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Suffolk History
Physiographic And Prehistoric
The Roman Occupation-Earlier Section
The Roman Occupation – Later Section
Earlier Saxon Times
Later Saxon Times.
The Normans
The Norman Period.
Early Plantagenet Times.
Early Plantagenet Times – Continued
Edward III. And Richard II.
Colleges, Lollards, Pilgrimages, Etc.
Perpendicular Architecture-Domestic Life-Sir Tames Tyrell-Trentals-Lord Mayors.
The Tudors And Stuarts
Henry VIII. And Edward VI.
Queen Mary.
Queen Elizabeth.
Early Stuart Period.
From The Long Parliament To The Revolution.
The Glorious Revolution
Suffolk During The Reigns Of William III., Anne, And George I.
Later Days.
Ethnology, Surnames, Dialect, Folk-Lore.
To trace the history of agricultural improvement and agricultural depression in Suffolk would be a task only suited for an expert with ample space for unfolding his subject. We will note, firstly, the conversion of many hundred acres of heath-land into arable in the south-east of the county by the application of crag by way of manure. Kirby, treating of the parish of Levington, tells us that though this method had been long known in the west, it was accidentally discovered there by Edmund Edwards, about 1718. Later on, when corn fetched a price, much old pasture was broken up, and to such an extent that the practice had to be generally checked in leases. Things are sadly changed now, and were it not for the delay in forming grass-lands, the reverse process would be taking place all over the country. Hop-growing, though Bullein, in his "Bulwarke of Defence", speaks of it as at Bruisyard in particular, and says that in many places they brew with hops growing on their own grounds, has declined nearly to vanishing-point. A Kentish traveller passing by Stowmarket may for a few minutes fancy himself in his own county; but with the exception of about ten acres at Rushmere, near Ipswich, which had a reputation for fine hops in the early part of this century, it would be hard to find another instance. Flax was cultivated on a broad slip of soil, about twenty-five miles by ten, from Eye to Beccles. The exhausting character of the crop has no doubt operated as a cause for its disuse, but there is something more potent in the reign of King Cotton.
Arthur Young, of Bradfield Combust, though as a farmer practically unsuccessful, was able by his writings to bring agriculture under the notice of the more refined classes, and thus deserves a few grateful words. His father was a Prebendary of Canterbury, and Rector of Bradfield Combust. Of all his works, the "Farmer's Tour through the East of England" (1771) of course concerns us most. But it occupies four volumes, and must be read to be appreciated. About ten years after its appearance, which ominously coincided with his own failure in an Essex farm, he is found farming in Bradfield, and in 1787 he made the first of those French tours by which he is best known. One scene, in which he talked with a poor woman, not twenty-eight, but looking sixty, as he walked uphill, bridle in hand, who told him that she had heard somewhere, in some manner, something is to be done for the poor, is quoted in Carlyle's "French Revolution", in the chapter so appropriately entitled "The General Overturn". Shortly after his French tours a Board of Agriculture was established, and Mr. Young was its first secretary. He became blind in 1811, died in London in 1820, and lies in Bradfield Church.
In later political history the most prominent Suffolk figures are Charles, Marquis Cornwallis, and Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. The former family was settled at Brome very early in the fifteenth century, when the male issue of Robert Buckton, lord of that manor, failed, and the heiress married the son of Thomas Cornwaleys, a London merchant. Our previous chapters have given glimpses of this household at Brome. In addition may be named Sir Frederick, first Baronet of the name in 1627, and created Baron Cornwallis of Eye in 1661, who rescued Lord Wilmot at Cropredy Bridge; and his son Charles, who, though a Tory, adhered to the Revolution and became Lord-Lieutenant of the county. Then came the first Earl, and then the second Earl and first Marquis, of whom we speak. He was born in London, was returned for the family borough of Eye while a young man, but seems to have been opposed to the extreme views entertained by many of his party with regard to the American question. Yet he accepted a command against the colonists, defeated Gates at Camden in 1780, and successfully resisted Greene at Guilford in 1781. His surrender at York Town, Virginia, in the following October, resulted in no censure to him, though it was the overthrow of the Imperial cause in the War of Independence. After five years' comparative retirement he became Governor-General of India, in which office he continued seven years; and his administration was marked by the crushing of Tippoo Saib's power, and constant efforts for the amelioration of the lot of the vast population intrusted to British care. After an interval he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and in 1798 suppressed the French-Irish rebellion at Ballinamuck. He showed more ability in the subsequent settlement of Ireland than in the diplomacy which resulted in the peace of Amiens. Shortly after resuming the Governor-Generalship of India he died in Ghazipur, in 1805.
The Duke of Grafton does not pose in the letters of Junius as an eminently estimable character, but those invectives require a deduction. He was in office under Governments acting on different principles, and for some time during the illness of the Earl of Chatham was practically Prime Minister. In 1783 he retired from the cares of office, and died at Euston in 1811. The soft tints and gentle undulations of the Stour Valley have found transmission to canvas by the genius of Gainsborough, born at Sudbury in 1727, and Constable; for though the former is best known as a portrait-painter, and Mr. Ruskin calls his landscapes "rather motives of feeling and colour than earnest studies", yet in this very respect they are in themselves important, and may be regarded as the forerunners of the landscapes of Constable.
The latter was only a boy, twelve years of age, when Gainsborough, who was attending the trial of Warren Hastings at Westminster Hall, in the spring of 1788, caught a severe chill from an open window, which ended in his death in the August of that year. Constable, whose father was a miller and yeoman at East Bergbolt, attributes his love of art to his native scenery. "I associate my careless boyhood with all that lies on the banks of the Stour: those scenes made me a painter, and I am grateful". Proud of his district, he remarked on its beauty to a fellow-traveller as they were crossing the valley in the old coaching-days. "Yes, sir", replied the stranger, "this is Constable's country". In order that the conversation should not produce embarrassing results, Constable disclosed his personality. "The Valley Farm","The Cornfield", and "The Hay Wain" in the National Gallery may be considered as inferior to none in artistic power, and to us possessed of the highest local interest. He died in full work over Arundel Mill and Castle in 1837.
George Crabbe, who was a native of Aldeburgh, began his schooling at Bungay and finished it at Stowmarket, was apprenticed in surgeries at Wickham Brook and Woodbridge, held his first curacy in his native town, and for thirteen years lived sometimes at Parham, sometimes at Rendham, and sometimes at Great Glemham.
No wonder that his poems are Suffolk-tinted in landscape and character-drawing. Of the former,
Where the blue bugloss paints the sterile soil
of the latter,
Though my clerk agreed,
If fate should call him, Ashford might succeed,
will never lose their place in the discerning mind.
Capel Lofft, of Troston Hall, is called by Byron, in the "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers", "the Maecenas of Shoemakers, and Preface-writer-General to distressed Versemen", etc. He greatly befriended the two Bloomfields, Robert and Nathaniel, of whom the former wrote the "Farmer's Boy", and many similar pieces, and the latter the "ode, elegy, or whateverhe or anyone else chooses to call it, on the enclosure of 11 'Honington Green' ".
Among other literary names connected with Suffolk are those of Giles Fletcher, Rector of Alderton-unappreciated there in the days of James I., but valued in the Victorian era; the placid Bernard Barton, who ended his forty years' residence at Woodbridge in 1849; his son-in-law, Edward Fitzgerald of Boulge, essayist and translator, the friend of Tennyson, Thackeray, and Carlyle; and Jean Ingelow, some of whose young life was spent at Ipswich.
Of naval celebrities our best-known names are those of the circumnavigator, Thomas Cavendish, of Trimley St Martin, whose freebooting expeditions terminated in his death in the Atlantic before he was forty; the popular Admiral Vernon, who took Porto Bello with six ships only, and spent his latter days at Orwell Park, where he died in 1757; Sir Edward Hughes, who served in the East Indies under much discouragement; and Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke, a native of Nacton, whose portrait adorns Ipswich Town-hall. His courage in the action of the Shannon and the Chesapeake, off Boston, June 1, 1813, is the subject of a spirited song, a great favourite at school suppers.
I reserve a short space for the two regiments of foot which have borne the name of the county-the – Twelfth or East Suffolk, and the Sixty-third or West Suffolk. The former took its rise at the Restoration, after the reconstruction of the disbanded army of the Commonwealth. One company was embodied for a guard to Windsor Castle, under the command of Henry Howard, Duke of Norfolk. When the Duke of Monmouth raised his rebellion in 1685, this company was joined with several others newly formed, and the whole constituted into a regiment called the Twelfth. The date of the Duke of Norfolk's commission as Colonel is June 20, 1685. The scene on Hounslow Heath in 1688, when the King addressed the regiment on the subject of his Declaration of Indulgence, and asked those who were not of his mind to lay down their arms, with the disappointing sequel that nearly the whole of them did so, is well known to all students of the Revolution period. In the Irish wars under William III., the Twelfth bore its full share: just balked of storming Carrickfergus by the surrender of the garrison, with Wolseley at the action between Belturbet and Cavan, in the main body at the battle of the Boyne, occupied in harassing service against the Rapparees, and dislodging the troops of James II. from Athlone and Aghrim. After the capitulation of Limerick the regiment served in Belgium. At Dettingen in 1743 and Fontenoy in 1745 it distinguished itself, and was recalled to England in the autumn. When the Highlanders attempted to hold Carlisle, it formed part of the investing force, but, being withdrawn from the North, it did not participate in the defeat of Falkirk or in the victory of Culloden.
The next active service was in the Seven Years' War. The regiment landed in Germany in 1758, and in the following year, on August 1, earned the glory of sharing with five other English infantry regiments the great traditions of Minden. A rough piece of fighting that day in a rose-garden is still commemorated by decorating the colours and adorning the helmets with garlands of roses on the anniversary of the battle. Twenty years later the gallant Twelfth won yet another notable honour. They were present throughout the siege of Gibraltar, participating with much distinction in the sortie of November 26, 1781, when the besieging works of the Spaniards were almost completely destroyed. For their arduous services the regiment received the thanks of the Sovereign and of Parliament, and the honour of wearing "Gibraltar" on the colours with the "castle and key", and the motto "Montis insignia Calpe". During the siege the regiments of infantry received the titles of different counties. For some reason the Twelfth was in 1783 designated the East Suffolk Regiment, and arrangements were made to facilitate the recruiting of the battalion from that part of our county. Regiments, like individuals, derive reputation from honourable failure as from victory, and many an East Suffolk lad perished in the privations in the Dutch campaigns of 1794 and 1795 under the Duke of York. At the close of the century the Twelfth was experiencing active service in Southern India. The regiment formed a part of the force assembled under Lieutenant-General Harris for the subjugation of Tippoo Saib. Hard fighting against the Mysorean cavalry took place at Malleville; and a sharp affair called "Shaw's Post", with the final assault on Seringapatam, will ever testify to the valour of the "Old Dozen", who led the attack on the fortress. The regiment did not return to Europe until 1817, and during its twenty-two years' service in the East further participated in the arduous campaigns against the Raja of Travancore and in the capture of the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius in :1810. For its later services the colours bear the honours of "South Africa", "New Zealand", and "Afghanistan, 1878-80". In the latter campaigns, owing to its being chiefly employed on the lines of communication, it saw a good deal of desultory fighting and underwent great hardships on convoy duty, losing a large number of men killed, wounded, and from cholera. Since 1881 the 12th Foot has become The Suffolk Regiment, of which the county is justly proud.
The Sixty-third was constituted from the second battalion of General Wolfe's 8th Foot in 1758, and received its designation as the West Suffolk Regiment in 1783. The records of the regiment had to be abandoned in the disastrous evacuation of Holland in 1795, but from the Annual Register and other sources we can still read of its achievements in the double capture of Martinique and Guadaloupe in 1759, and in 1809-10; under Lord Cornwallis in the American War of Independence, in the Crimea, and in Afghanistan, 1880.
During the campaigns in the Southern States a portion of the 63rd Regiment was mounted, and acted as cavalry under the command of Colonel Tarleton, and the records show that the 63rd Foot, whether mounted or as infantry, were in the thickest of the battles.
Eutaw Springs, an action fought by Colonel Stewart against General Greene, was an example of obstinate hard fighting; and earlier, in the year 1781, the West Suffolk Regiment was present at the attack by Lord Rawdon on Hobkirk's Hill. After nineteen years' service in the Australian colonies and in India, the Sixty-third returned to England in 1847. When the Crimean War broke out, the Sixty-third were stationed in Dublin. The regiment was twice called upon for volunteers for other regiments ordered to the East, and so hearty was the response that the battalion lost many of its best soldiers. However, when the invasion of the Crimea actually took place, the 63rd Foot were present, having embarked in the previous July for Turkey. The regiment received the three usual honours, "Alma", "Inkerman", "Sevastopol", for its services during the campaigns. As a matter of fact, it was not present at the Alma, as it formed part of the force left at Kamishlu under Colonel Torrens to clear the beach, and it only arrived at the scene of battle on the evening of September 20, after a forced march. But six weeks later it had its full share of hard fighting. Twice at critical moments at Inkerman did the Sixty-third, aligned with a wing of the 21st Fusiliers, execute gallant charges on the Russian infantry. On the second occasion no less than nine officers were stricken down, either dead or wounded; among the number was Colonel Swyny, in command. It was a hard lot for our poor fellows in the awful winter of forty years ago, of which we have just had a gentle reminder, to suffer more from the roguery of English contractors than from the enemy. In the History of the regiment, by Major James Slack, the ladies of West Suffolk, as well as those of Ireland and the Vale of Grasmere, are mentioned as having endeavoured to supplement the want caused by this iniquity. Their presents were received by the men with hearts too full for utterance. This is indeed a link between the Sixtythird and that part of our county from which it took its name. In 1881, through changes by no means welcome either to officers or men, the Sixty-third lost its number and its county designation, and is now the 1st Battalion, Manchester Regiment".
The improved navigation in the north of the county by the opening up of direct communication between Lowestoft and Norwich originated with an alderman of that city, Crisp Brown, in the earlier years of this century. A cut to the south of Breydon was first proposed, but the opposition of the Yarmouth Corporation to this or any other alteration in waterways only led to the adoption of a cut of two miles and a half from Reedham to the Waveney, the widening and deepening of Oulton Dyke, and the carrying of the canal to Lowestoft by Oulton Broad and Lake Lathing. After much opposition, this scheme was carried out, the Act of Parliament coming into operation July 3, 1827, two months after which date the first spadeful of earth was raised by Alderman Brown.
Railway communication has, of course, much lessened the importance of this enterprise, but railway history still belongs to the memory of the living, and the space devoted to earlier times has proved too much to allow of a sketch of the Great Eastern lines, which as yet have not covered all East Anglia with their network.
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Barron's MFQ
Parting the Curtain
Werner Renberg
EVER WONDER HOW your mutual funds voted on some controversial issue bearing on one of the stocks in their portfolios? Starting next year, you'll be able to find out. Under new Securities and Exchange Commission rules, U.S. mutual funds that own stocks must begin tracking their proxy votes in July and make the data available to shareholders no later than mid-2004.
The AFL-CIO, Teamsters and Domini Social Investments were the three organizations that petitioned the SEC to require funds to provide proxy disclosure, which, they argue, is needed to enhance corporate governance, prevent conflicts of interest by investment managers who run company retirement plans and to ensure that funds' votes reflect the best interest of their shareholders. In fact, the AFL-CIO's secretary-treasurer, Richard L. Trumka, is urging fund companies to start disclosing their votes on certain issues immediately.
The SEC's amendments, adopted on Jan. 23, mandate that funds:
Disclose, in statements filed with the agency and available on request to shareholders, "policies and procedures that they use to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities."
File annually with the SEC a new Form N-PX containing a "complete proxy voting record...for each matter relating to a portfolio security considered at any shareholder meeting" held during the most recent 12 months ended June 30. A form will be due every Aug. 31, beginning in 2004.
Make available to shareholders, on Websites, or by mail on request, records of how they voted proxies solicited by every company in which they invest. (Funds must advise shareholders in annual and semiannual reports how to obtain information about proxy voting.)
When the SEC proposed the rules last September, fund companies and their principal trade association, the Investment Company Institute, expressed support for the requirement to disseminate statements on proxy voting policies and procedures. Some had already been doing that.
However, the ICI and nearly all fund companies opposed the requirements to disclose individual votes. They argued that it would strip voting of confidentiality, that few shareholders had requested proxy voting information and that a "more direct and effective and less costly means" of dealing with potential conflicts is available: The SEC could require that all funds have directors oversee proxy voting, as some have been doing. The ICI and the funds also didn't like the original requirement for twice-yearly disclosure, later cut to once a year.
(In an interview, one fund lawyer said that the rules might make some funds so cautious that they would hire proxy advisers to counsel them on how to vote, as some already have done. The tab for this presumably would be picked up by shareholders.)
A few funds already disclose their votes voluntarily. Says Anita Green, social research director of Pax World Funds: "If the AFL-CIO wants to rate us on [issues voted on by its Pax Growth and Pax Balanced funds], our votes are on our Website, as they have been since 2000."
The matters on which mutual funds and other shareholders vote each year range from the crucial to the mundane. Perhaps this year's hottest topic -- expected to turn up in hundreds of proxies -- is whether companies should expense the stock-option grants they give to executives. The Financial Accounting Standards Board has been pondering whether to impose such a rule, which would cut reported earnings.
Thus far, it looks as if mutual funds aren't big fans of expensing, says Sophia Collier, president of Citizens Funds, a small mutual-fund outfit based in Portsmouth, N.H. "There have been several recent votes on the expensing of stock options that failed to pass by small margins. Although it was not clear which funds voted against expensing the options, it was clear from the overall ownership by mutual funds that the funds' votes must have been the reason the proxy failed," she observes. But Collier, whose fund group espouses socially responsible investing, says that, because their votes will now be open to scrutiny, some funds that opposed expensing may reverse course. Otherwise, they'd seem to be allying themselves with the beneficiaries of the grants, corporate managements.
The notion that mutual funds should increase disclosure about their proxy voting policies and practices has been kicking around for years. Back in 1988, Nicholas H.S. Higgins, president of Ram Trust Services, a Portland, Me., investment adviser, sought the SEC's guidance for his firm's "role with regard to proxies" for stocks in accounts it ran. His letter, which also touched on mutual funds, wasn't answered.
The letter was inspired by his uncle, Robert A.G. Monks, who then headed Institutional Shareholder Services, which provides proxy research and voting advice to institutional investors. Another high-profile supporter was Nell Minow, a Monks ally. In 1999, the two launched The Corporate Library, to sell research and advice on corporate governance. Amy Domini, founder of Domini Social Investments, which sponsors the Domini Social Equity and other funds, was another vocal proponent. Also backing proxy disclosure were labor officials, including Trumka and Teamsters' general secretary-treasurer C. Thomas Keegel. They're interested because union pension plans are heavily invested in stocks, directly or through funds.
Federal Reserve statistics show that mutual funds own about 19% of publicly traded U.S. stocks, while private pension funds and state and local government retirement funds together own 21.5%. The SEC disclosure rules, however, don't cover private pension plans, which are regulated by the Labor Department.
An ironic result: SEC employees in the 401(k)-like Thrift Savings Plan for federal employees won't benefit from the new rules. When it comes to disclosure, clarity doesn't begin at home.
Shareholders soon will learn how their funds vote; what is the hot-button corporate issue?

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Croatia might have to do without the influential midfielder Ivan Rakitic during the side's quarter final clash with Turkey tomorrow.
Rakitic is struggling with a painful knee and will undergo a fitness test just ahead of Friday's match.
"The medical staff is optimistic about his recovery. But we don't know whether his knee will keep hurting. We hope that he'll be fine," said coach Slaven Bilic.
Rakitic has been of great importance during the group phase, and takes most Croatian free kicks.
The match with Turkey will be played at 20:45 CET in Austria's capital city Vienna.


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Meet the entrepreneurs driving economic growth in the North West
Trak Global, Moneypenny, Fazenda and Mini-Cam are among some of the region's most ambitious businesses.
Throughout 2017, LDC is searching the entrepreneurial heartlands of England, Scotland and Wales as part of its Backing Business Ambition tour, to uncover and showcase Britain's most inspiring and ambitious businesses.
Today, we visit the North West.
There are more than half a million privately-owned businesses headquartered in the North West, spanning a diverse range of sectors.
And according to new research, the region's small and medium-sized businesses are set for growth. A new study by Hampshire Trust Bank and the CEBR suggests SME's economic contribution in Greater Manchester alone is set to rise from £13bn in 2016 to £17bn by 2025.
Here, we speak to four of the most ambitious businesses in the region.
From telematics company Trak Global and PA service Moneypenny, to gaucho restaurant chain Fazenda and innovative manufacturer Mini-Cam, there is one common theme emerging.
The North West is a great place to do business.
Would you like a receptionist worthy of James Bond?
"Everyone has spoken to one of our receptionists, though they may not know it," claims Ed Reeves, the co-founder of Moneypenny. "We are the largest answering service in the UK."
Founded in 2000 by Reeves and his sister Rachel Clacher, the business now employs more than 500 PAs. Each customer, whether they are a small business or a FTSE 100 company, is assigned their own receptionist.
Like all the best businesses, Moneypenny was born when the founders became frustrated with the state of play. Both ran different businesses, and one day Reeves received an angry call from a client.
"We employed an answering service to make the business look bigger than it was," he says.
"The client was cheesed off. They'd called to ask my office to put paper in the fax machine to receive an order. The lady had said 'There's nothing I can do'."
Today, Moneypenny has given a traditional industry a hi-tech makeover: it uses voice recognition and voice to text technology to reduce customer costs. It has expanded to the US and is currently weighing up other English-speaking countries.
"The growth rate in the US is already much higher than the UK," says Reeves. "And we're excited to take advantage of the vast market opportunity out there."
The duo bringing an authentic taste of South America
Bored of the themed restaurants posing as South American gaucho, Tomas Maunier and Robert Melman decided to give Britain a taste of the real Rio and Sao Paulo.
"No samba dancers, but the best cuts of meat and great wines," says Maunier.
They opened their first Fazenda in Leeds back in 2010. "People said we were crazy when we launched outside London," says Maunier.
"But we were doing something unique and within a few months, it was bustling."
They opened their second restaurant three years later in Liverpool, with its Manchester Spinningfields site following in 2014. The brand currently boasts a growth rate of 16pc.
But, that is set to skyrocket in 2018. "We are opening three Fazendas next year, starting with Edinburgh," says Maunier. Alongside the Fazenda concept, the pair has also created a pared down version, called Picanha, which has launched in Chester.
The secret to Fazenda's success is that it has been designed for return custom, claims Maunier.
"70pc of our business is repeat clientele."
The only potential bump in the road is the possible ban on European workers. Maunier says: "We rely on both European and non-European labour, but we're not going to let anything affect our long-term growth plans."
The life-saving technology born in the North West
Trak Global makes the black boxes that help insurance companies understand the driving habits of their customers in order to bring down premiums.
"We're the UK's biggest black box company with around 25pc market share," says co-founder Nick Corrie.
But that's not all. Because Trak Global's technology rewards safer drivers, it is actively reducing the number of accidents on the road. "Plenty of businesses have fast growth stories, and use complex algorithms, but we are making the world better," says Corrie.
"Fewer accidents happen."
Trak Global's customers see the value in their proposition, and the business is set to grow 75pc this year.
The company, which was founded in 2009, now operates in six countries, and has its black boxes running in more than 200,000 assets, generating a turnover of £25m.
It recently moved its technology into a smartphone app, which will accelerate uptake over the coming years.
Corrie has big ambitions for the business: "I'm not content with 'that'll do'," he says. "I look at the Silicon Valley entrepreneurs and I see no reason why a business that happens to be based in Cheshire couldn't be the global centre of this industry."
Vision to Value: International sales drive growth at Mini-Cam
Warrington-based Mini-Cam builds push cameras and crawler inspection systems that can scout out obstructions and travel through pipes that human beings either can't or don't want to enter.
Nigel Wilson, managing director at Mini-Cam, knows every single application that his machines are used for, "There's an overseas military force that uses our cameras to look down tunnels for terrorists.
"The police also use them on transport networks to help identify suspect packages. They even use them to inspect the chimneys in Buckingham Palace."
The 25-year- old business was turning over £7.6m in 2015 when it raised growth finance from LDC. The cash was used to boost international sales.
The US and Australia regions are now buoyant markets for the business, which has also made significant inroads into Germany and Scandinavia, as well as many other parts of Europe.
In the financial year to January 2016, Mini-Cam generated revenues of £10.6m as a result of its product and overseas growth strategy.
"LDC lets us get on with business," says finance director Colin White, who was appointed at the time of the deal.
"They don't pretend to be industry experts but they do know how to bring in best practice. We solve problems as a team and we drive the business forward together."
Backing business ambition in the North West
Jonathan Bell, Director and Head of LDC in the North West
Like many Northern cities, Manchester has changed dramatically over the past 50 years, moving away from its traditional industrial roots to more of a service-based economy.
We love investing in a diversified range of businesses, and Manchester offers just that. For example, right now, creative media businesses are thriving here, partly because of the relocation of the BBC to Media City.
There are also lots of technology and software businesses here because of the strong innovation and university links.
Over the past 12 months alone we've backed five new management teams in the region, investing £90m in the North West. One of those investments is Hill Biscuits, where we backed a management buyout earlier this year and helped the 150-year- old business to expand its production capabilities.
We pride ourselves on helping fast-growth businesses to reach their goals more quickly. Be this through adding value in our in-house consultancy team, or supporting growth through strategies such as buy-and- build.
We are a like-minded partner than can give entrepreneurs the confidence to invest in growth.
To keep up to date with the Backing Business Ambition tour go to www.ldc.co.uk/bba2017


1 Discovering Affordable Dental Implants in San Lucas, California– Why So Costly?
5 How Do I Get Dental Implants in San Lucas CA?
You believed everything was fine. No person appeared to see that you were missing out on a few teeth, as well as then somebody crossed the line. You were offered nana sandals and a crocheted covering for Christmas, the idea being that it was time to curl up on the couch with your feline as well as a glass of warm milk.
Discovering Affordable Dental Implants in San Lucas, California– Why So Costly?
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The reason dental implants are so costly is that great deals of individuals get associated with making them, placing them as well as finishing them. Add this to the cost of products plus the dental professional's helicopter charges, as well as quickly you will need to sell your vehicle to be able to eat steak again.
How Do I Get Dental Implants in San Lucas CA?
Dental professionals could reduce expenses by doing just what every consumer does to conserve loan: purchasing wholesale. Because there is no such point as an inadequate dental professional, it is clear that these treatments happen commonly enough for an expert to get products in advance. If he is educated, he can carry out even more of the job himself instead than sending you to a various person to tackle each section of the process. All this could save you money, after you ask for a strong sedative to get you via the procedure.
Most of these dental practices promote solutions online. Net marketing helps to keep prices down and reach even more individuals, while expanding their customer base at the exact same time. More consumers and lower media expenses amount to savings we could pass on to clients. Ensure to request an expense analysis for the dental implants when you see among our dentists.
Take into consideration capitalizing on these solutions prior to anybody has to motivate you. Surprise them with a brand-new smile. The benefits begin with self esteem, which is essential to living a full life. Not every person that sheds teeth will certainly be senior. Several youths struggle with oral conditions or injuries which lead to tooth loss. When you could not grin or talk openly, this cuts you off from people as well as hampers your chances of success, specifically if you wish to function in a client service capability.
Even worse still, your jaw needs teeth in it to stay healthy. Without anything to sustain, your jaw begins to lose away like a muscle mass that never obtains utilized. Your mouth will certainly change form to ensure that, even if you intend to get dentures ultimately, they will certainly not fit. Act quickly to stop this from taking place and offer us a call today.
The advantage of selecting affordable dental implants over dentures is that they will aid you to maintain bone mass, whereas dentures do not. You have simply as excellent a chance of losing bone if you put on dentures as you do without teeth.
Even dentures can be placed in your mouth semi-permanently. Your dental expert will certainly repair them to a number of posts to ensure that you take hip jump lessons without losing them. While the screaming of your other professional dancers or the target market as they go flying could be amazing, the policy of 'finders keepers' could spell your failure for finding affordable dental implants.
Pay little interest to the price of your close friend's procedure. Her mouth is various from yours, so the solutions you require will not cost the same quantity. It might take much longer for your procedure to be ended up. A lot more products could be called for. Bone grafting may be required before any additional job could be done. Try not to be discouraged.
When choosing affordable dental implants, simply discover what kind of anesthetic services are used at the same time. This need to place you at your convenience. You can be asleep during. If your main worry regarding going to the dental expert is that you are merely afraid, this is particularly handy. An anxiety of dentists is common, but is in some cases avoidable. Do not enjoy 'Little Store of Horrors' or 'Marathon Male,' and also you could be just great.
Probably household members will certainly be much more straight and also tactful about it, but a person requires to inform you that affordable dental implants can be life-altering. Finding affordable dental implants starts with a web search and also the readiness to take a trip a bit. While the howling of your fellow professional dancers or the target market as they go flying might be interesting, the regulation of 'finders keepers' could mean your failure for discovering affordable dental implants.


Planned a Tea Party but for night time! I wanted to do this for awhile now and finally was able to gather everyone for a cute girls night in. Menu included French vanilla strawberry cream cheese cupcakes, salmon and brie on crackers, tomato ham and avocado sandwiches, pistachio matcha cookies, quiche, and an assortment of delicious teas.. and let's not forget the yogurt soju :). Thank you friends for all the delicious homemade items. Also, I made macaroons as party favors :) (on the bottom right). So fun and cute to make!


You can count on Star Termite Inspection to present the most suitable service for Termite Inspection in Ricketts, IA. You are looking for the most sophisticated modern technology available, and our staff of experienced contractors will offer that. Our materials are of the best quality and we have learned to help you save cash. We're going to help you to make choices for the job, reply to your questions, and organize a meeting with our professionals when you give us a call by dialing 844-244-3120.
Economizing is an essential part of any project. In the process, you're looking for the very best and highest quality of services when it comes to Termite Inspection in Ricketts, IA. Our attempts to conserve your funds won't sacrifice the quality of our work. Whenever you do business with our staff, you'll have access to the advantages of our own practical experience and excellent materials to ensure that any project lasts even while saving time and funds. To illustrate, we take care to keep clear of expensive mistakes, complete the task promptly to conserve time, and be certain that you get the most suitable bargains on materials and work. Save time and dollars through getting in touch with Star Termite Inspection right now. Dial 844-244-3120 to speak with our client service agents, today.
Termite Inspection are available in Ricketts, IA.
When you're thinking of Termite Inspection in Ricketts, IA, you have to be kept informed to come up with the very best judgments. We will be sure you understand what to anticipate. That's why we make every effort to make sure that you learn the plan and are not confronted by any unexpected surprises. Start out by contacting 844-244-3120 to talk about your venture. We are going to review your questions once you call and get you arranged with an appointment. Our staff is going to show up at the arranged time with the appropriate resources, and can work closely with you during the entire undertaking.
Plenty of reasons exist to consider Star Termite Inspection when it comes to Termite Inspection in Ricketts, IA. We're the most suitable choice when you really need the most efficient money saving solutions, the highest quality products, and the top rank of customer care. We fully understand your needs and objectives, and we are there to help you using our practical experience. Dial 844-244-3120 to connect with Star Termite Inspection and go over all your goals when it comes to Termite Inspection in Ricketts.


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Home > People Finder > Matthew Gautreau
Matthew Gautreau
Matthew P. Gautreau has been with the Denver office of Cushman & Wakefield of Colorado, Inc. (previously Cushman Realty Corporation) since 1997. Mr. Gautreau has 16 years of commercial real estate experience. He was recognized as "Rookie of the Year" at Cushman & Wakefield and has been a top 10 producer every year at Cushman & Wakefield. Mr. Gautreau has been recognized by The Denver Business Journal as the top office broker of the quarter on numerous occasions.
Mr. Gautreau's extensive experience encompasses landlord representation, tenant representation, and investment sales. On behalf of landlords and owners, he has represented Brookfield Office Properties, Hamilton-Titan Partners, Kittredge Properties, LBA Realty, Miller Global Properties, The Pauls Corporation, UBS, USAA Real Estate, Winthrop Realty Trust, Aetna Life Insurance, Allegis Realty Investors, American Realty, Amstar Group, The Carlyle Group, CMD, Cornerstone Advisers, The Denver Technological Center, First Century Development, First Winthrop Properties, Kestrel Management and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance. On behalf of tenants, Mr. Gautreau has represented Ameriquest Mortgage, AT&T, Cogent Communications, Price Waterhouse Coopers and Scottrade, among others.
Prior to joining Cushman Realty Corporation, Mr. Gautreau was a Financial Analyst for First Winthrop Corporation in Boston, Massachusetts. His primary responsibility was analyzing the investment performance of 22 real estate investments. Mr. Gautreau earned a bachelor's degree in business administration with an emphasis in accounting from Saint Michael's College in Colchester, Vermont.
Mr. Gautreau was recognized as "Rookie of the Year" at Cushman & Wakefield and has been a top 10 producer every year at Cushman & Wakefield. Mr. Gautreau has been recognized by the Denver Business Journal as the top office broker of the quarter on numerous occasions.
Brookfield Office Properties
Hamilton-Titan Partners
Kittredge Properties
LBA Realty
Miller Global Properties
The Pauls Corp.
USAA Real Estate
Winthrop Realty Trust
Key Properties
Republic Plaza
Kittredge Building
555 17th Street - Denver
1001 17th Street - Denver
1600 Broadway - Denver
Hudson's Bay Centre - Denver
1801 California - Denver
100 Saint Paul - Denver
Ptarmigan at Cherry Creek - Denver
the Office @dtc


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CareerLinks
Awards: K-12
Awards: Scholarships
Past Major Events
YOUR WISE NL VIEW
Early-career
Speaking of Engineering Lecture Series, February 18, 2014 : Have you ever wondered…how diversity strengthens engineering?
The message isn't new. We need more engineers, especially women. But after more than 30 years of study and work to create more diversity in engineering, why aren't we reaping the benefits?
This upcoming panel lecture is part of the Speaking of Engineering Lecture Series hosted by PEG-NL (Professional Engineers and Geoscientists Newfoundland and Labrador) and the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science of Memorial University. Panelists Gloria Montano, President of WISE NL, Janna Rosales, Assistant Professor (Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science) at MUN, and Cecilia Maloney, Professor (Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science) at MUN will summarize the current state of women in engineering in Newfoundland and Labrador, including examples of the impact that Newfoundland and Labrador women have made outside of the province; present workforce perspectives on the 20th Century versus the 21st Century engineer; and discuss engineering education for a changing world not only from women's perspectives but from perspectives on "diversity" understood more broadly.
Also included will be thoughts on how public engagement can inform and influence how and where our engineers can apply their skills and knowledge for the broader benefit of our society.
This panel session will be held Thursday, February 13th, 2014 at 7:30 pm in the S.J. Carew Building on the St. John's Campus of Memorial University Room EN2006. Free Admission. All are welcome.
For more information: Speaking of Engineering Lecture Series Poster – Feb 13, 2014.
All content copyright © WISE NL 2008-2020
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WISE Newfoundland and Labrador
PO Box 23176, Churchill Square
St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 4J9
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Op 12 september is Afdhel Aziz, co-auteur van het baanbrekende boek 'Good is the New Cool' keynote op het gelijknamige evenement in Rotterdam. "Brands need to find purpose and relevancy to ensure existence", is zijn boodschap.
What did you bring to co-write the Good is the New Cool-book?
What are the most important challenges for brands today? And why is Good the New Cool the answer?
Good is the New Cool presents a model for 'making money and doing good by harnessing the power of cool'. The subtitle of your book is: Market Like You Give a Damn!. Brands don't give a damn enough?
You say that purpose is the 5th P in Marketing. Why should every brand formulate a purpose and start from there?
You mention the impact of technology in your book. Why do you emphasize on that?
How can marketers combine commercial objectives with the desire to do "good"?
Does Good is the New Cool count for all brands. Or is it only for very cool brands with very cool products?
What brands are doing well?
What is the future role of NGO's and what can NGO's learn from your book?
Is Good is the New Cool the end of the process, or do you already see new developments in marketing?
What will be your key takeaway on the Good is the New Cool-event?
Good is the New Cool vindt plaats op 12 september 2017 in Rotterdam. Naast Afdhel Aziz spreken ook Merijn Everaarts (CEO Dopper) en Lisa Hogg (Marketing Director EMEA TOMS). In het afsluitende panel zitten bovendien Anniek Mauser (Directeur Duurzaamheid Unilever Benelux), Jeroen Overgoor (Directeur Communication & Public Affairs Eneco Groep) en Mark Versteegen (Directeur Sponsoring KPN).


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For less than the price of a normal round trip flight, come and enjoy a 4 Day /3 Night Vacation Package at Fiji's newest Resort – the Pullman Nadi Bay Resort & Spa.
Located right on the beach and only 15 minutes from the Nadi International Airport. It is the perfect venue to unwind, relax and soak up Fiji's sun. Average temperature in Nadi during this period ranges around 86°F, rarely falling below 83°F or exceeding 90°F!
Spend your time at the contemporary luxury resort enjoying all it has to offer, or take a day-trip to one of the 333 Fiji Islands. In Fiji there is something for everyone, jump in the rejuvenating mud-baths, take a river boat safari, visit a remote Fijian village – and meet the happiest people on Earth – the Fijians!
This amazing value package is from only USD $799* per person twin-share.
San Francisco (SFO) – Flights 2019: Oct 17, 19, 24, 26; Nov 16, 28, 30; Dec 5, 7, 10.
Extra Nights start from only USD 69.00 per person including taxes.
Book now as this amazing offer is only valid until 20 May 2019.
Pullman Nadi Bay Resort and Spa Fiji is located on the beachfront of Wailoaloa Bay, a premier location just 7 km by car from Nadi International Airport. It offers 236 rooms and suites along with an extensive range of facilities including 4 restaurants, 3 bars, 3 swimming pools, a day spa, 24-hour fitness center and 4 meeting rooms including 2 boardrooms, which can host up to 525 guests theatre style.
2019 Fiji Holidays Generated at 4/25/2019 5:09:59 AM CST.


On any lapping machine the lapping plate flatness is key to producing flat components, in this video we hope to give you an explanation of how to control and correct lapping plate flatness. A lapping plate will usually wear convex or concave, most lapping machines will use control rings to control plate flatness, these run against yokes which can be moved inwards or outwards to bias the wear rate of the plate.
Before checking plate flatness, the lapping plate must be cleaned, we use Kemet CO-42 cleaning fluid, the plate must be completely clean or the gauge readings will not give a true indication of plate shape.
The Kemet flatness gauge, is a gauge with a calibrated hardened steel gauge block, first sit the gauge on the gauge block and zero it, then place the gauge onto the lapping plate and note the gauge reading. this plate is 4 microns convex, take a number of readings to confirm the plate is truly convex. Small variations in flatness can be corrected whilst processing components, but for larger variations we use the internal abrasive system.
To correct a convex plate, position the abrasive drip wires inside the control rings, select the conventional abrasive system on the abrasive selector switch on the machines control panel. The conventional abrasive pump and tank are situated inside the left rear corner of the Kemet machine, this must be filled with Kemox 0400s abrasive slurry, because our plate is convex we position the rings towards the center of the lapping plate, this will bias the wear rate at the center thus flattening the plate, set the timer for 15 minutes, start the machine and ensure slurry is dripping from each slurry feed. At the end of the cycle remove the rings and again clean the lapping plate ready for rechecking with the flatness gauge. The gauge now shows the plate is flat.
If the lapping plate is concave, position the rings so they over hang the outside of the plate, this will bias the wear rate towards the outside area, make sure the rings cover the whole plate or a lip will be formed, remember when correcting a concave plate it will correct approx 3 times faster than a convex plate.


What-does.net is your comprehensive online definition dictionary. If you are not sure how to define Plantation, our website can provide you with the appropriate definition. On this page, you can find what is Plantation.
1. The act or practice of planting, or setting in the earth for growth.
4. Act of planting; a place planted with trees; cultivated estate.
James had fired upon a party at M'Gill's plantation; but it only increased the rage of the enemy. - "A Sketch of the Life of Brig. Gen. Francis Marion", William Dobein James.
On the same night, about an hour before day, Marion met the major half a mile from his plantation. - "A Sketch of the Life of Brig. Gen. Francis Marion", William Dobein James.
For every tenant sent to the plantation, the associated adventurers were entitled to an additional headright of 50 acres. - "The Virginia Company Of London, 1606-1624", Wesley Frank Craven.


I had a conversation yesterday with a customer about a service offered by a another website, and it was a timely reminder of the copywriting rule to never make assumptions about your customers or their knowledge.
In any industry, there tends to be a base level of knowledge, and often a lot industry specific language that can be confusing or make no sense to customers (unless they're in the same industry of course). When you are face to face with a customer or on the phone, and use that language or make assumptions, the customer will simply ask for clarification.
On a website however, you usually don't get the chance to explain when a customer doesn't understand, and what can make that worse is that according to usability expert, Jakob Nielsen, nearly 80% of website visitors don't read much of the text, but rather they scan the page and pick out certain elements, headings, bold text, certain sentences.
If you add user reading styles to a habit of assuming your customer knows what you are talking about when you use industry jargon, buzz words etc, then the chances of getting your message about your business, products or services across are pretty slim.
So how to avoid making assumptions when you're writing website copy ?
The best way to start is to write your initial draft of any copy for someone who knows absolutely nothing about your industry, products or services, and that first draft is likely to be much longer and more detailed than you want on your website. Once you've completed your first draft, then you edit and start reducing the copy to the amount of text you want on that particular page.
Avoid buzzwords or industry jargon, they assume customers know what they mean.
Avoid "marketing speak", or in this context that should probably read "avoid the hype".
The next step is probably the most important though to ensure your website copy makes sense to your visitors.
You need to get somebody else to proof read your copy . That fresh viewpoint will often identify copy where assumptions have been made or the copy simply doesn't get the page's message across clearly.
These are some simple steps to avoid making assumptions in your copy, the result will be better copy and more importantly better conversions, and I'd encourage you to read the article by Jakob Nielsen, it has some very good copywriting tips.
As web designers, we see a lot of copy as we work on our web design projects, and we are often asked to provide feedback on the copy that customers have written. Our experience producing thousands of websites and working with customers in all sorts of industries means we can provide objective feedback about the copy you have written, and we're always happy to share our knowledge and experience.


4-piece set. Cotton ribbed pant set features solid gray long sleeve top with contrast striped chest pocket and pairs with sheep printed ribbed pull-on pants. Arrives with striped ribbed cap with folded cuff and dimensional knot ears and coordinating printed ribbed blanket.


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The Malaysian Challenge
IofC in Malaysia
IofC History
Tools for Change
Creators of Peace
Sharing and Learning Cafe
Asia Pacific Youth Conference
KL Lecture 2014
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Nothing lasting can be built without a desire by people to live differently and exemplify the changes they want to see in society.
Omnia Marzouk, former President, IofC International
Home Commentaries Editorials The Malaysian Challenge
K Haridas
Race, religion, colour and language have been exploited to divide human beings. But differences provide us with opportunities to grow, and to love the 'other'.
Malaysia provides an example of power balance within a multi-ethnic society. A large immigrant population of ethnic Indian and Chinese origins were brought in during the colonial period. Since achieving independence fifty years ago, the country has tried to balance political and economic interests amongst the various ethnic communities. Affirmative policies have not been popular. Nevertheless these have contributed to a greater sense of social justice. However, there is growing antipathy to the continuation of such policies for these are being perceived as a right or privilege by those who have benefited. This is undercutting the goal of national unity states a Malaysian.
The opening caption for 'Visit Malaysia Year 2007' reads 'Malaysia is truly Asia'. Yes, we are a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious society that reflects the diversity of Asia. Yet aspects of this diversity cannot be elevated to reflect a norm or a value. These aspects best describe notions relating to identity. It is these identity factors that continue to provide the basis for political governance in a nation that soon celebrates fifty years of independence. Political parties are largely ethnically based in Malaysia.
When issues of identity are elevated as normative values then we do injustice to ourselves and to the goal of establishing 'unity in diversity'. Race cannot be elevated to be a norm like love, fairness, or justice. When race takes precedence over such normative values then it does so at the expense of justice, fairness and equity. It is this nexus between politics and issues of identity that continue to undermine our efforts at forging national unity.
Positive discrimination through affirmative policies has been a tool for ensuring social justice. The New Economic Policy (NEP) launched in 1970 over a twenty year time line aimed at ensuring a more level playing field in the relationship between race, economics and politics. These remained time based corrective policies and tools and should not be elevated to be a 'right' or 'privilege' for any ethnic group. To do so breeds only injustice and dissatisfaction amongst sections of the population. This also denies the very best in all religious traditions.
Processes and tools need revisiting in a changing reality. What was appropriate in the 1970's needs amending and adjusting or even re-evaluating in the decade of the 2000. To persist with the same formulae is to lock ourselves into a mindset that is inappropriate to a growing consciousness within the nation.
So many of us from different ethnic origins have grown up in this nation, drank from its waters, grown from the vegetation of this land and have been endowed with a love for this nation. The national 'Vision 2020' calls for a new social agenda and processes that are in keeping with the aspirations of a growing generation.
Despite all the bonding and feelings that we share, we have often to face the challenges of racial preferences. To feel left out, to be considered the 'other' or to be accorded a different status by virtue of race or religion is to deny the notion of national unity. We need to address sensitive areas of contention through continuous dialogue and appreciation. Despite differences in ethnic origins we must grow together and as time moves on and evolve a sense of belonging that transcends these identity factors.
To do otherwise is to let reality shape us rather than be formed from within. We are human beings first before any other consideration. Every ethnic group within Malaysia has to find that capacity to transcend this dimension. In doing so, we strengthen our shared identity as Malaysians. However, the challenge is to ensure that enabling factors like policies, programmes and approaches are appropriated in a manner that adds meaning to the sense of belonging amongst all citizens.
Every divide is part of the humanness of the human being. Life is about diversity. However, this very diversity can be exploited to deny a sense of humanity. There is enough evidence of how race, religion, colour and language have been exploited to divide human beings. At the same time these challenges provide us with opportunities to grow, to transcend and to love the 'other'. This remains a fundamental call of all faiths.
When we read stories or listen to experiences of people who have sacrificed for the 'other' or responded to their needs or even forgiven it touches our spirit in an ennobling way. Our hearts are warmed by the humanity that is expressed. The future lies in the hands of those who have this capacity. To them diversity is an enrichment and not a fear. Being human precedes becoming a human being whatever be one's ethnic, religious or linguistic background.
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It's ridiculously hot and sunny outside in nyc.
Like most ny'ers half my wardrobe is black and I can't even bear to LOOK at that portion of my closet.
Can I compromise and wear grey? These pretty little things have been tickling my credit card finger all month! Fortunately, I couldn't bear to pay these prices so my bank account stay unperturbed.
that jacket is lovely. phillip lim is such a genius.


David Owen Hastings Design is the only graphic design firm in the Puget Sound region dedicated exclusively to working with nonprofit organizations. I collaborate with nonprofits — from health and human services agencies to membership organizations to the arts — to create distinctive and dynamic branding tools and graphics that help you make a powerful impact.
Image makes an impact…and David Owen Hastings Design makes an impact for nonprofits.


There's nothing quite as blissful as being outside surrounded by nature with good food, family, friends and drop of something wonderful to drink. The Picnic is a pleasure par excellence and when done well, can feel as luxurious and decadent as sit-down dinner. Once you're out of the house, it's hard to go back, so make sure you've planned every detail! Here's your Clos19 guide to preparing the perfect picnic.
A picnic is no fun if there's too much mess to take care of at the end. A pretty, lightweight box can serve as the perfect serving dish, then double up as a receptacle for any leftover food. Bring another for used cutlery and crockery or you'll be scraping off bits of potato salad from various places for weeks!
Choosing wines under a screw cap can also make picnic life that little bit easier and save you fumbling around for the corkscrew – or even bringing one! Go for something vibrant, floral and fresh that will mirror your outdoor view, such as Terrazas de los Andes Torrontés; or Cloudy Bay Pinot Noir, a light and fruity red . Alternatively, a bottle of champagne or sparkling wine offers the same convenience with a luxurious twist. Try a demi-sec with your fruit and pavlova for the ultimate decadent feel.
Less is more when it comes to outdoor eating accoutrements; you don't want to be carrying around too many heavy things. To this end, ditch the ice bucket and invest in an elegant champagne ice sleeve, guaranteed to keep your bubbles cool for up two hours. Veuve Clicquot have solved this problem by offering bottles of their Yellow Label and Rosé in a classic, orange sleeve and a stylish, hot pink little number respectively. You could also throw in a bottle stopper so you can take home any left-overs – if you think there will be any. Sadly, glass flutes are a no-no in picnic baskets unless you want shards in your sandwiches and you can't drink champagne out of beakers of course; it's just not the same. Luckily for outdoor imbibers, Veuve Clicquot have also created clear acrylic Rich champagne glasses. If you're after a more traditional shape with a modern twist however, then take a look at Moët & Chandon's break-resistant champagne glasses in shiny gold and vibrant, metallic pink.


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Feuding beauty vloggers reveal the ugly side of YouTube
Emily Van Der Nagel
Lecturer, Communications & Media Studies
Beauty YouTuber James Charles lost 2.6 million followers in three days after a public feud with another vlogger.
The drama erupted after James, at the Coachella music festival in April, promoted the vitamin company Sugar Bear Hair, a rival to his former mentor Tati Westbrook's Halo Beauty Company.
In a now deleted video entitled "Bye Sister", Westbrook, 37, slammed Charles, 19, for betraying her trust, and urged fans to unfollow him on YouTube.
Following the video, fans abandoned Charles in droves, prompting him to load a series of videos defending himself.
This extreme reaction is typical of dedicated fanbases, according to Dr Emily Van der Nagel, lecturer in Monash's School of Media, Film and Journalism.
"James Charles lost so many followers because of the perception that he wasn't loyal," Dr Van der Nagel said.
"Alliances between brands, influencers and audiences matter in the context of beauty product sales."
"Promoting a brand that competed with his friend and collaborator Tati Westbrook, even though he did so as a personal favour to Sugar Bear Hair, was considered disloyal and disrespectful to that relationship."
"YouTubers want their brands portrayed favourably, but even drama, fallouts and fights command attention and can result in brand awareness."
The personal nature of YouTube videos fosters intimacy between vloggers and fans, who become deeply committed to their favourite stars.
"Fans get invested in YouTube stars because they come across as people, often performing the qualities of vulnerability, honesty, and authenticity," Dr Van Der Nagel noted.
"Popular YouTubers are now often sponsored by brands and involved in complex marketing and business deals, but what comes through is a person talking directly to their fans, without the traditional gatekeepers of broadcast media producing."
However, public feuds aren't necessarily bad for business.
"On any kind of media, attention is money," Dr Van der Nagel said.
It's difficult to police the digital frontier, which spans multiple platforms worldwide.
"Social media, including YouTube, is a sprawling communication context that connects people of all kinds," Dr Van der Nagel said.
"This can result in conversations and relationships that are meaningful and enjoyable, but also bullying and harassment.
"YouTube is public, which means it's not necessarily safe."
Last year, tech giant Facebook extended its bullying and harassment policies to cover public figures. Previously, the protections only covered private individuals.
Facebook's new policy states that "severe attacks that directly engage a public figure" will not be allowed.
"Especially for public figures, YouTube influencers and celebrities, there's an amount of criticism that can be expected," Dr Van der Nagel said.
"However, it's still not OK to send death threats and other threatening or harassing comments."
Sugar Bear Hair
James Charles and Tati Westbrook
Emily researches and teaches social media identities, practices, and platforms. Her research interests include social media cultures, identities, sexualities, algorithms, and negotiations. Emily has published work in Scan, Continuum, First Monday, M/C, Media International Australia, and Internet Histories. She tweets at @emvdn.
The rise of the the 'teacher-influencer'
Social media is increasingly playing a role in teachers' professional lives – but there are downsides.
Neil Selwyn Professor, Faculty of Education
Facebook: the troubled teen
The social media giant has turned 15, but its growing pains continue.
David Robertson Assistant Lecturer, Monash Sustainable Development Institute


For my birthday I got magic pants.
These are no ordinary pants. They are magic - I swear.
My sweet cousin friend Tiffany gave them to me. For 6 weeks they hung on my closet door. I was afraid that the magic might not work on me.
See I had never had great luck with the form fitting yoga pant. I always opted for the looser ones - ones that could hide my greatest flaw - the Hinze haunches. I know, I know what you all are thinking. But not matter what size I am, they are always there, big or small, haunting me. I have accepted the fact that they will always be a part of my life. Now against your protests, let's move on.
I knew these magic pants were not of the loosey-goosey variety. I had seen them on Tiffany - they were T-I-G-H-T tight. They looked great on her (the Shepherd side of the family - no haunches.) Plus she is in ri-dic-u-lous shape. Gorgeous.
So for 6 weeks they hung in their little red bag, taunting me. Daring me to try them on. I was too chicken. Charles kept saying, "at least try them on. They were a gift - you should try them." Now I know, as a man, he had ulterior motives. But still, I could not try them.
Finally, I worked up the nerve. I took that bag - that little bag with it's taunting face - I tore that bag open, grabbed the pants and pulled them on. This was all done in one swift motion before I could lose my courage. I peaked around the corner of my closet - no one was there. Good. I could face the horror alone. I walked out to the mirror. I could not believe my eyes - the magic did work on me! No visible haunches! Magic indeed!
If I could have - I would have skipped around the room, danced and twirled, laughing aloud! Ok, I wouldn't have done all that - except for the laughing aloud part - which I did, I laughed and laughed and laughed. 6 weeks - I had been missing out on this magic for 6 weeks!!!! What had I been thinking?
So, thank you Tiffany for revolutionizing my life! I wear my magic pants everywhere I go. I am saving up to buy another pair. Thank you Lulu Lemon, even your taunting red bag served it's purpose.
I KNEW it!! I knew you hadn't been wearing them! Don't you trust me?! They're the best pants in the world! I'm so glad you love them! Enjoy!! I love YOU!


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You are here: Home / Local / Bel Air Agenda Feb. 21: Stormwater Pond Repair Fee; Development Regulation Amendments; Mid-Year Budget Amendment
Bel Air Agenda Feb. 21: Stormwater Pond Repair Fee; Development Regulation Amendments; Mid-Year Budget Amendment
February 20, 2012 By Brian Goodman
The Bel Air Town Commissioners will hold public hearings Tuesday night on a proposed administrative fee to recover costs incurred for billing and construction management of storm water pond repairs for Homeowner's Associations and an ordinance amending the town's zoning code.
Resolution No. 973-12 would amend the town's fee schedule to add a billing/construction management fee of "$30/property owner/year billed." The full fee schedule can be found in the proposed resolution.
Ordinance No. 748-12 – Development Regulations Amendments would amend the town's zoning code and development regulations to provide for an additional one-half story in the B-2 district for buildings up to 55 feet, allow for alternative front yard setback to be from edge of curb, for corner lots to adhere to front yard setback requirements for one frontage only, andto provide for a reduced parking requirement for residential uses in the B-2, B-2A and B-3A districts.
Also Tuesday night, the Board of Town Commissioners is expected to make a reappointment to the Historic Preservation Committee, approve an addendum to the town's sewer service agreement with Harford County, and introduce a mid-year budget resolution.
The meeting begins at 7:30 p.m. in Bel Air Town Hall.
The full agenda is listed below:
Commissioners of Bel Air
1. CALL TO ORDER
2. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA
4. PRESENTATION – OFC Bradley Helm
5. APPROVAL OF MINUTES
6. PUBLIC HEARINGS
a. Ordinance No. 748-12 – Development Regulations Amendments
b. Resolution No. 973-12 – Fee Schedule Amendment
7. UNFINISHED BUSINESS
8. NEW BUSINESS
a. Reappointment – Historic Preservation Committee
b. Addendum to Harford County – Town Sewer Service Agreement
c. Resolution No. 974-12 – MID-Year Budget
9. PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS
a. The Downtown Alliance's annual Chocolate and Candy Festival is Saturday, March 3rd, 10 a.m. – 3 p.m. at the Bel Air Armory.
b. The Bel Air Cultural Arts Commission is hosting the Irishman's Chorale at the Emmanuel Episcopal Church, 303 N. Main Street, on Saturday, March 3rd. Doors open at 6:45 p.m. and the performance starts at 7:30 p.m.
c. "Springtime in the Woods" will be held at Rockfield Manor March 2nd through April 1. Free admission, call 410-638-4565.
10. PUBLIC COMMENTS
11. COMMISSIONERS' COMMENTS
12. ADJOURNMENT
About Brian Goodman
brian@daggerpress.com


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About the Vice President
University Advancement > About Us >
Paula Castadio is the Vice President for University Advancement at California State University, Fresno. Ms. Castadio reports to President Joseph I. Castro and serves on the President's Cabinet. She leads a staff of 76 in the division, including Development, Alumni Engagement, Advancement Services, Brand Strategy and Marketing, Communications and Advancement Operations. University Advancement works closely with Athletics to inspire and increase philanthropy for Fresno State.
Ms. Castadio previously spent 26 years in public broadcasting with her last 11 years as CEO of ValleyPBS serving the San Joaquin Valley. She was appointed to the PBS national board of directors. She currently serves on the boards of the Fresno Business Council and El Dorado Park CDC and is a member of the Rotary Club of Fresno. Ms. Castadio was named among the "Top Ten Business and Professional Women" of Fresno County in 2006.
She holds a bachelor's degree in Speech Communication from Fresno State and an M.B.A. from the University of Phoenix. She is married to Richard Castadio.
Haak Center, Library 4th Floor
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Last Updated Jan 30, 2019