text:
Taking the temperature of ancient oceans with microfossil chemistry
By Anna Waldeck
Backed by Dhw, Janetrw, Allan Rossel, Gerard Olack, AC, Andre Burgh, Lisa Russell, Mary-Frances Beesorchard, Bob Day, Christina May, and 7 other backersSora Kim, Jonah Eaton, Oscar Jasklowski, Jacob Smith, Cindy Wu, Amy Collette, and Jason P Schein
PaleontologyEarth Science
Funded on 10/30/14
Taking the temperature of ancient oceans with microfossil chemistry Waldeck, Anna.. University of Chicago, 13 Aug 2014. Experiment. doi: 10.18258/3163
Fossils in the Great Basin of Nevada hold a great secret: how did animal life evolve and diversify in the Cambrian when some geochemical measurements suggest that oceans were a suffocating 40°C warmer than today? I propose to investigate this mystery surrounding the "Cambrian Explosion" by measuring ancient temperatures with new geochemical techniques and oxygen isotope thermometers in fossilized shells I'll collect from the Great Basin.
Fossils from the Cambrian, 541 - 485 million years ago, record the early evolution and radiation of all major animal phyla. Climate reconstructions of this deep geologic time are controversial, suggesting that the Cambrian ocean could have been almost 40°C warmer than today: too hot to support modern animal life. These estimates rely mainly on stable (non-radioactive) oxygen isotopes from fossil calcium carbonate shells that are susceptible to alteration after burial. A better recorder of marine climates at this time may be phosphate from "small shelly fossils" (SSF): assemblages of fossilized marine organisms whose minerals resist isotopic alteration through time. My initial measurements show that SSFs have great potential as a tool for accurately reconstructing Cambrian climate.
Current isotopic estimates of Cambrian ocean temperatures reach as high as 70°C (158°F), which are unlikely given the types of animals that we observe in the fossil record. Did animals actually thrive in a hot-tub-like environment or is there another explanation for the measured isotopic signal? The estimates that we have rely on the oxygen isotope compositions in calcium carbonate shells, which are susceptible to alteration. Our new methods rely on the oxygen isotope composition of phosphate, which is much more stable over time. We will analyze phosphate-containing small shelly fossils from the Pioche Formation in Nevada and more accurately infer the past ocean temperatures. This research will enrich our understanding of Cambrian climate and the geologic controls on seawater composition.
1. Conduct a short field season to collect rock samples containing small shelly fossils from the Pioche Formation in Nevada.
2. I'll process the rocks in Prof. Albert Colman's lab at the University of Chicago to isolate SSF from the limestone matrix. Then I'll use an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy to characterize and sort SSF based on morphological features.
3. I will dissolve and process the SSF samples to purify their phosphate as silver phosphate. I'll analyze the phosphate oxygen isotope composition using a thermochemolysis reactor coupled to a magnetic sector, isotope ratio-monitoring mass spectrometer.
4. I will interpret the results with a focus on understanding temperatures in the near surface Cambrian oceans. This will be my first scientific publication.
I am proposing to mount a field expedition to collect new samples from the Great Basin strata of the Pioche Formation in Nevada. I would be guided in the field by Prof. Mark Webster (University of Chicago.) He is both a paleontologist and expert on Cambrian biostratigraphy. We would be accompanied by Prof. Albert Colman (also U. Chicago), the stable isotope biogeochemist in whose lab I work.
The budget would fund the field work and shipment of samples back to the lab in Chicago. It would also support the chemical processing of samples to purify phosphate from small shelly fauna and cover oxygen isotope analytical costs. Finally, it would provide a small stipend to me to cover living expenses while conducting this research over the coming months.
Anna Waldeck
At age three I started a rock collection. It grew rapidly as I would return home from playgrounds, walks, and even vacation trips with pockets weighed down by new stones to inspect and admire. I wondered about the unique histories of each of my rocks – what were they made of, how old were they, what environments they came from. As a college student at the University of Chicago I found that I could study the stories preserved by the chemistry of rocks with a double major in Geophysical Sciences and Chemistry. I've been pursuing this interest over the past year by testing how to purify phosphate from small shelly fauna and investigating the utility of this approach for deducing past ocean temperatures. Now that the techniques are working well, I am eager to collect and analyze a full set of samples. I graduated in June and look forward to entering a geochemistry graduate program next fall. In my time away from research, I enjoy hiking, biking, and swimming in the great outdoors.
Nothing posted yet.
Steps involved in making oxygen isotope measurements on phosphatic small shelly fauna:
Figure 1. Cambrian small shelly fauna lived at or near the sea floor and exhibited diverse shapes that correlate with original mineralogy and ecology. These example fossils have been liberated from their limestone matrix through a gentle acid bath treatment. We then sort the fossils based on shape (i.e., "morphotype"). Because of their small size, roughly 100 fossils per morphotype are required for a single isotopic analysis.
Figure 2. Characterization of samples begins with sorting of morphotypes under an optical microscope. The top two panels show spicule (left) and mollusc (right) morphologies. The fossil microstructure and composition is checked on a subset of samples using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The middle two panels show SEM images for representative spicules (left) and mollusc (right). The interplay of the SEM's electron beam with a fossil sample generates x-rays whose energies relate to the fossil's chemical composition. We use the resultant x-ray spectra (bottom two panels) to confirm that the SSF are dominantly composed of a calcium phosphate mineral (apatite).
Figure 3. Sample processing requires long hours of sorting SSF morphotypes at the optical microscope.
Figure 4. The SSF require careful processing to purify shell phosphate as silver phosphate, which can then be analyzed for oxygen isotope composition. Over the past year, I have optimized a technique for handling the complex chemical separations required to make pure silver phosphate from the shell fossils. This image shows the resultant pure crystals from an SSF sample.
Figure 5. Silver phosphate samples are packaged and loaded into an autosampler connected to a reactor furnace. The samples thermally decompose in the furnace and convert to gases that are carried in helium to a gas source, isotope ratio mass spectrometer for oxygen isotope analysis.
$367.71Average Donation


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Need help interpreting git log --graph command So,  I am a little confused on how git log --graph works.
Here is my repository on GitHub: https://github.com/Snedden/capstone
I haven't created any branches apart from the master branch.
But when I run the command git log --graph (on my local repository) it appears I had a branch around the commit "standardised urls for better portability"

So my question is, if that's not a separate branch then why does it appear to be like a separate branch in the git log output?
NOTE: Some info, when I tried pushing on c228400 git said I had to pull first as it thought my remote is ahead of my local, I am not sure how this is possible as I always did linear pushed some the same account.

A: The answer is in your graph (which is an image, so I've transcribed it here, more or less):
*  44ccab (HEAD -> testBranch, origin/master, origin/HEAD, master)
|    Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/Snedden/capstone
|\
| * c228400 standardised urls for better portability
* | 90bbf9e added stage axis and d3 library
* | 2d0ce65 standardised urls for better portability
|/
* 4c?02a4 datasets implemented

You did, in fact, merge two branches.
The two branches you merged were master and master.
One of these two masters is your master.  The other is 'master' of <another repository>.
This is the kind of merge that git pull makes.  Remember, git pull means "Run git fetch, then run git merge unless I tell you in advance to run git rebase instead of merging."
The message that git pull sets for the merge is Merge branch 'name' of URL.  The name part comes from the branch you tell your Git to use.  The contents of that branch are whatever your Git retrieves from the given URL after those contents are brought into your repository (under some other name, since obviously master is already in use!).
That is, you merged in someone else's master.  Now, that "someone else" is probably you, but Git doesn't know or care, it just knows the URL.
If you run git fetch instead of git pull, you can choose whether to run git merge or git rebase after you've done the fetch, instead of deciding before, sight-unseen.  Moreover, if you then choose to merge, you'll merge by the name you are using in your repository, i.e., origin/master, rather than by the weird name master :-) that some other guy is using in that other repository over there on github.com.  This may make more sense to you later (or maybe not).
Given that the commit messages of 2d0ce65 and c228400 are the same, I suspect you rebased or amended a commit after pushing c228400.  This made a copy of the commit (an imperfect copy, on purpose, with something changed).  You then added the "stage axis and d3 library" commit, and then when you ran git pull, your Git dutifully merged your two commits, 2d0ce65 plus 90bbf9e, with the other guy's one commit, c228400, found on github.
Those were your two branches: your branch master, and that other you's master over on GitHub.

A: You have from what I can see two branches:  testBranch and master, so the fact that this can occur seems correct to me.
To explain this image, we have to remind ourselves that Git is a DAG - directed acyclic graph - in that it always draws nodes in a specific order.  In this context, the order that your commits were pulled in are based on ancestry; testBranch likely branched off of master to do some extra work.
I believe that the two commits - 2d0ce65 and 90bbf9e - are work that was commited to master.  The third commit - d228400 - was work done on testBranch.  The two branches have a common ancestor in 4c002a4, but diverged afterwards, which is why there are two different paths.
Now, as to why the commit messages appear the same, this could mean any one of these things:

*

*You rebased your work against master

*You cherry-picked that commit into master or from master into testBranch

*You simply copied the same description over and the commits are completely different

You can inspect these two commits closer by running git diff <SHA1> <SHA2> and see if there's anything truly different with them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\r\nIan's home blog is at http://www.ianwelsh.net/","url":"https://www.huffpost.com/author/ian-welsh"},"creator":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Ian Welsh","jobTitle":"IanWelsh.net","description":"Ian Welsh has been blogging since 2004. He was the Managing Editor of FireDogLake and the Agonist. His work has also appeared at Huffington Post, Alternet, and Truthout, as well as the now defunct Blogging of the President (BOPNews). In Canada his work has appeared in Pogge.ca and BlogsCanada. He is a social media strategy consultant and currently lives in Toronto.
\r\nIan's home blog is at http://www.ianwelsh.net/","url":"https://www.huffpost.com/author/ian-welsh"},"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"HuffPost","url":"https://www.huffpost.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://s.m.huffpost.com/assets/hp-amp-101ecf8047b044dce5f3122c63056162580f1c26994c73ae90dbd1c5d1545a71.gif","width":600,"height":60}},"description":"Kos wants to primary one of the most reliable and principled progressives in Congress because Kucinich doesn't want to vote for a bill which will force A...","keywords":["politics","daily-kos","dennis-kucinich","kos","barack-obama","rahm-emanuel","type: contributor"],"inLanguage":"en_US","thumbnailUrl":"https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/default-entry.jpg?ops=200_150","url":"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kos-calls-for-progressive_b_494078","headline":"Kos Calls For Progressive Civil War","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/default-entry.jpg?ops=1778_1000","width":1778,"height":1000},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kos-calls-for-progressive_b_494078"}}
Ian Welsh, Contributor
IanWelsh.net
Kos Calls For Progressive Civil War
05/10/2010 05:12 am ET Updated May 25, 2011
Kos is threatening Dennis Kucinich, of all people, with a primary if he doesn't vote for health care "reform."
Let me get this straight, Kos wants to primary one of the most reliable and principled progressives in Congress (perhaps the most principled one) because Kucinich doesn't want to vote for a bill which will force Americans to buy crappy health insurance from private companies?
First they came for Massa, and now, not being able to find any dirt on Kucinich, they're putting the pressure on, and Kos is going along with it?
Because, lord knows, what progressives should spend their time and money on this year is primarying someone like Kucinich. What they should do is start a left wing fucking civil war so that Obama, Hoyer and Rahm Emanuel can sit back and laugh as the left wing tears itself apart over a bill which, whether you want it passed or not, no one who is on the left wing should think is better than mediocre.
Be very clear, if "progressives" like Kos want to primary Kucinich, many other progressives will defend him and fight for him. So, instead of picking up new seats, we'll be wasting time and money fighting over a seat already held by a progressive.
Those who want to go after Kucinich are acting as Obama and Rahm's heavies. Acting as enforcers for a President who believes in indefinite detention without trial, who has expanded the war in Afghanistan, gutted civil rights and who wants to force every American to buy health insurance from private companies.
It's time for Kos's 15 minutes to end. The man's stupidity, hubris and willingness to be used by a president who is objectively a conservative means he is now doing more damage to the left than good.
Politics News Dennis Kucinich Barack Obama Rahm Emanuel Daily Kos


The Great Lakes Drone Company staff spent hundreds of hours preparing for the July 26 night airshow at EAA AirVenture, the first time drones had joined the popular after-dark attraction. AOPA was invited to watch a daytime test session to learn how the show is created from behind the scenes.
Great Lakes Drone Company Director of Operations Matt Quinn works with staffer Chris Habel to prepare for a July 25 daytime test in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Jim Moore photo.
Great Lakes Drone Company staffer Christina Martinez adjusts the position of a drone on the ground prior to a test to correct for GPS error. Jim Moore photo.
Military surplus ammunition cans are used to store potentially volatile lithium polymer batteries. Jim Moore photo.
Creating a drone light show requires a great deal of work, both on maintenance of dozens of aircraft and programming a computer system to control them all. Jim Moore photo.
A passing aircraft draws the attention of Great Lakes Drone Company staff preparing for a test. Jim Moore photo.
The positions of all drones in the light show are adjusted prior to a test flight. Jim Moore photo.
The LED lights mounted on custom drone configurations by the Great Lakes Drone Company are bright, even in daylight. Jim Moore photo.
Drones battle windy conditions to create an Eagle during the night airshow at EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, on July 25. Photo courtesy of Great Lakes Drone Company.
Drones create streaks of light over EAA AirVenture. Photo courtesy of Great Lakes Drone Company.
Drones prepare to launch a night show at EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Photo courtesy of Great Lakes Drone Company.
Each drone is programmed with a detailed mission plan, and together they create complex shapes, brightly lit against the night sky. The Great Lakes Drone Company crew also paid a lot of attention to safety, implementing various precautions to ensure a safe and entertaining show.


text:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  protect_from_forgery with: :exception

  before_action :configure_permitted_parameters, if: :devise_controller?

  protected

		def configure_permitted_parameters
	    devise_parameter_sanitizer.permit(:sign_up) { |u| u.permit(:name, :email, :password) }
	    devise_parameter_sanitizer.permit(:account_update) { |u| u.permit(:name, :email, :password, :current_password, :avatar) }
		end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The environment is fast-paced which makes shifts go by quickly.
Management believes in empowering employees, avoids micromanaging.
The people are loyal and become quick friends.
What jobs are available at New Theatre Restaurant?


text:
Q: mongodb sql in statement equivalent I have found two ways of doing an equivalent of SQL in statement in mongodb.
One way would be something like:
BasicDBObject inQuery = new BasicDBObject();
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(2);
list.add(4);
list.add(5);
inQuery.put("employeeId", new BasicDBObject("$in", list));
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(inQuery);

And the other one, with a filter, would be something like this:
FindIterable<Document> iterable = db.getCollection("coll_name")
            .find(in("field_name", values))

My questions are:

*

*Which way is better?

*Is it better to use filters? What about the performance between doing the query is the first way against using a filter?

A: Performance-wise and semantically there is no difference.
Both result in the same command being sent to the database. The Filters.in(field, values) method is just an alternative syntax for new BasicDBObject(field, new BasicDBObject("$in", values)).
Which one you consider better from a code-stylistic point of view is your personal preference.


text:
Free speech being destroyed by gender Nazis wearing black robes as court rules AGAINST professor who refused to address student with trans pronouns
In a country founded on the principle that everyone has a voice and that speech isn't something that can or should be regulated, the First Amendment is increasingly coming under attack by activist judges who shun the law of the land in deference to the law of political correctness.
As reported by The New American, a judge in Ohio has ruled that a Christian professor can be fired by his employer, Shawnee State University, over his failure to use trans pronouns, as per the school's 'nondiscrimination policy.'
Once again, in other words, the Fourteenth Amendment is being utilized to override the First Amendment's protection of speech and religious freedom.
Prof. Nicholas Meriwether filed suit against SSU after college administrators sided with a student who got hostile with the prof after he refused to refer to the student by his preferred pronouns.
According to the Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF), which represents Meriwether and filed the suit on his behalf, the student — Alena Bruening, referred to only as "Doe," "became belligerent, circling around him, getting in his face in a threatening fashion, while telling him, 'Then I guess this means I can call you a c**t.'"
School administration would later side with the student after he filed a formal complaint over the incident in which he actually accused Meriwether of creating a "hostile" environment, in violation of school policy. The complaint led SSU officials to issue the professor a warning in June 2018.
ADF stated in the lawsuit that the school's actions violated their client's First Amendment rights, but that charge was dismissed by the U.S. District Court of the Southern District of Ohio.
According to the suit, Meriwether's primary complaint is that by forcing him to refer to a student's self-identified gender, that "would require him to violate his conscience and sincerely held religious beliefs" — principles that no longer matter to an increasing number of federal judges. (Related: The radical Left is so insane that even BOY GEORGE has had enough of the stupid pronouns.)
Not hurting someone's feelings now more important than First Amendment
The New American noted further: He charged that his rights were violated because he was threatened and punished "for refusing to communicate a University-mandated ideological message regarding gender identity both in and out of the classroom" and that he was compelled to communicate in regard to gender identity in a way that conflicts with his religious beliefs.
However, U.S. District Judge Susan Dlott, a Clinton appointee, disagreed.
"Plaintiff's refusal to address a student in class in accordance with the student's gender identity does not implicate broader societal concerns and the free speech clause of the First Amendment under the circumstances of this case," she ruled.
The court further claimed that all Meriwether had to do was to simply remove any and all references to pronouns in his classroom, and that doing so would not have been an infringement on his speech rights.
Meriwether, in court documents, explained that his practice is to refer to students using proper etiquette prefixes "Mr." and "Ms." followed by their surnames and that in order to accommodate the student, he offered to refer to him just using his last name.
But that wasn't good enough; Dlott said that still amounted to discrimination because Meriwether didn't then call all students simply by their last names.
Yes, it's come to this: Left-wing activist judges picking gnat droppings out of salt in order to justify their attacks on Christianity and traditional American culture.
She further ruled, by the way, that though the university's nondiscrimination policy is over broad it's in SSU's best interest to use it that way to create "an educational and working environment for students and employees that is without unlawful or prohibited discrimination and harassment."
Unless, of course, students and school administrators are discriminating against a Christian professor because of his beliefs. Then, it's okay.
TheNewAmerican.com
Tagged Under: activist judge, Alliance Defending Freedom, Clinton appointee, Constitution, federal court, First Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, free speech, lawsuit, left cult, left wing activism, Orwellian, religious freedom, Shawnee State University, speech police, thought police, transgender, transgender pronouns, Tyranny
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Female prisoner sues prison after a transgender inmate allegedly raped her
Harvard environmental group promises 'escalation' if demands not met
Transgender kids? Father shows son identifying as an "egg omelette"
Government agency using puberty blockers to experiment on children younger than 10
CONFIRMED: Ilhan Omar married her brother to get him into the United States, defrauding U.S. government and taxpayers
Mike Bloomberg belittles farming, factory jobs as having less 'gray matter' in video
02/20/2020 / By arbeeb
Out of control and getting worse – Attacks becoming more frequent against conservatives while liberals become increasingly unhinged as the 2020 Presidential Election nears
L.A. mayor, sheriff, prove why the rule of law means nothing in America anymore as they pledge to shield ILLEGAL aliens from deportation
CNN proves again that the "mainstream media" is part of the new Nazi movement in America as "I love you Hitler" tweet from network personality surfaces
Boise State professor under siege for daring to challenge Left-wing "transgender" orthodoxy
Could the coronavirus pandemic drastically alter the 2020 election? Democrat cities are the most likely outbreak hubs
Roger Stone files emergency appeal for new trial after discovering that lead juror in his case was anti-Trump hack who referred to president KKK member
SPLC demands big tech silence conservatives in the name of fighting white supremacist terror
Cross-dressing LGBT activist to appear on 'Sesame Street'
The media use the transgender movement as a lever forcing people to deny reality
Communist regime ARRESTS scientists, criminalizes doctors and silences whistleblowers… all in the name of maintaining "control" of the narrative
American communists call for a violent takeover… and (armed) American people are ready
Race division grows as "academics" downgrade whites to an inferior species: Dartmouth to host racist forum about how to figure out white people "in their natural habitats"


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The user can begin exercising immediately with the patented ergonomic handgrips, which do not require any settings or adjustments. Each cable handle is connected via a patented continuous cable loop system.
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Bill Cosby Wins Delay on California Civil Case
March 30, 2016 by Kia Soto
Comedian Bill Cosby is fighting several legal battles basically at the same time, one day after a judge ruled Janice Dickinson's defamation case can go to trial, Cosby wins delay in Judy Huth civil case. Huth, is suing Cosby –alleging Cosby assaulted her at the Playboy Mansion in 1974, when she was 15 years old.
Today on March, 30th Los Angeles County Superior Court judge Craig D. Karlan ruled discovery related to both parties is on hold — including Cosby's deposition that was scheduled for April 7.
"Part of my concern is protecting both parties' rights and keeping the case moving forward," Karlan said in a Wednesday morning hearing. "Justice delayed is justice denied."
Judy Huth is suing Cosby, claiming she was traumatized.
"This traumatic incident, at such a tender age, has caused psychological damage and mental anguish for Plaintiff that has caused her significant problems throughout her life since the incident," states the complaint.
In the civil case, Huth claims Cosby assaulted her at an event at the Playboy mansion 40 plus years ago when she was a teenager.
Gloria Allred & Huth passed the state's statute of limitations to file a claim, however Huth was able to file her case because she was a minor at the time of the alleged assault.
Wednesday March 30, 2016
Statement by Attorneys for William H. Cosby Jr.
Today, in Huth v. Cosby, the Court granted Mr. Cosby's motion for a stay of his discovery in this case pending the outcome of Commonwealth v. Cosby in Montgomery County, PA. This includes a stay of Mr. Cosby's continued deposition, previously scheduled to take place April 7th. In so doing, the court recognized the dilemma faced by a defendant who must choose between defending civil litigation by providing testimony on one hand and losing the case by asserting the constitutional right to remain silent on the other hand, and rightly issued an order eliminating the necessity of such an untenable choice
Huth's attorney Gloria Allred says she intends to depose Playboy mogul Hugh Hefner and Renita Hill, another accuser whose defamation suit was dismissed because no evidence to prove her claim.
Stay tuned!!!
Filed Under: Celebrity News Tagged With: Bill Cosby, Judy Huth
lilycat says
Allred is planning to dispose Hefner. Wow! I'm wondering if she's planning to dispose also Hefner's long-time girlfriend, Barbie Benton.
gphi says
I just hope that things keep going Mr. Cosby's way. PEACE!!!
Joshua Cosby says
Go My Big Brother Go!!!!!!!!!!!! I Love You Bill Cosby My Buddy My Man Love Our High Functioning Autistic Aspergers Friend One Fan Joshua Cosby


Every year, Anil Kapoor's wife Sunita Kapoor throws a lavish party at the Kapoor residence in Juhu in honour of Karva Chauth.
This year, the party was just as grand as the previous ones, bringing together Kapoors' closest friends decked up in their festive best. While Sridevi had jaws dropping in a red and gold sari, other guests picked anarkalis and kurtas perfect for the occasion. We spotted Kanika Kapoor, Raveena Tandon, Shabana Azmi, Padmini Kolhapure, Rima Jain, Karuna Dhawan, Maheep Kapoor, Bhavana Pandey, Dipti Sandesara and Kaykasshan Patel, along with Anil Kapoor, Anupam Kher, Chunky Pandey, Varun Dhawan, Sanjay Kapoor, Manoj Jain and Boney Kapoor. Scroll through to check out all the vibrant party pictures.


At the southern part of the island lies Perissa. A seaside village with more than five kilometres long dark beach. Main characteristic is the enormous rock, called Mesa Vouno rising 264 meters from the sea and offers a great landscape by night when the rock is lighted. Worth seeing at Perissa is the magnificent five-domed church of the Holy Cross which was rebuilted on the same site and on the same dimension, after the its destruction in 1956. The Byzantine church of Agia Irini (St. Irini) worth visiting too. Is the patron saint of the island and local people honour her on 29th of August. Agia Irini died on the island while her exile, on 304 a.d. One of the campings of the island is located in Perissa. The village also, offers a great variety of luxurious hotels, restaurants, beach bars and night clubs.


International Business Schools are found in many countries including the US. Almost every business school in the country offers a concentration in international business. International Business Schools emphasize on the study of globalization of business, global corporate world, applied economics, business psychology, business administration and marketing techniques.
What will I learn in International Business Schools?
The core curriculum of International Business Schools is no different from that of typical business schools.
Most international business schools will help you develop cultural sensitivity. You will learn how breaking into emerging markets requires you to understand the needs of the locals and how they differ from western clients. You will learn how each nation has its own negotiation and discussion technique, for example the Japanese have great respect for hierarchy and will rarely make a decision without consulting their head offices. You will also learn how networking and business relations vary between countries.
International Business Schools emphasize learning through internships abroad. You will often be required to complete specific modules in language and cultural studies before enrolling in such internships. These internships will also give you a real world perspective on the global corporate arena.
International Business Schools will also provide you with training through extensive discussions and case studies that will expose you to different points of view on the same subject.
Can I study at International Business Schools online?
Yes, many International Business Schools offer training online. You can complete your bachelor's or master's degree online. In some cases it is possible to complete an online doctorate.
International Business Schools will offer lecture videos in a format that can be streamed. International Business Schools will also provide you with all relevant class handouts in an electronic format that you can download. International Business Schools will allow you to complete and submit assignments online. You can also engage in discussions with your peers through forums and social media.
What are my career options after studying at international business schools?
Careers related to this field include sales, marketing, operations and management roles. The studies you complete at International Business Schools will provide you with a sound academic foundation for the relevant field.
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that operations and general managers made a median wage of $95,440 in 2012.
According to O*Net Online, sales managers earned a median annual salary of $108,540 in 2013. The website also projected that the number of professionals working in this capacity would increase by 8 to 14 percent from 2012 to 2022.
O*Net Online also stated that the median hourly wage of marketing managers was $59.24 per hour in 2013 and further estimated that from 2012 to 2022, the demand for these professionals will increase.
Q:My search related to International business schools led me to Business Budgeting course. Can you tell me details?
A:You often come across the reference of various courses and programs relevant to the field when going through search such as International Business Schools. Business Budgeting course is included in a number of programs relevant to the field. In this course the students get to study about the process of business budgeting and how to manage it effectively.


It usually pays to keep in touch with colleagues. My Production Manager from Starship Troopers, Christopher Morrison, left me in the dust and went on to directing music videos and soon had one feature film under his belt. By this time I'd left Dreamworks and had decided to spend time focused on my music. We were talking and Mink (Christopher) told me about his current feature and that the composer they'd hired had taken the upfront 50% and then simply disappeared. I told him I'd do the score for the other 50%, grabbed my instructor and one of my classmates from a Pro-Tools class I was taking, and we created the score for Full Clip. I suppose if I'd know that the other half was only $5,000 I might have thought twice, but probably not, as it got me my first "music by" screen credit.


DUNLOP is a world class tire brand of Japan. It is used by many manufacturer as OEM and of course at domestic race scene but also overseas. It features innovative products such as tires with the technology of Multiple Tread structure.
It is quite hard Tire from the beginning. Gold amount is cheap so I can not ask for it, but I think that it is not a Tire that runs on Sports. It is hard. I think Tire Tire.


AIMS Public Health , 2017, 4(2): 189-201. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2017.2.189.
Background: Declining physical activity (PA) and associated health risk factors are well established. Workplace strategies to increase PA may be beneficial to ameliorate extensive sedentary behavior. This study assessed the effectiveness of two PA interventions in workplace settings. Methods: Interventions were conducted over 40 days targeting insufficiently active (<150 min/wk PA) and/or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) adults; participants were randomly allocated to instructor-led exercise sessions either after-work (n = 25) or in-work (n = 23) with a 60 minPA/day common goal, or a wait-listed control group (n = 23). The programme commenced with low-moderate physical activities and progressed to high intensity game style activities by week six. Adherence and compliance were determined using both objective measures of daily PA time from HR monitors and self-report responses to PA questionnaires. Cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors were measured pre- and post-intervention. Changes across the study were analysed using Chi square and repeat-measures ANOVA. Results: Adherence rates (completed pre and post-testing) were not different between groups (76.0 vs 65.2%). Compliance for the instructor-led sessions was higher for the after-work group (70.4% vs 26.4%, respectively). Increased total PA and aerobic fitness, and decreased weight in both intervention groups were found relative to controls. The after-work group undertook more vigorous PA, and had greater weight loss and fasting blood glucose improvement, relative to in-work participants and controls. Conclusions: These workplace interventions resulted in rapid and dramatic increases in PA behaviour and important health benefits. Short, in-work PA sessions were less efficacious than longer after-work sessions.
1. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Risks:Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva, WHO; 2009.
2. Brown WJ, Miller YD, Miller R (2003) Sitting time and work patterns as indicators of overweight and obesity in Australian adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 27: 1340-1346.
3. Miller R, Brown WJ (2004) Steps and Sitting in a Working Population. Int J Behav Med 11: 219-224.
4. Department of Health. Australia's Physical Activity & Sedentary Guidelines for Adults (18–64 years). 2014. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health-pubhlth-strateg-phys-act-guidelines#apaadult.
5. Laddu D, Dow C, Hingle M, et al. (2011) A Review of evidence-based strategies to treat obesity in adults. Nutr Clin Prac 26: 512-525.
6. Engbers LH, van Poppel MNM, Paw M, et al. (2005) Worksite health promotion programmes with environmental changes - a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 29: 61-70.
7. Verweij LM, Coffeng J, van Mechelen W, et al. (2011) Meta-analyses of workplace physical activity and dietary behaviour interventions on weight outcomes. Obes Rev 12: 406-429.
8. Kahn E, Ramsey L, Brownson R, et al. (2002) The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 22: 73-107.
9. Foster C, Hillsdon M, Thorogood M, et al. (2005) Interventions for promoting physical activity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003180. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003180.pub2.
10. Dugdill L, Brettle A, Hulme C, et al. (2008) Workplace physical activity interventions: a systematic review. Int J Workplace Health Manag 1: 20-40.
11. King AC, Stokols D, Talin E, et al. (2002) Theoretical approaches to the promotion of physical activity. Forging a transdisciplinary paradigm. Am J Prev Med 23: 15-25.
12. Norton L, Norton KI, Lewis N, et al. (2011) A comparison of two short-term intensive physical activity interventions: methodological considerations. Int J Behav Nutr Phy 8: 133.
13. Norton LH, Norton KI, Lewis NR (2015) Adherence, compliance and health risk factor changes following short-term physical activity interventions. Biomed Res Int 1-9.
14. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). The Active Australia Survey: a guide and manual for implementation, analysis and reporting. Canberra: AIHW; 2003.
15. Sports Medicine Australia (SMA). Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) Pre-Exercise Screening System, 2005. Avaliable from: http://sma.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/new_pre_screening.pdf.
16. Department of the Arts, Sport, the Environment and Territories [DASET]: Pilot Survey of the Fitness of Australians. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service; 1992.
17. National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Australian Dietary Guidelines, 2013. Available from: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publications/n55.
18. Norton KI and Olds TS (Eds.) (2000) Anthropometrica. Sydney: UNSW Press.
19. Shephard MDS, Mazzachi BC, Shephard AK (2007) Comparative performance of two point-of-care analysers for lipid testing. Clin Lab 53: 561-566.
20. Murtagh EM, Boreham CAG, Nevill A, et al. (2005) The effects of 60 minutes of brisk walking per week, accumulated in two different patterns, on cardiovascular risk. Prev Med 41: 92-97.
21. Bellew B. Primary prevention of chronic disease in Australia through interventions in the workplace setting: a rapid review. Available from: https://www.saxinstitute.org.au/publications/evidence-check-review-prevention-of-chronic-disease-in-the-workplace/.
22. Katz DL, O'Connell M, Ming-Chin Y, et al. (2005) Public health strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in school and worksite settings: a report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR Recomm Rep 54: 1-12.
23. Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Johnson JL, et al. (2004) Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE-a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med 164: 31-39.
24. O'Donovan G, Owen A, Bird SR, et al. (2005) Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factors following 24 wk of moderate- or high-intensity exercise of equal energy cost. J Appl Physiol 98: 1619-1625.
25. Warburton DER, Nicol CW, Bredin SSD ( 2006) Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ 174:801-809.
26. Church TS, Earnest CP, Skinner JS, et al. (2007) Effects of different doses of physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness among sedentary, overweight or obese post-menopausal women with elevated blood pressure. JAMA 297: 2081-2091.
27. Malik SH, Blake H, Suggs LS (2014) A systematic review of workplace health promotion interventions for increasing physical activity. Br J Health Psychol 19: 149-180.
28. World Health Organization. Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. Available from: http://who.int/dietphysicalactivity/en/.
29. Marshall SJ and Ramirez E (2011) Reducing sedentary behavior: a new paradigm for physical activity promotion. Am J Lifestyle Med 5: 518-530.


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Live@NationalSawdust
Artists-in-Residence
National Sawdust Tracks
In Situ:
Journey LIVE
Sign up for the waitlist to hear about any openings
Friday, July 8th 8pm-12am
You wake alone, surrounded by miles of burning, sprawling desert, and soon discover the looming mountaintop that is your goal. Faced with rolling sand dunes, age-old ruins, caves and howling winds, your passage will not be an easy one.
The Chicago-based Fifth House Ensemble (praised by the New York Times for its "conviction, authority and finesse") teams up with composer Austin Wintory to present an original, interactive live performance of his Grammy-nominated score to the video game Journey. Described as "the most beautiful game of its time" by IGN, critics have called Journey one of gaming's crowning achievements. It is the fastest selling game to date on the Playstation Network. In this unprecedented collaboration, live musicians respond to the actions of game players in real time on stage.
Other In Situ Events
Leila Adu Record Release
June 29, 2016 - 7:00pm Leila Adu has released four acclaimed albums including, 'Dark Joan,' recorded by Steve Albini and 'Ode to the Unknown Factory Worker' produced for the Italian National Radio. London's 'Time Out' called her music, 'Avante-garde pop that recalls Nina Simone and Tim Buckley" and reviewers have placed her in an arena with other female icons such as Joni Mitchell, PJ Harvey, Micachu and Esperanza Spalding.
In Situ: American Modern Ensemble Awards Night
Apr 29, 2016 - 7:00pm Each season, American Modern Ensemble is proud to hold three annual competitions for composers of ALL ages. Winners receive performances, with recordings, videos, and cash awards. Join us at National Sawdust for our "Awards Night" concert, featuring an evening of works by composers who won AME's Ninth Annual composition competitions.
In Situ: Brother Outsider Screening
June 10, 2016 - 7:00pm Five years in the making and the winner of more than 25 international awards and honors, Brother Outsider illuminates the life and work of Bayard Rustin, a visionary activist and strategist who has been called "the invisible man" and "the unknown hero" of the civil rights movement. A disciple of Gandhi, a mentor to Martin Luther King Jr., and chief organizer of the 1963 March on Washington, Rustin dared to live as an openly gay man during the fiercely homophobic 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. A talented tenor who sang in Josh White's quartet and appeared on Broadway with Paul Robeson in the 1930s, Rustin used singing as a central element in his lifelong advocacy for social change. In 2013, Rustin received a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom — America's highest civilian honor — from Barack Obama, who described him as "an unyielding activist for civil rights, dignity, and equality for all who fought tirelessly for marginalized communities at home and abroad… As an openly gay African American, Mr. Rustin stood at the intersection of several of the fights for equal rights."
June 20, 2016 - 8:30pm The new Okkervil River album is called Away. I didn't plan to make it and initially wasn't sure if it was going to be an Okkervil River album or if I'd ever put it out. I wrote the songs during a confusing time of transition in my personal and professional life and recorded them quickly with a brand new group of musicians.
July 16, 2016 - 7:00pm National Sawdust invites you to Sacred Geometry, a meditative electro-acoustic improvisation on visual sound patterns generated by resonances of sound waves. Music by Ricardo Romaneiro with live projections by Christian Hannon.
Paul de Jong
June 30, 2016 - 10:30pm Paul de Jong, formerly of the Books presents his new solo performance, with his 2015 debut album 'IF' on Temporary Residence Ltd as a musical starting point. De Jong shines new light on his signature musical blend of odd spoken word samplings, mashed studio recordings and live instruments.
In Situ: Eric Andersen sings Albert Camus
Apr 16, 2016 - 9:30pm Eric Andersen's concert will be a highlight of the upcoming NYC retrospective "CAMUS: A STRANGER IN THE CITY" a series of events from March 26 - April 19 to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the French writer's one and only trip to the U.S.A in 1946.
The Last Samurai, An Evening of Music and Reading
July 30, 2016 - 7:30pm Helen DeWitt's first novel, The Last Samurai, was published in 2000 by Talk Miramax Books and subsequently in nineteen other countries. Timo Andres is a composer and pianist who frequently performs with the new music ensemble ACME and is one sixth of the Sleeping Giant composers' collective.
Kaze (The Wind) by Mari Kimura/Harmonic Constellations by Michael Harrison
June 09, 2016 - 7:00pm This event celebrates two world premieres, two CD release launches and a debut of our original wearable motion sensor named µgic (pronounced mu-zik).
In Situ: Radical Face Night 2
May 27, 2016 - 9:30pm Ben Cooper, AKA Radical Face, has spent over a decade crafting a trilogy of albums that is tied together in the theme of a fictitious family spanning over a century. The third installment of the album Trilogy, "The The Family Tree: The Leaves" will be released on March 25th, 2016, and in celebration Radical Face will be doing a series of intimate concerts inspired and themed around characters and stories from The Family Tree.
In Situ: John Paul White + The Secret Sisters
June 21, 2016 - 7:00pm John Paul White is a Grammy award-winning singer-songwriter who proudly resides in Florence, Alabama. As one half of the critically acclaimed The Civil Wars, White toured the world and introduced millions to his music. Now, he's a co-founder of Single Lock Records, an independent record label based in the Shoals.
In Situ: Digital City
June 04, 2016 - 10pm National Sawdust invites you to DIGITAL CITY, an improvisatory electro-acoustic evening that weaves the listener through layers of pulsating grooves and radiant harmonies. Featuring music by Ricardo Romaneiro in performance with members of Sandbox Percussion, Jacqui Kerrod (harp loops), Vasko Dukovski (bass clarinet), Leo Leite (sound engineer), NoisioN (analog synths) & David Zisa (modular synth). Accompanied by live visual projections by Mau.
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Author Name HUNT, THOMAS H.; ADAMS, ROBERT V. H. ( PHOTOGRAPHS BY).
Publisher American West Publishing Company, California: 1974.
Ghost Trails to California is a most remarkable book. Not only does it provide the history-minded reader with detailed information, pictures, and maps that may change historians' placement of some of these emigrant trails, but it also provides the present-day hiker with the opportunity. Includes an Index.
(Key Words: Nature, Travel, California, America, History, Trails, Hiking, Camping, Route, Land, Indians, Donner Party, Humboldt River, Sierra Nevada, Truckee River, Alonzo Delano, Forty Mile Desert, Hastings Cutoff Route, Thomas H. Hunt).


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Will US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation Respond?
Posted on September 3, 2015 September 24, 2018 By Eileen Fleming No Comments on Will US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation Respond?
The U.S. Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation is the largest and most diverse coalition of hundreds of groups and organizations working to change U.S. policy toward Palestine/Israel to support human rights, international law, and equality.
By Eileen Fleming with contribution from Hal
The US Campaign will be holding its 14th Annual National Conference this September 25-27, in Atlanta. "This year's conference, Advancing a Mass Movement for Palestine, will focus on how we can push a mass movement for Palestinian rights through education, engaging with progressive forces, and being in solidarity with other struggles for justice…"
This reporter who is a member of the U.S. Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation/CEIO, will not be able to attend. But in solidarity with the struggle for justice, my questions and concerns follow my expression of gratitude to the CEIO for recognizing me in their 2008 EXPRESSIONS OF NAKBA with an Honorable Mention for an excerpt from my first historical fiction inspired by the life of Dr. Khaled Diab.
Dr. Diab was a 1948 Palestinian Muslim refugee who made his way to the USA and after a long career in the Defense Industry with top secret clearance he united American Jews, Christians, Muslims and others when he founded The Olive Trees Foundation for Peace as a positive response to that day we call 9/11.
I deeply respect CEIO's years of advocacy as well as Alison Weir, the acclaimed author, journalist and director of If Americans Knew, who in 2001 traveled on her dime to Gaza and the West Bank; thus I am deeply disturbed over her recent expulsion by the CEIO.
The scandal over Weir's expulsion from CEIO has distressed many others in the pro-Palestinian human rights Solidarity community as it focuses on the issue of what outreach is permissible in a social justice campaign that opposes racism.
Racism is the belief that all members of any "race" possess characteristics specific to that "race", so as to distinguish them as inferior or superior to another "race."
Anthropologists today recognize, categorizations of people based on race have been too often arbitrary, exaggerated, and misinterpreted, since they are really based on minor differences like skin color and on changeable, cultural qualities. Racist thinking is also a problem because in speaking categorically about a whole group, it overlooks major differences even within the group, like differences of opinions and beliefs.
Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior is racist!
In fact, this discrimination is the worst form of racism because it harmfully imposes these absolutist categorizations on people regardless of their individuality. Even if a person does not believe in racism in the strict sense of seeing all members of a "race" as superior, it is still intolerant and wrong for them discriminate against a whole class of people based simply on race.
How can we promote the uplifting belief of the equal worth of all peoples?
This reporter contends racism can only be eradicated through education when it leads to compassion. Education is the act or process of imparting new ideas, so that others acquire knowledge and develop the powers of reason and judgment. Compassion is the response to the suffering of others and will motivate a strong desire to help alleviate the others misfortune.
Because of the importance of the intrinsic equality of all people, education is required to expose ongoing instances of discriminatory oppression and harsh, unequal, segregated systems in the world today.
But this alone might be insufficient on major issues where ignorance on or even support for such oppressive inequality is frequent and a result of the mass media.
In those unfortunate cases, there is a risk that limiting our audiences to those who have succeeded in overcoming prejudices could be "preaching to the choir."
Preaching to the choir means speaking only to those who already believe as you do.
Shouldn't activists who campaign to promote equality on such major issues directly engage in some instances with audiences or segments of the population with intolerant views?
Couldn't champions of full civil rights for African Americans, of opposing anti-Arab discrimination and Islamophobia, of opposing stereotypes and misinformed biases against Palestinians, or of opposing anti-Semitism speak directly and clearly to such audiences to turn their views around to try to set them on the right path?
The sharpest prejudices against Palestinians are frequently found among strong conservatives.
During the 2012 election cycle, Newt Gingrich, a candidate in the Republican presidential primaries, said that "we've had invented Palestinian people who are in fact Arabs and… they had a chance to go many places, and for a variety of political reasons we have sustained this war against Israel".
Gingrich's competitor, Mitt Romney, went to Jerusalem where he openly contrasted the Israeli per capita GDP of $21,000 with that of the Palestinian authority – $10,000, concluding to his audience: "Culture makes all the difference."
In describing Israeli peace negotiations with the Palestinian Authority, right wing talk show host Rush Limbaugh said: "This is good versus evil, as far as I'm concerned."
For a long time, such rhetoric has been not unusual among strong conservatives, since in the run up to the Iraq war, Republican Majority Leader Dick Armey said: "The Palestinians should leave" their homeland.
The Mainstream Media allows these racist remarks to go unchallenged despite ethnic cleansing being morally unjustifiable.
International Law also clearly forbids the acquisition of territory by force and the expulsion of civilians by an occupying army. United Nations' General Assembly and Security Council resolutions 242 (1967), 252 (1968) and 338 (1973), among others, clearly state that the acquisition of territory by force is inadmissible.
The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War states:
Article 49: Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.
Unchallenged declarations from intolerant media and political figures, combined with the mass media's unspoken restrictions on revealing Palestinians' human rights catastrophe, instill or reinforce prejudice in their audiences.
Only 11% of Republicans have a positive view of the Palestinian Authority, while a majority of conservatives don't even believe that Palestinians should have their own state.
Is it valid for human rights activists, cut off from reaching those audiences, to counter anti-Palestinian prejudice by including several interviews on programs with prejudiced, right wing audiences as part of a broad awareness campaign?
Is the risk of speaking to racist audiences too great if one can be judged by other activists to have failed to sufficiently challenge racism?
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects publication of information and opinions, and applies to a wide variety of media. In addition to the right of assembly guaranteed by this clause, the Supreme Court ruled that the amendment implicitly protects freedom of association. Freedom of association is the right to join or leave groups of a person's own choosing, which is an individual right and a collective right, guaranteed by all modern and democratic legal systems, including the United States Bill of Rights, and in Articles 20 and 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
When I learned of CEIO's censure of Alison Weir I wrote Witch-hunts, USS LIBERTY and If Americans Only Knew!
I recalled the first time I met Weir, in September 2008.
We had both been invited to speak at an Israel Palestine conference at the University of South Florida in Tampa.
Weir spoke on the first night to about 50 in a room that could easily have held 200.
I was scheduled to speak the following evening regarding the journeys I made on my dime to both sides of The Wall in Israel Palestine.
During the day I met a few Hillel members while on campus and we engaged in a passionate discussion and I looked forward to furthering our debate that evening.
However, they complained about me to the organizers of the group and I was dis-invited a few hours before the event was to begin.
I learned afterwards that on the evening I was to speak there was standing room only and one of the organizers told me she "smoothed things over".
Another reason I was dis-invited to speak at USF was because I challenged an Ethics Class by raising the issue of Mordechai Vanunu's freedom of speech trial essentially because they had not heard it reported on FOX News!
I departed the University of South Florida in Tampa wondering why is it that the pain of some will lead them to choose censorship, apathy, hatred, injury, discord, error, and darkness while others choose dialogue, compassion, love, forgiveness, unity, truth, and light?
I still wonder about that and yet remain convinced that free speech and education is the only solution!
A reader of Witch-hunts, USS LIBERTY and If Americans Only Knew, furthered my education by sharing the following letter he wrote in August to the US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation.
Because the US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation has not yet responded to Hal's letter, it is published here with hope for one.
Dear Steering Committee of the US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation:
I belong to two Solidarity groups that are discussing your decision to expel Alison Weir, and am writing to better understand your July 16 Statement on it. Weir's case is important because CEIO is a major, excellent organization advocating Palestinians' rights. We deeply respect and appreciate your work and value your decisions.
It is important to combat racism and anti-Semitism, and to avoid advocating either. You rightly said in your Statement on Weir that "legitimate criticism of Israeli policies"[i] has often been misportrayed as anti-Semitic, and thus it is necessary to distinguish between them. The overall issue that I see is how to decide whether activists have condoned anti-Semitism. CEIO is a broad organization with many members, and activists could look to the grounds used in your Statement to make their own judgments about other activists. So in this letter I am just asking about the criteria used in your decision, and this is not to excuse any actions by Weir unmentioned in the Statement.
In general, my presumption is that human rights activists are anti-racist. Weir says that she "participated in the civil rights movement (and was once arrested for this)", protested the Vietnam War, and has a long "history of opposition to racism against African Americans, Jewish Americans and others".[ii] Weir claims that she opposes anti-Semitism as "abhorrent", as she writes in her essay "Choosing to Act: Anti-Semitism is Wrong".[iii] Should it matter if a prominent activist's actions under question represent only a tiny fraction of her life's work? I prefer to give activists the benefit of a doubt when possible, and were I to judge against them I would prefer to rely on direct statements more than on inferences or associations.
General Principles.
I strongly agree with your general principle that "we must also ensure that our actions… do not serve to support or perpetuate other racist or bigoted behaviors, practices, and structures."[iv] It is important to see how this applies to concrete situations to see if someone clearly violated it. As you said, the need to avoid Divisiveness is not enough reason to simply ignore the principle of anti-racism. You wrote:
In Ms. Weir's response and public comments, she insists that we need to spread the word about Palestinian rights, wherever we can, to gain more allies to our cause. We strongly believe that one cannot be an ally to the Palestinian cause if one's objection to Israel's actions toward Palestinians is part and parcel of one's broader worldview of hatred toward all non-whites and non-Christians.[v]
By "ally" I think you mean a close ally of the kind that CEIO could include in its ranks and who would serve the people's real long-term interests, not just any supporters of Palestinian independence like Muslim fundamentalists. It would be helpful to see a quote by Weir on this. Could she be talking generally about using the full range of media outlets to gain allies to the anti-racist "cause" of advocacy for Palestinians rights, instead of seeing all self-professed supporters of Palestinians as close allies regardless of whether they refuse to change their worldviews? She claims: "My goal is to try to reach everyone with the fundamental principle that all racism is wrong and to provide facts that will counter the falsehoods being given to them about Palestinians".[vi]
You wrote: "Some, including Ms. Weir, have incorrectly claimed that the US Campaign is acting at the behest of Jewish Voice for Peace. This suggestion seems to assume that only Jews can be concerned about anti-Semitism and racism in our movement." Do you think that Weir could have had another reason for imagining this, like JVP's disavowal of collaboration with Weir only a month previously that focused on the same interview with Clay Douglas, along with a JVP member being on CEIO's Steering Committee?
Direct Statements by Weir
The best evidence of a violation would be broad, direct statements against an ethnicity. It's hard to rely on inferences from statements that only relate to some other group, as the Salaita scandal showed. Some of Steven Salaita's tweets really were objectionable, like: "There's something profoundly sexual to the Zionist pleasure w/ Israel's aggression… Sublimation through bloodletting, a common perversion."[vii] However, Salaita's defenders would say that even if he made uncivil tweets, he did not tweet against an entire ethnicity. To me, Salaita's case suggests that we should avoid using unnecessary inferences to judge a progressive activist.
The essay by Weir that you found objectionable was on the Israeli organ harvesting scandal. As you said, Weir responded to those who attacked a Swedish paper's report on the scandal as "a new 'blood libel' by citing the research of Ariel Toaff, who purported to have uncovered" a real instance of the medieval blood libel. Weir's stated purpose for discussing Toaff was to show that reactions against the report were as intense as those against Toaff's book, rather than to promote the libel, since she said: "Given that fact [i.e. "the multitude of charges that his article is a new version of the old anti-Semitic 'blood libel.'"], it is interesting to examine a 2007 book by Israel's preeminent expert on medieval Jewish history, and what happened to him."[viii]
It's worth noting that Weir said in the beginning of her essay that the medieval libel was "widely refuted", that she declared the libel "anti-Semitic", that she didn't actually assert it was true, and that on the IAK website she posted Israel Shahak's writing calling the libel an "ignorant calumny" "propagated by benighted monks in small provincial cities".[ix]
Your Statement also focused on Weir's August 25, 2010 appearance on Clay Douglas' radio show. As you noted, Weir claimed that "Muslims feel very close to Christians" and have "reverence" for them, but "sadly, if you look at the theology of Judaism, that is quite different." Is your conclusion that since Weir rues Judaism's "quite different" theological position toward Christians, she must be intolerant of Judaism? Could she be saying this because she values interfaith harmony and respect, rather because of prejudice?
Next, you pointed to what I find to be one of Weir's most problematic statements to Douglas: "Ms. Weir acknowledged several books Douglas mentioned when discussing communism and its connection to Jewish people, stating that she 'read some portions of those books and they are as you say, they do discuss the Jewish connection to the Gulags…'"
Here, Weir is mentioning a "Jewish connection to the Gulags." But a difficulty in drawing further negative inferences is that she didn't say what she thought about it. Thinking about this sensitive topic in a purely academic way, could one reason that: Many Jews rightfully participated in overthrowing the Tsar's autocracy; then after the Revolution, they participated in the Soviet government at some higher rate than the population, and naturally this applied to officials maintaining the GULAG. I don't see any particularly anti-Semitic conclusions that should legitimately be drawn from that participation. I definitely don't conclude that the Jewish people collectively supported the GULAG. So does Weir just share my own opinion on this, or would she draw discriminatory inferences? I don't know beyond her saying that she read "some portions" of books like Solzhenitsyn's that discuss the alleged connection.
Looking through these three passages, I understand how one could infer conclusions against her: e.g. since Weir discussed Toaff's writing and accepted that there was "a connection to the GULAG" that she could be subtly promoting these ideas. But are these really necessary conclusions about her?
Implicit Condonement
Your Statement also objected to passages in Weir's repost on her blog of Roger Tucker's essay. The first passage was a quote from Antisemitism: Its History and Causes by Bernard Lazare, a chief literary opponent of French anti-Semitism, claiming that "the general causes of antisemitism have always resided in Israel itself, and not in those who antagonized it." I strongly disagree with this quote, because the general cause is really the inability to overcome cultural and ethnic differences, and that inability clearly applies to the people's antagonists. Lazare's explanation in this chapter of his book was: "This does not mean that justice was always on the side of Israel's persecutors… All through history we see the conquered peoples submit to the laws of the conqueror", but that it was "Not so with the Jewish people… who could neither be conquered, nor even assailed… [they] could not abandon the divine laws".[x] So Tucker's quote from Lazare was not necessarily blaming victims, and Lazare saw among the "general causes" virtues like inconquerability, maintaining distinct nationality, and adherence to God's rules.
But the problem is not just one sentence from Lazare. Tucker strung together nine other objectionable ideas in the first two excerpts that you pointed to. Perhaps someone could explain how those objectionable ideas are not anti-Semitic, but I am not interested in doing so, and would prefer if Weir removed them.
The next question becomes: Does hosting an essay on a blog mean that the website owner supports all the statements in it? Mondoweiss, a leading Solidarity blog, regularly posts essays by Marc Ellis, a Jewish American like Tucker whose statements are similarly offensive, like: "For when Jews took this collective plunge into perpetrating the cycle of violence and atrocity in Palestine – and then defend it – real Jewish crimes and myths about Jewish menace and conspiracy were bound to coalesce. Which they have."[xi] There are many passages like this by Ellis on Mondoweiss,[xii] but does this mean that its editors like Adam Horowitz, who signed a declaration against Gilad Atzmon for promoting anti-Semitism, agree with them?
Besides Weir posting Tucker's essay, you objected to Weir making "little to no effort to challenge, confront, or rebut" offensive statements by Clay Douglas during her interviews. I find so many of Douglas' statements on his website so intolerant that if Weir actually advocated wholesale his offensive views, I wouldn't need clarification about expelling her. However, I question whether silence itself means that an interviewee supports an interviewer's claims.[xiii] Further, in the instances you raised from her interview, Weir often did challenge some major aspect of Douglas' statements, although she didn't go through and debunk every part. Let me address issues that you raised in her April 23 and August 25 interviews:
Disparaging Arabs? Your Statement said that Douglas disparaged Arabs 5:00 minutes into the August 25th interview. There, his only mention of them seemed to be an objection to "the Israelis' treatment of the Palestinians".[xiv] Could you say how this disparaged the latter? As you pointed out, Douglas also asked: "The Palestinians aren't Arabs; there's a lot of them that are Christians too, aren't they?" It's true that broadly speaking, Palestinians are Arabs, but can't someone legitimately claim that Palestinians as a people are distinct from the broad Arab identity in order to show that their historical national claims long precede the Arab conquest? What do you think of Weir's reply, when she said: "Well, Arab is just like saying Europeans, it doesn't denote a religion. So yes, many Arabs are Christians, many Arabs are Muslims, some Arabs are Jews"?
Douglas' offensive remarks on "Jewish control" You drew attention to her failure to object when Douglas said that people told him: "You need to take that link off of your site to the Protocols of the Elders of Zion… And Alison Weir, you know, she's a communist… she's funded by the Arabs, and you need to take [her] film off of your site." Weir responded that she was not a communist, Douglas quickly added more questions, and she didn't return to challenge Douglas' weblink. In judging Weir's failure, is it relevant that her website has two essays rejecting the Protocols as an "old czarist forgery"?[xv]
As you pointed out, Douglas claimed that the White House put up a menorah, and that "we can't have a Christmas tree on the White House lawn anymore". Although she didn't know that this was false, could Weir's answer be considered a challenge?:
I don't know–is that true? I can't… You know, sometimes we all hear things and we pass them on, and sometimes the things that we hear and pass on are true, and sometimes it turns out to be one of these urban myths that many of us have believed and told others and then it turns out somebody looks into it and it's not true. So I personally don't know for sure if it is the case, that a menorah can be on the White House lawn, but a Christmas tree cannot.
Next, as you noted, Weir did challenge Douglas when he claimed that "the Jews control the media", by saying: "I don't think it's ever accurate to say the Jews. It's not a monolithic group" and that "sometimes, I think, the majority of Jewish Americans may oppose" the policies wrongly ascribed to them.[xvi]
Douglas jumped in, saying he "agreed with that", kept talking, and as you pointed out, she didn't go back and discuss media control. Weir responded likewise to Douglas when he said: "…the Jews put a full page ad in the New York Times declaring–", and Weir interrupted: "Let me just correct you. Don't say 'The Jews'. It may sound to people that you are saying every Jewish-American did this, which, as you've just said is not true"?[xvii]
Douglas' other remarks As you said, Douglas complained about "demonizing" Apartheid South Africa, although he immediately ridiculously denied being a "racist" because he had African Americans on his program. Weir replied that "People like you and myself… probably have different views about different aspects of what you discussed, about racism". You also pointed to the part where Douglas asked Weir if Obama could be "setting the stage" for Schwarzenegger to become the next president if Obama didn't get impeached for "lack of a birth certificate". Weir replied: "I am not comforted by the way our political system is working because most of us aren't getting the full facts". I understand that Douglas' hypothesis was unreasonable and that some of Obama's opponents like Douglas are intolerant, but what specifically was racist in it that Weir failed to object to?
Could you please point me to where Weir directly said "that Douglas is not racist, violent, or anti-Semitic?" She did seem to make light of his violent comment that: "When you get all these people that say, 'Well, we need to kill all the blacks, we need to kill all the Jews' – No, No… I told [the genocidal Christian Identity movement] flat out… 'Man you'd better hope we don't get into a war, because if we do, you know, you're the first one I'm gonna shoot.'" Weir laughed and replied: "That would maybe make them [genocidists] think twice. You know, I think [the belief that] there are other human beings deserving of security, of dignity, etcetera, is what we're about. And what we're opposing is when that does not happen." But here it isn't clear that she was supporting violence per se, so much as supporting a fight against genocide.
So reviewing her statements to Douglas, it's true that she didn't challenge some of his offensive statements, and the question becomes whether her failure to make more than partial challenges shows that she approves of them. Alternately, would it matter if she would admit that she should have given better replies? She wrote on her website about this: "I don't pretend that I am perfect and that all my responses will be flawless; all I can do is try my hardest. I apologize if there were cases where I should have done better."[xviii]
Weir's Decision to Appear on Intolerant Programs
Besides the issue of Weir's reactions to Douglas' statements, you objected that "Weir is fully committed as a matter of principle to continuing to contribute to American Free Press, 'Free American Hour', and any other show regardless of its agenda. That may be her principle but it is not ours." Was it just her appearances on the programs that were grounds for expulsion, or was it her failure to challenge them, since you wrote: "knowing full well Douglas's larger record of white supremacist views, Ms. Weir made little to no effort to challenge" his worldview?
Personally I strongly wish to avoid contributing to Douglas' program or to American Free Press because I am aware of their intolerance and definitely do not want others mistakenly associating me with them. But even though this does not apply to me personally, expelling human rights activists for this raises many questions. First, do you know of a precedent in major progressive mass movements like the Civil Rights or Vietnam-era Anti-War movements where prominent humanitarian activists were banned for appearing on offensive programs and failing to challenge their hosts' views?
Second, Weir did oppose racism numerous times in Douglas' two interviews you highlighted, as when she said: "I never say 'the CIA' does this, I never say 'the Jews' do this. What it is are specific individuals within these groups that are doing these things." Another time, she promoted Jews, Muslims, and Christians living together peacefully: "Jews, Christians and Muslims lived in Palestine for centuries, without armed conflict, without conflict, all practicing their religions. Christians and Jews lived throughout Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Morocco… Jewish, Christian and Muslim human beings all living, without wiping one another out…"[xix] So where must we draw the line between these kinds of challenges to racism and sufficient opposition?
Third, what do you think about Weir's decision to appear on a right wing Israeli program that manipulated her interview, as she related:
I have appeared on radio programs across the political spectrum from the far left to the far right, and some years ago even went on a right-wing Israeli talk show. I knew ahead of time that this show would be unpleasant, and, indeed the host frequently turned off my microphone while another individual attacked me on air with false claims that I was left unable to defend against. But I felt it was important to even try to reach Israeli listeners, including conservative ones.
Fourth, how should we apply the ban against speaking on intolerant venues to other activists?
Stephen Lendman, a radio host for the Progressive News Hour, was on Clay Douglas' radio program[xx] and his articles have been promoted on your News page.[xxi] Your Statement portrayed the American Free Press' intolerance as obvious from its website, with its defenses of the Confederate flag, etc. How should we relate to others who have appeared on the AFP like Ray McGovern, the Corries, Dr. Avner Cohen, CodePink director Rae Abileah, Guardian columnist Suzanne McGee, and CAIR director Zahra Billoo?[xxii] Perhaps they were not all unaware of AFP's offensive views, since McGovern appeared on AFP repeatedly?
How should we react to Noam Chomsky's essay portraying Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson as a "liberal" and claiming that Chomsky found no evidence that he was anti-Semitic?[xxiii] Chomsky's essay became the preface to Faurisson's book and Chomsky openly regretted his unheeded request for Faurisson to remove this preface.
Fifth, as I said at the beginning, my main concern is not so much Weir's case as it is the larger precedent that its criteria set. Following the Statement against Weir, Solidarity activist Elise Hendrick noted that Counterpunch hosted not only Weir's article on organ harvesting, but many writers like Gilad Atzmon and Israel Shamir, commenting: "CounterPunch offers a very steady diet of white supremacist and other reactionary authors."[xxiv]
She then listed Counterpunch's leftist writers like Tariq Ali, Chomsky, Norman Finkelstein, and Amy Goodman, concluding that the leftist authors "whatever their intentions may be, are helping to mainstream a veritable cesspit of white-supremacist ideology". Might Solidarity organizations look to your decision in the future and act similarly against such leftist authors?
In conclusion, let me emphasize that I deeply appreciate your hard work for human rights, which has prompted my letter. I strongly support your sensitivity to anti-Semitism, and understand that Solidarity activists have raised reasonable views and criticisms of Weir. I do hope that you will give explanations about the questions I raised because of the impact on judging Solidarity activists. Many activists signed a petition on Weir's behalf,[xxv] but personally I really want to understand your thinking about this controversy.
Wishing you success in your advocacy as always,
[i] Statemnt on Complaint Filed Regarding Alison Weir and If Americans Knew, CEIO, July 16, 2015, http://www.endtheoccupation.org/article.php?id=4510
[ii] Alison Weir, "Please Help us Overcome the Accusations", http://ifamericansknew.org/about_us/accusations.html
[iii] Alison Weir, "Choosing to Act: Anti-Semitism is Wrong", http://ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/as.html ("Anti-Semitism is abhorrent to us. Acting in a way that even hints at this feels contaminating, morally and emotionally obscene.")
[iv] "US Campaign Anti-Racism Principles" http://www.endtheoccupation.org/article.php?id=3403#sthash.4IUoKarz.dpuf
[v] Steering Committee of the US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation, "Statement on Complaint Filed Regarding Alison Weir and If Americans Knew", July 16, 2015 http://www.endtheoccupation.org/article.php?id=4510#sthash.pr3ilaFo.dpuf
[vi] Alison Weir, "Please Help us Overcome the Accusations"
[vii] "The Salaita Scandal", The Forward http://forward.com/opinion/editorial/205518/the-salaita-scandal/
[viii] Alison Weir, "Israeli Organ Harvesting", August 28, 2009, http://www.counterpunch.org/2009/08/28/israeli-organ-harvesting
[ix] Israel Shahak, Jewish History, Jewish Religion, 2002, http://www.ifamericansknew.org/cur_sit/shahak.html
[x] Bernard Lazare, Antisemitism: Its History and Causes, 1894 https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/lazare-bernard/1894/antisemitism/ch01.htm
[xi] Marc H. Ellis, "When myths about Jews collide with Jewish reality", October 7, 2013, http://mondoweiss.net/2013/10/collide-jewish-reality
[xii] See e.g.: "The same accusation we made against others… those perpetrators and bystanders of history – are what we Jews have become." (http://mondoweiss.net/2013/06/prophetic-jewish-gatekeepers); "What we as Jews are doing to you, the Palestinian people, is wrong." (http://mondoweiss.net/2013/09/should-jews-break-bread-on-yom-kippur); "It was in the wake of the [1967] war that the Holocaust became central to Jewish identity. Simply put, Jews named Jewish suffering when Jewish power was assured." (http://mondoweiss.net/2012/08/exile-and-the-prophetic-jewish-reeducation); Like Jews and Christians, Muslims have little left of their ethical tradition." (http://mondoweiss.net/2013/09/should-jews-break-bread-on-yom-kippur) "…the New Testament stretches from Jesus to Auschwitz… the Gospels that are carried forth by Christians in the world. I think especially of the Gospel of Colonialism and the Gospel of Treblinka" – (http://mondoweiss.net/2014/11/reverend-sermonizes-jerusalem)
[xiii] Many people see silence as consent. But the feminist writer Maria Barreno suggested that silence means the opposite when people are expected to voice approval: "Let no one tell me that silence gives consent, because whoever is silent dissents." In law, silence usually does not prove agreement. (See e.g.: Stolt-Nielsen SA v. AnimalFeeds International, 130 S. Ct. 1758 – Supreme Court 2010)
[xiv] "Transcript: Alison Weir on The Free American Hour, August 25, 2010", If Americans Knew Alison Weir,
[xv] "Too Many Smoking Guns to Ignore", "The Israel Lobby and the Left"
[xvi] The Free America Hour, April 23, 2010,
[xvii] "Transcript: Alison Weir on The Free American Hour, August 25, 2010"
[xviii] Alison Weir, "Please Help us Overcome the Accusations"
[xix] "Transcript: Alison Weir on The Free American Hour, August 25, 2010"
[xx] Archived Shows, http://freeamerican.com/2013ArchivedShows.htm
[xxi] In the News, http://www.endtheoccupation.org/article.php?id=1644; In the News in 2012, http://www.endtheoccupation.org/section.php?id=399.
In your letter to Weir you also objected to Veterans News Now giving Weir an author page (she denies that she has an actual relationship with VNN), however VNN also has "author" pages for Stephen Lendman, James Wall, and West Chester history professor Larry Davidson, See e.g. http://www.veteransnewsnow.com/author/lendman, http://www.veteransnewsnow.com/author/davidson
[xxii] See e.g. the list of interviews on AFP's site: http://americanfreepress.net/?page_id=723
[xxiii] Faurisson affair, Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faurisson_affair
[xxiv] Elise Hendrick, "Counterpunch or Suckerpunch", July 19, 2015,
[xxv] "An open letter to the U.S. Campaign and other Activists for Justice in Palestine"
American Arabs, Arab World, Bloggers, Commentary, Palestine & Jordan Tags:Alison Weir, American Arabs, Arab people, Arab World, Freedom of speech, Israel, Mordechai Vanunu, Palestine, politics, United States, US Campaign to End the Israeli Occuption, Vanunu
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