text:
People On The Edge Of The Night by James McAdams
Remember your first? I remember my almost. We met at an English Studies conference panel in Greensboro, NC, where she gave a presentation on "Trauma & Mental Illness in Young Adult Fiction." After that, we met in Chicago where we chaired a panel on "Suicidal Closure in Modernist Fiction." Even though we lived on opposite coasts, and she was five years older, we began to develop intimacy quickly. At the next conference we rented a room together, and even though it was unstated, I, who was still a virgin, assumed we'd "get together." We skipped the conference festivities, instead snuggling on the room's king bed, murmuring about our childhoods, our depressions, our sexual questioning. I began to think, after a long absence, of a word like love. This is the way things ended between Manesa Gilnum, Ph.D., and I at the Modern Language Association conference in Austin, TX, on January 10th 2016, the night David Bowie died.
We were drinking at the Marriott's bar when we learned of his death. She wore a long hoodie and yoga pants. I felt the condom in the pocket of my skinny jeans. We sat at the bar drinking for the third straight night and pretended to watch the Oscars on TV while everyone else gesticulated, discussing that year's buzzwords: "digital humanities," "Anthropocene," "intersectionality."
The pretentious babble was suddenly replaced by exclamations, shouts of "Who?" and "He What?" and "How?" Suddenly, everyone was intently scrolling through their phone's apps.
It was then I saw the chyron <<Musician David Bowie Has Died>> scrolling across the screen, as an actress in a $40,000 dress held a trophy aloft and aimed smiles at flashing cameras.
Manesa and I splayed, slightly buzzed, on the bed, each checking our Twitter feeds and Facebook notifications. We traded information about reported causes of death, when we dressed up like Ziggy Stardust for Halloween (me: 2007, her: 2005), rumored references to death on Bowie's new album, Blackstar. Then Manesa declared, "Okay, YouTube memorial. You first." She opened her phone's YouTube application.
"'Life on Mars'?"
She found the song and snuggled against me, still dressed, closing her eyes.
As we listened to more— "Suffragette City," "Changes," "China Girl," "My Death"—I stopped thinking of whether we'd indulge in sexual intercourse and began to reflect on the lyrics. In the wake of his death they seemed to possess a numinous, or secretive, meaning. We sang them together, humming when we didn't know the words.
Her first choice, which she saved til morning, was "Under Pressure," specifically the bridge. She sat up and said, "Listen, this explains me so well, why I have walls." The bridge verse is structured as a back and forth between Freddie Mercury and Bowie. Mercury asks, repeatedly, why love can't help the "pressure" the song speaks of, a very special pressure, a breakdown of society kind of pressure, or in Manesa's case a personal breakdown. But Bowie cautions that it can't, that this is our "last dance" because:
Love's such an old-fashioned word/
And love dares you to care for/
The people on the edge of the night/
And love dares you to change our way of/
Caring about ourselves.
"Sorry," Manesa said. "I don't know what you expected from this weekend, but I can't." The sun had risen and we needed to catch our respective planes. She went into the bathroom, then returned to the doorway. She undressed in the threshold and for the first time I saw her naked body, scars on her thighs, wrists's arteries, breasts: a flaunted vulnerability. "Don't be scared of love," she said, closing the door.
I took her advice, and worked to love more expansively, to develop a form of love that could change how I cared about myself and others—I was hurt many times, and other times I experienced the savage power of hurting others, but I've remained on the dance floor, as it were: this is our last dance, after all. So: "Just Dance." Another Bowie song Manesa and I listened to that night, our unused bodies intertwined like deprogrammed DNA, neither knowing (as I do now, since the news of her act) we would never see each other again in this life.
James McAdams has published fiction in decomP, Superstition Review, Amazon/Day One, Literary Orphans, and B.O.A.A.T. Journal, among others, while presently shopping a collection of short stories. One of his works was nominated for a Pushcart 2019 by The Matador Review. Currently, he is a Visiting Assistant Professor of English at the University of South Florida. His work can be viewed at jamesmcadams.net.
Featured photograph by Joshua K. Jackson
Karissa Lang
Fiction, Guest Editors


This hand painted canvas design comes from The Artist's Collection – Heartstrings by Pat Thode. It includes a stitch guide that suggests threads and stitches to be used on it plus a button for embellishing. It is a green heart with pumpkins topped by a crescent moon and stars and gold and black checkered band at the bottom.


text:
Pundit's View: Derby County victory over Aston Villa would be 'a big statement'
The Rams go head-to-head with their Midlands rivals at Pride Park Stadium on Saturday
Derby County are back at Pride Park Stadium tomorrow afternoon (Saturday) as they welcome play-off rivals Aston Villa to the East Midlands.
The Rams go into the game with just two defeats in their last 14 outings, while Villa have just one defeat in their last nine.
Steve Bruce's side were held to a goalless draw at home to Millwall last weekend, though, which saw them slip below Derby in the table.
A 3-0 victory at Barnsley moved Gary Rowett 's men up to fourth in the Championship table, a point and a place above tomorrow's opponents.
Derby County celebrate Matej Vydra's goal against Barnsley (Image: Andy Clarke)
Despite only being half-way through the season, it is a big game in the race for the play-off places.
Sky Sports' pundit – and former Nottingham Forest midfielder – David Prutton believes victory for either side would be "a big statement" in their bid to finish in the top six.
"Now this is a big game," Prutton told Sky Sports.
"If either of these sides really wants to kick on and challenge for a place in the top two then victory would be a big statement at Pride Park on Saturday.
"Derby have won four of their last five and conceded just a single goal in that run, so Villa may find it tough to break them down.
"But, if Villa score early and both teams go for it, then I fancy an entertaining draw."
Prutton has predicted a 2-2 draw between the two sides.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to pass current index to fancybox iframe I have a group of links that I call fancybox on with the arrows enabled so that the user can click next and prev. Each link is decorated with the iframe class and href='/editdata.aspx'. I would to remove the arrows and pass in the current index so that the editdata.aspx save button can say "save and next" until it reaches the last link, which will then say "save and close".
From editdata.aspx I use
var numLinks = $(".link-items", parent.document.body).children("a.iframe").size();

This gives me the total number of links. I just need to know the current link that is being displayed to the user so that I can update the save button text.
Here is a sample of my code in editdata.aspx:
// change the save button to save and next if fancybox is loading multiple links
        if (parent.$.fancybox) {
            var links = $(".links", parent.document.body);
            if (links && links.length > 0) {
                var numlinks  = $(links).children("a.popup").size();
                var index = getParameterByName('index');
                if (index == numlinks ) {
                    // this element is the last item to display so change the "save and next" to "save and close"
                    $("#btnSave").val("Save & Close");
                    $("#btnSave").click(function () {
                        parent.$.fancybox.close();
                    });
                }
                else {
                    $("#btnSave").val("Save & Next");
                    $("#btnSave").click(function () {
                        parent.$.fancybox.next();
                    });
                }
            }
        }

function getParameterByName(name) {
        name = name.replace(/[\[]/, "\\\[").replace(/[\]]/, "\\\]");
        var regexS = "[\\?&]" + name + "=([^&#]*)";
        var regex = new RegExp(regexS);
        var results = regex.exec(window.location.href);
        if (results == null)
            return "";
        else
            return decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/\+/g, " "));
    }

How can I achieve this?

A: Thats easy for v2 -
jQuery(".fancybox").fancybox({
    beforeLoad : function() {
        this.href = this.href + '?index=' + this.index;
    }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
LawAccess NSW > Representing Yourself > Employment rights > Unfair dismissal > Can you apply?
Are you an employee or contractor?Currently selected
Making an unfair dismissal application - Step by step guide
The employer's response to your application
Going to conciliation - Step by step guide
How to write a chronology
Preparing for conciliation - Step by step guide
Checklist: Making an unfair dismissal application
How to write a witness statement
How to write an outline of submissions
You need to be an employee to make an unfair dismissal application. If you are an independent contractor you cannot apply.
Whether a person is an employee or an independent contractor depends on a number of things. If your contract says you are a contractor, this doesn't necessarily mean that you are.
Someone who is an independent contractor might:
supply their own tools or equipment
do work when and how they want
have their own workplace
contract the work out to someone else
spend some of their income on their own business expenses.
Someone who is an employee might:
be paid a regular wage or salary
have tax taken out of their pay by their employer
have paid holidays and sick leave
be told what hours they have to work, and where they have to work
be supplied with tools and equipment
fill out timesheets
have superannuation contributions paid by their employer
be covered for workers compensation by their employer.
Employers can't attempt to avoid (contract out of) the unfair dismissal protections. So an employer cannot:
tell a person who they intend to treat as an employee that they will be working as an independent contractor
sack an employee and rehire them as an independent contractor to do the same work
make a false statement to influence an employee to enter into a contract to do work that is the same as the work they were previously employed to do.
Time limits apply when making an unfair dismissal application to the Fair Work Commission (the Commission). If you want to make an unfair dismissal application, you must do so within 21 days of the date you were dismissed. If you are not sure if you are an employee or a contractor, you should get legal advice.
Case study - Mei
Mei worked as a cleaner. She used her own equipment, which she transported in her own van, and cleaned various offices around the city. She got most of her work through Citywide Cleaning. Citywide Cleaning provided Mei with a list of offices to clean but left it up to Mei to decide in what order they needed to be done. Mei invoiced City Wide for her cleaning services.
Citywide Cleaning decided they no longer wanted Mei to clean offices because there had been some complaints about the quality of the cleaning. They sent her a letter saying that they would not be providing her with any more work.
Mei used her own equipment and performed the cleaning jobs at times she chose. She also invoiced City Wide for payment for the work she performed, and made arrangements to pay tax directly to the tax office. All of these factors suggest that Mei is probably a contractor, and not an employee.
 If you are not able to make an unfair dismissal application, you may still have rights under other laws. For example:
a general protections dismissal application
a discrimination claim (if you have been discriminated against at work)
a bullying claim (if you haven't been dismissed but you are experiencing workplace bullying).
You should get legal advice to help you understand your options.
For a handy guide to all the requirements you have to meet to make an unfair dismissal application, see Checklist: Making an unfair dismissal application.
For answers to commonly asked questions, see Can you apply? - Frequently asked questions.


I'm one of those guys whose blog consumption consists almost entirely of technical blogs. But the other day I got an email from someone that was ancillary to an ongoing conversation, and the author was "Silkenvoice." Curious, I googled Silkenvoice, and found her blog. And found myself hooked.
She writes very evocatively, about topics as wide ranging as life, death, human sexuality, physics, philosophy and travel. There is something very compelling about her material, be it essays or erotica. And then there is her voice. You really should check her out.


text:
Q: How do I check if a RSS feed is working? For example, if there is an RSS feed and for some reason it is down or cannot be grabbed I want to display a simple message saying "feed cannot be grabbed".
Right now PHP spits out a really ugly warning message.
note:I do not need to know whether it is valid. I just need to know if the feed actually works. I do not want to turn off warnings. I want to spit out a simple echo if the feed is not working. I am using PHP no libraries.
Any thanks would be awesome!
Rick

A: You can manually handle any XML parsing errors by using the libxml_use_internal_errors function.
An example can be found here

A: You can do this:
error_reporting(E_WARNING);

if (!$xmlDoc->load($url)){

 echo ("Not content could be loaded.");

}


The United States has subsidized the wind industry for 35 years. The subsidies began with the Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) and Energy Tax Act (ETA) of 1978. Subsequently, with passage of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) wind subsidies were increased through a variety of programs, most prominently the federal production tax credit (PTC). In many electric markets, the value of the PTC tax subsidy is greater than the price of electricity itself.
Today, many in Congress are debating whether it makes sense to continue subsidizing wind, including the Senate's proposed one-year, $12.2 billion3 extension, given the Nation's mounting debt, and the harm to conventional generation resources required to maintain reliability. In connection with this debate, this paper examines relevant electric system operational and reliability data in order to assess the consumer value of the subsidies and the actual operational performance of PTC-subsidized wind generation relative to consumer demand for electricity. We find that the vast majority of the Nation's wind resources fail to produce any electricity when our customers need it most, and that the subsidy is adding billions of dollars of hidden costs while undermining the reliability of the grid.


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Using this site voids any GDPR rules. NewGen does not hold any customer financial or important business data on this site.


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Eine Bioraffinerie ist eine Raffinerie, in der aus Biomasse unter möglichst vollständiger Verwertung aller Rohstoffkomponenten verschiedene Zwischen- und Endprodukte (z. B. Chemikalien, Werkstoffe, Bioenergie) nachhaltig erzeugt werden. Es können als Nebenprodukte auch Lebens- und Futtermittel entstehen. Wichtig für eine Bioraffinerie sind ein zugrunde liegendes ganzheitliches Konzept und die Integration verschiedener Verfahren und Technologien.

Das Prinzip der Bioraffinerie weist bis auf die Rohstoffe viele Ähnlichkeiten mit dem der Erdölraffinerie auf, in der der komplex zusammengesetzte Rohstoff Erdöl in einzelne Fraktionen oder Komponenten getrennt wird. Teilweise werden diese durch chemische Verfahren in andere, besser absetzbare Verbindungen umgewandelt.

Ein wichtiges Ziel des Konzepts "Bioraffinerie" ist es, Erdöl als wichtigen Rohstoff der chemischen Industrie langfristig zu ersetzen und so zu einer biobasierten Industrie hin zu kommen. Das Energieministerium der Vereinigten Staaten bezeichnete Industrielle Bioraffinerien als vielversprechendsten Weg zu diesem Ziel.

Das Konzept der Bioraffinerie mit einer ganzheitlichen und hochwertigen Nutzung der Biomasse befindet sich derzeit noch in der Entwicklung. In Ansätzen ist dieses Konzept aber bereits umgesetzt, z. B. bei der Herstellung von Zucker, Bioethanol und Biodiesel, wo versucht wird, auch die Neben- bzw. Koppelprodukte hochwertig zu nutzen.

Rohstoff Biomasse

Das Konzept einer Bioraffinerie hängt wesentlich vom jeweils verfügbaren Rohstoff ab. Diskutiert werden vor allem Konzepte, die Holz, Stärkepflanzen und andere frische oder silierte Pflanzen als Rohstoffbasis vorsehen.

Biomasse ist sehr komplex zusammengesetzt aus zahlreichen verschiedenen organischen Verbindungen in sehr unterschiedlichen Anteilen. Einen großen Anteil an der Masse machen Verbindungen aus, die zu den Fetten, Kohlenhydraten oder Proteinen (Eiweißen) gehören. Daneben finden sich zahlreiche weitere Verbindungen, die aber meist in geringeren Anteilen vorkommen, wie z. B. die Sekundärmetaboliten (bzw. Sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe).

Je nach Biomasse, schwanken diese Anteile. Holz beispielsweise hat eine deutlich andere Zusammensetzung, verglichen mit Stärkepflanzen (z. B. Weizen, Mais), Ölpflanzen (Raps, Gras, Soja) oder Pflanzenabfällen.

Grundprinzip
In einer Bioraffinerie wird versucht, bestimmte hochwertige Naturbausteine, die Präkursoren aus der Biomasse zu isolieren. Dabei wird die Synthese-Vorleistung der Natur genutzt, um entweder aufwendige, künstliche Herstellungsprozesse zu ersetzen, oder um komplexe, nicht künstlich herstellbare Verbindungen zu gewinnen. Diese werden weiter zu Plattformchemikalien verarbeitet, welche als Synthesebausteine für eine Vielfalt höherwertiger Verbindungen dienen. In mehreren weiteren Stufen können so nutzbare Endprodukte hergestellt werden.

Aus der zurückbleibenden, nicht nutzbaren Biomasse können wiederum z. B. Nahrungsmittel, Futtermittel, oder weniger hochwertige Chemikalien gewonnen werden. Nachdem diese stofflich nutzbaren Anteile aus der Biomasse gewonnen wurden, kann der verbleibende Anteil noch energetisch genutzt werden. Es können z. B. Strom und Wärme für den Anlagenbetrieb oder zum Verkauf, oder auch Biokraftstoffe bzw. synthetische Kraftstoffe (BtL, Methanol, Biomethan etc.) erzeugt werden.

Neben der Gewinnung von Verbindungen, die in der Biomasse vorhanden sind, ist die Erzeugung neuer Verbindungen aus dem Rohstoff ein weiteres Betätigungsfeld innerhalb einer Bioraffinerie. Hier können chemische Verfahren, wie die bereits genannte Erzeugung von synthetischen Kraftstoffen zum Einsatz kommen, aber insbesondere auch biotechnologische Ansätze zur Herstellung höherwertiger Verbindungen.

Entwicklungsstufen
Bioraffinerien werden je nach Vielfältigkeit der Rohstoffe, Prozesse und Hauptprodukte in drei verschiedene Typen unterteilt:

Anders als Phase-I- und Phase-II-Bioraffinerien, sind Phase-III-Bioraffinerien sind bislang noch nicht kommerziell umgesetzt. Die Einführung wird in Europa ab 2020 erwartet.

Die vier gängigsten, diskutierten Anlagenkonzepte dafür sind nach dem jeweiligen Rohstoff benannt:

Phase-III-Raffinerien

Lignocellulose-Bioraffinerie
Eine Lignocellulose-Bioraffinerie verwendet Rohstoffe, die Lignocellulose – eine Struktur, die aus Lignin, Cellulose und Hemicellulose besteht – enthalten. Dazu zählt Holz, aber auch Stroh und Gras, sowie Abfälle aus der Papierindustrie, wie z. B. die in großen Mengen anfallende ligninreiche Schwarzlauge, können eingesetzt werden.

Lignin besteht vor allem aus Derivaten der aromatischen Verbindung Phenol, die für die chemische Industrie nützlich sein könnte.

Cellulose ist ein Polysaccharid (Vielfachzucker) aus dem Monomer Glucose (eine Hexose). Diese kann zu verschiedenen Grundchemikalien, wie z. B. Ethanol und Ethen als Ausgangsprodukt zur Herstellung von Polyethylen (PE) und Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) oder zu Hydroxymethylfurfural als Ausgangsprodukt zur Herstellung von Nylon, weiterverarbeitet werden. Daneben ist Glucose ein Substrat für biotechnologische Herstellungsprozesse durch Fermentation.

Hemicellulose ist ebenfalls ein Polysaccharid, allerdings aus verschiedenen Pentosen als Monomer. Daraus können Furfural-Derivate, Nylon und andere Produkte gewonnen werden.

Die Lignocellulose-Bioraffinerie gilt als aussichtsreichste Bioraffinerie. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil ist, dass sie nicht in Konkurrenz mit Nahrungsmittelproduktion steht, da nur Rohstoffe benutzt werden, die sich nicht als Nahrungsmittel eignen.

Ganzpflanzen-Bioraffinerie

Eine Ganzpflanzen-Bioraffinerie verwendet die vollständige Nutzpflanze, wie z. B. Mais, Weizen, Roggen, Triticale etc. Die Pflanzen bestehen im Wesentlichen aus dem Korn und dem lignocellulosereichen Stroh, die in der Regel bereits bei der Ernte mit einem Mähdrescher getrennt werden.

Das Stroh kann in einer Lignocellulose-Bioraffinerie weiterverarbeitet werden oder durch Pyrolyse in Synthesegas (Syngas) umgewandelt werden. Dieses bildet die Basis für synthetische Kraftstoffe wie Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL) oder Methanol.

Das Korn besteht vor allem aus dem Glucose-Polymer Stärke, die vielfältig weiterverarbeitet werden kann. Sie kann z. B. direkt als Rohstoff der Lebensmittel- oder chemischen Industrie verwendet werden. Auch die Herstellung von bio-basierten Kunststoffen, wie z. B. thermoplastischer Stärke und die Verwendung als Fermentationssubstrat sind möglich.

Grüne Bioraffinerie
Die Grüne Bioraffinerie verwendet Pflanzenmaterial, wie z. B. Gras, Klee, Luzerne oder auch unreifes (grünes) Getreide aus der Landwirtschaft.
Ein wesentlicher Unterschied zu den anderen beiden Konzepten ist, dass die frische Pflanze verwendet wird, deren Inhaltsstoffe sich von Holz oder abgereiften Pflanzen deutlich unterscheidet. Der erste Aufbereitungsschritt ist das Abpressen des Pflanzensafts. Der Presskuchen enthält vor allem Fasern (Cellulose), wie auch Stärke, Farbstoffe und Pigmente. Im Presssaft finden sich Proteine, Aminosäuren, organische Säuren etc. Daraus könnten z. B. Produkte wie Milchsäure, Aminosäuren, Ethanol etc. isoliert werden. Der Presskuchen kann als Futtermittel, zur Erzeugung von Syngas und Biogas oder auch zur Gewinnung von chemischen Verbindungen verwendet werden.

Beispiele

Grüne-Bioraffinerie-Demonstrationsanlage in Utzenaich

In Österreich wurde im Mai 2009 eine Grüne Bioraffinerie als Demonstrationsanlage eröffnet. Es wird Grassilage verwendet, aus der Aminosäuren und Milchsäure gewonnen werden sollen. Feste Anteile werden in einer Biogasanlage energetisch verwertet. Es können 4 t Grassilage pro Stunde bzw. 100 l Presssaft pro Stunde verarbeitet werden. Pro Tonne Silage-Trockensubstanz können 150 bis 210 kg Milchsäure und 80 bis 120 kg Rohprotein (Aminosäuren) gewonnen werden. Ziel ist das Gewinnen von Erkenntnissen, welche die Konzipierung industrieller Anlagen unterstützen.

Lignocellulose-Bioraffinerie-Pilotanlage in Leuna
In einem von der Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. koordinierten Projekt wurden seit 2007 Verfahrenskonzepte für Lignocellulose-Bioraffinerien entwickelt. In einem Nachfolgeprojekt soll in Leuna (Sachsen-Anhalt) eine erste Versuchsanlage aufgebaut werden, die täglich 1,25 t Holz verarbeitet. Langfristig werden Anlagen mit Verarbeitungskapazitäten von 400.000 t/a für möglich gehalten.

Biowert-Anlage Brensbach
Die Biowert-Anlage arbeite mit einem an die Grüne Bioraffinerie angelehnten Prinzip. Als Rohstoff dient Gras bzw. Grassilage. Diese wird gepresst und der flüssige Anteil in einer Biogasanlage, die auch Prozessenergie bzw. Prozesswärme liefert, vergoren. Der Presskuchen enthält einen hohen Faseranteil, aus dem Dämmstoffe oder faserige Zusätze für Kunststoff (Naturfaserverstärkter Kunststoff) erzeugt werden.

Verfahren und Produkte
(siehe auch Artikel Raffination, Stärke als nachwachsender Rohstoff, Zucker als nachwachsender Rohstoff und Nachwachsender Rohstoff)

In der Bioraffinerie ist eine Vielzahl von Verfahren notwendig, um den Rohstoff aufzubereiten, bestimmte Fraktionen zu isolieren und mit chemischen, chemisch-physikalischen und biotechnologischen Verfahren weitere Verbindungen abzuleiten: Damit die Bioraffinerie möglichst nachhaltig arbeitet, sollten Methoden der grünen Chemie genutzt werden und deren Grundsätze eingehalten werden.
 Aufbereitung z. B. durch:
 Pressen
 Zerkleinerung durch Mahlen, Häckseln etc.
 Trennen und Isolieren durch (siehe auch Trennverfahren (Verfahrenstechnik)):
 Sieben und Filtration
 Extraktion
 Chromatographie
 etc.

Mit diesen Verfahren lassen sich bereits in der Biomasse vorhandene Stoffe und Verbindungen gewinnen. Durch chemische Veränderung lässt sich das Produktspektrum aber noch deutlich erweitern:

 Verarbeitung mit chemischen und chemisch-physikalischen Verfahren:
 Pyrolyse zur Herstellung von Synthesegas
 Verwendung von Synthesegas zur Synthese neuer Verbindungen, z. B. BtL und anderen Kohlenwasserstoffen durch Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese
 Verbrennung zur Erzeugung von Strom und Wärme
 Chemische Veränderung mit biotechnologischen Verfahren (siehe auch Biotechnologie und Weiße Biotechnologie):
 Verwendung des Rohstoffs bzw. von Anteilen für Fermentationen, z. B. zur Herstellung von Grund- und Feinchemikalien, Ethanol, Biogas, Rohstoffen zur Herstellung von bio-basierten Kunststoffen, Vitaminen, Aminosäuren etc.
 Biokatalyse mit isolierten Enzymen zur Modifikation bestimmter Verbindungen, z. B. mit Amylasen zur hydrolytischen Spaltung von Stärke zu Glucose

Gesundheitliche Bedeutung
In sämtlichen raffinierten Pflanzenölen sind 3-MCPD-Fettsäureester zu finden, wobei die Gehalte sich zum Teil stark unterscheiden. 3-MCPD wurde 2011 von der International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) als "mögliches Humankarzinogen" eingestuft.

Perspektive
Nach einer Marktstudie von Festel betrug 2001 der Anteil biotechnologisch hergestellter Chemikalien mit 30 Milliarden US-$ rund 2,5 % des Gesamtmarktes. Bis 2010 wurde ein Anstieg auf ca. 20 % (310 Milliarden US-$ bei einem Gesamtumsatz von 1600 Milliarden US-$) prognostiziert. Im Jahr 2007 betrug der Anteil 48 Milliarden US-$, was 3,5 % entsprach. Der Anteil der biotechnologisch produzierten Arzneistoffe betrug 2010 17 %.

Die Entwicklung der Bioraffinerie wurde in den USA in den vergangenen Jahren intensiv vorangetrieben. In die Förderung von Biomasse wurden jedes Jahr rund 360 Mio. US-Dollar investiert (2003: ca. 420 Mio. US-Dollar, 2005: ca. 310 Mio. US-Dollar). Dort erwarten Experten, dass bis 2020 ein Viertel der derzeit fossil-basierten organischen Grundstoffe und 10 % der Öle und Kraftstoffe mittels Bioraffinerie-Technologien produziert werden.

In der EU wurde in die Forschung zur Nutzung von Biomasse im Zuge des 6. Forschungsrahmenprogramms von Mitte 2002 bis 2006 insgesamt 74 Mio. Euro investiert. Im 7. Forschungsrahmenprogramm (2007–2013) wurde der jährliche Gesamtetat um 40 % erhöht, so dass auch bei der Forschung zur Biomassenutzung mit einer Erhöhung zu rechnen ist.

Literatur
 K. Arnold, D. Maga, U.Fritsche u. a.: BioCouple – Kopplung der stofflich/energetischen Nutzung von Biomasse – Analyse und Bewertung der Konzepte und der Einbindung in bestehende Bereitstellungs- und Nutzungsszenarien, Endbericht von Wuppertal-Institut, Fraunhofer UMSICHT und Öko-Institut zum BMU-geförderten Vorhaben FKZ-Nr. 03 KB 006 A-C, Wuppertal/Oberhausen/Darmstadt pdf-Datei 6,5 MB.
 G. Festel et al.: Der Einfluss der Biotechnologie auf Produktionsverfahren in der Chemieindustrie, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 2004, 76, No. 3, S. 307–312
 Biobased Industrial Products: Research and Commercialization Priorities (2000) Commission on Life Sciences (CLS). Der Text diente als Fachvorlage zur "Präsidentenorder" Nr.: 13101 zur Auflage eines gleichnamigen FuE-Programms in den USA bis zum Jahre 2010.
 B. Kamm, M. Kamm: Biorefinery-Systems, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly 2004, 18 (1), S. 1–6, pdf-Datei.
 B. Kamm, P. Gruber, M. Kamm: Biorefineries – Industrial Processes and Products, Wiley-VCH, 2006, ISBN 978-3-527-31027-2, umfassendes, zweibändiges Werk zum status quo und zur zukünftigen Entwicklung des Konzepts Bioraffinerie.
 A. Demirbas: Biorefineries. For Biomass Upgrading Facilities. Springer-Verlag, London 2010. ISBN 978-1-84882-720-2.

Weblinks
 International Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Task 42: Bioraffinerien.
 Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. (FNR), Internetpräsenz der Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, öffentlich finanzierte Einrichtung zur Forschung, Entwicklung, Markteinführung, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit etc. im Bereich Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, umfassende Informationen als pdf oder Druckversionen frei verfügbar
 MONITORING Industrielle stoffliche Nutzung nachwachsender Rohstoffe, Monitoring des Büros für Technikfolgenabschätzung des Deutschen Bundestags zur "Industriellen stoffliche Nutzung nachwachsender Rohstoffe"
 BIO-raffiniert – Nützliches rund um das Thema Bioraffinerie – Forum von Forschungseinrichtungen, Interessensverbänden und anderen, das den Themen Bioraffinerie und der weißen Biotechnologie zu mehr Beachtung verhelfen will
 biorefinica – tagungs- und symposiennetzwerk – Tagungs- und Symposiennetzwerk biobasierte industrielle Produkte, Prozesse und Bioraffinerien, inklusive der Vorträge verschiedener Tagungen
 FABRIK der Zukunft, österreichisches, öffentlich gefördertes Projekt zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung von nachhaltigen Technologien, wie z. B. Bioraffinerien; aktuelle und Hintergrundinfos zu Bioraffinerien
 Bioraffinerien ersetzen die Petrochemie, Bericht vom 6. November 2009 auf www.pflanzenforschung.de, Informationsportal des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
 Chemikalien aus der Bioraffinerie, umfassender Bericht in der Neuen Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), vom 21. November 2007, online verfügbar
  Map of 224 European biorefineries published by BIC and nova-Institute Bio-base News, 27 November 2017
 USA, Ethanol Biorefinery Locations, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2020.
 Bioethanol Kapazitäten in Europa aus Weizen und Zuckerrüben, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2020.
 UPM Biofore, Neue Bioraffinerie in Deutschland geplant, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2020.

Einzelnachweise

Trennverfahren
Biokraftstofftechnik
Bioreaktor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Fujifilm Announced Development of GFX 50S Medium Format Mirrorless Camera
Fujifilm officially announced the development of the new medium format FUJIFILM GFX mirrorless digital camera system that will deliver unmatched and exceptional image quality. Fujifilm will release the Fujifilm GFX 50S mirrorless camera which features the FUJIFILM G Format 43.8×32.9mm sensor with 51.4 megapixels and six lenses that will be introduced under the new FUJINON GF Lens series of interchangeable lenses after early 2017 sequentially for professional photographers and photo enthusiasts.
The new FUJIFILM GFX 50S will give professional photographers the most extraordinary image quality in the history of Fujifilm.
The FUJIFILM GFX 50S mirrorless digital camera will feature the new FUJIFILM G Format 43.8 x32.9mm sensor with an astonishing 51.4MP resolution and six FUJINON GF Lenses that will be introduced sequentially in early 2017.
FUJIFILM GFX 50S Key Features:
51.4MP Medium Format 43.8 x 32.9mm sensor for superior sharpness and image quality for all professional photographers
Can be adapted to various aspect ratios, including 4:3 (default), 3:2, 1:1, 4:5, 6:7 and 6:17
FUJIFILM "G Mount" with short flange back distance of just 26.7mm
"X-Processor Pro" imaging processor
Detachable electronic viewfinder
Weather and dust resistant; operates as low as 14 degrees Fahrenheit \ -10 degrees Celsius
The new FUJIFILM GFX system will be available in early 2017 in the U.S. with pricing to be announced at a later date.
FUJIFILM announces development of mirrorless camera system "GFX"
The game has changed. Medium-format re-invented.
Large sized sensor and large-diameter realize the highest image quality in the history of Fujifilm
PHOTOKINA 2016, COLOGNE, GERMANY, September 19, 2016—FUJIFILM Corporation (President: Kenji Sukeno) is proud to announce the development of the mirrorless digital camera system "GFX" to deliver the highest image quality in the history of Fujifilm electronic imaging. The company will release mirrorless digital camera FUJIFILM GFX 50S which features the FUJIFILM G Format 43.8×32.9mm sensor with 51.4 megapixels and six lenses that will be introduced under the new FUJINON GF Lens series of interchangeable lenses after early 2017 sequentially for professional photographers and photo enthusiasts. The new series deliver the highest image quality Fujifilm offers as well as outstanding expandability and functionality as a camera system.
Over the course of its proud history that extends over 80 years, Fujifilm has developed and manufactured photographic films with advanced image resolution and outstanding color and tone reproduction to meet the needs of professional photographers and photo enthusiasts, an extensive range of professional cameras under the consistent philosophy that "a camera is a tool for producing artwork," and high quality FUJINON lenses which forms an indispensable part of camera systems. All these technologies have been amassed to develop the GFX, which uses a medium-format sensor to achieve the highest level of image quality and a completely new type of mirrorless system, and its companion FUJINON GF lenses.
As a long-term manufacturer of photographic films and medium-format film cameras, Fujifilm was always aware of the impact which different format sizes have on photographic expressions. Using a larger format gives ultimate enhancement to a camera's ability to capture "texture quality," "stereoscopic effect" and "aerial feeling," which cannot be attained even by substantially increasing the sensor's pixel count. Since the launch of the X Series, an increasing number of professional photographers and photo enthusiasts expressed their desire to achieve the ultimate world of photographic expression with the X Series' signature color reproduction. The GFX camera system with "G Format" is Fujifilm's response to their desire.
(1) Obtaining the ultimate in photo image quality
Since the introduction of the X100 in 2011, Fujifilm has strived to achieve the best image quality possible with its X series of cameras. The latest and the most advanced addition is the new medium-format mirrorless camera GFX. It uses the new large-diameter "G Mount" and incorporates a large 43.8×32.9mm CMOS sensor. Boasting the effective pixel count of 51.4 million, the camera delivers superior sharpness and image quality that will satisfy professional photographers shooting commercial, fashion or fine-art landscapes. The sensor's 51.4 megapixels can be adapted to various aspect ratios, including 4:3 (default), 3:2, 1:1, 4:5, 6:7 and 6:17, which were available in film cameras of the large- and medium-formats. The camera uses the "X-Processor Pro" imaging processor, which provides Fujifilm's outstanding color and tone reproduction at an extremely high level. The result is the ultimate capability in photographic expressions that only Fujifilm can deliver thanks to its extensive knowledge in medium-format cameras and large-format films.
(2) Mirrorless camera system with a large sized sensor
The GFX is an all-new mirrorless camera system that revolutionizes the concept of medium-format cameras. Compared to conventional medium-format digital SLR cameras, the GFX is lighter weight, achieving a far more compact form factor. With regards to functionality, the camera follows in the footsteps of the X Series by featuring numerous physical buttons and dials, and is designed with an ergonomic grip, shaped carefully and optimized for the camera body and lenses. This model becomes Fujifilm's first model to use a detachable electronic viewfinder, which you can remove when using an external monitor or wanting to make the system even lighter. In addition, an optional adapter makes it possible to fit the EVF in any angle, giving greater freedom in the choice of shooting angle. Other optional accessories that will be released at the same time, include the Vertical Battery Grip, which enhances functionality when shooting in the portrait orientation. The camera also supports tethered shooting, which has become an essential part of the professional photographers' workflow, and will be compatible with various RAW conversion application software.
(3) New lenses with a new lens mount for added descriptive performance
A new lineup of FUJINON GF lenses, designed specifically for the GFX, supports the new G Mount. Taking advantage of the mirrorless system's structure, the G Mount has the short flange back distance of just 26.7mm to shorten the back focus distance as much as possible. This prevents vignetting to achieve edge-to-edge sharpness of the world's highest level. The initial lineup on launch is to include the following six lenses:
1. Standard prime "GF63mmF2.8 R WR" (equivalent to 50mm in the 35mm format)
2. Wide-angle standard zoom "GF32-64mmF4 R LM WR" (equivalent to 25-51mm in the 35mm format)
3. Mid-telephoto macro 1:0.5 "GF120mmF4 Macro R LM OIS WR" (equivalent to 95mm in the 35mm format)
4. Fast aperture mid-telephoto "GF110mmF2 R LM WR" (equivalent to 87mm in the 35mm format)
5. Ultra wide "GF23mmF4 R LM WR" (equivalent to 18mm in the 35mm format)
6. Wide "GF45mmF2.8 R WR" (equivalent to 35mm in the 35mm format)
The lenses feature an aperture ring, a popular feature in the X Series, and have the new C (Command) Position on the ring to enable aperture adjustments with the Command Dial on the camera body. All the lenses feature dust and weather resistant construction that withstands operation at temperatures as low as minus 10 degrees Celsius, allowing you to take them outdoors with peace of mind. This gives these lenses a strong potential, suitable for professional use in tough conditions.
Via: Fujifilm
Fujifilm Medium Format Mirrorless Camera Coming by the end of Summer?
50MP Fujifilm Medium Format Camera to be Announced at Photokina 2016?
Fujifilm Medium Format Camera Coming at Photokina 2016?
Fujifilm Medium Format Camera Coming with 3 New Lenses
Fujifilm Medium Format Camera Will Be More Affordable than Hasselblad X1D
Camera News, Fujifilm
Fujifilm cameras, Fujifilm GFX, Fujifilm GFX 50S, Fujifilm Rumors, Medium Format camera, mirrorless cameras, Photokina 2016
SanDisk 1TB SDXC Card Prototype Unveiled at Photokina 2016
Sigma Posted Canon EOS 5D Mark IV Compatibility Warning


We have secured a lodging option for using rooms at the Mt. Mansfield Winter Academy, a ski academy in Stowe. These will be bunk like, and you will need to bring bedding or a sleeping bag.
I am preparing a big pasta dinner for Saturday night and that is included in the lodging price. For those not wishing to stay, you are invited to the dinner at a cost of $7/pp. They do have a complete kitchen and it is suggested to bring your own breakfast foods. I will have coffee.
The cost will be $45/pp for lodging and dinner and available for Sat night only. Parents are invited, space available. Coaches will be staying there and we do have a few chaperones.
We have secured a lodging option for using rooms at the Mt. Mansfield Winter Academy, a ski academy in Stowe. These will be bunk like, I have not seen them yet, but will get there before July. The cost will be $45/pp and I am thinking that most will come for Sat night only. I am planning on a big pasta feed Sat night. They do have a complete kitchen. You will need to bring bedding or a sleeping bag.
love to sign up Olive for this tournament! please add her to your list. i guess she would be U15 (though she does not turn 14 till Aug 10)?
Will do. Adding Mia also.


I can logically understand the lack of protest when Muslims kill Americans in Iraq. We're seen as occupiers by many. But I can't understand how the mass slaughter of 70 Baghdad college students last week by Sunni suicide bombers or the blowing up of a Shiite mosque on the first day of Ramadan in 2005 evoke so little response. Every day it's 100 more.
I raise this question because the only hope left for Iraq — if there is any — is not in a U.S. counterinsurgency strategy. That may be necessary, but without a Muslim counternihilism strategy that delegitimizes the mass murder of Muslims by Muslims, there is no hope for decent politics there. It takes a village, and right now the Muslim village is mute. It has no moral voice when it comes to its own.
The Arab regimes want America to believe that there are only two choices: Islamists and the regimes, so it will side with the regimes.
This is one reason Mr. Ibrahim hopes the Islamists will take up the democratic agenda. They could carry it to the masses. One of the most popular Islamist leaders in the Arab world today, he notes, is Hezbollah's Sheik Hassan Nasrallah in Lebanon. Up to now, though, the leaders of Hezbollah and Hamas seem to prefer being of pawns of Syria and Iran than agents of democratic change and Muslim reconciliation.
There's a lot at stake. If Iraq is ultimately unraveled by Muslim suicide-nihilism, it certainly will be a blot on our history — we opened this Pandora's box. But it will be a plague on the future of the whole Arab world.
If Arab Muslims can summon the will to protest only against the insults of "the foreigner" but never the injuries inflicted by their own on their own, how can they ever generate a modern society or democracy — which is all about respecting and protecting minority voices and unorthodox views? And if Sunnis and Shiites can never form a social contract to rule themselves — and will always require an iron-fisted dictator — decent government will forever elude them.


Tomorrow's results are created by today's dreamers, and you may be dreaming about how you can help your community well into the future, planned giving is one way you can do that.
By giving to BHcare, you are making an investment that will help provide much needed funding for innovative behavioral health services, live saving domestic violence services, and important prevention and education programming. The power of your planned gift will be magnified many times over, playing a quiet, yet vital role in building a healthier community for the future.
BHcare is honored to have been chosen by Mildred M. Davey as one of the beneficiaries of her planned giving. The life-long Shelton resident enjoyed a long career in human resource management, serving as Director, Personnel at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Connecticut for more than 25 years. She joined the Hewitt organization in Shelton as Vice President, Human Resources in 1981, and in 1985 became President of Hewitt Management Corporation, a position she held until her retirement in 1998.
Her gift is especially meaningful as it comes from someone that supported our organization for over 20 years. Mrs. Davey's dedication to organizations in the Lower Naugatuck Valley, including BHcare, was evident throughout her life and, in her passing, continues to make an impact on the women, men and children we serve.
Mrs. Davey's generous gift to BHcare will help to improve the lives and health of thousands of individuals and families by providing access to mental health, substance abuse and domestic violence services.
A planned gift is an ideal way to make a commitment to BHcare now, while fulfilling that commitment at a later date through such devices as a bequest, trust or contract (this approach often results in financial and tax benefits). You can also make a blended gift, including cash now and a planned gift for the future.
Cash Gifts: A cash gift can be as simple as writing a check in support of BHcare. IRS regulations allow you to claim a charitable gift deduction of up to 50 percent of your adjusted gross income. If your giving exceeds that limit, you can carry your deductions forward for up to five years.
Gifts of Securities: Making a gift of appreciated stock or mutual funds can be an excellent philanthropic tool. Even more, it can be a way to reduce your tax burden.
Gift from an IRA: Through the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization and Job Creation Act of 2010, you may be able to make a tax-free charitable contribution to BHcare. The act allows individuals 70½ and older to make direct gifts from their IRA account, up to $100,000. The rules that apply to an IRA gift are subject to change by the Internal Revenue Service.
Bequests (Gifts Through Your Will): Through your will, you can make a specific bequest to BHcare or set aside a percentage of your estate as a charitable gift. Or, your will can direct that the remaining balance of your estate be set aside for a gift.
Life Income Giving: This type of gift instrument includes the charitable gift annuity, the charitable remainder trust, the charitable lead trust and life insurance. A brief summary on each is available upon your request.
Please send a copy of your intentions to BHcare: BHcare, 127 Washington Avenue, 3rd Floor West, North Haven, CT 06473 Attn: Development Department.
We invite you or your representative to call BHcare's Chief Business Development Officer with any questions, (203) 446-9739 x2207. Your gift is greatly appreciated.


text:
Growing the Future
School Garden Thrives with Extension, Community Support
Story by Leah Barbour • Photos by Kevin Hudson
After a tragic car accident in 2017 led to the deaths of two Central Elementary School students, school leaders raised money to support their funerals. Their efforts inspired many South Mississippi residents in Lucedale and across George County.
So much money was raised that the extra funds were designated to build a school garden in memory of the girls, Terra and Sierra.
"My first call was probably to Mr. Heath Steede with Extension," remembers Principal Zach Bost. "He knows everything there is to know about growing crops and everything related to it. I didn't know him before I called, but he had already had some conversations about a garden with someone at the school. So I called him."
Steede, the agricultural Mississippi State University Extension Service agent and county coordinator, was willing and ready to take on the challenge.
Principal Zach Bost (back left) and Extension agent Heath Steede (back right), with third-grader Jaxson Robbins (front left) and first-grader Destiney Walley, celebrate the formal reveal of their school garden at Central Elementary School in Lucedale.
"I've been with Extension for about 7 years, and, when I told the school what I needed, when I told the kids what I needed, everybody took it and just ran with it," he explains. "But I told Zach, 'I can make this place grow stuff, but you'll need someone else to make it pretty."
Bost enlisted the help of the local parent-teacher organization and area businesses to donate to and support the garden, and, to make it beautiful, he recruited Landon Rucker, an alumnus of Central Elementary and an MSU sophomore currently enrolled in the university's landscape architecture program.
"Landon has been pivotal. What you're looking at is basically his design," Bost laughs. "But Mr. Steede literally built every box you're seeing here. What Extension is doing here is making a foundation for a program that could—and should—be done across the country."
Satsuma trees and magnolias were planted. Hummingbird feeders and ferns were hung. Now, teachers and administrators are taking the children outside and letting them take an active role in their own garden. They're proving that working, learning, and playing together outside fosters social and academic success.
"With the groundwork laid and the landscaping completed, the real work of maintaining, growing, and harvesting the school garden has begun. Already, the raised beds hold a range of vegetables that are being tended by small, loving fingers."
Zach Bost, Principal
Close to 60 children ages 5 to 12 are participating in the Garden Club, but all students at the school—more than 600—are benefiting, no matter which school club they're in. Garden Club students are running outside to water their plants and flowers, check the growth, and prepare for harvest. Students in the Building Club are creating birdhouses to attract wildlife. Children in the Cooking Club are discovering how to prepare fresh dishes with ripe produce plucked from the garden.'
And whether they are studying on the benches or doing their homework in the gazebo, all the children are finding ways to enjoy and learn in the beautiful, peaceful space.
They're already reaping the benefits of outdoor instruction, school-grown fruits and vegetables, and an environment that serves as one of the school's best settings for instruction and recreation. Students are discovering how to apply the academic skills they learn inside as they play and study outside.
The school formally welcomed George County School District school board members to the garden in early May. With about 20 Garden Club members of all ages on hand to show the adults what they'd done and how they were doing it, excitement was in the air.
"We did all of this with Extension," Bost explains. "What Extension is doing with our kids can happen at every school in the state. They'll give you the expertise you need to grow it, and they'll give you the nutrition information you need to eat it. We can call Extension any time we need them, and they give our kids the experience of planting plants and reaping the harvest.
"We're far from done," he continues. "Our kids are going to get the total learning experience by making their own decisions. They'll harvest and eat and begin the cycle again, and Extension will be here with us every step of the way."
Mississippi State University Extension Service Agent Heath Steede in George County, Mississippi, tells why he helped plant and grow a garden at Central Elementary School in Lucedale.
Community, Lawn and Garden, Flower Gardens, Herb Gardens, Landscape Design and Management, Vegetable Gardens, Youth Gardening
By Ms. Leah Barbour
Learning with Leaders
4-H Friends
Celebrating Mississippi
A Bushel and a Peck
Sharks on Shore
Positive Life Changes
Doing the 'Heart' Work
Foodie Market
Honoring Her Ancestors
Gardening Again
Development Direction
Extension Matters Issues
Volume 7 Number 3
Cigars and mouse ears are perfect in gardens
Bring back old-fashioned cosmos in modern garden
Caryopteris, or Bluebeard, is outstanding in gardens
Mississippi rural leaders feel a 'sense of urgency'
Daylilies putting on quite a show
Publication Number: 5189
Sash Greenhouse (10 x 18)
Greenhouse Cold Frame (5 x 7)
Publication Number: E0003
EC HealthNet Health Care Provider Survey
EC HealthNet Analysis of Healthcare Coverage
Plastic Greenhouse (12 x 17)
https://extension.msstate.edu/extension-matters/growing-the-future


This diagonal stitch knit cowl is the comfy and cozy cowl you'll need to make for winter! Knit in Caron Chunky Cakes, Blue Moon.
Caron Chunky Cakes is exclusively available for purchase at Michaels.
A diagonal knit stitch cowl worked up in Caron Chunky Cakes is super cozy and colorful!


A tutorial aimed for intermediate-advanced 2D Flash animators. In depth insight into the decisions made when plotting out your key poses. Showing you an intuitive method of continuous animation with a variety of strategies to maintain relative proportions and character arcs in the character animation. As well as applying other essential principles such as timing and spacing.


The following article wants to highlight the key benefits for your company derived by outsourcing lead generation.
For this, I will guide you through two background concepts — Why is Lead Generation Important? & Why is it difficult? — to then jump onto the key section of this article, Why is outsourcing the right choice?
Given the long read ahead of you, I advise you to skip directly to the part that most interests you.
Personally, I love this quote by Zig Zaglar. It perfectly summarizes the importance of Lead Generation for any business, whether B2B or B2C. No matter how good you are at selling, without an audience of people potentially interested in what you do, a.k.a. potential clients, there is no way you can sell.
But isn't Lead Generation simply about educating audiences about my business?
I am afraid not. The key point of generating leads, lays on the careful selection, scoring and qualification process of prospects, with whom it is essential to build solid and trustworthy relationships.
During my research, I came across a very nice article which clearly explains the evolution of Lead Generation, its importance and the value of business relationships.
Everything started with the key challenge of an overloading flow of information for customers, leading to a radical change in the buying process.
At the time of scarce information, sellers reached out to buyers, whom were expected not to be prepared about nor aware of the seller, and thus willing to discover more.
Nowadays, with an overload of information buyers are the ones who hold the reins of the sale. They easily scan through the vast amount of information that is provided to them, dig further into what mostly appeals to them and then come to you, with clear ideas of what they want and what to expect from your sales team.
Your business needs to have in place an excellent lead generation strategy to reach and impress your buyers, before they even think about contacting the sales department of your competitors. Hence, you need to build a relationship with your potential customers by understanding and anticipating what they want and when they want it.
Lead Generation activities help you throughout the whole process, from awareness, through qualification, nurturing until the moment right before the sale.
Importance, clear. But how do I perform it?
I couldn't find a quote that expressed my thoughts, so I just wrote my own.
Nowadays, the market is more complex than ever, more crowded than ever and within the crowd the competition is skyrocketing. Making the customer feel unique is essential to stand out. And you can achieve this, by strategically building relationships with them. However, doing so requires time, involve numerous resources and a very big portion of your marketing budget.
Therefore, it is crucial to have in place processes and methods that allow you to focus only on quality leads.
And here it comes the hard bit.
It takes around 30 minutes for a marketer to conduct research and find insights about your prospect companies. As well as, it takes around 30 minutes to write a single follow-up. Multiply this by all the prospects you have. In terms of time, this is a heck of an investment -not to consider the time spent in finding the right KDMs.
The generation of an Ideal Customer Profile requires attentive actions. No news here: the more details you know about what you are looking for, the easier the search is and greater the likelihood to find it. Thus, the more accurate the ICP, the more likely you will generate high quality leads.
It´s well known that within business the sales and marketing teams have problems communicating. And this is a big obstacle to the efficiency of lead generation activities, as marketing might invest time in qualifying and nurturing a prospect, to pass it onto sales, which might then express its discontent about the lead and drop the ball.
I don´t want to look at things from the price point of view, but, yes, lead generation is expensive. And this is a further factor that makes it very hard. You need to consider investing a lot upfront, to then see the results only months after.
Lead Generation is an essential activity for your business, yet very hard.
This should be enough for you to agree that outsourcing lead generation is the right choice.
But, let´s dig deeper into this.
WHY IS OUTSOURCING THE RIGHT CHOICE?
Four aspects of your business that outsourcing would have a positively impact on.
The key benefit lays on the cross ground of costs, time and resource management.
Having your own in-house lead generation team involves investment on various fronts.
First of all, you need to consider the hiring process. Your HR department will have to invest a considerable amount of time and resources, constantly, to find new people to perform the job. Most of the time, the latters will require a certain period of time to be trained (training process) in order to perform lead generation activity. This period might as well vary in length depending on the person's experience and understanding of the tasks.
On top of this, for each new client or cross-selling opportunities that you have in your hands, most likely you will need to hire new people fitting the scope of new projects (building process).
You have been working across the Dutch market and now you want to expand across Europe, specifically in Italy, Spain, Portugal and France. Unless you are extremely lucky to find people speaking more than 3 languages at native level, most likely you will find yourself looking for and hiring people coming from those countries.
You decide to stop performing in the Netherlands to focus further in Europe and expand across eastern-Europe. What will you do with your Dutch-speaking team? You will struggle to find new roles for them. Yes, it's feasible. But will these employees still be an asset for you, or more of an additional fruitless cost until you decide once again to perform in Dutch-speaking countries?
No need of hiring, training processes(Cost).
Experts starting to perform from day 0, as soon as you sign the contract (Time).
Letting your most valuable resources focus on more important tasks and avoiding the building process happening within your walls, together with the problems that might arise from it (Resource Management).
Generating new leads, as we said before is not that easy: you need to generate quality leads in order to accelerate your pipeline. To achieve this, it's essential to put in place efficient scoring and qualification processes. If your business is not familiar with lead generation, the mise-en-oeuvre of these processes can require several attempts and surely long time.
A company specialized in performing such activities already has a proven strategy to quickly identify the most valuable leads for your business (through the ICP), gather useful information and considerably ease out the job for your sales people.
Further factor to consider, having an in-house team implies costs of infrastructure, tools and material. And, when the budget is not enough to allow your business to provide your team with the right technology to perform lead generation, I can tell you, what you will get is nothing near quality leads.
By outsourcing, you won´t even need to think about these costs, rather, you will have the chance to invest more in the preparation of your sales team.
This last benefit derives from the fact that, considering all we have mentioned so far, an in-house lead generation team might not be capable to identify what was the winning factor that allowed them to provide the sales team with good leads.
What I mean by this is that, companies specialized in lead generation worked hard to find their key differentiator between them and their competitors, whatever that might be. That key differentiator is what allows them to come to your sales team, and confidently promote their service.
Lead generation companies have, therefore, developed metrics to evaluate successful practices and strategies, which can help you to measure your business´ results and improve your overall performance.
In conclusion, outsourcing lead generation can only make your life easier.


Notes: After having listened to Quicken the Heart a few times I really like it now. Great record!
Couldn't find this exact song to download/stream anywhere but you can download Let's Get Clinical and Wraithlike, two other songs from the new album.
Well normally if I want to watch a video on the web I go to Youtube first. But some videos – especially music videos it seems – are not available to users outside of the US or maybe they aren't on Youtube at all. So if this is the case, I go to Truveo to see if that video is available on any other site so I can actually watch it. And most of the time I find what I've been looking for this way.


text:
'Babylon 5' Will Be Rebooted By Original Series Creator
ScreenCrush Staff Published: September 27, 2021
So... Babylon 6?
For the first time since the early 2000s, Babylon 5 is returning to television. The series is reportedly getting a new show from its original creator, J. Michael Straczynski. His first Babylon 5 aired in syndication and on TNT for five years through the middle and late '90s, and earned a reputation as one of the greatest sci-fi shows of its era.
Per Variety, the new Babylon 5 will be a "from-the-ground-up reboot" of the earlier series with his premise:
John Sheridan, an Earthforce officer with a mysterious background, is assigned to Babylon 5, a five-mile-long space station in neutral space, a port of call for travelers, smugglers, corporate explorers and alien diplomats at a time of uneasy peace and the constant threat of war. His arrival triggers a destiny beyond anything he could have imagined, as an exploratory Earth company accidentally triggers a conflict with a civilization a million years ahead of us, putting Sheridan and the rest of the B5 crew in the line of fire as the last, best hope for the survival of the human race.
They also note that as of now, none of the original Babylon 5 cast are confirmed to appear on the series. (Sheridan was played previously by Bruce Boxleitner.)
While Babylon 5 was a staple of syndication through most of its first run on television, this new iteration is being developed for broadcast by The CW. Straczynski has previously expanded the universe of Babylon 5 with novels, comics, TV movies, assorted merchandise and games, and one season of a sequel series called Crusade. He's also worked on Sense8, and written celebrated run on Marvel comics like Thor and The Amazing Spider-Man. As long as he's in charge, this is pretty exciting news for Babylon 5 fans.
Every Video Game Movie Ever Made, Ranked From Worst to Best
Source: 'Babylon 5' Will Be Rebooted By Original Series Creator
Filed Under: Babylon 5, J. Michael Straczynski, The CW, TV


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The VOLKSWAGEN New Passat Estate 2.0 TDI 140PS BlueMotion Technology SE is a 1,968 cc diesel engine vehicle.
Do you drive a New Passat Estate 2.0 TDI 140PS BlueMotion Technology SE? Do you get 61.40 MPG? Share your experience.


The cost-competitiveness of technologies varies by country, but the deployment of RE/EE technologies together results in overall savings to the energy system across all countries.
All countries have significant untapped and economically attractive RE/EE deployment potential, beyond that foreseen in national plans.
A greater understanding is needed of which countries and regions require which additional technologies to meet global climate and sustainability targets.


Ludogorets U14 and the 15-year-old players of Brasov reached an even 1:1 score at one of the fields of the Ludogorets club base.
The guest team chose to organize counter-attacks and had two goal situations in the first half.
Brasov scored in the 49th minute and Ludogorets made the score even in the 66th minute. Chiplakov, who was a replacement player, scored the goal from the free kick point.
'The players showed character and ambition despite they were younger than the competitors' players. Our counter-attacks were good and we had the chance to win if we were just a bit more concentrated', said the coach Emil Georgiev.
Ludogorets U14 team composition: Hakif, Rusev, Georgiev, Karaivanov, Ivanov, Mitev, Toshev, Georgiev, Mutafov, Valchev, Kirev (Cholakov, Krastev, Georgiev, Panov, Dimitrov, Chiplakov, Troy, Genov, Belaliev).


Installing glass shower screens in your bathroom can really help to make the entire area more functional and perhaps even more modern looking. There are times whenever you may want to consider using glass screen doors so that you can enter and leave the area while still maintaining an enclosed environment while you're inside. It is also possible that you might want to install a frameless glass shower screen, as this can add a modern look to the bathroom and can really extend how the eye perceives the space inside of this rather small area of the home. Here are some other options that are available for glass shower screens.
Perhaps the most common of these items is going to be a fixed piece of tempered glass that will keep the water in the area of the shower or bath enclosure. These are very popular whenever you are adding a permanent fixture to an existing tub in order to replace the old shower curtain that you may have used for many years. Although these certainly can be functional and they can also be nice-looking, they may create a little bit of additional work for you in the long run. After all, glass shower screens tend to accumulate water in the track and they can be a real problem with mold and mildew growth.
Another reason why you may want to modify the way that you use one of these glass screen doors is because of the access that you might need to the tub from time to time. That is why many people install a sliding glass door instead of a piece of glass that is fixed in its position. Some of the times whenever you may need additional access to the tub include any time that you are cleaning it or perhaps if you are watching a dog.
Adding frameless glass shower screen enclosures in the bathroom can not only modernize the look of the area, it can also trick the eye into thinking that the room is larger than what it is. Installing these frameless items, however, can be a bit more difficult than installing a standard shower door which can generally be done in a weekend. If you are unfamiliar with how to install these items, you may want to hire a contractor, as there is not much room for error whenever you're installing frameless glass screen doors.
Look on the Internet at all the different options that you have available when it comes to glass shower screens and the various enclosures that you may include in your bathroom. Regardless of whether you are adding glass screen doors to an existing enclosure or if you are going to install a frameless glass shower screen to an existing bath and have it permanently in place, there are going to be options that you may not have considered before. If you take the time to look at these options and perhaps even get some feedback from individuals that have utilized them in the past, you would be surprised with what you are able to find.


text:
Home > Medical Services > Primary Care > Keeping babies safe in bed
Keeping babies safe in bed
For years, crib bumper pads were not only considered a nursery fashion accessory, but also a safe way to prevent babies from bumping their heads or getting limbs trapped between the slats of the crib. These days, they are no longer considered safe, and researchers in a recent study published in the Journal of Pediatrics have recommended that the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission ban crib bumpers altogether. They currently just recommend against pillow-like bumpers.
The researchers identified 48 suffocation deaths related to crib bumpers between 1985 and 2012. Two-thirds of the deaths were directly attributed to bumper pads and the remaining third were caused when the baby became wedged between the bumper and another object. Ninety percent of the deaths occurred in babies seven months or younger.
"Bumper pads have actually been out of fashion for probably about 10 years," said pediatrician Alexander Heard, MD, at Cape Cod Pediatrics in Forestdale. "The theory being that children can use them as a step to get out of their crib or to get suffocated. With that in mind, we have not been recommending bumpers for a long time."
The good news on the subject of infant sleeping is that deaths from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome have decreased dramatically in recent years. The "Back-to-Sleep" campaign that began in 1992 when the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that babies sleep on their backs, unencumbered by soft blankets or bedding, is given a lot of the credit for the decrease.
"When they originally looked at the Back to Sleep campaign, they saw a decrease in SIDS of 50 percent," Dr. Heard said. "I think the declines in teen pregnancy and improved prenatal care have helped. We've also done a large reduction in early elective deliveries. We're keeping babies inside their mothers a lot longer. I don't know the pure causality of that with SIDS but we're getting more healthy delivered babies."
One tool modern mothers use to ensure that their babies stay on their backs is the swaddling blanket that wraps an infant up like a little burrito. It has long been known that swaddling is an effective way to calm a baby especially in the first few months, but some mothers have continued swaddling long after the first few months, creating a backlash against the practice.
In 2011 the National Resource Center on Child Health and Safety, a Colorado-based organization that provides health and safety guidelines for childcare centers recommended against swaddling. Since then the practice has been banned in child care centers in Minnesota and strongly discouraged in centers in Pennsylvania and California.
There's so much conflicting information on the Internet that it's hard for new parents to know which advice to follow.
"When we were growing up, we had Dr. Sears and Dr. Spock. We only had two options and they agreed on almost everything," Dr. Heard said. "These days there are 20 different options to take care of each issue and what that really says is that there is not really crystal clear data one way or another about any of these topics.
"A lot of it is up to the family's belief system and the approach they want to take. What I tell parents is that moderation is usually the key to everything. If your kid is swaddled 23 out of 24 hours a day, that's not a good idea. If they're swaddled to sooth them to get them to sleep and they enjoy it and are not fighting against it, then it's probably okay."


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Q: Finding a list of all largest open rectangles in a grid by only examining a list of "open" indices I have a 2D grid that has some obstacles in it.
[x][x][ ]
[ ][ ][ ]
[ ][ ][x]

I want to be able to find all the largest spaces of "open" grid cells.
[x][x][ ]       [x][x][ ]
[1][1][ ]       [2][2][2]
[1][1][x]  and  [ ][ ][x]

I saw the question here which is similar; however, the data I have access to is not a 2D array of values. I have a list of only the open/available indices, and this is stored in a single-dimensional array. Using the above example, my data looks like this:
[0,2]
[1,0]
[1,1]
[1,2]
[2,0]
[2,1]

I could translate it to a 2-D array, but I don't want to have to loop over all the items again to do that. I have a feeling there is some really simple solution to this, but I can't seem to find it.
Is there a way to find all the largest rectangles by only examining a list of the open indices?
EDIT
I just decided to change the array of open indices into a 2D array representing the entire grid, then use the algorithm I linked to. This works efficiently enough for my initial tests; however, I am interested to read about other possible solutions, should I need to alter my implementation for performance or space concerns.

A: Of course.
To find a rectangle:

*

*Start with any free cell.  Assume this is going to be the upper-left corner.

*See if it can be extended horizontally.

*See if it can be extended vertically.

*Backtrack.

I'll ellaborate on this later, but thought this could give you a jump-start.

A: The list of available coordinates is sorted.
So have a global, upto-now maximum rectangle, as list too.
Do a list walk, and for every item call a function with the sublist starting at the item. To find the largest rectangle starting top-left with that item.
public List<Coord> getMaxRectangle(List<Coord> openCoords) {
    List<Coord> currentMaxRectangle = null;
    for (int i = 0; i < openCoords.size(); ++i) {
        // Handle all rectangles starting here:
        currentMaxRectangle = maxRectangleStartingAt(i, currentMaxRectangle);
    }
    return currentMaxRectangle;
}

public List<Coord> maxRectangleStartingAt(int i, List<Coord> openCoords) {
    // Now the interesting part:
    // Take the maximal width list first: standing for all widths 1, ... max width.
    List<Coord> rect = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int j = i; j < openCoords.size()
            && openCoords.get(j).y == openCoords.get(i).y
            && openCoords.get(j).x - openCoords.get(i).x == j - i;
            ++j) {
        rect.add(openCoords.get(j);
    }
    int maxWidth = rect.size();
    // Now we can look for next lines below rect.get(0), ... get(maxWidth - 1),
    // continuously diminishing maxWidth till 0.
    // When we need to diminish maxWidth, we can look wether the original
    // maxWidth by (currentY - 1) is a maximum result.
    ...
}

So we walk:
           +-------------+ 1st rect
           |           |
           |           | 2nd rect
           |      | 3rd rect
           |   | 4th rect

Demonstration of O(N²) complexity:
public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[][] openCoords = {
        {0, 2},
        {1, 0},
        {1, 1},
        {1, 2},
        {2, 0},
        {2, 1}
    };
    new MaxRectFinder().find(openCoords);
}

private int[] maximumTopLeft;
private int[] maximumSize;

private void find(int[][] openCoords) {
    maximumTopLeft = null;
    maximumSize = new int[2];
    for (int topLeftCandidateI = 0; topLeftCandidateI < openCoords.length; ++topLeftCandidateI) {
        int yOrig = openCoords[topLeftCandidateI][0];
        int xOrig = openCoords[topLeftCandidateI][1];
        int y = yOrig;
        int x = xOrig + 1;
        int j = topLeftCandidateI + 1;
        while (j < openCoords.length
                && openCoords[j][0] == y
                && openCoords[j][1] == x) {
            ++x;
            ++j;
        }
        // Now we have a maximum x.
        for (;;) {
            // Skip after right side on current line:
            while (j < openCoords.length
                    && openCoords[j][0] == y) {
                ++j;
            }
            ++y;
            // Check for maximum:
            if (maximumTopLeft == null || (y - yOrig)*(x - xOrig) > maximumSize[0] * maximumSize[1]) {
                maximumSize[0] = y - yOrig;
                maximumSize[1] = x - xOrig;
                maximumTopLeft = openCoords[topLeftCandidateI];
            }
            // Skip before left side below origin:
            while (j < openCoords.length
                    && openCoords[j][0] == y
                    && openCoords[j][1] < x) {
                ++j;
            }
            if (j >= openCoords.length
                    || openCoords[j][0] != y
                    || openCoords[j][1] != x) {
                break;
            }
            // Register rectangle part:
            int x2 = xOrig;
            while (j < openCoords.length
                    && openCoords[j][0] == y
                    && openCoords[j][1] == x2
                    && x2 <= x) {
                ++x2;
                ++j;
            }
            x = x2;
        }
    }
    if (maximumTopLeft == null) {
        System.out.println("No solution found, not even 1x1.");
    } else {
        System.out.printf("At [%d, %d] with size [%d, %d].%n",
                maximumTopLeft[0], maximumTopLeft[1], maximumSize[0], maximumSize[1]);
    }
}

A: My previous answer was the simple approach.  This a completely different one.
Algorithm

*

*Identify horizontal runs and transform to rectangle notation.

*Initialize currRects list with rectangles in row 0.

*Set currRow to 1.

*For each rectangle b in currRects, find intersections with horizontal runs a in row currRow.  An intersect operation i is defined as
    r(axi-axt,ayi-ayt) i r(bxi-bxt,byi-byt)

Its relevance is how both rectangle's y range intersect.  Depicting it graphically:
       bbb
    aa|   |     No intersect
    aa|aa |     Partial intersect
    aa|aaa|     a contains b
    aa|aaa|a    a contains b
      |aa |     b contains a
      |aaa|     a equal b
      |aaa|a    a contains b
      | aa|     b contains a
      | aa|a    Partial intersect
      |   |aa   No intersect

The necessary logic to determine each case is based in ayi, ayt, byi, and byt and simple, thus not described here.
This function will return a list of up to 2 rectangles and a flag.
    No intersect       ([],true)
    Partial intersect: ([red,a],true)
    b contains a:      ([red],true)
    a contains b:      ([pres,a],false)
    a equal b:         ([pres],false)

red and pres are the result of combining the previous rectangle b with the incoming a.  It can be preserving the width (in the sense of y coordinates) of the rectangle, or reducing it, but the difference is not important algorithmically.
The core of step 4 is to keep a list nextCurrRects with all the rectangles returned by function intersect.  nextCurrRects should be initially empty, of course.  Additionally, if for a rectangle b in the previous currRects the returned flag is never false, then b needs to be put in the final resulting list (or just printed or "yielded").

*Make currRects equal to nextCurrRects.  Iterate if currRow has not reached the end.

*All rectangles still in currRects also belong to the result.
Example
1) inRects= [ r(0-0,2-2), r(1-1,0-2), r(2-2,0-1) ]
2) currRects= [ r(0-0,2-2) ]
3) currRow= 1
4)
    nextCurrRects= []
    r(1-1,0-2) i r(0-0,2-2) {a contains b} == ( [ r(0-1,2-2), r(1-1,0-2)] ], false )
    nextCurrRects == [ r(0-1,2-2), r(1-1,0-2)] ]

5) currRects == [ r(0-1,2-2), r(1-1,0-2)] ]
4)
    nextCurrRects= []

    r(2-2,0-1) i r(0-1,2-2) {No intersect} == ( [], true )
    Never false -> result= [ r(0-1,2-2) ]

    r(2-2,0-1) i r(1-1,0-2) {Partial intersect} == ( r(1-2,0-1), true )
    nextCurrRects= [ r(1-2,0-1) ]
    Never false -> result= [ r(0-1,2-2) , r(1-2,0-1) ]

5) currRects= [ r(1-2,0-1) ]
6) result= [ r(0-1,2-2) , r(1-2,0-1) , r(1-2,0-1) ]
In fact, the algorithm just "discovered" that there is a 3rd resulting rectangle not considered in the original example:
    [x][x][3]
    [ ][ ][3]
    [ ][ ][x]

Code
class Range:
    def __init__(self,start,end=None):
        self.start= start
        self.end= end if end is not None else start
    def isEmpty(self):
        return self.start > self.end
    def isUnit(self):
        return self.start == self.end
    def intersect(self,other):
        return Range( max(self.start,other.start) , min(self.end,other.end) )
    def contains(self,other):
        return self.start <= other.start and self.end >= other.end
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Range(%d,%d)" % ( self.start, self.end )

class Rect:
    def __init__(self,xRange,yRange):
        self.xRange= xRange
        self.yRange= yRange
    def isEmpty(self):
        return self.xRange.isEmpty() or self.yRange.isEmpty()
    def isUnit(self):
        return self.xRange.isUnit() and self.yRange.isUnit()
    def intersect(self,other):
        return Range( max(self.start,other.start) , min(self.end,other.end) )
    def contains(self,other):
        return self.xRange.contains(other.xRange) and self.yRange.contains(other.yRange)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Rect(%s,%s)" % ( self.xRange, self.yRange )

def intersect(a,b):
    r= Rect( Range(b.xRange.start,a.xRange.end) , a.yRange.intersect(b.yRange) )
    brokenB= not a.yRange.contains(b.yRange)
    fullyAbsorbedA= b.yRange.contains(a.yRange)
    return (r,brokenB,fullyAbsorbedA)

def findOpenRectangles(freeElements,pastRowNum):

    #  From `freeElements`, compute free runs into `freeRunsPerRow`
    from collections import defaultdict
    freeRunsPerRow= defaultdict(set)
    rowNum= -1
    currRun= None
    for fe in freeElements :
        if fe[0] != rowNum :
            if currRun is not None:
                freeRunsPerRow[rowNum]|= { Rect(Range(rowNum),currRun) }
            currRun= Range(fe[1],fe[1])
            rowNum= fe[0]
        elif fe[1] == currRun.end + 1 :
            currRun= Range(currRun.start,fe[1])
        else:
            freeRunsPerRow[rowNum]|= { Rect(Range(rowNum),currRun) }
            currRun= Range(fe[1],fe[1])
    if currRun is not None:
        freeRunsPerRow[rowNum]|= { Rect(Range(rowNum),currRun) }
        currRun= None
    for freeRuns in freeRunsPerRow.items() :
        print( freeRuns )

    #  Yield open rectangles
    currRects= set()
    for currRow in range(0,pastRowNum) :
        continuingRects= set()
        startingRects= set( freeRunsPerRow[currRow] )
        for b in currRects :
            brokenB= True
            for a in freeRunsPerRow[currRow] :
                modifiedContinuingRect, t_brokenB, t_absorbedA= intersect(a,b)
                if not modifiedContinuingRect.isEmpty() and not [ x for x in continuingRects if x.contains(modifiedContinuingRect) ] :
                    continuingRects-= { x for x in continuingRects if modifiedContinuingRect.contains(x) }
                    continuingRects|= {modifiedContinuingRect}
                if not t_brokenB : brokenB= False
                if t_absorbedA : startingRects-= {a}
            if brokenB and not b.isUnit() : yield b
        currRects= continuingRects
        currRects|= startingRects
    for b in currRects :
        if not b.isUnit() : yield b

Test/Example
Using the following test code:
input= []
input.append("   X    ")
input.append("        ")
input.append(" X      ")
input.append("     X X")
input.append("        ")
input.append("        ")
input.append("    X   ")
input.append("   X  X ")
input.append(" X     X")

# Translates input into a list of coordinates of free elements
freeElements= []
for rowNum, row in enumerate(input):
    for colNum, element in enumerate(row):
        if element == " " :
            freeElements.append( (rowNum,colNum) )
for fe in freeElements :
    print( fe )

# Find and print open rectangles
for openRect in findOpenRectangles(freeElements,len(input)) :
    print( openRect )

Output is the following (some formatting to save space and titles added):
freeElements
(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2),         (0, 4), (0, 5), (0, 6), (0, 7)
(1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7)
(2, 0),         (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7)
(3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4),         (3, 6)
(4, 0), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7)
(5, 0), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7)
(6, 0), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3),         (6, 5), (6, 6), (6, 7)
(7, 0), (7, 1), (7, 2),         (7, 4), (7, 5),         (7, 7)
(8, 0),         (8, 2), (8, 3), (8, 4), (8, 5), (8, 6)
freeRunsPerRow
(0, {Rect(Range(0,0),Range(0,2)), Rect(Range(0,0),Range(4,7))})
(1, {Rect(Range(1,1),Range(0,7))})
(2, {Rect(Range(2,2),Range(2,7)), Rect(Range(2,2),Range(0,0))})
(3, {Rect(Range(3,3),Range(6,6)), Rect(Range(3,3),Range(0,4))})
(4, {Rect(Range(4,4),Range(0,7))})
(5, {Rect(Range(5,5),Range(0,7))})
(6, {Rect(Range(6,6),Range(5,7)), Rect(Range(6,6),Range(0,3))})
(7, {Rect(Range(7,7),Range(7,7)), Rect(Range(7,7),Range(4,5)), Rect(Range(7,7),Range(0,2))})
(8, {Rect(Range(8,8),Range(0,0)), Rect(Range(8,8),Range(2,6))})
findOpenRectangles(freeElements,len(input))
Rect(Range(0,1),Range(0,2))
Rect(Range(1,1),Range(0,7))
Rect(Range(0,2),Range(4,7))
Rect(Range(1,2),Range(2,7))
Rect(Range(3,5),Range(0,4))
Rect(Range(0,5),Range(4,4))
Rect(Range(4,5),Range(0,7))
Rect(Range(1,5),Range(2,4))
Rect(Range(1,6),Range(2,3))
Rect(Range(4,6),Range(5,7))
Rect(Range(0,6),Range(6,6))
Rect(Range(3,6),Range(0,3))
Rect(Range(3,7),Range(0,2))
Rect(Range(4,7),Range(7,7))
Rect(Range(8,8),Range(2,6))
Rect(Range(7,8),Range(4,5))
Rect(Range(0,8),Range(2,2))
Rect(Range(4,8),Range(5,5))
Rect(Range(0,8),Range(0,0))
Test/Example Conclusion
Output is correct.  All non-trivial rectangles are present.


text:
Kradolf-Schönenberg es una comuna suiza del cantón de Turgovia, ubicada en el distrito de Weinfelden. Limita al norte con las comunas de Bürglen y Sulgen, al este con Hohentannen, al sureste con Bischofszell, al suroeste con Niederhelfenschwil (SG) y Wuppenau, y al oeste con Schönholzerswilen.

Hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2010 situada en el distrito de Bischofszell.

Transportes
Ferrocarril

Existe una estación ferroviaria en la localidad de Kradolf, donde efectúan parada trenes de cercanías de una línea de la red S-Bahn San Galo.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio oficial de la comuna de Kradolf-Schönenberg

Comunas de Turgovia


EXCLUSIVE: Clare Short, chair of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and former UK Secretary of State for International Development, tells International Tax Review about her efforts to introduce country-by-country reporting and how the EITI's model of transparency could be expanded to other sectors.
International Tax Review: Can you tell us about the latest developments in your work at the EITI?
Clare Short: The EITI remains committed to bring about transparency around the revenues that governments are receiving from natural resources. People have the right to know how much their government is receiving from their country''s resources.
In the past six years, more than 30 countries have started disclosing revenues through the EITI. This information has shone a light on the question of how these revenues are being managed, but the EITI was founded on the belief that transparency would lead to enhanced accountability. We have more to do to enhance accountability.
ITR: Why are the extractive industries, over any other, being focussed on for introducing the reporting of payments to governments?
CS: Natural resources are different from other goods. They cannot be replaced, the extraction of them has environmental costs and in most countries they belong to the government, or rather, their citizens.
Many governments are receiving big payments from special taxes on oil, gas and mining operations. Yet, in many countries these resources are a curse rather than a blessing and tend to be linked to corruption, inequality and proneness to conflict.
Secondly, the extractives sector is huge. It accounts for around 7% of the world''s GDP. And even more importantly, many countries - both in the north and in the south - are heavily dependent on revenues from this sector. If only this resource could be better managed, millions could be lifted out of poverty.
ITR: Could the model of EITI reporting you're promoting for the extractive industries be expanded to cover companies in all sectors?
CS: The EITI methodology is flexible, so countries can chose to apply it to additional sectors, as needed.
In Togo they are applying it to the water sector and in Liberia to forestry and agriculture. I think we will start to see more examples like that of Togo and Liberia, but EITI itself will remain focused on the need for transparency in oil, gas and mining.
ITR: How much consultation and dialogue do you have with taxpayers?
CS: The EITI is a coalition between governments, extractives companies and civil society organisations. It is built on the belief that the best solutions are reached when all stakeholders sit around the same table.
Today more than 60 of the largest oil, gas and mining companies support the EITI on the international level, and are part of the governance of the EITI globally as are representatives of civil society across the world. The accountability to taxpayers comes at country level. Each EITI country has a local coalition supervising the reporting process and has a duty to disseminate the results.
ITR: Are businesses worried about too much reporting?
CS: I have heard no such complaint. Companies collect the figures for their own purposes, it is not much of a task to ask their auditor to certify the figures that are forwarded for the EITI report.
In general, large extractive companies with a long-term investment strategy will say to us that they are eager to disclose what they pay in taxes. Doing so, people can see how much their company is contributing to society. This builds trust and better relations with citizens and communities, which in turn improves business in the long-term.


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