $50\pm20$ & 1596/1557 \\
4. PL+PEXRIV+LINES & $2.71\pm0.02$ & -- & 2000$^{f}$ & $0.94\pm0.08$
& $<45$ & $61\pm10$ & $45\pm12$ & 1619/1574 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\subsection{The 0.8--20~keV spectrum}

Having obtained a satisfactory description of the hard X-ray
spectrum of Ark~564 we extended our analysis to cover the 0.8--20~keV
range, but exclude the SIS data below 1.0~keV in order to avoid the
calibration uncertainties mentioned above. Applying the
ionised reflector model (with parameters as in Table~1, model~7) gave some
reduction in the `soft excess,' due to the enhanced
reflectivity of the ionised matter. However the fit (Table~2, model~1)
leaves a substantial excess flux which can be well modeled
by the addition of a $\rm~kT \approx 100$~eV black body
component (leading to $\Delta \chi^{2} > 445$; Table~2, model~2).

The steep underlying power law, enhanced by the high reflectivity of the
ionised disc, lead to a smaller black body component than would
otherwise be the case. We note, furthermore, that a more complete ionised
reflector model would include significant soft X-ray emission. Reference
to the disc reflection model recently published by Ross et al.\  (1999), suggests
that ionised oxygen features, in particular the recombination continuum
of O~\textsc{viii} (above 0.87~keV) and  the
O~\textsc{viii} Ly-$\alpha$ emission line (at 0.65~keV),
will be prominent for
values of the ionisation parameters similar to those derived for Ark~564.
Therefore, as an alternative to the black body component, we
refitted the ionised reflector model with the addition of
O~\textsc{viii} recombination at 0.87 keV (using the
\textsc{redge} model in \textsc{xspec}). The result (Table~2, model~3)
was a good fit (very similar, in statistical terms, to the
previous model) with a best fit temperature of $\sim 50$ eV
({\it i.e.} within a factor of two of our earlier assumption of a
disk temperature of $10^{6}$ K). We conclude from this that, to first order,
both the iron K features and the soft excess in the
{\it ASCA}\ and {\it RXTE}\ observation of Ark 564 can be explained in terms of
reflection
from highly ionised matter, presumably the putative accretion disc in this
NLS1. Specifically, the anomalous spectral form of Ark~564 below 2~keV
may have a natural explanation in terms of the combined effects of deep
O~\textsc{viii} and Si~\textsc{xiii} and \textsc{xiv} edges (present in
the \textsc{pexriv} reflection continuum) together with associated
recombination continuum and line emission (see Fig.~3).

One important consequence of our ionised reflector description for
Ark~564 is the need to reassess the strong `primary' soft emission
component, thought to be a major feature of NLS1 (and generally
associated with internally generated emission from the accretion disc)
and extending up to
1~keV. Indeed when we included the {\it ROSAT}\ spectrum considered by Brandt
et al.\  (1994) in our model fitting (assuming that the spectral shape of
Ark~564 is constant but allowing the relative level of the spectrum to vary
from epoch to epoch) we found that the ionised reflector, now including
O~\textsc{viii} recombination {\it and} Ly-$\alpha$ emission (the latter
with an equivalent width of $\sim 120$ eV), allowed a reasonable fit down
to 0.2 keV (Table 2, model 4).

\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{pexriv.ps}}
 \end{center}
 \caption{ Input model and data/model ratio from the {\it ASCA}\ and {\it RXTE}\
spectrum of Ark~564 (see model 3, table 2). The model spectrum (solid curve)
represents the best-fit power law plus ionised reflector (dashed curves),
including an O~\textsc{viii} recombination feature at 0.87~keV and iron line
at 6.4~keV (dotted curves). The data/model
residuals indicate a good fit, both in the iron K band and at
softer energies.}
\end{figure}

Comastri et al.\  (1998b) present a
preliminary analysis of a {\it BeppoSAX}\ observation of Ark~564.
Our interpretation of the X-ray spectrum of Ark~564 in terms of an
ionised reflector is broadly consistent with the measured {\it BeppoSAX}\ spectrum.

\begin{figure}
 \begin{center}
\rotatebox{-90}{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{xte+asca_lc.ps}}
 \end{center}
 \caption{
Light curves for soft 0.5--2~keV {\it ASCA}\ (open squares, dotted lines)
and 3--12~keV {\it RXTE}\ (solid circles, dashed lines) data in orbital bins.
The {\it ASCA}\ count rates have been scaled up by a factor of 4 for
comparison with the {\it RXTE}\ data.
Note the strong ($\gs$50\%) flare near $ T = 1.15 \times 10^5 $~sec,
which is virtually identical in phase and amplitude in both bands.
Errors are $\pm 1 \sigma$. }
\end{figure}

\section{ Temporal analysis }

These data were also used to study the variability properties of Ark~564.
Fig.~4 shows that the {\it ASCA}\ soft (0.5--2~keV) and {\it RXTE}\ hard (3--12~keV) band
light curves reveal strong flaring, with an increase of $>$50\% in
a single orbit that is almost identical in amplitude and phase in both bands.

In order to quantify the variability in Ark~564, we computed the `excess
variance' ($\sigma^2_{xs}$) in the same fashion as Nandra et al.\  (1997),
except that paper used 128s bins while we use orbital bins.
For Ark~564, the hard and soft band excess variances were measured to be
$ \sigma_{xs}^{2} = 0.0322 $ and 0.0325, respectively.
This compares with a typical value found by Nandra et al.\  (1997) for `normal'
Seyfert~1s with a similar luminosity ($ \sim 6 \times  10^{43} $~erg/s) of
$ \sigma_{xs}^{2} = 0.005 $ in the {\it ASCA}\ 0.5--10~keV band.

It is also interesting that Ark~564 shows almost identical variability
amplitudes in the hard {\it RXTE}\ and soft {\it ASCA}\ bands.
Furthermore, the hard and soft band variations track almost perfectly, with no
measurable lag, especially during the large flare. In terms of our present
model of Ark 564, in which a substantial fraction of the soft X-ray flux
is reprocessed harder radiation, the
observed limit on the lag ($_{\sim}^{<}$ 96 min), gives a maximum size for
the effective reprocessing region of $ \sim 2 \times 10^{14} $~cm.

\section{Discussion}

The simultaneous {\it ASCA}\ and {\it RXTE}\ data presented here give the first
determination of the spectrum of an `ultra-soft' NLS1 extending above
10~keV. The spectrum is extremely steep ($\Gamma \approx 2.7$) and shows
little sign of flattening at harder energies. There is good evidence
for both K-edge and line features from ionised iron
and the spectrum also shows a strong excess over the best-fit
power law below 1.5~keV. Due to calibration problems with the
{\it ASCA}\ detectors at low
energies (see Iwasawa, Fabian \& Nandra 1999), the data have not
been fitted below 0.8~keV and so the form of this soft excess is not well
determined by these data.

The existence of strong soft X-ray emission and an underlying power
law much steeper than typical of BLS1s and quasars are well established
characteristics of the X-ray spectra of NLS1s. It has been suggested that
the two features are linked, whereby Compton cooling of the hard X-ray
source (possibly in a disc corona), and hence its steeper power law, is a
consequence of the strong soft EUV flux (Pounds et al.\  1995). In this
picture, the soft component, probably peaking in the hidden EUV band, is
intrinsic emission from the accretion disc, which is expected to be
stronger in high accretion rate objects (e.g. Szuszkiewicz et al.\  1996).

In the present analysis we now find other spectral features, namely an
ionised iron K-edge and recombination emission below $\sim$1.5~keV,
indicative of reflection from an ionised disc. The higher
level of irradiation thought to occur in NLS1s would lead naturally to the
surface layers of the disc becoming strongly ionised (Matt et al.\  1993). In
contrast, the alternative interpretation we have considered for the
observed
iron K-edge, in terms of absorption in a large column of highly
ionised gas, is
less attractive, since it may well be unstable (Netzer 1996) and because
such material would be transparent in the soft X-ray band, leaving
the need for a separate explanation of the the observed
spectral
features below $\sim$2~keV.

An important consequence of the steep underlying power law of Ark~564,
enhanced at low energies both by the high reflectivity of the disc and
the additional line and recombination emission, is that the need for a primary
emission `soft excess,' at least within the observable X-ray band, must be
reconsidered when better data from e.g., {\it XMM}\ and {\it Chandra} become
available.
However, the circumstantial evidence for the soft X-ray/EUV flux to dominate
energetically in NLS1 remains persuasive, particularly in providing
a natural explanation for the steep hard power law spectrum and the
absence of broad optical lines.

Finally we note that evidence for reflection from an ionised disc has
been reported in several GBHC, exhibiting
strong, ionised edges with weak, Compton-broadened Fe lines (e.g., Zycki
et al.\  1997, 1998; but see Done \& Zycki 1999). The similarity of NLS1 to GBHC in
their high flux mode has been noted earlier (Pounds et al.\
1995). It is interesting to speculate that the reported weakness in
higher luminosity AGN (e.g. Reeves et al.\  1997), of the reflection
components commonly seen in BLS1 (George et al.\  1998), may be a due to the
accretion disc material in the former being highly ionised, with the classical
indicators of cold reflection, namely strong iron fluorescence and a
continuum hump near 10~keV, consequently reduced.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This research made use of data obtained from the LEDAS and HEASARC.
We thank Andy Young for
providing data files on the Ross et al.\  ionised disc model.
SV acknowledges a research studentship from PPARC.
RE acknowledges support from NASA grant NAG~5-3295.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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Don and his wife, Marlene, have been married for 56 years. His experience in Metropolitan DuPage's Senior Family Caregivers program began just after Marlene was diagnosed with dementia.
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Marlene was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma about four and a half years ago. She went through treatment and the cancer stabilized, but something still wasn't right. "I suspected Marlene was having memory problems for some time, but didn't really understand what was going on," he says. Once she was diagnosed with dementia, "I knew I needed to cope and went to a support group," Don says.
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At another meeting, Don shared his frustrations about not being able to see his daughter because he couldn't leave his wife alone, his guilt over leaving the house to do anything for himself, and his inability to make room for an outside caregiver due to his wife's hoarding.
"Don felt sad and overwhelmed and that his life was extremely unmanageable," Loren says. So she gave him her business card, explaining how a licensed clinical social worker could provide in-home or in-office counseling and case management services, where he could set goals and gain support in finding solutions to help him create a better life for himself and his wife. Don decided to try it.
He initially met with Helen Fitzpatrick, a social worker at our Elmhurst location, and has worked with Carol Crews for about a year now. Although he struggled at first with guilty feelings for taking the time to learn how to feel better, Loren shares that once he started working with a social worker, he learned more about the importance of self-care and how his health and well-being impacted his relationship and the care he provided for his wife. She says it was difficult for Don to grasp understanding and acceptance of the fact that his wife's treatment of him – verbal abuse, paranoia, criticisms, and inability to see any good in the care and love he gave her – was not her true feelings, but was the symptoms of dementia that controlled her brain and behaviors.
"But he didn't give up," Loren says. "He set goals with his social worker and fought to achieve them, at first against all hope that things could improve, but gradually seeing changes take place in both his perception and in the reality of his wife's physical and mental demise."
Today, Don looks ten years younger.
"The counseling has helped me a lot," Don says. "Loren and Carol are the angels that came to my rescue."
He recently completed a nine-week Stress-Busting Caregiver's Group at Metropolitan. "That was a great help and I hope they are still doing it because I think it helped all who attended the group with dealing with stress … and there's a lot of stress being a caregiver to someone with dementia."
Recently Don moved his wife to a beautiful Memory Care Center with certified dementia care specialists and medical staff. "I struggled for months over whether Marlene should be placed in a facility," he says. "Carol helped me make the decision on what to do and she was supportive throughout the whole process."
Don visits her almost daily and is slowly ridding himself of guilty feelings because he knows he is doing the right thing for them both. "I am happy to say Marlene is doing much better and is involved in many activities at the facility, and she has 'round the clock' care," he says.
Don says things are not always 100% when he visits his wife, but when old patterns of criticism and anger erupt, he is able to retreat peacefully and come back later to create better memories. "Her room faces the yard, and she will be able to plant a garden this spring, which she will love," he says.
"Don has more peace today," Loren says. He reports being less anxious and depressed, as he continues individual counseling sessions with his Metropolitan social worker Carol Crews in Elmhurst. He is spending more time with his tractor club; looking comfortable wearing a cowboy hat and boots, he says he is enjoying the smell of the dirt, the feel of the earth and the open sky again, because he is "still a farmer at heart."
Don recently shared his story at the 18th Annual DuPage Gala, which raises funds and awareness for Metropolitan Family Services DuPage. Hear Don's story in his own words in the video below.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Thoroughly updated, the 5th edition of CLINICAL RESEARCH IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY enables the graduate student and clinical researcher to design and carry out a research study from the formulation of a research hypothesis to collecting data utilizing user friendly step-by-step procedures. An introductory chapter on the history of medical research aquaints the student with the relationship between research and clinical practice. Step-by-step procedures and examples are used throughout to guide the student through the process of selecting a topic, reviewing literature, designing research protocols, selecting outcome measures, implementing research, and writing the results. Descriptive and inferential statistics are explained in a step-by-step procedure, and examples of qualitative and quantitative research are included so as to provide the student with tools to conduct their own research and evaluate current research data. A section on writing questionnaires and surveys helps students construct reliable and valid instruments, and information on scientific writing and thesis preparation is presented. Additionally, ethical considerations for informed consent are addressed, with examples of consent forms included. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.
Transcultural Cities uses a framework of transcultural placemaking, cross-disciplinary inquiry and transnational focus to examine a collection of case studies around the world, presented by a multidisciplinary group of scholars and activists in architecture, urban planning, urban studies, art, environmental psychology, geography, political science, and social work. The book addresses the intercultural exchanges as well as the cultural trans-formation that takes place in urban spaces. In doing so, it views cultures not in isolation from each other in today's diverse urban environments, but as mutually influenced, constituted and transformed. In cities and regions around the globe, migrations of people have continued to shape the makeup and making of neighborhoods, districts, and communities. For instance, in North America, new immigrants have revitalized many of the decaying urban landscapes, creating renewed cultural ambiance and economic networks that transcend borders. In Richmond, BC Canada, an Asian night market has become a major cultural event that draws visitors throughout the region and across the US and Canadian border. Across the Pacific, foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong transform the deserted office district in Central on weekends into a carnivalesque site. While contributing to the multicultural vibes in cities, migration and movements have also resulted in tensions, competition, and clashes of cultures between different ethnic communities, old-timers, newcomers, employees and employers, individuals and institutions. In Transcultural Cities Jeffrey Hou and a cross-disciplinary team of authors argue for a more critical and open approach that sees today's cities, urban places, and placemaking as vehicles for cross-cultural understanding.
This handy reference provides a library of practical information in a single volume. When the professional needs fast, up-to-date facts on a disease, disorder, or dysfunction including description, cause, assessment problems, and treatment management, this reference is the first place to turn. Quick Reference to Occupational Therapy will help the therapist assess and treat clients as well as assist in determining how to use occupational therapy in a total patient care program.
Rising concerns among scholars about the intellectual and cultural foundations of democracy have led to a revival of interest in the American philosophical tradition of pragmatism. In this book, Hans Joas shows how pragmatism can link divergent intellectual efforts to understand the social contexts of human knowledge, individual freedom, and democratic culture. Along with pragmatism's impact on American sociology and social research from 1895 to the 1940s, Joas traces its reception by French and German traditions during this century. He explores the influences of pragmatism—often misunderstood—on Emile Durkheim's sociology of knowledge, and on German thought, with particularly enlightening references to its appropriation by Nazism and its rejection by neo-Marxism. He also explores new currents of social theory in the work of Habermas, Castoriadis, Giddens, and Alexander, fashioning a bridge between Continental thought, American philosophy, and contemporary sociology; he shows how the misapprehension and neglect of pragmatism has led to systematic deficiencies in contemporary social theory. From this skillful historical and theoretical analysis, Joas creates a powerful case for the enduring legacy of Peirce, James, Dewey, and Mead for social theorists today.
Dr. Anne Cronin Mosey, author of Activities Therapy, Occupational Therapy: Configuration of a Profession, and other esteemed texts in the field of occupational therapy has produced a comprehensive and synthetic review of the diverse body of knowledge that forms the basis of psychosocial assessment and intervention and the various available intervention strategies. In addition to providing the practitioner with a sound conceptual basis for psychosocial evaluation and intervention, Psychosocial Components of Occupational Therapy is ideally suited for use as a primary text in courses related to performance components, occupational performances, social/cultural factors, human growth and development, therapeutic tools, group process/activity groups, the evaluation and intervention process, and occupational therapy for psychosocial dysfunction. It can also be used as a secondary text for courses providing an orientation to occupational therapy, for courses on occupational therapy and sensory integration, and for courses in occupational therapy with the elderly, the developmentally disabled, and the physically disabled.


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#Ferguson
Heavy Police Force On Display in Ferguson As Community Awaits Grand Jury Announcement
Cassandra Fairbanks
"I did not kill in Vietnam like you killed Mike Brown!"
Ferguson, MO-- Tensions flared up once again outside the Ferguson Police Department on Wednesday evening as a frustrated community awaits the Grand Jury decision on whether or not to charge Darren Wilson who killed unarmed teenager Michael Brown on August 9.
We arrived on the scene around 9:30pm. Cops had reportedly already been out, but had retreated back inside the building. Around 35 people were protesting peacefully, with some occasional blocking of traffic (no cars were held up for more than a few minutes). Around 9:40, riot police emerged from the building and declared an unlawful assembly.
One of the most powerful voices of the evening came from 75 year old Walter Rice, a Vietnam veteran who has spent his life living in Ferguson. The elderly gentleman came to the station with a large bucket and spoon to drum on, and eventually became over come with emotion and confronted the line of police demanding that they stop terrorizing his city and go home.
"I did not kill in Vietnam like you killed Mike Brown!" Rice emotionally proclaimed.
Only around half of the officers were wearing any identification. As usual, they would not respond to any questions or identify themselves.
The first arrest came minutes after citizen journalist and activist, Bassem Masri, had approached the police line to question officers about their lack of identification. Masri was livestreaming as he was arrested, his phone was crushed by an officer during the incident. The arrest was reportedly over four outstanding traffic tickets in the city of St. Louis.
For the rest of the evening it was a game of cat and mouse as protestors would take the streets (there were rarely any cars going by, and none were held up for long) and the riot police storming out in what most rational people would call extreme over reaction, the majority of the time snatching people up before moving back.
In total there were five arrests, including local clergy, Pastor Rebecca Ragland, who was wearing a bright orange vest with clergy clearly written across the back.
If last night was any indication of how they intend to handle post announcement protests, it does not appear they have any desire to maintain peace and will be looking to agitate and find reasons for aggression.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Spotify, Amnesty International & DHL send their newsletters with CleverReach. Why? Because its that simple! Easily create and send responsive email newsletters with the drag & drop editor. Analyze your success and optimize your newsletters. Highest safety standards: Email Marketing made in Germany since 2007! Free support & webinars. Start with your free trial today!


Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word Paris.
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It is situated on the river Seine, in the north of the country, at the heart of the Île-de-France region. Within its administrative limits, Paris has a population of about 2,230,000, and its metropolitan area is one of the largest population centres in Europe, with more than 12 million inhabitants, who are referred to as Parisians. An important settlement for more than two millennia, Paris had become, by the 12th century, one of Europe's foremost centres of learning and the arts and was the largest city in the Western world until the turn of the 18th century. Paris is today one of the world's leading business and cultural centres and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, media, science, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. Paris and the Paris region account for more than 30% of the gross domestic product of France and have one of the largest city GDPs in the world, with €607 billion in 2011. Considered as green and highly liveable, the city and its region are the world's leading tourism destination, hosting four UNESCO World Heritage Sites and many international organizations, including UNESCO and the European Space Agency.
the capital of France, in the centre of the northern half of the country, on both banks of the Seine, and on two islands (La Cité and St. Louis) in the middle, 110 m. from the sea; is the largest city on the Continent, and one of the most beautiful in the world. No city has finer or gayer streets, or so many noble buildings. The Hôtel de Cluny and the Hôtel de Sens are rare specimens of 15th-century civic architecture. The Palace of the Tuileries, on the right bank of the Seine, dates from the 16th century, and was the royal residence till the Revolution. Connected with it is the Louvre, a series of galleries of painting, sculpture, and antiquities, whose contents form one of the richest collections existing, and include the peerless "Venus de Milo." The Palais Royal encloses a large public garden, and consists of shops, restaurants, the Théâtre Français, and the Royal Palace of the Orleans family. South of the river is the Luxembourg, where the Senate meets, and on the Ile de la Cité stands the Palais de Justice and the Conciergerie, one of the oldest Paris prisons. St.-Germain-des-Prés is the most ancient church, but the most important is the cathedral of Notre Dame, 12th century, which might tell the whole history of France could it speak. Saint-Chapelle is said to be the finest Gothic masterpiece extant. The Pantheon, originally meant for a church, is the burial-place of the great men of the country, where lie the remains of Voltaire, Rousseau, and Carnot. The oldest hospitals are the Hôtel Dieu, La Charité, and La Pitié. The University Schools in the Quartier Latin attract the youth of all France; the chief are the Schools of Medicine and Law, the Scotch College, the College of France, and the Sorbonne, the seat of the faculties of letters, science, and Protestant theology. Triumphal arches are prominent in the city. There are many museums and charitable institutions; the Bibliothèque Nationale, in the Rue Richelieu, rivals the British Museum in numbers of books and manuscripts. The Palace of Industry and the Eiffel Tower commemorate the exhibitions of 1854 and 1889 respectively. Great market-places stand in various parts of the city. The Rue de Rivoli, Rue de la Paix, Rue du Faubourg St.-Honoré, and the Rue Royale are among the chief streets; beautiful squares are numerous, the most noted being the Place de la Concorde, between the Champs Elysées and the Gardens of the Tuileries, in the centre of which the Obelisk of Luxor stands on the site of the guillotine at which Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, Philippe Egalité, Danton, and Robespierre died. Boulevards lined with trees run to the outskirts of the city. The many roads, railways, canals, and rivers which converge on Paris have made it the most important trading centre in France, and the concourse of wealthy men of all nations has given it a high place in the financial world. It is a manufacturing city, producing jewellery, ornamental furniture, and all sorts of artistic "articles de Paris." The centre of French, and indeed European, fashion, it is noted for its pleasure and gaiety. The concentration of Government makes it the abode of countless officials. It is strongly fortified, being surrounded by a ring of forts, and a wall 22 m. long, at the 56 gates of which the octroi dues are levied. The Préfect of the Seine, appointed by the Government, and advised by a large council, is the head of the municipality, of the police and fire brigades, cleansing, draining, and water-supply departments. The history of Paris is the history of France, for the national life has been, and is, in an extraordinary degree centred in the capital. It was the scene of the great tragic drama of the Revolution, and of the minor struggles of 1830 and 1849. In recent times its great humiliation was its siege and capture by the Germans in 1870-71.
the second son of Priam and Hecuba; was exposed on Mount Ida at his birth; brought up by a shepherd; distinguished himself by his prowess, by which his parentage was revealed; married Oenonë (q. v.); appealed to to decide to whom the "apple of discord" belonged, gave it to Aphrodité in preference to her two rivals Hera and Athena; was promised in return that he should receive the most beautiful woman in the world to wife, Helen of Sparta, whom he carried off to Greece, and which led to the Trojan War (q. v.); slew Achilles, and was mortally wounded by the poisoned arrows of Hercules.
Song lyrics by paris -- Explore a large variety of song lyrics performed by paris on the Lyrics.com website.
Called by the Romans Lutetia Parisiorum, a name signifying the collection of mud huts inhabited by the Parisii, a Gallic tribe conquered by them.
paris is worth a mass.
Paris will not solve all, of course.
This is the only distillery in Paris.
"Paris." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2019. Web. 19 Apr. 2019. <https://www.definitions.net/definition/Paris>.


lwd wrote: I seam to recall something similar. Although I don't remember if the Gemans were planning on intervening to support the Spanish or just to grap part of the Philipines for themeselves or some combination.
Another thought - 1898 was the year that Kaiser Wilhelm ii purchased those Pacific island groups - the Marshall, Palau and Mariana from Spain - possibly that was connected with it.
A while back Ken Thompson wrote: "The success of the 8 inch gun in the Philippines encouraged the US Navy to load up the subsequent battleships with the 8 inch guns as the intermediate battery. Going to the extreme with a 2 story main turret."
Incorrect: The USS Kearsarge & Kentucky, which introduced the 2 story turret, had been authorized back in 1895 & their keels laid in 1896 - well before the Span-Am War. The first generation US BB's, the Indiana class & the Iowa 9completed in 1895 & 96) all carried an intermediate armament of 8 - 8" guns in 4 turrets at the corners of the superstructure. This arrangement however, left little room for secondary guns, 4 - 6" BL on the Indiana class & 6 - 4" QF on the Iowa. The 2 story turret was an attempt to preserve the 4 - 8" intermediate guns on the broadside while providing more room for an effective secondary armament,in the case of the Kearsarge class 14 - 5" QF.
The 2 story would be re-introduced with the 5 ship Virginia class some 5 years latter for much the same reasons, however its many drawbacks meant it would never be tried by any other Navy. In any case the Dreadnought quickly put an end to the use of Intermediate Batteries.
One thing I have always found curious about this conflict is its timing and the fact that Spain had no allies, such as for example Mexico or even Germany, where one of the ego trips of Kaiser Wilhelm II was to seize Panama (I am aware that that was post this war, but you get the idea).
Spanish foreign policy on that era was called "Recogimiento" or "seclusion", a kind of isolationism. The borbonic restauration regime (1875-1931) was centered, most over all, on maintaining spanish political stability after decades of uneasiness, and tried to avoid foreign compromises in order not to break internal social peace.
Of course that had the consequence of complete loneliness when spanish american war broke out, and this made looking for new alliances a priority on the aftermath of the disaster.
Regarding the USS Vesuvius and her experimental artillery, the same kind of pneumatic dinamite gun -Hmmm maybe smaller in caliber?- was fitted on the Holland to fire grenades underwater. Both J.P. Holland and Zalinsky wanted to try the new weapon bombarding Spanish coastal batteries at Havana with the submarine submerged, at night, and thus completely invulnerable. USN refused to do so -wisely, the success of the strike being doubtful at best, didn't worth the risk to lose the boat.
Those fixed pneumatic guns had no arc of fire and were useless at naval combat; When shooting at static targets was always short and inaccurate as well.
According to Friedman, the unusual (By the time they were designed) heavy secondary artillery layout of Indiana class battleships was due to the lack of appropriate medium caliber quick firing guns at the moment in USN; The designers exchanged rate of fire for striking power in that case. USS Iowa followed the same path and USS Kearsarge definitely introduced a proper QF secondary battery in the form of 14 - 5 inchers; Retaining 8 inchers was a wise move as it proved a very effective caliber at span-am war, and predreadnoughts would soon start having intermediate artillery between QF guns and heavy guns.


If you're an early riser, you can see 3 planets in the morning sky-look east, Venus is the brightest, Saturn above right and Mercury below left This Weeks Sky at a Glance – SkyandTelescope.com.
Log in | 42 queries. 0.416 seconds.


Appointment of Ms. Tomasa Bean for a term expiring February 2, 2010.
Ms. Bean will fill the unexpired term of Dr. Awadh A. Binhazim.
Appointment of Mr. Vince Wyatt for a term expiring August 31, 2010.
Appointment of Ms. Jane Grimes for a term expiring February 5, 2010.
Ms. Grimes will fill the unexpired term of Mr. Elliott Mitchell.
Appointment of Mr. Alvin Hayes for a term expiring August 21, 2012.
Mr. Hayes will serve as the business representative.
Reappointment of Ms. Jennifer Brundige for a term expiring October 10, 2010.
Reappointment of Ms. Helen S. Rogers for a term expiring October 10, 2010.
Reappointment of Mr. Tom Turner for a term expiring October 10, 2010.
Reappointment of Ms. Ruthie Brown Cherry for a term expiring October 1, 2010.
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by amending the Aldi Planned Unit Development (formerly Maxwell Brothers Produce Market) located on a portion of property at 1645 Bell Road, at the northwest corner of Bell Road and Benzing Road, zoned CL (2.94 acres), to permit the development of a l-story, 17,694 square foot retail establishment, replacing a 2,250 square foot retail establishment and to add the remainder of Parcel 41 to the boundaries of the PUD, all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 93P-004U-12).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by changing from R8, R10, and CS zoning districts to SP zoning to create a new specific plan known as "Bakertown Specific Plan" for properties along Antioch Court, Antioch Pike, Bakertown Road, Cherokee Court, Cherokee Hills Drive, Cherokee Place, Ezell Road, Gasser Drive, Haystack Lane, Jansing Drive, Luna Drive, Rader Drive, and Spann Court (87.79 acres), to establish development and sign standards, and regulate land uses, all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2008SP-023U-13).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by applying the Institutional Overlay District to Aquinas College which is part of the Dominican Campus located at 4210 A Harding Pike, approximately 2,270 feet east of White Bridge Pike (46.28 acres), zoned R8, for a campus master plan containing a student recreation building, academic buildings, student center, several chapels, a library, a dining hall, an administration building, and several dormitories, all of which is described here in (Proposal No. 2008IN-001U-10).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by amending BL2007-1512 of the previously approved Myatt Drive Thornton's Specific Plan for property located at the southeast corner of Anderson Lane and Myatt Drive (1.87 acres), approved for a 3,740 square foot automobile convenience market with 7 gas pumps, and to permit a 3,755 square foot automobile convenience market with 8 gas pumps, all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2006SP-162G-04).
106, Part of Parcel 172 Summit Holladay Partners, Inc.
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by changing from R10 to SP zoning a portion of property located at Elm Hill Pike (unnumbered), approximately 2,400 feet west of Massman Drive (3.9 acres), to permit an access drive to Elm Hill Pike, all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2008SP-027U-14).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by changing from RS15 and AR2a to RS80 zoning along Bakers Grove Road, Couchville Pike, Granny White Lane, Hobson Pike, Mt. Juliet Road, Palimino Place, Pugh Road, Stewarts Ferry Pike, and Thoroughbred Drive (2265.98 acres), all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2008Z-078G-13).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by applying a Neighborhood Conservation Overlay for various properties on both sides of Whitland Avenue between Wilson Boulevard South and Bowling Avenue, zoned R8 (19.61 acres), all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2008Z-079U-10).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by changing from CN to R8 zoning property located at 2616 Buena Vista Pike, approximately 900 feet north of W. Trinity Lane (0.52 acres), all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2008Z-075U-03).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by amending BL2007-1482 of the previously approved Mt. Laurel Reserve Specific Plan for property located at Hicks Road (unnumbered), approximately 1,160 feet east of Sawyer Brown Road (36.25 acres), to permit the development of 129 townhomes where 106 townhomes were previously approved, all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2007SP-081G-06).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by changing from R10 to CL district property located at 2918 Lebanon Pike, at the northwest corner of Lebanon Pike and Guill Court (1.4 acres), all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2008Z-064U-14).
An ordinance to amend Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code of Laws, the Zoning Ordinance of The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, by changing from S7.5, R8, and CS to SP zoning properties located at 2832 Whites Creek Pike and Rowan Drive (unnumbered), approximately 1,510 feet south of Briley Parkway (91.97 acres), to permit the development of a mixed retail, office, warehouse and industrial campus and open space, all of which is described herein (Proposal No. 2008SP-025U-03).
An ordinance amending Section 17.08.030 of Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code, Zoning Regulations, by making certain automobile and heavy equipment repair, services, and sales uses permitted only within the Specific Plan (SP) district (Proposal No. 2008Z-087T).
An ordinance amending Chapter 17.20 of Title 17 of the Metropolitan Code, Zoning Regulations, pertaining to the parking requirements for after hours establishments (Proposal No. 2008Z-086T).
A resolution recognizing Executive Director Ann Roberts of the Historical Commission of Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County on the occasion of her retirement.
A resolution recognizing Linda Borum, Administrative Assistant of the Metropolitan Codes Department Zoning Division, on the occasion of her retirement from service with the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County.
A resolution recognizing Metropolitan Nashville Davidson County Police Department Deputy Chief Joseph Bishop on the occasion of his retirement.
A resolution recognizing Metro Police Canine Officer Jerry Denton and his partner Roscoe.
A resolution recognizing and congratulating Dr. Barbara Corso Ide of Thurgood Marshall Middle School on being named the 2008 National Distinguished Principal for the State of Tennessee.
A resolution recognizing the Bellevue Family YMCA and FiftyForward J. L. Turner Center on its 2nd Anniversary.
A resolution recognizing and acknowledging Metropolitan Social Services on the first anniversary of becoming accredited as meeting best practice standards.
A resolution recognizing Vanderbilt's Expanded Aid Program.


Susan Lucci at the "All My Children" awards party for the Daytime Emmys at Lavo Nightclub.
Sunday night the cast of "All My Children" hosted a post awards party at Lavo at the Palazzo. Show matriarch Susan Lucci was joined by a number of cast members from "All My Children" and several other soaps, including Brittany Allen, who won a Daytime Emmy for Best Actress. Also taking in the celebration on Lavo's expansive patio were Rebecca Budig, Christina Lind, Trent Garrett, Stephanie Gatschet, Denise Vasi, Alicia Minshew, Jordi Vilasuso, Natalie Hall, Brandon Barash, Sarah Glendening and Bree Williamson. The cast was presented with a cake commemorating the show.
Also spotted at Lavo on Sunday was Giuliana Rancic, who stopped by for dinner after co-hosting the Miss USA Pageant at Planet Hollywood Resort. She enjoyed signature dishes including the Kobe meatball, tuna tartare and Oreo zeppole.
Bravo's Andy Cohen dined at Tao Asian Bistro after co-hosting the Miss USA Pageant.
Susan Lucci and a colleague with a custom cake at the "All My Children" awards party for the Daytime Emmys at Lavo Nightclub.


Shot Suwanee day up in Suwanee yesterday. There was a parade, inflatables, food, music and craft vendors. Apparently there were a lot of these going on yesterday, my friend Sara Guevara who works at The Gainesville Times shot some as well for cities her paper covers.
Posted in Events, Gwinnett Daily Post, NewsTagged festival, georgia, parade, suwaneeBookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: Rails: How to avoid drawn out urls with nested models I've noticed that doubly nested urls have nasty urls. Is there a way to "prettify" these without changing the model relationships? Or is it cleaner to change model relationships. Say comments-->answers-->questions and change how they interact?

A: I recommend you take a read through the Rails Routing guide. It will give you all of the information you need to create beautiful custom URLs: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html

A: You can define your own routes in the routes.rb file and have them point to whatever you want.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Stories by Channelworld staff
Forrester: Cognos leads enterprise BI market
By Channelworld staff | 20 August, 2008 04:38
Cognos, an IBM company, has announced that Forrester Research has recognized Cognos as a market leader in BI reporting and analysis platforms, according to the July 2008 report, The Forrester Wave: Enterprise Business Intelligence Platforms, Q3 2008. Forrester cited Cognos as a leader based on the company's strategy, market presence, and current offering of Cognos 8 BI v8.3.
Fujitsu Global Mobile Platform commences operations
Fujitsu Microelectronics Asia (FMAL) has announced the commencement of operations of Fujitsu Global Mobile Platform (FMPI), a joint venture established based on a memorandum of understanding (MOU) tied between Fujitsu's former LSI business divisions (currently a separate entity, Fujitsu Microelectronics, FML) and the Institute for Information Industry (III) of Taiwan.
Gartner: Global cell phone sales will rise 11 percent in '08
Gartner is projecting 11 percent growth in global sales of cell phones and related devices in 2008, citing healthy sales in the first half of the year. The projection means that 1.28 billion phones will be sold this year, up from 1.15 billion sold in 2007, Gartner said in a statement.
Nokia takes navigation to the next level
Taking navigation and maps to the next level, Nokia recently introduced Nokia 6210 Navigator the company's first GPS-enabled mobile device with an integrated in-map compass for pedestrian guidance.
Lenovo dives into sub-notebook computing with netbooks
Lenovo has announced it is entering the ultraportable notebook PC or 'netbook' market with the IdeaPad S9 and S10 netbooks. Lenovo designed the super-slim, super-small netbooks to complement a customer's primary Lenovo PC or as a first-time, introductory PC purchase. The netbooks allow users to do simple activities such as connect to the Internet, check and write emails, listen to music and perform basic applications. Approximately one inch thin with models weighing just over two pounds, the IdeaPad netbooks typify thin and light design.
McAfee to acquire Reconnex & redefine data protection market
McAfee announced a definitive agreement to acquire Reconnex for US$46 million in cash. Reconnex is a leading data loss prevention (DLP) company with unique technology that learns and adapts to automate the ongoing protection of data. "Data protection is the number one concern of chief information security officers, but today's DLP solutions take too long to deploy and obtain results," said Dave DeWalt, chief executive officer and president of McAfee. "With the pending acquisition of Reconnex, McAfee expects to redefine the entire data protection market by bringing together a leader in the hottest segment with our comprehensive portfolio of data protection technologies. We expect that this will enable us to leapfrog other data protection vendors and to reinforce our position as the largest dedicated security company."
McAfee: Many SMEs in denial about security
By Channelworld staff | 23 July, 2008 22:00
McAfee has announced the release of startling research that reveals the true cost of cyber attacks on small and medium sized businesses (SMEs). A key misconception revealed by the survey is that many SMEs feel they are too small to be targets for cybercriminals.
Alcatel-Lucent to acquire Motive
By Channelworld staff | 18 June, 2008 19:25
Alcatel-Lucent has announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Motive, provider of service management software for broadband and mobile data services, through a cash tender offer for all outstanding Motive shares at a price of US$2.23 per share, representing a value of approximately $67.8 million.
HDS appoints new senior VP and GM for Asia Pacific
By Channelworld staff | 28 May, 2008 21:59
Hitachi Data Systems (HDS), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hitachi has announced the appointment of Mark Kay as Senior Vice President and General Manager of Asia Pacific, effective immediately. Having worked with the organization for nearly 20 years, Mark brings a wealth of experience and knowledge to his new role. He will provide sales direction and leadership to the region and work actively to improve coverage, strengthen and enhance the channel strategy and leverage Hitachi's broad range of solutions to accelerate growth of the company's revenue and market share.
Citrix, Microsoft unveil branch office app-delivery solution
Citrix and Microsoft announced at Citrix Synergy the immediate availability of Citrix Branch Repeater, a new line of branch office appliances developed and marketed as part of a strategic alliance between the two companies. By staging the delivery of applications and Windows services closer to branch office users, Citrix Branch Repeater helps make branch office computing faster and more cost-effective for companies.
Intel's largest channel event in APAC kicks off
By Channelworld staff | 25 April, 2008 22:29
Kicking off Intel's largest and most eagerly awaited annual channel conference in Asia Pacific, Navin Shenoy, Intel's vice president, Sales and Marketing Group and general manager, Asia Pacific, highlighted a strong year of growth in the Asia Pacific channel. "The channel represents 35 percent of our business in Asia Pacific," said Shenoy. "We want to give back to our customers by continuing to deliver the industry's most compelling value propositions for the channel and helping our partners grow their businesses in 2008," he said.
Logitech unveils game controller
Swiss-based Logitech recently unveiled a new game controller with an innovative built-in fan-based cooling system, designed to keep the hands of gamers cool and dry - even during intense competition. The Logitech ChillStream controller for PC is the only new game controller to offer this exclusive, patented technology.
D-Link takes top spot in draft 802.11N
By Channelworld staff | 13 March, 2008 18:57
D-Link is the leader in Draft 802.11n Wi-Fi product shipments worldwide, showing significant growth in Q4 2007 and surpassing nearest competitors Linksys and Belkin, according to leading analyst firm In-Stat.


Paris (AFP) – Hedi Slimane, the designer who pioneered the skinny look at Dior and Saint Laurent, is to take over at Celine, the brand's owners said Sunday.
The 49-year-old French-born creator is one of fashion's biggest and most enigmatic names, and his future has been surrounded by speculation since he walked away from Saint Laurent last year.
The luxury giant LVMH, which owns Celine, has given Slimane complete control of the brand's images and creative side in order to sign him up — a concession which put him alongside Chanel's Karl Lagerfield as one of the most powerful designers in fashion.
He has also been given his head to create a menswear line at the label, which up until now only made clothes for women.
Announcing the surprise appointment, Bernard Arnault, the owner of LVMH, said: "He is one of the most talented designers of our time.
"Hedi will oversee and develop all creativity for both women's and men's fashion, but also for leather goods, accessories and fragrances," he added.
"He will leverage his global vision and unique aesthetic virtuosity in further building an iconic French fashion house," he added.
Lagerfeld, who famously shed 41 kilos (90 pounds) in order to squeeze into his Slimane's skinny jean, was the first to cheer the news.
Like Lagerfeld, Slimane is a renowned photographer, and he has spent the last few years living in Los Angeles, where he had moved his studio at the end of his reign at Saint Laurent.
The designer drew much of his inspiration from the LA rock, which he tirelessly documented with his photographs.
AFP understands that he will that will continue to live in the city while he designs for Celine.
"I am delighted to join Bernard Arnault in this all-embracing and fascinating mission for Celine," Slimane said.
Slimane will be reunited with Sidney Toledano, one of fashion's most influential backroom figures, at Celine.
The pair were a formidable team at Dior where Slimane was a huge trendsetter until his departure in 2012, designing for the late rock star David Bowie, with his skinny silhouette dominating men's style for nearly a decade.


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Girl Scout cookie sales deliver new skills and sweet outcomes for young women across East Tennessee
For some, the best season of the year has arrived. No, it's not football season, and it's not holiday season. It's Girl Scout cookie season! A beloved tradition for Girl Scout troops, their supporters, families and cookie lovers across East Tennessee, the Girl Scout Cookie Program is sweeter than the standard fundraiser. Girl Scouts utilizes cookie sales to teach young … Read More
Annoor Academy of Knoxville team takes top honors in Future City Competition
LDA Engineering hosts regional STEM event for students to address solutions to sustainability issues A team from Annoor Academy of Knoxville won first place in the Future City Competition, a middle school science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) program, and will move to the national competition in February in Washington, DC. For the sixth consecutive year, LDA Engineering has participated … Read More
Beat the freeze: Dropping temps could mean damaged devices
UScellular offers five tips for protecting smart devices in extreme winter weather This winter could be colder and snowier than normal, according to the U.S. Winter Outlook released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). While winter safety is top of mind for families, pets and homes, smart devices should not be overlooked. It is important to keep devices … Read More
KCDC achieves continued accreditation by National Institute of Governmental Purchasing
Knoxville's Community Development Corporation's (KCDC) Procurement Division once again has earned top accreditation by the National Institute of Governmental Purchasing, a designation it has held since 2006. NIGP: The Institute for Public Procurement recognized KCDC with Accreditation for Quality Public Procurement Departments (QPPD), which acknowledges excellence in sound procurement practices and places KCDC in a group of elite procurement organizations. … Read More
The Trust Company of Tennessee adds Lenaghan as human resources coordinator
The Trust Company of Tennessee has hired Margaret "Nicole" Lenaghan as human resources coordinator, based in the firm's Knoxville office. Founded in 1987 and with offices in Chattanooga, Knoxville and the Tri-Cities, The Trust Company of Tennessee currently has more than $4.5 billion under management. The firm helps individuals, families, business owners and nonprofits make better financial decisions through wealth … Read More
UScellular kicks off eighth annual Black History Month Art Contest with Boys & Girls Clubs of the Tennessee Valley
In honor of Martin Luther King Jr. Day, UScellular and Boys & Girls Clubs of the Tennessee Valley and Boys & Girls Clubs of the Ocoee Region have kicked off the eighth annual Black History Month Art Contest. Boys & Girls Clubs members are encouraged to create original pieces of artwork representing influential Black icons in science, technology, engineering and … Read More
Hillcrest Healthcare's Beverly Park Place earns spot on Newsweek's Best Nursing Homes 2023
Beverly Park Place, one of three Hillcrest Healthcare communities in Knoxville, has been recognized as the No. 5 top provider in Tennessee on the Newsweek Best Nursing Homes 2023 list. This is the fourth consecutive year that the facility has earned the national recognition. Located at 5321 Beverly Park Circle, Beverly Park Place provides skilled nursing, rehabilitation services and Alzheimer's … Read More
The Christman Company hires Baker as project engineer
Camden Baker has joined The Christman Company as a project engineer in the construction management and real estate development firm's office in Knoxville, Tennessee. "Through internships Camden completed at The Christman Company, we saw his enthusiasm and potential and are so glad to now welcome him to our team full time," said Marty Gibbs, senior vice president and general manager … Read More
Coldwell Banker Wallace announces new partner as part of strategic future growth
Coldwell Banker Wallace (CBW) has been innovating the future of real estate since 1936, and its most recent announcement of Andrew McGranaghan as partner is the next step in the evolution of this family-owned company's strategic journey. McGranaghan affiliated with the company in 2016 as a residential sales agent and was named director of agent services in 2020. Now a … Read More
Tranzonic Companies hires Millsaps as director of environmental health and safety
Tranzonic Companies has hired Ronald Millsaps as director of environmental health and safety (EHS) at the national manufacturing firm's Hardin Valley location. Millsaps is responsible for creating and coordinating programs that reduce accidents, injuries and losses at the company's Knoxville locations and for facilities in California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Ohio and Nevada. "Ronald brings a keen eye and so much relevant … Read More