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Archive for the 'Platonism' Category
Brexit Criminals Manipulate Minds With Fake Grassroot Campaigns Propelled By Plutocratic Money
Brexit is an instrument of global plutocracy to weaken progress, democracy, and the fight against the world oligarchy. So far it has functioned really well, causing a massive mess. The proofs of this keeps on piling up. Here is the latest, a week before the expiration of the ill-advised ultimatum of the EU to the UK.
It's already known that the Official Leave/Brexit campaign broke electoral laws. Now they aren't done yet…
The British Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) will use its legal powers to obtain information from Facebook about the involvement of creative plutocratic henchman Sir Lynton Crosby in running a secretive network of advertising campaigns on the social network to push for a no-deal Brexit.
The ICO will look at how any data is being handled, potentially including email addresses collected while encouraging people to email their MP.
All lies, all propaganda: the populace is getting its orders, and even its minds and hearts from plutocracy. There are countless ads like these… Many with black and other colored begging for Brexit… BBC is full of them…
The Guardian revealed on Tuesday how a series of apparently grassroots advertising campaigns for a no-deal Brexit are secretly overseen by employees of the Australian Tory election guru's lobbying company. Just as Murdoch, the Australian Lynton Crosby conspired to become a British citizen. Heavily influence British right-wing politics with dirty tactics, and even to be ennobled.
Crosby helped Boris Johnson, ex-mayor of London, co-chair of the Leave campaign, with what Johnson called "dead cats". Mr. Johnson explained: when losing an argument because the facts are against you, you do the equivalent of "throwing a dead cat on the table": bring up an issue you want to talk about that draws widespread attention from the stupid populace, forcing opponents to also talk about the dead cat issue instead of the previous issue.
Crosby used his new dirty tactics serving fossil fuels and tobacco (Philip Morris).
Said the ICO: "We are aware of these, and other similar concerns, and have included them as part of our ongoing investigation into the use of personal data for political purposes. We have used our statutory powers to require the social media platforms and campaign groups involved to provide information to our investigators. This will allow us to identify if there has been any misuse of personal data. Our work is ongoing. As we have set out before, the use of personal information for political campaigning purposes must comply with data protection law and, as we have shown, we will take all necessary action to protect UK citizens and uphold the law."
Global Plutocratic Pyramid… Maybe Not Exactly This, But Something Like That
Damian Collins, the Conservative MP who this week confirmed the launch of a permanent House of Commons sub-committee on disinformation, said he would be discussing the Crosby-linked Facebook advertising campaigns with the UK information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, at a hearing later this month. "We want to understand who is paying for these campaigns, what data they are using to target people on social media, where that data came from and also what they plan to do with the data they are collecting," he said.
Labour has called for Crosby to appear in front of parliament. "Third-party campaign networks are operating together in the shadows to influence our democracy," said the shadow culture secretary, Tom Watson. "The citizens targeted by their advertising campaigns have no way of knowing who these groups really are and who is funding them. It's not right."
I Black, So I truth. More of the Brexit Pluto Propaganda…
In further exploration of the Australian lobbyists' malfeasance, Facebook is also investigating whether the activities of Crosby's employees meet the definition of "coordinated inauthentic behaviour", a term that has been used by the social networking company to justify the removal of Russian and Iranian disinformation campaigns from their site.
Facebook defines coordinated inauthentic behaviour as when "groups of pages or people work together to mislead others about who they are or what they're doing", a definition that appears to apply to the activities of Mainstream Network and Britain's Future, which are pro-Brexit groups having spent millions of dollars in their pro-Brexit campaign.
Coordinated inauthentic behaviour also occur with philosophical authorities who want only one type of thinking, the Pluto-Plato type, and its ancient platitudes, and lies, to rule over men, sheeple, and beasts.(One such lies being who really generated the big ideas, here women, Aspasia, Diotima…)
"When we take down one of these networks it's because of their deceptive behaviour, it's not because of the content they're sharing," said Nathaniel Gleicher, Facebook's head of cybersecurity policy, in a video posted last year.
Mastering people is mastering their minds. No need for whips with sheep, showing the way is enough. All the way to the slaughterhouse. In the Later Roman Empire, Neo-Platonism came to dominate, as it was fully compatible with increasing fascism. When that was found to still be too rational, and plutocrats still had to pay some taxes, Roman Catholicism was rolled out by Constantine, reinforced by his sons, and made maximally lethal by emperors Gratian and Theodosius I (all this in 60 years; the Occidental empire collapsed).
Immediately after Theodosius and his goons invented the concept of "heresy" (not believing in Jesus as described by the emperor), and making it punishable by death after atrocious suffering (like very slow burning), "Men In Black" went all over, destroying all books promoting rationality.
Those who manipulate minds with the grossest disinformation, and their paymasters, influencing votes, should be imprisoned for a very long time…
Establishing truth is the core of the democratic process, both its fruit and its engine.
Macron, president of France, has declared Brexit to be a pack of lies, which it is. The conclusion is to re-establish the truth, and thus to absolutely avoid Brexit. The European Union should bend over backwards to make it so. But,drugged on outrageous lies, factual, emotional, logical lies, the British need more time to change their minds. The EU has to provide it.
Tags:Brexit, Brexit criminals, ICO, Sir Crosby, UK
Posted in Platonism, Plutocracy, Plutocratic Conspiracy | 11 Comments »
Not An Infinity Of Angels On Pinheads
Thomas Aquinas and other ludicrous pseudo-philosophers (in contradistinction with real philosophers such as Abelard) used to ponder questions about angels, such as whether they can interpenetrate (as bosons do).
Are today's mathematicians just as ridiculous? The assumption of infinity has been "proven" by the simplest reasoning ever: if n is the largest number, clearly, (n+1) is larger. I have long disagreed with that hare-brained sort of certainty, and it's not a matter of shooting the breeze. (My point of view has been spreading in recent years!) Just saying something exists, does not make it so (or then one would believe Hitler and Brexiters). If I say:"I am emperor of the galaxy known as the Milky Way!" that has a nice ring to it, but it does not make it so (too bad, that would be fun).
Given n symbols, each labelled by something, can one always find a new something to label (n+1) with? I say: no. Why? Because reality prevents it. Somebody (see below) objected that I confused "map" and "territory". But I am a differential geometer, and the essential idea there, from the genius B. Riemann, is that maps allow to define "territory":
Fundamental Idea Of Riemann: the Maps At the Bottom Are Differentiable
The reason has to do with discoveries made between 1600 and 1923. Around 1600 Kepler tried to concretize that attraction of planets to the sun (with a 1/d law). Ishmael Boulliau (or Bullialdius) loved the eclipses (a top astronomer, a crater on the Moon is named after him). But Boulliau strongly disagreed with 1/d and gave a simple, but strong reasoning to explain it should be 1/dd, the famous inverse square law.
Newton later (supposedly) established the equivalence between the 1/dd law and Kepler's three laws of orbital motion, thus demonstrating the former (there is some controversy as whether Newton fully demonstrated that he could assume planets were point-masses, what's now known as Gauss' law).
I insist upon the 1/dd law, because we have no better (roll over Einstein…), on a small-scale.
Laplace (and some British thinker) pointed out in the late 18C that this 1/dd law implied Black Holes.
In 1900, Jules Henri Poincaré demonstrated that energy had inertial mass. That's the famous E = mcc.
So famous, it could only be attributed to a member of the superior Prussian race.
The third ingredient in the annihilation of infinity was De Broglie's assertion that to every particle a wave should be associated. The simple fact that, in some sense a particle was a wave (or "wave-packet"), made the particle delocalized, thus attached to a neighborhood, not a point. At this point, points exited reality.
Moreover, the frequency of the wave is given by its momentum-energy, said De Broglie (and that was promptly demonstrated in various ways). That latter fact prevents to make a particle too much into a point. Because, to have short wave, it needs a high frequency, thus a high energy, and if that's high enough, it becomes a Black Hole, and, even worse a Whole Hole (gravity falls out of sight, physics implodes).
To a variant of the preceding, in: Solution: 'Is Infinity Real?' Pradeep Mutalik says:
@Patrice Ayme: It seems that you are making the exact same conflation of "the map" and "the territory" that I've recommended should be avoided. There is no such thing as the largest number in our conceptual model of numbers, but there is at any given point, a limit on the number of particles in the physical universe. If tomorrow we find that each fermion consists of a million vibrating strings, we can easily accommodate the new limit because of the flexible conceptual structure provided by the infinite assumption in our mathematics.
I know very well the difference between "maps" and territory: all of post-Riemann mathematics rests on it: abstract manifolds (the "territories") are defined by "maps Fi" (such that, Fi composed with Fj is itself a differential map from an open set in Rx…xR to another, the number of Real lines R being the dimension… Instead of arrogantly pointing out that I have all the angles covered, I replied:
Dear Pradeep Mutalik:
Thanks for the answer. What limits the number of particles in a (small enough) neighborhood is density: if mass-energy density gets too high, according to (generally admitted) gravity theory, not even a graviton could come out (that's even worse than having a Black Hole!)
According to Quantum Theory, to each particle is associated a wave, itself computed from, and expressing, the momentum-energy of said particle.
Each neighborhood could be of (barely more than) Planck radius. Tessellate the entire visible universe this way. If too each distinct wave one attaches an integer, it is clear that one will run out of waves, at some point, to label integers with. My view does not depend upon strings, super or not: I just incorporated the simplest model of strings.
Another mathematician just told me: 'Ah, but the idea of infinity is like that of God'. Well, right. Precisely the point. Mathematics, ultimately, is abstract physics. We don't need god in physics, as Laplace pointed out to Napoleon ("Sire, je n'ai pas besoin de cette hypothese"). (I know well that Plato and his elite, tyrant friendly friends and students replied to all of this, that they were not of this world, a view known as "Platonism", generally embraced by mathematicians, especially if they are from plutocratic Harvard University… And I also know why this sort of self-serving, ludicrous opinion, similar to those of so-called "Saint" Thomas, a friend of the Inquisition, and various variants of Satanism, have been widely advocated for those who call for self-respect for their class of haughty persons…)
The presence of God, aka infinity, in mathematics, is not innocuous. Many mathematical brain teasers become easier, or solvable if one assumes only a largest number (this is also how computers compute, nota bene). Assuming infinity, aka God, has diverted mathematical innovation away from the real world (say fluid flow, plasma physics, nonlinear PDEs, nonlinear waves, etc.) and into questions akin to assuming that an infinity of angels can hold on a pinhead. Well, sorry, but modern physics has an answer: only a finite number.
Tags:Black Holes, Energy, Infinity, Largest Number, Localization, Matter Waves, Platonism, Wave Mechanics
Posted in Corruption, Foundations Of Physics, Platonism, Plutocracy, Quantum Field Theory, Wave | 30 Comments »
The MATHEMATICAL MIND HYPOTHESIS
Abstract: A new view is seen ("theo-ry") for the relationship of mind and universe, and mathematics is central. The Mathematical Mind Hypothesis (MMH). The MMH contradicts, explains, and thus overrules Platonism (the ruling explanation for math, among mathematicians). The MMH is the true essence of what makes the Mathematical Universe Hypothesis alluring.
What's the nature of mathematics? I wrote two essays already, but was told I was just showing off as a mathematician, and the subject was boring. So let me try another angle today.
The nature of mathematics is a particular case of the nature of thinking.
For a number of reasons, deep in today's physics, as I have (partly) explained in "Einstein's Error", many physicists are obsessed with the "Multiverse", an extreme version of which is the "Mathematical Universe Hypothesis" (MUH), exposed for example by Tegmark, a tenured cosmologist at MIT. Instead of telling people what happened in the first second of the universe, as if I considered myself to be god, I prefer to consider dog:
Dogs LEARN To Choose "y" According To Least Time
[Dogs can also learn to solve that Calculus of Variation problem in much more difficult circumstances, if the water is choppy, the ground too soft, etc. To have such a mathematical brain allowed the species to catch dinner, and survive.]
The "Multiverse" has its enemies, I am among them. Smolin, a physicist who writes general access books, has tried to say something (as described in Massimo's Scientia Salon' "Smolin and the Nature of Mathematics").
"Smolin," Massimo, a tenured philosophy professor also a biology PhD, told me "as a counter [to Platonism], offers his model of development of mathematics, which does begin to provide an account for why mathematical theorems are objective (the word he prefers to "true," in my mind appropriately so)."
Smolin is apparently unaware of a whole theory of "truth" in mathematical logic, and of the existence of the work of famous logicians such as Tarski. When Smolin was in the physics department of Berkeley, so was the very famous Tarski, in the mathematics department. Obviously, the young and unknown Smolin never met the elder logician and mathematician, as he is apparently still in no way aware of any of his work.
Thus, what does Smolin say? Nothing recent. Smolin says mathematics is axiomatic, and develops like games. That was at the heart of the efforts of Frege's mathematical logic, more than 115 years ago. (Bertrand Russell shot Frege's theory down, by applying the 24 centuries old Cretan Paradox to it; interestingly, Buridan had found a rather modern solution to the problem, in the 14C!) To help sort things out, it was discovered that one could depict Axiomatic Systems with sequences of numbers. Could not Axiomatics then be made rigorously described, strictly predictive?
Gödel showed that this approach could not work in any system containing arithmetic. Other logicians had proven even more general results in the same vein earlier than that (Löwenheim, Skolem and contemporaries). Smolin is now trying to reintroduce it, as if Löwenheim, Skolem, Gödel, and the most spectacular advances in logic of the first half of the Twentieth Century, never happened.
Does Mr. Smolin know this? Not necessarily: he is a physicist rather than a mathematician (like Tarski, or yours truly).
Smolin: "Both the records and the mathematical objects are human constructions which are brought into existence by exercises of human will."
Smolin: Math brought into existence by HUMAN WILL. Mathematics as will and representation? (To parody Schopenhauer.)
So how come the minds of animals follow mathematical laws? Dogs, in particular, behave according to very complicated applications of calculus.
http://www.maa.org/programs/faculty-and-departments/classroom-capsules-and-notes/do-dogs-know-calculus-of-variation
How come ellipses exist? Have ellipses been brought into existence by Smolin's "human will"? When a planet follows (more or less) an ellipse, is that a "construction which has been brought into existence by exercises of human will"?
Some will perhaps say that the planet "constructs" nothing. That I misunderstood the planet.
Massimo's quoted me, and asserted that there was no value whatsoever to the existence of mathematical objects:
I had said: "How come enormously complex and subtle mathematical objects, which are very far from arbitrary, exist out there?"
Massimo replied: "They don't."
And that's it. It reminded me the way God talked in the Qur'an. It is, what it is, says Allah, and his apparent emulator, Massimo. Massimo did not explain why he feels that the spiral of a nautilus does not exist (or maybe, he does not feel that way, because it clearly looks like a spiral). According to Smolin, the spiral is just a "construct of human will".
If the spiral is a construct of human will, why not the mountains, and the ocean?
I am actually an old enemy of mathematical Platonism. However, I don't throw the baby with the bath.
I agree that the "Mathematical Universe Hypothesis", and Platonism in general are erroneous. However that does not mean they are deprived of any value whatsoever.
Ideas never stand alone. They are always part of theories. And idea such as Platonism is actually a vast theory.
MUH is: 'Our external physical reality is a mathematical structure.'
I do not believe in the MUH. Because of my general sub-quantic theory, which predicts Dark Matter. In my theory, vast quantum interactions leave debris: Dark Matter. That process is essentially chaotic, and indescribable, except statistically (as the Quantum is). propose a completely different route: our mind are constructed by (still hidden) laws which rule the universe. Call that the MATHEMATICAL MIND HYPOTHESIS (MMD).
Here is the MMD: Our internal neurological reality constructs real physical structures we call "mathematics".
This explains why a dog's brain can construct the neurological structures it needs to find the solutions of complex problems in the calculus of variations.
Dogs did not learn calculus culturally, by reading books. Indeed. Still they learned, by interacting with the universe. (It's unconscious learning, but still learning. Most learning we have arose unconsciously.)
From these interactions, dogs' brains learn to construct structures which solve very complicated calculus of variations problems. As explained by the Mathematical Mind Hypothesis, (hidden) physics shows up in neurological constructions we call mathematics. And those structures, constructed with this yet-unrevealed, not even imagined, physics, are not just mathematical, but they are what we call mathematics, itself. That's why dogs know mathematics: their brain contain mathematics.
Technical Note: Some may smirk, and object that my little theory ignores the variation in neurological structure from one creature to the next. Should not those variations mean that one beast's math is not another beast's math?
Why? We need to go back to Cantor's fundamental intuition about cardinals, and generalize (from Set Theory to General Topology). Cantor said that two sets had the same cardinal if they were in bijection. (Then he considered order, and introduced "ordinals", by making the bijection respect order.)
I propose to say two neurological structure are mathematically the same if they produce the same math. (Some will say that's obvious, but it's not anymore obvious than, say, "Skolemization".)
[Last point: I use "neurology" to designate much more than the set of all neurons, dendrites, synapses, axons and attached oligodendrocytes. I designate thus the entire part of the brain which contributes to mind and intelligence (so includes all glial cells, etc.). That ensemble is immensely complex, in dimensions and topologies.]
Tags:Mathematical Mind Hypothesis, Mathematical Universe Hypothesis, Mathematics, Mind, Platonism
Posted in Axiomatics, Mathematics, Platonism | 8 Comments »
Some Basics Of Natural Philosophy
NO MULTIVERSE, NO PLATONISM (Less Air Travel, Too):
Some people go around, and brandish the "Multiverse". Of course, the "Multiverse" exists, in one's brain. The brain, among other things, extends all over imagination. Out there, among the galaxies, in the real world, there is no reason to suppose there is a "Multiverse, whatsoever.
It is basically something to sell books with. Or, just as with evil minded religions, for some physicists to claim they are like gods and can believe in something really absurd, and grotesquely self-contradictory:
There is No Universe, But the Universe:
The Universe is all there is. By definition. By philosophical definition. Just by philosophical definition? Not so. Any logic is associated to a universe. If the "logic" is nature itself ("all of the logic") the associated universe (in the Logic sense), is, well, the Universe.
If something some would want to call the "Multiverse", whatever that would be, existed, it would be part of the Universe.
Galaxies Used To Be Called "Island Universes". They Collide; This Is A Much Older Universe Than People Understand
Age Of The Universe? Really?
Befuddled physicists go around, telling us about the "First Three Minutes" (Weinberg; Electro-Weak Nobel laureate), or the "History Of Time" (Hawking; remarkable survivor-physicist in a wheelchair).
That rests on their perfect knowledge of how the universe evolved.
This, in turn, depends upon ignoring Dark Energy. Dark Energy shows up as an unpredicted acceleration of the expansion of the Universe.
The old theory of expansion of the Universe was established before Dark Energy was discovered.
So they think they know, but I know they don't really know.
I don't know if the Universe has an age. But it is aging, or, at least, let's be more cautious, the Universe is changing.
How Both Physics And Mathematics Became Not Even Wrong:
Mathematics themselves have always been developed in particular directions, in light of what it was felt was needed to understand the physical world. That was certainly true with Buridan, and his students, who developed computational methods, and graphs, to handle what they wanted to do with inertia. That was true with calculus developed for all sorts of engineering and physics explanations.
And so on through the next three centuries. However, in the last three decades, what I personally viewed as extremely erroneous notions in physics became dominant.
Indeed, it had become that clear time was not "relative" (whatever that is supposed to mean). True, time was local, as per Relativity, but it was local in an absolute way. The absoluteness comes from Quantum Theory… And the absoluteness of curvature in cosmology (the focusing of light, by galaxies and galactic clusters is absolute, thus so is time, locally around such focusing objects!).
Efforts were launched towards was felt would be the mathematics of "superstrings" and "field theory". That would have been wonderful, if the initial meta-axiom motivating the whole enterprise, that nature worked with strings, super, and field mathematics perched on field math, all the way down… had been, roughly, correct.
Mathematics is not "natural". Or let's say, not anymore "natural" than the human brain can get contrived. Mathematics is an adventure in what the geometry, the Quantum geometry, of neurology is capable of.
Mathematics is not unreasonably effective (as the famous physicist-mathematician Wigner put it).
Mathematics is reason, manipulated to be effective in a particular way. Correctly determining in advance what the way will be makes the difference between understanding nature, and failing to do so.
Math is just, roughly, neuronal geometry that "works" ("working" here meaning what the brain does, whatever it is, beyond just manipulating electric and chemical signals).
Do We Need To Tour Frantically With Jets?
In other news, after the crash in France of a Lufthansa A320 plane, pundits will surely come, and claim aloud that air travel is the safest mode of travel.
Is it? It depends upon the method of measurement.
The way advertisers come up with the "air travel is the safest form of travel" statement is by dividing number of people killed by distance travelled.
However, another measure would be to divide the number of people killed by the number of travels they engaged in. This is a more significant measure to think about. And air travel looks much good that way: in just one day in Europe, more car travels happen than all the air travel for the entire world, in a year.
Not to say that air travel should be discouraged. It is not exactly like smoking, with no redeeming value, whatsoever. Families ought to be reunited. Getting to know other countries, encouraged. However one week tourism, far away, thanks to plane travel ought, in my opinion, to be discouraged.
Instead, the projections are that air travel will augment considerably in the next few decades.
Between Barcelona and Dusseldorf, one ought to be able to travel just as fast by rail (not all the high speed lines are built, nor will they be built, thanks to plutocratically imposed austerity, and subsidies to… air travel). Electric trains pollute much less, by more than an order of magnitude, and are much safer.
The global CO2 situation is that bad. Besides, look at that entire high school classroom of fifteen year old that went down with the plane… Just for a week in Barcelona?
Tags:Age Universe, Air Travel Safe Not, Multiverse, Neuronal Geometry, Platonism
Posted in Neurology, Platonism, Psychology, Reality, Universe | 15 Comments »
How Tribal Evolution Brought Present Masochism
Paula Nelson on "CRETIN" Comes Fro…


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Japanese crowdsourcing startup Lancers files for IPO
See the original story in Japanese. Tokyo-based Lancers, the Japanese startup providing a major crowdsourcing platform under the same name, announced on Wednesday that the IPO application to the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) has been approved. The company will be listed on the TSE Mothers Market on December 16 with plans to offer 2,270,000 million shares for public subscription and to sell up to 1,100,600 shares in over-allotment options, for a total of 5,067,400 shares. Daiwa Securities will lead the underwriting. Its share price range will be released on November 17 with bookbuilding scheduled to start on November 29 and pricing on December 6. According to the consolidated statement as of March 2019, they posted revenue of 2.52 billion yen (about $23.2 million) with an ordinary loss of 93 million yen ($854,000), serving 33,000 companies in Japan while unit sales per client reaches 194,000 yen (about $1,780). See also: Can crowdsourcing startups change Japan's employment landscape? Lancers CEO Yosuke Akiyoshi on obstacles facing crowdsourcing in Japan Japanese crowdsourcing startup Lancers launches matchmaking platform for regional businesses Since its launch back in 2008, the company has been offering a platform allowing companies outsource tasks to freelancers. The traditional concept of crowdsourcing…
Lancers CEO Yosuke Akiyoshi
See the original story in Japanese.
Tokyo-based Lancers, the Japanese startup providing a major crowdsourcing platform under the same name, announced on Wednesday that the IPO application to the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) has been approved. The company will be listed on the TSE Mothers Market on December 16 with plans to offer 2,270,000 million shares for public subscription and to sell up to 1,100,600 shares in over-allotment options, for a total of 5,067,400 shares. Daiwa Securities will lead the underwriting.
Its share price range will be released on November 17 with bookbuilding scheduled to start on November 29 and pricing on December 6. According to the consolidated statement as of March 2019, they posted revenue of 2.52 billion yen (about $23.2 million) with an ordinary loss of 93 million yen ($854,000), serving 33,000 companies in Japan while unit sales per client reaches 194,000 yen (about $1,780).
Can crowdsourcing startups change Japan's employment landscape?
Lancers CEO Yosuke Akiyoshi on obstacles facing crowdsourcing in Japan
Japanese crowdsourcing startup Lancers launches matchmaking platform for regional businesses
Since its launch back in 2008, the company has been offering a platform allowing companies outsource tasks to freelancers. The traditional concept of crowdsourcing has been that someone in a remote location helps you finish minor tasks at an affordable rate. But platforms like Lancers are being used for more, serving as a primary income stream for some.
Led by CEO Yosuke Akiyoshi (62.47%), the company's major shareholders include Globis Capital Partners (15.62%), KDDI (5.95%), Persol Holdings (5.38%), GMO Venture Partners (3.05%), Shinsei Bank (2.3%), and Gree Ventures (1.18%, now known as Strive).
Japan's Lancers raises $9M from HR giant and bank, offers loans to freelance workers
See the original story in Japanese. Tokyo-based Lancers, the Japanese startup providing a major crowdsourcing platform under the same name, announced last month that it had raised 1 billion yen (about $9 million) from Persol Holdings (TSE:2181) and Shinsei Bank (TSE:8303). Concluding business partnership contracts with both companies concurrently, Lancers will commence its new financing business targeting freelance workers. According to Lancers, the current number of freelancers in Japan is 11.22 million comprising 17% of the entire working population, showing a 5% increase from last year. It is said that more and more Japanese workers are coming to choose a 'new work style' which is neither full-time nor contract work. On the other hand, Persol Group, one of the investors this time, has developed various businesses that enhance job mobility of the Japanese working population, by using temporary staff company Tempstaff (TSE:2476) or staffing agency Persol Career (TSE:4757, formerly known as Intelligence) that it owns. While the two companies had been affiliated through investment via Persol Career, by adding Shinsei Bank into this framework, they aim to develop and provide a new loan service to individual workers who need equipment investment or education / training upon starting new business. At…
Yosuke Akiyoshi, CEO of Lancers
Tokyo-based Lancers, the Japanese startup providing a major crowdsourcing platform under the same name, announced last month that it had raised 1 billion yen (about $9 million) from Persol Holdings (TSE:2181) and Shinsei Bank (TSE:8303). Concluding business partnership contracts with both companies concurrently, Lancers will commence its new financing business targeting freelance workers.
According to Lancers, the current number of freelancers in Japan is 11.22 million comprising 17% of the entire working population, showing a 5% increase from last year. It is said that more and more Japanese workers are coming to choose a 'new work style' which is neither full-time nor contract work. On the other hand, Persol Group, one of the investors this time, has developed various businesses that enhance job mobility of the Japanese working population, by using temporary staff company Tempstaff (TSE:2476) or staffing agency Persol Career (TSE:4757, formerly known as Intelligence) that it owns.
While the two companies had been affiliated through investment via Persol Career, by adding Shinsei Bank into this framework, they aim to develop and provide a new loan service to individual workers who need equipment investment or education / training upon starting new business.
At the press conference held last April, Lancers announced that its sales in 2016 exceeded 2.1 billion yen and then revealed a new concept of Open Talent Platform as its business strategy out of an otherwise conventional online work matching platform. It presented several action plans for gearing up of its service operation as part of the concept, such as start of individual skill matching platform Pook or the spin-off of Quant for corporate customers.
Japanese crowdsourcing marketplace Lancers raises $2.9 million
The loan business to individuals announced this time is an extension of the concept, and is expected to be a system enabling individual workers to receive credit examination or third-party evaluation as with full-time workers. Specifically, they plan to visualize individual workers' skill or work style as 'Talent Score' based on evaluation data accumulated by Persol Group or Lancers, and input it into business activities leveraging Shinsei Bank's financial know-how.
Yohsuke Akiyoshi, CEO of Lancers, explained that the firm will jointly develop Talent Score as an evaluation criterion for the establishment of 'Lancer Economies':
Our cumulative fundraised amount is 2.3 billion yen (about $21 million) including this round. I see the two companies as partners to establish Talent Score together in order to increase freelancers' working option under the framework of Open Talent Platform.
With Persol Holdings, we will jointly develop an evaluation system of freelancer's work style and skill. Even in Lancers or Persol, full-time workers taking up freelance works as side jobs have been appearing.
Akiyoshi said the kind of workers that are expected to benefit most through this business partnership is those who hold full-time jobs and freelance work concurrently, called 'parallel worker':
Conventionally, work contents or performance evaluation were completely separated between the main job and the extra job.
However, in the economic area we are going to create, users can receive higher salary in their main job reflecting feedback of the subsidiary job performance at Lancers, or vice versa.
With the other partner Shinsei Bank, Lancers plans to carry out activities related to credit examination based on the score, according to Akiyoshi:
We also develop Talent Score with Shinsei Bank. Although Lancers has own unique data, the bank has a strength in individual credit data in terms of quality and quantity.
By cooperating with the institution, we will upgrade Talent Score and invest in Lancers users who are scored at a certain level, in order to change the current situation where it is harder for freelancers to borrow money than full-time workers. Imagine how we can improve their work style together as well as their life generally.
With respect to the concept of scoring individuals, Japan's Crowd Works had also announced a similar lending service called Crowd Cash. The two players seem to lead the construction of infrastructure surrounding the Japanese new work style now in formation.
Translated by Taijiro Takeda
Edited by "Tex" Pomeroy
Japanese crowdsourcing startup Lancers raises $8.5 million from KDDI, others
Japan's customer experience management platform Wizpra raises $2 million
This is the abridged version of our original article in Japanese. Tokyo-based crowdsourcing startup Lancers was launched in December 2008. It has since acquired over 100,000 companies and 410,000 crowdsourced users. Lancers announced today that it has fundraised about 1 billion yen (or about $8.45 million) from KDDI (telco), Intelligence Holdings (employment service), Colopl (gaming company), Gree Ventures, Globis Capital Partners, and GMO Venture Partners. The company will use the funds to cultivate crowdsourceing needs in the market, support freelancers using the crowdsourcing platform, hire new people, and strengthen their system development efforts. Coinciding with the funds, Lancers has partnered with KDDI, Intelligence, and Gree, and will help these companies use crowdsourced forces for their content production activities. See also: Japanese crowdsourcing startup Lancers launches matchmaking platform for regional businesses Lancers CEO Yosuke Akiyoshi on obstacles facing crowdsourcing in Japan Japanese crowdsourcing marketplace Lancers raises $2.9 million Can crowdsourcing startups change Japan's employment landscape?
This is the abridged version of our original article in Japanese.
Tokyo-based crowdsourcing startup Lancers was launched in December 2008. It has since acquired over 100,000 companies and 410,000 crowdsourced users.
Lancers announced today that it has fundraised about 1 billion yen (or about $8.45 million) from KDDI (telco), Intelligence Holdings (employment service), Colopl (gaming company), Gree Ventures, Globis Capital Partners, and GMO Venture Partners. The company will use the funds to cultivate crowdsourceing needs in the market, support freelancers using the crowdsourcing platform, hire new people, and strengthen their system development efforts.
Coinciding with the funds, Lancers has partnered with KDDI, Intelligence, and Gree, and will help these companies use crowdsourced forces for their content production activities.
Japan's crowdsourcing plaform Shufti raises $5.8 million
Lancers Place
Tokyo-based Lancers operates one of Japan's most popular crowdsourcing platforms. The company recently announced it has also launched a business matchmaking platform in closed beta, with the goal of connecting non-IT and regional business operators with potential clients. The new site is called Lancers Place, developed as a part of an effort to explore new business with Japanese telco KDDI. By leveraging crowdsourced online workers, Lancers has been helping clients fulfill their IT needs in areas like web design, brochure layouts, and mobile app coding. But the company has been planning to expand beyond IT. KDDI has had a program for small and medium-sized enterprises since 2010, helping members find appropriate business fulfillment services. By connecting their user bases each other, the two companies expect to create more business opportunities that span geographical locations and business sectors. Lancers aims to get about 100,000 regional businesses listed on the platform by the end of FY2014, and will work on member acquisition prior to launching the matchmaking function. Via CNET Japan
Tokyo-based Lancers operates one of Japan's most popular crowdsourcing platforms. The company recently announced it has also launched a business matchmaking platform in closed beta, with the goal of connecting non-IT and regional business operators with potential clients. The new site is called Lancers Place, developed as a part of an effort to explore new business with Japanese telco KDDI.
By leveraging crowdsourced online workers, Lancers has been helping clients fulfill their IT needs in areas like web design, brochure layouts, and mobile app coding. But the company has been planning to expand beyond IT. KDDI has had a program for small and medium-sized enterprises since 2010, helping members find appropriate business fulfillment services. By connecting their user bases each other, the two companies expect to create more business opportunities that span geographical locations and business sectors.
Lancers aims to get about 100,000 regional businesses listed on the platform by the end of FY2014, and will work on member acquisition prior to launching the matchmaking function.
Via CNET Japan
crowdworks
Infinity Ventures Summit
Infinity Ventures Summit Kyoto 2013
This is part of our coverage of Infinity Ventures Summit Kyoto 2013 See the original article in Japanese We conducted many interviews about consumer-to-consumer (C2C) businesses at the recent Infinity Ventures Summit. Today we have a conversation from that event that we had with Yosuke Akiyoshi, the CEO of Lancers, a leading startup in Japan's crowdsourcing space. The Bridge: Here I've been interviewing many people from the C2C businesses. One of the hot topics among those people lately is Crowdworks' recent fund raising. Akiyoshi: Looking back on the five years since we launched our crowdsourcing business, the space has really changed a lot. We target people with basic knowledge of the internet, and among those people, words such as 'crowdsourcing' and 'Lancers' became better known. It took four years for the total number of users (workers who receive orders) to reach 100,000. The number rapidly grew to 200,000 this October, and 220,000 last month. It could surpass 300,000 early next year. But some users still feel they don't fully understand the system. So, we need to better educate them. In that sense, the 1.1 billion yen (raised by Crowdworks) means a lot in developing the industry. The Bridge: You announced…
This is part of our coverage of Infinity Ventures Summit Kyoto 2013
See the original article in Japanese
We conducted many interviews about consumer-to-consumer (C2C) businesses at the recent Infinity Ventures Summit. Today we have a conversation from that event that we had with Yosuke Akiyoshi, the CEO of Lancers, a leading startup in Japan's crowdsourcing space.
The Bridge: Here I've been interviewing many people from the C2C businesses. One of the hot topics among those people lately is Crowdworks' recent fund raising.
Akiyoshi: Looking back on the five years since we launched our crowdsourcing business, the space has really changed a lot. We target people with basic knowledge of the internet, and among those people, words such as 'crowdsourcing' and 'Lancers' became better known. It took four years for the total number of users (workers who receive orders) to reach 100,000. The number rapidly grew to 200,000 this October, and 220,000 last month. It could surpass 300,000 early next year. But some users still feel they don't fully understand the system. So, we need to better educate them. In that sense, the 1.1 billion yen (raised by Crowdworks) means a lot in developing the industry.
The Bridge: You announced today that Lancers will have partnership with GMO Epsilon Inc.
Akiyoshi: GMO Epsilon offers payment services, and lots of work opportunities will arise due to the implementation of the service. Many of such work orders will be placed on Lancers.
The Bridge: The fast-growing aspects of crowdsourcing tend to get a lot of attention. But many services struggle to build a solid culture for C2C and B2C businesses. What kind of issues do you face?
Akiyoshi: Users are increasing, and I don't see any problem with that. The problem lies on the side of the companies. Currently, there are a core group of companies who are accustomed to the system. But the goal is for any company to use the system. And there are issues that need to be overcome.
The Bridge: I see.
Akiyoshi: First, direction. When a company places an order, it needs to divide the work. But many companies get stuck at this point.
The Bridge: For example, for a web-design work order, work needs to be divided into coding, writing, and programming, with an order made for each. We plan to solve this issue by holding seminars for companies and dividing up the process control of the system. Also, product managers who can understand and handle the process are needed. We aim to implement more training to increase the amount of such product mangers. We need to enlighten companies.
The Bridge: When you enlighten companies, so to speak, which advantages of Lancers do you emphasize?
Akiyoshi: We tell them the overall advantages in speed, cost and resources.
The Bridge: What about users who receive orders? How do you educate them? I heard you often visit local areas.
Akiyoshi: I have already visited about 15 regions. I realized it is important to have face-to-face communication and to solve such issues. … There are few jobs in local regions. Businesses in Tokyo take jobs from the local. There are few useful communities where you can find opportunities, unlike Tokyo.
The Bridge: How long do you think it will take for crowdsourcing to be accepted as a new kind of work style?
Akiyoshi: It depends on how we measure the success, although we have set a metric. Right now, there are about 200 workers who can make a living just from their Lancers work. We'd like to increase that figure to 10,000 by 2017. But it will take much longer to completely change people's way of working.
The Bridge: It will certainly take a while. So what number or metric do you currently care about the most?
Akiyoshi: Focusing on improving the users' experiences, we pay attention to the repeat customer rate. Of course we look at the number of the work orders and the member total at the same time.
The Bridge: Thank you for your time.
I got the impression that more workers understand the concept of crowdsourcing these days. But there are still lots of obstacles that get in the way of companies using crowdsourcing. It's not only about speed and cost, but quality needs to be considered. And it requires more understanding from companies about how to use the system and handle the process control. That knowledge is not open enough, and it becomes an obstacle.
Japan and the culture of crowdsourcing: Crowdworks' CEO Koichiro Yoshida (2/2)
Globis Capital Partners
GMO Venture Partners
Shinichi Takamiya
Yosuke Akiyoshi
See the original story in Japanese. Japanese crowsourcing marketplace Lancers announced today that it has raised 300 million yen ($2.9 million) from Globis Capital Partners (GCP) and GMO Venture Partners (GMO-VP). Coinciding with this funding, GCP partner Shinichi Takamiya has joined Lancers' the board of directors. Readers may recall that we previously wrote about Lancers back in April. Since the service launched in 2008, it has acquired about 140,000 members (crowdsourced workers) and has transactioned about 7 billion yen ($68.3 million). The amount of the transactions reached 3.5 billion yen ($34.2 million) in the previous fiscal year, which is same amount as its total dealings up to that point (i.e. from 2008 and 2011). The company recently moved its headquarters from Shibuya to Kamakura, just outside of Tokyo. Why now? Lancers' CEO Yosuke Akiyoshi explained why they raised funds at this particular point: Our business is growing well, and we're not suffering from cash flow issues. However, we made up our minds to fundraise so we can massively speed up our business at this time. […] Now we need to focus on standardizing the format of crowdsourcing projects. By enhancing its database of crowdsourcing workers, the startup is now exploring…
Japanese crowsourcing marketplace Lancers announced today that it has raised 300 million yen ($2.9 million) from Globis Capital Partners (GCP) and GMO Venture Partners (GMO-VP). Coinciding with this funding, GCP partner Shinichi Takamiya has joined Lancers' the board of directors. Readers may recall that we previously wrote about Lancers back in April.
Since the service launched in 2008, it has acquired about 140,000 members (crowdsourced workers) and has transactioned about 7 billion yen ($68.3 million). The amount of the transactions reached 3.5 billion yen ($34.2 million) in the previous fiscal year, which is same amount as its total dealings up to that point (i.e. from 2008 and 2011).
The company recently moved its headquarters from Shibuya to Kamakura, just outside of Tokyo.
Lancers' CEO Yosuke Akiyoshi explained why they raised funds at this particular point:
Our business is growing well, and we're not suffering from cash flow issues. However, we made up our minds to fundraise so we can massively speed up our business at this time. […] Now we need to focus on standardizing the format of crowdsourcing projects.
By enhancing its database of crowdsourcing workers, the startup is now exploring partnerships with other category-focused crowdsourcing services such as ADFlow (crowdsourcing banner ad design) or MugenUp (crowdsouring illustration or cartoon-drawing work).
Cultivating local workers in local markets
Regarding expanding their business in local markets, he explains:
In order to make our business grow further, I believe it's also important to help freelancers grow. They aren't our employees but we need to invest in cultivating these workforces. If you compare outsourcing tasks to overseas markets with doing so in local markets, there will be no significant gap in terms of cost. But there's a big gap in the volume of the tasks between the two. We'd like to gather more users and partners by promoting the new freelance working style as well as our own platform.
The startup is planning to launch a new system in the future, where they will conduct interviews to find potential leaders among freelancers at many locations across the country. They will be approved as 'qualified freelancers' and lead projects with other workers located at various locations.
People typically see crowdsourcing as a sort of quick and dirty solution. To overcome this stigma, Akiyoshi plans to increase the amount of quality deals on the marketplace.
We actually get more offers from corporate users, [although] we're haven't intensified our sales efforts. Once a company uses our service, we've seen that its subsidiaries or group companies follow suit.
The company also plans to provide further support to workers, with health insurance or welfare services, and from a freelancer's point of view that certainly helps make this sort of work become an attractive option.
Koichiro Yoshida
This article is based on an interview published on our Japanese-language site (see part one and two). It has been partially modified for our global audience. Lancers, CrowdWorks Employment in Japan has traditionally been a cradle-to-grave sort of system, but given modern day economic challenges, many people are facing difficulties. Many workers are faced with finding alternatives when the notion of a full-time job doesn't work out. Recent government statistics show that 94% of 4.5 million Japanese companies only have a single office. Larger companies with more than 10 offices across multiple locations only account for 0.4% of all Japanese business. But in which category of business do most employees fall under? 31% of the entire national workforce belongs to the 0.4% of big companies. Out of the entire Japanese workforce of 62.3 million people, 55 million of those are employed by someone else, and 7 million people are self-employed or working with their family businesses [1]. These figures show that many workers are concentrated among a very small number of big companies here in Japan. Given that this distribution will likely not change soon, how can Japanese workers prepare for what will happen to the national economy in the future? Being a so-called 'crowdsourced' worker…
This article is based on an interview published on our Japanese-language site (see part one and two). It has been partially modified for our global audience.
Lancers, CrowdWorks
Employment in Japan has traditionally been a cradle-to-grave sort of system, but given modern day economic challenges, many people are facing difficulties. Many workers are faced with finding alternatives when the notion of a full-time job doesn't work out.
Recent government statistics show that 94% of 4.5 million Japanese companies only have a single office. Larger companies with more than 10 offices across multiple locations only account for 0.4% of all Japanese business.
But in which category of business do most employees fall under? 31% of the entire national workforce belongs to the 0.4% of big companies. Out of the entire Japanese workforce of 62.3 million people, 55 million of those are employed by someone else, and 7 million people are self-employed or working with their family businesses [1].
These figures show that many workers are concentrated among a very small number of big companies here in Japan. Given that this distribution will likely not change soon, how can Japanese workers prepare for what will happen to the national economy in the future?
Being a so-called 'crowdsourced' worker is an alternative solution when it comes to finding employment. Crowdsourcing (in the context of this discussion) is a concept that matches task requests with individuals who can do the work. The most notable examples of this process are US-based services oDesk and Elance. These days some people can even make a living from such jobs.
Recently we spoke with two key people in Japan's crowdsourcing space: Yosuke Akiyoshi, the co-founder and CEO of Lancers Inc., and Koichiro Yoshida, the co-founder and CEO of CrowdWorks Inc.
Lancers: Helping users crowdsource a career ¶
Yosuke Akiyoshi, Co-founder/CEO of Lancers
Mr. Akiyoshi says that with his Lancers service, some workers can earn as much as 7 or 8 million yen ($70,000 to $80,000).
The traditional concept of crowdsourcing has been that someone in a remote location helps you finish minor tasks at an affordable rate. But recently platforms like Lancers are being used for more, serving as a primary income stream for some. Mr. Akiyoshi shared a few key indicators from his platform:
The platform is home to 120,000 freelancers from all around Japan.
1,000 of those users are earning about 50,000 yen (approximately $500) a month
70% of users reside in suburban areas or countryside.
Some people make more than 3 million yen (about $30,000) using the platform. Needless to say, that's enough to make a living.
There are now about 10,000 tasks listed on the platform, three times the amount of tasks listed last year.
Akiyoshi adds:
We saw the rapid growth since 2011. Our operations have expanded from two people in 2008, to 11 people in 2011, to the 30-person team we have now.
Helping people work regardless of geographical location is the startup's concept. And true to that notion, Lancer itself is based in the quiet Tokyo suburb of Kamakura, where they can concentrate more on the service development.
Recently they are seeing a decent number of task proposals including jobs like copywriting, proposal writing, web design, or sales outsourcing.
With the platform, Akiyoshi hopes to contribute to creating a world where people can find good work and better living.
CrowdWorks: An opportunity to work and live better ¶
CrowdWorks' CEO Koichiro Yoshida
CrowdWorks is another key player in this field, and its website features many voices from people who use the platform. When I asked CrowdWorks' CEO Koichiro Yoshida if crowdsourced work has become a mainstream working style, he answered me by relating the following story from a housewife who lives in Tokushima Prefecture and uses their app.
I'm glad to see a world I've never seen before, getting in touch with the interests of the younger generation. I'm also amazed that the platform provides us with equal accessibility to tasks regardless of where we live. I retired and moved to the countryside but the platform gives me the great opportunity to keep working at home.
For most people, their daily work is more than just earning money. It's also a means of giving your life a sense of purpose. Crowdsourcing can help them find such a purpose in their lives as well.
Every worker has a preferred style for working. And CEO Yoshida says that freelancers can pursue a sort of career optimization in finding the projects that best suit their needs and style.
Take for example, PC operating systems. These days we have many choices ranging from licensed systems (like Windows or Mac) to open source (Linux) systems. Likewise, people employed at governmental offices or big companies can be seen as a 'licensed' way of working. What we're proposing is to develop an open source way of working. Some people use the platform to finding a side job, and others use it to making a living. It's meaningless to try to figure out which is the better route, but what's important is give people more options, more ways to work.
The service was launched in March of 2012, and has acquired more than 5,000 corporate clients who are posting jobs on the platform. So far projects worth more than $12 million have been matched in the year since the launch. Back in last October, Crowdworks raised a total amount of $3.75 million (300 million yen) from Itochu Technology Ventures, Digital Garage, and Suneight Investment, with aiming to expand their business in the South East Asian region.
Working styles changed after the 2011 earthquake
We've asked the both startups about why the Japanese crowdsourcing market has been on an upswing during the last few years. Both Akiyoshi and Yoshida say that it appears to have stemmed from the tragic 2011 earthquake. That disaster also encouraged several Japanese crowdfunding sites to launch as well.
Akiyoshi pointed out that the disaster might have triggered the recent boom in the crowdsourcing market. It has brought us newly-coined phrases like 'nomad working,' and it has prompted many companies to permit their employees to work from home.
These crowdsourcing startups are presenting a fascinating alternative to conventional working styles in Japan, and in the process they are creating an employment ecosystem that's helping many individual workers face the challenges of our current economy.
These figures come from the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications' Statistics Bureau. ↩
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Laidler, Keith James
LAIDLER, Keith James. Canadian (born United Kingdom), b. 1916. Genres: Chemistry. Career: University of Ottawa, Ont., Professor, 1955-81, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, 1981-. Publications: Chemical Kinetics, 1950, 3rd ed., 1987; Chemical Kinetics of Excited States, 1955; Chemical Kinetics of Enzyme Action, 1958, 2nd ed. (with P. S. Bunting), 1973; Reaction Kinetics, 1963; Theories of Chemical Reaction Rates, 1969; The Chemical Elements, 1970; Physical Chemistry with Biological Applications, 1978; (with J.H. Meiser) Physical Chemistry, 1982, 4th ed., 2002; The World of Physical Chemistry, 1993; To Light Such a Candle, 1998; Energy, Chance and Chaos, 2002. Address: 5 Arundel Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1K 0B1. Online address: [email protected]
"Laidler, Keith James ." Writers Directory 2005. . Encyclopedia.com. 14 Jan. 2021 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Laidler, Keith James ." Writers Directory 2005. . Encyclopedia.com. (January 14, 2021). https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/laidler-keith-james
"Laidler, Keith James ." Writers Directory 2005. . Retrieved January 14, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/laidler-keith-james
Physical Chemistry , Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the interpretation of the phenomena of chemistry in terms of the underlying principles o… Baron Von Justus Liebig , Baron Justus von Liebig The German chemist Baron Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) was one of the pioneers in the field of organic chemistry and introduc… Claude-louis Berthollet , FRENCH CHEMIST 1748–1822 Claude-Louis Berthollet was influential in four areas: theoretical chemistry, experimental chemistry, practical chemistry, a… Green Chemistry , Green chemistry is also known as environmentally benign chemistry, or sustainable chemistry. Perhaps the most widely accepted definition of green che… Kenichi Fukui , Kenichi Fukui (1918-1998) was a theoretical chemist whose career was devoted to explaining the nature of chemical reactions. His work was distinguish… Jacobus Hendricus Vant Hoff , Van't Hoff, Jacobus Hendricus COFOUNDER OF MODERN STEREOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1852–1911 Jacobus Hendricus van't Hoff, born in Rotterdam, N…
chem.
chem-
Bernstein, Richard Barry
Everett, Douglas Hugh
Ellis, Gwynn Pennant
Chemistry, Philosophy of
Overend, William George
Ingold, Christopher Kelk
Laidler, Keith 1949–
Laidler, Harry Wellington
Laidlaw, Robert W(ordsworth) (1901-1978)
Laidlaw, James 1963–
Laidlaw, Harriet Burton (1873–1949)
Laidlaw, Anna Robena
Laidlaw International, Inc.
laicize
Laicization (Loss of the Clerical State)
laical
Laibach, Congress of
Lai-Sang Young
Lai, Larissa
Lai, Him Mark 1925- (H.M. Lai, H. Mark Lai)
Lai, David Chuenyan
Lai Yawen (1970–)
LAHS
Lahr, John (Henry)
Lahr, Jane 1943-
Lail, Leah 1970–
Lailat Al-Qadr
Laimbeer, Bill
Laimo, Michael 1966-
Laín Entralgo, Pedro 1908-2001
Lain, Douglas 1970–
Laine, Cleo
Laine, Cleo (1927–)
Laine, Cleo (originally, Campbell, Clementina Dinah)
Lainé, Daniel 1949-
Laine, Doris (1959–)
Laine, Frankie (originally, Lo Vecchio, Francesco Paolo)
Laine, Papa Jack (actually, George Vitelle)
Lainé, Tony (1930-1992)
Laínez, Diego
Laing, David
Laing, Dilys Bennett
Laing, Eleanor (1958–)
Laing, Elizabeth (1959–)
Laing, Kojo
Laino, E. J. Miller 1948-


Is it wrong for two persons of the same gender to fall in love?
I think most of the people against homosexual because it is something against nature. Sometime i feel compassion to them because they are humiliated. Most of the country does not accept homosexual. What should a suffering homosexual do?
I've read it in a religious magazine about having homosexual relationship. Of course the Catholiv church doesnt permit it. And so the followers should not go on that kind of relationship. But I am pointing out here is what the article in the magazine says so. According to it, there is nothing wrong in liking someone. Whether it is of oppisite or of same sexes. It is our nature to be attracted. But what is wrong is the kind of act we do with our feelings. Meaning, if we like someone and it develop into loving that person- then it is where the "wrong' sets in. Depending on the situation, on the morals, and the kind of relationship that will flourish.
Hello there. I am neutral towards homosexuality. I personally feel there're 2 kinds of homosexuality - nurture and nature. Some are born that way while some made themselves that way. I really feel for those who are born that way. For those who made themselves that way, since they made the decision, they should be prepared to face the consequences. It's understandable why there's a stigma against homosexuality. It's no matter what against God's way.
Love in general is not bound by gender. But when it becomes specific for having physical relations then one has to see the biological aspects of human body. Physical relations can be between man and woman only. Their bodies are designed for this. Man and man or woman and woman do not fit in this relationship. This is my personal opinion. I don't have any ill-feelings about gays or lesbians.


text:
Q: Update pagination value by onclick with a drop down box and PHP Hi I have a drop down box, which I use to control the value of pagination for my MYSQL results, this works fine, but i want to do is remove the button and have the value update through onclick.  I am a newbie to javascript and not sure if this is possible? so any suggestions that i can explore would be appreciated.
This is my working php and select box.
HTML
 <form name="form1" method="GET" action="pagination_test.php">
   <label for="pagination"></label>
    <select name="pagination" id="pagination">
     <option value="10">10 Items Per Page</option>
     <option value="20">20 Items Per Page</option>
     <option value="30">30 Items Per Page</option>
     <option value="40">40 Items Per Page</option>
     <option value="50">50 Items Per Page</option>
     <option value="75">75 Items Per Page</option>
    </select>
  <input type="submit" name="button" id="button" value="Submit">
 </form

And the PHP
 $pagination = $_GET['pagination'];
   if(isset($_GET['pagination'])) {
     $limit = "$pagination";
       } else {
     $limit = 30;
       }

    echo "$limit";

A: With jQuery:
Include jQuery in the <head> of your page.  Something like:
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>

Add this somewhere below the jQuery library:
<script>
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $('#pagination').change(function() {
            $('form').submit();
        });
    });
</script>

You shouldn't need to change the <form>.

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text:
https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-shuns-use-of-law-allowing-control-over-manufacturers-11584927164
Trump Shuns Use of Law Allowing Control Over Manufacturers
White House says U.S. companies are stepping up voluntarily, obviating need for Defense Production Act
President Trump said sufficient numbers of companies were volunteering to manufacture masks and other protective gear.
Photo: eric baradat/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images
Andrew Restuccia
@andrewrestuccia
Rebecca Ballhaus
@rebeccaballhaus
rebecca.ballhaus@wsj.com
WASHINGTON—President Trump continued to resist calls to use a federal wartime law to mandate the production of additional medical supplies because he said he is concerned about nationalizing American businesses, as governors and health officials face shortages of masks, ventilators and other crucial equipment.
"We're a country not based on nationalizing our business," Mr. Trump said at a press briefing on Sunday. "The concept of nationalizing our businesses is not a good concept."
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He said sufficient numbers of companies were volunteering to manufacture masks and other protective gear, so invoking the Defense Production Act wasn't yet necessary, though he said "we may have to use it someplace along the chain."
"If you go the nationalization route, we're going to tell the company to make a ventilator—they don't even know what a ventilator is," Mr. Trump said.
The Korean War-era law gives the president powers to require and provide incentives to businesses to produce goods tied to national defense, as well as control the distribution of those products. It doesn't authorize the government to take ownership of companies or industries.
What happens if New York hospitals run out of ventilators? State officials are considering different options to help in that grim scenario. WSJ's Jason Bellini spoke to experts familiar with the discussions. Photo: Ronald Bon/DPA/Zuma Press
In many cases, the federal law would allow the government to direct companies to prioritize the production of equipment such as masks. It is less clear that the government would be able to direct companies to make a product it doesn't already produce or have the capability to produce.
Mr. Trump earlier this month issued an executive order invoking the law. Administration officials said they see the threat of using the law as leverage in negotiating with companies to produce more needed products. General Motors Co. and other companies have announced plans to manufacture more ventilators, among other products.
White House trade adviser Peter Navarro said the administration is using the president's authorities under the federal Defense Production Act to help companies repurpose manufacturing facilities to produce more medical supplies. But he said that they are stepping up voluntarily.
"We're getting what we need without putting the heavy hand of government down," Mr. Navarro said. But that could change. "There will be possible cases down the road," he said.
Governors and health officials have urged Mr. Trump to mandate more production of medical supplies, arguing they are facing widespread shortages.
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo called on President Trump to order manufacturers via the Defense Production Act to churn out gowns, masks, gloves and ventilators.
"I'm calling on the Federal Government to nationalize the medical supply chain," Mr. Cuomo tweeted Sunday. "Currently, states are competing against other states for supplies."
On Dec. 1, 2019, a patient in Wuhan, China, started showing symptoms of what doctors determined was a new coronavirus. Since then, the virus has spread to infect more than 100,000 people. Here's how the virus grew to a global pandemic. Photo: Getty Images
Mr. Trump said Sunday the federal government has distributed hundreds of thousands of respirators, masks, surgical gowns and other medical equipment to New York, California and Washington—three states hit hard by the outbreak.
The president said the federal government also is coordinating with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Federal Emergency Management Agency to build medical stations and care sites with thousands of beds in those states. He added that the federal government will cover the cost of National Guard troops in states.
"We're at war—in a true sense, we're at war," Mr. Trump said.
The president also said he was considering an executive order that would release elderly nonviolent offenders from federal prisons. "We are actually looking at that, yes," he said.
In addition, Mr. Trump on Sunday approved a disaster assistance request from California. He also announced that the USNS Mercy, a hospital ship, will be deployed off the coast of Los Angeles. FEMA Administrator Peter Gaynor said it would be in place within a week.
Mr. Trump said the U.S. is working to return Americans who are stranded in Honduras and Peru due to coronavirus-related travel restrictions.
—Paul Kiernan contributed to this article.
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Write to Andrew Restuccia at Andrew.Restuccia@wsj.com and Rebecca Ballhaus at Rebecca.Ballhaus@wsj.com
Appeared in the March 23, 2020, print edition as '.'


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An Olympics-Free Utopia of the Future
THE ECOTOPIA 2121 PROJECT PREDICTS THE FUTURES OF 100 SUPER ECO-FRIENDLY CITIES ACROSS THE GLOBE FOR 100 YEARS INTO THE FUTURE. THIS WEEK, WE FOCUS ON THE CITY OF DENVER. Denver in the early 19th century was just a rocky bluff in the American West that divided the South Platt River from Cherry Creek. At this time the land was part of the buffalo grounds of the nomadic Arapaho. It was not until 1858 that Denver was founded as a permanent frontier town. Its name was chosen by t
Taipei 2121; the Austronesian Capital of the World
The Ecotopia 2121 project sets out to design the futures of 100 cities worldwide. This month, we investigate the future of Taipei, the capital of Taiwan. The vast majority of Taiwan's twenty-five million people are of Chinese descent, having arrived in successive waves of colonization from the seventeenth century on. Although Taiwan has been effectively independent since 1945, the Communist Party of China wants it to be brought within Chinese domain. The only thing halting a
Springfield 2121 - A Super Green City of the Future
The Ecotopia 2121 Project seeks to identify 100 super-ecofriendly cities set 100 years in the future. Today, we focus on Springfield, USA. In the early 22nd century, the Springfield city administration is running out of money. The highways, for instance, are in a state of disrepair and haven't been resurfaced for years. When the residents congregate for public events, they often speak their mind with regard to the highways: Let them degrade. We don't need them. We're not in a
A New Walled City in a Newly-made Desert
The Ecotopia 2121 project explores the prosperous super-green futures of 100 cities worldwide. This month, we display a vision of future Ordos City, China. The Ordos are a Mongol people who lived for many centuries on the Ordos plain in what is now northern China. At present, they number about a hundred thousand people spread over three Chinese provinces. For centuries, the Ordos plain was a prairieland, with rivers and streams in abundance, making it a vital pasture zone for
Song for the Luddites
THE ECOTOPIA 2121 PROJECT PREDICTS THE FUTURE OF 100 ECOFRIENDLY CITIES ACROSS THE GLOBE. THIS WEEK, WE FOCUS ON THE CITY OF PLYMOUTH. It is a cool, still night in early November; the year 2111AD. Our location is the port city of Plymouth, England. Arms, limbs, and heads are being blasted across the harbor by homemade explosives. The citizens in the city nearby are yelling joyfully. The body parts belong to robots. And the people are hooting as the machines' remains get tosse


The national higher education league table, published by the Times Higher Education (THE), is determined largely based on student experience and is frequently consulted by prospective students when deciding which university they will apply to. League positions can have a considerable influence on a student's selection and universities work hard towards improving their ranking each year.
The quality of campus facilities is one important factor that students will consider and getting this right can help universities raise their league position and attract more students. Achieving excellent campus facilities however, can be challenging due to conflicting stakeholder space requirements and with the cost of space at a premium, there is a necessity for universities to be creative in their attempt to increase utilisation of their existing building stock.
The rationalisation of campus space is one such way universities can help achieve improvements in their estates, through repurposing office space traditionally designated for professional services and academic support staff into modern innovative environments where space is allocated on need and not status. With universities increasingly under pressure to act as commercial entities, this rationalisation of space will also enable them to have cost efficient facilities with sensible overheads, allowing them to compete in the current market place.
A modern innovative office should include a selection of work spaces where staff members select their working environment depending on the task in hand. This creates a more efficient staff force who are better equipped while reducing the overall space requirement as no person has a fixed desk.
Typically these modern spaces would include quiet areas, private meeting rooms, boardrooms, breakout areas, touchdown spaces, media tables and quiet pods, many of which can be created using innovative furniture and IT solutions.
Senior university staff have typically worked out of their own offices, often scattered across campus dependent on which faculty or department they belong to. Students usually need to visit several different buildings to speak with their module leaders, creating issues with contact time. Rationalising space through reducing individual offices will free up space not only to create modern working environments, but when applied in large scale, will create additional space to be repurposed for teaching and learning facilities that would otherwise have to be newly built at great expense. This will also increase contact time between staff and students contributing to the overall student experience.
Creating 'help desks' with fewer boundaries and more free space would enable students to easily access the assistance they need from teaching and support staff without having to move between buildings for different queries. This will help develop an inclusive atmosphere of student support and remove barriers that students can face when trying to access the support they need in their studies.
All of this may require a culture change between senior staff, where the long standing tradition has associated having their own office with status and staff see this as a reward for leading in their chosen field. Careful strategic planning can overcome this and there are approaches available to help address these concerns to gain the buy in of end users from the start of the process. A modern 'new way of working' environment often means a paperless office. This culture change would also address workplace systems and processes, challenging and redefining these to allow migration to electronic workflow processes. A reduction in paper means a reduction in storage which equals further space savings.
With universities typically using more paper than other offices, this change may impact staff across the board, but if adopted effectively, removes the need to have excess storage facilities and could result in significant savings. Any necessary paperwork can be stored in lockers in designated spaces instead of at each desk.
Support staff have long worked out of open plan offices but there is more that could be done to ensure the most efficient use of space, such as removing fixed desks and moving to a 'hot-desking' environment. This change would also help estate departments manage their space providing flexibility to move staff to certain areas to alleviate any potential teaching space clashes. Annual leave, sickness absence and part time or flexible working means that fixed desks with PCs are an inefficient way to allocate space in an office environment. Touch down space and hot desks allow for the use of laptops and tablets which can often be much more suited to the task in hand.
All of these ideas can help universities maximise their existing space for teaching and learning, without having to spend vast sums of money investing in new buildings. It will improve the student experience and provide organisations who do not have the capital to invest in new buildings a better chance of entering into the 'business end' of the league tables.
This article was originally published in Building4Education.


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The emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) is one of hundreds of small, silvery, slender fish species known as shiners.  The identifying characteristic of the emerald shiner is the silvery emerald color on its sides.  It can grow to 3.5 inches in length and is found across North America from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, commonly in large, deep lakes and rivers, though sometimes in smaller bodies of water as well.  It feeds on small organisms such as zooplankton and insects, congregating in large groups near the surface of the water.  It is a quite common fish and is often used as a bait fish.

Distribution
Emerald shiners are native to North America; they are widely distributed throughout Canada, and south to Virginia and Texas. They range to the gulf coast from Texas to Alabama, and are especially prevalent in the Mississippi Basin. Emerald shiners are most likely the most abundant fish in the Mississippi.

Physical description

Length

Maximum size is 89–127 mm. Females are larger than males.

Coloration
Live emerald shiners are a bright, iridescent, silvery green with a silver mid-lateral band. The back and upper sides are emerald greenish to straw colored, and the ventral side of the fish is a silvery white color. The dorsal scales have pigmented margins and clear centers. The area between the nostril and the eye lacks pigment, and the lips are pigmented medially and continues to halfway down the midline of the lower jaw. The dorsal, caudal, and leading rays of the pectoral fins are lined with pigment, but the remaining fin rays and membranes are clear. The underside of the opercle are gray. There are no nuptial colors exhibited by either sex.

Body morphology
Shiners have a slender, laterally flattened, and compressed body type. The dorsal fin is transparent, with 8 rays located right behind the insertion of the pelvic fins. They have 9–12 anal fin rays, 35–43 lateral line scales, 19–20 pre-dorsal scale rows, 14–16 pectoral fin rays, and 8–9 pelvic fin rays. The mouth is large and in the terminal and oblique position, and does not have a barbel. The pharyngeal teeth are hooked, and are in a 2, 4–4, 2 or 1, 4–4, 1 pattern. Shiners have a short and blunt snout, and the upper lip is separated from the skin of the snout by a deep groove that is continuous across the midline. The cartilaginous ridge of the lower jaw is not very evident.

Habitat
Living in freshwater, emerald shiners are benthopelagic. They live in large open rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. In medium-sized habitats the temperature preference for the shiner is 25 °C (77 °F), and they are tolerant of low oxygen levels. It is a midwater or near-surface species that usually lives in large or moderately sized schools. Some shiners are tolerant of turbidity in streams, but others avoid turbid streams. They are most commonly seen in clear water over sand or gravel.

Diet habits
Shiners are planktivores, feeding on a variety of zooplankton, protozoans and diatoms. They move with a planktonic food source up toward the surface at dusk, and move back down at dawn. Both aquatic and terrestrial insects obtained at the surface of the water are a small portion of their diet. Algae and plants are also eaten, during spring especially.

Importance to humans
Emerald shiners are used for fishing bait, especially for winter fishing because of the shiner's hardiness in cold weather. They are also an important resource for other animals to forage. The glistening sides of the shiner, along with its graceful movements make it a good aquarium fish.

Conservation status
Currently, this species is of relatively low conservation concern and does not require significant additional protection or major management, monitoring, or research action. The IUCN Red List status of the emerald shiner is of least concern. Other than being caught for use in fish bait, emerald shiners are preyed upon by birds (gulls, terns, mergansers, cormorants) and fishes.

Life span
The maximum reported age of emerald shiners is four to five years. Females live longer than males, and all older fish that have been found were female.

Reproduction
Emerald shiners are oviparous. Females have been known to spawn anywhere from late spring (mid-May) to late summer (mid-August). Spawning is temperature dependent, and begins around 22.2 °C (72.0 °F). This is known as the threshold temperature. In Canada, females have been found to spawn in temperatures ranging from 20.1–23.2 °C (68.2–73.8 °F). Emerald shiners tend to spawn near the surface in open water near boulders and gravel shoals. Eggs usually hatch between 24–32 hours. They are pelagic spawners with numerous buoyant eggs that have none or poorly-developed respiratory organs, and little pigment.

Spawning occurs at night, about 1 to 2 feet below the surface, milling and darting in a circular path. Smaller males tend to pursue larger females, and the pairs swim together in a circle. The male presses closely on one side of the female, interlocking pectoral fins and gyrating. The female then rolls over and eggs are released for the male to fertilize. Males are mature at 55–60 mm, and females at 65 mm.

Etymology of name
Notropis, comes from the Greek noton, meaning "back keel". The species name atherinoides comes from the Greek atherina, meaning silverside; and from the Greek suffix oides, meaning resemblance.

Trivia
Emerald shiners resemble members of the silverside family, hence the species name atherinoides, silverside-like. This is in reference to the Old World silverside family.

Other common names include: Buckery shiner, common emerald shiner, lake shiner, lake silver side, plains shiner, river emerald shiner, shiner.

Plains shiner (Notropis percobromus) was recently incorporated into the emerald shiner species designation.

References

External links
 A fact sheet by Earl J. S. Rook – part of a collection of fact sheets put together on organisms found in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area.
 Ohio Department of Natural Resources life history notes

Notropis
Fish of Canada
Freshwater fish of the United States
Fish of the Great Lakes
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
Fish described in 1818

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Doctor Who episode 54: The Slave Traders (16/1/1965)
Dennis Spooner makes a smart decision to begin this story about a month after the previous episode's cliffhanger. It means when we re-join them, Vicki has had weeks to get to know the Doctor, Ian and Barbara.
As both writer and incoming script editor for this episode, Spooner uses the opportunity to ring the changes from the old regime. This is most clear in the treatment of Ian and Barbara – originally the viewpoint characters introducing us to the world of the 'unearthly child' and her mysterious old grandfather, they're now relegated to the position of the old fogeys. Vicki accuses Barbara of being 'as bad as Ian' and opines that their Roman sojourn is 'boring'. She's desperate for the adventures she was promised. This very firmly aligns her with the Doctor, who's shaken off the indolence of life in a country villa and is determined to head for the bright lights of Rome itself. And while he seems keen to have a few days away from the cosy domesticity of Ian and Barbara, it takes practically no effort for Vicki to convince him to take her along for her 'first exploration'.
It's hard to shake the feeling that this is part of a broader realignment of the series, more attuned to Spooner's taste in comedy and 'telefantasy'. The Slave Traders is practically a sitcom for half its run time, with a couple of very funny sequences of the Doctor pottering around the villa winding Ian up, and waxing lyrical about Barbara's cooking – until he learns what's in it. Even dramatic moments have a strong element of farce – as when Barbara bashes Ian over the head with an urn, or when the slave traders have to barter with an avaricious shopkeeper to get information. Like Spooner's work on The Avengers and later ITC shows, what in other hands might have been quite a serious and slow script is leavened with a lot of humour and physical comedy, and terrible puns ('She keeps her eye on all the lyres'), so that one of the less eventful episodes to date is also one of the most amusing.
That said, towards the end of the episode, even while the Doctor and Vicki are amusing each other with his lyre playing, grim historical reality creeps in as Barbara reflects on the horrors of Roman slavery and the improbability that there will be a way out for her and Ian now they've been kidnapped to be sold. Beneath all Spooner's comedy is a very dark, rather hard edge that prevents this from being just frothy silliness, and introduces a necessary sense of peril.
Next episode: All Roads Lead to Rome
9 February 2017 - 15:49 Pingback: Doctor Who episode 53: Desperate Measures (9/1/1965) | Lie Down To Reason
Doctor Who episode 53: Desperate Measures (9/1/1965)


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