text:
Alejandrina Cabrera answers questions about her ability to speak English in Yuma County Court.
City council hopeful: 'My English is good enough'
When a judge ruled that Alejandrina Cabrera's name couldn't be on the ballot for City Council in San Luis, Arizona, because she couldn't speak English well enough, it was not only a blow to her, but to her fellow citizens, Cabrera told CNN.
"When he took my right to be on the ballot he took away the right of the people who want to vote for me," Cabrera said in an interview conducted in Spanish with CNN en Español.
A battle over Cabrera's run for office began when Juan Carlos Escamilla, the mayor of San Luis, said he was concerned that Cabrera might not have the proper grasp of the language for the job. Escamilla filed a lawsuit in December that asked a court to determine whether Cabrera's skills qualified her under state law to run for the council seat.
The fight began as a purely political one, with opponents seeking to block her from running for office after she tried to recall Escamilla from office twice, according to The New York Times. But it has turned into a firestorm in a town where many constituents have the same grasp of English as Cabrera. Those questions, and the political fight they stirred, led to a court hearing to determine whether Cabrera spoke English well enough to be able to run for office. The ruling was that she did not.
The issues at the center of this debate: Just how much English must you understand to run for a political office? And what does it mean to be proficient?
According to a judge, you need to know more English than Cabrera was able to demonstrate.
But by Cabrera's account, she's fluent enough to serve her community, and she isn't running for national office.
"I think my English is good enough to hold public office in San Luis, Arizona," she told CNN.
"I am not going to help (at the White House)," she added. "I will be helping here."
When she said her English is good enough for San Luis, she brings up a point that's been a large part of the debate about her language skills.
In San Luis, 87% of residents speak a language other than English in their home and 98.7% are of Hispanic origin, according to 2010 U.S. Census data. Most of the people there, by all accounts, speak in English and in Spanish. In the comfort of communal settings, they'll speak the way they're most comfortable.
Which may be why, when CNN en Español asked if she would conduct the interview in English, her lawyer instructed her to speak only in Spanish.
Instead of the confident, strong way she speaks in Spanish to the residents of San Luis, Cabrera speaks a bit more slowly, and perhaps with a bit less conviction, when she switches to English. That's something she admits, but she says that she can communicate at the level she needs to in English, given where she lives. She grades her English proficiency at a 5 on a scale from 1 to 10.
"It is true my English is not fluid, I am a very honest so I can tell you I'm not fluid in English, but I do understand it. I can read a a letter. I can read a book," Cabrera said. "Right now I have a private tutor helping me improve my English."
While she's doing that, Cabrera still feels her language skills are where they need to be.
"From my point of view, it would be more helpful to have someone who speaks Spanish (in San Luis)," she said.
Escamilla, the mayor who began the fight over Cabrera's skills, notes that many of the other council members are also Hispanic but they are truly bilingual.
"With all due respect for Ms. Cabrera, I think she is a good person, but her understanding in English is not good enough. She struggles to speak it, and she doesn't understand it," he said. "All our meetings are in English."
During the court hearing on the issue, Yuma County Superior Court Judge John Nelson made the ruling after testimony from linguistics experts and Cabrera's own testimony, where she answered questions and read a few documents.
Cabrera, a U.S. citizen who graduated from the bilingual Kofa High School in Yuma, Arizona, was questioned in English on the stand about where she graduated, where she was born and what her name was. She was able to tell her lawyer her name and where she was born, but struggled with what school she had graduated from, according to the Yuma Sun.
Cabrera believes that ruling is stripping her of the her right to run for office. Escamilla believes the court is just enforcing the law.
In 2006, Arizona passed a law that made English the official language of the state. Earlier, in 1910, Congress passed the Enabling Act, which allowed Arizona to become a state with certain requirements. Among them was one that addressed the English language.
"The ability to read, write, speak, and understand the English language sufficiently well to conduct the duties of the office without aid of an interpreter shall be a necessary qualification for all state officers and members of the state legislature," a section of the act reads.
But Cabrera's lawyers argued in court that her disqualification was unfair and may be unconstitutional, seeing as there is not an actual standard for a specific level of proficiency for a council candidate.
That's something Escamilla disagrees with vehemently.
"We are not taking Alejandrina's rights away - we are just following the state law," he said.
Cabrera believes the mayor and others have taken the issue too far, that she is well-qualified to serve the community she lives in, and that the language testing she was given was at a much higher level than necessary.
"I am not applying for a job with President Obama," she said. "All I want is to do my job as an activist helping my community."
Glenn Gimbut, the city attorney for San Luis, says he believes the right decision was made for the people of San Luis.
"The votes of the people who might have voted for her would have been wasted, because they could have voted for someone better prepared to be an elected official," Gimbut told CNN.
But one resident, Ana Maria Beal, said that someone with Cabrera's background is exactly the kind of person she'd like to see represent her.
"She is someone who wants to work and worries for our people. That's the type of person we need up there," she said. "We don't want someone who comes from Harvard."
And that sentiment may be why Cabrera plans to appeal the decision, according to an interview with the Yuma Sun.
"I can't give details about the appeal, but the judge's decision was not just," Cabrera told the newspaper. "He can't take away my constitutional rights, and if he takes away my rights, he takes away the rights of the community."
While we'll have to wait and see what happens with an appeal, one thing is sure: Cabrera's case has sparked a national debate about whether English should be the official language of the country and also leaves open many questions about the democratic process.
Let us know what you think about Cabrera's situation and her response to being taken off the ballot in the comments section below.
- Journalist Valeria Fernandez, CNN Español's Gabriela Frias, Fernando del Rincon and Gustavo Valdes contributed to this report.
Post by: CNN news blog editor Mallory Simon
Filed under: Arizona
Ivy League White Guy
Well, my English is good enough and with it I can tell you that you are an idiot and a bully. If you are a parent, someone should take away your children before they grow up to be bigots like you. Shame on you, bigot.
This poor lady is very sincere in wanting to help the people in her community and isn't wanting to rip them off and abuse her power as so many other politicians today are doing. I'll guarantee you that she would be far more honest and her integrity is much better than any of the republican candidate of today. seriously?
Iamsoashamed
right!!! living here in the sunny south and seing first hand the corruption from these no speeekeee your language types sums it all up down here, they come from a corrupt culture and they live one, either acclimate to the country who has taken you in, allowed you to prosper, or as many have chosen go back home, here is not for jus.
LSanchez
Oh please!!! What a total waste of tax payer money! Who is to say that her english is not good enough! I have worked with people who speak eubonics, jersey, baston and new yok ....ghetto english!!! yet this has been perfectly acceptable forms of "english".... employers a constantly seeking people who speak spanish. This is a country that voted in a hic from TX who constantly slaughtered the english language...i don't recall anyone telling him he could run for office!!! A bilingual Texan Mexican & AMERICAN!!
Scott4025
Sanchez – I think you are missing the point. All of the other examples you listed are forms of English, though misguided and uneducated they may be, and not a completely different dialect. No one is questioning this woman's good intentions to do right for the town she is from, but the fact remains that all of the council meetings are conducted IN english and each person must be able to communicate without the aid of an interpreter. It's been the law since Arizona was inducted into statehood. She may mean well but her inefficiency in understanding and speaking English would hinder her effectiveness at this position. I don't see why she doesn't just work hard on her English and run at a later time – problem solved!!
i agree, if your neighborhood is packed with a bunch of idiots why not have an idiot in office. worked for harlem.
February 1, 2012 at 4:59 am | Report abuse |
marycontrary
Companies are constantly seeking employees who speak Spanish because of the need to deal with all the workers that DON'T speak ENGLISH. I'm a hiring manager. I know what I'm talking about.
February 1, 2012 at 11:16 am | Report abuse |
Speckly
There seem to be a lot of people responding who know nothing about the reality of life in the Southwest. This is not "your" America; America is more diverse than you can conceive of, and Spanish has been spoken there since before Jamestown or the Pilgrims. English was imposed at the point of a bayonet, after the unjust war of 1846-48, fought mostly by Southerners so they could expand slavery.
There are 3 sad things here:
1) The bigotry of some of these postings
2) The quality of high school education not just in Arizona, but in the whole country
3) The fact that the whole scandal was created by a Latino mayor to disqualify a Latina candidate in a town which is almost 100% Latino
It's a bit melodramatic to say that English has only been imposed forcefully over time. America has had one the largest open-door policy for immigrants in recent history and welcomes people from nations from all over the world to enjoy the liberties our country affords. The price – learn it's nationally recognized language. Not rocket science and it's not put there to make things harder for immigrants, but to help them function better in American society.
Speckly, thank you thank you! Finally someone listing and understanding the 3 main points of this situation. Why is it that people always respond with offensive comments about other people? But you just hit it RIGHT! How proficient are the Mayor and Council members in this town?
yes, spanish was spoken until sam houston destroyed your drunken army and ran you back across the river, where you should have stayed
First of all, it is illegal for southwestern states conquered during the Mexican American war to be deprived of the right to use Spanish as an official language. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo guaranteed residents living in the conquered territories the right to use Spanish as an official language to retain their property and participate in government. Of course, the United States and it's citizens have never been one to follow the law (the laws of this country only apply to immigrants unless the laws are fair to and help protect immigrants or Native Americans and then they are either not enforced or rescinded.)
AS FOR GOING BACK TO MEXICO–MY FAMILY HAS BEEN HERE SINCE BEFORE ENGLISH SPEAKING PEOPLES EVEN THOUGHT OF IMMIGRATING TO THE "NEW WORLD". SINCE WE WERE HERE FIRST, WHY DON'T YOU GO BACK TO ENGLAND/GERMANY/HOLLAND//SCANDINAVIA?
Also, the Irish were/are the true invasion. During the Potato Famine, the percentage of Irish immigrants exceeded the percentage of Latino immigrants and there are still a number of illegal Irish immigrants in the US today.
As to stupidity...did you know that being bi or multilingual greatly enhances learning capacity and intelligence. Oh I guess I didn't really have to point that out–just read some of the above comments...
February 1, 2012 at 1:19 pm | Report abuse |
gahh
It's America, speak english. If you want to speak spanish, go back to Mexico, and take all your spanish speaking buddies with you. You people want to take over America, and make Mexican the official language of the US.
Ed Portan
I agreed, she may have good intentions, but should wait until she learn better English and this should have been the same for Obama (wait to learn to be a better leader, good intentions are not good enough)
THE GHOST OF CESAR CHAVEZ
We are not going to back to Mexico. On the contrary, Hispanics will be the majority. Would you like for us to send you a "time to go back to redneck land" when this happens? Mexican is not a language. You should have paid more attention in school. Your comments are the same racist, ignorant comments that every redneck hater spews. Nothing original about what you had to say. We are so used to bigots like you telling us to go back to Mexico, that we are nothing but this and that, hateful comment this and hateful comment that. But nothing you or the likes of you say will stop us. This is our home, too, and we will fight for our rights.
It's not melodratic to say English has been imposed forcefully. Native Americans and Mexicans were CONQUERED. There were laws forcing them to learn English in schools. And when there weren't laws, social pressure would do. German was once widely spoken, taught in bilingual schools, and printed in newspapers in the US until World War I made it un-American to use German. And everyone who's worried about Mexicans "taking over" the US should know that in most of the country, the second generation is EMBARRASED to speak Spanish because of social pressure, and the thrird generation forgets it completely.
The fact is, Cabrera already knows more of her second language than any "real" Americans will ever learn.
Although I don't agree with some of your generalizations, in my experience some of the insights you share about Hispanics in the US are true. The issue is that the American educational system promotes the dumbing of minorites. Hispanics in the 1960s fought hard to stop the discrimination, but even today, in places like Tucson, AZ, the racist elements of the white majority try to take away our language, our history, our culture. They already took away our land, now they want us to be less than them, trying to convince us that Spanish is a lesser language than English, that we are not qualified and depend on Affirmative Action to get an education, that we do not deserve to live in America because we are all illegal aliens. Let's show this bigots what we are made of. Let's start by voting to stop them from returning to the White House. Oh, one more thing, MIKE, you are a BIGOT.
T. Nel
Having English as my second language, I believe I have an idea on this subject (although Spanish is not my native language). It seems that this is becoming an immigration subject 🙂 I strongly believe that the aspirant to the city council SHOULD be very proficient in English, as well as in Spanish. If she's so inclined to serve her fellow citizens or non-citizens, her bi-lingual skills are a must, if she wants to bridge the language gap (or break the language barrier). I would prefer that the person wishing to represent me speaks MY language but also English to convey my wishes, problems to the rest of the city council. How would she do that, if she can barely make a full sentence in English...?!
You nailed it. BILINGUAL skills is what this lady needs in order to serve in that capacity. She can only speak Spanish. She is not qualified to fill that position. Done.
Key word...Bilingual. She doesn't speak, understand English which doesn't qualify as Bilingual.
MARYCONTRARY Please tell me where you work so I can file a discrimination lawsuit against you. How many minority candidates for a job have you discriminate against?
rbgntx
I am curious why she tried to have the Mayor recalled twice because I believe that is at the root of this dispute more than her English skills. Frankly Mr. Escamilla, the mayor, is not completely on top of English judging from the quote of his in the Dallas paper regarding this story. He expressed concern he might be opening a "box of Pandora" in filing the case.
Gravy Boater
I thought this was a free country. Can't we vote for whoever we want to?
FYI This is America...we speak, read, and write in several languages and promote intellectual growth and diversity! Don't like it? Go hide in a cave with the Taliban.
The most unbelievable thing I find about this woman is the fact that she has spent numerous YEARS living in the USA, and she can't put together a coherent sentence in spoken English. How is this possible? Why the complete lack of motivation to learn the language that we speak…or is it just pure laziness?
I had a friend move here from Germany, and when she arrived, she had zero English skills. In less than one year, she was very functional with the language…in two years, she was damn near fluent. What's the difference between these two women? Is my German friend smarter or more intelligent than Ms Cabrera? Of course not. My friend had the motivation and the desire to assimilate into the American way of life. My friend wanted to be able to function in American society without any barriers. Where is Ms Cabrera's pride as an American citizen, and her desire to assimilate? I don't see it.
How do deduce a lack of pride in being an American citizen from somebody not wanting to assimilate? What you really want is for her to be exactly like yourself. She's from a predominantly Mexican-American city, and has already "assimilated" to the local culture. Not everywhere in the US speaks English, you know.
The whole "my German friend" and that "lazy Mexican" comparison did not help your cause, TKO. Your German friend is coming from another continent to a country that is not her own. The woman you label as lazy is a US citizen in a region of the country that is historically Spanish dominant. Please think before you start making comments that make you sound like a bigot.
@the ghost of cesar chavez
Its worth pointing out that Chavez had a working understanding of English and was truly bilingual. What don't these people understand? Ms Cabrera is an American citizen by birth, yet shes spent most of her life in Mexico because of the lower cost of living (anchor baby much?) she returned to the US to graduate from a bilingual high school, because obviously the American school was better than the ones in Mexico. And now shes mad because she cant speak english and is barred from the ballot? Maybe she should of worried about her english proficiency when she was speaking spanish in high school and making no effort to assimiilate to our culture. She cant speak the language she cant run for office, whats so difficult here? Its really frustrating how these ingreatful Mexicans continue to try to warp our nation. Yes, America is a melting pot, but that only works when the immigrants melt (i.e. learn the language, assimilate into the culture).
How are they being ungrateful? How are they "warping" our nation? Please describe your idea of what our nation is and stands for in more detail.
So "ungratefull Mexicans" are trying to "warp our nation"? Dios mio. To begin with, Mexicans don't have to be grateful to the likes of you. Secondly, whether you like it or not, we did not leave when you invaded Mexico in 1867 and we are not going to leave now, so get use to the idea of hearing a lot of Spanish and being bombarded with a lot of Mexican culture. As far as we are concerned, this is our country to, yes a country that we share with whites, blacks, and many other Americans, but that's great as long as one group doesn't start pulling the English Only – Love or Leave It racist nonsense. You also make several generalizations that are very offensive. You state that American schools are better than Mexican schools. Really? What data do you have to support that? Do you hold a PhD in Education? Have you conducted international studies and done research to validate your racist put downs? You also talk about America being a melting pot, but you sound like that metaphor only applies when English as a dominant language and white values come out as the dominant flavor. Sorry to burst your English Only bubble, but NO. We have a strong culture and language and we don't have to submit to you or anybody. English is a useful tool and it helps both cultures meet in the middle, but it is about time that you start learning Spanish and start treating us with respect. One more thing: There is no way a Republican is winning the elections. Hispanics won't allow it.
To quote Joe "Cesar Chavez had a working understanding of English and was truly bilingual." Oh boy, the arrogance and superiority complex of some people is beginning to annoy us very much. Look Joe, get over yourself and your romance with the white race and understand that we do not to be validated by you or told who is a "good" or "intelligent" Mexican and who is not. This lady is a US citizen, she has the right to run for office. Arizona is a racist state for trying to violate her rights.
what upsets me
yeah if shes been here for some time she should be able to speak english. what i dont understand is that the influx of spanish speaking individuals are in the us and either refuse to learn it or try but quit and want us to learn it? ive hd that happen in my own city and learning new things is great, it opens your mind, etc im all for it but wouldnt you think this would be expected if an english speaking person who came into a spanish speaking country to run for a political office should speak their language? at least somewhat enough they can do things in office? granted its not fair what she is going through but as with any other opportunity that is given or shown to anyone, you need to be prepared....no one is going to come to your level if you dont have the "credentials" someone else needs from you.
You sound moderate in tone and this helps you get your point across. Yes, as Hispanic-American, I can understand how a member of a racial/cultural majority who is willing to coexist with a racial/cultural minority would feel "upset" that members of that minority would not make the effort to assimilate and learn the language of the majority. But try to see it from our point of view. We are not a minority because we choose to be one. We are a minority because two racist white presidents (that would be Presidents Polk and Roosevelt ) invaded Mexico and fought Spain. As a result of these two wars, Hispanics became minorities in their own lands (not in Puerto Rico, that is another issue). So know, the white majority attacks our culture (Arizona is doing away with Mexican-Amerian studies in its high schools), bashes on our language (Newt has expressed that Spanish is the language of the ghetto), and tries to attack our communities through racial profiling (see example of 4 Conneticut cops arrested for harrassing minorities), deportations, and underperforming schools. To be fair, yes, new immigrants should learn English, but when a community's majority is Spanish speaking, then the argument that a Spanish speaking US citizen can not participate in the democratic process and run for office is invalid. Arizona does not have the right to erase our language and keep our people from learning about the history of our community in the US or from participating in the democratic process of our communities. So, in summary, I can see why you are upset, but please see why we are upset. We are tired of bigotry.
Many if not most immigrants are trying hard to learn English and meet Anglos more than halfway, but it's difficult. Many communities offer no English classes, or use them as bait to join a church, or only offer one level so that people can never advance beyond the basics. And high schools don't always help Latino kids learn English–in fact, they're so obsessed with the idea that students without perfect English will drag down the all-important test scores that they'll claim these students have discipline problems and send them to detention, or try any trick to not include them in the group being tested.
The failure lies much more with the education system than with immigrants supposedly not wanting to learn English. They come for a better life for themselves and their kids, and if they can't learn English, they sure want their kids to.
Oh and to repeat, Cabrera is not an immigrant.
ORKim
I can appreciate that Ms. Cabrera's life history likely makes her an ideal candidate to represent her community and admire that she is actively involved in her local democratic process (which is more than can be said for a majority of Americans). However; I work in local government. My Board is often involved in analyzing legal documents, state legal statutes and a multitude of federal regulatory requirements. Most of them are produced by attorney's or highly educated technical specialists. This is not the same as reading the evening newspaper. The board must then debate and discuss their positions on the related issues and develop policy that guides the operation of our organization. All of this is recorded in the "public record" and is available to anyone anywhere in the nation. There is no way that a government can effectively operate unless there is consistency in the language in which it conducts its business, unless the entire country is bi-lingual. As that is not the situation in this case, it seems like the judge made a prudent decision to assure that the candidates for a government position are qualified to effectively carry out the business of the community. To me, this isn't about race, or ethnicity or country of origin. This about having a candidate with the necessary prerequisite skills to accomplish a task. There's a lot of folks who seem to have lost sight of that.
ORKim You arguments sound reasonable and you sound moderate and respectful of minorities rights. Nevertheless, if she is a US citizen, it should be up to voters to decide if they trust this individual to rise to the challenge and take on the responsibility of representing their interests. This is a matter of race because of the circumstances that surround the conflict. Arizona has become a very radical state and it seems some local Republican officials are waging a political war against the Hispanic minority. Did you know that neither Cesar Chavez nor Daisy Bates, both Civil Rights Leaders of the 50's and 60's, went beyond the 8th grade? What if the next law Arizona passes is that you must have finished high school or college or have a certain degree of assets to be eligible to run for office? You and I both know that in reality the state does not have to pass such a law because it would be very unlikely that a person fitting this description could be elected, but my what I am trying to point out is that the system is very good at marginilizing minorities and blocking them from participating in the democratic process, whether because the state does a poor job at educating its citizens or because it passes laws that discriminate against them for one reason or another. I have read your arguments, but no argument can justify discrimination. Shame on Arizona.
I disagree with you. Your arguments seem valid and your tone conciliatory, but the bottom line is that pragmatism can not justify discrimination. You express that race does not have anything to do with this issue. This is happening in Arizona. Of course racism is an issue here. I understand that the politician blocking this young woman from running for office is Hispanic. This fact does not escape me, but it is a culture promoted by racist republican radicals that is looking to further marginalize minorities and discriminate against them, stripping them of their political rights. Cesar Chavez and Daisy Bates, both great Civil Rights leaders, did not go beyond an 8th grade education. Would a Republican politician have tried to strip away their rights in Arizona if they were alive today? Absolutely. Shame on Arizona.
Jyru
A little maaybe?
February 1, 2012 at 10:13 pm | Report abuse |
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What factors hinder environmental efforts in Sub Saharan Africa Select all that apply?
What are the causes of environmental problems in sub Saharan Africa?
Which factors describe the economic situation in sub Saharan Africa?
What were the main factors leading to the European colonization of Africa Select all that apply?
What were the main causes of ethnic conflict in Sub Saharan Africa during the colonial period Select all that apply ethnic group favoritism democratic government systems the drawing of political borders divide and rule practices unite and conquer policies?
What are the major problems in Africa?
What are the four main environmental issues in Africa?
What factors have contributed to a lack of economic development in Sub Saharan Africa?
How has desertification affected the physical environment of sub Saharan Africa?
What are the economic problems in Africa?
What are 3 reasons for colonization?
Why did Europe want raw materials from Africa?
Why did Europe want to colonize Africa there are 2 reasons?
What have been some results of population growth in sub Saharan Africa Select all that apply?
What is the main problem of African economic systems?
Why is ethnic conflict common in sub Saharan Africa?
What factors hinder environmental efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa? lack of coordinated regional policies. lack of enforcement. lack of funding.
The exploitation of global resources leads to widespread deforestation, soil erosion, depletion of soil resources; land degradation (Chikanda, 2009) , decline in forest cover, rising levels of energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, shortage of food (UNEP, 2000;, and increase in air and water pollution, both drinking …
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Which factors describe the economic situation in Sub-Saharan Africa? Foreign investment is unwelcome in the region. Natural resources are used to pay off international debt. Subsistence farming no longer exists in the region.
The European imperialist push into Africa was motivated by three main factors, economic, political, and social. It developed in the nineteenth century following the collapse of the profitability of the slave trade, its abolition and suppression, as well as the expansion of the European capitalist Industrial Revolution.
The drawing of political borders, divide and conquer policies, and favoritism toward an ethnic group was the factors resulting in increased ethnic conflict during the colonial period. I guarantee you these are correct!
Today, Africa remains the poorest and least-developed continent in the world. Hunger, poverty, terrorism, local ethnic and religious conflicts, corruption and bribery, disease outbreaks – this was Africa's story until the early 2000s.
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Both domestic and external factors contributed to sub-Saharan Africa's poor overall economic performance in the 1980s and early 1990s. Key constraints to growth included inappropriate economic policies, inadequate human capital development, and low levels of private investment.
In sub-Saharan Africa, desertification may force up to 50 million people to flee their homes by 2020. Since 1923, the Sahara Desert has expanded by 10 percent, especially affecting people living in the Sahel region.
Among the common problems are unemployment, access to land, weak educational systems, gender discrimination, and poor health care systems.
Historians generally recognize three motives for European exploration and colonization in the New World: God, gold, and glory.
During this time, many European countries expanded their empires by aggressively establishing colonies in Africa so that they could exploit and export Africa's resources. Raw materials like rubber, timber, diamonds, and gold were found in Africa. Europeans also wanted to protect trade routes.
Causes of colonisation
The reasons for African colonisation were mainly economic, political and religious. During this time of colonisation, an economic depression was occurring in Europe, and powerful countries such as Germany, France, and Great Britain, were losing money.
Some results of population growth in Sub Saharan Africa are water shortages, unemployment and lack of housing. The correct options among all the options that are given in the question are the first, second and third options. the spread of communicable sexual diseases.
IT IS INTERESTING: Where is the best place to put an African violet?
A lack of funding for roads, telecommunications, water, electricity and more are impeding the continent's productivity by around 40%, according to World Bank estimates. This "failure of critical infrastructure" is a major risk to business in the region, respondents to the World Economic Forum's survey said last year.
Why is ethnic conflict common in Sub-Saharan Africa? Colonizers ignored ethnic groups when drawing political borders and most countries have diverse ethnic groups. Which was the dominant religious affiliation in Sub-Saharan Africa prior to the colonial period. What is the dominant religion in South Africa?
How many blocks can a bricklayer lay in a day in Nigeria?
Where is the highest waterfall in Africa?
How much money does it cost to go to Nigeria?
Frequent question: How much does it cost from Ghana to Turkey?
Does Africa grow avocados?
Your question: Where are South Africa's mines?
What are the six new regions in Ghana and their capitals?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Active earth pressure calculation (Caquot, Coulomb (ČSN 730037), Müller-Breslau (DIN 4085), Mazindrani (Rankine), Absi).
Passive earth pressure calculation (Caquot-Kerisel (ČSN 730037), Coulomb, Müller-Breslau, Sokolovski (DIN 4085), Mazindrani (Rankine), Absi).
Earthquake analysis (Mononobe-Okabe, Arango, JTJ 004-89, JTS 146-2012, SL 203-97).
Shape of earth wedge (Calculate as skew, Consider always vertical).
Base key (The base key is considered as front face resistance; the base key is considered as inclined footing bottom).
Allowable eccentricity - for assesment of contact stress at footing bottom is the value assumed of maximum allowable eccentricity in range of 0.1 to 0.4.
Internal stability - this way of calculation is adopted in "MSE Wall". Slip surface has a different shape (straight, broken) according to the selected standard of calculation.
Hinge Height Concept - represents the way of analysis of precast walls according to AASHTO, in which the favorably acting gravity force of a part of the structure is reduced. It is used only in "Redi Rock Wall" program. This program also allows for inputting the "Coefficient of reduction of first block-base".
In the case of verification methodology according to the limit states and factor of safety, it is possible to reduce the parameters of the foundation - soil interface. The coefficient of reduction of structure - soil interface µ represents the amount of wall resistance against slip resp. against translation when in contact with the soil.
When running the verification analysis according to the theory of limit states, the program enables the reduction of the tangent of the angle of internal friction φ employing the coefficient γmφ.
Verification methodology (factor of safety, limit states, analysis according to EN 1997, analysis according to LRFD, analysis according to the chinese standards).
Design situations are specified for all verification methodologies.


Police are reiterating warnings to people to be vigilant after a further 42 drain covers were stolen in Redditch.
The thefts, between Thursday evening, 8 December, and Friday morning, 9 December, happened a fortnight after 31 drain covers were taken in Redditch.
The latest thefts happened in the Woodrow Drive, Greenlands Drive, Woodrow North Terrace area. The drain covers were worth around £4,000.
The previous thefts, which happened between Thursday 24 November and Friday 25 November, were in the Arthur Street, Costers Lane, Broad Ground Road, Stonepits Lane, and Walkwood Road areas.
West Mercia Police is liaising with Worcestershire County Council Highways over the thefts.
The force's Crime Reduction Advisor for Worcestershire, Mr Peter Aston, said: "During the previous spate of thefts a car was damaged by driving across a missing drain cover, and it is only a matter of time before a pedestrian or cyclist is seriously injured.
"Furthermore, the cost of replacing drain covers obviously has to come out of the public purse and so it is in the interests of all of us to be vigilant.
"Officers are proactive in stopping and checking vehicles carrying scrap, and in visiting scrap yards, but residents, night shift workers, and dog walkers can all help by watching out for people acting suspiciously at night or early in a morning.
Anything suspicious should be reported to police on 0300 333 3000, ideally while the crime is in progress, and if possible witnesses are asked to note the registration number of the vehicle. Alternatively calls can be made anonymously to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.


text:
Q: Had to use POST for GET job for security reasons, Is there any alternate approach to without compromising api naming conventions? We are using POST /xxx/usage/get instead of using GET /xxx/usage for security reasons, As per API naming conventions verbs are not allowed to be used in resource path. But we are using POST instead of GET to avoid sending some sensitive information over query param, What would be the best way to identify the URI has Get job??
Option 1: use GET method, since security is primary concern. its is avoided.
Option 2: While using POST, use naming convention to tell its actually a GET job without compromising naming convention. I am thinking of using POST /xxx/usage/queries.

A:
we are using POST instead of GET to avoid sending some sensitive information over query param, What would be the best way to identify the URI has Get job??

You don't.
In REST, URI are opaque -- clients are not supposed to make any assumptions based on the spelling of the identifiers.  Any information encoded into the identifier is done at the server's discretion and for its own exclusive use.
When you communicate that a resource responds to POST messages (whether that be by documentation, hypermedia, or options), you are communicating a specific messaging semantic that cannot be overridden by changing the spelling of the identifier.
As far as REST is concerned
POST /7fa070bc-4e98-4bd1-b525-d5564b918e4c

is perfectly fine.  Not as human readable as we might like, but human readability is optional.
You'll want to stick with the recommendations in RFC 3986; here, that really just means that any path segments should align with your link hierarchy.
Most spelling conventions for uri focus on identifying the noun -- what is the integration resource that handles this particular request.  Note that its the identifier for the resource, not the method -- if its suitable for GET, it is fine for POST as well, generally.
So you can replace
GET /xxx/usage?sensitive-information-here

with
POST /xxx/usage

sensitive-information-here

But
POST /xxx/usage/queries

is also fine; so you can go with that, so long as it doesn't violate your local spelling conventions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package common.control;

import org.trianacode.taskgraph.Unit;
import org.trianacode.taskgraph.constants.ControlToolConstants;
import org.trianacode.taskgraph.imp.RenderingHintImp;
import org.trianacode.taskgraph.tool.Tool;

/**
 * Makes a tool into a Control Tool
 *
 * @author Ian Wang
 * @version $Revision: 2921 $
 */
public class MakeControlTool extends Unit {

    // parameter data type definitions
    private String controlname = "";
    private String description = "";
    private boolean toplevel;
    private boolean standalone;

    /*
     * Called whenever there is data for the unit to process
     */

    public void process() throws Exception {
        Tool input = (Tool) getInputAtNode(0);

        RenderingHintImp hint = new RenderingHintImp(ControlToolConstants.CONTROL_TOOL_RENDERING_HINT, false);
        if (!controlname.equals("")) {
            hint.setRenderingDetail(ControlToolConstants.CONTROL_NAME, controlname);
        }

        hint.setRenderingDetail(ControlToolConstants.DESCRIPTION, description);
        hint.setRenderingDetail(ControlToolConstants.VALID_TOP_LEVEL, String.valueOf(toplevel));
        hint.setRenderingDetail(ControlToolConstants.VALID_STANDALONE, String.valueOf(standalone));

        input.addRenderingHint(hint);

        output(input);
    }

    /**
     * Called when the unit is created. Initialises the unit's properties and parameters.
     */
    public void init() {
        super.init();

        // Initialise node properties
        setDefaultInputNodes(1);
        setMinimumInputNodes(1);
        setMaximumInputNodes(1);

        setDefaultOutputNodes(1);
        setMinimumOutputNodes(0);
        setMaximumOutputNodes(Integer.MAX_VALUE);

        // Initialise parameter update policy and output policy
        setParameterUpdatePolicy(PROCESS_UPDATE);
        setOutputPolicy(COPY_OUTPUT);

        // Initialise pop-up description and help file location
        setPopUpDescription("Makes a tool into a Control Tool");
        setHelpFileLocation("MakeControlTool.html");

        // Define initial value and type of parameters
        defineParameter("controlname", "", USER_ACCESSIBLE);
        defineParameter("description", "", USER_ACCESSIBLE);
        defineParameter("toplevel", "true", USER_ACCESSIBLE);
        defineParameter("standalone", "true", USER_ACCESSIBLE);

        // Initialise GUI builder interface
        String guilines = "";
        guilines += "Control Name $title controlname TextField\n";
        guilines += "Description $title description TextField\n";
        guilines += "Valid Top-Level $title toplevel Checkbox true\n";
        guilines += "Valid Standalone $title standalone Checkbox true\n";
        setGUIBuilderV2Info(guilines);
    }

    /**
     * Called when the unit is reset. Restores the unit's variables to values specified by the parameters.
     */
    public void reset() {
        // Set unit variables to the values specified by the parameters
        controlname = (String) getParameter("controlname");
        description = (String) getParameter("description");
        toplevel = new Boolean((String) getParameter("toplevel")).booleanValue();
        standalone = new Boolean((String) getParameter("standalone")).booleanValue();
    }

    /**
     * Called when the unit is disposed of.
     */
    public void dispose() {
        // Insert code to clean-up MakeControlTool (e.g. close open files)
    }

    /**
     * Called a parameters is updated (e.g. by the GUI)
     */
    public void parameterUpdate(String paramname, Object value) {
        // Code to update local variables
        if (paramname.equals("controlname")) {
            controlname = (String) value;
        }

        if (paramname.equals("description")) {
            description = (String) value;
        }

        if (paramname.equals("toplevel")) {
            toplevel = new Boolean((String) value).booleanValue();
        }

        if (paramname.equals("standalone")) {
            standalone = new Boolean((String) value).booleanValue();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return an array of the types accepted by each input node. For node indexes not covered the types specified by
     *         getInputTypes() are assumed.
     */
    public String[][] getNodeInputTypes() {
        return new String[0][0];
    }

    /**
     * @return an array of the input types accepted by nodes not covered by getNodeInputTypes().
     */
    public String[] getInputTypes() {
        return new String[]{"triana.taskgraph.Tool"};
    }

    /**
     * @return an array of the types output by each output node. For node indexes not covered the types specified by
     *         getOutputTypes() are assumed.
     */
    public String[][] getNodeOutputTypes() {
        return new String[0][0];
    }

    /**
     * @return an array of the input types output by nodes not covered by getNodeOutputTypes().
     */
    public String[] getOutputTypes() {
        return new String[]{"triana.taskgraph.Tool"};
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We are hiring company drivers.
Best product and prices in town!
A Wholesale & Retail Company!
Our product line includes numerous types of mulch and stone. Each product is stock-piled in our yard year round. This enables you, our customer, to receive all your materials even during the busiest months.
The quality of our products are unbeatable. You will get a consistent product with each and every purchase. Customer service is our number one priority both in the yard and for your delivery needs. Our friendly staff is always ready to assist you.
Stop by and take a look around!


An all in one Gift Card for all needs. Purchase gas, snacks, car washes and so much more at over 1,500 retail Petro-Canada locations! Petro-Canada Gift Card can be used in conjunction with any other form of payment accepted at Petro-Canada including cash and credit or debit cards. So you enjoy the full value of the card. Petro-Canada gift card cannot be used to purchase other gift cards.
*PETRO-CANADA Gift Card, Logos, Slogans And Related Marks Are The Property Of Suncor Energy Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This Gift Card can be used in conjunction with any other form of payment accepted at Petro-Canada including cash and credit or debit cards. Simply offer Petro-Canada Gift Card at cash counter to pay for your shoppings.
Present this card as payment at any participating Petro-Canada retail store. Petro-PointsTM awarded upon usage, not card purchase. Please protect your card as you would cash. Lost, stolen, or cards used without authorization cannot be replaces or replenished. Card cannot be redeemed for cash. This card cannot be used to purchase other gift cards. Use of this card constitutes acceptance of the terms and conditions of this card and the card carrier. Card is the property of and issued by Suncor Energy/Products Partnership.


Justin, WHAT DO YOU MEAN YOU MESSED UP THE WORDS? It's your song, bro.
At a special acoustic show in Toronto, Canada, Justin Bieber totally blanked on the lyrics to one of his own Christmas songs.
Before starting the performance, JB seemed a little out of it when he asked the audience some questions.
He wanted to know if there were any 14-year-olds in the audience and then counted on his fingers how many years it would be until they turned 18.
All right, all right. Maybe math isn't Justin's strong suit. He has more than enough talents, so whatever.
But then, Justin totally f*cked up the lyrics to his song "Christmas Eve" from his Christmas album, Under The Mistletoe.
What the f*ck are the words?
Justin ended up just skipping straight to the second verse and kept going. What a performer.
I did wonder why his Christmas album was so damn underrated, but maybe it's because not even JB knows the songs on it.
Good try, Biebs. I still love you.


Company Information KOOPERATYVNE PIDPRYIEMSTVO "ARKADIVSKE"
Get key facts about the KOOPERATYVNE PIDPRYIEMSTVO "ARKADIVSKE" counterparty. Legal information about this counterparty will assist company founders in making decisions about whether to work with this business partner. This profile can be found in open government registries. This collection of data can be accessed using the tax number for the counterparty with registration number 30926019. Based on a firm's identification number, known as the record number in the unified state register of enterprises and organizations for entities that are not natural persons, it can be determined in which city a given firm is located. For instance, KOOPERATYVNE PIDPRYIEMSTVO "ARKADIVSKE" is located in Other cities according to our catalog for the letter K, and the legal address of this counterparty is at 63600, VILLAGE INSHI NASELENI PUNKTY, STREET LENINA, BUILDING 39. Furthermore, our tool can uncover even more in-depth profiles.
Company Data KOOPERATYVNE PIDPRYIEMSTVO "ARKADIVSKE"
Our database contains information about owners and signatories, including full names of these stakeholders, which can be accessed by entering the enterprise code on our site. The shareholders of KOOPERATYVNE PIDPRYIEMSTVO "ARKADIVSKE" include its liquidator Derkach Svitlana Stepanivna. With the full version of our site you can find legal decisions related to this company, information from the tax registry, and information about this company's amount of starting capital. This company is registered legally as either a KOOPERATYVY. See other companies in Other cities or under the letter K in our catalog.


text:
Unsung Heroes In Chicago History: Rube Foster, 'Father Of Black Baseball'
In the early 1900s, before integration, Chicagoan Andrew "Rube" Foster was a key player and manager in the Negro leagues.
By Meha Ahmad
Feb. 8, 2021, 2:08 p.m. CT
Members of the Chicago American Giants pose for a team portrait in 1914 in Chicago. (L to R) (Front row) Billy "Little Corporal" Francis, Richard "Dick" Whitworth, Joseph Preston "Pete" Hill, Andrew "Rube" Foster, Bruce Petway, James "Pete" Booker, unidentified. (Back row) Bill Gatewood, Jesse Barber (aka Barbour), Leroy Grant, John Henry "Pop" Lloyd, Robert "Jude" Gans.
Throughout Black History Month, Reset will highlight a few of the unsung heroes in Chicago's history. We start with Andrew "Rube" Foster, the so-called "Father of Black Baseball" and manager of the Chicago Union Giants.
GUEST: Larry Lester, baseball historian and author of Rube Foster in His Time: On the Field and in the Papers with Black Baseball's Greatest Visionary
Mr. Cub Ernie Banks Named Legendary Landmark
Mar. 8, 2010 read more
Cubs reflect on Jackie Robinson
April 15, 2013 read more
How the Negro Leagues Worked
Sept. 1, 2016 read more


text:
Q: MySql Query Order BY datetime and Group By Id issue Having issue with this query
there is 3 rows in comments table with different date-times, I want customer list with last comment created_date / updated_date.
 but didn't getting last commented customer with group by customer
SELECT * FROM(
SELECT MAX(comments.`date_updated`), customer.id AS vid, comments.`date_updated` AS dts, comments.`id` AS comments_id, comments.* FROM customer
INNER JOIN comments ON comments.`customer_id` = customer.`id`
 WHERE customer.`id` IN ('')
) AS v
GROUP BY v.`vid` LIMIT 0,50

A: You use a self join to comments table and filter row for each customer with latest date_updated
SELECT c.id AS vid, co.`date_updated` AS dts, co.`id` AS comments_id, co.*
FROM customer c
INNER JOIN comments co ON co.`customer_id` = c.`id`
LEFT JOIN comments co1 ON co.`customer_id` = co1.`customer_id` AND co.date_updated < co1.date_updated
WHERE co1.customer_id IS NULL  AND c.`id` IN ('')

Or with inner join
SELECT c.id AS vid, co.`date_updated` AS dts, co.`id` AS comments_id, co.*
FROM customer c
INNER JOIN comments co ON co.`customer_id` = c.`id`
INNER JOIN (
    SELECT customer_id, MAX(date_updated) date_updated
    FROM comments
    GROUP BY customer_id
) co1 ON co.customer_id = co1.customer_id AND co.date_updated =  co1.date_updated
WHERE c.`id` IN ('')

A: You forgot order by clause
SELECT * FROM(
SELECT MAX(comments.`date_updated`), customer.id AS vid, comments.`date_updated` AS dts, comments.`id` AS comments_id, comments.* FROM customer
INNER JOIN comments ON comments.`customer_id` = customer.`id`
 WHERE customer.`id` IN ('')
) AS v
GROUP BY v.`vid` LIMIT 0,50
ORDER BY created_date desc;


Is Kaddour Mohamed Farid Moustafa the best dentist in North Lebanon, Tripoli, Churches st?
I've only lived in town for a few months and have not been to any dentist yet but now I need to go.
I head a story from my sister that said its gone wrong before but that was not a patient of Kaddour Mohamed Farid Moustafa!.
Kaddour Mohamed Farid Moustafa is located in North Lebanon, Tripoli, Churches st, LB.
Would any recommend Ghazzawi Moustafa Mohamed?
Should I go to Moustafa Ziad Bassam?
Is Dent-Art / Dental Office Schraepen the best option?
Would you recommend Waked Nabil Elie?
Is Fayad Dental Clinic a good dentist?
Would any recommend CHR de la Citadelle-Site Citadelle?


text:
Change in Coordination Across Phases of Psychotherapy and Outcome: Two Mechanisms for the Role Played by Patients' Contribution to the Alliance
Michael A. Westerman, Jeffrey P. Foote, Arnold Winston
This article investigated the mechanisms underlying associations between patients' contribution to the alliance and outcome by examining relations between change in the alliance over the course of treatment and improvement in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (STDP) and Brief Adaptive Psychotherapy (BAP). Findings for STDP were consistent with 1 model about the role played by the alliance, according to which change in the alliance over the course of therapy is the vehicle for overall improvement. Results for BAP were consistent with the other main position proposed in the literature, which argues that a positive alliance provides the foundation for successful treatment. Discussion includes suggesting that it might prove useful in future research to group therapy approaches in terms of these 2 models and that this idea may explain 2 apparently contradictory sets of findings from previous studies on relations between change in the alliance and outcome.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Westerman, M. A., Foote, J. P., & Winston, A. (1995). Change in Coordination Across Phases of Psychotherapy and Outcome: Two Mechanisms for the Role Played by Patients' Contribution to the Alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(4), 672-675.
Change in Coordination Across Phases of Psychotherapy and Outcome : Two Mechanisms for the Role Played by Patients' Contribution to the Alliance. / Westerman, Michael A.; Foote, Jeffrey P.; Winston, Arnold.
In: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 63, No. 4, 08.1995, p. 672-675.
Westerman, MA, Foote, JP & Winston, A 1995, 'Change in Coordination Across Phases of Psychotherapy and Outcome: Two Mechanisms for the Role Played by Patients' Contribution to the Alliance', Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 672-675.
Westerman MA, Foote JP, Winston A. Change in Coordination Across Phases of Psychotherapy and Outcome: Two Mechanisms for the Role Played by Patients' Contribution to the Alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995 Aug;63(4):672-675.
Westerman, Michael A. ; Foote, Jeffrey P. ; Winston, Arnold. / Change in Coordination Across Phases of Psychotherapy and Outcome : Two Mechanisms for the Role Played by Patients' Contribution to the Alliance. In: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995 ; Vol. 63, No. 4. pp. 672-675.
@article{e079687e4c564c539e43e7d0f809fd78,
title = "Change in Coordination Across Phases of Psychotherapy and Outcome: Two Mechanisms for the Role Played by Patients' Contribution to the Alliance",
abstract = "This article investigated the mechanisms underlying associations between patients' contribution to the alliance and outcome by examining relations between change in the alliance over the course of treatment and improvement in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (STDP) and Brief Adaptive Psychotherapy (BAP). Findings for STDP were consistent with 1 model about the role played by the alliance, according to which change in the alliance over the course of therapy is the vehicle for overall improvement. Results for BAP were consistent with the other main position proposed in the literature, which argues that a positive alliance provides the foundation for successful treatment. Discussion includes suggesting that it might prove useful in future research to group therapy approaches in terms of these 2 models and that this idea may explain 2 apparently contradictory sets of findings from previous studies on relations between change in the alliance and outcome.",
author = "Westerman, {Michael A.} and Foote, {Jeffrey P.} and Arnold Winston",
journal = "Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology",
publisher = "American Psychological Association Inc.",
T1 - Change in Coordination Across Phases of Psychotherapy and Outcome
T2 - Two Mechanisms for the Role Played by Patients' Contribution to the Alliance
AU - Westerman, Michael A.
AU - Foote, Jeffrey P.
AU - Winston, Arnold
N2 - This article investigated the mechanisms underlying associations between patients' contribution to the alliance and outcome by examining relations between change in the alliance over the course of treatment and improvement in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (STDP) and Brief Adaptive Psychotherapy (BAP). Findings for STDP were consistent with 1 model about the role played by the alliance, according to which change in the alliance over the course of therapy is the vehicle for overall improvement. Results for BAP were consistent with the other main position proposed in the literature, which argues that a positive alliance provides the foundation for successful treatment. Discussion includes suggesting that it might prove useful in future research to group therapy approaches in terms of these 2 models and that this idea may explain 2 apparently contradictory sets of findings from previous studies on relations between change in the alliance and outcome.
AB - This article investigated the mechanisms underlying associations between patients' contribution to the alliance and outcome by examining relations between change in the alliance over the course of treatment and improvement in Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (STDP) and Brief Adaptive Psychotherapy (BAP). Findings for STDP were consistent with 1 model about the role played by the alliance, according to which change in the alliance over the course of therapy is the vehicle for overall improvement. Results for BAP were consistent with the other main position proposed in the literature, which argues that a positive alliance provides the foundation for successful treatment. Discussion includes suggesting that it might prove useful in future research to group therapy approaches in terms of these 2 models and that this idea may explain 2 apparently contradictory sets of findings from previous studies on relations between change in the alliance and outcome.
JO - Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
JF - Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology


text:
TAG Heuer unveils new TAG Heuer Aquaracer Ladies for a life of leisure and experiences
Three new models for women capture the laid-back lifestyle at sea without compromising on the diving functionalities the Aquaracer line is known for
14 August 2019 Dan-Andrei For her, News
TAG Heuer Aquaracer Ladies WBD131D.BA0748
La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland – August 2019: Equipped with features and functions that suit an active lifestyle on land and at sea, the TAG Heuer Aquaracer Ladies is a stylish professional tool that reflects TAG Heuer's daring spirit. With three new 35 mm models, the innovative Swiss watchmaker has created the ultimate timepiece for a life of rewarding experiences – because no dive to deepest depths or climb to the highest summit is complete without taking a moment to enjoy the view.
TAG Heuer Aquaracer Ladies WBD131A.FT6170
True-blue design
The most eye-catching aspect of the new 35 mm Aquaracer models is the splash of blue – a deep and enchanting shade that evokes feelings of blissful days spent relaxing on a yacht. The blue dial has a reflective sunray effect and engraved sand-wave pattern reminiscent of the gentle waves lapping on the sandy shores of a tropical beach. The stainless-steel models with a blue dial are presented on a stainless-steel bracelet or rubber strap in the same shade of blue. The cross-hatched pattern on the strap mimics the texture of sailing ropes, a touch that highlights its seafaring pedigree. The rubber strap is ideal for water sports because it is durable, comfortable, lightweight and waterproof. The third model in the collection has an elegant mother-of-pearl dial and is also presented on a blue rubber strap. A date window at 3 o'clock is found on the dial of all three models.
A professional diving instrument
The Aquaracer has always been a sports watch, and its robust design and wide range of functions make it a reliable tool on land, out on the ocean and below the waves. These three new quartz-powered models are no different. Each one has the six standard features of any Aquaracer wristwatch: unidirectional rotating bezel, sapphire crystal, screw-down crown, water resistance to 300 m (30 bar), luminescent hands and markers, and a double security clasp on the bracelet or strap.
Reliable and sophisticated, the Aquaracer is inspired by the explorations that take place beneath the surface of the ocean. For more than a century, TAG Heuer has had a deep involvement with the world of water sports, including creating timepieces that are built to withstand the most challenging conditions above and below the waves. With its comfortable bracelets and straps and elegant look, the Aquaracer for women is the ultimate sports watch, with timeless style and certified precision that pair perfectly with any look.
TAG Heuer Aquaracer Ladies WBD131D.FT6170
TAG Heuer Aquaracer Ladies
Reference WBD131D.BA0748: blue dial and stainless-steel bracelet – 1,700$
Reference WBD131D.FT6170: blue dial and blue rubber strap – 1,550$
Reference WBD131A.FT6170: mother-of-pearl dial and blue rubber strap – 1,400$
Date, hour, minute and seconds
Diameter 35 mm, stainless-steel case, unidirectional rotating bezel in stainless steel, sapphire crystal with anti-reflective treatment, screw-down crown, water-resistant to 300 m (30 bar)
Blue sunray dial with engraved sand-wave pattern, rhodium-plated indexes and hands with white SuperLuminova®
Blue rubber strap or stainless-steel bracelet with diving extension, stainless-steel folding clasp with double safety push-buttons
In 1860, at the age of 20, Edouard Heuer founded his watchmaker's workshop in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland. Creating the Mikrograph in 1916, sponsoring Formula 1 teams in the 1970s or launching the first luxury connected watch in 2015 are just a few examples of the major technical innovations, ultimate accuracy and passion for disruptive design that define our unique spirit. Headquartered in La Chaux-de-Fonds, TAG Heuer operates in four production sites – mastering the whole watchmaking process – and is represented on all continents through 4,500 points of sale, including 170 TAG Heuer boutiques that are now directly available on www.tagheuer.com in selected countries. TAG Heuer timepieces are designed for those who love challenges. Our influence is enhanced by our unique communication based on three pillars: sport, lifestyle and heritage, embodying our legacy and DNA. Our partnerships and ambassadors illustrate our open-minded and open-door culture, with the most prestigious and avant-garde names teaming up with TAG Heuer: the Red Bull Racing Formula One team, the Formula 1 Monaco Grand Prix, the Formula E championship, the biggest football leagues in Europe, the Americas and Asia, Manchester United, trendsetter Cara Delevingne, and actors Chris Hemsworth and Patrick Dempsey.
#DontCrackUnderPressure is much more than just a claim – it's a state of mind. Find out more at www.tagheuer.com
Instagram: @tagheuer, Twitter: @TAGHeuer, Facebook: www.facebook.com/TAGHeuer
News: Doxa Watches headquarters in Switzerland officially regained 100% authority over the name and website http://www.doxawatches.com/
SINN DUOFLEX – The Diving Strap System
Rolls-Royce Carbon Veil
27 March 2022 Dan-Andrei Automotive, Lifestyle
Reading Time: 3 minutes Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Dubai, AGMC, is delighted to present a truly remarkable example of Bespoke artwork created for the marque's pinnacle product, Phantom. The Carbon Veil has been specially developed for the Gallery area in the fascia, a feature unique to Phantom, where owners can choose to display an original […]
Grail Watch 4: Bell & Ross x Alain Silberstein Black Ceramic Trilogy
7 January 2023 Dan-Andrei News
Reading Time: 6 minutes For Grail Watch 4, Alain Silberstein turns dream into reality and takes the Bell & Ross square-cased watch into his world of whimsical geometric forms and primary colours – Grail Watch 4: Bell & Ross x Alain Silberstein Black Ceramic Trilogy.
Panerai Luminor Marina Carbotech Blu Notte
14 September 2021 Dan-Andrei News
Reading Time: 3 minutes From developing the groundbreaking luminescent material Luminor to inventing its patented crown protecting device, the history of Panerai abounds with technical and aesthetic advances. The arrival of the Luminor Marina Carbotech Blu Notte stands as another milestone for the brand, which ally Italian style and Swiss technical mastery; it is […]


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text:
Professor Ian Paterson FRS FRSE
Email: ip100@cam.ac.uk
Website: http://www.ch.cam.ac.uk/person/ip100
Website: http://www-paterson.ch.cam.ac.uk/
University Positions Professor of Organic Chemistry
Subjects Natural Sciences (Physical)
Specialising in Chemistry
Ian Paterson is a Professor of Organic Chemistry and has been a Fellow of Jesus College since 1983.
Ian Paterson's academic interests include:
Natural products chemistry
Anticancer natural products and analogues
Asymmetric reaction processes.
BSc Hons Chemistry, St Andrews University.
PhD Chemistry, University of Cambridge.
Ian Paterson was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2005, the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2010, and the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2014.
He has received the following awards and prizes from the Royal Society of Chemistry:
Natural Product Chemistry Award, 2014
Tilden Prize, 2009
Robert Robinson Award, 2004
Synthetic Organic Chemistry Award, 2001
Bader Prize, 1996
Hickinbottom Research Fellowship, 1989
Meldola Medal and Prize, 1983.
He also won the Pfizer Award in Chemistry in 1990 and 1993, and the ICI (AstraZeneca) Award in Organic Chemistry in 1990.
Ian Paterson was born and educated in Dundee, Scotland, and has had a distinguished academic career at Cambridge and beyond:
University of St Andrews, BSc Hons I, 1972-76.
University of Cambridge, PhD, 1976-79; Junior Research Fellow, 1979.
Columbia University, New York, NATO/SERC Postdoctoral Research Fellow, 1979-80.
University College London, Lecturer in Chemistry, 1980-83.
University of Cambridge: Lecturer 1983-97; Reader in Organic Chemistry 1997-2001; Professor of Organic Chemistry 2001 to present; Jesus College Fellow, 1983 to present.
Travel, gardening.
http://www.ch.cam.ac.uk
The Veterinary Medicine course here at Cambridge always feels different to how I view the subject is taught at other universities. The strong focus on basic science provides a brilliant background in scientific thinking which can be applied to practice as well as opening doors into research careers.
Through small group teaching at Jesus and even in the whole year group lectures of 65 students, I'm getting excellent personal support from the staff. Within the Jesus College community I've made friends across all subject areas and we have easy...
Natural Sciences (Biological)
I am a second year Natural Scientist at Jesus College studying biochemistry, cell and developmental biology and chemistry. I was particularly drawn to this course as it offers a wide range of both physical and biological subjects, with the opportunity to increasingly specialise over the years. For me studying in this multidisciplinary environment has been hugely beneficial and will be a great advantage for later research.
For Natural Science students, a lot of the contact time is at the University level. I have really enjoyed the opportunity to meet...
I knew straight away that Jesus College was the one that I really wanted to go to. It is a beautiful and old College steeped in traditions and everyone I have met here has been lovely and supportive, which makes all the hard work so worthwhile. Classics here is really strong, with a number of eminent scholars teaching us on a regular basis who all specialise in different fields. I feel very privileged to be learning from them.
Classics is such a varied degree because it incorporates languages, history,...
The best element of this course is its multidisciplinary approach to the study of education, and the incorporation of other subject areas. The incredible diversity of a week's lectures has challenged me to think holistically and to write with versatility. As someone with very wide interests, I have thoroughly enjoyed the breadth of subjects spanned on the course, and it has allowed me to find areas of particular interest in which to specialise in my final year.
The drama papers are excitingly full of potential to work with your...


text:
Q: MySQL crashing randomly We have a sever running a website Joomla 2.5. We are facing frequent mysql crashes that occur when website has medium visitor load like a few thousands. It appears that mysql consumes more memory and is killed by OOM killer. Currently if I look for memory consumption for mysql using top command, it says that mysql process is consuming 17% of memory. Normally the server shows upto 45% of total memory used. But when mysql crashes, system memory is recorded to be between 70% to 95% or sometimes 100%.
I have a feeling that its mysql memory settings (I think we have set huge values for different variables) which cause it to consume that much memory at peak traffic hours. Or it is the myisam tables in Joomla 2.5 that are causing it to crash due to locking of tables. Please suggest your thoughts.
Error from mysql.log is as follows,
140720 17:07:42 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
140720 17:07:42  InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 512.0M
140720 17:07:42  InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not match
InnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles!
140720 17:07:42  InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite
InnoDB: buffer...
140720 17:07:42  InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 2 2605701970
140720 17:07:42 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
140720 17:07:42 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.1.73-0ubuntu0.10.04.1'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  (Ubuntu)

Our server:
CPU GenuineIntel, Intel(R) Xeon(R)CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHzcpu MHz : 1600.000
RAM : 1Gb
Hdd : 50Gb
OS Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS

my.cnf :
max_connections = 250
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
query_cache_type = 1
key_buffer = 16M
read_buffer_size = 128K
join_buffer_size = 128K
connect_timeout = 10
max_connect_errors = 10
max_allowed_packet = 16M
tmp_table_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=40M
innodb_log_buffer_size=40M
innodb_thread_concurrency=2
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

dmesg:
[276924.125161] Out of memory in UB 506518: OOM killed process 281 (mysqld) score 0 vm:983808kB, rss:119628kB, swap:57936kB

[276925.533666] Out of memory in UB 506518: OOM killed process 3473 (mysqld) score 0 vm:787876kB, rss:109864kB, swap:0kB

[305509.131154] Out of memory in UB 506518: OOM killed process 3553 (mysqld) score 0 vm:975140kB, rss:171960kB, swap:2068kB

[305619.694154] Out of memory in UB 506518: OOM killed process 10708 (mysqld) score 0 vm:973964kB, rss:161364kB, swap:0kB

[305621.875432] Out of memory in UB 506518: OOM killed process 11511 (mysqld) score 0 vm:841912kB, rss:152136kB, swap:0kB

[305622.938979] Out of memory in UB 506518: OOM killed process 11564 (mysqld) score 0 vm:841912kB, rss:120208kB, swap:0kB

[305623.061948] Out of memory in UB 506518: OOM killed process 11887 (mysqld) score 0 vm:789944kB, rss:115932kB, swap:0kB

[402005.199523] Out of memory in UB 506518: OOM killed process 12428 (mysqld) score 0 vm:982588kB, rss:162872kB, swap:11432kB

A: the Out-of-memory process (oom) killer terminated your mysql process because it was trying to use more memory than was available. Calculating memory usage in MySQL exactly is very difficult, but once you understand how MySQL allocates memory system-wide and to each connection, you can get a pretty good idea of how much memory is likely to be used. Keep in mind that a big challenge here is figuring out how many connections are open simultaneously and how much each one is doing, since the amount of time a connection hangs around waiting to be reused is settable with server system variables as well.
There are a few tools out there that can help you get a good overview of what the server memory allocation should look like and where potential problems may lie in your current configuration. So long as you're not 100% reliant on any one. mysqltuner.pl will give you a great starting point, and possibly get you close enough to resolve your issue completely. Percona's MySQL Configuration Wizard is very good at generating optimal initial configurations. Run the wizard, generate a configuration, install it, and see how mysqltuner.pl disagrees with it.
You will immediately see that you're miles ahead of where you started in terms of a good configuration, and that it's a complex enough topic that there are many different preferences, priorities, levels of expertise, and areas of focus in deciding what a good configuration looks like, but there's also some numbers that are unquestionably better than others.
As others have mentioned, the reality is that to get good performance you will need a server with more RAM, but setting it up will be easier with the Percona wizard as well as mysqltuner.pl.
Finally, here is a great introduction to what MySQL does with memory. It's from some MySQL documentation I saved years ago, but I could not find the original source just now:
    Mysql Server Memory Usage = Sum of Global Buffers +
        (number of Connection * Per thread memory variables).
    Global buffers include:
        key_buffer_size: key_buffer_size is the size of the buffer used
            for index blocks.
        innodb_buffer_pool_size: The size in bytes of the memory buffer
            InnoDB uses to cache data and indexes of its tables.
        innodb_additional_mem_pool_size: The size in bytes of a memory pool
            InnoDB uses to store data dictionary information and other
            internal data structures.
        innodb_log_buffer_size: The size in bytes of the buffer that InnoDB
            uses to write to the log files on disk.
        query_cache_limit: The amount of memory allocated for caching query
            results.
    Each thread for client connection uses:
        thread_stack – The stack size for each thread.
        net_buffer_length – connection buffer
        max_allowed_packet – up to this size net_buffer_length can grow
        read_buffer_size – used for sequential table scan
        rean_rnd_buffer_size – used for random read buffer / sorting
        tmp_table_size – temporary / hash tables in mysql
        sort_buffer_size – for sorting
    Per thread variables include:
        read_buffer_size: Buffer memory used for sequential table scan.
        read_rnd_buffer_size: Memory used for random read buffer / sorting.
        sort_buffer_size: Memory allocated for sorting, Group By, Order By.
        join_buffer_size: The size of the buffer that is used for plain index
            scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use indexes and
            thus perform full table scans.
        thread_stack: The stack size for each thread.
        net_buffer_length: Connection buffer
        max_allowed_packet: Up to this size net_buffer_length can grow.
    Note that,
        If size increases or if table have blob columns, instead of heap
            tables on-disk tables created.
        Memory for variables read_buffer_size, sort_buffer_size,
            read_rnd_buffer_size, tmp_table_size are allocated as & when
            required. They are also de-allocated once the task is
            accomplished.

A: Your current settings over-commit memory.
Try echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory or lower mysql memory usage


text:
Q: Add more layers in seq2seq model In the sample seq2seq code given by fchollet, how can I add more LSTM layers to the encoder and decoder? I'm having some trouble with the shapes and a bit confused in general. Thanks.

A: Keras' functional api lets you call layers. This lets you chain another layer on top the output of an existing layer by calling it. For example here:
encoder_inputs = Input(shape=(None, num_encoder_tokens))
encoder = LSTM(latent_dim, return_sequences=True)
encoder_outputs, state_h, state_c = LSTM(latent_dim, return_state=True)(encoder(encoder_inputs))