Just a quickie today: Mr. H and I realized that if we didn't plan it, we were going to miss the latest Cindy Sherman* show at MoMA. So, we stayed in town and went this morning.
My friends, it was really fantastic. One of the highlights for me was the complete collection of her "Film Still" series from the seventies. It has probably been more than twenty years since I had seen any of them, much less all of them together. And they feel as fresh and relevant today as they must have then — and to me when I first saw the in the early nineties in school. I also loved the "fashion" photos from the eighties (the ones from the nineties didn't do as much for me) and her work during the last four years depicting well-to-do women of a Certain Age.
Over lunch, Mr. H and I discussed the show (as well as the yummy menu at the Bar Room at The Modern), and agreed that one of the things we liked best was that while obviously "feminist", Sherman's work doesn't seem to be beat you over the head with the problem of women being objectified and stereotyped, but rather points out the plain fact that women are objectified and stereotyped. And through that lens (no pun intended) she sort of probes the results and the ways in which women Get On With It. And although there are many uncomfortable moments, the work is also witty, insightful and visually stimulating. If only I could take a trip to her brain…maybe Google will work on that after their browser glasses. In the meantime, I will just enjoy the parts that she shares with us in her photographs.
Naturally, there was also a few bottles of champagne and cheese doodles to round of the High-Low affair. A most excellent way to kick off another year.
It gets out all the lint and other things that shouldn't be there, which can make one feel much more on top of things in under five minutes.
Forsythia in full bloom by my back fence.
The azalea tree outside the kitchen window, complete with bumble bee!
But with all these lovely things comes the unlovely me at this time of year: Puffy, teary eyes, stuffy head and the nose of someone who's been into the Scotch more than a few times that day. Not pretty. Or comfortable for that matter. But I carry on during Allergy Season armed with a number of OTC salves and several reliable "Librarian Chic" outfits for days when I simply cannot get those contact lenses in my eyes.
A gift from a friend who knows of my love of these things.
My "something blue" from my wedding day.
And one from my Grandmother's wardrobe that I love having with me, allergy season or not.
* Yes, more hearts and a fair amount of clover. I've already told you of my love of hearts, so no surprise there. The heart hankies are also perfect for weddings, at which I always cry. And the clover reminds me of my Grandfather, who was a gardener and brought me a flat of them every year when I was little. So yes, I am sentimental, if you haven't already noodled that one out.
I just love the combination of pink cherry blossoms and the acid green leaves of the taller trees. It always reminds me of the NYCB sets of George Ballanchine's* "A Midsummer Night's Dream", one of the prettiest ballets you'll ever see.
A shot of some greenery and our nearby church down the avenue. True, we aren't really parishioners, but I do love hearing the bells chime during the day — especially at vespers. It reminds me to stop and take a moment.
Our neighbors love all holidays and decorate the tree outside their house for every one you could think of. (Seriously. Every one.) For over ten years, this has been one of my favorite things about our block…these folks have a lot of heart.
But I am sure it will be done soon. Yup. Very soon. I am sure of it.
Enjoy whatever holiday you may be celebrating, including the one called "The Weekend".
And I highly recommend Somewhere, a biography of Mr. Robbins and Nureyev: The Life if you find yourself getting hooked. There are many, many others, but these are both riveting.
You are currently viewing the archives for April, 2012 at Some Cozy Night.


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Q: Add SQL data to URL with PHP I have some basic code which selects data from a database and echo's it into a HTML table and also add's a link to the echo'd out data. This all works fine. What I want to do is add another piece of data from my database (product_id) to the URL. Here is the code:
<?php
$con=mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","db_test");
// Check connection
if (mysqli_connect_errno())
  {
  echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: " . mysqli_connect_error();
  }
$result = mysqli_query($con,"SELECT * FROM tbl_products");

echo "

Products:

";

while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result))
  {
  echo "
";
  echo "" . $row['product_name'] . "	";
  echo "
";
  }
echo "
";

mysqli_close($con);
?>

I want to add product_id from my database at the end of
<a href='product.php?id='

so the product_id becomes the ID of the page. How would I do this? I have experimented but it has resulted in numerous errors. I am sure this is a simple syntax thing but it' s bugging me.

A: You are closing the tag A before placing your data into href.
I think it should work:
echo "

Products:

";

while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result))
  {
  echo "
";
  echo "" . $row['product_name'] . "	";
  echo "
";
  }
echo "
";

Answer back if it doesn't work.

A: The problem is you should put the '> after " . $row['product_name'] . " so that the line would read:
 echo "" . $row['product_name'] . "	";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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REQUEST TO REMOVEMassive jobs blow for Belmullet - Mayo Advertiser - July 03, 2009.
To integrate ICT into learning and teaching, it is vital to have the correct type of equipment available in the classroom.


3) Of Sold .A Heart-stopping Story Of Lies, Brutality And Fear. British Girl Megan Stephens Tells The True Story Of How An.
3) of Sold .A heart-stopping story of lies, brutality and fear. British girl Megan Stephens tells the true story of how an idyllic Mediterranean holiday turned into an.
About The 3) of Sold .A heart-stopping story of lies, brutality and fear. British girl Megan Stephens tells the true story of how an idyllic Mediterranean holiday turned into an.
British girl Megan Stephens tells the true story of how an idyllic Mediterranean holiday turned into an unimaginable nightmare when she was tricked into becoming a victim of human trafficking and held captive for six years by deception, threats and violence.
More from 3) Of Sold .A Heart-stopping Story Of Lies, Brutality And Fear. British Girl Megan Stephens Tells The True Story Of How An.
Mistletoe and Mayhem: A cosy, chaotic Christmas read!


text:
Q: How can I open a high chart in a modal window when the chart is clicked on? New to high charts and javascript and want to know how to open up a new modal window of that chart when per a click event?

A: Take look at click event on chart.
 chart: {
        events: {
            click: function(event) {
                alert ('x: '+ event.xAxis[0].value +', y: '+
                      event.yAxis[0].value);
            }
        }
    },

http://jsfiddle.net/vqCMA/
http://api.highcharts.com/highcharts#chart.events.click


Center for Functional Nanomaterials collaborators (left to right) Atikur Rahman, Kevin Yager, and Pawel Majewski examining the precise, custom-designed nanoscale grids scene on the monitors.
Scanning electron microscope image of a self-assembled platinum lattice, false-colored to show the two-layer structure. Each inner square of the nanoscale grid is just 34 nanometers on each side.
Scanning electron microscope image of a three-layer platinum mesh. The colored inset shows each distinct layer of the nanoscale grid.
Illustration of the experiment showing the sweeping laser inducing intense heat that both accelerates polymer self-assembly and precisely aligns the nano-cylinders that form the foundation of the final grid.
UPTON, NY—Down at the nanoscale, where objects span just billionths of a meter, the size and shape of a material can often have surprising and powerful electronic and optical effects. Building larger materials that retain subtle nanoscale features is an ongoing challenge that shapes countless emerging technologies.
Now, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a new technique to rapidly create nano-structured grids for functional materials with unprecedented versatility.
The results—published online June 23 in the journal Nature Communications—could transform the manufacture of high-tech coatings for anti-reflective surfaces, improved solar cells, and touchscreen electronics.
The scientists synthesized the materials at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) and characterized the nanoscale architectures using electron microscopy at CFN and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light Source—both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
The new technique relies on polymer self-assembly, where molecules are designed to spontaneously assemble into desired structures. Self-assembly requires a burst of heat to make the molecules snap into the proper configurations. Here, an intensely hot laser swept across the sample to transform disordered polymer blocks into precise arrangements in just seconds.
For the first step in grid construction, the team took advantage of their recent invention of laser zone annealing (LZA) to produce the extremely localized thermal spikes needed to drive ultra-fast self-assembly.
To further exploit the power and precision of LZA, the researchers applied a heat-sensitive elastic coating on top of the unassembled polymer film. The sweeping laser's heat causes the elastic layer to expand—like shrink-wrap in reverse—which pulls and aligns the rapidly forming nanoscale cylinders.
To make these two-dimensional grids functional, the scientists converted the polymer base into other materials.
One method involved taking the nano-cylinder layer and dipping it into a solution containing metal salts. These molecules then glom onto the self-assembled polymer, converting it into a metallic mesh. A wide range of reactive or conductive metals can be used, including platinum, gold, and palladium.
They also used a technique called vapor deposition, where a vaporized material infiltrates the polymer nano-cylinders and transforms them into functional nano-wires.
The first completed nano-wire array acts as the foundation of the full lattice. Additional layers, each one following variations on that same process, are then stacked to produce customized, crisscrossing configurations—like chain-link fences 10,000 times thinner than a human hair.
Study coauthor Atikur Rahman, a CFN postdoctoral researcher, added, "We can stack metals on insulators, too, embedding different functional properties and interactions within one lattice structure.
LZA is precise and powerful enough to overcome interface interactions, allowing it to drive polymer self-assembly even on top of complex underlying layers. This versatility enables the use of a wide variety of materials in different nanoscale configurations.


How were vintage rag rugs made?
Vintage rag rugs are the ultimate in 'waste not want not' chic. They are made from pieces of scrap material woven together on a loom- everything from old dresses to denim jeans and stockings can find their way into a rag rug.
At Beyond France we source our vintage rag rugs from Hungary and Sweden. In these countries the houses were often on one level with central doors going from room to room. This meant that the rag rugs were often very long.
These days to account for smaller rooms, we cut the rugs down and bind the edges with vintage fabrics.
If you wondered how to clean a rag rug, then we recommend putting them on a cool wash and hanging to dry - they are old clothes after all.
If you have a specific sized rag rug in mind, don't hesitate to get in touch and we can advise what is currently available or what we can cut to size.
Check out the array of colourful vinagte rag rugs that we currently have available here.


text:
Home / Bollywood Actress / Tamil Actress / telugu Actress
Shamita Shetty Family Husband Son Daughter Father Mother Marriage Photos Biography Profile.
Shamita Shetty is an actress and Indian interior designer from Bollywood. She made her debut with the Mohabbatein blockbuster in 2000. Her performance of Ishika earned her the IIFA award for the star of the year. She has appeared in a few films later, and her notable work includes Mother Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai (2002), Zeher (2005), Bewafa (2005) and Cash (2007). She was a candidate on the Bigg Boss reality show in 2009 [4]. She is the sister of actress Shilpa Shetty.
Real Name : Shamita Shetty
Profession : Actress and Interior designer
Date of Birth : 2 February 1979
Born In : Chembur, Mumbai, India
Zodiac Sign : Aquarius
Husband : Unknown
Son : Unknown
Father : Surendra Shetty
Mother : Sunanda Shetty
Sister : Shilpa Shetty
Father, Mother and Sister
Hobbies : Gymming
Favorite Color : White
Favorite Actress : Madhuri Dixit
Favorite Actor : Shah Rukh Khan, Aamir Khan, Ranveer Singh and R Madhavan
School : Saint Anthony's Girls' High School, Mumbai
College/ University : Sydenham College, Mumbai
SNDT Women's University, Mumbai
Educational and Qualification : Bachelor of Commerce
Diploma in Fashion Designing
Shamita Shetty Photo
She made her film debut in 2000 with the blockbuster Yash Raj Films directed by Aditya Chopra. Her interpretation of Ishika earned her the 2001 IIFA Award for the Star of the Year - Feminine. Soon after, she gave the best dance numbers to Bollywood, including "Sharara Sharara" in Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai (2001) and "Chori Pe Chori" in Saathiya (2002), to be appreciated for her role in the film Zeher (2005). ), where she was named star of the year - women's award at Stardust (2006). She once worked with her sister Shilpa Shetty in Fareb. She has also participated in multi-star projects like Cash (2007) and Bewafa (2005). Along with her acting career , she decided to focus on her other love, namely interior design. She designed Royalty (a club in Mumbai), Chandigarh Iosis Spa (the best indoor Won Award at Asia spa awards) and a few other properties overseas. She has a registered company called "Golden Leaf Interiors"
Her passion for the entertainment industry did not leave her and she returned with a reality show Bigg Boss , known worldwide as Big Brother on Indian television. She retired from the show for the wedding of her sister Shilpa Shetty . Recently, she made the web series Yo Ke Hua Bro, streaming on Voot on the Viacom 18 digital platform. It is directed by Suparn Verma and also features a talented group of actors like Aparshakti Khurana, Gaurav Pandey and Ridhima Pandit.
shamita shetty husband
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Shamita Shetty Pic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Cyber Security and Emerging Threats Defense Procurement Security Shahryar Pasandideh Technology
Germany's Inconsistent Arms Export Policy
Posted on July 15, 2014 July 11, 2014 Author Shahryar PasandidehComments Off on Germany's Inconsistent Arms Export Policy
Democratic countries increasingly court controversy when they export armaments to non-democratic countries. One country in particular, Germany, has had to forsake extremely lucrative contracts due to political controversy relating to proposed sales of military equipment to non-democratic Middle Eastern countries. While the underlying motivations for scrapping such arms deals are laudable, the inconsistency of their application raises serious questions about their purposes and viability.
Despite the disestablishment of Germany's armaments industry after the Second World War, Germany was one of the largest and most prominent exporters of armaments during the Cold War and retains that distinction throughout the post-Cold War period. For the last thirteen years, Germany has frequently been the third-largest exporter of armaments behind the United States and Russia. While many recently designed and produced German armaments have only been adopted by Germany itself and a few other countries, some German products have been extremely successful in the export market. Germany is a leading designer and producer of tanks, logistics trucks, submarines, small arms, and plays a major role in pan-European aerospace projects that produce everything ranging from fighter jets to satellites.
Most countries with a military have equipment that is German in origin, or equipment that utilizes German components, particularly engines for land vehicles and ships. Canada is also a user of Germany defence products. The Canadian Forces use German utility vehicles, trucks, tanks, grenade launchers, remote controlled weapons stations, and will soon have German-designed replenishment ships.
Germany's defense industry, in its direct (i.e. sale of armaments) and indirect (i.e. sale of components such as engines) exports has been extremely lucrative. The armaments are considered to be extremely reliable and amongst the best in terms of capabilities and quality. But Germany is not the only economically-advanced and wealthy Western country to have an advanced armaments industry. As a result, German defence firms compete with other Western firms, frequently firms from NATO allies in the UK, US and France, in order to balance their books and make a profit. Moreover, traditionally dominant Western firms have new commercial rivals in countries such as Turkey, China, and South Korea. As a result, German firms need to sell armaments to anyone who wants them, including non-democratic countries, to maintain expat levels. In recent years, such sales have become increasingly controversial given that exports to non-NATO and non-'NATO equivalent' countries are becoming increasingly common. Such sales can only be made with the approval of the Federal Security Council, headed by the German Chancellor. The main bone of contention between the government and Germans advocating serious restrictions on arms exports has been the sale of tanks to Saudi Arabia.
German Leopard 2 Tanks
Saudi Arabia operates large numbers of increasingly obsolescent tanks. Given Riyadh's deep pockets, from 2010 onwards it sought to purchase between 600 and 800 Leopard 2 tanks, the same tank used by the Canadian Forces. Unlike Canada, however, the Saudis were interested in new-build tanks, which would result in an order (including support costs) estimated at around $25 billion. Such an order would result in the creation of hundreds, if not thousands, of medium-term German jobs and would lead to lucrative long-term support contracts. Such an order became even more lucrative given the (then and now) ongoing economic crisis. In such an international economic climate, when it is hard to think of any other country requiring, let alone ordering, such a large number of new-build tanks. Despite the economic benefits entailed, the planned sale was severely criticized by a broad section of the German public and even from members of the ruling party.
Unfortunately for those pushing for the sale, the timing of the sale was not conducive. In March 2011, Saudi Arabia deployed its forces in Bahrain to help the ruling regime put down popular protests. Opponents of the deal were concerned that German-made vehicles would be used to suppress protests, a particular concern given that the Saudis were interested in a variant of the tank tailored to urban warfare. In addition, the issue of selling weapons to an Arab state that does not recognize Israel was also raised in some quarters. After a long saga, in April 2014, Germany scuttled the negotiations and effectively terminated any deal. In addition, Germany sought to delay, it not cancel, a French sale of armoured vehicles to Saudi Arabia through restrictions on the re-export of the German chassis and engines the vehicles utilize.
The cancellation of the tank sale was not unexpected given the drawn-out controversy it caused. Nevertheless, it entailed a major arms exporter forgoing a massive contract for political reasons mainly relating to the regime of the recipient state. Some would applaud this German action but the cancellation raises serious questions about the consistency of Germany arms export policy. Germany has sold Saudi Arabia large numbers of small arms, advanced air-to-air missiles, vehicle and marine engines, UAVs, and other equipment in the last decade.
PzH 2000 developed by Rheinmetall Industrie AG
Many other non-democratic Arab states have also purchased armaments from Germany in recent years. Notably, at the same time as scuttling the Saudi tank order, Germany sold new-build Leopard tanks and PzH2000 self-propelled artillery to Qatar, even though that country meets the same conditions as Saudi Arabia. Qatar is non-democratic, does not have a formal peace treaty with Israel, and also requested a variant of the tank tailored to urban warfare. Furthermore, Germany agreed to sell cash-strapped Egypt two Type 209 submarines immediately after the 2012 election that brought now-ousted President Mohammad Morsi to power. In February 2014, reports emerged that Egypt will be procuring two additional submarines even though it has transitioned to an effective military dictatorship. Despite recent political tumult in the Middle East, German firms continue to actively promote their equipment at key regional arms shows such as IDEX in the United Arab Emirates and SOFEX in Jordan.
An additional example of the inconsistency in Germany's arms export policy can be seen in a series of sales to Algeria. Despite Algiers' obvious faux democratic trappings, Germany has been actively selling armaments to the gas-rich country. In 2011, Berlin and Algiers agreed on defence collaboration and Algeria began negotiations to procure approximately 1000 wheeled armoured personnel carriers (APC) as well as naval frigates. The APC contract alone is worth over $3.5 billion and is tailored for counter-insurgency and urban warfare. The last aspect is notable as Algeria waged a brutal civil war in the 1990s after the military took power following an Islamist victory at the polls. Interestingly, the Algerian APC purchase didn't face the same intense criticism that the Saudi tank sale faced and was finally approved in 2014.
Given such realities, German arms export policy remains focused on making a profit and keeping firms in business, notwithstanding the Saudi tank saga. The realities of an increasingly competitive arms market, declining defence budgets in Western countries including Germany, and the imperative to secure exports and jobs push German politicians to silence their pro-democratic rhetoric and sell armaments to undemocratic regimes likely to use such armaments against their own populations. Such a conclusion should not be surprising to Canadians given Canada's recent sale of wheeled armoured personnel carriers to Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, it poses interesting foreign policy challenges as such weapons sold to Saudi Arabia by Canada and Algeria by Germany will almost certainly be used to put down any opposition, armed or unarmed, to the ruling regimes.
Shahryar Pasandideh
Shahryar Pasandideh completed his studies in International Relations and Middle Eastern studies at Trinity College, University of Toronto. He is interested in contemporary debates on American grand strategy, maritime security, Sino-American and Sino-Indian strategic interaction, and the military balance in the Persian Gulf region.
http://natoassociation.ca/about-us/contributors/shahryar-pasandideh
Anojan Nicholas Development Energy & Resources Investment Security, Trade and the Economy Technology The United States of America Trade
Forget Made in China, its all about Made in the U.S.A!
Posted on September 19, 2014 October 14, 2014 Author Anojan Nicholas
Anojan Nicholas reports on the underlying trends and potential pitfalls that are being faced by a resurgent American manufacturing sector.
Canada Christian Paas-Lang Defense Diplomatic Relations Eastern Europe and Russia NATO and Canada
August Roundtable Summary: Before and After (Part 1/2)
Posted on August 25, 2014 August 25, 2014 Author Christian Paas-Lang
Christian Paas-Lang discusses the future of NATO and the issues it faces in two articles, written before and after the August Roundtable from the NATO Council of Canada.
Carter Vance Cyber Security and Emerging Threats Europe
Coup Attempt Shouldn't Give Erdogan's Authoritarianism a Free Pass
Posted on August 6, 2016 August 5, 2016 Author Carter Vance
The Erdogan government has instituted a harsh series of crack downs following the July coup attempt. Carter Vance warns that an attempt to depose a democratic government should not allow it to act undemocratically in response
The Hitchhikers Guide to the 2008 Financial Crisis: Part 2
Canada's Arctic Sovereignty and Security: Time for a New Approach?


MedAsia Manufacturing Ltd has been designing and building injection molding tooling and producing Medical Device components and assemblies in China for 10 years. Our boots-on-the-ground approach with Sales offices in the USA – along with our manufacturing and project engineering team in Shanghai – differentiate our services from other medical device outsourcing specialists.
Run by engineers and project managers, the MedAsia team has deep knowledge of the program management needed for a successful global project. MedAsia exports 50- 60 Molds per year while 25% of our tooling remains in China for production.


Suppose there's one thing because can make or periods your finances, it's truly credit cards. That's for you to say that credit charge are evil, and it will be even not to disclose that credit cards would be best thing ever. As with many things in life, credit cards are typically a tool. It's to be able to be up to to be able to use them wisely. In the event you let credit remove of hand, it may well definitely be a very bad thing. However, when you are guilty about your credit business card usage, then it could be a good thing.
It allows you an important nice way to forget about your payments while quite getting the capital on behalf of larger purchases. If need to to pay for a certain method quickly and you already know just that you would want have the payments far more than time, then this absolutely the best thing which can do for your self. Yet one thing that often prevents people from really actively playing the life that they have already always wanted to will need is credit card love. This can really sneak up referring to you if you're instead of careful. This is also more the case should you are only paying reverse the minimum payments attributed every month.
You see, it's just about about interest when believe about it. If Myccpay login pay only the quantity amount due, most concerning the payment that a person just sent to the financial lending card company is gonna be be diverted to your very own interest, not your prime. Interest is the profit center during the company, but in which doesn't help you at all. What can really clog need to do hailing from here is try regarding about comparing credit memory card rates to see this card is going to create the least amount curiosity.
Keep using mind a your debit rating takes a character in kind of of asking for cards users qualify needed for. If you happen at qualify to produce a 0 interest tariff card, distinct may a person the advantage to shell out down any of the balances right away. It's all something like reading often the fine list before you may accept your terms on top of that conditions to produce the card, as not really every % interest cards is made the same. You want to create sure that most the low interest traffic generation applies as a way to debts that many you've put in the account from 1 more credit visa or mastercard.


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Q: Pytorch——TypeError: Cannot handle this data type I'm doing an image processing task and I want to use torch.cat to concat pictures belonging to two different folders. The size of the images in folder 1 is 224*224*3, and the size of the images in folder 2 is 224*224*1.After that, I want to save the generated image.I used the save function, but I got an error, the error code is "TypeError: Cannot handle this data type".Please help me find the solution.
Here is my code:
import glob
import os
import torch
import torchvision.transforms.functional as TF
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.misc

f1_folder = 'F:\\picture1'
f2_folder = 'F:\\picture2'

f1_images = glob.glob(os.path.join(f1_folder, '*.jpg'))
f2_images = glob.glob(os.path.join(f2_folder, '*.jpg'))

for f1_img, f2_img in zip(f1_images, f2_images):

img1 = Image.open(f1_img)
img2 = Image.open(f2_img)

cat_img = torch.cat((TF.to_tensor(img1), TF.to_tensor(img2)), dim=1)# for 'CHW'
cat_img = cat_img.numpy()
cat_img = np.transpose(cat_img, (1, 2, 0))

im = Image.fromarray(cat_img)
im.save("file.jpeg")


Popular for their good looks, easy care and - if your believe in such things - positive energy, Money Trees are a happy addition to your home or office space.
In the warmest parts of the country Braided Money Trees can be grown outdoors, but for most of us these trees are valued as great windowsill plants. While your Money Tree can spend some time outside in the shade during the summer, it needs to come indoors when the temperature begins to drop below 50 degrees. Choose an indoor site that's away from drafty windows and hot/cold air vents.
Braided Money trees prefer bright, indirect light. Choose a spot near a window, but not where the plant receives direct sunlight as the foliage tends to burn in direct sun. These trees can also be grown successfully under florescent lights. In the case of florescents, more light is usually better, so a single light fixture hanging from 12 foot ceiling likely won't be enough.
Your Money Tree comes planted in a small pot and that's by design. Large containers with lots of soil retain larger amounts of moisture. Your tree is happiest when its soil is allowed to dry out a bit between waterings. Soggy soil and overwatering can promote root and stem rot. Give your plant a generous watering and then allow the soil to dry out almost completely. Yellowing leaves are often an indication of overwatering. Money Trees tend to grow more slowly in the winter; cut back on watering a little during that season.
Braided Money Trees are light feeders and don't need frequent applications of fertilizer. During the most active growing periods, in mid-spring and mid-summer, just add a few drops of any water soluble fertilizer in when you water, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Brown, crispy leaves can be a sign that the air is too dry. This is easily remedied by placing a shallow pan of pebbles under your plant. Add ¼"-1/2" of water to the pan. The pebbles keep your plant from sitting in the water. As the water evaporates, moisture is added to the surrounding air. Or, mist your plant a couple times a week.
In indoor settings, leaves that turn brown may also indicate that your tree isn't getting enough light. If your tree is far from a light source consider moving it closer to a window where there's indirect sunlight.
Relocation shock; plants sometimes drop leaves as they adjust to their new location. A few lost leaves aren't grounds for concern.


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The (Mrs) Wright stuff: Michelle Keegan pips J-Law to be named world's sexiest woman
YOU can keep your Hollywood hotties and Playboy bunnies – the sexiest woman in the world officially hails from the gold-paved streets of Stockport.
NUMBER ONE: Michelle has been voted the sexiest woman in the world [FHM]
Michelle Keegan has been named the world's sexiest woman by FHM in the 21st year of their iconic poll.
The 27-year-old, who is currently on her hen do celebrating her impending marriage to Mark Wright, was pipped to the post by Jennifer Lawrence last year, but edged out the Hunger Games star to claim the coveted throne.
FHM editor Joe Barnes said: "Many congratulations to Michelle on her very worthy win. This year's 100 Sexiest poll was more keenly contested than ever – we had over a million votes, which was truly incredible. And for me, and the FHM team, it's great to see a hugely talented UK actress take the top spot."
**CLICK HERE FOR FHM'S TOP 20 HOTTEST WOMEN**
MODEL BEHAVIOUR: Kendall has rocketed up the chart [WENN]
DETHRONED: J-Law moved down two places from the top spot [SPLASH]
ALL-AMERICAN GIRL: Kate's curves have become notorious [BEACH BODY SWIMWEAR]
Poor J-Law was shifted to number three after Kendall Jenner claimed the title of sexiest Kardashian by jumping from number 31 all the way to two – a feat no doubt aided by her near-naked Love and Calvin Klein campaigns.
Big sister Kim was booted to number 13, with Khloe and Kourtney grabbed number 50 and 62 respectively.
The top ten welcomed a mix of list pros, with Kate Upton and her curves taking the fourth spot.
New X Factor host Caroline Flack shimmied her way into the hearts of the nation after falling out of the top 100 last year, rounding off the top five.
STRICTLY SEXY: Caroline missed out on votes last year [WENN]
POP VIXEN: Ariana's come a long way from her Nickelodeon days [GETTY]
SCREEN STARLET: Margot has shot to fame in the past year [WARNER BROS]
Despite barely being known in 2014, Ariana Grande, along with her ponytail and thigh-high boots, managed to grab the number six spot, edging out former bookies' favourite Margot Robbie.
Lucy Mecklenburgh managed to keep her number eight spot, with her toned body still delighting her male fans.
Game of Thrones fans obviously voted in their thousands to get the Mother of Dragons herself, Emilia Clarke, to the number nine spot.
GYM BUNNY: Louis Smith is a lucky man [FHM]
QUEEN: Emilia's portrayal of Daenerys has lads hot under the collar [HBO]
Rounding out the top ten is Kelly Brook – who gains her own title, becoming the most featured Brit of all time on the list with a whopping 18 entries.
Other beauties making the grade in the top 100 include Natalie Dormer, Charlotte Crosby, Rihanna and Keeley Hazel, while queen of baking Mary Berry managed to nab the 73rd spot.
Hey, they do say the way to a man's heart is through his stomach…
FHM 100 Sexiest supplement comes free with the June edition of FHM magazine, on sale on Thursday, 30 April.
To see the more of FHM 100 Sexiest Women in the World click here.
BEST OF BRITISH: Kelly has appeared in 18 out of 21 lists [NEW LOOK]
CREAM OF THE CROP: Voters filed in to name their sexiest celeb [FHM]


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WHEN THE BRITISH RAZED THE KERATON OF YOGYAKARTA TO THE GROUND
January 25, 2018 February 1, 2018 Margaret Devadason
This article was written in Indonesian by Risa Herdahita Putri. It was translated into English by Zuraidah Ehsan.
Three hours before dawn on Saturday, 20 June 1812, silence gripped the Keraton (Royal Palace) of Yogyakarta. The cannons at the Vredeburg Fort had stopped spewing fire. This was not a good situation, because an hour later, two hours before dawn, an attack order was issued to British column commanders.
The arrival of the British in 1812 placed Thomas Stamford Raffles as the Governor General, which had great influence on the position of Sultan Hamengkubuwono II (Sultan Sepuh). He intended to restore the rights of the Javanese king, which had been previously denied when Daendels was in power. However, Raffles was apparently not much different from Daendels.
The request of Sultan Hamengkubuwono II to replace Mas Surojo (Sultan Hamengkubuwono III) with Mangkudiningrat as Crown Prince was also rejected. The British preferred Raden Mas Surojo to ascend the throne, as he was seen as more cordial and compliant compared to his father. The British did not want to risk the possibilities of future conflicts which would inconvenience them. It became the impetus for the British attack on Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat.
The attackers came from the Vredeburg Fort. The British formed three troops that were mobilised to raid the Keraton. First, the 3rd Bengali Volunteers Battalion under Lieutenant Colonel James Dewar and the corps of Prince Prangwedono, Mangkunegaran Legion. They marched round the fort towards the south entrance. Their target was said to be the enemy outside the gate, Gerbang Nirboyo (Plengkung Gading).
Second, the British formed a shadow attack from the north.This attack was launched by the 4th Bengali Battalion Volunteers, under Major Peter Grant. They came right in front of Pagelaran, the entrance to keraton.
Third, the unit lead by Lieutenant Colonel James Watson was ordered to launch the main attack. In silence they moved around the northeastern part of the fortress. Dawn had not yet broken, so darkness veiled the movement of this troop. When they reached the correct point of the east wall, they climbed up the ladder that was provided by the Kapitan Cina (leader of the Chinese community), Tan Jin Sing.
It took only three hours to raze the keraton and subsequently, the British successfully stripped the ruling Sultan Hamengkubowono II of his position. Historian Peter Carey described the British attack as unexpected. Their arrival to ransack the keraton was undetected, as it happened before the crack of dawn. This was in spite of several small attacks that came from the direction of Vredeburg Fort.
The presence of the Sepoy soldiers terrified the Javanese, according to Carey. "Raffles said that they needed only two British regiments and five Sepoy Battalion, who were as tall as any European soldier, to instill fear among the Javanese," said Carey in History Tour, "Trail of the British in Java, 1811-1812," in Yogyakarta, Wednesday (30/8).
The Kadipaten area suffered most of the onslaughts. The attacks forced the occupants, including the Crown Prince, who was later appointed Sultan Hamengkubuwono III, and his son, Prince Diponegoro, to escape into Fort Baluwerti, in the direction of Taman Sari Water Castle through Jalan Ngasem.
"When the entourage from Kadipaten was making its way to Taman Sari, many of the gates were blocked by horses' carcasses," said Carey.
Not just the carcasses, but the dead bodies of victims of the attacks also lay piling up in the fortress, at every corner of the gate, and especially at the main gate facing the northern square. The British lost 23 lives, while 78 were injured during the attack which took place from 0500 to 0800 that morning.
That was nothing compared to the Javanese. A thousand British-Sepoy troops involved in the operation could be said to be enough to suppress the Javanese forces. "For Java, thousands perished," noted Carey.
Sultan Sepuh was arrested. As if that was not enough, the troop looted the keraton on a large scale. It took four long days to cart away chests filled with treasures from the keraton. The value exceeded USD120 million in today's monetary terms.
The spoils were brought to the governor's residence. The precious objects, such as manuscripts, were then brought to Rustenburg Residency. The booty was distributed between officers and the British-Indian troops.
"In the residency, [booty] was sorted and distributed," said Carey.
The victory was not ignored by Raffles. He wrote a letter to Lord Minto on 25th June 1812 from Semarang. He said that it was the first time that an European power had succeeded in Java.
"Until this moment, we have never been able to call ourselves rulers of the most precious hinterland provinces, what more when our coastal possessions are uncertain," said Carey, quoting Raffles' letter.
After the subjugation of the Keraton of Yogyakarta, Sultan Hamengkubowono II was exiled to Penang Island [Penang, Malaysia] (1812-1815). His eldest son, was later appointed Sultan Hamengkubowono III (Sultan Raja), and reigned for just two years after the appointment.
"The appointment took place five days later. At that time the fire in the keraton was still not completely extinguished," said Carey, standing in front of Vredebrug Fortress.
According to Carey, the incident laid the foundation of a new world. Yogyakarta, Banten, Bone, and others lost their power as indigenous sovereigns. Starting then, local officials had to accept the appointed resident as the representative from Batavia. They were prohibited from making agreements with the outside world without going through the central government.
"I no longer need to dismount from the horse if I want to pass by the keraton," Carey joked, alluding to the British conquest of Yogyakarta.
This translation won the JALA Indonesian Translation Competition.
Risa Herdahita Putri is a journalist and graduate of Gajah Mada University. A resident of Jakarta, she also writes a blog.
Zuraidah Ehsan is a freelance Malay-English translator who has worked in the heritage industry for 18 years. She is currently also working as a freelance researcher on an intangible cultural heritage project, as well on her family history, with the hope of someday publishing both.
ED#1 Essays Even
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text:
Anaea (ital.: Anea) ist ein Titularbistum der römisch-katholischen Kirche.

Es geht zurück auf einen untergegangenen Bischofssitz in der gleichnamigen antiken Stadt Anaea, die in der römischen Provinz Asia lag. Der Bischofssitz war der Kirchenprovinz Ephesus zugeordnet.

Siehe auch
 Liste der römisch-katholischen Titularbistümer
 Liste der römischen Provinzen ab Diokletian

Weblinks
 Eintrag in catholic-hierarchy.org (englisch)

Anaea
Römisch-katholische Kirche in der Türkei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Making Soup from a Single Oyster? CREW v. DOJ and the Obligation to Publish Office of Legal Counsel Opinions (Part III)
Bernard Bell
Summary: This three-post series discusses Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Wash. v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, which affirmed dismissal of a suit to require publication of all Office of Legal Counsel ("OLC") opinions. This final post offers tentative thoughts on the applicability of FOIA's affirmative disclosure requirements to OLC opinions.
Some Thoughts on Whether OLC Opinions are Subject to Mandatory Disclosure
Sections 552(a)(2)(A) and (B) of Title 5 require agencies to publish and index "final opinions" and "orders" made in adjudicated cases, as well as "statements of policy and interpretations" not otherwise published in the Federal Register. Are OLC opinions subject to mandatory publication as "final opinions," "statements of policy," or "interpretations"?[1]
Emperor Nero's Pillars
Roman Emperor Nero reputedly posted edicts high on pillars so that the public could not easily read their content.[2] Such a practice makes the law inaccessible and thus illegitimate. Indeed, one of Lon L. Fuller's renowned eight desiderata for law's legitimacy is that law must be promulgated or published.[3] This concern underlies the mandatory disclosure provisions regarding opinions, policy statements, and interpretations.
Thus, the purpose undergirding sections 552(a)(2)(A) – (C) is quite clear — and extends beyond FOIA's overall imperative of ensuring the public's right "to know what [its] government is up to."[4] The mandatory disclosure provisions reflect "a strong congressional aversion to 'secret (agency) law,'" and an affirmative congressional purpose to ensure disclosure of documents [that] have 'the force and effect of law.'" NLRB v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 421 U.S. 132, 153 (1975).[5] The penalty for the agency's failure to satisfy its obligations, prohibition on citing such documents against a party unless that party had actual notice, reflects that purpose. [6] As the late Judge David L. Bazelon explained in discussing the interplay between exemption 5 and FOIA's affirmative disclosure provisions, "at the same time that Congress sought to enhance the process of policy formulation, it indicated unequivocally that the purpose of the Act was to forbid secret law." Sterling Drug, Inc. v. FTC, 450 F.2d 698, 713 (D.C.Cir.1971) (concurring in part and dissenting in part) (emphasis in the original).[7]
Confidential OLC opinions appear to present the classic example of secret law.[8] OLC opinions are the most formal, most rigorously considered, and most authoritative of all opinions issued by Executive Branch lawyers. The opinions are developed by a rigorous process designed to stand the test of time and serve as precedents.[9] Indeed, they seem to have the trappings of a body of precedent, akin to judicial decisions.[10] They seem to follow stare decisis, and, like courts, OLC purports to avoid addressing abstract questions, Memorandum from David J. Barron, Acting Assistant Attorney General to Attorneys of the Office of Legal Counsel, Best Practices for OLC Legal Advice and Written Opinions 3 (July 16, 2010) ("Best Practices Memo").
The Department of Justice must give substance to some Constitutional provisions that are unlikely to be the subject of litigation as well as statutes constraining Government agencies.[11] Thus, OLC opinions often serve as the final word on issues rarely considered by courts. They can essentially immunize conduct from punishment.[12] And they will be followed by the Department of Justice in taking legal positions and viewed as constraints by the agencies that receive them.
Perhaps going a bit beyond the specific purposes of the mandatory publication provisions, publication of OLC opinions might well provide critical information Congress needs to decide whether it should revise statutes, either to permit the Government to engage in an activity that OLC considers unauthorized or to prohibit the Government from engaging in an activity that the Department of Justice authorizes.
However, OLC opinions do not directly bind the public, they bind only government agencies. The public can contest OLC's legal conclusions; obviously courts can reject OLC's opinions.[13] Nevertheless, awareness of the opinions is necessary for effective advocacy in agency processes. By serving as constraints on agencies, much like the constitutional provisions and statutes they interpret, OLC opinions limits agencies' responses to citizens, either regulated entities or beneficiaries. Members of the public involved in agency proceedings cannot dispute agencies' potential misapplication of principles enunciated in secret OLC opinions. And citizens unaware of the external constraints placed upon the agency, such as Department of Justice legal positions, cannot develop an effective strategy for complying with an agency's requirements.
Countervailing Considerations: OLC Exceptionalism?
There are at least three reasons for caution before concluding that OLC opinions should be considered subject to mandatory disclosure.[14] First, the relevant statutory text suggests that OLC opinions qualify as neither "opinions" resolving adjudications, statements of policy, nor interpretations. Second, the tension between exemption 5 and FOIA's mandatory publication requirements is uniquely severe in the context of OLC opinions. Third, congressionally-mandated disclosure of OLC opinions raises separation of powers concerns given the unique role OLC opinions play in facilitating the President's performance of his constitutional obligations.
OLC opinions do not comfortably fit within the APA's definition of "adjudication" and "order." In her dissenting opinion in Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Wash. v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, — F.3d. —, 2019 WL 1907230 (D.C. Cir. April 30, 2019)("CREW II"), Judge Pillard suggested that OLC opinions resolving interagency disputes might qualify as opinions resolving agency adjudications, id. at *7. Some OLC opinions may resolve disputes between agencies, but many do not.
Aadjudication" and "order" are defined terms in the APA. 5 U.S.C. §551(6) & (7). "[A]djudication" is defined, somewhat unhelpfully, to mean "agency process for the formulation of an order." In turn, "order" is defined as "the whole or a part of a final disposition, whether affirmative, negative, injunctive, or declaratory in form, of an agency in a matter other than rule making but including licensing."[15] The definitions of "adjudication" and "order" are admittedly quite capacious, and could include OLC resolution of interagency disputes regarding their powers and obligations, and much more.
The Attorney General's Manual on the Administrative Procedure Act discusses the concept of "adjudication."[16] The Manual elaborated on the term "adjudication" as follows:
Adjudication is concerned with the determination of past and present rights and liabilities. Normally, there is involved a decision as to whether past conduct was unlawful, so that the proceeding is characterized by an accusatory flavor and may result in disciplinary action. Or, it may involve the determination of a person's right to benefits under existing law so that the issues relate to whether he is within the established category of persons entitled to such benefits. In such proceedings, the issues of fact are often sharply controverted.
Id. at 14-15. The Attorney General provided five examples of proceedings encompassed within the term "adjudication": (1) proceedings for cease and desist orders regarding unfair methods of competition or unfair labor practices, (2) determination of monetary claims, (3) determinations of shipper's or other consumer's entitlement to damages arising out of the alleged past unreasonableness of rates, (4) determination of individual claims for benefits, and (5) licensing proceedings. Id. at 15-16.
OLC opinions do not appear to fit comfortably within either the description of adjudication or the set of examples provided. The examples all seem to involve factual development, mostly of historical fact, and resolution of the dispute based on such findings. Moreover, all seem to involve resolving disputes between the government and private entities, either regulated entities or program beneficiaries. Providing legal guidance to a governmental entity is quite distinct from these examples. Indeed, OLC opinions do not address past behavior — they are intended to operate prospectively, and they sometimes suggest alternative approaches consistent with the relevant law as OLC interprets it, for agencies to achieve their objectives. Best Practices Memo at 3.[17]
OLC opinions might seem to qualify as statements of policy or interpretation. But, as the Attorney General's Manual explains, the critical aspect of both categories of documents is their "formulat[ion] and adopt[ion] by the agency for the guidance of the public." Manual at 22. FOIA's revision of APA section 3 (i.e., 5 U.S.C. §552) removed agency discretion with respect to withholding interpretations and policy statements from publication, but did not meaningfully alter the definition of those concepts.
While FOIA does not define "statements of policy" and "interpretation," FOIA's mandatory disclosure provisions complement the provisions regarding notice and comment requirements for informal rulemaking set out in 5 U.S.C. §553. Section 553 exempts statements of policy and interpretive rules from the notice and comment rulemaking requirements, particularly the requirement to publish in the Federal Register notices of proposed rulemaking and of the final rule adopted. The mandatory disclosure provision requires that when an agency chooses not to publish a statement of policy or interpretation in the Federal Register, a choice which section 553 permits, it must make such statements of policy and interpretations accessible to the public by other means. This account of the relationship between section 553 and section 552(a)(2), explains the mandatory disclosure provision's distinct treatment of staff manuals, which are explicitly made subject to mandatory disclosure only if they effect members of the general public. Compare §552(a)(2)(C) with §552(a)(2)(B). This qualification is unnecessary with respect to statements of policy and interpretations because implicit in those categories of documents is their issuance to guide members of the public.
In explicating section 553, the Attorney General's Manual also makes clear the implicit limitations that only those documents that provide guidance to the public qualify as statements of policy or interpretations. The Manual provides a definition of the terms statements of policy and interpretive rules. The Manual defines interpretive rules as rules or statements issued by an agency to advise the public of the agency's construction of the statutes and rules which it administers. Manual at 30 n.3. The definition not only encompasses "rules," but other types of interpretive statements as well. The explanation emphasizes that the purpose of the statements must be to advise the public regarding the agency's interpretation. And finally, interpretation involves construction of the statutes or rules the agency administers. OLC opinions are issued to advise agencies, not the general public. Moreover, OLC often offers opinions construing the U.S. Constitution, and even when it renders opinions on statutes, such statutes would rarely be ones OLC can be said to "administer."
The Manual defines statements of policy as "[s]tatements issued by an agency to advise the public prospectively of the manner in which the agency proposes to exercise discretionary power." Id. This definition certainly does not describe OLC opinions, which have nothing to do with any "discretionary power" OLC possesses.
In short, the statutory text suggests that OLC decisions fall outside of section 552(a)(2)(A) & (B)'s mandatory disclosure requirements.
Inherent Conflict Between Exemptions and Mandatory Disclosure Requirements
FOIA's exemptions were designed to allow the government to withhold certain types of information. Exemption 5 encompasses a set of privileges that include the attorney-client privilege, the deliberative process privilege, and the presidential communications privilege (otherwise known as executive privilege). As noted in Part II of this series, the better view is that the mandatory disclosure provisions are not subject to limitations to protect information the agency could withhold when responding to FOIA requests. Such an approach is practical only if one assumes that in issuing opinions, policy statements, and interpretations, agencies can draft in such a manner as to avoid including matters that should be withheld pursuant to FOIA's nine exemptions. But OLC cannot draft around material that needs protection under exemption 5.
Virtually every OLC opinion will be covered by both the attorney-client privilege and the deliberative process privilege. OLC cannot draft opinions in such a manner as to avoid divulging matters protected by those privileges; by their nature the documents fall within the exception. And indeed, OLC exercises discretion with regard to publication in at least one respect to encourage agencies to seek legal advice, the attorney-client privilege's raison d'etre.[18] OLC's exercise of discretion is precisely designed to secure for agency officials their ability to seek legal counsel and engage in deliberative discussions.
Moreover, some OLC opinions are rendered at the request of the President or senior White House advisors.[19] Requiring mandatory publication of such opinions clearly clashes with the President's need to obtain confidential advice, a core concern underlying the presidential communications privilege. Requiring publication of such documents will directly interfere with the President's ability to secure advice.[20] Thus, even if OLC opinions were generally subject to mandatory publication obligations, the subset of opinions covered by the presidential communications privilege should not, absent clear language to the contrary.[21]
Thus, OLC opinions are arguably particularly inappropriate for coverage by the mandatory disclosure provisions. Construing the ambiguous mandatory disclosure provision to avoid bringing OLC opinions within their compass would ensure that Congress' intent to protect certain exemption 5 privileges, namely the attorney-client privilege, the deliberative process privilege, and the privilege of presidential communications, remains intact.
OLCs Relationship to the President
The nature of OLC's responsibilities and its relationship to a core presidential duty, to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, arguably makes OLC's opinions uniquely unsuited for mandatory publication. OLC views its work in general, and its opinions in particular, as providing assistance to the President in exercising his constitutional responsibility to see that the laws are faithfully executed. Id. at 1, 5. OLC not only uses opinions to advise the President and senior White House advisors of constitutional and statutory requirements, they also resolve inter-agency disagreements regarding the law and ensure that agency officials are aware of the legal constraints on their actions. While every agency acts under an obligation to faithfully execute the law, and thus must determine what that law is, OLC's role in determining the constitutional and statutory constraints on the executive branch may be unique among agencies. Given the central nature of OLC opinions in enabling the President to acquit one of his core constitutional responsibilities, courts should perhaps be wary of applying FOIA's mandatory disclosure provisions to such opinions.
The applicability of FOIA's mandatory disclosure provisions to OLC opinions remains unresolved. OLC opinions appear to be a classic example of secret law that the FOIA's mandatory disclosure provisions were intended to do away with. But there are significant countervailing arguments, most notably the inherent conflict between Exemption 5 and the mandatory disclosure provisions in the context of OLC opinions. Rather than leaving courts the burden of construing a mandatory disclosure provision ill-suited to resolve the status of OLC opinions, Congress should enact more precise legislation specifying whether all or some OLC opinions should be subject to a mandatory disclosure regime.
[1] The first two posts in the series, summarizing Citizens for Responsibility & Ethics in Wash. v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, — F.3d. —, 2019 WL 1907230 (D.C. Cir. April 30, 2019), and critiquing the decision, can be accessed here and here.
[2] ANTONIN SCALIA, A MATTER OF INTERPRETATION: FEDERAL COURTS AND THE LAW 17 (1997).
[3] LON L. FULLER, THE MORALITY OF LAW (1964).
[4] U.S. v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, 489 U.S. 749, 772-73 (1989)(quoting EPA v. Mink, 410 U.S. 73, 105 (1973)(Douglas, J., dissenting), in turn quoting Henry Steele Commager, The Defeat of America, THE NEW YORK REVIEW OF BOOKS, Oct. 5, 1972, at 7).
[5] Accord, Attorney General's Memorandum on the 1974 Amendments to the Freedom of Information Act 19 (Feb. 1975), reprinted in FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT AND AMENDMENTS OF 1974 SOURCEBOOK, Appendix II (subsection (a)(2)'s "primary purpose" of was to compel disclosure of what has been called 'secret law,' or as the 1966 House Report put it, agency materials which have 'the force and effect of law in most cases'" (quoting H.R. Rep. No. 89-1497, at 7)); Skelton v. USPS, 678 F.2d 35, 41 (5th Cir. 1982) ("That [proactive disclosure] requirement was designed to help the citizen find agency statements 'having precedential significance' when he becomes involved in 'a controversy with an agency.'" (quoting H.R. Rep. No. 89-1497, at 8 (1966)).
[6] The penalty provision states:
A final order, opinion, statement of policy, interpretation, or staff manual or instruction that affects a member of the public may be relied on, used, or cited as precedent by an agency against a party other than an agency only if—
(i) it has been indexed and either made available or published as provided by this paragraph; or
(ii) the party has actual and timely notice of the terms thereof.
[7] Judge Bazelon cites KENNETH. DAVIS, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW TREATISE § 3A.21 at 159 (1970 Supp.)("[t]he governing principle, which I think is without exception, is that secret law is forbidden").
[8] One scholar has described the body of OLC and Attorney General opinions as "the largest body of official
Interpretation of the Constitution and statutes outside the volumes of the federal court reporters." John O. McGinnis, Models of the Opinion Function of the Attorney General: A Normative, Descriptive, and Historical Prolegomenon, 15 CARDOZO L. REV. 375, 376 (1993).
[9] See Trevor W. Morrison, Stare Decisis in the Office of Legal Counsel, 110 COLUM. L. REV. 1448, 1470-1492 (2010). The process is described in Memorandum from David J. Barron, Acting Assistant Attorney General to Attorneys of the Office of Legal Counsel, Best Practices for OLC Legal Advice and Written Opinions 3 (July 16, 2010) ("Best Practices Memo").
[10] Sometimes, attorney general opinions are described as "quasi-judicial." Peter E. Heiser, Jr., The Opinion Writing Function of Attorneys General, 18 IDAHO L. REV. 9, 18 (1982)(citing 2 THORNTON ON ATTORNEYS AT LAW §728 (1914))): Nancy V. Baker, Who Was John Yoo's Client? Torture Memos and Professional Misconduct, 40 PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY 750, 758 (2010)(same).
[11] Best Practices Memo, at 1 (OLC "is frequently asked to opine on issues of first impression that are unlikely to be resolved by the courts—a circumstance in which OLC's advice may effectively be the final word on the controlling law").
[12] JACK GOLDSMITH, THE TERROR PRESIDENCY: LAW AND JUDGMENT INSIDE THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION Paperback 149-50 (2009).
[13] See Morrison, supra note 9, at 1466.
[14] While generally supporting increased transparency of OLC opinions, Cornelia Pillard outlines some of the risks attendant routine publication of all OLC opinions. Cornelia T. L. Pillard, The Unfulfilled Promise of the Constitution in Executive Hands, 103 MICH. L. REV. 676, 749-51 (2005).
[15] The terms "rule" and "rulemaking" are defined in 5 U.S.C. §§551(4) and 551(5) respectively.
[16] THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S MANUAL ON THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE ACT 14-16 (1947)(Wm. W. Gaunt & Sons, Inc. 1973 reprint).
[18] As noted in Part I of this series, OLC frequently withholds publication of legal opinions that find an agency's proposed course of action illegal and which causes the agency to desist. See, Best Practices Memo, at 6.
[19] See Douglas W. Kmiec, OLC's Opinion Writing Function: The Legal Adhesive For a Unitary Executive, 15 CARDOZO L. REV. 337 353-59 (1993); see Dawn E. Johnson, Faithfully Executing The Laws: Internal Legal Constraints On Executive Power, 54 UCLA L. REV. 1559, 1577 ()("[a] relatively high percentage of OLC's work comes from the White House or otherwise involves the White House").
[20] E.g., Judicial Watch, Inc. v. United States Department of Defense, 245 F. Supp. 3d 19, 28-31 (D.D.C. 2017), aff'd, 913 F.3d 1106 (2019); Electronic Privacy Information Center v. Dep't of Justice, 320 F. Supp. 3d 110, 115-18 (D.D.C. 2018).
[21] Note, in the context of application of the APA's judicial review provision, the Supreme Court has held that the President is not an "agency" for purposes of the APA. Franklin v. Massachusetts, 505 U.S. 788, 800-801 (1992); accord, Dalton v. Specter, 511 U.S. 462, 470 (1994). And in the context of applying FOIA's reactive disclosure provisions, the D.C. Circuit has held that many units within the Office of the President are not "authorities" covered by FOIA. See, Armstrong v. Executive Office of the President, 90 F.3d 556, 558-65 (1996); H.R. Rep. 93-1380 at 15 (1974); Soucie v. David, 448 F.2d 1067, 1077 (D.C. Cir. 1971)(distinguishing White House components that solely serve to advise and assist the President from a component given statutory responsibility evaluating federal programs).


text:
Q: Dependence of variables in Mathematica 7.0 How can i get from equation one variable as a function of other variables? For example we have A*x^2 + R1*V*x + R2*v + z = 0; and i must get result V(R1,R2) = -(A*x^2 + z)/ (R1*x+R2). This is ofcourse simple example.

A: Investigate Solve and Reduce.  This is, of course, a simple answer but should get you started.


text:
Who | Mostly Mystery
Margo lives in a coastal Massachusetts town where her cheerleading section includes her husband, Paul and two spoiled felines named Sammy and Jasper.
She discovered writing in her early teens with short stories and poems. Later, as a computer consultant, she produced an online newsletter, white papers, and authored a bi-monthly computer tip column in a local newspaper. Today, when she isn't teaching computer classes, she's indulging in her passion for writing.
Her creative bent leans toward the Paranormal and New Adult Fantasy. She has two books in the editing stages, "A Trace of Evil" and "The Watcher Clan."
You can visit her website at www.hauntedpen.blogspot.com, catch her tweets at @Novatrek, visit her Facebook page at Margo Carey or look for her at LinkedIn under Margo Carey.
Linda has always loved reading, and recalls quiet family dinners where she, her brother, and her mother propped their books up between their plates and various condiment bottles.
Linda writes in multiple genres and forms, and she is currently polishing the first novel in a contemporary fantasy trilogy, and finishing the first novel in a planned mystery series. Her official writers website is LindaEnsign.
Linda is excited to have been elected 2015 president of the Northern Virginia Writers Club, a chapter of the Virginia Writers Club (VWC). She is the editor of the quarterly VWC newsletter and an at-large member of the Board of Governors. Linda is also a member of Sisters in Crime, and its Chesapeake Chapter.
Linda's small business Yellow Hare Inc, provides e-Learning solutions for small business clients, non-profits, and educational institutions. Linda also builds websites, formats eBooks, runs workshops and give presentations on technology and visual design for writers.
Carolyn A. Rowland
Carolyn Rowland is a writer and a lawyer. She writes short stories in multiple genres under C.A. Rowland and is currently finishing her first humorous cozy mystery set in Savannah, Georgia.
Carolyn's short story, A Rite of Passage, recently placed second in the Virginia Writer's Club 2014 Golden Nib awards and The Gift was shortlisted for the Bethlehem Writer's Roundtable 2014 Short Story Award. Her literary nonsense short story, An Interview with a Rabbit, was published in Kings River Life and in the Riverside Writers' anthology, Rappahannock Voices. An Inexpensive Piece, a crime short story, was published in the 2015 crime anthology, EFD2: World Enough and Crime. Two of her short stories will be included in the upcoming anthologies, Voodoo Hoodoo, That Thing You Do (Masquerade) and Strangely Funny 2 ½ (Sadie and the Selkie).
Carolyn is a member of the Virginia Writer's Club, Riverside Writers and Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators. When not writing, she volunteers her time for Quilts of Valor and the Linus Project as well as designs and creates her own quilts.
Her official website and blog is at www.carowland.com.
Susan Van Kirk was a high school English teacher for thirty-four years and a college adjunct professor for ten years. From those experiences she published a memoir, The Education of a Teacher (Including Dirty Books and Pointed Looks.)
Susan is currently writing a series of cozy mysteries set in the small town of Endurance, Illinois. The first book in the series, Three May Keep a Secret, was published by Five Star Publishing, an imprint of Gale/Cengage, in November, 2014. The second Endurance mystery, Marry in Haste, will come out in 2016. She's currently working on the third. Her published books are available on Amazon and Barnes&Noble.com.
Her official website and blog is at www.susanvankirk.com, and you can visit her on Facebook at Susan Van Kirk Author. She also has a Pinterest page titled "The Endurance Mysteries."
Britt Vasarhelyi has been a professional writer since the age of twelve, when she produced book reviews for her hometown newspaper, the Savannah Morning News. Since then, she's been a Congressional Press Secretary, Development Director of historic Ford's Theatre, and co-owner of a Washington, DC public relations firm.
Britt currently lives with her husband, two dogs, and a multitude of neighborhood cats on a mountainside overlooking a volcano and the cloud forests of western Panama.
Message from Panama, a thriller available on Amazon under the imprint of Hanging Moon Press, is Britt's first novel. In 2011, it was named third place winner in the Daphne du Maurier literary contest, and last year was a finalist for the Debut Dagger (Crime Writers Association) Award.
When she's not writing or looking suspiciously at the volcano, Britt volunteers for the local Amigos de Animales.
Visit her at www.dontshootthewriter.com
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