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Natural gas naturally leaking from ground in Taiwan, in the absence of all corporate and government supervision. Source.
Shouldn't a peer-reviewed paper which purports to tie chemicals produced in the manufacture of natural gas (fracking etc.) to birth defects actually measure exposure (of fetus carriers, i.e. "mothers") to those chemicals?
If you answered yes, you'll never make it as an academic or government bureaucrat. Those folks know that successful careers are those which produce the most work for government.
As proof of this, take the peer-reviewed paper "Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential Proximity to Natural Gas Development in Rural Colorado" in Environmental Health Perspectives by Lisa M. McKenzie and a slew of others, each of whom relies for their living on government.
Back to McKenzie. Here's how Think Progress summarized her findings: Preliminary Studies Show Potential Health Risk For Babies Born Near Fracking Sites.
Preliminary, potential, risk. Who said science is political?
McKenzie was interested in the causes of congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, oral clefts, preterm birth, and term low birth weight. Besides naturally occurring genetic defects and defects caused by maternal folate deficiency, smoking drunkness and drug use, and other such things, it is suspected that exposure to benzene, toluene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and petroleum based solvents might also cause congenital birth defects.
Here's the winning phrase from the paper: "Many of these air pollutants are emitted during development and production of natural gas (referred to herein as NGD) and concerns have been raised that they may increase risk of adverse birth outcomes and other health effects" (and she cites herself as a source for this assertion).
Many of these pollutants are emitted? Okay, I'll bite. Which? Which exact pollutants were the women in her study exposed to, and at what concentrations?
Answer: McKenzie doesn't know. Nobody does. The epidemiologist fallacy has struck again.
The best she could do was to measure how far from a well location each mother lived at the time of birth. Where were those mothers before birth? Same addresses? Did they spend most of their pregnancy near the wells or away on vacation? What genetic characteristics did the people who lived near gas wells have that people who lived near the country club do not? How many women were drunks or druggies?
Answer: McKenzie doesn't know. Nobody does.
McKenzie arbitrarily (to us readers, anyway) picked a 10-miles radius to label mothers "exposed"—to what, always remember, we don't know. But doesn't saying "exposed" sound scary? And being "exposed" to a mere gas well can't hurt you unless you stub your toe on one.
And then came the wee p-values.
But not before manipulating the data in order to get it to work. Inexplicably, McKenzie divided living-near-gas-wells (what she called "exposure") into terciles.
Unfortunately for headline hunters—I'm still amazed Think Progress missed this—wee p-values were found for decreased risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. Why did we not see in large print "Exposure To Fracking Reduces Low-Birth-Weight Babies"?
Or maybe the mothers who live away from the country club are younger and eat more heartily? Nah.
Another oopsie: oral clefts also appear to decline in frequency for some "exposed" women. So says a wee p-value. And no go for neural tube defects or congenital heart defects for the majority of "exposed" women. No go in the sense of no wee p-values for the "exposed".
Only those in the highest arbitrary tercile evinced wee p-values (and small effects) for congenital and tube defects. Yet we have to ask which method McKenzie used to correct for the multiple statistical testing she did, i.e. all the hunting for signals. Well, you know the answer.
You're forgetting that McKenzie never measured exposure to anything, but only distance from listed home residence to gas wells, and that some of her analysis showed benefits from this "exposure." And since this isn't real exposure, we have to adjust the analysis to account for the uncertainty of substituting addresses for exposure to unknown chemicals. Once that is done, the wee p-values would almost certainly swell past publishable size.
There is nothing but surmise, conjecture, wishful thinking in papers like this. Believing that fracking is bad for babies based on this paper is like convicting an accused murderer simply because he lived near the victim.
Maybe you've talked about it elsewhere, but the practice of discretizing continuous variables seems really suspect to me.
The underlying assumption appears to be that exposure to bad chemicals is a function of the distance to a source of chemicals. We can reasonably form one of two hypotheses. Either chemicals in the air drop off as a function of radius, or they are well mixed. Or, if chemicals get into the water supply, distance from the source of the chemicals shouldn't matter if everyone gets the water source piped to them. That leaves us with either a continuous relationship to exposure, or with a binary relationship of exposed and not exposed (with some variation in the 'exposed' group).
The authors have taken something that is either continuous or binary and split it into three groups. How this practice is deemed acceptable (even while ignoring the epidemiologist fallacy) is beyond me.
A MSM headline writer would have titled this post "Exposure to Fracking Inflates Babies' Birth Weight" to make it appropriately scarier.
Scary Headlines don't want to be too specific. Maybe "Exposure to Fracking Dangerously Changes Babies' Birth Weight". Now it's scary no matter which direction the weight goes.
Measuring the actual exposure is irrelevant and might cause confusion. Just remember the EPA determined that exposure to second hand smoke causes over 3000 cases of lung cancer a year, but they didn't measure any exposure. People were asked about their exposure, i.e. they were given a questionnaire. You can determine causality by taking a poll. Here is what actual measurement of exposure found.
1- Are you seriously trying to argue that fracking is good for mothers\babies health.
2- The companies are protected by law to not disclosed the chemical they use in fracking.
3- the companies cannot be liable under the clean water act.
4- Why is it that people that support fracking rarely support it when it is done near their own house.
I am not arguing. The authors are. It's what their wee p-values showed them. Are you questing peer-reviewed science, you denier?
Apparantly not so secret. About half the companies do disclose. North Carolina was attempting to outlaw disclosure though I don't know why.
I support fracking and live very near it. As far as I'm concerned, they can frack in my back yard if there's enough room. So it seems that some people do support fracking and live near it. I'm betting a lot of my neighbors would feel the same way.
Oh, and Sylvain, Wyoming passed mandatory disclosure of fracking chemicals in 2010, as did Texas and Michigan. This is not new.
Off-topic, but there's a new paper that cries out for your gentle ministrations: according to the headlines (which, of course, occasionally can be misleading), they have been able to prove that the warming over the last 25 years (hmmm…what warming, one might ask), is human-caused to a certainty of "99.999%".
"A probabilistic analysis of human influence on recent record global mean temperature changes" in Climate Risk Management. See: the Hockey Schtick for his summary.
I've often wondered why when they extract a chemical that can kill you if ingested down a few thousand feet and replace it with fracking liquid, why that's a big deal. If the oil wasn't harming you down there, why will the fracking liquid?
I would argue that fracking is good for mother's and children. Anything that keeps energy prices low allows for more of mom and dad's money to be spent on healthier food and better healthcare. These things that have a much more direct affect on parents and baby.
Paul W: Very good point. The oil/gas is more toxic than the fracking chemicals.
It a wonder that anyone would live in Pierre South Dakota, there is an artisan well that spew out natural gas about one hundred feet from the Capital building, the gas use to burn as the water came out. The water is also warm, for years they used the gas to heat the Capital, from the small of the water I also would assume there are sulfides in it. The water flows into the Capital pond. As evil as gas and it unknown chemical that might be in the water could be a hazard. Yet the biggest hazard in by the fountain and pond are the goose droppings on the grass and walkways since the geese love the pond since that warm water keeps it mostly open year around. If I was a young man without much ambition maybe I could get a grant to study the danger of having such a know hazard and doing nothing about it. After I determine such a well need to be capped, I sure I could find a relative's firm that could bid and get the contract.
Briggs: Yes, I guess I'm a denier.
Texas and Nebraska gave imminent domain to corporation to seize land for their pipeline.
Trade secrets can be any chemical they want to include. Mixing any two chemicals together can be considered trade secret.
Over 190 chemicals are considered trade secret.
Tell me in a couple of year when the well near you burst out and contaminate your drinking water.
In Gasland 2 they interviewed over time a mayor who welcomed the fracking industry until he had to leave everything behind because is house was unsafe.
The US only cares about corporations. Why should the one percent care about what happens in poor peoples back yards.
Fracking should be done far from people or at least people that are affected by it should be compensated.
Sylvain: As usual, you are not interested in truth. Since you have absolutely NO familiarity with the situation, reject actual government legistlation and accept garbage from NPR and EarthJustice) do live where fracking is done, have not worked in the field and most distressing, actually think "Gasland" and "Gasland 2" had any iota of truth, there is nothing more to say. You can't fix a determined person who believes in fairy tales. Have a nice fantasy life.
I'm sure that if Gasland is lie that you should be able to provide example of their lie?
Other than that you only use the genetic fallacy argument.
No point in providing examples or anything else to someone lives in a fantasy world and reject reality. You won't listen, so I won't speak.
Since you believe in spite of the evidence, you are a Believer, and believe (I'm guessing) because you desire. Thus is environmentalism a (failed, flawed, fictitious) religion.
Sylvain: You said people living next to fracking should be compensated. We are: we have above average wages, very low unemployment (help wanted signs everywhere), robust economy and no personal or corporate income taxes. All allowing people to achieve high standards of living and avoid becoming victims of the enslaving welfare system.


Women are the most complex entities in this world and knowing them is the biggest challenge for men. You need to understand a woman by her motives and stints but it is not always that easy as they are the most hideous characters when it comes to trouncing their true emotions and sentiments.
Every man has their dreams of getting the right woman in their respective lives with whom they can spend their quality time together. In order to make the right choice for yourself, you need to follow some basic tips which we would discuss in this article.
Each and every relationship banks mostly on the understanding we share with each other. In order to make someone your soul mate you need to know your partner well beforehand. You must know the likes or dislikes of your girl, try to fix her problems with your understanding, understand her feelings and emotions, greet her with a token of appreciation. This collectively make her feel righteous for you and she starts opening herself in front of you to let you know more about her life and likes.
Your girl may have had previous relationships and foregone boyfriends who might still have communications with each other. But that doesn't make any sense that you start yelling at your girl for that.
You need to give space to your relationship and not always suspect her motives in every walk of her life. If you don't like something, talk to her directly and let her handle the situation from there on. It might be any of your mistakes that could cause your relationship.
Time is wealth for any relationship. The more you spend time with each other the more you get to know each other. Make tiny trips together, spend an hour or two in coffee shops during office breaks, take her to dinner, have a long drive together and drop her home from her work. This would give quality time together for both of you, allowing both of you to know the likes and dislikes of each other. It would make a strong bond going in your relationship and would help you find your right woman.
You need to know and decide what kind of a girl you need! This would sound a bit awkward but it is the most important and deliberate point to make. The physical appearance and the way she carries herself do have an upper hand when it comes to making a selection for your right woman. But you need to decide whether you are looking for a good looking girl or a girl with good qualities and a good heart.
Surprises are the best friends of women and they love to give and take surprises from their partners. If you have chosen your right women you must expect the unexpected from her in terms of any material or emotional gifts. Women are way too superior to men when it comes to please them and thus this could act as a parameter for selecting your partner.


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Shaun Micallef Online!
Latest news and information on Australia's greatest writer/performer/comedian.
Shaun's Work
The Ex-PM
Mad As Hell
Mr and Mrs Murder
The Micallef P(r)ogram(me)
Micallef Tonight
Newstopia
Talkin' 'Bout Your Generation
Vega 91.5 Breakfast
Welcher & Welcher
About Shaun
"This is one of the most interesting and dynamic websites on the Internet, second only to ninjaflex.com." - Shaun Micallef
Category: TV Shows
Shaun appearing on "Offspring"
November 14, 2010 November 14, 2010 Stuart	3 Comments
Shaun is appearing in the final episode Offspring, airing next week on Channel Ten. It's only a bit part, but he jumped at the chance to appear opposite his Newstopia co-star Kat Stewart.
The episode was to air on November 28th, but Channel Ten have decided to move the episode forward one week, creating a double-episode next Sunday at 8:30pm. (So you can expect to see him in the second-half!)
Shaun on 'The Circle'
October 29, 2010 February 20, 2011 Stuart	5 Comments
Last Tuesday, Shaun appeared on The Circle (a less annoying version of the US show The View) to promote Your Gen, his book and Good Evening going to Brisbane and Perth. You can watch it below; especially worth seeing him pulling faces at the very end.
Rewind: Newstopia begins on SBS
October 10, 2010 October 10, 2010 Stuart	3 Comments
It was October 2007, and the industry was abuzz of a new show on SBS. Some were already comparing it to The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. But this was something unique – Australian, absurb and very Micallef.
Yes, it is 3 years since the first season of Newstopia began. "Shaun Micallef rewrites the headlines" was how The Age Green Guide described it. It was meant to debut during 2008, but was bought forward to coincide with the 2007 Federal Election. It would have no live-studio audience and could almost be mistaken for a real news show. And it would be a great platform to judge the news of the world because "we (Australia) have no control over it."
Described as the "luckiest unsuccessful" comedian in Australia by The Age Green Guide, Micallef was quoted as saying "I'm a white-faced comedian rather than a red-nosed comedian. I don't have baggy pants and a 'love me' attitude. If you want to find the joke, it's here somewhere. You just have to look for it." This goes some of the way why some people might ask: what's so funny about this guy. To which an equal number respond: everything.
Memories of Micallef Tonight still loomed, even 4 years later. And Shaun himself acknowledged some of reasons why it didn't work: his lack of experience, the overly-fast-past alienated some viewers – but he was still immensely proud of it.
During an interview, Shaun admitted "I do get depressed sometimes. But it's not a huge thing. It's really a very small dog. It's a chihuahua."
Shaun himself wasn't sure Newstopia would be his 'breakthrough' success (leaving "target demographics" to the bean counters); he would just try to be funny.
For more information, see the Newstopia page
The Librarians starts next Wednesday
October 7, 2010 October 15, 2010 Stuart	Leave a comment
The third season of The Librarians starts this Wednesday 13th on ABC1 at 8:30pm.
OK, so Shaun isn't involved, but many friends and colleagues of Shaun are: Robyn Butler, Wayne Hope, Roz Hammond and Tony Martin. And if the previous seasons are any indication, it should be very funny.
A sketch from MousePATROL
September 9, 2010 September 9, 2010 Stuart	Leave a comment
The thought of Shaun Micallef and Tony Martin working on a TV project together sounds like it would be the most amazing thing EVER! Well, it almost happened in 2004.
A show with the working title MousePATROL was the vehicle, but unfortunately the ABC shelved it, and not much of the material was ever released. But this week, Tony's post on Scrivener's Fancy revisits one of the rejected scripts on the topic of 'Footytainment'.
Enjoy, and we'll keep wishing these two comic geniuses will get the chance to work together again.
Shaun gets LAID?!
July 21, 2010 August 3, 2010 Stuart	Leave a comment
He certainly is very busy at the moment – Shaun has been listed as a guest star in a new ABC TV show, LAID. Written by Marieke Hardy, the black comedy is about a woman who discovers the men she has had relationships with are dying mysteriously, one by one.
Shooting has just started, and no air-date has been set, so we'll have to see if Shaun is one of those men!
Where to see Shaun
Mad as Hell and Talkin' 'Bout Your Generation return mid-2019.
Tweets by @SMicallefOnline
Colleague's work
Micallef P(r)ogram(me)
Talkin' 'Bout Your Generation (Tayg)
Champagne Comedy forum
Mad As Hell Official Site (2014)
Mad As Hell Original Official Site (Archived)
Shaun Micallef Forum
The Micallef Tumbl(e)r
George Wills on Double the Shaun for one night only
KIM LOWE on Finally… time to be Mad As Hell again!
John on Mad again in 2019
Rejane on Talkin' 'Bout another round
Paola Vertechi on Mad again in 2019
Got some news or info to share? Then send us an email, post haste!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Rose Cottage is a timber frame and local brick building, believed to date back to sometime prior to 1666 with a number of later additions. An outstanding feature is the award winning garden that has featured in a national publication and was selected by the National Gardens Scheme to appear in it's prestigious Yellow Book.
Kintbury is a thriving village in the Kennet Valley with a good range of local facilities including a school, village store, butcher's shop, a church and several pubs. The village also has a train station providing direct links with Newbury, Reading and London Paddington within about an hours commute.
The historic market town of Hungerford, famed for its antique shops, is just under 4 miles away and provides a wider range of shops and services.
The larger centre of Newbury is just 7 miles away with all the major supermarkets plus John Lewis, Camp Hopson & Waitrose. The M4 can be accessed at either Junction 13 or 14, both of which are only a few miles away and along with the A34 provide trunk road access to the north, south, east and west. There is a good range of schooling available in the area, both state and private, and the surrounding countryside is renowned for its walks and rides.
Disclaimer - Property reference WGN150425. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Richard James, Wroughton. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.


text:
ECC And Berlitz Members Win Big In 2018! Let's Do It Again In 2019!
While the first two demands were finalised as a strike loomed, the last demand took an unfair labour practices case filed against the company at the Osaka Labour Commission.
But instead of a strike breaking out like it has in many other years, ECC made an offer over pay and special paid leave.
On the pay front, members won a 15 yen per hour increase.
This was a first for the ECC branch to win without having to take strike action.
Members were prepared to strike; members took a positive strike vote; and finally, the company realised that an offer was necessary.
Not a tremendous increase in pay – but one without one lost day of pay on strike and the company finally gave in on exact parity with sei-shain employees over the special paid leave.
Our unfair labour practices case against ECC was also withdrawn in November as the company finally gave in and returned the orientation and rent subsidy that they had taken away in retaliation for our 2016 strikes that won a 30 yen an hour increase.
At Berlitz, a positive strike vote over employment and income security demands also won a sizable victory for members at this company.
In a major development, Berlitz Japan and the General Union reached an agreement to improve employee working conditions for work performed by Per Lesson (zero-hour contracts where teachers guarantee availability with no guarantee of work or pay during this time) contract teachers.
While contents of the agreement cannot be disclosed to third parties, we can say that we achieved an important agreement over income and employment security for union members.
Unlike ECC which has faced three strikes since 2015, Berlitz worked with the union in good faith to reach this settlement.
Honest negotiations from both employers where members walk away from the bargaining table with positive outcomes like in 2018 will lead to a strike-free 2019.
Many wonder how both these branches have been so successful over the past few years.
Well, it's not magic: both branches have a substantial union presence via union members.
There are around 100 union members at ECC, and over 50 union members in the Berlitz branch – a sizable portion of the teachers.
Members have focused not only on demands that improve members lives, but also on those that increase union rights and lead to an expansion of future membership.
The union holds collective agreements with both companies which allow dues to be deducted and paid directly from salaries, strong grievance procedures to protect individual membesr, union introduction and company held orientation sessions at ECC, and the right to post union materials at Berlitz.
These rights lead to a wide acceptance from teachers of the union which attracts teachers to join and stay union members.
Branch officers work hard to get and keep members involved, and members have made hard decisions about strikes and have stuck together through thick and thin.
…and voila, two strong General Union branches.


Our Syllabuses available to those who are interested, just contact us. Syllabuses available for now, please go to this page: click here.
1.) Can I get credentialed with your organization?
Answer: Yes, we offer license and ordination to qualified candidates. It starts with an application and followed with a personal interview by one of our pastors.
2.	Are there any fees or costs to be a part of your organization?
Answer: No, there are no monthly or annual fees to be a part, there is a requirement to complete online classes for continuing education monthly with an average cost of $25 per month for those desiring or holding credentials. Affiliate churches and ministries are required to have their staff complete the same requirements.
3.	How soon can I get my license or certificate of ordination?
Answer: That will depend on each candidate and your calling. It is determined by your information on your application and the personal interview. Our Pastors will then make a decision and keep you informed.
4.	What other requirements are there to holding credentials with FICC's Company of Believers?
Answer: Other requirements include but are not limited to, attendance of a monthly online meeting, monthly ministry reports submitted electronically and reviewed by the pastoral staff, full accountability of a lifestyle exhibiting a life of faith and moral excellence.
5.	What happens if I do not complete the requirements?
Answer: This is a call to excellence and commitment, a call to assist one another together as we walk this walk, thus if you do not complete the requirements' in a timely manner, your credentials will be suspended and there will be a monetary cost to get back into fellowship again should you so desire. However, Every effort will be made to restore and encourage to continue.
6.	What happens if I cannot afford the tuition for the classes required?
Answer: We will not let anyone miss out for financial reasons. One of the purposes in this leadership Company is to teach you to prosper and succeed as the Bible declares. Thus if you explain to us your current situation and we deem you are unable to pay, we will grant you scholarship until such time as you are able to pay on your own.
7.	Are there any costs to the monthly online meetings?
Answer: No, there are no costs to you for these meetings. An offering will be encouraged but not required.
8.	What happens if I am in a different time zone and cannot make the online monthly meeting?
Answer: All meetings will be archived and must be attended within a 48 hour period following.
9.	Does your organization ever support affiliated churches and ministries financially?
Answer: If you are looking for financial support from your membership herein, you are in the wrong place. We cannot financially support every ministry and church associated with us, but we will most certainly give our churches and ministries top priority when praying over our annual mission's budget.
10.	What are your core beliefs?
Answer: We believe: The Bible is Divinely Inspired from Genesis to revelation, it is the infallible and eternal Word of God The Trinity, Father, Son Jesus and Holy Spirit, three persons yet One. Salvation is by grace through faith in the shed blood of Jesus and not by our works The Holy Spirit Baptism is a second work of grace necessary to empower believers on earth evidenced by speaking in tongues or prophesying The Gifts of the Spirit are for every believer for the work of the ministry and should be sought after for the edification of the church so that we can evangelize the world. Faith is the victory over the current world system and skillful use of the Word of God is not optional but mandatory through disciple, training and exercise of Biblical principles daily. In the rapture of the church before the great seven year tribulation and the second coming of Jesus with all His Saints in bodily form to earth. In eternal judgment, the saved to everlasting life in heaven and the damned to eternal hell. For a more detailed explanation of these, contact us here.
11.	How do I get started with you?
Answer: Click here to apply and afterward a pastor will be in touch with you to discuss your calling and goals in detail. Thank you for your interest, we welcome your fellowship.
We are a local Christian Newspaper that has been in the works for sometime. Finally, it is here.
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text:
Did Balrogs have their own language?
As seen in the movie, Durin's Bane made rather unpleasant and irritated growls and roars when awoken.
During the early stages of the world when the Balrogs weren't in hiding, did they have their own dialects to speak like all other beings in Arda (Valar, Elves, Men, Dwarves and Hobbits) and communicate with each other, or were they just there for fearful purposes and have no communication capabilities?
tolkiens-legendarium languages balrogs
FingolfinFingolfin
I find it entertaining that ATM the top 3 highest voted answers are: No, Maybe, and Yes. – Kapler Sep 22 '16 at 20:36
@Kapler all in bold too – Brad Sep 23 '16 at 16:35
if they had a language I hope it was called Tagalrog. – Tobias Hagge Sep 23 '16 at 17:01
Does saying only saying either all or part of their names in varying tones count? "Balrog bal! Balrog Balrog rog rog." – Ellesedil Sep 23 '16 at 17:15
@Ellesedil Of course! How else does Pikachu communicate with Ash? – Anoplexian - Reinstate Monica Sep 23 '16 at 17:20
They almost definitely could talk, probably Melkian.
Balrogs are corrupted Maiar. We know that other Maiar can speak (e.g. Gandalf, Sauron). If balrogs can't speak, it would mean they lost that ability in their transformation, which there would need to be evidence of.
Durin's Bane not speaking can definitely be taken as circumstantial evidence, but it needs to be weighed against the other things we know about Balrogs.
Gothmog is called "high-captain of Angband". Captains give orders. Yes, it's possible that Gothmog communicated telepathically, but since there was a spoken language used by Morgoth's servants (Melkian1), it's simpler to assume that Gothmog commuicated via speech.
When Gothmog captured Hurin, the text says he "bound him and dragged him to Angband with mockery." So he was mocking Hurin. The most straightforward interpretation is that it was verbal.
Given those things, I don't see any compelling reason to believe balrogs can't speak.
Why didn't Durin's Bane say anything? Maybe he only spoke Melkian, which he didn't think Gandalf would understand. Maybe that particular Balrog went so long without talking to anyone that he lost the ability to speak. Or maybe he just didn't care to talk.
Ben OsborneBen Osborne
Doesn't this statement We know that other Maiar can speak (e.g. Gandalf, Sauron). If balrogs can't speak, it would mean they lost that ability in their transformation, which there would need to be evidence of. sort of imply that orcs would be able to speak elvish, since Orcs were corrupted elves? – Casey Kuball Sep 22 '16 at 23:00
Yes, I think they would be able to. Since the orcs were always capable of speech, they would learn the language that was spoken by those that raised them, just as humans do. Morgoth and Sauron corrupted the languages of the Valar and elves, respectively, as soon as they could, but in the absence of Melkian / Black Speech, they would have spoken forms of Valarian and Quenyan until the corrupted languages emerged. – Ben Osborne Sep 23 '16 at 1:13
Do we know when the Lhammas scheme (in which the languages of Middle-Earth are descended from 'Oromean', 'Aulean' and 'Melkian') was abandoned or superseded? – Anton Sherwood Sep 23 '16 at 11:51
These articles might be of interest. History of Quenya Development of the Black Speech I haven't read Tolkien's writings on this subject myself. – Ben Osborne Sep 23 '16 at 13:20
The most straightforward interpretation is that it was verbal. I guess it depends on whether Durin's Bane was more like an Xbox Live player with or without a microphone. – Wayne Werner Sep 23 '16 at 16:37
There are no instances in any of Tolkien's writings of a Balrog speaking, so it's not clear whether they could, or what language they would have spoken. They were, however, definitely able to communicate verbally in some fashion; at the very least, they were capable of making sounds, as Durin's Bane does in the text:
Gandalf lifted his staff, and crying aloud he smote the bridge before him. The staff broke asunder and fell from his hand. A blinding sheet of white flame sprang up. The bridge cracked. Right at the Balrog's feet it broke, and the stone upon which it stood crashed into the gulf, while the rest remained, poised, quivering like a tongue of rock thrust out into emptiness.
With a terrible cry the Balrog fell forward, and its shadow plunged down and vanished.
Fellowship of the Ring Book II Chapter 5: "The Bridge of Khazad-dûm"
It seems somewhat unlikely to me that Maiar spirits, even ones locked in an incarnate form, would be completely unable to speak, especially given their position within Morgoth's forces; even Huan was capable of it, though only on special occasions.
That being said, it's possible that they didn't need the ability to speak; there's evidence that the Ainur were able to communicate telepathically with other creatures. Of course, whether the Balrogs would have retained this ability when locked in their incarnate forms is a question we cannot answer.
Jason BakerJason Baker
For the record; I'm familiar with Tolkien's comment in letter 210, quoted by Rand al'Thor, but I disagree with his conclusion; there's a wide gulf between "One Balrog never spoke in the scene on the Bridge of Khazad-dûm" and "Balrogs as a collective were incapable of speaking" – Jason Baker Sep 22 '16 at 17:43
Doesn't the "with a terrible cry" part contradict Tolkien's statement in letter 210 about a Balrog never makes a vocal sound? – syntonicC Sep 22 '16 at 22:30
@syntonicC Yes, it appears to; another reason why I struggle with that letter – Jason Baker Sep 23 '16 at 0:42
@JasonBaker, with the context of 'laughing and sneering' thrown in, it seems clear that Tolkien is talking about during their confrontation. I.E up till the point where he falls and lets out this terrible cry the Balrog never makes a noise. Which I would still feel agrees with your interpretation - this one didn't feel like talking but that by no means, means others can't talk. – Ryan Sep 23 '16 at 19:04
Was the balrog actually crying, or tears of flame and shadow? – Ber Sep 25 '16 at 9:18
No: they don't talk at all.
From Tolkien's Letters, Letter #210:
The Balrog never speaks or makes any vocal sound at all. Above all he does not laugh or sneer. ... Z[immerman] may think that he knows more about Balrogs than I do, but he cannot expect me to agree with him.
Rand al'Thor♦Rand al'Thor
Because there's a difference between "The Balrog never speaks in this particular scene which I am discussing" and "Balrogs were incapable of speech" – Jason Baker Sep 22 '16 at 17:41
Perhaps they used sign language? ;-) – T.E.D. Sep 22 '16 at 18:55
Tolkien literally only states he knows more about Balrogs than Zimmerman does. That statement is certainly general over all Balrogs, but doesn't imply his previous statements should be taken to cover all Balrogs in all situations. It seems more likely he was railing against the idea that this particular Balrog should challenge Gandalf by acting like a Saturday morning cartoon villain. – Jeroen Mostert Sep 22 '16 at 21:19
I think the first part of the quote would be much easier to understand given more of the surrounding context. Or just link to the whole thing. – Mat Cauthon Sep 22 '16 at 23:23
This answer makes no sense. Tolkien is angry at how a movie is depicting the Balrog on the bridge. He says that this Balrog doesn't make a sound while fighting Gandalf, while the movie is depicting it laughing and sneering. It is not a general statement on Balrogs. Indeed, the Balrog screams just before the bridge breaks. – isanae Sep 23 '16 at 4:42
Unclear, but probably
They're never described as talking in any of Tolkien's writings that I could find. However, they can certainly make noises. Some actions can be interpreted as being spoken and some events would be unlikely to have happened without speech, but most of it is circumstantial.
That being said, these are stories born out of a love of language and speech. You'd think Tolkien, a philologist, would have mentioned that a whole group of sentient beings were unable to speak or (worse!) had not developed a form of language.
So there's nothing really concrete, but here's what I found anyway.
Gothmog started as Kosomot, Son of Melko. He was "the 'marshal' of the hosts of Melko". A marshal is usually one of the highest ranks in a military, but it's not a very precise term as its definition has varied across time periods and locations. It would however be difficult to command an army without talking.
In an early name-list, the element -mog is said to mean "voice", as in "Voice of Goth (Morgoth)". This would later change to "strife and hatred", but there's also this footnote:
Nothing is said in any text to suggest that Gothmog played such a role in relation to Morgoth as the interpretation 'Voice of Goth' implies, but nor is anything said to contradict it, and he was from the beginning an important figure in the evil realm and in especial relation to Melko. There is perhaps a reminiscence of 'the Voice of Morgoth' in the Mouth of Sauron', the Black Numenorean who was the Lieutenant of Barad-dur.2 p.67
There are also several passages in the early drafts of The Fall of Gondolin that mention Gothmog bidding or ordering people:
But now Gothmog [...] gathered all his things of iron that could coil themselves around and above all obstacles before them. These he bade pile themselves before the northern gate[...]2 p.176
Then Gothmog Lord of Balrogs gathered all his demons that were about the city and ordered them thus[...]2 p.179
Finally, Gothmog is said to have "mocked" Húrin (mentionned by Ben Osborne above):
Gothmog bound him and dragged him to Angband with mockery.S p.231
Balrogs are said to laugh at Húrin in early drafts of The Lay of the Children of Húrin:
and the Balrogs about him brazen-handed
with flails of flame and forgéd iron
there laughed as they looked on his lonely woe3 p.99
An early draft of The Lord of the Ring has the Balrog hiss just before falling from the bridge:
With a gasping hiss the Balrog sprang up; it seemed to be [?half blind], but it came on and grasped at the wizard.7 p.198
The final text has the Balrog scream:
With a terrible cry the Balrog fell forward[...]I p.434
The Balrog who kills Glorfindel in Gondolin also shrieks:
Then Glorfindel's left hand sought a dirk, and this he thrust up that it pierced the Balrog's belly nigh his own face (for that demon was double his stature); and it shrieked, and fell backwards from the rock[...]2 p.194
References starting with a number refer to a History of Middle-Earth volume, roman numerals to a Lord of the Ring volume and 'S' to The Silmarillion. Page numbers from the Harper Collins editions.
isanaeisanae
I think you will find this article helpful: http://tolkien.slimy.com/essays/TAB1.html
As usual, we need to turn to the various drafts / sketches / unfinished versions of the legendarium to try to gain insight into what Tolkien was doing.
Various passages in The History of Middle-Earth series show that, indeed, Balrogs could communicate verbally. They were the lieutenants and officers of the orcish armies in the First Age.
A couple of such examples:
"But now Gothmog lord of Balrogs, captain of the hosts of Melko, took counsel and gathered all his things of iron that could coil themselves around and above all obstacles before them. These he bade pile themselves before the northern gate..."
"Then Gothmog Lord of Balrogs gathered all his demons that were about the city and ordered them thus..."
BoLT2, The Fall of Gondolin
MaksimMaksim
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CIPD urges employers: link employee wellbeing to business strategy
By Noel O'Reilly on 27 Jan 2016 in Sickness absence, Wellbeing
Raising the profile of employee wellbeing: Professor Cary Cooper calls on firms to create cultures that enhance wellbeing
UK employers must address a "wellbeing vacuum" and make employee wellbeing a bottom-line issue, says a report published today by the CIPD.
The report, "Growing the health and well-being agenda: From first steps to full potential", calls for a culture change, finding that fewer than one in ten (8%) UK organisations currently have a standalone wellbeing strategy that supports the business strategy.
Employee wellbeing is taken into account in business decisions only to a little extent, or not at all, in the majority (57%) of organisations. Less than two-fifths of organisations monitor the cost of employee absence, which the CIPD calculates is costing £554 per employee per year.
Employee wellbeing resources
Good practice: employee wellbeing
Good practice: stress management
Managing long-term sickness absence survey 2015
The report calls on the Government to establish human capital management (HCM) reporting standards for FTSE 350 organisations to measure, report and benchmark the health and wellbeing of employees. The Government should take a lead by introducing annual reporting in the public sector.
Today's report follows the election of wellbeing guru Sir Cary Cooper as CIPD president in December 2015.
"In the fast-changing world of work, wellbeing has never been more important. With the UK at the bottom of the G7 and near the bottom of the G20 countries on productivity per capita, the way we manage people and create cultures that enhance wellbeing are now bottom-line issues," said Cooper.
The report calls on employers to shift from one-off wellbeing initiatives to a proactive employee wellbeing programme based on good people management, leadership and culture.
HR has a key role in integrating wellbeing into organisations' day-to-day operations, says the report. This includes: convincing senior management; piloting initiatives; and reporting on health, employee satisfaction and organisational measures to build evidence of the need for ongoing investment in health and wellbeing.
The CIPD also calls on the Government to consider wider financial/tax incentives for organisations to encourage investment in wellbeing.
Key findings of the employee wellbeing report
Fewer than one in ten (8%) of UK organisations currently have a standalone wellbeing strategy that supports the wider organisational strategy.
Almost two-fifths of employees (38%) are under excessive pressure at work at least once a week.
More than four in ten (43%) say that long hours working is the norm for their organisation (to a great or moderate extent).
Wellbeing is taken into account in business decisions only to a little extent, or not at all, in the majority (57%) of cases.
Less than two-fifths of organisations monitor the cost of employee absence.
Employers should:
Implement a holistic approach to health and wellbeing that is preventative and proactive. Promote good physical health, good mental health and "good work".
Train line managers to have the confidence and skills to implement policies and handle difficult conversations with staff in a sensitive and effective way.
Create a healthy culture with commitment and role-modelling from senior leaders and managers.
Government and wider public policy stakeholders should:
Introduce a joined-up policy approach, bringing together government departments, healthcare providers and business.
Consider wider financial/tax incentives for organisations to encourage greater employer investment in wellbeing.
Establish HCM reporting standards for FTSE 350 organisations on core HCM metrics to help organisations measure, report and benchmark the health and wellbeing of their employees. Embed this into the annual reporting of all public-sector organisations.
Invest more in anti-stigma campaigns on mental health, and improve the use of the "fit note" and Fit for Work service.


But what of the other Amazon—the wild wonder of the natural world? The world's largest tropical rainforest is faring worse than the corporation that shares its name. Last year, deforestation of the Amazon reached a ten-year high, as farmers, loggers, miners, ranchers, and settlers denuded an area more than half the size of Jamaica. The region's future looks even grimmer. Earlier this month, Brazil swore in its new, populist president, Jair Bolsonaro. He has pledged to roll back environmental protections and accelerate the economic exploitation of the Amazon, while appointing a foreign minister who dismisses climate change as a "cultural Marxist" plot. Last week in Davos, Bolsonaro reassured the assembled plutocrats that he cares about the environment. His policies say otherwise.
These twin developments—the extraordinary growth of a cutting-edge company and the clear-cutting of much of the planet's most biodiverse ecosystem—seem unconnected. But their juxtaposition offers an opportunity to consider what the global economy values, what it doesn't, and what this portends for our future. Comparing the two Amazons underscores a duality of contemporary life on our fragile and shrinking planet: At the same moment that technological innovations are bringing us closer together, our unsustainable patterns of production and consumption are threatening the planetary life support systems on which we depend.
When it claimed the title of world's most valuable company, Amazon had a market capitalization just under $800 billion, a hair ahead of Microsoft ($789 billion), with fellow tech giants Alphabet ($745 billion) and Apple ($702 billion) close behind. That valuation was larger than the gross domestic product of all but seventeen of the world's countries, placing it just above Saudi Arabia and just after the Netherlands. Jeff Bezos, the company's owner, is now the world's richest person by far, with an estimated net worth of $138 billion. The corporation employs more than 600,000 people, about double the number it employed two years ago. Nearly two thirds of U.S. households are registered with Amazon Prime.
The scale of the Amazon is even more impressive. Nearly the size of the continental United States, it encompasses 5.5 million square kilometers—more than all other tropical rainforests combined—and at least one estimate places the number of its individual trees at 390 billion. Although two-thirds of the Amazon is located within Brazil, it also spans large swathes of Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. It includes hundreds of thousands of species of plants and two and a half million species of insects, with many new ones being discovered every year. Precipitation over the rainforest is extraordinary, reaching up to 20 billion tons of water daily—more than the Amazon River (the company's namesake) discharges into the Atlantic Ocean each day.
Amazon's $800 billion market cap is remarkable. From a conventional price-earnings (P/E) ratio perspective, this valuation seems hard to justify. In mid-December, for example, Amazon's P/E ratio was 89.19, nearly six times higher than Apple's (13.89). Investors clearly anticipate that aggressive expansion today will translate into high profits tomorrow. While this faith may be misplaced, long-time shareholders have ample reason to be pleased. A $100 investment in the company when it went public in 1997 was worth nearly $64,000 twenty years later.
Calculating the value of the Amazon is trickier. It requires looking beyond the immediate gains from extractive industries like mining and timber to consider the ecosystem services that the rainforest provides–not only for the communities and nations situated within and adjacent to its confines but the world at large. Among the most important of these services is mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide emissions. In a recent study published in Nature, scientists estimated the total annual value of services provided Brazil's portion of the Amazonian rainforest—including reduction of greenhouse gases, regulation of the local climate, and sustainable extraction of non-timber forest products (e.g., nuts and rubber)—at $8.2 billion annually. Although private interests may have a financial interest in razing the forest, Brazilian society would often gain more economically, even in the short term, by leaving the forest intact. Notably, the study did not even begin to address the massive economic value of the region's biodiversity, including the medicinal potential of plant species—only a tiny fraction of which have been analyzed by bio-prospectors for pharmaceutical applications.
In contrast to Google, which initially adopted the motto "don't be evil," Amazon has never cloaked its ambitions in touchy-feely techno-utopianism. And it has not been shy about defending its interests in Washington, either, spending $3.63 million in federal lobbying in the third quarter of 2018. It is no accident that the company chose to locate one of its two new headquarters in Northern Virginia, across the Potomac from Congress and the White House and just downriver from the Pentagon, potentially one of its biggest customers. Nor is it incidental that Bezos owns the Washington Post, one of the most influential media outlets in the nation—even more so the nation's capital. Beyond placing the company in a position to compete for lucrative government contracts, from face recognition applications to the Pentagon's $10 billion JEDI cloud contract, Amazon's growing political heft positions it to resist antitrust efforts, whether from a resentful Donald Trump or from legislators and judges who believe that it is abusing its monopoly position and needs to be broken up.
The Amazon has already lost a fifth of its forest cover over the past fifty years. This has disrupted regional precipitation patterns, contributing to droughts in Brazil's southeast. But the ecological impacts extend far beyond South America. Globally, deforestation is responsible for some twelve percent of human-generated greenhouse gas emissions. Scientists estimate that the Amazon today is absorbing less than half the carbon dioxide that it did just two decades ago, as a smaller rainforest provides a smaller carbon sink, as felled trees return their carbon to the atmosphere, and as desiccated trees absorb less CO2 than healthy ones. If these trends continue, they warn, the Amazon could eventually emit more carbon dioxide than it absorbs.
Even as the world hangs over every detail of the divorce of Amazon's founder, speculating as to how his personal fortune might be divided, we neglect the health of the far more valuable Amazon rainforest and the ecosystem services it provides. In our relentless obsession with accumulating financial capital, material comfort, and convenience, we have given short shrift to the natural capital that keeps our biosphere functioning and allows us to survive and thrive. These attitudes are not sustainable.


Welcome to the world's largest, international skills competition where young people from across the globe compete to become the best of the best in their chosen skill.
WorldSkills London 2011 will take place at ExCeL London from 5-8 October 2011.
With 150,000 expected visitors, you can be inspired by watching 1,000 competitors from 50 nations competing in 45 skill areas over four exciting days of competition.


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2014 Mercedes Benz S65 AMG Spotted at a Photo Shoot
By Tudor Lucian Zaharia
| Tuesday, September 03, 2013
Tuesday, September 03, 2013 Mercedes Benz is currently testing the 2014 Mercedes-Benz S65 AMG on road without any camouflage apart... Tuesday, September 03, 2013 WebPage https://www.auto-types.com/images/_autonews/2014-Mercedes-Benz-S65-AMG-9_35.jpg Auto Types https://www.auto-types.com/img/logo1.png 242 55
Mercedes Benz is currently testing the 2014 Mercedes-Benz S65 AMG on road without any camouflage apart from a small cover over the S65 AMG logo. This vehicle is powered by a V12 from AMG, which is also behind most of the vehicles in the S Class. Although rumor has it that Mercedes Benz plans on launching this vehicle at the 2013 Los Angeles Motor Show this November, its untimely appearance on public road does question the motives of the company.
The Mercedes Benz S65 AMG was spotted recently at the Dutch city of Rotterdam where the 2014 Maserati Ghibli was spotted as well during the course of a photo shoot. To differentiate the 2014 S65 AMG from its V8 cousins, the designers have gone a step ahead and added the front grille, bumpers and shiny new mesh work. Multi spoke alloys and air vents have been added to the car to enhance the visual aesthetics of the ride.
V12 Bi Turbo badges have also been added to the rear section and side panels of the car and this gives it a renewed appeal. A 6.0 liter turbo charged V12 engine is currently powering the S65 AMG and this is an improvement over the V8 engine powering the last generation. The car now generates close to 577 BHP while the vehicle is capable of accelerating from 0 – 60 MPH within 3.9 seconds. Mercedes Benz officials claim a top speed of 186 MPH although a higher powered version is expected to develop 44 additional BHP.
This is set to sport a higher top speed although the officials are tightlipped about the specification and other information about the car. The S65 AMG will sport 4 MATIC All Wheel Drive along with a seven speed automatic transmission system. Advanced weight saving measures has also been added to the car along with the IWC clock. External modifications distinguish the S65 AMG from the S63 although both vehicles have their specific list of features which makes both interesting in their own fields.
Use of chrome has been intensified and this is always a good thing on a luxury vehicle such as the S65 AMG. Although the interior has not been revealed, it is expected to be the best in terms of designing and quality of the parts considering the fact that the S Class is the most superior class of vehicle in the Mercedes Benz lineup. Engineers at AMG have strived to make the new batch of vehicles fuel and environment conscious apart from powerful and this has led to the formation and development of a new breed of engines.
The S65 AMG was never meant to be a driver's car. In fact, it was always a chauffeur driven vehicle. However, the driving aspects of this vehicle have been enhanced and this should pair well with the general high quality of the luxuries of the vehicle. With the general wheel base and dimension having been increased. The S65 AMG is set to be a huge hit when it launches by year end.


text:
From One Prison to Another: Medevac Detainees Face Uncertain Future
Posted 2019-12-23 , Via WN
More than 40 men are being detained in a hotel in Melbourne's northern suburbs, in what might as well be called 'no man's land'.
Evacuated from Papua New Guinea under the previous medevac transfer system, they are now stuck in limbo, at the mercy of yet another political decision that has put their lives at risk.
Some of these men arrived at the Mantra hotel as far back as July, brought to Australia under the original medevac laws introduced at the end of 2018, which allowed sick asylum seekers and refugees to be transferred to Australia for treatment on the recommendation of an expert medical panel.
But those laws were recently repealed in Parliament, and the future of these men is uncertain.
that Border Force is refusing to send them back to PNG, and is also refusing to explain in detail why the men are in a hotel rather than hospital, or how long they will remain there, except to say:
"Once transferees no longer need to be in Australia for the temporary purpose for which they were brought , they are expected to return to a regional processing country," adding that the department "does not discuss individual cases, nor their medical treatment, for privacy reasons", but all people in immigration detention have access to medical care "as required".
Dental problems, asthma and mental health issues are the main health problems plaguing the men. It's understood that most of them have been found to be refugees, although 15 have had their asylum claims rejected.
Refugee advocates have held demonstrations outside the Mantra hotel to draw attention to the plight of the men, claiming that the hotel did not provide sufficient access to open space or medical care – but this is hardly the fault of the hotel itself, considering that it is, in fact a hotel, and not a health or medical centre or rehabilitation facility. Hotel conditions are 'worse' than offshore detention
Figures suggest that about 180 people transferred from Manus and Nauru under medevac provisions have been sent to hotels, apartments and detention . For many, living conditions now are worse than their living conditions in offshore detention.
In Melbourne, the men sleep 2-3 to a room. While they are allowed to use the hotel gym for two hours a day while other guests are not permitted to use the facilities. They are only permitted outside by applying to the a visit to the Melbourne Immigration Transit centre, where they can walk behind the high-fenced walls.
is locked in a hotel room with security guards stationed permanently in the corridor. She says the guards enter her room at night and causing her ongoing panic attacks. When she has to leave for an appointment, two security staff escort her "like a criminal" by gripping her upper arms.
If she needs to leave the hotel for any reason, including to attend medical appointments, she is subjected to regular body searches by security staff.
While a small comfort is that the courts ruled she must be detained close to family members who also reside in Brisbane while getting treatment, family visits are only rarely permitted. Her desire to actually go outside in the fresh air is diminished too, by the invasive procedure she has to endure to do so.
The Australian Human Rights Commission handed down a report earlier this year, recommending that hotels be used only as "alternative places of detention" and only in exceptional circumstances and "for very short periods of time".
In response, the Department of Home Affairs said hotels were used as "transit accommodation" and generally only for detainees who were staying for a short period.
But many of these people have already several weeks, some even months. And their stay could be much longer now that the original system which brought them here no longer exists.
While many are being held in hotel rooms, other detainees report being moved regularly between cities and transit centres, and hotels, and while they are being treated by International Health and Medical Services (IMHS), the same organisation that treats detainees offshore, continually moving means a lack of continuity in care.
As a result, most are still not getting the health outcomes they need, particularly those with serious mental and emotional problems, caused in many cases by circumstances that led them to flee their home countries, then exacerbated by their poor treatment they've received in Australia's offshore detention centres.
It has been well documented that prolonged detention can cause serious mental health problems. Recovery is not smooth, simple or quick. And usually specialist treatments are required. So, what happens now for these sick medevac detainees?
What happens now for these people is far from certain. In a cloud of controversy, the original medevac laws, which guaranteed sick refugees a transfer to Australia for treatment, were repealed at the start of this month after Tasmanian MP Jackie Lambie allegedly did a secret deal with the government in return for her vote to scrap the laws.
Essentially, the repeal means that powers of approval or refusal for medical transfers have been fully restored to home affairs minister Peter Dutton.
And right now, there seems to be no real plan in place to deal with the people stuck in the middle. As they continue to languish in hotel rooms Australia's international reputation as a compassionate nation continues to take a beating.
Worse still, many Australians are disgusted and outraged that their tax dollars are not being more thoughtfully spent by the Federal Government, to provide treatments and long-term outcomes that deliver some certainty to these people who've arrived in Australia seeking refuge from displacement and trauma, not perpetuate it. ...
Click for original article
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Online Misinformation Dropped Dramatically After Twitter Banned Trump
Apple CEO Tim Cook says Parler could return to App Store with reforms


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But I do think there's a sense of, if you go to any sports stadium, the men's rooms do become sort of a communal space. With one World Series win in the past century, public humiliation might just be permanently imbedded in the Cubbies' collective consciousness. Or, perhaps, Cubs fans just understand and appreciate the bizarre bonding that is part of the shared scatological experience of surviving a stadium bathroom.
If you've been to a major sporting event, chances are you have a bathroom story to share: either a recommendation the Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati, featuring bathrooms with nursing stations for moms, is one of the few sports facilities to make Cintas' America's Best Restroom Hall of Fame or a warning if you're at a Raiders game, hold it. Stadium toilets are, after all, a very public place often crowded with inebriated strangers where we must perform an act that, since childhood, has been deeply ingrained in our psyche as private and shameful.
The self-consciousness and shame can be so crippling that public bathrooms in Japan are often equipped with The Sound Princess, a device that broadcasts the sound of flushing toilets to mask any natural noises. No wonder, then, that the confluence of so many Freudian taboos in such a small, strange space, escalated by the anxiety and aggression we already feel while supporting our beloved sports teams, inspires an almost never-ending stream of hysterical behavior. One of the few remaining highlights in Buffalo each fall are the seemingly annual reports of Bills fans having sex in the decrepit restrooms at Ralph Wilson Stadium.
In , New York Mets fan Tom McDonald honored the dying wish of his childhood friend Roy Riegel, a plumber, by flushing Riegel's ashes, one spoonful at a time, down the toilets in at least 16 major league ballparks. McDonald and Riegel grew up Mets fans in Queens. Often, while committing his friend to the Citi Field sewer, McDonald uses the facilities as well. IN , WHILE , of course, waiting in line to use the bathroom, Sandra Rawls, then an assistant professor of interior design, wondered about the power structures and social orders reflected in our public restrooms.
Women typically take longer in the bathroom. What Rawls wanted to figure out was exactly how much longer, and why. Rawls began collecting data across Virginia on restroom habits at airports, shopping malls and arenas. After interviewing hundreds of subjects, she discovered that women generally required seconds to use the restroom compared to 84 seconds for men.
In the past, the discrepancy was either ignored, laughed off or blamed on excessive primping. Instead, Rawls found that they were serious issues, such as clothing restrictions, security, bags, pregnancy, menstruation and the increased frequency compared to men of having to accompany small children. Rawls' groundbreaking research exposed the way bathrooms were being used as a form of gender discrimination, especially in sports stadiums. Based on Rawls' study, moving forward, bathroom equality -- or Potty Parity, as the cause became known -- would be based on bathroom speed, not space.
To achieve it, women demanded twice as many fixtures as men. And in March , the state of Virginia's new building code doubled the number of restrooms for women in museums, libraries and stadiums. New York and other states quickly followed suit. The next year, Denise Wells, a year-old legal secretary and law school student, decided to skip the line at a George Strait concert in a Houston arena and slip into the nearly empty men's room.
But the public reaction to it, it didn't take long to realize there was a cause there that needed, well, exposing. After Wells chose to fight the ticket in court and her story ran above the fold in The Houston Post under the headline "All Dressed Up and Nowhere to Go," she received support from all over the world.
The inequity in stadium bathrooms had struck a chord with female fans. A jury, made up of four women and two men, took 23 minutes to reach the "not guilty" verdict that turned Wells into a folk hero and earned her an appearance on "The Tonight Show" with Johnny Carson. A few years later she was invited to the state capitol by Texas Gov. Ann Richards to witness the state's new Potty Parity law she inspired. To this day, Wells still gets recognized for her bathroom stance. The last time she attended a Texans game at NRG Stadium -- where, Wells says, "the facilities are amazing and really fast" -- her friends insisted that all Houston sports teams should put up plaques in their restrooms in her honor.
To this day, trying to solve the equitable division of stadium bathrooms remains a flush point in sports. Kennedy himself had once found a mammoth bone and was similarly besieged with people trying to take advantage of his find. So he called the Marshals. But by that point, Thompson and Antekeier had long since fled Gracewood, and law enforcement was once again unable to determine where they went.
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Marshal Brad Fleming said in an interview. Based on material found in the Pennwood cabin, the Marshals were alerted to the Hilton Boca Raton Suites, a banal upscale setting where the pair of fugitives had remained hidden since May 30, Marshals prepared to descend on the hotel. Thompson was a brilliant mind and incredible strategist, but he was not suited for life on the run. One of the last times anyone had seen him, it was a worrisome sight: Thompson was in the backyard of a house he was renting, yelling into his phone in his underwear.
Think more along the lines of Dilbert in charge of the operation. But what had to be one of the most intense disappointments in the saga, for Thompson, was the fact that the excavation of the Central America would carry on without him. Kane in turn contracted a company called Odyssey Marine Exploration to finish the recovery of the Central America.
The goal was to bring the rest of the gold to the surface and ensure that the investors got paid. Thompson has significant holdings in the U. If there are dollars that he is hiding, I want every penny of it. The renewed excavation launched in April , with U. Marshals putting a wanted poster of Thompson aboard the ship in case he attempted to rejoin the mission.
The operation was quite successful, bringing up more than 45 gold bars, 15, coins, and hundreds of artifacts over the course of numerous dives, including a pair of glasses, a pistol, and a safe filled with packages. The sale of the gold was once again undertaken by the California Gold Marketing Group.
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O n January 27, , Thompson, then 62, was pale and sickly as he sat in his room in the Hilton Suites in Boca Raton, his body racked with the paranoid tics of a man on the run. She took almost comically cinematic precautions when appearing in public, wearing big floppy hats and taking a succession of buses and taxis to lose anyone who might be on her tail. The hunt was led by an intimidating and extremely direct U. Marshal named Mike Stroh. He had been involved in manhunts all over the country, but the mission to find Thompson had special resonance with him as a professional person-finder.
After seven hours of following her, Marshals crashed their way into the hotel and surprised the two, screaming at them not to move. The Marshals would ultimately cart away 75 boxes of evidence from the room, but they came up empty-handed in one aspect of their quest. Investigators found boxes in the Gracewood mansion that looked a lot like those that had held the restrike coins, but the gold itself was nowhere to be found.
Thompson tried to fight the extradition.
Marshal Brad Fleming said Thompson was chatty as they made the journey back, perhaps relieved that he no longer had to hide. Both pleaded guilty to criminal contempt. T he capture of Tommy Thompson made for a fairly pedestrian end to a story that had captivated Columbus for years. Other associates were wistful about the turn of events.
But the notion that not even a brilliant mind could resist running off with gold was too salacious not to report, and the allegations of thievery became the dominant narrative. It was an unfortunate bookend to the legacy of someone who had long maintained that the historical and scientific aspects of the recovery were the most important point of the mission. Indeed, the non-gold accomplishments of the Central America mission are impressive and resounding.
Michael Vecchione, a zoologist with the Smithsonian who briefly worked with the expedition, said the jerry-rigged technology of the Nemo is now standard practice for deep-ocean explorations. The mission took thousands of hours of video, giving scientists an unprecedented look at deep-sea life and revealing new species and their evolutionary adaptations, he said. Deep-sea sponges were retrieved and studied for their antitumor properties. And the way in which they physically nabbed the gold was incredible in its own right: The robotic arms of the submersible gingerly placed a frame around a pile of coins and injected it with silicone, which, when solidified, made for a block full of gold that could be stored until it was ready to be brought to the surface.
Controlling all of this were systems less powerful than those contained in the average smart phone, Bob Evans said. The coins and other gold items recovered from the Odyssey Marine—led excavation debuted in a public exhibit in Los Angeles in February to record-setting attendance, and they were next seen in May at an NRA convention in Dallas. After administrative costs, court costs and creditor claims, there would theoretically be a distribution to the investors in Recovery Limited Partnership — the first time they would ever see a dime, 33 years after the initial investment for some.
The prison, an imposing but generic detention facility surrounded by razor wire, is about three hours from Columbus, and it is the place Thompson has called home for more than four years. It appears to be his home for the foreseeable future, as Thompson is serving an indefinite sentence in federal prison for civil contempt for refusing to divulge the whereabouts of the coins.
It has been hard to deduce his motivations, even for those who know him well. His intense concentration and extreme focus found the Central America , and the same focus applied to trying to find an answer to his current predicament is taken as unwillingness to play ball. Only two of the hundreds of investors in the mission have sued Thompson because they knew it was a gamble to begin with, she said.
Moreover, as Bob Evans explained, the actual value of the gold was highly speculative in the first place. The inventory has been published. There is no other gold that has been recovered. Perhaps the math is not simple, but it is not beyond the talents of the most elementary minds, or at least the reasonably educated. But according to Quintin Lindsmith, attorney for the Dispatch Printing Company, recouping the supposedly missing returns is not the point. Thirty years and two months after the treasure was found, Thompson was driven the long three hours from Milan, Michigan, to Columbus, Ohio, to stand trial and answer questions many people had been waiting a long time to ask.
The missing defendant suggested a repeat of previous events. Had he somehow fled? Thompson, in a navy sport coat and light-colored plaid shirt, was momentarily nonplussed, and his eyes, behind his black, thick-framed glasses, registered a small amount of surprise. Most damning, however, was alleged evidence that he had stashed gold at the bottom of the sea, presumably to be retrieved later on: When the receivership went back down to the Central America in , they found coins and gold bars that had been neatly laid out on trays.
Thompson also admitted that he had made off with the gold coins as a form of remuneration he felt he was due. In her testimony, Alison Antekeier said that between and she moved them from California to a safe-deposit box in in Jacksonville, and then to a storage facility in Fort Lauderdale, where she gave them, in a handful of suitcases, to a man who was supposed to transfer them to an irrevocable trust in Belize. This was the point Thompson was trying to make all along. As his attorney Keith Golden explained, an irrevocable trust means that once the trust is set up, the person who opened it cannot access it without the permission of the named beneficiaries.
Who was supposedly named as beneficiaries on the trust is unclear. The ruling was later overturned on appeal. Finally, after weeks of testimony, the attorneys made their closing arguments and the jury reached its verdict. Thompson sat in his wheelchair, legs shackled, as the official paperwork was handed from the foreman to the bailiff to the judge.
After the decades of science, discovery, stress and flight, it all came down to this. In the matter of the civil case against, it was determined that defendant Thomas G. Thompson sat expressionless while everyone else gasped. However, the jury declined to award any punitive damages or court fees, indicating that there was no evidence that Thompson acted with malice.
Either way, Lindsmith said the victory is once again about the principle. Like the cost of the litigation itself, the financial cost is immaterial to the larger point. The receivership is fielding offers for a multitude of items from the Central America and the recovery missions. Available for sale are bits and pieces of scientific and historical ephemera , including silicone molds with gold coin impressions, and even the Nemo , the remote underwater vehicle that was the first human contact with the Central America since They have tickets from the passengers.
Golden adds that the relentless litigation torpedoed an opportunity that would have made the Central America recovery look like chump change. Thompson was working with the Colombian government in the mids to recover an old galleon whose estimated value is legitimately a few billion dollars. The next steps for Thompson in the case brought by Dispatch Printing include an appeal of the judgment, with the hopes that the award will be diminished or overturned.
Separately, Thompson has filed an appeal in federal court to be let out of prison. Thompson is currently awaiting the ruling of a three-judge panel about whether or not his is valid. What little time he has to use the phone is spent speaking with lawyers, business partners, and his family; ditto for the days he can have visitors. And after decades of developing new technology, going after hidden gold, and having to fight in court, Thompson is used to secrecy and has no reason to talk about the case to anyone.
Alison Antekeier still lives in Columbus, keeps a low profile, and is still reportedly very sympathetic to Thompson. Numerous attempts to contact her went unanswered. In Ship of Gold in the Deep Blue Sea , Gary Kinder includes chilling survivor accounts of the Central America disaster, including men and women screaming maniacally as they dumped out purses and emptied hidden pockets of gold as the ship sank.
The vacated wealth was something they otherwise would have killed to protect. It was mania wrought by the plague of gold, a crippling infirmity that afflicts humans alone. These Syrian children survived attacks that left them burned beyond belief. One program thousands of miles from home is offering them life-changing treatment. W inter was on its way in northwestern Syria when Hana Al Saloom awoke around 6 a.
There was a chill in the air. Her 5-year-old daughter, Aysha, was asleep near a gas heater, as her brothers and sisters slept in other rooms. Hana blinked. The blast knocked her down. Then screams. She swiveled on her knees. She looked around. Everything was on fire. It was as if her house had exploded. The impact must have caused the gas heater to blow up too.
The flames spread fast. Hana raced outside with her older children. He had reached into the flames to pull her out. His legs and hands were seared. But Aysha was injured the worst. Neighbors rushed to put out the fire on her body — and all around them. Her skin was smoldering. A neighbor rushed Aysha and her dad to a hospital.
Her wavy hair dances around her bright eyes. There she is in a white blouse. There she is in a purple plaid dress. There she is with pigtails, sitting on a swing, wearing a white, blue and red polka-dotted tutu. Her mouth hung open, her eyes slightly cracked, her neck as reddish-pink as a bloody raw steak. Her face looked as if someone had slathered it with a mud mask. Pasty in some places, blackened in others. But her skin, Hana says, was still there, even if it had turned a different shade. Badly hurt and on the brink of death, that is how Hana remembered her daughter on the day she was burned.
After Aysha was whisked away to Turkey for medical care on the day of the accident, an uncle who accompanied her sent a photo of her face wrapped in white bandages. Instead, the uncle would call regularly with updates from Turkey. She was going to be OK. Doctors focused on her lungs especially, which were damaged from the smoke. Hana prayed and cried, waiting for Aysha to be well enough to come home. Finally, that day came. Hana waited, and when she saw the car coming down the road, she ran out of her house in time to see her little girl step out.
She remembers that Aysha wore jeans and a red and white striped dress. Her hair had been shaved off. But it was her face that shocked Hana the most. She did not know that the burned layer of skin had fallen away in sheaths, and that the new skin that replaced it was a combination of grafts, recent growth and irregular-shaped scars. Aysha did not look like the little girl her mother remembered, but Hana had no doubt she was her daughter. She grabbed Aysha and carried her inside of the house.
She sat down, weeping. Hana recalls how Aysha was welcomed back to parts of the community, but the children who used to play with her refused. In May , they boarded a plane and arrived in California. For the last 10 months, Aysha has lived in Southern California, traveling with a chaperone several days a week — an hour each way from an apartment in Irvine — to the hospital in Pasadena for checkups and surgeries, all to treat the burns and scars that run across her arms, chest, neck and face.
She is one of six Syrian children who have come to the U. Given the immigration hurdles and expenses for travel, living and medical care, it would be almost impossible for most Syrian families to travel to the U. She has been active in humanitarian projects since the war in Syria began. State Department has remained supportive of temporary visas to bring burned Syrian children and their families to the U. Twenty-five more burned Syrian children are currently on waiting lists to come to the U.
Currently they do not have enough funding to bring all of the children who need help. There have been half a million deaths and at least two million injuries since the start of the Syrian Civil War in , and the young Syrian patients who show up at Shriners come with gnarled hands, missing eyes and knotty scars, as well as obstructed breathing, hearing and vision. Some can barely swallow.
Their injuries are the direct result of air strikes and, in some cases, chemical weapons attacks. A longtime Syrian-American activist within the Arab-American community, Moujtahed worked on developing the partnership with Shriners as well as getting support from politicians. Those who survive their burns have a really tough, heavy pain, not only from their burns, but also psychologically.
Norbury recalls the injuries of one Syrian boy he treated recently. It looked like he was balancing a baseball on the back of his hand. But she still has more surgeries to go. When Aysha is not in the hospital, she plays alone, or studies with a year-old Syrian girl, Hamama, who is also receiving treatment at Shriners and lives with Aysha and her mom in the Irvine apartment.
Hamama lost her parents, along with key parts of her memory, when her village was attacked. She cannot recall her past, the accident, or even her family members who died. They occasionally go to the shopping mall, or out to eat. Aysha collects dolls, watches Disney cartoons, and loves Skittles. But mostly she longs to attend school in a building outside with other children, even if they stare or laugh at her. It is too risky. Doctors have prohibited her from attending school outside because they worry the sun and environment could harm her already fragile skin and nervous system.
Hana homeschools Aysha, who tries to stay in good spirits, even though she wishes she had other kids her age to play with. When she does go outside for brief periods, she worries about what people think of her. Once, Aysha spotted a woman pushing a stroller. She noticed a toy fall from the stroller to the ground.
Aysha thought of picking up the toy to give to the baby.
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On the television, a shark tries to catch a dolphin. Hana wears a gray head scarf and a red trench coat, which she has buttoned. She gives Aysha rosewater. She is often so focused on her daughter, she forgets about herself. Hana left five other children behind in Syria. Though Hana and Aysha video chat with their family members back in Turkey and Syria regularly, they know that they will likely not see them again for at least another two years. That is how long the doctors expect it to take to complete the needed surgeries. W hen Aysha was a baby, her family resided in the close-knit village of Heesh, where she and her husband lived off the land, raising animals and growing their own food.
They made cheese and traded it for other products. Their agrarian life was peaceful, Hana says, until the military came in and ordered everyone in the village to leave. Heesh would become a bloody battleground as opposition fighters and Assad-regime forces clashed — artillery, rockets and mortars dropping over the hamlet, driving out residents and killing those left behind. Hana remembers gripping Aysha in her arms, carrying a bag of just a few clothing items, and making the two-week trek from Heesh to the border of Turkey on foot, with her husband and six kids.
If we make it out alive, we are alive. They spent four years in the camps. Aysha learned to crawl, and walk, between the tents. Since their entire village and extended family members had relocated there too, Aysha knew many people. She would spend her days going from canopy to canopy, hiding and hunting for food.
You keep her! The family eventually learned that the fighting had subsided and they could return to Heesh, but when they made the long journey back to the village, they found a heap of rubble, broken glass, burned toys, cracked concrete, dust, dirt and crumbled storefronts.
The ceiling had collapsed. The living room was a hill of rocks. Like the rest of the village, they rebuilt their home, one concrete slab after another. Less than a year later, it was not fully intact, but they had repaired it enough to live within its walls again.
The doctor begins to make marks on her ears with a marker. Doctors know the patients may never look the same as before, but they hope to help them live a more normal life by improving their burn injuries and deformities step by step, until they look and feel closer to the kids they are inside. The ones who skip down halls, sing YouTube songs, and grab for toys like other kids their age — without fear of frightening others.
At 10 a. Hama tells Aysha to open her mouth. The syringe is filled to the tip with the bright pink liquid.
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Aysha breathes deeply, gathering the courage to drink it down. She drinks it down with a grimace and wipes her lips. Minutes later, Aysha is groggy. Her mom leans in close. Aysha says nothing, her eyes droop. A few minutes later, the nurses wheel Aysha out of the room, down the hall, as Hana watches from behind. Aysha is trying to call out. Her voice is so faint. Hana hears her. Hana rushes to her side once more. When priceless texts began disappearing from a seventh-century hilltop abbey, the police were mystified. They were even more befuddled when they finally caught the culprit.
T ourists are a most common sight at the abbey of Mont Sainte-Odile in the summer. So, when a somewhat hefty, tall man walked down the marble stairs leading to the first floor of the guesthouse, hardly anyone noticed. His backpack contained a Bible, which is normal in a place where people come for religious pilgrimages, but this Bible was more than years old.
Multilevel-marketing companies like LuLaRoe are forcing people into debt and psychological crisis
Along with it, the man carried a 15th-century incunabulum, works by Cicero and the eighth-century theologian Alcuin, and three more dusty, priceless books. He picked six books from one of the oak bookcases standing against the walls, and walked right out through the Saint-Pierre chapel, briefly glancing at the marble tomb of Saint Odile — the revered saint who founded this mountaintop abbey in the seventh century — on his way out. Now, the square-jawed, long-legged man sauntered through a swarm of tourists near the parapet enclosing the religious site. It was a warm, sunny day in August , and he had just stolen from one of the holiest sites in Alsace, a historical region in northeastern France.
On countless occasions, he had soaked up the views of the hillsides, blanketed with pines, and the sprawling Rhine Valley. He made himself a promise not to steal from the library anymore, he would later tell police investigators. A small, vaulted room, it had once been known as Calvary, a place where canons and nuns meditated on the Passion of Christ.
In the midth century, a canon had turned it into a library, amassing more than 3, books donated by seminaries and monasteries from the region. In the s, an amateur historian started drawing an inventory and had found ancient editions of works by Aristotle, Homer, and the Roman playwright Terence.
Especially valuable were 10 incunabula — rare books printed before , during the earliest years of the printing press. Sermons by Augustine, bound in sow skin, from Three Latin Bibles, printed in Basel and Strasbourg. Works by the Roman poet Virgil, printed in in Nuremberg. A Bible commentary by Peter Lombard, a 12th-century Italian scholar.
Now one was missing. On the lower shelf where they were supposed to line up, there was an empty space. Buntz scurried out of the room. She bumped into Charles Diss, 61, the director of Mont Sainte-Odile, a short man with an affable face and protruding ears. Diss was rattled. The library was accessible to some of the 60 employees, as well as to groups of 30 worshippers taking turns in adoration of the Eucharist, a tradition going back to the years following World War I.
Buntz and Diss drove the weaving road downhill to file a complaint with the local police station. For a moment, they thought that things would be left at that. The door was often left unlocked, after all. It appeared that only one book had been stolen, or simply borrowed by a fervent but dreamy pilgrim, and not returned. No additional security measures were taken. But when Buntz entered the library one day in November, just a few months later, the remaining incunabula were gone.
The empty shelf stared grimly at her like an open wound. The gendarmes began an investigation and soon roamed the area.
He had walked back to the car two hours later, carrying two bags full of nine heavy incunabula, according to previously undisclosed police records. The lock on the library door was replaced with a sturdier one, and access to the room restricted. For months, there was no further pilfering. It was a relief. Ask me how! Stidham often promotes the idea of her company being a perfect part-time job for mothers by talking about being a single mother of seven hustling out of her home—even though she was already remarried and her kids grown before LuLaRoe was founded.
Ashley name changed , a mom and wife who lives in the suburbs of Indianapolis, signed up to sell LuLaRoe in August after her husband lost his job and was only able to make half his salary at the next one he found. But on the advice of other retailers, she plowed it all back into buying more inventory instead of keeping any of it for herself, her family, or their mounting bills.
Sales started to decline in the third month. Directives for how to interpret rules are often filtered through Facebook groups by team leaders eager for bonus checks, leaving the door to miscommunication—and manipulation—wide open. Kayla lives in a small town in Wisconsin. At this point, even if she had quit the next day without selling a thing, LuLaRoe would have made its profit. Kayla acquiesced on Jan.
She was told by one of the consultants in her Facebook group to take out a low-interest credit card to pay for the initial buy, and that she would pay it back within eight weeks at the most. After that, consultants often tell other sellers to replace their inventory and build up more in order to be successful. There is a more detailed mathematical breakdown of different business models here.
But they only garnered that commission if they and everyone underneath them each bought pieces a month, a rule that incentivized inventory buying. Some variation on this structure is common at most MLMs. On July 1, LuLaRoe instituted a much fairer Leadership Bonus Plan pdf that awards compensation based on sales to consumers rather than wholesale purchases. How dare you guys say a single word bad. Whether they realize it or not, consultant leaders often use time-honored cult tactics of denial and blame to keep women within their sorority. In the study, individuals were placed in groups where they were constantly contradicted by other members.
When this happened over a length of time, they would start to agree with the majority—even though it was clear that the opposite was true. I have to block you due to your constant-gross-delusional-uneducated opinions of LLR. As with any business, results will vary. In addition to the factors above, retailer success is influenced by the individual capacity, business experience, expertise, and motivation of the retailer. What was she doing so right? Nicole and another consultant pulled out 71 pairs of leggings in an hour. She bought her first pair of LuLaRoe leggings in and loved them.
But what started as a fun social activity turned into a compulsion, and she found it taking over her life. I would lie to my husband about feeling ill so he would take the kids to their afterschool activities so I could be at home to watch pop ups. I would also drive as far away as an hour to attend LLR events. LuLaRoe merchandise boxes are like Lycra slot machines. For example, Sophie knew plus sizes would sell best for her, but her initial package contained five XXS dresses and several long-sleeved shirts that were a tough sell for a Texas retailer in June.
There are new prints apparently designed every day, and LuLaRoe says most patterns are limited to around 5, pieces each. Research has shown that our brains release more of the pleasure chemical dopamine when we unexpectedly get a reward at a random time. This also fosters a sense of cooperation among retailers as retailers will often refer consumers to other retailers to help consumers find the patterns that they seek. Sophie says she was often only able to sell five pieces out of every piece order she made.
She feels guilty about using this psychological gambling trick, but it worked. That figure may be low because LuLaRoe products used to be so hard to return.
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Stress is a killer. Most of us know this already, but the tension in our bodies and stress on our minds can make us feel horrible, can cause mental health issues and can even negatively affect other people in our lives. As bad as stress is, it's very easy to come across and it's usually due to all the negative things we experience during our work week.
Perhaps a colleague is being awful and harassing you, maybe there's a lot of stress on your upcoming exams and workloads, or perhaps your business is putting a lot of stress on you because of the number of people you have to manage. But fear not! Because one of the best ways to combat a stressful working week is a weekend break. Here are a few pampering ideas for you to indulge in if you want to de-stress and relieve your body.
A full body massage is one of the most relaxing things in the world. Not only can a regular massage make you feel more youthful and help you get rid of body pains and aches, it's also a fantastic way to help you de-stress and prepare you for a busy working week. Massages weekend breaks are usually accompanied by a tranquil environment, pleasant entertainment and of course, a relaxing bed to sleep in. Massages can even help with problems such as anxiety, headaches and even chronic pains.
If you're interested in having an active weekend break, then whisk yourself off to a yoga break location. Yoga has many benefits, such as promoting body flexibility, assisting with your metabolism and even reducing your weight. It's a fantastic low-impact exercise but it's even better as a way to de-stress and relax after a long work week. Yoga breaks are usually bundled together with sauna packages and they are usually hosted in beautiful locations.
Spa treatments are fantastic for many different reasons. Like yoga breaks, spa breaks are often hosted in discrete and disconnected locations that are away from civilisation. This gives spa breaks a feeling of disengagement from the rest of the world and it can help you relieve the stress of thinking about your work. There are many benefits of a spa treatment, such as the ability to relieve pain, exfoliate the skin to leave you looking beautiful, and even rejuvenate your body and mind.
If you still have energy to last you the weekend and want to do something a little more active, nothing beats a beach holiday with warm weather, a cool breeze and crystal clear waters. Most people think that a beach holiday break can be expensive, but if you plan ahead you typically pay a lot less than a last-minute holiday. If you want to make it even more fun, take a couple of friends with you and experience the nightlife and indulge yourself in delicious food and drink. A weekend break to the beach is a fantastic way to get a bit more sun, de-stress, and also meet new people to socialise with.