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Home » Browse » Academic journals » History Journals » The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography » Article details, "A Traitor's Epiphany: Benedict Arnold in..."
Academic journal article The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
A Traitor's Epiphany: Benedict Arnold in Virginia and His Quest for Reconciliation
By Lender, Mark Edward; Martin, James Kirby
The apostasy of Maj. Gen. Benedict Arnold forever undermined his reputation as a Revolutionary hero, but even Arnold's most virulent critics generally have conceded his many talents as a soldier. The general was a magnetic combat leader; soldiers followed him into the heat of battle as they did few other officers. It was Arnold's intelligence, fearless combat leadership, and determination in the face of adversity that inspired troops, earned the admiration of George Washington, and aroused the jealousy of Horatio Gates and many others. Indeed, Arnold's exceptional record in command-he was not just any general-made his treason that much more appalling to Patriots. The "American Hannibal" had been one of their best, and he had turned against them.
Arnold confirmed his reputation for villainy on 6 September 1781 when he led a major raid into his home state of Connecticut. His target was the Thames River port of New London, a major rebel privateering center and commercial hub vital to the regional economy and the Patriot war effort. As a privateering base, New London was a legitimate military target. Leading some 1,700 Loyalists, Hessians, and British regulars, Arnold's raid was viciously efficient. Over the course of the day, his command virtually destroyed the town, burning some 140 buildings, including private homes, warehouses, commercial facilities, and docks; ships unable to escape went up in flames. There was grim fighting as well. At Fort Griswold in Groton, across the Thames, a British attack carried the fort, but at a high cost in casualties. Enraged redcoats slaughtered some eighty American soldiers, many of them as they tried to surrender.
The New London raid was a tactical success, demonstrating that Arnold was as audacious a commander in a red British uniform as he had been in Continental blue; he had lost none of his élan. He was also unapologetic about the severity of the attack he had led in a region the Arnold family had called home for generations (his great-great-grandfather and namesake had been a governor of colonial Rhode Island).1 Arnold had issued orders against despoiling private property, but he winked as they were honored in the breach. He made no effort to restrain his troops as they pillaged and burned civilian homes, and he never reprimanded officers responsible for the Fort Griswold "massacre." He expressed no remorse in terrifying former neighbors. The destruction of the raid was seemingly unnecessary, even though the war was not yet over. Arnold's conduct, as one recent account has termed matters (certainly melodramatically), amounted to "homegrown terror." "Remember New London" became a Patriot rallying cry.2
The attack on New London, as destructive to the rebel cause as it was, has garnered little attention beyond its purely military aspects. Most historians have not examined Arnold's motives for the unrestrained brand of war he waged in New London. Clare Brandt hints at the traitor general s anger at his old community, which she alleges never fully accepted him as a "gentleman." Willard Sterne Randall considers Arnold's raid simply as typical of his penchant for waging "ruthless, total, modern warfare."3 This essay, however, argues that there was more at work in Arnold's conduct. His motives at New London belie simple answers: They did not stem solely from spite or a preference for a style of warfare; they derived from his experience in his first independent command as a British brigadier general-his invasion of Virginia in early 1781.
Arnold campaigned in Virginia between January and June 1781, but the focus of this essay is his period of independent command between January and March, before Maj. Gen. William Phillips superseded him on 27 March. Although other historians have dealt with this episode, and recognized its importance in Virginia's Revolutionary experience, Arnold's Virginia campaign remains misunderstood. The standard account has Arnold rampaging and plundering up and down the James River, including a raid on Richmond, leaving fire and destruction in his wake. …
Publication: The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
Lender, Mark Edward
Martin, James Kirby
Arnold, Benedict (1741-1801)
The Muslim-Croat Civil War in Central Bosnia: A Military History, 1992-1994 By Charles R. Shrader Texas A&M University Press, 2003
Shades of Blue and Gray: An Introductory Military History of the Civil War By Herman Hattaway University of Missouri Press, 1997
Unofficial Ambassadors: American Military Families Overseas and the Cold War, 1946-1965 By Donna Alvah New York University Press, 2007
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. (Book Reviews) By Colonel Fullenkamp, Len Parameters, Vol. 32, No. 4, Winter 2002
The Myth of the Great War: A New Military History of World War I By Stephenson, Scott Military Review, Vol. 83, No. 1, January/February 2003
The Civil War in Missouri: A Military History By Neely, Jeremy The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 80, No. 1, February 2014
'Linchpin of the Military History Corridor' By Laski, Karen M. VFW Magazine, Vol. 88, No. 6, February 2001
Publishers Preserve Military History By Christy, Dawn VFW Magazine, Vol. 87, No. 7, March 2000
Documenting the Past: Training the Military History Units By Harford, Lee S., Jr. Army Reserve Magazine, Vol. 48, No. 2, Summer 2002
Perspective: Private Armies Go on Parade in the Post-War Marketplace; Military Personnel with Combat Experience in Iraq Will Become Hot Property in the Recruitment Market. Jeremy Lovell Looks at How a Privatised Military Could Be the Way for the Future By Lovell, Jeremy The Birmingham Post (England), May 12, 2003
A Piece of Military History; the Price of Freedom Is Eternal Vigilance Often Extracted in the Lives of Service Personnel By Wildie, Greg Gympie Times, The Qld., January 8, 2011
My John Died for Nothing. the Iraq War Wasn't about Saddam. It Was about Oil. TEN YEARS ON, TWO WARWICKSHIRE MOTHERS ON THE ENDURING PAIN OF LOSING THEIR SONS IN WHAT THEY SAY WAS A POINTLESS CONFLICT for British Military Personnel His Grave. She Also Campaigned Grown Men to Us - They Are Blair and Question Him Ten Years since the Start of the Iraq War, MARY GRIFFIN Hears How Two Mothers Coped after Their Sons Were Killed in Combat By Coventry Evening Telegraph (England), March 20, 2013
FREE! Virginia Military Institute The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2018
FREE! William and Mary in Virginia, College of The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2018
FREE! war, laws of The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2018
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Cavs F Evan Mobley (ankle sprain) out 1-2 weeks
Cleveland Cavaliers power forward Evan Mobley has a sprained right ankle and will miss approximately one to two weeks.
The Cavaliers updated Mobley's status Monday, saying he would miss Wednesday's preseason opener against the host Philadelphia 76ers.
Mobley will undergo treatment and rehab for now. With the given timeframe, he still could be ready in time for the regular-season opener Oct. 19 against the host Toronto Raptors.
Mobley was the third overall pick of the 2021 draft and made the NBA All-Rookie first team after averaging 15.0 points, 8.3 rebounds, 2.5 assists and 1.7 blocks per game in 69 games (all starts) last season.
4th October 2022, 10:40 GMT+11

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A Planyeta bevásárlóközpont (orosz nyelven: Торгово-развлекательный центр «Планета» – ТРЦ «Планета» Новокузнецк) Oroszországban, a dél-szibériai Novokuznyeckben 2014-ben megnyitott "mall" típusú szórakoztató- és bevásárlóközpont. Az első ilyen jellegű, szuperregionális besorolású létesítmény a Kemerovói területen. Teljes területe 162 000 négyzetméter, kereskedelmi felülete 73 300 négyzetméter.

A planyeta orosz szó jelentése: 'bolygó'.

Ismertetése
A Planyeta a város központi kerületében, egy nagy főút mentén épült, így gyalogosok és autósok számára egyaránt könnyen elérhető. Vonzáskörzetében a környező településekkel együtt mintegy 860 ezer ember él.

Az épület teljes területe 162 000 m², ebből a kereskedelmi (bérelhető) terület 73 300 m². A háromszintes épületben több mint 180 üzlet és szolgáltatás, 20 étterem, gyorsétterem és presszó várja a látogatókat. Föld alatti és külső parkolóiban összesen 3000 gépkocsi számára van hely.

Horgonybérlői: egy nagy élelmiszer hipermarket ("Magnyit"), egy elektronikai és háztartási készülékek áruháza ("M.Video"), a "Gyermekvilág", egy nagy  sportáru-kereskedő, a "Formula Kino IMAX" multiplex mozi nyolc vetítőteremmel, valamint a "Megaland" szórakoztatóközpont (utóbbiban játékterem, sokféle játékgép, mini-bowling, trambulin aréna, stb.). A divatgaléria (Fasion Gallery) keretében számos olyan vezető nemzetközi és orosz divatmárkakereskedő bérel üzletet, amelyek korábban nem voltak jelen a kemerovói régióban. A bevásárlóközpontnak 2016-tól az oroszországi Auchan is egyik horgonybérlője volt, de 2019. szeptember 30-án bezárt.

A létesítményt a RosEvroDevelopment cégcsoport építette, mely később nevét Malltech-re változtatta. A cégcsoportnak más városokban is van hasonló jellegű bevásárlóközpontja, hozzátarozik többek között a krasznojarszki Planyeta és a novoszibirszki Aura is.

A bevásárlóközpont belső tereinek nagyobb egységeit egy központi téma, a karibi élményvilág köré szervezték, ezt a koncepciót portugál cég alakította ki. A novokuznyecki Planyeta 2015-ben elnyerte a rangos Commercial Real Estate Awards díját a "Legjobb extra nagy bevásárlóközpont" kategóriában.

Jegyzetek

Források
ТРЦ «Планета» Новокузнецк (malltech.ru, hozzáférés: 2022-02-18)
О ТРЦ (A bevásárlóközpont portálja, nkz.planeta-mall.ru. Hozzáférés: 2022-02-18)
Торговый центр Планета г. Новокузнецк  (all-malls.ru, hozzáférés: 2022-02-18)
Планета Новокузнецк (malls.ru, hozzáférés: 2022-02-18)

Kemerovói terület
Oroszország bevásárlóközpontjai

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Males & Females
Christopher Loizou started Covey Flush Kennels with his first cocker in 1996. "Wally", Fallen Wing's Welsh, a 3 year old male from England.
Over the years, as Christopher began to search for dogs to build up his kennel, he learned that while the breed was beginning to become better known in more areas throughout America, they were still not readily available. So he concentrated on dogs with superior field trial pedigrees in an effort to bring the British legacy of fine gun dogs to the USA while striving to improve the breed.
Covey Flush Kennels is not a large kennel. Christopher didn't want to be the biggest breeder, he wanted to be one of the best. For quite a few years now, the puppies have been sold before they're born. Getting on the waiting list means that a puppy from Covey Flush Kennels is well worth the wait!
Christopher and his wife Rene bred field-bred English Cocker Spaniels for close to 25 years together. Sadly, Christopher died from COVID February 25, 2021. Christopher had such a strong presence and was quite a character. Anyone that met him by phone or in person never forgot him. He became friends with many of the people that bought puppies from him. Christopher is going to be sorely missed.
After a lot of deliberation, Rene decided to extend the opportunity to carry on the Covey Flush legacy to Phil Gray. Phil is an accomplished breeder and trainer in his own right, earning many hunt test titles with his cockers and those he trained for other owners. The Covey Flush dogs will move to Hope Hull, AL in Lowndes County where long standing traditions of top notch plantations and fine dogs still hold true.
For the first time, training will be available in conjunction with the kennel services! Priority for training will be placed on pups purchased from Covey Flush.
© 2023 by Covey Flush Kennels. Proudly created with Wix.com


Running Aces' Tuesday night (Sept. 11) feature was an $11,000 Mares Open Handicap Pace, which saw the top two pacing mares of the track's season square off one last time in the final week of the facility's 2018 meet.
Kiss On The Lips (driven by Dean Magee) charged fastest from the gate from Post 5 to open up the mile in :27 flat. Gold Star Mysti (James Yoder) floated away from the gate with speed as well and swept to the lead just before the three-eighths pole. Gold Star Mysti led comfortably from that point onward and posted a half in :55.4 and the three-quarters time in 1:24.4. She kicked home with a :28.2 final stanza to maintain a solid one and a half-length margin at the wire in 1:53.1 over Kiss On The Lips and Totally Racy (Steve Wiseman). Gold Star Mysti ($2.80) now has seven wins after 13 trips to the gate this season while bankrolling $52,250 for owners Gold Star Farm and trainer Margaret Audley.
Pridecrest ($2.10) is also wrapping up his 'Aces' season in style. He rolled to his fourth consecutive win while capturing the $11,000 featured trot for driver Steve Wiseman in 1:55.3.
The track's 20-cent Pick-5 Jackpot carryover has swelled to $41,769.84 for this coming Saturday night (Sept. 15) and there is also a carryover in the 50-cent Early Pick-4 wager of $1,355.86 for the 'Night of Champions Program' on Saturday. Total purses will approach $400,000, which will make it the richest night of harness racing in Minnesota history. The evening will also offer fans plenty of chances to win hats, t-shirts, betting vouchers and other prizes, as well as a live broadcast of the card with NAHUpicks.com and live music from Jake Nelson.


Legions of black Masonite bags go missing every year. Many picked up by fellow, weary, passengers. Stop the mayhem with this simple message, "This Bag is Not Yours". Cut, dyed, and stamped by hand in the US, this is a perfect way to keep your bag in your hands. 3 ½ inches long by 2 inches high, each tag is made of premium vegetable tanned leather, and includes a stainless steel cable to securely attach to your bag.


CONDITION: B, very clean, linen mounted, machine folded for distribution, some minor creasing and small restoration, very vibrant, bright and beautiful.
Stars are: Flourney E. Miller, Flourney Miller, Ruth Jones, John D. Lee, Fred D. Gordon, poster has text "All Colored Cast."
Mantan Moreland was best known for his controversial and befuddled, scared of ghosts black chauffeur character in the Charlie Chan series. He also starred in what was then called "All-colored features". This movie poster is for a film called "Mantan Runs for Mayor".
In the early 1940's, Ted Toddy began releasing a large number of films that featured all Black casts. They were both features and shorts, and were distributed by Toddy, some were produced by him, and others were by others and either released or re-released through his Toddy organization. This poster has a cartoon theme. A wonderful and historical African American piece. The poster is archivally linen backed and ready for framing. We only have this one.


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The benefits of a covered walkway are endless. Covered walkways are a necessary addition to any business, they create an area that protects those people walking into your building from natural elements such as rain, snow, sleet, and UV rays. This is something that is encouraging even the homeowners to install covered walkways. After all, they are stylish and will also enhance the appeal of your home or business.
If you're looking to add to the curb appeal of your home or business and are interested in obtaining additional information about our aluminum covered walkways, please give us a call and speak to one of our experienced team members. We'd be happy to answer any questions and hope to hear from you soon.


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Q: Get Proportion Graph From Summarise and Facet Wrap I have three categorical variables and one numeric variable; I want to show proportions by segmenting the data based on my categorical variables and getting the proportions of the numeric variable.
The data is as follows:
ID Brand   Color    Gear Sales
1  Honda   Blue     M    80
2  Toyota  Blue     A    75
3  Ford    Blue     M    25
4  Honda   Red      M    100
5  Toyota  Red      M    125
6  Ford    Red      M    90
7  Honda   Green    A    15
8  Toyota  Green    M    120
9  Ford    Green    A    65

Essentially, I want a bar graph that shows a facet_wrap of the Brand what proportion of sales were each Color.
The result would be For Honda 80 Blue/195 total, 100 Red/ 185 Total and 15 Green/ 185 Total, etc... This percentage shown in a bar graph:
a <-  df%>% group_by(Brand, Color)

b <-  summarise(a, sales_amt = sum(Sales),
                   brand_sale = sum("Here is where I am having the issue"),
                   sales_percentage = (sales_amt/brand_sale))

c <-  ggplot(b) +
        geom_bar(aes(Color, sales_percentage) , stat = "identity") +
        facet_wrap(~ Brand)
c

A: Consider base R's ave for inline aggregation by group for denominator in sales percentage:
df <- within(df, {
   brand_sale <- ave(Sales, Brand, FUN=sum)
   sales_percentage <- Sales / brand_sale
})

df
#   ID  Brand Color Gear Sales sales_percentage brand_sale
# 1  1  Honda  Blue    M    80       0.41025641        195
# 2  2 Toyota  Blue    A    75       0.23437500        320
# 3  3   Ford  Blue    M    25       0.13888889        180
# 4  4  Honda   Red    M   100       0.51282051        195
# 5  5 Toyota   Red    M   125       0.39062500        320
# 6  6   Ford   Red    M    90       0.50000000        180
# 7  7  Honda Green    A    15       0.07692308        195
# 8  8 Toyota Green    M   120       0.37500000        320
# 9  9   Ford Green    A    65       0.36111111        180

c <-  ggplot(df) +
  geom_bar(aes(Color, sales_percentage) , stat = "identity") +
  facet_wrap(~ Brand)
c

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Congratulations to Varsity Football Captain Nick Scarpello Student Athlete of the Week. In the scrimmage vs Haverhill over the weekend Nick had 6 tackles including a tackle for loss. Nick is also an SFX scholar. Congratulations Nick!
Congratulations to Freshman Kaleigh Burke member of the Girl's Cross-Country team. Kaleigh comes to every practice with an upbeat attitude and strong work ethic. She ran 2.8 miles in 21 minutes and 13 seconds at the Grafton Scrimmage on August 31st, finishing in 3rd place overall. The only two Grafton runners to finish ahead of her were a sophomore and a senior. Kaleigh was the first freshman across the finish line, and the first ever cross country runner to finish a race for the Malden Catholic School for Girls. Congratulations Kaleigh!
Congratulations to Sub-Varsity Football player freshman Aiden Cole, this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Aiden caught 5 passes for 80 yards and had 6 tackles and 1 pass deflection in the JV football game against Methuen. In addition Aiden was named the JV practice player of the week last week and will dress in this Friday night's Varsity game against Masconomet. Congrats Aiden!
Congratulations to Freshman Kayla Jackson this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Kayla is a member of the Game Day Cheer Squad. At the Boys Varsity Football Game versus Methuen, Kayla's leadership really shined. She called every cheer perfectly, and made sure the rest of the squad was ready before doing so. During practice, Kayla is the first person to help others – without being asked to do so – and does it with a smile on her face. For her hard work, dedication, and true Lancer spirit, Kayla is a perfect example to be student athlete of the week! Congrats Kayla!
Congratulations to Freshman, Neil Harrington this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Neil is a member of the Cross-Country team. He is an extremely talented and extremely humble young runner. He ran 3 kilometers in 10 minutes and 58 seconds at the Bob MacDougall 3k on September 15th. His average pace was 5:53 per mile. He finished in ninth place overall, earning him one of the top 10 medals in his division. Congrats Neil!
Congratulations to Lily Mineo this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Lily is a member of volleyball team. This past week, Lily tallied 5 aces and a kill in our first two matches. On the court, Lily is one of the most committed and energetic players, always trying her absolute hardest and contributing to the team in so many ways. Off the court, Lily has continuously been a positive energy for her teammates helping to keep the team spirit high and enthusiasm even higher. Because of her dedication, resilience, and spirit, Lily is a great example of what a student-athlete of the week should be. Congrats Lily!
Congratulations to Lucas Dascoli this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Lucas is the Captain of the Varsity Golf Team. He shot an even par 36 vs Xaverian at Book Meadow Golf Course in Canton.
Congratulations to Angie Mejia this week's Student Athlete of the Week. Angie is a member of the Soccer team. Angie comes to every practice ready to listen, learn and work hard. Her constant positivity and willingness to help others during games and practices helps elevate the intensity and focus on the field. Angie will always be heard during games, talking and encouraging her team mates and is a great example of a selfless, hard working MC Student Athlete.
Congratulations to Will Driscoll this week's Student Athlete of the Week. Will is a member of the Varsity Soccer team. He is outstanding in his defensive play. His hard work and willing to do whatever is asked of him makes him a true team player. Congrats Will!
Congratulations to Lily Baglio this week's Student Athlete of the Week. Lily is a member of the Girls Sub-Varsity Volleyball team. She played a large role in MC's back row against Bishop Feehan and Taunton on Saturday. Although she was dealing with an injury of her own, she fought through it in order for the team to succeed and even volunteered to replace another teammate who got injured during a game! Although she couldn't play against AP earlier in the week, she stepped up to run the scoreboard during the game. Congrats Lily!
Congratulations to Eric Kasili this week's Student Athlete of the Week. Eric is a member of the Sub-Varsity Soccer team. He is the starting forward and scored his first career goal as a Lancer during our 2-1 victory over Catholic Memorial. Eric's been working extremely hard both on and off the field, and we are glad that he finally got to see the fruit of his labor. After receiving a great paCss he struck the ball into the corner. Keep up the good work!
Congratulations to Hannah Burton this week's Student Athlete of the Week. Hannah is a member of the Cross-Country team. She has a positive attitude each day. She is committed and has shown great improvement since the beginning of the season. She contributes to the team at every opportunity and even arranges rides for many other students on the team. We enjoy Hannah's good humor. Cross Country wouldn't be the same without her.
Congratulations to Jarrod Wardwell, this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Jarrod is a senior captain of the Cross-Country team. He is a hardworking and charismatic athlete. He consistently provides a positive example for all his teammates to look up to. He strives to get better every week, and he is one of the most reliable runners on the team. He recently ran the Play Brigade 5k in 19 minutes and 26 seconds finishing in 9th place overall out of 275 runners.
Congratulations to Lilyanna Romero this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Lilyanna is a member of the Game Day Cheer team. She comes to every practice and game ready to cheer! At games, Lily tries her hardest to get the crowd involved in cheering on the football team. When standing clean & watching the game, Lily is still cheering on the football team with chants like "let's go boys!" and "you got this!". When she is told to cheer louder, tighten her motions, or stand clean, Lily does so without complaining. For her charisma, infectious spirit, and positive attitude, Lily is one of the most deserving people for student athlete of the week, and a true cheerLEADER!
Congratulations to Aiden Barry this week's Student Athlete of the Week. Aiden is a member of the Sub-Varsity Football team. He made his first varsity start this past week. He rushed three times for 18 yards and also played free safety and had 4 tackles and one pass deflection. In addition Aidan is an honors student.
Congratulations to Isabella Paragona this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Isabella is a member of the Sub-Varsity Soccer team. She is quite literally the first person on the field every practice or game and the last to leave, after offering her help tidying away or carrying equipment. Isabella is a leader on game day on and off of the field and refuses to stop working hard regardless of the game situation. Her energy lifts others around her and her growth as a Soccer player this Fall has been vast.
Congratulations to Dylan Lever, this week's Student Athlete of the Week! Dylan is a senior member of the Cross-Country team. He is a true team player and he is the epitome of a coachable athlete. He gets faster and stronger every week. He recently ran the The Catholic Conference Classic 5k in 21 minutes and 58 seconds. He ran just over 20 minutes at the Twilight Invitational, and he is working hard to break 20 minutes before the end of the season. Congrats Dylan!
Congratulations to Kayley Ryan, this week's Student Athlete of the Week. Kayley is a member of the Sub-Varsity Volleyball team. She is one of the most reliable members of the volleyball team. She is consistently the first to help get the gym ready for practice or a game, and without ever being told will always help out during practice to grab the spare volleyballs around the gym. Kayley is one of the most humble players on the team, never calling attention to herself, but at the same time has grown tremendously as a player in talent and leadership over the season. She has turned into a leader by example and has helped to set a standard of what an MC volleyball player should be like in our program. Congrats Kayley!


text:
Tag Archives: Bureau of Legislative Affairs
Former Congressman Mike Pompeo Rejects Congressional Subpoenas
August 10, 2020 By domani spero in Acting Capacity, Congress, Foreign Affairs, Mike Pompeo, Oversight, Pompeo, Secretary of State, Spectacular, State Department, Trends Tags: Brian Bulatao, Bureau of Legislative Affairs, HFAC, Marik A. String, Michael Miller, Michael R. Pompeo, Ryan Kaldahl, Subpoena, Toni Porter, WSOS
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Friday rejected congressional subpoenas issued for him and for the State Department to provide information and testimony to lawmakers about two politically charged developments. https://t.co/ScQEbuqVHw
— Citizens for Ethics (@CREWcrew) August 9, 2020
BREAKING: Chairs @RepEliotEngel & @RepMaloney and @SenatorMenendez announce subpoenas for witnesses in the investigation of President Trump's firing of State Department IG Steve Linick. pic.twitter.com/PR9C6mSPIN
— House Foreign Affairs Committee (@HouseForeign) August 3, 2020
House committees subpoena Mike Pompeo's alleged dog walker they accuse of 'stonewalling' probe of Trump's firing of IG https://t.co/6qeQjSzS8G
— Daily Mail US (@DailyMail) August 3, 2020
NEW: President Donald Trump fired a watchdog who was investigating one of his friends.
"Steve Linick is one of several [IGs] who were removed while undertaking politically sensitive probes," writes our @daniellebrian, @schwellenbach, & @adamzagorin. https://t.co/wraAjQW1Sc
— Project On Government Oversight (@POGOBlog) August 7, 2020
House Democrats scored a significant and potentially far-reaching victory with a federal appeals court ruling that Congress can sue to enforce subpoenas of senior White House officials. https://t.co/DC8r9TYf1F
— Bloomberg Government (@BGOV) August 10, 2020
@StateDept Plans 28% Staff Reduction For US Mission Iraq By May 2020
December 18, 2019 By domani spero in Federal Agencies, Foreign Policy, Foreign Service, Hotspots, Iran, Iraq, Org Life, Realities of the FS, Staffing the FS, State Department, Trends, U.S. Missions, US Embassy Baghdad Tags: Bureau of Legislative Affairs, Sen. Jim Risch (R-Idaho), US Mission Iraq, US Mission Iraq Staffing
Via CNN:
The State Department plans to dramatically downsize the number of American personnel in Iraq, according to a memo sent to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and obtained by CNN.
The document, dated December 6 and sent by Bureau of Legislative Affairs Assistant Secretary Mary Elizabeth Taylor to committee Chairman Jim Risch, an Idaho Republican, outlines plans to reduce staffing levels at US Mission Iraq by 28% by the end of May 2020.
The reduction would mean 114 fewer people at the US Embassy in Baghdad, 15 fewer people at the Baghdad Diplomatic Support Center and eight fewer people at Consulate General Erbil. In addition to the reduction in State Department personnel, the cuts would include Defense Department and US Agency for International Development personnel.
A senior State Department official told CNN that the decision was driven by leadership at State collectively and added that they think people at US Mission Iraq could be targeted. The official said they are already more cautious about deploying US officials into the field. The official said the Trump administration is seeking to reduce potential security concerns and increase military force with the deployment of more troops to the region.
FP has the following:
The U.S. Mission in Iraq will reduce the number of staff at its embassy, diplomatic support center, and consulate in Erbil in Northern Iraq from 486 to 349, a 28 percent decrease, by the end of May 2020. The majority of the staff leave will come from the State Department, but other government agencies, including the Defense Department and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), will also cut the size of their staff at the embassy, as the document shows.
Foreign Policy posted the Iraq drawdown document sent to SFRC Chair Jim Risch here. The number in the notification includes direct hire personnel, personal services contractors, and third country nationals. What it does not include is life support staff.
Back in 2010, we posted US Embassy Baghdad: The "civilianization" of the U.S. presence in Iraq and its peskiest details. At that time, State/OIG notes:
The number of security and life support personnel required to maintain this limited substantive staff is huge: 82 management, 2,008 security, 157 aviation, and 1,085 life support personnel. In other words, depending on the definition of support staff, it takes a minimum of 15 and possibly up to 60 security and life support staff to support one substantive direct-hire position. To put this into perspective, a quick calculation of similar support ratios at three major embassies (Beijing, Cairo, and New Delhi) shows an average of four substantive officers to every three support staff (4:3) in contrast to 1:15 to 1:60 in Iraq.
So if the staff reduction is approximately 135, what does that mean in reduction of life support staffing level? CNN reports that the staff reductions was "driven by leadership at State collectively …. they think people at US Mission Iraq could be targeted". See OSAC – 2019 Crime and Safety Report – Iraq – Baghdad.pdf
Sources: Major Personnel Cuts Coming For U.S. Mission Iraq Feb 2019
U.S. Consulate General #Basrah, Iraq: Six-Year Old Diplomatic Outpost Faces Closure June 2017
U.S. Embassy Iraq: By The Numbers — Still The Post With the Mostest June 2014
US Mission Iraq: Now on Partial "Temporary Relocation" To Basra, Erbil & Amman (Jordan) June 2014
US Mission Iraq: Twelve Things You Might Not Know About the Largest Embassy in the World June 2013
US Mission Iraq: Shrinking to 5,500 Personnel by End of Year, Never Mind the Missing Details Mar 2013
US Mission Iraq: Get ready for BLISS… no, not perfect happiness — just Baghdad Life Support Services. 2012
Snapshot: US Mission Iraq Staffing as of July 2012 July 2012
Snapshot: US Mission Iraq Staffing – As of April 2012 May 2012
US Embassy Iraq Staffing: To Slash or Not to Slash, That is the Question Feb 2012
US Embassy Baghdad is shrinking…shrinking…shriiinkiiing – to 8,000! Feb 2012
Afghanistan-Iraq-Pakistan Staffing Fills Up Fast But Pool of Volunteers Continues to Shrink; Longer Tours On the Table? Jul 2011
US Embassy Iraq: From a staff of 8,000 to 17,000?). 2011
US Mission Iraq: Not DOD's Giganotosaurus Footprint, But a Super Embassaurus For Real 2011
US Embassy Baghdad: The "civilianization" of the U.S. presence in Iraq and its peskiest details 2010
State lays out plans to reduce Iraq footprint by 28% by May 2020, as FP first reported. "It is a new normal. We are one rocket away, one attack away, from smoke in Iraq due to Iran and their proxies. This is a cautionary tale," Sr State Official tells me. https://t.co/1Mr1smZgJp
— Kylie Atwood (@kylieatwood) December 18, 2019
Painful to watch US diplomatic, development and defense staff in Iraq reduced to meager levels. Critical country, critical times. What's the logic? We will have more political officers in Embassy Rome than in Baghdad when this is over. https://t.co/sBACA0dumI
— Barbara A. Leaf (@SafiraLeaf) December 18, 2019
"Good news" for Iran inside Iraq has been around for a while. First time in diplomatic history that the phrases "skeleton crew" and "US Embassy Baghdad" are used in the same sentence. https://t.co/bNXzGK0tyW
— Alberto Miguel Fernandez (@AlbertoMiguelF5) December 17, 2019
Exclusive: The U.S. State Department is reducing its presence in Iraq by nearly 30 percent, documents show. Critics say that's bad news for Washington—and good news for Iran, FP's @RobbieGramer reports.https://t.co/M6mC1HAi6J
— Foreign Policy (@ForeignPolicy) December 17, 2019
Making Sense of Tillerson's Rescinded Delegations of Authority @StateDept
August 7, 2017 By domani spero in Career Employees, Functional Bureaus, Leadership and Management, Media, Org Life, Political Appointees, Questions, Reorganization, Rex Tillerson, Secretary of State, Top Ranks, Transition, Trends Tags: "M", "P", Brian Hook, Bureau of Legislative Affairs, delegation of authority, Deputy Secretary of State, George Kennan, Margaret Peterlin, Office of the Legal Adviser, Rex Tillerson, SDOs, State/S/H, State/S/L, State/S/P
Posted: 5:07 am ET
Updated: Aug 11, 2:24 pm PT
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We recently blogged about the rescinded delegations of authority at the State Department (see Tillerson Rescinds Delegated Authorities Department-Wide, Further Gums Up Foggy Bottom). A State Department official (SDO) told Politico that Tillerson only rescinded three delegations of authority. Just three. SDO frequently is the attribution used when the folks at the State Department press shop do not want to speak on the record. The same official who commented to Politico also said Tillerson has requested the Under Secretaries to undertake an immediate review of the remaining authorities. The SDO forgot to remind himself that the State Department currently do not have Under Secretaries but only one Under Secretary (P).
The sources who informed us of the rescinded authorities are SDOs but are not part of the agency's press office. They are folks who are not known for running around with their hair on fire. One of them told us "all", another confirmed that it was "department-wide," and that's the story we ran. One of our sources subsequently told us that decisions will be made quickly on which authorities will be redelegated. It was pointed out to us that some will be quick and obvious to make like authorities concerning consular services.
We understand that there is also a memo floating around outlining the delegations of authority that have been rescinded.
DA-14: Delegation of Authority to Under Secretary for Political Affairs (P) and the Under Secretary for Management (M), January 18, 2017
(no text publicly available)
One the three authorities the State Department said it rescinded was DA-14 dated January 18, 2017 granted by then Secretary Kerry to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs (P) and the Under Secretary for Management (M) that the State Department says "allowed for almost unlimited re-delegation of those authorities." DA-14 has not/not been published in the Federal Register nor the GPO so we don't know all the details that it covered.
A former State Department official (SDO) familiar with this issue, however, told us that the January 18 delegation was essentially envisioned as "a temporary, unlimited delegation of authorities to P and M because it was anticipated that there would be no "D" and perhaps no "S" for some period of time" and that its revocation "would not have a dramatic effect" on operations. According to the former SDO, the revocation of this specific DA is not surprising since the Secretary and the Deputy Secretary are now both in place. The former official further told us that rescission of ALL of the delegations of authority would be much more significant but said, "I can't imagine that all of the delegations were rescinded."
The former SDO added that "If the Secretary did revoke all of the delegations one would hope that this would be very temporary." The former official explained that "Without delegations in place, any decisions that by law lie with the Secretary literally would need to be made by the Secretary. This could result in significant delays, including on decisions that are by and large technical."
A piece published by the New York Times over the weekend notes that "all decisions, no matter how trivial, must be sent to Mr. Tillerson or his top aides: Margaret Peterlin, his chief of staff, and Brian Hook, the director of policy planning."
A Foggy Bottom worker bee told us that whether or not Tillerson rescinded delegated authority "the effect is the same –the paper goes to him." FBWB added that "In normal circumstances we would know the staffers in S, as we do in other 7th floor offices, and can keep paper moving with a telephone call" but that this is now "unknown" territory.
So what does it mean if ALL decisions must now go up to the Secretary of State?
Please don't tell us that the next wrinkle we're going to hear would be folks unable to PCS (Permanent Change of Station) because Tillerson is traveling and is unable to approve travel orders.
DA 284-1: Delegation of Authority to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs, Feb 13, 2009:
Text: Delegation of Authority No. 284–1
By virtue of the authority vested in me as Secretary of State by the laws of the United States, including 22 U.S.C. 2651a, I hereby delegate to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs, to the extent authorized by law, all authorities and functions vested in the Secretary of State or the head of agency by any act, order, determination, delegation of authority, regulation, or executive order, now or hereafter issued. This delegation includes all authorities and functions that have been or may be delegated or redelegated to other Department officials but does not repeal delegations to such officials.
This delegation shall apply only when the Secretary, the Deputy Secretary, and the Deputy Secretary for Management and Resources are absent or otherwise unavailable or when the Secretary or either Deputy Secretary requests that the Under Secretary exercise such authorities and functions.
Notwithstanding this delegation of authority, the Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretary of State and the Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources may exercise any function or authority delegated by this delegation.
This is one of the three DAs cited by the State Department official to the press. The language is clear that this authority apply only when the Secretary and the Deputy Secretary are "absent or otherwise unavailable" or "when the Secretary or either Deputy Secretary requests that the Under Secretary exercise such authorities and functions."
Excuse us, but this is perplexing to us, ok? If Secretary Tillerson and Deputy Secretary Sullivan are traveling who has authority over the State Department in their absence if it's not going to be the third highest ranking person in the agency?
A separate source familiar with inner workings at State but has no direct knowledge of these developments suggested that the Delegation of Authority exercise exposes more than anything else "the profound lack of knowledge and grasp" on the 7th floor especially with the political appointees. This source says that there are practical and long standing reasons for delegations to D and P of certain things, such as making it possible for Tillerson to seamlessly have things done without having to go through the "Acting" designation every time he's not around or unavailable. It appears that no one understood that.
And no one thought about asking the Office of the Legal Adviser?
DA 280-1: Delegation by the Secretary of State to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs of Authorities Regarding Congressional Reporting Functions, Feb 13, 2009:
Text: Delegation of Authority No. 28o–1
By virtue of the authority vested in me as Secretary of State by the laws of the United States, including 22 U.S.C. 2651a, I hereby assign to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, to the extent authorized by law, the function of approving submission of reports to the Congress.
This delegation covers the decision to submit to the Congress both one-time reports and recurring reports, including but not limited to those recurring reports identified in Section 1 of Executive Order 13313 (Delegation of Certain Congressional Reporting Functions) of July 31, 2003. However, this delegation shall not be construed to authorize the Under Secretary to make waivers, certifications, determinations, findings, or other such statutorily required substantive actions that may be called for in connection with the submission of a report. The Under Secretary shall be responsible for referring to the Secretary, the Deputy Secretary, or the Deputy Secretary for Management and Resources any matter on which action would appropriately be taken by such official.
Any authority covered by this delegation may also be exercised by the Deputy Secretary and the Deputy Secretary for Management and Resources, to the extent authorized by law, or by the Secretary of State.
This is the last of the three DAs cited by the State Department as having been rescinded by Tillerson. According to Reuters, the authorities regarding congressional reporting functions will now go to the Office of Policy Planning (S/P), The current S/P head is a member of Tillerson's inner circle, Brian Hook. The position does not require Senate confirmation. Three former officials told Reuters that giving the policy planning staff final sign-off on the reports could inject political considerations into their preparation. (For what it's worth, a Foggy Bottom denizen who knew Mr. Hook during his prior stint at State during the Bush administration told us that he is "very smart and thoughtful — a good pick for the head of the policy shop — and also really a nice man.")
S/P was created in 1947 by George Kennan at the request of Secretary of State George C. Marshall. The office serves as a source of independent policy analysis and advice for the Secretary of State. According to state.gov, the Policy Planning Staff"s mission is to take "a longer term, strategic view" of global trends and frame recommendations for the Secretary of State to advance U.S. interests and American values.
Note that there are at least 300 congressionally mandated reports required by Congress. So S/P will now have sign off on all those reports? The rumors of an expanding S/P empire is in all likelihood, true, because how are you going to clear all these reports? And if this is the case, who's going to be doing "longer term, strategic view" for the State Department if S/P is signing off on all reports and every policy memo? What's the career diplomat at "P" going to be doing?
One other thing pointed out to us, particularly on the delegation to P for signing off on reports to Congress is that these reports must have a "policy sign-off." We understand that the Bureau of Legislative Affairs (H) never had this function which is primarily coordination of legislative activity/strategy and principally as liaison to Congress. Apparently, the 7th floor is not even aware of this and was under the assumption that the bureau's responsibility to "transmit" reports is the same as responsibility to "sign-off" for policy purposes.
Did somebody send the Office of the Legal Adviser (L) a smoke signal for help?
NOTE: Delegation of Authority: 245-2 Delegation from the Secretary to the Deputy Secretary, July 31, 2017 to be published in the Federal Register on August 14, 2017. This DA supersedes Delegation of Authority 245-1, dated February 13, 2009. PDF
Dear people freaking out over report that Tillerson has rescinded ALL delegations of authority @StateDept: pic.twitter.com/5j7ZuPkTki
— Nahal Toosi (@nahaltoosi) August 1, 2017
@StateDept insinuates that delegation of authority for #PrivacyShield Ombudsperson is still in effect. #dataprotection #EUdataP @Diplopundit pic.twitter.com/FQWbDnqVuQ
— Rachael Tackett (@ractack) August 1, 2017
Tillerson tightens the reins at State Department https://t.co/hvyTGT3RH6 pic.twitter.com/O97MtrVm8z
— Reuters Top News (@Reuters) August 2, 2017
AND NOW THIS —
And here's more about that revocation of authorities.@Diplopundit https://t.co/JHtioRsW9d pic.twitter.com/SItWYOTVhm
— Cheryl Rofer (@CherylRofer) August 6, 2017
@StateDept Nominations Forgotten by the Time Lords of Capitol Hill
January 4, 2016 By domani spero in Ambassadors, Congress, Foreign Service, FSOs, John F. Kerry, Nominations, Realities of the FS, Secretary of State, SFRC, State Department Tags: Bureau of Legislative Affairs, John F. Kerry, Rori Kramer, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, senate logjam, SFRC, SFRC staffers
Posted: 2:17 am EDT
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The U.S. Senate went home for the holiday and will convene on January, 4th, 2016 at 12:00 noon for a pro forma session only, with no business to be conducted. The Senate stands adjourn until 2:00 pm on Monday, January 11th, 2016.
So we're looking at the long list of nominees stuck both at the Executive Calendar and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee at the end of 2015. Some of these nominees are regular Foreign Service officers who have been waiting for confirmation for at least 24 months without action. So we sent an email to Rori Kramer, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Regional, Global and Functional Affairs at the Bureau of Legislative Affairs who "directs the policy-making and technical aspects of the Department's relationship with Congress across the full range of regional, global, and functional interests of the Department of State."
We are particularly interested in two things: 1) the regular FSO nominees whose names have been held at the SFRC for 2-3 years. These are not ambassador rank officials but regular FSOs. We've also notice that more and more, names are split from the main FS lists when they reach the SFRC; 2) we're also looking at the high ranking nominees still waiting for confirmation.
Since the Senate composition will not change in 2016, we are curious what is the State Department's plan to get these nominees through the Senate and into their posts in 2016? Are we looking at the next 12 months with very little movement on confirmations? What is the end game for regular FSOs whose names are held by the SFRC year after year with no vote in the Senate?
Ms. Kramer acknowledged our email but handed the inquiry off to some other State Department official who told us the following:
While the vast majority of our FSO promotions have been approved, we are working for the promotion of all our waiting Foreign Service officers and nominees and will continue to do so until they are approved by the Senate.
Every foreign service promotion list that has been sent to the Senate has been approved. The State Department does not split the list in any way.
The lists, in fact, have been split in more than one occasion, below is the latest:
PN951-1 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) | STATE – Class of Career Minister (FE-CM); confirmed on 12/10/2015
PN951-2 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) STATE — Class of Career Minister (FE-CM); currently pending in the SFRC.
PN951 is obviously one promotion list until Ambassador Richard Olson's name was split from the list and held back at the SFRC. Ambassador Olson is currently the U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (SRAP). He was previously the U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan.
As to having "Every foreign service promotion list that has been sent to the Senate has been approved," we had to email back and asked if they realize that the following have not, in fact, been approved?
2015-11-19 PN953 Foreign Service | Nominations beginning Jennifer M. Adams, and ending Sunil Sebastian Xavier, which 37 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on November 19, 2015.
2015-11-19 PN952 Foreign Service | Nominations beginning Cheryl L. Anderson, and ending Melissa A. Williams, which 11 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on November 19, 2015.
Below is a list of the pending nominations both on the Executive Calendar and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee as of December 28, 2015. Senate rules provide that "nominations neither confirmed nor rejected during the session at which they are made shall not be acted upon at any succeeding session without being again made to the Senate by the President…" In practice, such nominations have sometimes been returned to the President at the end of the first session and are always returned to the President at the end of the Congress. Nominations also may be returned automatically to the President at the beginning of a recess of more than 30 days (Senate Rule XXXI), but the rule providing for this return has often been waived (Via CRS – PDF). Senate.gov makes no indication at this time that these nominations have been returned to the President.
The most common way a nomination fails to be confirmed is through lack of action: either the committee never takes up the nomination or the Senate fails to consider it, despite committee action.
Folks, if staffers in the SFRC want to see records of FSOs all the way back to kindergarten, ought the State Department not put a warning on its careers.state.gov page? If an employee threw a punch in Kinder 1 and had been cleared of all charges, he/she better have records to show for it. Because just saying one had been cleared of any allegation or charge will not be enough. If you or the principal's office had shredded those reports per disposition of records regulation, well boo! on you! If the Iranians were able to reconstruct shredded cables at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, the Senate folks probably thought anyone should be able to recreate any record all the way back to the Time Lords!
There's something inherently unfair about this that we find disturbing. If this is the new normal in the confirmation process, not just with ambassador ranked nominations but with regular Foreign Service Officers, how is this supposed to end for nominees? What is the end game for FSOs promoted by a Selection Board but whose names have been pending in the SFRC for years? Will these nominations be resubmitted to the committee periodically … but until when? How does one bid for an onward assignment if he/she had been technically promoted but not confirmed by the Senate?
And what is Secretary Kerry, formerly of the Foreign Relations Committee, doing about this?
Pending on the Executive Calendar, 114th Congress:
PN175 Cassandra Q. Butts, of the District of Columbia, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.
PN49 Azita Raji, of California, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Sweden.
PN87 Brian James Egan, of Maryland, to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State.
PN478 Samuel D. Heins, of Minnesota, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Norway.
PN45 Marisa Lago, of New York, to be a Deputy United States Trade Representative, with the rank of Ambassador.
PN477 John L. Estrada, of Florida, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
PN828 Barbara Lee, of California, to be a Representative of the United States of America to the Seventieth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
PN829 Christopher H. Smith, of New Jersey, to be a Representative of the United States of America to the Seventieth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
PN910 David McKean, of Massachusetts, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Luxembourg.
PN526 Roberta S. Jacobson, of Maryland, a Career Member of the Senior Executive Service, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the United Mexican States.
PN872 Thomas A. Shannon, Jr., of Virginia, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Ambassador, to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs).
Pending at the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC):
2015-12-18 PN1041 Department of State Adam H. Sterling, of Virginia, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Counselor, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Slovak Republic.
2015-11-09 PN934 Department of State Karen Brevard Stewart, of Florida, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
2015-11-09 PN933 Department of State Robert Annan Riley III, of Florida, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Federated States of Micronesia.
2015-10-21 PN915 Department of State Scot Alan Marciel, of California, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Career Minister, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Union of Burma.
2015-10-08 PN909 Department of State Amos J. Hochstein, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Energy Resources).
2015-01-08 PN48 Department of State Jennifer Ann Haverkamp, of Indiana, to be Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs.
FS LISTS – PROMOTIONS
2015-11-19 PN953 Foreign Service Nominations beginning Jennifer M. Adams, and ending Sunil Sebastian Xavier, which 37 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on November 19, 2015.
2015-11-19 PN952 Foreign Service Nominations beginning Cheryl L. Anderson, and ending Melissa A. Williams, which 11 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on November 19, 2015.
2015-11-19 PN951-2 Foreign Service Nomination for Richard Gustave Olson, Jr., which nomination was received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on November 19, 2015.
2015-01-13 PN72-6 Foreign Service Nominations beginning Eric N. Rumpf, and ending Daniel Menco Hirsch, which 2 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on January 13, 2015.
2015-01-13 PN71-2 Foreign Service Nominations beginning David J. Barth, and ending R. Douglass Arbuckle, which 2 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on January 13, 2015.
FS LISTS – APPOINTMENTS
2015-09-10 PN830 Foreign Service Nominations beginning Christopher Alexander, and ending Tipten Troidl, which 28 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on September 10, 2015.
2015-06-10 PN573-2 Foreign Service Nominations beginning Jeffries Blunt de Graffenried, Jr., and ending Christopher Nairn Steel, which 3 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on June 10, 2015.
2015-05-07 PN464 Foreign Service Nominations beginning Eric Del Valle, and ending Ryan Truxton, which 7 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on May 7, 2015.
2015-02-26 PN230-2 Foreign Service Nominations beginning David Elliott Horton III, and ending Victoria L Mitchell, which 2 nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record on February 26, 2015.
2015-12-07 PN1005 United States Agency for International Development Marcela Escobari, of Massachusetts, to be an Assistant Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development.
STATE/INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
2015-11-19 PN948 Asian Development Bank Swati A. Dandekar, of Iowa, to be United States Director of the Asian Development Bank, with the rank of Ambassador.
2015-10-05 PN895 Department of State Matthew John Matthews, of Oregon, a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, for the rank of Ambassador during his tenure of service as United States Senior Official for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum
2015-09-16 PN844 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Catherine Ann Novelli, of Virginia, to be United States Alternate Governor of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
2015-09-10 PN827 United Nations Cassandra Q. Butts, of the District of Columbia, to be a Representative of the United States of America to the Seventieth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
2015-08-05 PN771 International Atomic Energy Agency Laura S. H. Holgate, of Virginia, to be the Representative of the United States of America to the International Atomic Energy Agency, with the rank of Ambassador.
2015-08-05 PN770 United Nations Laura S. H. Holgate, of Virginia, to be Representative of the United States of America to the Vienna Office of the United Nations, with the rank of Ambassador.
2015-07-08 PN628 Department of State Mari Carmen Aponte, of the District of Columbia, to be Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the Organization of American States, with the rank of Ambassador.
2015-03-04 PN240 International Monetary Fund Mark Sobel, of Virginia, to be United States Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund for a term of two years.
2015-02-26 PN229 African Development Bank Marcia Denise Occomy, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Director of the African Development Bank for a term of five years.
2015-02-26 PN228 Inter-American Development Bank Mileydi Guilarte, of the District of Columbia, to be United States Alternate Executive Director of the Inter-American Development Bank.
U.S. Senate Confirms Julia Frifield as Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs (H)
October 18, 2013 By domani spero in Confirmations, Congress, John F. Kerry, Political Appointees, State Department, Top Ranks Tags: Barbara Mikulski, Bureau of Legislative Affairs, David S. Adams, H Bureau, Julia Frifield, Podesta Group, United States Senate Committee on Appropriations
— By Domani Spero
On October 16, the U.S. Senate confirmed the nomination of Julia Frifield – to be an Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs. The WH released the following brief bio when President Obama announced her nomination on July 18, 2013:
Julia Frifield is Chief of Staff to U.S. Senator Barbara Mikulski, a position she has held since 2004. She served as Senator Mikulski's Legislative Director from 1999 to 2004 and Legislative Assistant from 1995 to 1999. Previously, Ms. Frifield was a Legislative Assistant for U.S. Senator Harris Wofford from 1992 to 1995. From 1989 to 1992, Ms. Frifield worked for U.S. Senator Bill Bradley, first as a Legislative Correspondent and then as Special Assistant. Ms. Frifield received a B.A. from Smith College and an M.A. from Cambridge University.
The Cable noted back in July that Secretary Kerry technically poached Frifield away from Mikulski, but that the hire was amicably arranged last spring.
"I want someone who has been chief of staff to someone like Barbara," Kerry said at the time. "Or why don't we just recruit Barbara's chief of staff — if she'll let me."
The Bureau of Legislative Affairs (H) coordinates legislative activity for the Department of State and advises the Secretary, the Deputy, as well as the Under Secretaries and Assistant Secretaries on legislative strategy. H also facilitates effective communication between State Department officials and the Members of Congress and their staffs. This was an excellent pick not just because of her long experience in Congress but because for almost 10 years, Ms. Frifield was the chief of staff for Senator Barb, the Chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee.
Ms. Frifield succeeds David S. Adams who was appointed to this position in August 2011. Previously Adams was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for House Affairs. But prior to coming to State, he served for 24 years on the staff of Gary L. Ackerman a member of the United States House who sat in the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Mr. Adams in now a principal at the Podesta Group.
Angry Congress? Who's Fault is That? And Here DiploPundit Gets a Scolding …
October 16, 2012 By domani spero in Congress, Functional Bureaus, Lessons, Realities of the FS, SFRC, State Department Tags: Bureau of Legislative Affairs, Congress, HFAC, Pentagon, SFRC, State Department	15 Comments
One of my blog pals scolded me on a serious error in my recent blog post (see Angry Lawmakers Care About the Foreign Service. Seriously. When It's Convenient!). The lawmakers are political opportunists with more stripes than a zebra but since she has an excellent point, I'll let you listen to the scolding:
A (I imagine her wagging her finger at me):
State doesn't want attention from Congress. The result is a Congress that does not understand State's mission.
Me: (small voice) Uh-huh, isn't there a State Dept liaison office in Congress?
It takes two to tango and in this case, State rarely goes to the ballroom. When State does get near the dance floor, it often steps on its own feet.
Me: Wearing the wrong shoes?
A (ignores me totally):
When State does go to the Hill, compare the general quality of their testimony with that of their military counterparts. We know the quality of communication matters, even if both sides continue to disagree. (Call it public diplomacy with the Hill if you want.)
On the quality of the testimony, the Libya hearings provides an immediate example. Two State people + two military. Both military were clear in content, substance, and delivery. On the State side, only Kennedy excelled in all areas with Lamb coming up short across the board.
Me: (mumble) But those military guys get lots of practice briefing their generals (mumble).
How do you think the military developed a constituency? Most ascribe that to the military-industrial complex, and while that is a large factor, it creates opportunities not the relationship itself. The military actively courts the Congress. Since the 40's (or late 30's), it has played one master against the other. It has realized that it helps to keep the Hill informed. How do you get money and authorities from a group of lawmakers that have no idea what you do? Defense is constantly reminded of this. When budget cuts are threatened, the Pentagon quickly engages members and staff. The Pentagon and the Hill are no strangers to each other. State and the Hill, on the other hand, is something else.
Me: When you put it like that, it seems like State and the Hill are a series of one night stands. Maybe Alec should have stayed home and helped develop a culture of developing constituency in Congress right there in Foggy Bottom?
That the Hill doesn't know or care about State is largely State's problem. Legislative Affairs (H) is more interested with preventing information from moving between the two bodies than increasing understanding and partnership. Who in Foggy Bottom can you identify has good relationships, either professional or personal, with Hill staff or members (yes, plural)?
Me: Who? Well. Um … they don't sign out with me when they're doing their engaging over there. But … oh, wait, there's an entire bureau working on that. State says that "H facilitates effective communication between State Department officials and the Members of Congress and their staffs." In fact since 2001, it has a Capitol Hill House Liaison Office in the Rayburn House Office Building and the Senate Liaison Office since 2010 in the Senate Russell Office Building. Here is what it says:
Both offices provide a full range of State Department support services to members of Congress and their staff. In particular, it provides services related to consular affairs and travel by members of Congress. In fact, there are two full time Foreign Service Officer who are Consular Affairs specialist and available to assist with questions related to visas and passports.
Oops! Damn! Primarily just for CODELs?…. isn't that like the Pentagon having an office in Congress just for miljets?
A – how come I just know that you're going to ruin my happy, bubbly day?
In terms of the Hill committees, there is the problem of HFAC and SFRC not being known as effective committees. That does not mean State should ignore them or ignore the Hill. In most cases, the real power, with regard to foreign operations then, is with the appropriators. But getting legislation to the appropriators requires going through the authorizers. Beyond these committees, it would generally behoove State to actively engage the rest of the Congress because you never know when one might change committees or make a public statement. After all, State truly does have constituents all over the country across all sectors of American life, not just the military-industrial complex like the Pentagon: exchange students, support for businesses operating overseas, tourism, relationships with NGOs based in the US that operate overseas, national security, and more.
Me: See? There. I know she's going to get me one of these days. 😥
Oh, hey, would it help if FSOs blog about their lives overseas beyond the perfect PD moments and not get eaten by State Department tigers?
Or maybe some senior FSOs reassigned to Foggy Bottom can adopt a congressman or a senator?
State can start with Larry Schwartz, the Public Affairs officer from the US Embassy Cairo who ignited a political firestorm for his condemnation (cleared with the embassy's acting ambassador) of a YouTube video that mocked the Prophet Muhammad. Heard that he had just been "relocated" to WashDC, perfect timing. I should mention that Mr. Schwartz's boss who reportedly cleared that statement had prior experience with the House International Relations Committee and would have been an ideal candidate to adopt Congressman Jordan or Gawdy, too. Except that he remains stuck in Cairo.
A? A? Where are you? She's a dear pal, but she can only take so much of me sometimes especially when I'm being scolded ….and I get all 😮


Guest speakers alongside former Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty. L-R: Foundation Chair and Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP Partner Rod Northey; Broadbent Institute Executive Director Rick Smith; Former Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty; Foundation CEO Burkhard Mausberg; and Former Mayor of Mississauga Hazel McCallion.
Regardless of where you live in Ontario, you will likely have a strong opinion about Dalton McGuinty's time as Premier. His departure from politics wasn't entirely smooth. But headlines notwithstanding, Mr. McGuinty has been called "Canada's greenest premier ever." This is no small part due to his study of biology as an undergraduate student, and with that his understanding of ecosystems and commitment to environmental protection.
Recently, we acknowledged the Premier for his leadership of a legacy—the world's largest Greenbelt. We celebrated that accomplishment with the Friend of the Greenbelt Award at the University of Toronto's Hart House with some 400 guests, delicious Ontario food, and local drinks. And among a throng of devoted Greenbelters, Mr. McGuinty was welcomed with open arms.
What is not a well-known fact is that, when the Premier first was presented with a proposed map of the Greenbelt, his comment was, "Is it big enough to do the job? Can we make it more ambitious?" For me, that showed that the Premier—conversant in understanding of biology—recognized that connectivity and size are important elements of conservation. That is, having small isolated islands of parks and protected areas is not sufficient to guarantee the health of an ecosystem.
This was not the first time the former Premier has been applauded for his tenacity. Another notable occasion was the reception the Premier received in February 2005 when he announced the Greenbelt at the McMichael Art Gallery. When he finished his remarks, the crowd started to clap. But more than that, they started to cheer and whistle—and they didn't stop. I saw a momentary level of embarrassment in the Premier's behavior when he realized they weren't stopping. The crowd kept on clapping and cheering for countless minutes, and he continued standing there, smiling, and gracious in his appreciation for that applause. In fact, many of us later complained about sore palms.
At our award ceremony, Dalton McGuinty echoed this modesty. He was gracious in distributing credit to the Greenbelt to his staff, his Caucus, and in particular then-Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing John Gerretsen. One particularly noteworthy moment was when the former Premier lamented the lack of federal environmental leadership over the last decade. He did not hold back any criticism or opinions about how that has stained Canada's international reputation, echoing my own personal thoughts that our country's international reputation on the environment has been degraded. But despite this, the Greenbelt stands out as the bright light that has withstood the test of time, and Mr. McGuinty is responsible for that.
So whatever you think about Mr. McGuinty's legacy—however the headlines may colour his reputation—one cannot deny his outstanding leadership towards land conservation with the establishment of the Greenbelt. In politics, it's important to recognize individual accomplishments and allow for recognizing the same—even if tarred by different feathers.
To read more about the awards see Christopher Hume's Toronto Star piece "McGuinty's Greenbelt lands the prize".


text:
Rocket Candy, or R-Candy, is a type of rocket propellant for model rockets made with sugar as a fuel, and containing an oxidizer. The propellant can be divided into three groups of components: the fuel, the oxidizer, and the additive(s). In the past, sucrose was most commonly used as fuel. Modern formulations most commonly use sorbitol for its ease of production. The most common oxidizer is potassium nitrate (KNO3). Potassium nitrate is most commonly found in tree stump remover. Additives can be many different substances, and either act as catalysts or enhance the aesthetics of the liftoff or flight. A traditional sugar propellant formulation is typically prepared in a 65:35 (13:7) oxidizer to fuel ratio.

There are many different methods for preparation of a sugar-based rocket propellant. Dry compression does not require heating, only the grinding of the components and then packing into the motor. However, this method is not recommended for serious experimenting. Dry heating does not actually melt the KNO3, but it melts the sugar and then the KNO3 grains become suspended in the sugar.

The specific impulse, total impulse, and thrust are generally lower for the same amount of fuel than other composite model rocket fuels, but rocket candy is significantly cheaper.

In the United States, rocket candy motors are legal to make, but illegal to transport without a low explosives users permit.
Since they count as amateur motors, they are typically launched at sanctioned Tripoli Rocketry Association research launches which require users to hold a Tripoli Rocketry Association high power level 2 certification. Users may also launch using these motors by applying for an FAA flight waiver.

Components
Rocket candy can be broken down into three major groups of components: fuels, oxidizers, and additives. The fuel is the substance that burns, releasing rapidly expanding gases that provide thrust as they exit the nozzle. The oxidizer provides oxygen, which is required for the burning process. The additives can be catalysts, to speed up or make the burning more efficient. However, some additives are more aesthetic, and can add sparks and flames to liftoff, or add smoke for ease of following the rocket in the air.

Fuels
Many different sugars can be used as the fuel for rocket candy, including glucose, fructose, and sucrose; however, sucrose is the most common. Sorbitol, a sugar alcohol commonly used as a sweetener in food, produces a less brittle propellant with a slower burn rate. This reduces the risk of cracking propellant grains. Sugars with a double bonded oxygen, such as fructose and glucose, are less thermally stable and tend to caramelize when overheated. Sugars that only have alcohol groups, like sorbitol, are much less prone to this decomposition. Some other commonly used sugars include erythritol, xylitol, lactitol, maltitol, or mannitol.

Oxidizers
The oxidizer most often used in the preparation of sugar motors is potassium nitrate (KNO3). Other oxidizers can be used as well, such as sodium and calcium nitrates as well as mixtures of sodium and potassium nitrate. KNO3 can be acquired through purchasing a granular "stump remover" from stores that carry garden supplies. Other rarely used oxidizers are ammonium and potassium perchlorate.

Two main issues need to be addressed with respect to the oxidizer if one is using potassium nitrate. The most important issue is the purity of the material. If a purchased material does not perform satisfactorily it may be necessary to recrystallize the KNO3. The second important issue with respect to the oxidizer portion of a propellant is its particle size. Most propellant makers prefer their KNO3 ground to a small particle size, such as 100 mesh (about 150 μm) or smaller. This can be done using a coffee grinder.  Rock-tumblers can also be used to mill into a fine grained well mixed powder.

Additives
Additives are often added to rocket propellants to modify their burn properties. Such additives may be used to increase or decrease the burn rate of the propellant. Some are used to alter the color of the flame or smoke produced. They can also be used to modify a certain physical property of the propellant itself, such as plasticizers or surfactants to facilitate the casting of the formulation. There are many types of experimental additives; the ones listed here are only the most commonly used.

Metal oxides have been found to increase the burn rate of sugar propellants. Such additives have been found to function best at levels from 1 to 5 percent. Most often used are iron oxides. Red iron oxide is used most often as it is somewhat easier to obtain than the yellow, brown, or black versions. Brown iron oxide exhibits unusual burn rate acceleration properties under pressure.

Carbon in the form of charcoal, carbon black, graphite, etc., can be and sometimes is used as a fuel in sugar formulations.  Most often, however, a small amount of carbon is used as an opacifier, making a visible smoke trail. The carbon acts as a heat sink, keeping a portion of the heat of combustion located in the propellant rather than having it transferred quickly to the motor casing.

If metallic fuels such as aluminum or magnesium are used in a sugar formulation, a danger exists if traces of acids are found in the oxidizer.  Acidic materials can react readily with the metal, producing hydrogen and heat, a dangerous combination. The addition of weak bases helps to neutralize these acidic materials, greatly reducing their danger.

Titanium metal flake or sponge (about 20 mesh in size) is often added to sugar formulations at levels from 5 to 10% in order to produce a sparking flame and smoke on lift off.

Surfactants are used to reduce the melting viscosity of sugar propellants. For example, propylene glycol helps reduce the melt viscosity of sucrose based propellants.

Formulations
A typical sugar propellant formulation is typically prepared in a 13:7 oxidizer to fuel ratio (weight ratio). However, this formulation is slightly fuel rich., and can be varied by up to 10%. There are many different possible formulations that will allow for flight in amateur rocketry.

Preparation
There are a number of different methods for preparing a sugar-based rocket propellant. These methods include dry compression, dry heating, and dissolving and heating. The latter two methods involve heating the propellant.

In dry compression, the sugar and potassium nitrate are individually ground as finely as possible, and then mixed in a ball mill or tumbler to ensure uniform mixing of the components. This mixture is then compressed into the motor tube, similar to the method for packing black powder into a muzzle loading rifle. However, this method is rarely used for serious experiments, and careful safety considerations should be made before deciding to employ this method.

Another, more common, and safer method of preparing a sugar-based rocket propellant is dry heating. First, the potassium nitrate is ground or milled to a fine powder, and then thoroughly mixed with powdered sugar which is then heated. This method does not actually melt the potassium nitrate, as the melting temperature of KNO3 is , but it melts the sugar and coats the grains of KNO3 with the melted sugar. An alternative to this method used by Rick Maschek of the Sugar Shot to Space project, does not grind or mill the potassium nitrate into a powder resulting in a viscosity low enough to make the hot melt pourable when using sorbitol as the 'sugar' fuel for casting grains. The melting process must be performed using a heat spreader, so as to avoid creating autoignition hot-spots.

James Yawn advocates for the dissolving and heating method. Dissolving and heating the propellant actually dissolves both elements of the propellant and combines them. First, the KNO3 and sugar are placed in a pot or saucepan. Then, just enough water is added to be able to completely dissolve the KNO3 and the sugar. The mixture is then heated and brought to a boil until the water evaporates. The mixture will go through several stages: first boiling, then bubbling and spitting, then it will turn to a smooth creamy consistency. There are several advantages to dissolving the sugar and KNO3 in water before heating. One advantage is that the KNO3 and the sugar do not have to be finely powdered, because they both end up completely dissolved. This method of preparation also causes the resultant propellant to resist caramelization in the pot, giving more time to pack it into the motors.

Performance
Sugar based rocket propellants have an average Isp(specific impulse) of between 115 and 130 seconds. Compare that to the average Isp of an APCP (Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant), which is 180 to 260 seconds. Sorbitol and KNO3 based propellants with a typical 35:65 ratio are capable of an Isp of between 110 and 125 seconds. However, sorbitol and KNO3 rockets with additives have been recorded as having specific impulses of up to 128 seconds.

Xylitol and KNO3 based rocket propellants are capable of a specific impulse of ~100 seconds. These have an unconfined burn rate of about 1.3 mm/s. Dextrose and KNO3 based fuels are capable of  an Isp of 137 seconds. Overall, the performance characteristics of sugar rockets approach those of professional grade propellants.

Applications
Rocket candy is also occasionally known as "caramel candy", a term that was popularized by Bertrand R. Brinley, in his pioneering book on amateur rocketry, Rocket Manual for Amateurs, published in 1960. This propellant was used in some of the amateur rockets described by Homer Hickam in his best-selling memoir Rocket Boys.

Rocket candy was also employed in a small amateur rocket described by Lt. Col. Charles M. Parkin in a lengthy Electronics Illustrated article that continued over several issues, beginning in July 1958. Parkin described how to prepare the propellant mixture by using an electric frying pan as a heat source for the melting operation. This article was reprinted in Parkin's book, The Rocket Handbook for Amateurs, which was published in 1959. Parkin's article contributed to the increasing popularity of the rocket candy propellant among amateur rocket groups beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Sugar-fueled rockets have been used as crude weapons of war, such as during the attacks on Israel by Hamas during 2000-2003.

The Sugar Shot to Space program (SS2S) was formed with the goal "to loft a rocket powered by a 'sugar propellant' into space" equivalent to  in altitude. The Double Sugar Shot rocket will reach , or one third of the goal altitude. The first Mini Sugar Shot rocket, a single-stage dual-pulse design motor prototype of the Extreme Sugar Shot rocket, reached an altitude of  before a catastrophic motor malfunction occurred; contact with the second Mini Sugar Shot rocket was lost at an altitude of nearly  going in excess of Mach 1. In 2017 Rick Maschek and Chris Covany of the SS2S team successfully launched their 150mm potassium nitrate sorbitol propellant rocket at over Mach 2.5 and was followed later that same year by Rick and Eric Beckner of the SS2S team with the first of two successful 300mm KNSB motor static motor tests, largest 'sugar' motors ever, at the Friends of Amateur Rocketry (FAR) facility showing large 'sugar' motors could be made. The Extreme Sugar Shot rocket, now planned as a conventional 2-stage rocket design and the rocket expected to meet the goal of entering space, has not yet been completed.

See also
 Black powder rocket motor

References

External links
Amateur Rocketry web page in Spanish, featuring sorbitol (candy) rockets and rocket motors.
Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Web Site .
Recrystallized Rocketry

Model rocketry
Rocket propellants
Rocket propulsion
Solid-fuel rockets
Solid fuels
Amateur rocketry


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or $45 per hour/hora if we come to you.
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Foreign language education in the US has an alarmingly low success rate despite being a graduation requirement in high schools nationwide because students are not getting the support they need. This means that the US is falling farther behind in competition on the global market.
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Background and Aim: Background and Aim: Grip is the main function of the hand. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of forearm kinesiotaping on maximum power grip and endurance among female students.
Materials and Methods: In this study a hand dynamometer and a chronometer were used to evaluate pre and post maximum power grip and endurance in three groups after 24 hours of forearm kinesiotaping. Forty five healthy female students were investigated in three groups: "1-without taping (control group), 2- with upY taping, and 3- down Y taping".
Results: Following the taping a significant increase was found for maximum power grip in group three (61.40±10.25 N, P<0.002). Meanwhile no significant differences were seen for power grip in groups one and two (60.40±8.36 N, P<0.069 and 58.93±12.53 N, P<0.551). Regarding grip endurance, there was no difference was seen in group one (52.36±14.92 Sec, P<0.391. However, in groups two and three a significant increase was seen for grip endurance (58.46±22.62 Sec, P<0.019 and 64.00±28.86 Sec, P<0.002). Post hoc analysis showed no significant differences among groups.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that after 24 hours of forearm taping, maximum power and endurance grip increased in healthy females.


text:
'use babel'

import { camelCase } from 'change-case'
import { Selector } from 'selector-kit'
import pkgDir from 'pkg-dir'
import performInstall from '../operations/install'
import path from 'path'

const selectors = Selector.create('.source.js')

const matchesAnySelector = (editor) => {
  const cursor = editor.getLastCursor()
  if (!cursor) {
    return false
  }
  const scopeChain = cursor.getScopeDescriptor().getScopeChain()
  return selectors.reduce((m, s) => m || s.matches(scopeChain), false)
}

const insertImportAtCursor = (pkgName, editor) => {
  const impName = camelCase(pkgName)
  const eol = editor.getBuffer().lineEndingForRow(editor.getCursorBufferPosition().row)
  editor.insertText(`import ${impName} from '${pkgName}'${eol}`, {
    select: !editor.getSelectedBufferRange().isEmpty()
  })
}

export default (pkgName, dev, insertImport) => {
  const editor = atom.workspace.getActiveTextEditor()
  if (editor == null || editor.getPath() == null) {
    atom.notifications.addWarning('Path to file unknown, please save first')
    return Promise.resolve()
  }
  atom.views.getView(editor).focus()
  const dir = path.dirname(editor.getPath())
  return pkgDir(dir)
    .catch((err) => {
      console.warn('Failed to get package root from %s: %s', dir, err)
      return dir
    })
    .then((rootPath) => {
      return performInstall(pkgName, rootPath, dev)
    })
    .then(() => {
      atom.notifications.addSuccess(`Package ${pkgName} successfully installed!`)
      if (insertImport && matchesAnySelector(editor)) {
        insertImportAtCursor(pkgName, editor)
      }
    })
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A member of the Bne'i Menashe tribe kisses the ground upon arriving in Israel, Dec. 16 2020. (Shavei Israel)
Israel Begins 2021 with Hundreds of Jews Returning from Lost Tribes in Ethiopia, India
bnei menashe
lost tribe
300 Jews arrive from Ethiopia on New Year's Eve, with more expected Sunday from the Bnei Menashe community of northeastern India.
A group 300 new immigrants from Ethiopia landed Thursday night at Ben Gurion Airport and a small group of Jews from India are set to arrive Sunday as 2021 kicks off with aliyah by Jews from some of the lost tribes of Israel.
"It makes me happy to open the year 2021 in this way," said Immigration and Absorption Minister Pnina Tamano Shata, who was on hand to greet the new immigrants.
Shata herself was born in the Ethiopian province of Gondor, where a large part of the Jewish community was located. She arrivedin Israel in 1984 as part of Operation Moses that brought thousands successfully to Israel, but was cut short when Arab countries found out about it. Shata is the first black woman to be elected to the Knesset and be appointed a cabinet minister.
Considered by some to be members of the lost biblical tribe of Dan, Operation Solomon in 1991 brought another 14,000 more Ethiopian Jews to Israel in 1991, but roughly 7,000 more remained behind and the government has committed to bring them all out withing the coming year with Shata saying another 2,000 are expected by the end of January.
On Sunday five members of the Bnei Menashe community in India are expected to land in Israel, joining a group of 252 who arrived on aliyah two weeks ago. They are part of a 7,000 member community in northern India while some 4,000 Bnei Menashe already live in Israel.
The Bnei Menashe, sons of Manasseh, claim descent from one of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel who were sent into exile by the Assyrian Empire more than 27 centuries ago. Their ancestors wandered through Central Asia and the Far East for centuries before settling in what is now northeastern India, along the border with Burma and Bangladesh.
Even though they were exiled from biblical Israel, the Bnei Menashe continued to practice Judaism including observing the Sabbath, keeping kosher, celebrating the festivals and following the laws of family purity – all with the dream of eventually returning home to the land of Israel.
The aliyah of the Bnei Menashe is helped by he organization Shavei Yisrael – Returners of Israel – which has been working since 2002 to help the Bnei Menashe reconnect with Jewish practice and bring them to Israel.
"We are happy to start 2021 with the Aliyah of five more Bnei Menashe to the land of their ancestors, the Land of Israel, where they will join their family members who already live here," said Michael Freund, Shavei Israel founder and chairman. "We are confident that 2021 will prove to be a significant year for the continued Aliyah of the Bnei Menashe, as we are planning to bring more than 500 new immigrants from the community to Israel, which is double the number we were able to bring in 2020."
I found a very interesting article on Americans United with Israel! Click to read this: --> https://americaunitedwithisrael.org/israel-begins-2021-with-hundreds-of-jews-returning-from-lost-tribes-in-ethiopia-india/


Struck 13 BC. C. Marius Tromentina, moneyer.
Julia was the daughter of Augustus. She was married to her cousin Marcellus. After his death she married her father's best friend Agrippa. By him, she had several children. After Agrippa died, she married Tiberius. The marriage was a failure. Julia had numerous affairs with men of all classes. When Augustus became aware of is daughter's promiscuity, she was banished to a small island.


text:
Glossary Index
More pages in this category
(in alphabetical order):
Disaccharides
Monosaccharides
Peptones
More pages in this category (in alphabetical order):
This section is about
Terms used to describe digestion and digestive processes
To read about other parts of the digestive system, use the links on the left-side of this page.
See also glossary pages about
Tissues and Organs of the
and about
Diseases and Disorders of the Digestive System
Fats are substances that contain one or more than one fatty acids in the form of triglycerides.
Fats are also the main form in which energy is stored in the body - as adipose tissue.
Fats are one of the 3 main parts of the human diet - the others being carbohydrates and proteins.
Uses and effects of Fats:
A healthy diet should include sufficient essential fatty acids for the efficient absorption of fat-soluble vitamins via the intestines.
Fats in the body itself provide several important functions including insulation beneath the skin (in the subcutaneous tissue) and around organs such as the kidneys. However, excessive deposition of fat in the body can lead to obesity and its many consequences and risks.
More about the Digestive System:
This section includes pages about:
Introduction to the Digestive System
Terminology about Digestion
Passage through the alimentary tract
Component Parts of the Digestive System, incl. Teeth, Stomach, Liver, Small Intestine, Large Intestine
Chemical Processes in the Digestive System (introductory level)
For further information see also our pages of books about gastroenterology.
Click for pages about Digestion
The digestive system (introduction)
Digestive System Terminology
Main Stages of the Digestive Process
Transit through the Alimentary Canal
Absorption Sites
Structures of the mouth
Teeth - as part of the digestive system
Digestive System Diseases & Disorders
Saffron adopted through ABC's Adopt-an-Herb Program - 7 Apr '20
Kale is in season in February - 7 Feb '20
Aromatherapy assoc. NAHA supports lavender via ABC's adopt-an-herb - 22 Dec '19
Garlic and Artichoke adopted through ABC's Adopt-an-Herb Program - 14 Jun '19
Cranberry Harvest underway in USA - 5 Oct '18
Total retail sales of herbal supplements in the USA exceeded $8 Billion in 2017 - 13 Sep '18
It's a bumper blueberry season - 13 Jul '18
Positive effects of exercise on blood cell populations - 20 Jun '18


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