Learning Goal: To find ways to increase retention in students and to find classroom designs that enhance retention and engagement.
This week the focus was to find ways to engage students during lectures to increase retention. This particular resource was excellent in explaining why having different desk arrangements in the classroom can do just this. A big part of this resource that caught my eye was when the author wrote "seating arrangements should reflect the type of activity going on". This is excellent as if you want the students doing collaborative work they shouldn't be in rows. Instead their desks should be arranged so that they can easily collaborate with their peers. If the students should be focusing on lecture, every student should be able to equally see the teacher and the board (or the screen/overhead). During lecture you would also want to discourage talking as this is a distraction and shows students are not engaged, so a different desk arrangement would be beneficial in retention and engagement. To become a better teacher, I would find a way to quickly and easily rearrange desks throughout the day that would reflect the activity they are doing, such as listening to the teacher during lecture or completing a task.
Learning Goal: To learn how to create and implement interesting activities that will enhance student engagement.
Carefully planned collaborative lessons involve allocating responsibilities to individual students and holding them accountable within their grouping. If you are working in the early years you may wish to begin with simple partner work.
An example could be the creation of a 4 seasons poster. Each student within a group of 4 would be allocated a season to research. Students could then share their findings and discuss and create a "jigsaw" style poster (consisting of 4 jigsaw pieces) which showcases each of the 4 seasons.
This week I chose to find ways to complement an engagement activity that I would like to create myself. I chose this resource to accomplish this task because it provided excellent ways to complement any activities. It reminds new teachers that wait time is important in enhancing student engagement and that collaboration is an excellent way to engage students. With this resource and the resource from week three I thought that an activity where students are actively involved (i.e., moving around) would be an excellent way to engage all the students. One idea would be a math centered activity where students would have to collaborate with their peers to accomplish a task. The task could be real-life applicable and thus further engage the students. Learning is easier when students are having fun completing the task whether that means there's a competition with a reward at the end for finishing the task, or if the task itself shows where students would use the particular skill in the real-world. To become a better teacher I would further find ways to increase retention after completing a certain activity and having them have the ability to apply the skill in different situations.
Learning Goal: To find lesson design plans that enhance student engagement.
Beginning: If you have an iPad, there is a Twilight Zone app. This app gives you the start of a story, then stops. Use something similar to that. Show an exciting video clip, have a storyteller visit your room and start a story. Then have students, in groups if you want, finish the story. Tell them any conclusion is acceptable as long as they can provide argument how the conclusion relates to the story.
Now that we have our beginnings, what about the middle? This does not mean the middle is boring. However, since we do have everyone's attention, the middle is full of information. Look at the standards we are using; what would be your middle? Post it in the comments section below, and let's talk.
This resource is an excellent way to hook students on the material for the lesson right from the beginning. It is important to engage students in the first few minutes of lesson, for if the lesson is interesting from the beginning, students will already begin to disappear into their own worlds and the teacher would lose their attention almost immediately. This resource provided a specific lesson plan design that aims to engage students by presenting the hook in an interesting way, followed by the material and finishing with a reflection of the lesson. This is a great way to find out which students were engaged and which weren't, and also a good reflection on the lesson itself. It is a great assessment tool for yourself as a teacher and can determine what needs to be changed for the next time. From here to make myself a better teacher I want to use the resource from week three that I found and create my own activities that will enhance student engagement.
Learning Goal: To find a specific resource on how to engage students (i.e., a resource with activities).
Divide the material to be covered in 3-5 parts. Put the same number of students in each small group. One student is each group is assigned to cover one of the parts of the materials. The student's job is to become the "expert" on their portion of the material so that they can then share what they've learned with the rest of their group.
Students meet with their small groups and to share what they've learned with each other. Follow with whole group discussion of the most important points.
This resource caught my eye because it provided specific ideas on how to engage students. It was divided into different sections, such as getting students moving, forming groups and taking notes. Each section had different ways to accomplish a task. The specific example above caught my eye because it is a strategy that can be adapted to any subject in the classroom and could be used as a great resource for introducing a topic or review a subject. This resource will help me find ways to incorporate and implement the strategies for enhancing student engagement in the classroom. To continue learning about student engagement I would like to find resources that have an example lesson plan with student engagement considered.


Dr. Hernandez will give you a reason to smile!
Don't let the high-cost of dental care in the US and Canada stop you from getting the smile you deserve!
At the International Dental Care Center in Puerto Vallarta, Dr. Alberto Hernandez will help YOU to have high-quality dental care at a very affordable price.
Find out why dentist Dr. Alberto Hernandez can help you with your dental health. Read what our patients have to say about International Dental Center.
I have to admit, I was a little reluctant to go to a dentist in Mexico, but am so glad I did. I was absolutely pleased. Dr. Hernandez was very polite, thorough and easy to communicate with. His staff is equally professional. I had a 4 crown bridge done, a partial and teeth whitening. My teeth look great. I am so glad that I found Dr. Hernandez and recommend him to everyone visiting Puerto Vallarta who is looking to take advantage of dental tourism. I am very satisfied with all the work.
I would recommend this clinic to anybody. The work that Dr Hernandez did for me,WOW. I have a smile that I wish that I had 20 years ago.I had a lot of bad experiences in the past with other clinics, but when I talked to Dr Hernandez about this he assured me he would take care of my needs. I have never been so happy. Thank you Dr Hernandez and staff and looking forward to see you in September! SMILES ALL THE WAY!
I am so glad that I decided to come see Dr. Hernandez! What a great way to spend my vacation! I mean why not come home with a beautiful smile?! My entire experience was awesome. I recommend that everyone who is thinking about getting some dental work done to consider coming to see Dr. Hernandez. I really DID get a wonderful vacation and save a ton of money in the process.
Dr Hernandez was wonderful. I visited other dentists in Puerto Vallarta before going ahead with treatment. Dr. Hernandez was the most caring, careful, and courteous. His offices were spotless. And I always appreciate it when the dentist can speak English. It really makes the whole thing so much better. I will be returning to complete my treatment. I would not consider another professional anywhere in PV.
Dr. Hernandez is awesome. We never thought you could actually have fun at the dentist! We saw him 2-4 hours a day for 2 weeks and he is on our short list of friends. He is clean, gentle and a great dentist. Our teeth are are all fixed up now and they look amazing. And the price was more than reasonable. We are already planning our return. He is now our dentist.
I was totally pleased with my treatment. I gave it a shot because it was so affordable and convenient because I was on vacation. Alberto and his crew were very thorough and gentle... I could tell he cares a great deal about maintaining a high standard. I would absolutely recommend this clinic to anyone coming to Puerto Vallarta on vacation. Take advantage while you can. You will be very glad you did.
I cannot recommend this clinic high enough. I have been to them twice and I will always come to see Dr. Hernandez when I am in town. It's rare to find a dentist who actually seems to care about you. He takes his time and you never feel like he is in a hurry to get to the next patient. You can't find a better dentist anywhere. I know I am very happy to have found Dr. Hernandez.
The treatment and Dr. Hernandez and his staff were wonderful. The price was awesome and the communication and attention I received was up to anyone's standards anywhere in the world! I recommend this clinic completely.
I am so pleased with this clinic. I had a tooth fall out of my denture. I feel this was caused in part by some work I had done by my dentist at home just last week. I emailed my dentist at home to see if he had any ideas on what happened, he did not respond for over 6 hours. Dr. Hernandez called me within 15 minutes of my email message for an appointment that morning. He knew immediately what needed to be done. He took impressions that morning and offered to come in at 8 pm to complete the work (he had to have a lab make a tooth). I told him I could wait til the morning so he could be with his family. He called the next morning to say he wasn't happy with what the lab had made. I came in to his office, and he took my denture to the lab to have them make a perfect match. He came back with the new tooth, and in 30 minutes I was done. He did a beautiful job. After that, I have decided to make Dr. Hernandez my regular dentist. You should too.
We were both delighted with the services which included a partial, bridges and many crowns. The doctor was very careful to be sure the fit and bite were correct when making my partial and bridges. The work he did for me was better over all the work I've had done at any other dentist in the States. In the States, it seems to be about money. And they are always in a hurry. But here you get the feeling that Dr. Hernandez sincerely cares about you and your teeth. And it shows in the quality of work that he does. Everyone who is anyone in Puerto Vallarta is now coming to see Dr. Hernandez and now I can understand why. His work is, without fail, world-class.
I feel like I won the lottery when I stumbled onto Dr. Hernandez's website. I'm one of those people who has just always had trouble with my teeth. And I am always self-conscious about my smile. But frankly, I couldn't afford to get the work done that I needed to have done here in the States. One dentist quoted me more than I spent on my house! So when I saw that Dr. Hernandez was doing full dental makeovers for a price that was realistic for me AND that he offered free accommodations, it seemed almost too good to be true. So we decided to take the leap. My wife and I jumped on a plane and took our first international trip ever. We were a little nervous because of the stories you hear about Mexico. But when we got here we realized how crazy that all is. And man, am I glad we came! Dr. Hernandez was a god-send. I have never had such pretty teeth and I feel like a whole new person. On top of it, my wife and I had a second honeymoon out of it. All I can say is thank you Alberto. I've never smiled so much in my whole life!
It was very easy to make appointment. Overall super pleasant service, the clinic is clean and central. Lisa at reception is exceptionally polite and friendly. Dr Hernandez is very professional with a kind and gentle disposition. World class service!
Wonderful experience, professional and kind. Be back again!


Boston Commuters & Middlesex Fells lovers rejoice! Located in Melrose, approx 7/10th of a mile to the Orange Line @ Oak Grove & mere moments to the Middlesex Fells for hiking & nature, this Cape has all the updates you want, the location you need & the urban lifestyle you seek. Filled with light, the stunning open concept kitchen with granite counters, soft-close cabinetry, stainless appliances & peninsula, open to the dining room, is perfect for creating fabulous meals & entertaining friends & family. Notable updates & features: Fireplace in living room, incredible mud room entry with built-ins, new hi-efficiency gas heat & hot water (2016) & a HUGE rear lot, fully fenced with garden area offers privacy & serenity. Bonus: Home is certified lead compliant. So close to all the shops, dining and recreation in Melrose. Plenty of opportunity to see this home at two open houses on Sat from Noon to 2 PM & on Sunday from 11:00 to 1 PM or schedule a private showing from Friday through Monday.


Command the same attention as the outlined hour markers and patterned bezel ringing the stainless steel case of this watch from Akribos XXIV. Its cohesive silver-tone link bracelet, crown and function pushers perfectly suit the sleek design of the overall watch. Find three chronograph subdials at its center, one of which proudly reads the date. Function pushers make operating all its functions simple and convenient!


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Q: Compare regression coefficient for different dependent variables I am currently reviewing a paper in which the authors perform the following analysis. They use the same set of independent variables to explain 3 different variables. The hypotheses are of the form: X has a stronger positive effect on Y1 than on Y2 and Y3.
The authors run separate regression models for the three DV's (Y1, Y2, Y3), each time with the same IV's. The sample is also identical, they just use a different scale to define the DV for each regression model.
so:
Y1 ~ a1 + b1X1 + c1X2 + d1X3 + e1
Y2 ~ a2 + b2X1 + c2X2 + d2X3 + e2
Y3 ~ a3 + b3X1 + c3X2 + d3X3 + e3
with hypotheses such as: c1 > c2 and c3, and all > 0
The authors then simple compare c1 with c2 and c3 and conclude that their hypothesis is supported because the fitted c1 is indeed positive and larger than c2 and c3.
To me, this feels incomplete. Seeing that c1 is larger than c2 doesn't mean the difference is statistically significant.
How should I respond in my review? I'd like to comment on this if the analysis is incorrect, but would also like to be able to suggest how the analysis could be done correctly.
I hope you can help.

A: If the three Y variables are on different scales, then the coefficients will vary, even if all three Y s are the same variable.
E.g. suppose $Y_1$ is height in inches and $Y_2$ is height in millimeters. Then $b_2 > b_1$ (and similarly for c, d).
One solution to this problem is to standardize all the variables prior to the analysis.
For testing the differences, see this thread

A: What needs clarification in the paper is the definition of the term "stronger effect"
In a linear regression set up, the estimated coefficients measure the marginal effect on the conditional expected value of the DV of a regressor while keeping the rest of the regressors fixed.
Assume then that
$$\frac {\partial \hat E(Y_1\mid \mathbf X)}{\partial X_1} = \hat c_1 > \hat c_2 = \frac {\partial \hat E(Y_2\mid \mathbf X)}{\partial X_1}$$
For example, say that $ \hat c_1 =10\hat c_2$. Now assume that the conditional means of the DV's over the regressors sample means are
$$\hat E(Y_1\mid \mathbf X=E(\mathbf X))  = 100\hat E(Y_2\mid \mathbf X=E(\mathbf X))$$
Then the elasticities , evaluated say at the regressor sample means are
$$\varepsilon_{Y_1,X_1} =\frac {\partial \hat E(Y_1\mid \mathbf X)}{\partial X_1} \cdot \frac {E(X_1)}{\hat E(Y_1\mid X=E(\mathbf X))} \\
= 10\hat c_2 \cdot \frac {E(X_1)}{100\hat E(Y_2\mid \mathbf X=E(\mathbf X))} = 0.01\varepsilon_{Y_2,X_1} < < \varepsilon_{Y_2,X_1}$$
While the marginal effect of $X_1$ on $Y_1$ is 10-fold higher in absolute terms, it is just 1% of the percentage effect that $X_1$ has on $Y_2$ (as measured by the elasticity).
This was just an example to show that the concept of "stronger effect" must be carefully defined and be justified in the context of the specific real-world phenomenon under study -it may be the case that the absolute and not the percentage effect is meaningful/relevant after all.
Your concern regarding whether the difference is statistically significant is also legitimate -but again, one must construct the framework into which one can formally test whether the difference is statistically significant or not.
Another methodological issue is that if $Y_3 = Y_1Y_2$ for internal consistency we have that
$$Y_3 = (a_1 + b_1X_1 + c_1X_2 + d_1X_3 + e_1)\cdot (a_2 + b_2X_1 + c_2X_2 + d_2X_3 + e_2)$$
If you carry the multiplication, you will obtain the internally consistent specification for the $Y_3$ DV. If then you match this specification with the postulated one in the paper, you will see that all sorts of relations between the coefficients arise, but also, squared regressors and interaction terms that are being "hidden" in the $e_3$ error term, creating endogeneity of the regressors, and hence undermining the validity of the estimation in the $Y_3$ equation.

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Nottingham Forest man named in World Cup's worst team as brutal ratings revealed
With the World Cup now over, one newspaper has named one Nottingham Forest player and another of the club's academy graduates in their worst team of the tournament
Wayne Hennessey and Gareth Bale were both included in this worst team of the tournament (Image: Dylan Martinez - Pool / Getty Images)
Nottingham Forest goalkeeper Wayne Hennessey has been named between the sticks by French sports newspaper L'Equipe in their worst team of the World Cup.
Hennessey, 35, played Wales' first two group games at the tournament ahead of Leicester City goalkeeper Danny Ward. The Dragons drew their first match against the United States of America but lost their next one to Iran after the Reds 'keeper received a straight red card late on before Team Melli scored two even later goals in added time to secure all three points.
As a result, Hennessey was suspended for the third and final fixture against England. Without the Forest goalkeeper, Wales went on to lose 3-0 and finish rock-bottom of Group B, having picked up just a solitary point from their first World Cup in 64 years.
READ MORE: Cooper 'opens door' for Forest transfer
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Those two performances, though, were enough to earn Hennessey a place in L'Equipe's worst team of the tournament, with a rating of just 3.5. The defence in front of him also includes another Forest connection in academy graduate Matty Cash.
The Aston Villa player also received a 3.5 rating, but across double the number of appearances as Poland reached the round of 16 before being eliminated by France. Hennessey's Wales teammate Gareth Bale also has a spot up front in the side with a rating of three.
L'Equipe's worst team of the tournament XI: Hennessey (Wales); Cash (Poland), Kanaani (Iran), Khoukhi (Qatar), Carrasco (Belgium); Skov Olsen (Denmark), Bielik (Poland), Zielinski (Poland), K. Diatta (Senegal); Bale (Wales), A. Contreras (Costa Rica)
What do you make of these ratings? Have your say in the comments...
Cooper receives instruction after discovering 'new Forest genius'
Forest injury latest on Kouyate, Niakhate, Richards ahead of Blackburn Rovers clash
Forest could look to Evangelos Marinakis as they draw up transfer plan for midfielder
Jesse Lingard makes transfer revelation as Evangelos Marinakis provides fresh option
All the latest Forest news in one place

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So you've put up the Christmas tree and lights, bought all your presents and now is the time to kick back and relax at Christmas. But as we all know, it's always a hard time trying to unwind as there's so much to do and so much to think about.
This could include things like financial issues, extra obligations and family dramas going on that can cause stress. More importantly, managing studies with all the Christmas arrangements and spending time with friends and family can also pile on the stress.
It's no doubt that all the big shopping centres will be jam-packed with a sea of people desperate to snap up some Christmas goodies for their loved ones.
Online shopping is the warmer and easier option, but check to make sure everything will arrive on time.
If you're worried about getting high stress levels over the Christmas period, then one of the ways to relax is aromatherapy.
Our wonderful Bath Bombs are a great way to help with this.
For example, they can help relieve headaches, ease tension, aid digestion, lift mood and calm emotions. You can use aromatherapy in massage and inhalation by using a diffuser.
Yes, we know that it's Christmas! So alcohol consumption is always inevitable. But alcohol is also dehydrating and makes you less able to handle stressful situations.
Alcohol is also a huge cause of low mood, irritability and can often make you prone to behaving aggressively.
Drinking less alcohol will make you relax at Christmas a lot better and help you maintain a better physical and mental wellbeing.
No Christmas would be complete without a great film! Lose yourself in Christmas classics such as Home Alone, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Love Actually and Elf, which are the ultimate go-to films for festive fun.
Also, watching films can help us create a healthy distance from any problems or issues we have and decreases stress hormones through laughing.
During periods of stress, our heartbeat drastically increases and breathing shallows as part of the fight or flight reaction. Take very slow deep breaths through your nose and this'll help reduce stressful feelings.
Deep breathing will cause lots of beneficial changes in the brain so that you'll cope with stressful situations better and relax at Christmas.
Save some time to engage in activities that you enjoy the most. That may possibly include reading a great book, have a relaxing bath, go for a walk, plan a spa day or watch some TV.
There's nothing wrong with having a little bit of escapism and 'me-time' every now and then.
Our sleep patterns can tend to be all over the place during the Christmas holidays. So it's important that you're not only able to fully relax at Christmas, but you're able to sleep properly.
Get a better night's sleep and make sure that you keep your stress levels down.
Advanced preparation is highly necessary, if you want to really relax at Christmas. Knowing that you've got as much done as possible is a huge relief. So start off by making a list of things that you need to do or get for Christmas, such as shopping, food and presents.
Make sure you prioritise things on the list and decide how important they are and whether they can wait till later on. It'll also leave some necessary time for fitting studying around those extra commitments.
There's so much financial pressure over the Christmas period. Buying food, drink, presents and decorations are bound to burn a massive hole in your bank balance.
Being in control of your finances and budgeting effectively makes Christmas a lot less stressful, will help you sleep better and relax at Christmas.
It's therefore important to curb your spending and stick to an affordable budget and avoid getting into any debt.
The pressure to be perfect and feeling pressured to get the absolute the perfect gift for loved ones is often the high point of stress.
Just take a deep breath, have faith in yourself and believe that you've done your absolute best.


ThemeParkMama: Today Only: 25% Off All Reebok Outlet Shorts!
Looking around, there are lots of bare legs making their way into the breeze these days as summer brings warmer temperatures. Time to hit the latest Reebok Outlet Sale! Save 25%—that's on top of already discounted prices—on shorts for men, women and kids! Running, CrossFit, working out at the gym or just playing on the playground, there is something for everyone at this sale. Just use promo code: SHORTS14 at checkout, but be sure to hurry since this sale only runs Friday, June 6th.


Nice large ranch with fireplaced living room & a 2nd fireplace in the partially finished basement! This home has 3 bedrooms & 1.5 bathrooms! Need somewhere to park the cars this winter, then you'll appreciate the nice big 2 car garage. Convenient location with easy access to Route 2 or the MART! This is a HomePath Property.


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Study: A Diet Rich in Fish Reduces Childhood Asthma
5 Best Home Remedies for Itchy Scalp
Georgia Landry - Nov 20, 2019
Itchy scalp or Scalp pruritus, is a common condition. There are many various causes. Dandruff called seborrheic dermatitis and inflammatory skin condition are the...
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Eating fish such as trout, salmon, and sardines can significantly help in reducing asthma symptoms in children, a study led by Australian researchers have reported.
The international study found that children with asthma, who followed a healthy Mediterranean diet that were enriched with fatty fish had improved lung function after 6 months.
Lead researcher Maria Papamichael, from La Trobe said the findings added to a growing body of research evidence, that a healthy diet could be a potential therapy for childhood asthma.
"We already know that a diet high in sugar, fat, and salt can influence the progression and development of asthma in children, and now we have evidence that it is also possible to help manage asthma symptoms by eating healthy," Ms. Papamichael said.
"Fatty fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Our study showed that eating fish just twice a week can significantly decrease lung inflammation in children with asthma."
Head of La Trobe's School of Allied Health and Co-researcher, Professor Catherine Itsiopoulos, said the results were promising.
"Following a traditional Mediterranean diet that is rich in oily fish and plant-based foods could be a safe, easy and effective way to reduce asthma symptoms in children," Professor Itsiopoulos said.
Associate Professor Bircan Erbas, from La Trobe's School of Psychology and Public Health, is an expert in allergies and asthma, who co-supervised the trial.
"Asthma is the most common respiratory disease in young people, and is also one of the leading reasons for trips to emergency and hospitalisations for children," Associate Professor Erbas said.
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"Unfortunately, the rate of asthma worldwide remains high. It is imperative that we identify new therapies that can be use alongside conventional asthma medications."
The clinical trial involved 64 children from Athens in Greece, whose age ranges from 5-12, who had mild asthma. Researchers from Greece and Australia divided the children into 2 groups, and instructed around half to eat 2 meals of cooked fatty fish (of at least 150 grams), as part of the Greek Mediterranean diet weekly for six months. The remaining children followed their normal diet.
At the end of the trial, the researchers reported the group who ate fish had reduced their bronchial inflammation by 14 units. Above 10 units is significant under international guidelines.
You can find the study's findings in the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.
More information: M. M. Papamichael et al. Efficacy of a Mediterranean diet that is supplemented with fatty fish in ameliorating inflammation in paediatric asthma: a randomised controlled trial, Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (2018). DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12609
Medicalxpress
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1. Robert Johnson
2. Elvis Presley
3. The Beatles
4. The Rolling Stones
5. Simon & Garfunkel
6. Hawkwind
7. David Bowie
8. Pink Floyd
9. Black Sabbath
10. Queen
11. The Osmonds
12. The Great Vinyl Shortage
13. Glam Rock
14. The Great Disco Rush
15. Punk
16. Elvis Costello
17. Goths
18. Guns N' Roses
19. The Jarvis
20. The Spice Girls
21. The White Stripes
Part 9. Black Sabbath
When Tony Iommi was a widdle boy he ate rock and roll, slept rock and roll, breathed 100% enriched premium grade rock and roll. There was nothing he wanted more than to strut across a stage thrashing out power chords on his wailing axe; nothing he yearned for greater than to be revered by a baying crowd sent into paroxysm of ecstasy by the sheer awesomeness of his legendary technique.
So it came as something as a disappointment to him when he left school and went to work on the night shift in a West Midlands pudding factory.
Flan pumps
Minding the flan pumps and overseeing the syrup deliveries were about as far away from music as you could get, and so Iommi would often slope off to some deserted part of the factory to practice his fingering technique on a Swiss roll. Often he would just sit behind the cream silos in the fudge packing room and dream of the big time as he watched the night sky pass through midnight phases of blue and purple and jet black.
Here he would hear the hypnotic hooting of barn owls and catch glimpses of their shining eyes through the grubby factory window as their dark silhouettes hopped from tree to tree. But there was always one that sounded different. It seemed bigger, louder and curiously more rock and roll.
A fleeting glimpse
Then finally one night he caught a fleeting glimpse as it swept past the window, dressed in just its underpants and with its hair on fire. Shaped like a man, it moved like an owl and smelt like a tractor, and over successive nights Iommi managed to tempt it closer with handfuls of pilfered chocolate sprinkles.
Over time he struck up a rapport with the shambling, wide-eyed creature, which he nicknamed 'Ozzy'. Abandoned as a child, Ozzy had been raised by a wise old owl called Hooty Mange Feather and now had a fear of the colour blue and was allergic to Smurfs. Like Iommi he also had a complete set of Topps football cards except for Charlie George of Derby County, and so Iommi asked Ozzy to join his new band, Black Sabbath.
Cake lathe
But then tragedy struck one night when Iommi was working on the cake lathe - an unstable ingot of suet exploded and took off the ends of his fingers. The talented guitarist thought that he would never weld a Belgian bun again until, in a moment of sheer genius, he managed to fashion replacement finger tips from some trifle sponges.
He was back in the game. Or at least he was until his kneecaps were crushed a few days later as he was unloading a length of profiterole from a flatbed truck. Ever resourceful, Iommi made himself a pair of jelly knees, and it was perhaps no surprise that an increase in what doctors call 'wobbliness' subsequently caused him to topple over and get dragged into the custard press.
He managed to struggle free, but not without losing a foot, although he was competent enough by now to improvise a replacement with half a chocolate éclair and some liquorice bootlaces.
70% cake
By the end of the month Iommi's run of bad luck meant that he was almost 70% cake and as he was rapidly approaching his sell-by date his employers had no option but to let him go. Fortunately, Iommi's long nights of planning and practicing were about to pay off with the release of Black Sabbath's first album. It was an instant hit with music lovers and ornithologists alike and since that time most of the band have never looked back, with the exception of Ozzy who can rotate his head 270° and so consequently tends to do that kind of thing rather a lot.
None of this is true, by the way.
Ricky Stratocaster would like to thank well-wishers for the fruit and is confident that the rash will clear up in the next few days.
Return to 'The History of Rock'
New crime prevention initiative.
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The Devil's Arse on Tour
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Food Banking
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'Team bonding, goal setting, table top brainstorming.'


Adjectives are describing words that are vital to making a student's piece of writing more interesting and engaging for the reader. This collection of teaching resources includes games, posters, worksheets and activities to use in your elementary school classroom when learning about this fundamental part of speech.
A flip book to use when learning about parts of speech.
A set of 60 flashcards covering nouns, verbs, and adjectives as well as 3 colorful sorting pockets to create a colorful display.
A poster providing a definition and example of a concrete poem (or shape poem).
A worksheet activity designed to help prompt students to be more descriptive when describing nouns with colors.
A fun game to play when learning about the properties of materials.
A worksheet to use when learning about the properties of materials.
A card game for nouns, verbs and adjectives.
A set of 6 grammar worksheets created for middle years.


Students from Plockton's National Centre of Excellence in Traditional Music will bring a busy period of performances to a close with their upcoming annual Christmas concert.
As well as two performances at the Scottish Parliament and multiple Blas gigs, students took part in the 8th National Showcase of Excellence at the City of Edinburgh Music School, joining up with pupils from Aberdeen City Music School, the City of Edinburgh Music School and the Music School of Douglas Academy to perform a varied programme of both solo and ensemble items.
On Monday (5th December) Sgoil Chiùil na Gàidhealtachd will welcome Fred Morrison — one of Scotland's great pipes and whistle players — back for a concert in Plockton Village Hall at 8pm. The evening promises great music on Highland bagpipes, whistles, Scottish small pipes, reel pipes and Irish uilleann pipes and some of the centre's students will also perform.
Bringing the busy term to a close will be the centre's Christmas Concert in Plockton High School on Saturday 10th December at 7.30pm with entry by donation. The evening will also see the launch of the latest Sgoil Chiùil na Gàidhealtachd CD – 'The Right Path'.


text:
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Mordy Ferber, "Reflection"
Mordy Ferber, "Reflection"
By: Bill Donaldson
Though Mordy Ferber remains relatively unknown to the general public, his work doesn't remain unheard. Those fortunate enough to catch Ferber in a club may be entranced by his haunting compositions and inspired delivery, but anyone who watches television may have heard his themes on shows like Everybody Loves Raymond or Six Feet Under. Learning guitar as a boy in Israel, Ferber absorbed seemingly disparate influences along the way to Reflection, his latest and much welcomed album. Those influences include The Beatles, Carlos Santana, Jimi Hendrix, Herbie Hancock, McCoy Tyner and Keith Jarrett. The range of Ferber's interests and their synthesis into a unique style appear on Reflection, which includes vastly different moods not as a showcase for multi-faceted talent, but as a means of expression by an artist to investigate with unfettered ability various means of expression, not to mention a few flights of fancy. But the unexpected is what we expect from Ferber as he explores in depth notions that may intrigue him, such as what Fred Astaire may have done during a performance in Chicago, whenever that may have been.
And so we have, intriguingly, "Fred Astaire in Chicago," a lilting waltz of undulating fluidity, not to mention grace, that is notable not just for its droll imagination, but also for the way that guitar and piano, two chorded instruments, seamlessly complement each other. Ferber's affinity for keyboardists in his group extends to his previous album, Being There, which included the equally excellent Brad Hatfield. Generously, Ferber allows pianist Greg Goebel virtually to sweep away with the performance of "Fred Astaire in Chicago" after Ferber's first two choruses establish melody and variation.
However, the album clearly is a product of Ferber's talent and expansive creative impulses as he draws on other divergent influences, like Yitzhak Rabin in "Rabin," wherein Todd Strait's drumming comes more into play for setting mood. With a more solemn and pensive atmosphere, Ferber plays the tribute with a modicum of reverb as bassist Dave Captein performs in unison with him. Ferber's improvisation, affecting though it may be, remains understated, reflective and unhurried. The guitarist's dedication to his mother, "Zipora," is equally emotional in its medium-tempo simplicity, this time without effects.
In contrast, "Tuaca," with its quick lines of introduction executed with flawless buzzing alacrity (perhaps as a musical simulation of the effects of the liqueur), contrasts markedly with the heart-felt personal musical sketches on Reflection. Ferber brings in tenor saxophonist Rob Davis to heighten the tension of "Tuaca," which alternates between the gone-before-you-know-it signature phrase of onrushing urgency—and silence. Finally, the vibrating force of "Tuaca," with the wildness of Ferber's guitar distortions and Davis's furious improvisation, is resolved by Captein's energetic yet lower-volume extended bass solo. "Wait Till You Get Your Supply," a rocking fusionistic piece with Goebel on Fender Rhodes seems more restrained but still allows for Ferber to break loose, as if unchained, for the head-bobbing melody with reverberating and echoing rhythmic and melodic liberties.
Supplying contrast again, Ferber completed his Reflection with his quiet, gorgeous song (if only words were provided), "River of Life," effects and excitations abandoned for"Pavane"-like direct acoustic appeal.
Again, Mordy Ferber has proven himself to be absolutely chameleonic on guitar, composing and playing pieces as varied and emotionally magnetic as the breadth of his experiences and talent allow.
www.mordyferber.com
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text:
\section*{S\lowercase{ection}~A: Profiles for the DFT calculations}

Our analysis is based mostly on simple tight-binding models or
on a fragment molecular orbital method~\cite{Kitaura} in combination with a DFT method
for organic molecules. We used a first-principles electronic structure calculation code
called \textsc{openmx}~\cite{openmx} for the DFT calculations. In \textsc{openmx},
one-particle wave functions are expressed by the linear combination of pseudoatomic basis
functions (LCPAO) and the norm-conserving pseudopotentials are used. We used the
generalized gradient approximation represented by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof
(GGA-PBE)~\cite{PBE} for the exchange-correlation potential. A self-consistent loop
was iterated until the energy was relaxed with the error of $10^{-10}$ Hartree.
The geometric optimization of internal coordinates was also iterated until the force
became smaller than $10^{-4}$ Hartree/Bohr with a constraint on the molecules to
be completely planar.

In order to calculate the molecular orbitals of the proposed ionic ligands,
we used an energy cutoff of 500 Ry for the numerical integrations and the solution
of the Poisson equation using the fast Fourier transformation algorithm.
As basis functions, 2$s$, 2$p$, 3$s$, 3$p$, and 3$d$-orbitals
for C, N, O, 3$s$, 3$p$, 3$d$, 4$s$, and 4$p$-orbitals for S,
and 1$s$, 2$s$, 2$p$-orbitals for H were employed. In \textsc{openmx},
the excess charge of the ionic state of the ligands is compensated by
a uniform background electronic charge with an opposite sign, which is
an artificial approximation for the numerical reason. All the calculations
are done without including a spin-orbit coupling or spin polarization.
The results of these calculations are included mostly in this Supplemental Material.

In addition, the crystal data for Fig.~S\ref{hyper} was taken from
the Cambridge Structural Database~\cite{CSD} in order to show the hyperhoneycomb structure.

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{hyper.png}
\caption{Hyperhoneycomb structure of a metal-oxalate framework. This structure is included in~\cite{hyper} (Cu: blue, C: brown, O: red), reconstructed from the crystal data taken from CSD-KEDJAG in the Cambridge Structural Database~\cite{CSD}.
The auxiliary structure other than metal ions and oxalate ions are omitted for simplicity.}
\label{hyper}
\end{figure}

\section*{S\lowercase{ection}~B: Calculated molecular orbitals}

Using the conditions for \textsc{openmx}~\cite{openmx} described in Section~A,
we calculated the molecular orbitals near the Fermi energy for three oxalate-based ligands
(\textbf{1} with $E$ = O, NH, S in Fig.~2(a) in the main text, corresponding to (a), (c), (d) in Fig.~S\ref{mf}, respectively) and one
tetraaminopyrazine-based ligand (\textbf{3} in Fig.~2(a) in the main text, corresponding to (b) in Fig.~S\ref{mf}),
based on DFT. After the geometric optimization, all the molecules are relaxed
to have a $D_{2h}$ symmetry.

\begin{table}
        \centering
        \caption{\label{param}Parameters for each molecule estimated from DFT calculations.}
        \begin{ruledtabular}
        \begin{tabular}{cccccc}
                & molecule & formula & $t_{\pi\pi}$ (eV) & $t_{\pi^*\pi^*}$ (eV) & $V_{\pi^*}-V_\pi$ (eV) \\
                \hline
                (a) & oxalate & (C$_2$O$_4$)$^{2-}$ & 0.153 & 1.631 & 6.474 \\
                (b) & (C$_4$N$_6$H$_4$)$^{2-}$ & & 0.208 & 1.501 & 4.107 \\
                (c) & tetraaminooxalate & (C$_2$N$_4$H$_4$)$^{2-}$ & 0.215 & 1.526 & 5.091 \\
                (d) & tetrathiooxalate & (C$_2$S$_4$)$^{2-}$ & 0.238 & 1.201 & 3.012
        \end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{mf.pdf}
\caption{Structure formulae of the proposed ligands listed in Table~\ref{param}.
(a) Oxalate, an ionized form of \textbf{1} with $E$ = O in Fig.~2(a) in the main text.
(b) (C$_4$N$_6$H$_4$)$^{2-}$, an ionized form of \textbf{3} in Fig.~2(a) in the main text.
(c) Tetraaminooxalate, an ionized form of \textbf{1} with $E$ = NH in Fig.~2(a) in the main text.
(d) Tetrathiooxalate, an ionized form of \textbf{1} with $E$ = S in Fig.~2(a) in the main text.
}
\label{mf}
\end{figure}

In the case of oxalate shown in Fig.~S\ref{mf}(a),
the $\pi$-conjugated highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) localized along the boundaries consist mostly of oxygen $p_z$-orbitals and are well-separated from each other.
We can thus easily express these orbitals by linear combinations of upper-half and lower-half ``fragment molecular orbitals'' (fMOs) localized
along each boundary.
(Here we regard the $y$-direction in Fig.~S\ref{mo} as the vertical direction,
viewing from the $z$-direction.)
The calculated HOMO, HOMO$-1$ and HOMO$-2$ are $\sigma$-orbitals with oxygen $s$-orbitals and thus
 ignored here, because they cannot hybridize with the Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals.
(HOMO$-n$ refers to the molecular orbital $n$-th in the energy
below the highest occupied one.)
The calculated HOMO$-3$ shown in Fig.~S\ref{mo}(a)
(resp. HOMO$-4$ shown in Fig.~S\ref{mo}(b)) is an
antisymmetric (resp. symmetric) $\pi$-conjugated HOMO ($\pi$-HOMO in short) of oxalate and we define the
creation operator for this state as $a^\dagger$
(resp. $b^\dagger$). Actually, we could decompose this orbital by
$a^\dagger=(u^\dagger-l^\dagger)/\sqrt{2}$
(resp. $b^\dagger=(u^\dagger+l^\dagger)/\sqrt{2}$) using the upper-half
fMO $u^\dagger$ shown in Fig.~S\ref{mo}(c) and the
lower-half fMO $l^\dagger$ shown in Fig.~S\ref{mo}(d). If we
regard the potential energy of the two fMOs as $V_\pi$ and define a
hopping $-t_{\pi\pi}$ between these two orbitals, then it
can easily be concluded that HOMOs $a^\dagger (b^\dagger) = (u^\dagger
\mp l^\dagger)/\sqrt{2}$ have an energy of $V_\pi \pm t_{\pi\pi},$
respectively. From the calculated energy of HOMO$-3$ and HOMO$-4,$ we
can estimate the value of $V_\pi$ and $t_{\pi\pi}.$ Similarly, we can
decompose the $\pi$-conjugated lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals
(LUMOs) (LUMO and LUMO$+1$ shown in Fig.~S\ref{mo}(e) and
Fig.~S\ref{mo}(f), respectively, in the case of oxalate) into two pieces and estimate the
value of the potential energy $V_{\pi^*}$ and the hopping
$t_{\pi^*\pi^*}$ for these LUMOs. (LUMO$+n$ refers to the molecular orbital $n$-th in the energy
above the lowest unoccupied one.)  In Table~\ref{param},
we summarize the value of $t_{\pi\pi},$ $t_{\pi^*\pi^*},$ and
$V_{\pi^*}-V_\pi$ obtained in this way for each ligand molecule.  The
absolute values of the potential energy $V_{\pi}$ and $V_{\pi^*}$
obtained in the present calculation are not quite meaningful if molecules
are included in actual MOFs.  However, the difference $V_{\pi^*}-V_\pi$ is physical
and thus is listed in Table~\ref{param}.

In the case of (C$_4$N$_6$H$_4$)$^{2-}$ shown in Fig.~S\ref{mf}(b), the two $\pi$-HOMOs shown in Fig.~S\ref{mo}(g)
and Fig.~S\ref{mo}(h) are just below the Fermi energy even in the vacuum
and there is no irrelevant $\sigma$-HOMO between the Fermi energy and
these $\pi$-HOMOs.
In the case of tetraaminooxalate shown in Fig.~S\ref{mf}(c),
the two $\pi$-HOMOs shown in Fig.~S\ref{mo}(i) and Fig.~S\ref{mo}(j) have the same property.

Since tetrathiooxalate shown in Fig.~S\ref{mf}(d) might be able to coordinate almost octahedrally to the metal ion $M^{3+},$ ($M$ = Ru, Os, etc.)
i.e. \mbox{$\angle$ (S --- $M$ --- S) $\sim 90\degree$}, the replacement of $E$ = O
by S could possibly lead to a better ligand field~\cite{Itoi}
for the Jackeli-Khaliullin mechanism~\cite{Jackeli},
in terms of coupling to the $M$ = Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals.
On the other hand,
the DFT calculation suggests that the $\pi$-HOMOs shown in
Fig.~S\ref{mo}(k) and Fig.~S\ref{mo}(l) are not as degenerate in
tetrathiooxalate as in oxalate.
This is rather disadvantageous for the cancellation of the Heisenberg
interaction due to the Jackeli-Khaliullin mechanism, as we discussed
in the main text.
By comparing Table~\ref{param} and Fig.~S\ref{mo}, we can see that $t_{\pi\pi}$
grows (O $<$ NH $<$ S) as the wavefunction around chalcogen (or NH)
expands.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=14cm]{mo.pdf}
\caption{Molecular orbitals of ligands. (a) Antisymmetric HOMO$-3$ of oxalate created by $a^\dagger=(u^\dagger-l^\dagger)/\sqrt{2}$ with an energy $E=-2.089$ eV. (b) Symmetric HOMO$-4$ of oxalate created by $b^\dagger=(u^\dagger+l^\dagger)/\sqrt{2}$ with $E=-2.396$ eV. (c) Upper-half fMO of oxalate created by $u^\dagger.$ (d) Lower-half fMO of oxalate created by $l^\dagger.$ (e) Symmetric LUMO of oxalate with $E=2.6$ eV (criterion). (f) Antisymmetric LUMO$+1$ of oxalate with $E=5.862$ eV. (g) Antisymmetric HOMO of (C$_4$N$_6$H$_4$)$^{2-}$ with $E=-1.418$ eV. (h) Symmetric HOMO$-1$ of (C$_4$N$_6$H$_4$)$^{2-}$ with $E=-1.833$ eV. (i) Antisymmetric HOMO of tetraaminooxalate with $E=-1.531$ eV. (j) Symmetric HOMO$-1$ of tetraaminooxalate with $E=-1.961$ eV. (k) Antisymmetric HOMO$-2$ of tetrathiooxalate with $E=-1.497$~eV. (l) Symmetric HOMO$-5$ of tetrathiooxalate with $E=-1.973$ eV. In each panel, yellow and blue bubbles represent plus and minus isosurfaces, respectively (C: brown, O: red, H: white, N: light blue, C: yellow for atoms).}
\label{mo}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=14cm]{figs.pdf}
\caption{Tight-binding model for superexchange interactions. (a) Tight-binding model for the oxalate ion with NN and 2NN interactions. (b) 3NN and 4NN interactions which break the degeneracy. (c) Tight-binding model for the superexchange pathways between the Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals.
(d) Upper-half superexchange pathway for the $\pi$-HOMOs of oxalate. (e) Upper-half superexchange pathway for the $\pi$-LUMOs of oxalate. The signs of the contribution to the spin model are different between the two because the superposition coefficients of the oxygen $p_z$-orbitals are different in the DFT calculations (compare Fig.~S\ref{mo}(a) and Fig.~S\ref{mo}(b) to Fig.~S\ref{mo}(e) and Fig.~S\ref{mo}(f)).
(f) Possible superexchange pathway between the Ru $d_{xy}$-orbitals. (g) HOMO$-8$ (deep $\sigma$-orbital) of oxalate with $E=-6.150$ eV when viewed from the $z$-direction, which has the symmetry to hybridize to the Ru $d_{xy}$-orbitals.
(h) HOMO$-10$ with $E=-6.628$ eV. (i) HOMO$-12$ with $E=-10.40$ eV.}
\label{figs}
\end{figure}

\section*{S\lowercase{ection}~C: Edge states from the tight-binding model}

In order to understand the physical origin of the nearly-degenerate
$\pi$-HOMO states, which are important for the realization
of the Jackeli-Khaliullin mechanism,
we discuss a tight-binding model (or LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbitals) H\"uckel approximation) for the ligand molecules.
As an example, here we discuss the simplest case of oxalate
as the ligand molecule.
We consider the six 2$p_z$-orbitals of C and O atoms of oxalate.
Assuming the planar structure and $D_{2h}$ symmetry of oxalate, the tight-binding hopping Hamiltonian in the first-quantized form should be written in the following $6\times 6$ matrix.
\begin{equation}
H_\textrm{ox}=
\begin{pmatrix}
0 & -t_\textrm{OO}^\prime & -t_\textrm{OC} & -t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime} & -t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime} & -t_\textrm{OC}^\prime \\
 -t_\textrm{OO}^\prime & 0 & -t_\textrm{OC} & -t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime} & -t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime} & -t_\textrm{OC}^\prime \\
 -t_\textrm{OC} & -t_\textrm{OC} & \Delta & -t_\textrm{OC}^\prime & -t_\textrm{OC}^\prime & -t_\textrm{CC}\\
 -t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime} & -t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime} & -t_\textrm{OC}^\prime & 0 & -t_\textrm{OO}^\prime & -t_\textrm{OC} \\
 -t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime} & -t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime} & -t_\textrm{OC}^\prime & -t_\textrm{OO}^\prime & 0 & -t_\textrm{OC} \\
 -t_\textrm{OC}^\prime & -t_\textrm{OC}^\prime & -t_\textrm{CC} & -t_\textrm{OC} & -t_\textrm{OC} & \Delta
\end{pmatrix},
\end{equation}
where $\Delta$ is the difference in the potential energy between O and C, the 2$p_z$-orbital of each atom is numbered and the real-valued hopping parameters are defined as shown in Fig.~S\ref{figs}(a) and Fig.~S\ref{figs}(b).

First, we ignore the further-neighbor interactions by setting
$t_\textrm{OO}^\prime=t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime}=t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime}=t_\textrm{OC}^\prime=0,$
and consider only the potential energy and the nearest-neighbor (NN)
interactions. In this case, by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian, we get one
pair of positive-energy modes, another pair of negative-energy modes,
and two degenerate zero-energy modes, $(1,-1,0,0,0,0)/\sqrt{2}$ and
$(0,0,0,1,-1,0)/\sqrt{2}$ as energy eigenstates.
In the present material, $\pi$-conjugated molecular orbitals are
$2/3$-filled, and thus these degenerate pairs of states correspond
to $\pi$-HOMOs.
Namely, the double degeneracy of the $\pi$-HOMO states is
exact in the limit where only NN hoppings are allowed.
These two degenerate
zero modes are similar to the $k=\pi$ zigzag edge modes of
graphene, and thereby localized on the O atoms.
Therefore, the (nearly) degenerate $\pi$-HOMOs can be physically
interpreted as ``edge states'' along the upper
and lower sides of the ligand molecule.

Let us now discuss the effects of further-neighbor hoppings.
We find that, because of the symmetry of the molecule,
the second-nearest-neighbor (2NN) interactions
$t_\textrm{OO}^\prime$ and $t_\textrm{OC}^\prime$ do not
lift the degeneracy of $\pi$-HOMOs even though they may shift
their overall energy.
Thus, the degeneracy is only lifted by introducing the
third-nearest-neighbor (3NN) hopping $t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime}$
or the fourth-nearest-neighbor (4NN) hopping
$t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime}$ shown in Fig.~S\ref{figs}(b) with an energy split of
$2t_{\pi\pi}=2(t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime}-t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime}).$
Therefore, in terms of the tight-binding model,
we can identify the effective tunneling
matrix element $t_{\pi\pi}$ between the two $\pi$-HOMOs
with
$t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime}-t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime}.$
It is naturally expected that this value would be smaller than the NN
and 2NN interactions, as they involve longer-range hoppings.
From the DFT calculation, we obtain
$t_{\pi\pi}=0.153$ eV.
The smallness of this value, compared to the other energy scale
$V_{\pi^*}-V_\pi = 6.474$ eV, indeed reflects this mechanism.

Since the 4NN hopping $t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime\prime}$
would be suppressed more strongly than the
3NN one $t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime},$
we can approximately identify
$t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime} \sim t_{\pi\pi}=0.153$ eV.
We note that, even this small
value of $t_{\pi\pi}$ may be an overestimation in our calculation
done for the ligand molecule in vacuum;
in the actual metal-organic frameworks, there is an electron
density from the Ru atoms between the upper and lower oxygens, which would
screen the hopping between the oxygens and thus
suppress $t_\textrm{OO}^{\prime\prime}.$
The analysis here applies to all of the oxalate family;
the nearly-degenerate $\pi$-HOMOs can be similarly understood as
``edge states,'' which are exactly degenerate within the tight-binding
approximation with the NN and 2NN hoppings.

Finally, we comment on the tetraaminopyrazine case in the
qualitative level. In the analysis similar to the oxalate case,
we find two edge states also for this ligand molecule.
However, unlike the oxalate case,
these states are split due to the incomplete
degeneracy of the renormalized
potential energy of the three N atoms, or the discrepancy between the
2NN interactions between the N and C atoms.
As a consequence, $t_{\pi\pi}$ should be larger in
the tetraaminopyrazine case than in the oxalate case, which agrees with
the DFT results shown in Table~\ref{param}. We also note that there is no
reason to expect near-degeneracy in dhbq$^{2-}$ or $X_2$An$^{2-}$ (dhbq = 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, $X$ = Cl, Br, etc. and An = anilate) and the
difference between these ligands and the tetraaminopyrazine-based ligand
comes from the substantial potential difference between the chalcogen $p_z$-orbital
and the C $p_z$-orbital.

\section*{S\lowercase{ection}~D: Derivation of the JK$\Gamma$ model}

We construct a microscopic
model for the superexchange between the Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals via the planar organic ligand
in the $xy$ plane using the fMO method.  We mostly consider superexchange pathways through
the $\pi$-conjugated system, i.e. $p_z$-orbitals. Actually, the symmetry allows hybridization
between the Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals and the $p_x$ or $p_y$-orbitals of chalcogens (or nitrogen)
and they can form $\sigma$-HOMOs or $\sigma^*$-LUMOs of the organic ligand. However,
the DFT results suggest that such orbitals will not form any superexchange pathways near
the Fermi energy for oxalate and tetraaminopyrazine, and there only remains
$\sigma$-HOMOs or $\sigma^*$-LUMOs with $s$-orbitals (or the orbitals with the same
symmetry when viewed from Ru) on oxygens (in the case of oxalate), which cannot be
hybridized with the Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals near the Fermi level. For oxalate, the first
$\sigma$-HOMO that contributes to the superexchange interaction is HOMO$-8$ far below
the Fermi energy and we mostly consider the contribution of this orbital from $\sigma$-HOMOs.

For $\pi$-HOMOs, we divide the $\pi$-conjugated molecular orbital of the organic ligand
into the upper-half fMO with a creation operator $u^\dagger$ and the lower-half fMO with
a creation operator $l^\dagger,$ as shown in Fig.~S\ref{figs}(c). If we define a real-valued
hopping amplitude $-t_{\pi\pi}$ between these two fMOs, it can easily be concluded that
HOMOs $(u^\dagger \pm l^\dagger)/\sqrt{2}$ would be split with the energy of
$V_{\pi} \mp t_{\pi\pi},$ respectively, assuming the potential energy of the $\pi$-HOMOs
as $V_{\pi}.$ If we regard $u^\dagger$ and $l^\dagger$ as $p_z$-orbitals of two oxygens
between Ir$^{4+}$ in iridates~\cite{Jackeli}, we can conclude that the superexchange
interaction would be completely Kitaev-type by the Jackeli-Khaliullin mechanism when
$t_{\pi\pi}=0.$ It is known that the Kitaev interaction comes from the off-diagonal
hopping between $t_{2g}$-orbitals, such as between $d_{xz}$ and $d_{yz},$ while the
Heisenberg interaction mainly comes from the diagonal part. The diagonal element of
the hopping matrix always needs the hopping between $u^\dagger$ and $l^\dagger$
somewhere in the superexchange pathway, so it must be important to newly include
the effect of $t_{\pi\pi}$ to estimate the interactions other than the Kitaev term.
By comparing with the results in the previous section, we can regard the
$u^\dagger$ state as $(1,-1,0,0,0,0)/\sqrt{2}$ and the $l^\dagger$ state
as $(0,0,0,1,-1,0)/\sqrt{2}$ in oxalate.
We note that the present fMO analysis does not require the near-degeneracy
of $\pi$-HOMOs, although the near-degeneracy is advantageous for
the Jackeli-Khaliullin mechanism.
In fact, in the explicit derivation of the effective model,
we can see how the near-degeneracy is important for the suppression
of the Heisenberg term.

The model Hamiltonian in the second-quantized form is
\begin{equation}
        H = -t_{d\pi} (u^\dagger d_{yz}^L+l^\dagger d_{xz}^L+u^\dagger d_{xz}^R+l^\dagger d_{yz}^R+h.c.) +V_\pi(u^\dagger u+l^\dagger l)-t_{\pi\pi} (u^\dagger l+l^\dagger u),
\end{equation}
where $-t_{d\pi}$ is a real-valued hopping element between the Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals and
the fMO, $V_\pi$ is a potential energy which electrons from Ru feel on the fMOs, and
$d_{i}^L$ (resp. $d_{i}^R$) is the annihilation operator of an electron on the
Ru $d_i$-orbital on the left (resp. right) side in Fig.~S\ref{figs}(c).

We define $b^\dagger=(u^\dagger+l^\dagger)/\sqrt{2}$ and $a^\dagger=(u^\dagger-l^\dagger)/\sqrt{2}$ to diagonalize the $t_{\pi\pi}$ term,
\begin{equation}
        H = -\frac{t_{d\pi}}{\sqrt{2}}[(a^\dagger+b^\dagger)d_{yz}^L+(b^\dagger-a^\dagger)d_{xz}^L+(a^\dagger+b^\dagger)d_{xz}^R+(b^\dagger-a^\dagger)d_{yz}^R+h.c.]+(V_\pi+t_{\pi\pi})a^\dagger a+(V_\pi-t_{\pi\pi})b^\dagger b.
\end{equation}
Then, we get an effective hopping matrix via $\pi$-HOMOs $H_\textrm{dd}^\pi$ between
the Ru $d$-orbitals from the second-order perturbation in $t_{d\pi}/|V_\pi\pm t_{\pi\pi}|$
by integrating out the $b$ and $a$ states.
\begin{equation}
        H_{dd}^{\pi} = -\frac{t_{d\pi}^2 t_{\pi\pi}}{V_\pi^2-t_{\pi\pi}^2} (d_{yz}^{L\dagger} d_{yz}^R+d_{xz}^{L\dagger} d_{xz}^R)-\frac{t_{d\pi}^2 V_\pi}{V_\pi^2-t_{\pi\pi}^2} (d_{yz}^{L\dagger} d_{xz}^R+d_{xz}^{L\dagger} d_{yz}^R) +h.c.
\end{equation}

We can repeat a similar calculation to derive the hopping matrix via the $\pi^*$-LUMOs
of the organic ligand. If we define a potential energy $V_{\pi^*}$ for the LUMOs,
a real-valued hopping $-t_{\pi^*\pi^*}$ between the LUMOs and a real-valued hopping
$-t_{d\pi^*}$ between the Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals and the LUMO, we get an effective
hopping matrix $H_{dd}^{\pi^*}$ as
\begin{equation}
        H_{dd}^{\pi^*} = \frac{t_{d\pi^*}^2 t_{\pi^*\pi^*}}{V_{\pi^*}^2-t_{\pi^*\pi^*}^2} (d_{yz}^{L\dagger} d_{yz}^R+d_{xz}^{L\dagger} d_{xz}^R)+\frac{t_{d\pi^*}^2 V_{\pi^*}}{V_{\pi^*}^2-t_{\pi^*\pi^*}^2} (d_{yz}^{L\dagger} d_{xz}^R+d_{xz}^{L\dagger} d_{yz}^R) +h.c.
\end{equation}
We have to note that the HOMOs and the LUMOs contribute to the effective hopping with
different signs due to the difference in the superposition coefficients of the oxygen
$p_z$-orbitals (see Fig.~S\ref{figs}(d) for the HOMOs and Fig.~S\ref{figs}(e) for the LUMOs).
In addition, we consider $\sigma$-HOMO (HOMO$-8$ in oxalate) with a potential energy
$V_\sigma.$ The symmetry only allows the hopping $-t_{d\sigma}$ between the $\sigma$-HOMO
and the Ru $d_{xy}$-orbital as shown in Fig.~S\ref{figs}(f), and HOMO$-8$ shown
in Fig.~S\ref{figs}(g) actually possesses this property. We have to note that this energy
eigenstate orbital is symmetric against $x=y,$ and anti-symmetric HOMO$-7$ does not
contribute to the superexchange between the Ru $d_{xy}$-orbitals.
\begin{equation}
        H_{dd}^\sigma = \frac{(2t_{d\sigma})^2}{V_\sigma} (d_{xy}^{L\dagger} d_{xy}^R)+h.c.
\end{equation}
The coefficient $2$ comes from the symmetry against $x=y$ of the $\sigma$-HOMO.
Combining these three contributions and following Ref.~\cite{JKG2}, we estimate an effective hopping matrix
$H_\textrm{dd}^\textrm{eff}$ between the Ru $d$-orbitals~\footnote{In Ref.~\cite{JKG2}, there is another term $t_4$ from $xy$ to $xz$ or $yz,$ but we can ignore this contribution assuming the completely planar structure of molecule and the local mirror symmetry against this bond plane.  This symmetry defines the distinction between $\pi$- and $\sigma$-orbitals and $t_4$ vanishes when they are independent.}.
\begin{align}
        H_{dd}^\textrm{eff} &= H_{dd}^{\pi}+H_{dd}^{\pi^*}+H_{dd}^{\sigma} = -t_1 (d_{yz}^{L\dagger} d_{yz}^R+d_{xz}^{L\dagger} d_{xz}^R)-t_2 (d_{yz}^{L\dagger} d_{xz}^R+d_{xz}^{L\dagger} d_{yz}^R)-t_3 d_{xy}^{L\dagger} d_{xy}^R +h.c., \\
        t_1 &= \frac{t_{d\pi}^2 t_{\pi\pi}}{V_\pi^2-t_{\pi\pi}^2}-\frac{t_{d\pi^*}^2 t_{\pi^*\pi^*}}{V_{\pi^*}^2-t_{\pi^*\pi^*}^2}, \\
t_2 &= \frac{t_{d\pi}^2 V_\pi}{V_\pi^2-t_{\pi\pi}^2}-\frac{t_{d\pi^*}^2 V_{\pi^*}}{V_{\pi^*}^2-t_{\pi^*\pi^*}^2}, \\
t_3 &= -\frac{4t_{d\sigma}^2}{V_\sigma}+\dots
\end{align}
Of course, $V_\pi<0$ and $V_{\pi^*}>0$ (while $t_{\pi\pi}>0$ and $t_{\pi^*\pi^*}>0$),
so the $\pi$-HOMOs and the $\pi^*$-LUMOs contribute to the diagonal hopping $t_1$ with
the opposite sign and the off-diagonal hopping $t_2$ with the same sign, which makes
$|t_1|/|t_2|$ even smaller.

Therefore, by mapping the electron hopping matrix to the $J_\textrm{eff}=1/2$ spin model
by the second-order perturbation in $t_i,$ we actually get the JK$\Gamma$ model for the
bond in the $xy$-plane, which is defined in Eq.~(3) in the main text. A similar analysis
is possible for bonds in the other directions and we can construct a whole JK$\Gamma$
model for both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lattices.
We note that in chiral 3D tricoordinated lattices
the parity symmetry is explicitly broken and we cannot ignore Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions.
Assuming zero crystal
field splitting for the Ru $t_{2g}$-orbitals and ideal octahedral coordination,
the parameters for the JK$\Gamma$ model will be the following~\cite{JKG2}.
\begin{align}
        J &= \frac{4\mathbb{A}}{9}(2t_1+t_3)^2-\frac{16\mathbb{B}}{9} (t_1-t_3)^2, \\
        K &= \frac{8\mathbb{B}}{3} [(t_1-t_3)^2-3t_2^2], \\
        \Gamma &= \frac{16\mathbb{B}}{3} t_2(t_1-t_3),
\end{align}
where the parameters $\mathbb{A}$ and $\mathbb{B}$ can be expressed in terms with
a Hund coupling $J_H,$ a spin-orbit coupling $\lambda,$ and a Hubbard term $U$ for
Ru$^{3+}$ in \cite{JKG2} as follows.
\begin{align}
        \mathbb{A} &= -\frac{1}{3} \Bigl[ \frac{J_H+3(U+3\lambda)}{6J_H^2-U(U+3\lambda)+J_H(U+4\lambda)} \Bigr], \\
        \mathbb{B} &= \frac{4}{3} \Bigl[ \frac{(3J_H-U-3\lambda)}{(6J_H-2U-3\lambda)}\eta\Bigr], \\
        \eta &= \frac{J_H}{6J_H^2-J_H(8U+17\lambda)+(2U+3\lambda)(U+3\lambda)}.
\end{align}

Then, the literature~\cite{JKG2} estimates these parameters~\footnote{Ref.~\cite{JKG2} defines these values for 4$d^5$ metal ions in general.  Therefore, we can expect that these values can be used not only for $\alpha$-RuCl$_3,$ but also for MOFs.} for Ru$^{3+}$ as
$\mathbb{A}\sim 0.6$ eV$^{-1}$ and $\mathbb{B}\sim 0.05$ eV$^{-1}.$
If we only consider the superexchange pathways through $\pi$-HOMOs (i.e. $t_3 \sim 0$), from the relations
$t_1/t_2=t_{\pi\pi}/V_\pi$ and $\mathbb{B}/\mathbb{A}\sim 1/10,$ we can conclude that,
if $|t_{\pi\pi}|/|V_\pi| \sim 1/10$ for two almost degenerate HOMOs, the superexchange
interaction via these HOMOs should be Kitaev-dominant,
i.e. $J/|K| \sim |\Gamma|/|K| \sim 1/10.$
Thus, we have shown that $|t_{\pi\pi}|/|V_\pi|$ actually controls the parameters of
the JK$\Gamma$ model as expected. Next, if we consider the contribution from
the $\pi^*$-LUMOs, then
\begin{equation}
        \frac{t_{d\pi}^2 t_{\pi\pi}}{V_\pi^2} \gtrsim \frac{t_{d\pi^*}^2 t_{\pi^*\pi^*}}{V_{\pi^*}^2}
\end{equation}
must be held in order not to change the order of $|t_1|/|t_2|.$
We can roughly estimate $t_{d\pi^*}/t_{d\pi}$ as follows.
If we assume only the Ru 4$d_{yz}$-orbital $\ket{\psi_{\textrm{4}d_{yz}}}$ and
the neighboring O 2$p_z$-orbital $\ket{\psi_{\textrm{2}p_z}}$ contribute to the
hopping element, using the real-valued LCAO coefficient $c_\pi$ (resp. $c_{\pi^*}$)
of the the neighboring O 2$p_z$-orbital for the HOMO (resp. LUMO), we can define a
hopping element $-t_{dp}=\bra{\psi_{\textrm{2}p_z}} H_\textrm{LCAO} \ket{\psi_{\textrm{4}d_{yz}}},$ where $H_\textrm{LCAO}$ is a hopping Hamiltonian in the LCAO approximation. Then,
\begin{equation}
        \frac{-t_{d\pi^*}}{-t_{d\pi}} = \frac{-c_{\pi^*}t_{dp}}{-c_\pi t_{dp}} = \frac{c_{\pi^*}}{c_\pi}.
\end{equation}
Using this relation, we can
estimate the $t_{d\pi^*}/t_{d\pi}$ for oxalate from the LCAO coefficients calculated
by \textsc{openmx}, assuming the almost orthogonality of the pseudoatomic orbitals, as
\begin{equation}
        \frac{t_{d\pi^*}}{t_{d\pi}}=\frac{c_{\pi^*}}{c_\pi}=\frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot 0.3063}{\sqrt{2}\cdot 0.4972}=0.6159.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=10cm]{sp2.pdf}
\caption{Two almost degenerate $\sigma$-orbitals localized along the left and right edges. They consist of the O-$p_x$ or $p_y$ orbitals and the C-$sp^2$ hybridized orbitals.}
\label{sp2}
\end{figure}

Finally, we estimate the possible contribution to $t_3$ from the localized $\sigma$-orbitals.
This contribution to $t_3$ should be smaller than the dominant contribution from
delocalized $\pi$-orbitals to $t_2$ because the $\sigma$-orbitals form covalent bonds
and the paired electrons are localized on those bonds, i.e. a charge gap is opened
for these localized valence bonds.  However, there is still a possibility that
the magnitude of $t_3$ is comparable to that of $t_1,$ so we made a crude estimation
for this contribution. As we explained above, $\sigma$-HOMOs do not contribute to
the hopping near the Fermi level, so, as the first approximation, we only consider
the effects of the deep levels, HOMO$-8$, HOMO$-10$, and HOMO$-12$ shown
in Fig.~S\ref{figs}(g), (h) and (i), respectively, with $|V_\sigma|>|V_\pi|.$
These orbitals can contribute only to $t_3$ due to the completely planar structure
of the molecule,
and their contributions with different signs
almost cancel out. This fact can be understood in a way similar to the
earlier analysis of the degenerate $\pi$-HOMOs.
From the viewpoint of localized valence bonds, two $\sigma$-orbitals localized
along the left and right edge shown in Fig.~S\ref{sp2} are almost orthogonal and
degenerate assuming the 120 degrees bonding around C and the complete degeneracy
of the C-$sp^2$ hybridized orbitals. If these orbitals are completely degenerate
and localized along the edges, they do not provide any superexchange pathways.
In the language of molecular orbitals, the contributions from $\sigma$-HOMOs created
by the linear combination of these two edge states will be cancelled out.
In the same way, we can naturally expect that the superexchange contributions
from nearly degenerate HOMO$-8,$ HOMO$-10,$ and HOMO$-12$ are rather destructive,
even if the degeneracy of the edge state is not perfect.
The relative values of $t_{d\sigma n}$ for HOMO$-n$ can be estimated in the same
way as $t_{d\pi}$ as follows.
\begin{align}
        \frac{t_3}{t_2} &=\Bigl(-\frac{4t_{d\sigma 8}^2}{V_{\sigma 8}}+\frac{4t_{d\sigma 10}^2}{V_{\sigma 10}} +\frac{4t_{d\sigma 12}^2}{V_{\sigma 12}}\Bigr)/t_2 \sim -0.196, \\
        \frac{t_{d\sigma 8}}{t_{d\pi}} &=\frac{0.4018}{\sqrt{2}\cdot 0.4972} = 0.5714,\quad
        \frac{t_{d\sigma 10}}{t_{d\pi}} =\frac{0.2398}{\sqrt{2}\cdot 0.4972} = 0.3410,\quad
        \frac{t_{d\sigma 12}}{t_{d\pi}} =\frac{0.2149}{\sqrt{2}\cdot 0.4972} = 0.3056.
\end{align}

From these values we can estimate $t_3/t_2 \sim -0.196$ as written in the main text.
Therefore, we can conclude for oxalate that if
$|t_{\pi\pi}|/|V_\pi| \sim 1/10,$ $|V_{\pi}|/|V_{\pi^*}|\sim 1/2$ and the destructive
interference in the $\sigma$-orbitals works, the interaction should be Kitaev-dominant
even if we consider contributions other than the $\pi$-HOMOs.
Then, the ideal situation for the Kitaev-dominant interaction can
be depicted schematically as follows (ox$^{2-}$ is oxalate).
\begin{tcolorbox}[colback=white,title=Ideal situation for oxalate-based frameworks]
\centering
\begin{MOdiagram}[names,labels-fs=\footnotesize]
        \atom[Ru$^{3+}$]{left}{1s={;up}}
 \atom[Ru$^{3+}$]{right}{1s={;up}} \molecule[ox$^{2-}$]{
 1sMO={1.68/3.01;pair}, label = {1sigma* = {$\pi^*$}} }
 \AO(3cm){s}[label={$\pi$}]{-1.987;pair}

  \AO(3cm){s}{-0.3805;pair} \AO(3cm){s}{-0.6331;pair}
  \AO(3cm){s}{-1.471;pair} \AO(3cm){s}[label={$\pi^*$}]{6.271;empty}
  \node[right,xshift=2mm] at (AO3) {irrelevant $\sigma$};
  \draw[<->,semithick] (AO2.0) -- (AO4.0);
\end{MOdiagram}
\end{tcolorbox}

\begin{tcolorbox}[colback=white,title=Ideal situation for tetraaminopyrazine-based frameworks]
        \centering
\begin{MOdiagram}[names,labels-fs=\footnotesize]
        \atom[Ru$^{3+}$]{left}{1s={;up}}
 \atom[Ru$^{3+}$]{right}{1s={;up}} \molecule[(C$_4$N$_6$H$_4$)$^{2-}$]{
 1sMO={1.013/1.385;pair}, label = {1sigma* = {$\pi^*$}} }
 \AO(3cm){s}[label={$\pi$}]{-1.428;pair}
\end{MOdiagram}
\end{tcolorbox}
To achieve every condition, the energy level of the Ru
$t_{2g}$-orbitals should sit in the right position between the HOMOs and
the LUMOs of the proposed oxalate-based or tetraaminopyrazine-based
ligands.
It will be interesting to carry out more accurate analysis of
these materials to see whether the dominance of the Kitaev interaction is maintained.

\section*{S\lowercase{ection}~E: Bond anisotropy}

Here we discuss MOFs with heterogeneous organic ligands, as
proposed in the section \textit{Designing
a Variety of Kitaev Spin Liquids} in the main text.
The heterogeneous organic ligands could arrange themselves
into an MOF with different ligand molecules depending on
the orientation of the bond, as shown in Fig.~S\ref{toric}.
This will naturally lead to the effective spin Hamiltonian with
bond anisotropy, namely the interaction strength depending on
the bond orientation.
In the following discussion, for simplicity, we
ignore the $\Gamma$ term of the JK$\Gamma$ model and assume only the
Kitaev-Heisenberg interaction with a bond anisotropy.
The effective spin Hamiltonian on the honeycomb lattice is then given by
\begin{equation}
        H=\sum_{\langle ij\rangle \in \alpha \beta(\gamma)} [J_\gamma \bm{S}_i \cdot\bm{S}_j-|K_\gamma| S_i^\gamma S_j^\gamma ],
\end{equation}
where $K_\gamma<0$ is the ferromagnetic Kitaev term and $J_\gamma$ is
the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg term for each type of bonds as shown in
Fig.~S\ref{toric}.
$\alpha,\beta,\gamma \in \{x,y,z\}$
and $\langle ij\rangle \in \alpha \beta(\gamma)$
mean that the bond plane of the nearest-neighbor bond $\langle ij\rangle$
is the $\alpha\beta$-plane perpendicular to the $\gamma$-axis.
We can expect $|K_z|\gg |K_x|=|K_y|
\gtrsim J_x=J_y$ and $|K_z|\gtrsim J_z$ because the bond length in the
$xy$-plane is shorter than the others. Then, we can treat the $K_z$ and
$J_z$ terms as unperturbed parts, and $K_x,$ $K_y,$ $J_x$ and $J_y$
terms as perturbation. In the zeroth-order ground state, if
$|K_z|>2J_z,$ the Ru ions connected by a blue circle in Fig.~S\ref{toric} will be dimerized ferromagnetically to
$\ket{\uparrow}\otimes\ket{\uparrow}$ or
$\ket{\downarrow}\otimes\ket{\downarrow}.$ The perfect Kitaev model with
$J_\gamma=0$ will be mapped to the 2D toric code~\cite{toriccode} if we
see these dimers as pseudospins up and down, respectively, by using
the fourth-order perturbation in $K_x/K_z$ and $K_y/K_z,$ and applying
local unitary transformations. The ground state of the 2D toric code has
a 2D $Z_2$ topological order and has fractionalized anyonic
excitations. Even in the 3D case, a similar distorted heterogeneous
structure is possible and the perfect 3D Kitaev model could be mapped to
the 3D toric code in the same way as in the 2D case~\cite{Mandal2}. This
model shows a 3D $Z_2$ topological order, which has string excitations
with exotic statistics.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{toric.pdf}
\caption{Heterogeneous distorted honeycomb structure to realize a gapped spin liquid region. The bond interaction is shown with the same color as in Fig.~1(a) in the main text and the Ru ions connected by a blue circle will be dimerized.}
\label{toric}
\end{figure}

If we include the Heisenberg term, the situation is known to be different~\cite{distorted}.
Even in the first order, there appears an antiferromagnetic Ising interaction
$J_xS_i^z S_j^z$ between the pseudospins of two nearest-neighbor dimers $i$ and $j.$
Therefore, in order for the toric code stabilizer term to be dominant, we first have to
impose the condition $K_x^2 K_y^2/(16|K_z|^3) \gg J_x$ in this toric-code limit
because the Ising term strongly favors a conventional N\'eel order for pseudospins,
i.e. a stripy order for original $J_{\textrm{eff}}=1/2$ spins.  In addition, there
appears a pseudospin flip interaction both from the second-order perturbation due
to the $J_z$ term and from the ignored $\Gamma$ term, so we have to investigate
whether or not these quantum fluctuations destroy the topological order similarly
to the thermal fluctuation~\cite{NGT2,NGT3} as an interesting future problem.
In the heterogeneous case, the
distortion due to the lack of the octahedral symmetry around Ru could make
the effective model deviate from the JK$\Gamma$ model more strongly than
in the homogeneous case, but we can still expect an almost octahedral
coordination if we use an amino-group in every direction as shown in
Fig.~S\ref{toric}.

\section*{S\lowercase{ection}~F: Lattice distortions in three-dimensional structures}

While a gapless nodal-line or Weyl spin liquid on (10,3)-$b$ (the 3D hyperhoneycomb lattice)
shown in Fig.~S\ref{hyper} is stable against small lattice distortions,
Majorana Fermi surfaces on (10,3)-$a$ (the 3D hyperoctagon lattice) need protection
by its $I4_1 32$ space group symmetry.  For example, a (10,3)-$a$ MOF with a space group
$P4_1 32,$ which is a subgroup of $I4_1 32,$ has been realized~\cite{Coronado2},
but the crystal system is lowered from a body-centered cubic system to a simple cubic system,
which means that the unit cell of this real material is doubled from the ideal
(10,3)-$a$ lattice, as shown in Fig.~S\ref{hyperoctagon}.
In this case, Fermi surfaces are unstable against an infinitesimal
perturbation away from the $K_x=K_y$ line, i.e. the Majorana Fermi surfaces
on (10,3)-$a$ have to be protected by the translational symmetry with a vector
$(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})$~\cite{Maria2014}.
This difference between $I4_1 32$ and $P4_1 32$ comes from the fact that
the reduced unit cell of the $I4_1 32$ structure is incommensurate
with the bipartite coloring of (10,3)-$a.$
We still need a further materials search for an ideal $I4_1 32$ structure
to see quantum interaction effects on the Majorana Fermi surfaces~\cite{Hermanns2}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{hyperoctagon.png}
\caption{(10,3)-$a$ MOF with a $P4_1 32$ space group symmetry viewed from the
[001] direction.  While the ideal (10,3)-$a$ should look like the square-octagon lattice when
projected onto the (001) plane, the square spirals are tilted and, thus, regular
octagons are distorted in two ways alternately in this figure.  The unit cell is shown in the
black solid line and it is clear to see this distortion breaks the translational symmetry with
a vector $(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}).$
This figure is reconstructed from the crystal data included in
Supporting Information of Ref.~\cite{Coronado2} (metal ions: purple, C: brown, O: red).}
\label{hyperoctagon}
\end{figure}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


At stake are spots in the World Junior and the 2010 U.S. Championship. This tournament is right after the U.S. Junior Open , also in Milwaukee (July 10-12), which is divided into three sections: Under 21, Under 15 and Under 11.
Frank Berry will act as chief arbiter. Time control is G/90+30sec/move increment. The games will be broadcast on the Internet Chess Club (Liblist USJunior09) and CLO coverage will include players bios and reports from Alex Betaneli.


Sandy and Robert Timmons, founders of Lock-Itz LLC.
When their son Chris told them that he and his wife were going to bring a lock to San Francisco, Robert and Sandy Timmons never imagined the idea would become a business for them.
"He told us he was going to San Francisco on a trip with his wife, and that he was going to bring a lock with him, and we were like -- what?" said Robert Timmons, 49, a math teacher at Middlesex Middle School in Darien, about his son's idea.
Sandy Timmons, 51, who works for the IT department at the central office for Darien public schools, said that trip was going to be their last one before Chris' wife would be unable to travel while she was pregnant with twins. Sandy said when they asked Chris where he got the idea, he said, "Oh, I saw it on the Internet. There's this bridge in Paris that you can hang locks on."
That was all he had to say, Sandy said, before she and her husband started researching if anyone else was selling a similar product that could be attached to different places around America.
Thus, Lock-Itz LLC was born -- engraved locks to commemorate someone or something special in people's lives. "The idea of it is that you lock your love away," Sandy Timmons said.
Chris Timmons, who is a computer programmer, created the website, and for a month, the family did a test market to see if people would be interested in buying the product. The website "went live" in May 2011, and since then, they have sold about 800 locks around the world.
"It's been steadily growing," Robert Timmons said of the interest.
They've sold locks in all but six states in the United States.
"I think that the coolest part about the company is that we feel like we're creating love," Sandy Timmons said. "Most people go to places and buy souvenirs to bring home. Well, this is like a souvenir that you're taking to a place and you're leaving your love there, and so that creates another memory."
One woman in Los Gatos, Calif., said she was going to start a tradition by putting her lock on one of the bridges.
"They didn't know who put the lock there, and now the locks are growing on this bridge," Sandy Timmons said. "We probably get an order from (people in Los Gatos) at least once a week."
On average, the locks take about seven to 10 days to complete and ship, and they cost $34.99, $39.99 and $44.99 for the small, medium and large ones, respectively. The locks also come in various colors -- red, black, blue, purple and green. Right now, red is the most popular one sold.
What they hope to accomplish, Sandy Timmons said, is for the locks to become kind of a "local tradition."
"Rather than just people going abroad, we want people to put locks on places here," she said.
They think it's "such a cool idea," and would love to see people start bringing locks to American vacation spots. They said there's a location in Florida where, if you stay at that resort, you can either pre-purchase a lock for when you arrive, or a supply of locks are purchased for clients who want them.
Robert said they have a prototype of a new product they plan to release in December, which is a lock with a heart shape on the front.
"We want to start marketing it more with weddings and wedding showers, or as gifts to a wedding party," Robert said.
They've engraved locks for wedding parties, a veteran, many anniversaries, school symbols and a compass for a traveler.
"Pretty much any picture can be engraved on there," Robert Timmons said, adding that what people get engraved on the lock is his favorite part.
"We had one lock that said `schmoopies' on it," he said, smiling.
Sandy said they hear back from people who buy their locks, and that it's "cool that you're involved in something that's creating love and memories. Not many people can say they have a product that does this."


text:
Eleventh Hour
By K.D. Hayes
K.D. Hayes
Uncle Walt died this morning. Finally.
I say "finally" because I believed this day would come four months ago, when he had emergency bypass surgery.
At the time, I didn't believe Walt would live; he was an ailing, seventy-seven-year-old man with severe pulmonary disease. When his heart started to hurt one Friday, his doctors told him, "With bypass surgery, you might live. Without it, you'll be dead before the weekend is over."
Walt's oldest daughter and my parents, who were with him, told me about the doctors' recommendations.
As a retired paramedic, I'd seen this scenario before–often enough to have a strong opinion, and my own advance directives.
I didn't think that Walt should have the surgery. I thought it would cost too much suffering and money and ultimately lead to the same predictable outcome. I expressed concern that the medical community was pushing, even coercing, Walt to agree to surgery.
My parents assured me that Walt understood the severity of his condition. He knew that he was a poor surgical candidate, that he might not survive the surgery, that he would suffer.
And Walt said, "I want to live."
I disagreed with Walt's choice for another reason: I believed that it would thrust suffering upon his family members, who were also my loved ones.
His four children, who said he'd abused and molested them, would suffer, dragged into advising and decision-making roles. My father would suffer because he loved his older brother deeply–despite my cousins' assertions and despite Walt's drinking away the first decades of his life, failing to find a successful career, and heading a family riven by dysfunction.
Walt had made our whole family suffer, and I didn't want him to cause more suffering. I felt angry with him. Over the years, his declarations of remorse had seemed insincere, his oblique admissions and apologies insufficient to heal his children's wounds. I felt he'd given them good reason to leave him. And though he had never mistreated me, I'd maintained a cool reserve.
In the end, Walt had the surgery–and lived through it, although sometimes it hardly seemed living.
Essentially, his bypass saved his heart so that his lungs could kill him. He had a breathing tube in his windpipe and a feeding tube in his stomach; he lived through a week of "ICU psychosis," tormented by hallucinations. After he'd spent nearly a month in surgical intensive care, they moved him to an extended acute-care hospital, then to a skilled-nursing facility.
He had good days–a few. He taught his tired larynx to form words again. He progressed from sitting in a chair to standing to walking a few steps. Once, he walked all the way from his room to the lobby and back.
He also had many bad days, when he couldn't even get out of bed. He suffered persistent urinary-tract and C. difficile infections.
Whenever it seemed that Walt's body might give up the fight for life, the staff would ask Walt whether he wanted to be resuscitated.
He always said, "I want to live."
It was his decision; I don't think it would have been mine.
But what came of those days between the time I thought my uncle would die and the time, four months later, when he did die? Those expensive, painful days, dogged by fear and anxiety, when my cousins were spent and my parents exhausted, when Walt could have died but lived instead?
Walt found God. On the night before his surgery, the fear of death opened up a vulnerability in him, and he accepted a priest–and then God. He confessed. That night, with two of his four children by his side, he wept his confession.
My cousin recorded his father's words in a journal: "Forgive me for the abuse….I abused all of you. I wish I had been a better man." Walt asked his children for forgiveness, and they gave it.
My cousin emailed this exchange to his brother and sisters, to his mother and aunts and uncles and cousins.
The next morning, huddling with my parents and cousins beside Walt, who lay unconscious after the operation, I did not know how to carry my anger.
But the months that followed gave my father more time to spend with his older brother.
"Such a beautiful gift, this time," my father says now, even though those days also sucked away my parents' energy.
I doubt that Walt expected that his family would start healing–that his act of contrition would forge new bonds of obligation, responsibility and caring.
But because the operation gave him those months after his "deathbed" confession, his children were able to tell him that they loved him; and their words resonated with a new truth.
"We thanked him and told him he had given us a gift," my cousin wrote.
Several days after Walt's surgery, I stood by his bed and held his hand as he drifted into and out of consciousness.
His oldest daughter stood beside me. Whenever Walt was awake, he'd look at her and mouth the words "I love you." I felt I was watching them forge a new relationship.
Walt's fractured, estranged family began reaching out, emailing or calling, traveling, reconnecting with each other–and even with Walt. I heard words of remorse, excruciating admissions, and gradually my anger subsided into awe.
I feel certain that Walt knew of the evolution that began in his family that dark night before his surgery, when he felt sure that he would die.
This morning, when Walt finally did die, he left behind a different life–and a different family. His oldest daughter stood in his hospital room, her boyfriend's arm through hers. Her two adult children hovered near their grandfather. My aunt stood at the foot of his bed. I knelt by the railing, my parents standing just behind me.
I held Walt's hand and told him that it was okay to go–and that I loved him.
Four months earlier, I'd thought the most pragmatic, least painful choice he could make would be not to fight for life. I'd thought it would be easier, kinder for everyone.
When is the right time to die?
I used to believe that I knew. Just after Walt's surgery, I made plans to fine-tune my own advance directives–to forbid intubation or stomach tubes.
But I have yet to call my lawyer. I'm not longer so certain that choosing a quick, efficient death is selfless and honorable.
Now I know that my choice to die won't be just about me. And that changes everything.
A writer and retired paramedic, K.D. Hayes has an MA in interdisciplinary studies and an MFA in creative writing and is college editor at Hiram College. Her work has appeared or is forthcoming in JAMA, Bartleby Snopes, The Saturday Evening Post and other publications and has been anthologized in Chicken Soup for the Soul: My Cat's Life and elsewhere. Her website is www.kdhayes.com. "While I enjoy writing light, fun things, stories such as 'Eleventh Hour' are very difficult but seem to demand that I write them. And they always teach me something; in that regard they are most rewarding."
caregiver stories, end of life decision making, end of life, death and dying
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16 thoughts on "Eleventh Hour"
Sheryl Buckley
A moving, well-written narrative of growth at the end of life, something we rarely think about as a possibility. Yet families who experience this growth often find it to be a transcendent experience, one they are very grateful not to have missed. Well done, KD!
Pris C
It's interesting to read about decisions and reasons for them. My mother had severe blockage at age 85 and would die without bypass. The surgeon was very reluctant but her internist said that she was one of his two healthiest patients in that age group. The other one rode his bike to appointments. The surgery was difficult for her but she lived four more quality years and only died after she fell, had a hip joint replacement, and congestive heart disease was kicked off by the anesthesia. She went through rehab and was walking just fine so the hip surgery was a success. Had that not happened I believe she would have lived well into her nineties. In her case she had a loving family of me, as only child and a multitude of nieces and nephews who saw her as a second mother. We all wanted that extra time with her.
Thanks for sharing-been in a situation like this before. Bitterness in family due to several people not being on the same page. 77+ Father in law not well, had massive MI dies after 3 weeks of intensive care, had aggressive treatments as son was a MD, family came together for about 5 days after his death then all fell apart. Now mother in law not well- family bitterness continues, decisions being made for her even though she can do so on her own: medical, financial etc…life is a cycle: what goes up comes down.
Caryn Stewart
The decision about when the 'right time' to die is a very personal one. And there is no right or wrong answer as each person must make that choice for him- or herself. This article helped me to understand, like the author, that it is also about more than medical prognosis, quality of life, or longevity, or even financial cost. The possibility of emotional and spiritual healing at the end of life is truly a gift not to be ignored.
June Rose Dowis
Very thought provoking. Thank you for sharing.
Barbara Tiwald
Wonderfully written article! As an RN, I too struggle with what I think people should do at their end of life experience. I have found that while I believe I know "best" what should happen, that it is ultimately a personal decision that involves a complex number of issues, including values, beliefs, relationships, etc. I learned as a hospice nurse to not invest too much of myself into those end of life decisions and just support what the individual wanted, which was sometimes hard to do.
Marge Clark
Thank you K.D. for your brutal honesty that makes us all stop dead in our tracks when faced with the horror of abuse and the actual possibility of a genuine forgiveness. That must be wonderfully freeing. You express the dilemma so many of us face regarding the "way" to die and how it splays out the ripple effect to so many family members and friends. It is never easy.
I am a health care provider and have grappled with what to do or say or just keep my damn mouth shut when such horrendous decisions need to be made. We cannot tell others what to do and how do we know what is best for another? Your openness confirms that God is in control and His plans may not be ours! All we can do is share our knowledge and then let it all unfold.
Thank you for giving us hope in even the most dire circumstances.
KD Hayes
Thank you Marge, and everyone, for your thoughts on this essay. If my uncle had opted not to have the surgery – or had died that day anyway – much of what was so remarkable about the last four months of his life never would have transpired. Regardless of my own thoughts at the time about how much fight was enough or too much, in hindsight, I may have thought he should fight with everything he had if I'd known how transformational the next months would be. That, of course, is just the flip side of the same coin – and reinforces the notion for me personally that all I can (or should) do is respect and support an individual's decision. I still haven't changed my own advanced directives to forbid intubation, PEG, etc.
Jeremy Shatan
This was a brave and well-written piece. Thanks for sharing – much food for thought.
Hey K.D. you have hit the proverbial nail on the head which few realize is the truth in healthcare. Every person is different and every person is an individual and has different wants, and dreams. Who am I to decide for that person. That being said I can provide a lot of information to help them get through the transition fronm life to death. We all will face it and I have no idea when death knocks on my door how I will feel at the moment and I am a physician or better said I am in the business of healthcare because I am no different nurses, paramedics, respiratory techs etc to have a different perspective. Folks when the reaper knocks we are all the same. The sad truth is that we go through life and we don't realize that is true from the day we are born. We are truly all the same. K.D. I understand I have been wehere you are and where you were. It is not a happy place but somewhere we alll must face. Thank you for listening and God bless you and your family. Best, AD
Marita Grudzen
Thank you, K.D., for bringing forth such a personally challenging story. In doing so, you challenge some of our self rightiousness. Life is so much bigger that we can grasp. I am deeply grateful to you and changed as a result of reading this piece.
Thank you for your words, Marita. You're right about challenging some of our self-righteousness. I tend to have very strong opinions, and it's a slow, difficult process learning to set those aside, especially where other people's lives are concerned.
Julia Riley
This story takes my breath away. So much to reflect upon. I will share this in my work with nurses and nursing students as we consider forgiveness. Thank you for your ongoing work to use humanities to help us come fully present to healthcaring.
Thank you, Julia, and I hope your nurses and nursing students benefit from hearing some of the lessons I've learned. It's a delicate balancing act for those in health care, figuring out how to balance technical/medical with spiritual/intangible issues.
Frances F.
A fine example of what Pulse does best. This is a beautfiully written piece about the world of caregivers, patients and doctors that has substance and food for thought. I'm in the process of re-doing my advance directives and this tale is one to think about as I do.
Martin Kohn
Bravo KD….well wrought– and very moving–and especially meaningful for me. Thanks for sharing this remembrance with us.
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