It's not that office cleanliness goes overlooked, but it's more a case of certain quite important duties being somewhat put on the back-burner. While most large businesses these days have their own cleaning contractors to come in and get the job done on their behalf, others opt for the DIY alternative. Which can certainly work, but rarely tends to be quite as comprehensive as allowing the professionals to do what they do best.
Given the fact that your hands are not clean for literally every minute of every working day, it stands to reason that you are constantly wiping germs and bacteria all over your keyboard and mouse. Which is why it never fails to surprise how routinely office desks and surfaces are wiped down, with perhaps the more germ-ridden areas being completely overlooked. This is of course an even bigger problem where computers are shared and as for the kind of nastiness that finds its way onto shared office phones…well, let's just say you might want to break out the antibacterial wipes right now!
Ask yourself honestly – when did you last wipe down the stationary you use, day after day? From pens to pencils to rulers to staplers and so on, have you ever in fact given them a proper clean? If the answer is no, you might well be looking at some of the filthiest things germ and bacteria- wise in the whole of the office. And if you're the type to habitually nibble away at the ends of pens of pencil…you can probably figure out the rest!
If you bring your own personal smartphone or Tablet PC to the office for any given reason, the same question applies – when did you last give it a good clean? Without getting too graphic, it's almost unheard of these days for people not to take their phones with them when they go to the bathroom – at home and at work alike. But in such instances, is the phone given the same thorough wash as the person's hands? Of course not, it's instead allowed to keep hold of its huge contingency of bacteria and germs. So next time a colleague hands you their mobile device for any given reason, you might want to think carefully about where it has been.
Last but not least, research has shown that some of the filthiest features in any modern office are its lights witches and door/cupboard/drawer handles. These are the kinds of things folks don't think twice about touching with entirely unclean and unsanitary hands – the build-up over time can be stomach-turning to say the least.
Get in touch with our dedicated customer care team today for more information on office cleanliness and hygiene, or to arrange a consultation.


text:
Week Five Programmatic Assessment Scenario Abby is a 20-year-old female college student.
Week Five Programmatic AssessmentScenarioAbby is a 20-year-old female college student. For at least the last 3 months, Abby has experienced ongoing anxiety and worry without a specific cause for these feelings. She has been restless and has noticed that her muscles feel tense and that these symptoms are beginning to affect her behavior in a way that is causing her to become distressed and that is preventing her from being able to complete her normal tasks. Abby correctly believed that it was normal to feel a little anxious sometimes; however, as the semester has progressed, she has not begun to feel significantly more comfortable. On the recommendation of a friend, Abby visited the university's counseling center and talked to Dr. Smith. Dr. Smith was warm and welcoming and, after discussing the limits of confidentiality with Abby and obtaining informed consent, encouraged Abby to describe her concerns. Dr. Smith listened attentively and asked Abby a few questions. They both agreed on an appointment date and time for the next week. Dr. Smith gave Abby a homework assignment to keep a written log of the negative thoughts or assumptions she has during the week and the circumstances under which those thoughts occurred. Abby was asked to bring the log with her to her next appointment.Short-Answer QuestionsAnswer the following questions based on the scenario above. Answers should be short and concise.1.
Q: Exercise 6.8 Relationships within Periodic Inventory Systems L.
Q: Assume you are interested in going into business and wish to secure a franchise. Research a franchise that interests you (one place to start is
Q: Think about a small business you might enjoy opening. Typical examples might be a restaurant, specialty clothing store, or professional service.
Q: Calculate the percent yield of the reaction of 205 grams aluminum hydroxide with 751 grams hydrogen sulfate (sulfuric acid), given that 252 grams...
Q: What is the trivial lower bound for the following problems?
Q: In order for MacArthur and Associates to continue to grow, they must consider the technology necessary within their workplace.
Q: check out this Article http://www.nytimes.com/allbusiness/AB11702023_primary.
CASE DISCUSSION REQUIREMENT: Glazed Donut Shop... 1 hour ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Keyword: #DistrictplanFAQ
Try these FAQ's. If these don't cut it, feel free to contact us!
What does the District Plan do and why is it important?
A District Plan directs how we use, develop and subdivide our land over the next ten years. Required by law, it describes policies, rules and performance standards to ensure we balance economic and residential growth with protecting Central Hawke's Bay's natural environment for future generations.
How has the Maori World View been incorporated into this District Plan Review?
We've worked closely with local tangata whenua to develop two new chapters addressing cultural values and sites of cultural significance.
Everyone who lives in Central Hawke's Bay now, and in the future. We want to enable growth, while protecting what makes Central Hawke's Bay special for future generations. Project Thrive told us that smart growth and looking after the environment is important to our community. Our draft District Plan reflects this.
Council has a legal responsibility under the Resource Management Act 1991, for a District Plan to be in place. Our current District Plan is nearly 20 years old. As good practice, a District Plan should be reviewed every 10 years.
There is a significant natural area on my property. What does this mean?
Your property may be shown on our planning maps as including an area as being a significant natural area. This means you have a special area on your land of high biodiversity value. Existing and some new special provisions introduced in the draft District Plan, will ensure these areas are protected for future generations and include controls on vegetation clearance. Technical reports on the Council website provide a background to these issues and why Council is addressing these special areas in the draft District Plan.
Have we considered outstanding natural landscapes and features in our District Plan before?
No. As a district, this is the first time that we've ever had any assessment of our outstanding natural landscapes and features. To identify these outstanding natural landscapes and features, a landscape architect has carried out a district-wide landscape assessment, as well as an assessment of the natural character of the coastal environment. We have identified one outstanding natural landscape, and 11 outstanding natural features.
How was the draft District Plan created?
Council created a Sub-Committee, comprised of four Councillors – Mayor Alex Walker, Deputy Mayor Ian Sharp, Councillors David Tennent and Tim Aitken, and two members of Tamatea O Taiwhenua, Dr. Roger Maaka and Brian Gregory. Together they have considered and discussed the individual sections of the draft District Plan, taking advice from a range of experts, before recommending changes that form the draft District Plan
Fill out the form.


Bangle bracelet by Jamie Wolf. 18-karat rose gold. Round diamonds. 2.40 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 0.3"W; 2.3"D. Hinged side eases dress. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf multicolor sapphire necklace. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Round, bezel-set faceted sapphires. Lobster clasp. Approx. 16"L. Made in USA.
Band ring by Jamie Wolf. Granulated 18-karat yellow gold. Prong-set white diamonds. 0.22 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 2mm. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf pav edge round stud earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Round stud with pav diamond halo. 0.26 total diamond carat weight. Post backs for pierced ears. 3/8" diameter. Made in USA.
"Aladdin" ring by Jamie Wolf. 18-karat yellow gold. Prong-set faceted London blue topaz center. Pav diamond setting. 0.24 total diamond carat weight. Approx. width, 0.8" (20mm). Made in USA.
Marquis leaf drop earrings by Jamie Wolf. 18-karat white gold. Bezel-set round white diamonds. 1.25 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 2.3"L x 1.8"W. For pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf diamond leaf stud earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Leaf-shaped stud with white diamonds. 0.21 total diamond carat weight. Post backs for pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf thin pav diamond band ring. Polished 18-karat white gold hardware. 0.22 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 2mm wide. Made in USA.
"Aladdin" pendant necklace by Jamie Wolf. 18-karat yellow gold. Pav diamond pendant. 0.94 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 16"L; pendant, 0.6"D. Lobster clasp. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf petite pav hoop earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hoops. 0.21 total diamond carat weight. Post backs for pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf diamond lilac pendant necklace. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Integrated diamond lilac pendant. 0.07 total diamond carat weight. Lobster clasp. Approx. 16"L. Made in USA.
Button earrings by Jamie Wolf. 18-karat white gold. Pav black and white diamonds. 0.54 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 0.4"D. For pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf open Aladdin disc pendant necklace. Polished 18-karat white gold hardware. Open diamond pav disc pendant. 0.25 total diamond carat weight. Lobster clasp. Approx. 16"L. Made in USA.
Band ring by Jamie Wolf. Granulated 18-karat yellow gold. Prong-set cognac diamonds. 0.23 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 2mm. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf lilac flower stud earrings. Polished 18-karat rose gold hardware. Floral-shaped stud with diamond petals. 0.15 total diamond carat weight. Post backs for pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf marquise oval Aladdin earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Green amethyst drops with open center. Diamond details; 0.36 total carat weight. French wire for pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf princess-cut drop necklace. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Mixed aquamarine and diamond drops. 0.23 total diamond carat weight. Lobster clasp. Approx. 16"L. Made in USA.
Scallop petal earrings by Jamie Wolf. Granulated 18-karat white gold. Round white diamonds. 0.94 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 0.8"L. For pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf small rectangular diamond stud earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. 0.17 total diamond carat weight. Post backs for pierced ears. Approx. 0.3"L drop. Made in USA.
Acorn drop earrings by Jamie Wolf. 18-karat yellow gold. Pav white diamonds. 0.81 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 0.8"L. For pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf twisted marquise drop earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Open marquise drops with twisted frame. French wire for pierced ears. Approx. 2.3"L drop. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf shell amazonite drop earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Shell drop with amazonite dangle. French wire for pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf Aladdin chain-link necklace. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Lobster clasp. Approx. 16"L. Made in USA.
Mosaic hexagon drop earrings by Jamie Wolf. 18-karat yellow gold. Prong-set blue chalcedony center. Pav white diamond details. 0.08 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 1.5"L x 0.8"W. For pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf pav diamond round stud earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Round stud with pav white diamonds. 0.51 total diamond carat weight. Post backs for pierced ears. Approx. 0.4" diameter. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf large pav Aladdin disc ring. Polished 18-karat yellow gold band. Round diamond pav disc face. 1.12 total diamond carat weight. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf marquise diamond cross necklace. Polished 18-karat white gold hardware. White diamond pav cross pendant. 0.87 total diamond carat weight. Lobster clasp. Approx. 18"L. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf scallop pav oval earrings. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Diamond pav round post and oval drop. 5.24 total diamond carat weight. Post backs for pierced ears. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf scallop pav pendant necklace. Polished 18-karat rose gold hardware. Scalloped round diamond pav drop. 0.61 total diamond carat weight. Lobster clasp. Approx. 16"L. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf diamond ivy vine pendant necklace. Polished 18-karat yellow gold hardware. Round pendant with diamond ivy leaves. 0.26 total diamond carat weight. Approx. 16"L; 1"L drop. Lobster clasp. Made in USA.
Jamie Wolf Aladdin chain-link bracelet with pav link. Polished 18-karat yellow gold links and hardware. Single diamond pav link; 0.40 total carat weight. Lobster clasp. Approx. 6.8"L. Made in USA.
Drop earrings by Jamie Wolf. 18-karat yellow gold. Cushion-cut green amethyst center. Pav white diamond accents. 0.24 total diamond carat weight. For pierced ears. Approx. 1.3"L. Made in USA.
18-karat yellow gold. Round-cut white topaz drops with scalloped settings. French wire backs. Handcrafted in New York City.


text:
Adrienne Barbeau Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Byzaara Martin November 28, 2022 January 5, 2023
Adrienne is one of the most recognizable American actresses and book authors. She started her career in the year 1963 with Civic light opera. Just after graduating from high school, Adrienne started travelling with a musical revue "Entertaining our servicemen " on army bases throughout Southeast Asia. In 1965, she shifted to New York and made her Broadway debut in "Fiddler on the roof". She has received Tony nomination and Theatre world award for her creation of Rizzon.
Since then, she has not stopped and she is now a best-selling author, a recording artist, and star of many feature films and TV shows.
Early days of Adrienne Barbeau
Adrienne was born on June 11, 1945 in the city Sacramento of California. She is the daughter of Armene and Joseph Barbeau. She belongs to different descendants. Her mother's descendent is Armenian and her father's descendant is French, Canadian, Irish, and German. She attended the famous Del Mar High School in San Jose. In her autobiography, she said that she was attracted to the show business bug when she started entertaining troops at an army base in Southeast Asia.
Academic details of Adrienne Barbeau
Adrienne Barbeau attended the famous Del Mar High School in San Jose. While she was in school and college, she was highly active in theatre. She was so famous while doing theatre that she became a member of the San Jose Light Opera.
Personal details of Adrienne Barbeau
Real Name: Adrienne Jo Barbeau
Celebrity Name: Adrienne Barbeau
Place of Birth: Sacramento, California, USA
Current City: Los Angeles, USA
Horoscope: Gemini
Profession: Actress, singer, and author
Ethnicity: Armenian and French
Religion: Non-religious
Eye Colour: Blue
Family details of Adrienne Barbeau
Mother's Name: Armene
Father's Name: Joseph Barbeau
Number of Siblings: 2
Spouse Name: John Carpenter (1979-1984), Billy Van Zandt (1992-2018)
adrienne bailon measurements
adrianne curry measurements
adrien boner measurements
adria rae measurements
adrian mannarino measurements
Body measurements of Adrienne Barbeau
Body Physique: Slim
Height in Feet: 5 feet 3 inches
Height in Metres: 1.59 m
Body Measurements: 36-25-36
Waist Size: 25 inches / 63.5 cm
Hip Size: 36 inches/91.44 cm
Shoe Size (US): 8
Dress Size (US): 4
Relationship Details of Adrienne Barbeau
Adrienne's relationship began much after she arrived in the movie industry. In 1978, she got in touch with a director named John Carpenter on the set of a movie named "Someone's watching name." After a few months of marrying John, she married him in 1979 and lived in the Hollywood Hills in Los Angeles. While she was married to John, she remained totally outside the Hollywood social circle. The couple was married for almost 5 years. After giving birth to their child John "Cody", the couple soon got divorced.
After a few years of staying single, Barbeau met an actor cum playwright named Billy Van Zandt. Her meeting with Billy happened during the premier of a play named Drop Dead. The couple dated for a while and within a year got married in the year 1992. In the year 1997, Barbeau gave birth to two twin boys named Walker Steven and Willian Dalton. Couple raised boys together for almost two decades and filed for divorce in the year 2018. The reasons of divorce are still unknown.
Net worth of Adrienne Barbeau
Most people try to guess the net worth of their favourite celebrities, the same goes for Adrienne Barbeau. In addition to being an actress, Barbeau has worked in many TV shows and has also authored books. The net worth of Adrienne Barbeau is $6 million as per our recent research. Everything she owns today and the net worth she has acquired for herself is through lots of hard work and commitment towards her work. She has spent more than 4 decades in the industry and is much appreciated for her continued work at the age of 77.
Early Career Days of Adrienne Barbeau
Barbeau moved to New York city in the 60s and her career began soon after that. In the initial days of her career, she worked "For the mob" as a go-go dancer. But her Broadway debut was through the chorus of Fiddler on the roof. Later on, she got the role of Hodel. In the year 1971, she left the show Fiddler on the Roof and started the leading role as Cookie Kovac in the off-Broadway musical Stag movie. Till date, she is known for the comedy series named Maude, which ran for 6 straight years from 1972 to 1978. The cheesecake poster popularity helped her gain the status of a sex symbol. Famous critic Joe Bob Briggs referred to her as "Two enormous talents on that woman."
In 90s, Barbeau appeared in a number of TV films like Scott's Turow, Burden of proof, The Drew Carey show, and Catwoman. She also worked as a TV show host on the KABC Talk radio show. Her popularity gained traction in 1999 when she guest starred in the show Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode. In 1998, she released her debut album as a folk singer. The album was named Adrienne Barbeau.
TV shows by Adrienne Barbeau
Barbeau has worked in multiple TV shows over the years. She is not just a movie actress and an author. Her work in TV shows like The Love boat, fantasy island, the battle of the network stars, and the Valentine magic on love island is still loved among her fans. While a section of her audience knows her as the movie star, there is another section who know of Adrienne Barbeau as a TV star.
Recent work by Adrienne Barbeau
Adrienne Barbeau has been working continuously for more than 4 decades and she is still working. Recently, she has completed work on the film early retirement, which is an animated version of a Warner Bros movie. She is soon going to release a new video game and her fifth book Grease tells me more is in the pipeline. As per an interview, the proceeds from the book will go to the Actor's fund.
Allie Grant Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Amanda Carbajales Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Evan Rachel Wood Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Byzaara Martin February 11, 2022 February 8, 2023
Evan Rachel Wood was born on September 7, 1987, an American actress, Model, and Musician. She began her theater acting in 1990's doing television roles like American Gothic, Once and again, Digging to China, Thirteen, Pretty Persuasion, Down in the valley, Running with Scissors, Across the Universe, Her mainstream films like The Wrestler, Whatever work,…
Read More Evan Rachel Wood Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Caleel Harris Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Check out body measurements of other celebrities caity lotz measurements caleb mclaughlin measurements caitlyn jenner measurements camille mcdonald measurements camille guaty measurements
Read More Caleel Harris Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Blanca Soto Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Byzaara Martin July 27, 2021 February 8, 2023
Blanca Soto is a Mexican model, beauty pageant, and actress who became the BellezaMundo Mexico in 1998. She was born on 29th May 1979 and completed her representation of Nuevo Leon. In the same year, she also became Miss Mexico and represented her country in Chile's VinaDel Mar international beauty contest. Her first role as…
Read More Blanca Soto Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Dee Wallace Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Dee Wallace was born on 14th December 1948, and she is a prominent actress from America. She has done several blockbuster roles, such as in ET, as Mary Taylor in 1982. Dee has also been well-known for performing in several horror movies such as The Howling; The Hills have Eyes, Critters, and Cujo. She finally…
Read More Dee Wallace Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Cassidy Horn Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Cassidy Horn is a prominent American environmentalist and actress who plays a role in Veronica Mars in 2004. Her real name is Cassidy Karen Horn, and she was born on 25th August 1989 in the film city of LA, California. Her mother is named Cindy Harrell, and she is a former actress and model. His…
Read More Cassidy Horn Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Dohn Norwood Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Dohn Norwood is an Indianapolis actor and also has been a Morehouse student. He was born on 3rd July 1974, and he is making a name for himself swiftly in the world of Hollywood. His movie and T.V. credits include Mini's First Time, Bruce Almighty, Castle Entourage, E.R., Without a Trace, The Closer, and Bones….
Read More Dohn Norwood Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue


text:
https://sixerswire.usatoday.com/2021/05/31/sixers-rookie-guard-tyrese-maxey-assesses-his-first-playoff-appearance/
Sixers rookie guard Tyrese Maxey assesses his first playoff appearance
May 31, 2021 12:58 pm ET
The 2020-21 season has been a wild ride for Philadelphia 76ers rookie Tyrese Maxey. He was drafted in November. He was on the court making his NBA debut in December. He played in a lot of empty arenas due to the state of the pandemic, and has been in and out of the rotation while trying to find his footing in the league.
Luckily, the young man out of Kentucky has a maniacal work ethic, and he has continued to improve on both ends of the floor. He is experiencing his first playoff run on a team that has a real shot at winning a title, and he is firmly in the rotation in the team's first-round series with the Washington Wizards.
"I think it's pretty much exactly what I expected," Maxey said. "We're blessed to have fans come back in the building, so we can see the crowds. The home crowd at Wells Fargo and then the hostile crowd here in the Wizards arena so it's been great."
Maxey has not really blinked in his first playoff appearance. He is averaging 5.7 points and 1.3 assists and he has been able to combat Washington's speed when it goes to Raul Neto and Ish Smith off the bench.
"It's been cool to see a chess match between the coaches," Maxey added. "How we mixed up schemes and how we change things game by game, and it's crazy playing the same opponent, over and over and over again. It's pretty fun."
The Sixers will look to close out the Wizards on Monday in Game 4 from Capital One Arena in Washington D.C.
Sixers vs. Wizards Game 4 preview: How to watch, TV channel, start time
Sixers assess their defense on Russell Westbrook, Bradley Beal in series
Doc Rivers, Tobias Harris discuss Sixers' efficiency in playoffs vs. Wizards


text:
Frank Moore, Lullaby, 1997. Oil on canvas on featherboard with red pine frame, 50 x 65 inches. Courtesy the artist.
It is hard enough to envisage the future when everything seems possible; harder still in conditions that threaten to foreclose on bodily integrity, or one's very survival. Such is the history of queer representation which, in deference to juridical realities, long relied on coded representations for self-representation.
This shifted slightly in the late 1980s as artists witnessing the ravages of AIDS turned to climate change as metaphor for extinction, giving tell to the lie that the fates of those hit hardest by AIDS were distinct from that of the rest of the planet. Work in this vein is as remarkable for the analogy drawn as it is for absences of embodied subjectivity. If the normative is that which need not be spoken—we name non-male genders, non-white races, non-het sexualities, and non-cis genders—this lack of bodies, while prototypically postmodern, nevertheless suggests a default to normative subjectivity that is gay, but not necessarily queer. And, in its repeated meditations on extinction, such work is also, arguably, anathema to futurity.
Felipe Baeza, Tu, que brotas en la noche, 2018. Ink, watercolor, cut paper, egg tempera, and embroidery on panel. 12 x 9 in© Felipe Baeza, courtesy Maureen Paley, London / Hove.
Recently, artists have returned to the Anthropocene to posit what lies ahead for a cultures with evidently problematic relationships to the environment, and one another. To survive, they suggest that one must represent not disembodied extinction, but rather a future that turns on non-normative corporeality—bodies of color, sutured together from disparate, found, non-human components from uncertain or unstable geneses—to explore alternative temporalities, desires, and relationships to death.
Felipe Baeza's posthumous post-human escapes the constraints of normative subjectivity where the corpse-like gives way to new, uncanny plant life. In Tú, Que Brotas En la Noche (2018), grey patchwork legs anchor branches sprouting tight buds from which threaded, palpably dimensional locks that hang weightily down against a gouache background in which the reddish-brown of the land and the purple-blue of the night sky serve reverse roles.
To bloom is to transform from one state to another, often by the light of day, while bodies and desires with queer relations to the norm are often relegated to distinctly liminal spatio-temporalities. In suturing life and death, plant and human, sub- and supra-terranean, Baeza stages the concurrent representation of otherwise discrete parts to position the human not as the continued ideal, but rather as a point of departure for the growth of new forms of life—especially among, between, and through racial or sexual others.
Wardell Milan, 3 Warriors: Kung Fu Kelvin, Samurai Seitu, and King Kunta Kinte, 2019. Charcoal, graphite, gesso, etching ink, cut-and-pasted paper on inkjet print 38 7/8 x 58 3/8 in98.7 x 148.3 cm. Courtesy the artist.
If, as Sylvia Wynter suggests, the very notion of the human is contingent upon a European "figure of man," where all other others are subsumed into one, largely undifferentiated category, perhaps we must consider leaving behind the supremacy of the human.1 In 3 Warriors: Kung Fu Kelvin, Samurai Seitu, and King Kunta Kinte (2019) Wardell Milan composes subjects from collaged photographs of nude Black men with paste and paint, fabricating bodies that at once contain and exceed the collected individualities, their beachy context as heterogeneous as their constitutive parts. The resulting embodiment exceeds the spectacle of Black otherness—what Fred Moten refers to as being a "single being"—and presents, through recombination, a new and spectacular Black subjectivity that is at once immanently futurist and ineluctably embodied.
Sin Sol, an XR experience by Micha Cárdenas (fig. 5), looks even further toward the post-human. A dog, Roja, leads users through a post-crisis landscape as Aura, a trans Latinx AI hologram, narrates through a poetics that elucidates the mechanisms by which trans folx and people of color are always disproportionately affected by catastrophes. Through Aura, Cárdenas explicates the climate crisis and positionality of trans people of color together, while simultaneously positing a future that is certainly attainable—so long as the white and cis no longer reigns.
Perhaps not only the human as concept, but also the human as form might need also be eschewed to reach a future. Since 2016, Anne Duk Hee Jordan has reanimated shells with electronics and built sea creatures out of plastic waste in the ongoing project Artificial Stupidity. Often, these creatures (Water Crab, Clapping Clams, Coral Sponge) are installed alongside queerly copulating or gender bending underwater flora and fauna (fig. 6). The only element of a human present acculturated into Jordan's future imaginary are instruments that emit atonal abstractions that Jordan imagines to be "the sounds of a deep future yet unknown to humanity."
Sutures "give form," in the words of Okwui Enwezor, to the "aporias of trauma and testimony"2 by staging futures whose instantiation is contingent upon on racial, gender, and/or sexual others. Increasingly in evidence, however, is that this newly constituted other is no longer the repository technological anxiety (as was the case with Frankenstein's monster) but instead stands for new regimes—of spectation, signification, and relation—conditioned on the transcendence of colonial, supremacist, and even identitarian structures. These future imaginaries ultimately turn on the amplification of difference, and the synchronous elevation of subjectivities that are queer, as Alexis Pauline Gumbs suggests, in the simple fact of their persistence.
Sylvia Wynter, "Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument," pp. 257-337 in The New Centennial Review 3:3 (Fall 2003).
Okwui Enwezor, "The Black Box," pp.42-54 in Documenta XI (Ostfildern-Rut, Germany: Hatje Kantz, 2002), 51.
Cat Dawson
PhD is a scholar and tech entrepreneur. They live in Brooklyn with their dog Agnes.


text:
Tag Archives: Prince
I have to say something about Prince's death because, honestly, I just have to write to feel better about this. And, because, he was probably my first true love. Yeah, I know. That sounds pathetic. I remember when Michael Jackson died and everyone went crazy. People were crying. I thought, "Are you kidding me? You act like you knew the guy…" Well, now I understand.
I've cried for three days straight. No, I mean, I've sobbed. I had devoted so much fantasy time to that man for a good ten years–I had every single solitary one of his albums, his 45s, his cassettes and his CDs; I knew every song, I could tell you which album each song came from; I had all his song lyrics figured out and in high school, my walls were painted purple with the big EYES from the Purple Rain album; I even lost my virginity to Purple Rain with a kid who I believed was the closest thing I could get to Prince–I devoted so much emotional time to that man, it only seems natural I would feel this loss, and yet, a part of my identity that took years to build seems to have crumbled away in an instant. That's a bizarre feeling. For sure.
Aside from my father, Prince was probably the man who influenced me most, good and bad, and fueled a latent nature that was dying to burst forth. Everything I was running away from, everything I wanted to be, everything I couldn't attain was wrapped up in that man. His lyrics held all the answers for a girl who was clueless and afraid of love and life. What's more, I think he changed the chemistry of who I was the night I first saw him in concert. As he sat at his piano, screaming The Beautiful Ones, "I gotta know…Is it him or is it me…" Prince reconfigured my DNA that night, and there was no going back. Without him, I couldn't tell you what I would look like today, what I might have become. I was transformed.
My mother couldn't figure out the attraction. I think Prince scared her. He was black, he was half naked all the time, he wore frilly clothes like a woman and he sang about masturbation and God and she wasn't having any of it for her perfect little girl. After I had bought the Controversy album at a record store at the mall, I hung the poster that came with the album in my bedroom closet. If anyone remembers this poster they might see how it could horrify a parent of a 15-year-old girl. It was Prince in black bikini underwear only, standing in a shower with a crucifix hanging on the shower wall. When my mother uncovered it at one point, not long after I had put it up, she told me to take it down. I refused. She told me, "If that 'thing' is not gone in three days, I am ripping it down." I said, "No. It's my room! You have no right to do that." She said, "It's my house."
I held my ground and left the poster on the wall and, when I came home from school on the third day, the poster was ripped to shreds in a heap on my purple bedroom carpet.
I suppose that story is more telling of my mother than of me or my sentiments for Prince. And yet, there were many more times I would cry over the man. I cried out of frustration when I missed one of his concerts, I cried out of jealousy when I learned he was dating Vanity or some other woman. And I cried just to cry because, when you're 16, that's what you do.
And I wasn't alone. I had a clique of friends that also worshipped the Purple One. We wore fringe and lace, swooshed our hair to one side, wrote letters to God, painted our rooms purple and drew The Sign and those Eyes on all our notebooks along with lyrics, carefully chosen that spoke to us like no parent ever could. We worked diligently trying to uncover all the hidden messages in his albums. When Paisley Park came out, we were hysterical because we thought Prince was dying. And we all wrote in our yearbooks that we were going to DMSR our lives away…
Shortly after graduation my best friend came to visit me in Wildwood where I worked for a summer selling t-shirts. I was so lonely and so missing my old friends that her visit was a godsend. We noted the cherry moon on the night she showed up. It was a sign.
When I was in my 20's, living in Paris, I lived my life through the Sign of the Times and Batman albums. I drank "pink things" at an American bar called the Violon Dingue with my British friend Karen and we smoked Gauloises and bemoaned living in Paris with zero money. I thought it was a miracle when a boy selling cassettes on the street offered to sell me the Black Album and a bootlegged copy of Crystal Ball that he had clearly made in his parents' basement—all for a whopping 20 francs. I think I sacrificed a meal and a pack of cigarettes that week. But, it was worth it. This collection of songs I shared immediately with my other Prince-addicted friend, Kimberly, who was also living in Paris at the time. One night we ended up at club that was promoting an All-Prince night. We had come across one of their paper advertisements in the street—a red heart that said LoveSexy and were convinced the Man would make an appearance. I begged my au pair family to let me have the night off. I took the train into Paris from Fountainbleau met Kim and we stayed out until 7am—until the Metro started running again—dancing and waiting. He never did show, and what's more my purse was stolen. But, I still have the LoveSexy advert. That's all that really mattered.
I marked the years by albums, and, maybe shortly after Emancipation (ironically), my styles changed and I drifted. Or did I drift away organically? It's not clear. The impoverished, but spiritually abundant days of Paris were long gone, and the girl who was so averse to growing up, grew up faster than she wanted in a less-than-perfect marriage and a deep struggle within myself to hold on to the woman I wanted to be. I remember one afternoon, living in Madrid with my new husband. I was happy within myself for a moment, in between fighting and a seemingly never ending long string of days where I would cry and rock back and forth wondering what the hell I was doing with my life. I remember putting on Friend, Lover, Sister, Mother/Wife, singing at the top of my lungs and dancing around a rather empty Madrid apartment living room that only had a futon and a TV. My husband came in and yelled, "Stop singing, you're annoying me."
That was the end of Prince.
I came back briefly during his Musicology period—Call My Name and On the Couch were the throaty, moaning, slow love songs that had first drawn me in and I simply needed to go back. That was 2004. The year my father died and the year I divorced. But, it wasn't the same. I had changed. Prince's spirituality imbued with sexuality was the perfect message of inspiration and validation I needed when I was younger, when I believed in those things, but I simply no longer possessed any of that anymore. Letters to God were replaced with the logical promise of science. And as far as my sexuality was concerned, I had spent years devoid of everything Prince told me true love and sexuality should look like. There were no hot nights in bathtubs with candles. My husband never said to me,
"If I was your girlfriend
Would U let me dress U
I mean, help U pick out your clothes…"
I got nothing remotely close to that. And so, I stop believing. In Prince. In the promises of youth. In me.
Until it wasn't anymore. In 2009 I met Doug. By then, I had been through my fair share of ups and downs, reconnected with my true self, or rather, found my true self, not my fantasy one, and felt the warm glow of aliveness and happiness coming from within and from my children. While I no longer needed an idol to help me form my identity, I was no longer jaded by all the dreams that never came true. Doug and I, when we first met, talked about the fact that we both had Prince posters all over our walls and that he always dug girls who were into Prince because, well, let's be honest, if Prince did one thing for any true fan, it was to teach them how to fuck. From a man's perspective I could see how that might be appealing.
But, the truth is, Prince was a distant memory, a larger-than-life figure that gave me so much more than a song to dance to. He taught me how to be free. How to love. How to be my own duality. How to express myself. How to be unique. How to look at the world in all its glory and say, this is beautiful.
When I heard the news that he was dead it came in the form of a text that I only briefly saw. And then another, something about TMZ reporting it and it can't be confirmed. I froze. I was at my computer, just off a 2-hour conference call. I went right on to Facebook and saw the posts blowing up my newsfeed. I called one of my old high schools friends right away and just kept saying, "No, no, no, no, no…It can't be…" We were both crying. Holding on to the possibility that Prince not remotely capable of dying.
I looked at the date. And I knew.
Ironically, or coincidentally, both my father and Prince died at age 57. And ironically, or coincidentally, they both died on the same date. This is significant. There had always been a mystique about the world for me–an innocent belief that the universe aligns certain major events in your life mysteriously–as if someone behind a curtain is trying to tell you something–I may be invisible but there's a purpose and a plan, and I'm going to drop little clues to keep you guessing. I stopped believing in that for a very long time, but in that very moment of reconciling Prince's passing, I knew. It was a gentle reminder that the world is still a mystery and I need to keep my eyes open for signs.
Thank you, Prince. Thank you. For a lifetime of helping to build a girl into a woman. That's a pretty big feat for such a little guy.
I read today that Prince's remains were cremated. And that reports of his death were that he may have overdosed on percocets. To me, those are crazy hard facts to hear. They don't compute. They bring me back to the girl with the ripped to shreds poster on her bedroom floor. Crying because it just doesn't make sense.
One of my homegirls sent me a poignant quote that sums up exactly how I feel about Prince's death and why it's possible I still feel a bit lost.
Prince was so utterly, effortlessly enshrouded in mystique that he seemed other-than-human, to the point where mortality never figured into our calculations.—Vanity Fair
Rest in peace. Nothing compares to you.
This entry was posted in Love, Writing and tagged blog, blogging, loss, Love, Personal Essay, Prince, purple rain on April 24, 2016 by sevenperfumes.
"…time we all reach out 4 something new…"
So, out of the blue, up pops my very first boyfriend from 25 years ago on facebook yesterday. The one and only B.J., affectionately known as "homeboy." The 17-year-old I lost my virginity to during an abridged, radio version of Purple Rain. The boy responsible for one of the most defining moments of my life. Back from the dead. On facebook.
As a child I often loved the idea of an old lover coming back after many years to find me still pining away for him and ready to pick up where we left off. But as Time, intelligence and my own transient, fickle nature would have it, it really never worked out that way. Nor would I have ever wanted it to. And yet Homeboy, and a boat load of others from my long ago past, keep popping up, forcing me to once again re-evaluate how far I've come and how very little of myself I am actually able to discard.
So, I start re-reading old journals from when I was sixteen, while simultaneously analyzing Hemingway's Hills Like White Elephants and the John Patrick Shanley film "Doubt." Combining old me and new me makes me feel as though I have come far (analyzing literature and film with my hot, intelligent, creative boyfriend as opposed to chasing some dope-smoker around, forcing him to wear purple bikini underwear-ah yes. I have changed).
Both Doubt and Hills Like White Elephants leave the reader/audience in suspended animation. With Doubt, the audience is asked the following: "do you believe character A or do you believe character B?" But no resolution is ever offered. If it were, the film would be sending a different message: we may always expect the truth and know the answer. That, however, is not the case, nor is it the underlying message in Doubt.
Hills Like White Elephants also leaves its readers conflicted as to what will happen in the end regarding Jig's possible abortion and the relationship between her and the American because nothing is ever really said. It's all implied with Hemingway's expert use of symbolism and subtlety.
My point of comparison I guess with all these things, including Homeboy and the journals, is not so much the storyline as the fact that we are left without a solid conclusion. We connect to these characters but we never quite know the truth in the end.
To appreciate something like Hills Like White Elephants you have to be satisfied with guessing. And the same can be said about Doubt. Do we really know as audience members what the Truth is in either of these stories? Not really. Instead, we must replace "fact "with assumption and opinion and learn to appreciate it anyway. That's a hard thing to do, and yet art and life so often demand it.
So, Homeboy popped up on the screen very briefly and then disappeared again. We connected, once and again, and yet, there is never any ultimate truth in the end. Still, the meeting left me to rediscover some long ago truth about myself and my past via his presence. That the collection of facts and memories and people from long ago never really go away. They are a quiet, unspoken, but latently existent testament to how I was built and who I became. Good or bad. They are the marks of humiliation that eventually morphed into what now makes me humble. And they are a celebration of my progress and courage to grow and change as opposed to a sad reminder of who I was. Most importantly, whether they be true or not, they have shaped me based on my own personal interpretation of them. And just like we can appreciate Doubt or Hills Like White Elephants for their substance and not their conclusions, so too can I appreciate my own life for the fact that it is circular, changing and sometimes has no ultimate message. And that the only truth I can assign my life is that which I make up all on my own.
Ironically, Spin magazine's cover this month (July) has "Celebrating 25 years of Purple Rain." I could so look at that magazine cover and say, "that fucking song should have been buried 25 years ago, right along with Homeboy." But instead, I saw the purple, Princy cover and laughed at it having been exhumed. I remembered a 14-karat gold chain I was wearing during the "act" that one afternoon and how, much later, after I was home and crying hysterically about my newly acquired loss of virginity, I noticed it had broken off. It had made me smile as I assumed it was left some where between the sheets of Homeboy's bed. Whether it was or not was really not of importance. What was important was that I remember trying to gauge at what point it broke off by the lyrics of the track. Did it happen as early as "I never meant to cause you any sorrow," or was it later at "I only wanted 2 be some kind of friend"? At whatever point it happened, or even if it never really did, I was happy believing it was somewhere in his room. It meant I was connected to Homeboy. It meant that he'd go to sleep that night and feel the cold chain rub against his ass and think with his little 17-year-old boy brain, "Wow. Her virginity is all mine until the end of time."
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged facebook, old boyfriends, Pontifications, Prince, time, virginity on June 19, 2009 by sevenperfumes.


UPDATE: Senators Dean Heller (R-Nev.) and Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.) have introduced a bipartisan bill that would extend the Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act through 2015 and all of 2016. Heller is an influential member of the Senate Finance Committee and has pledged to attach the bill to a larger piece of legislation that is moving through his committee. We will keep you posted on the progress of the extension as the process moves forward.
On December 16, 2014, President Obama signed a bill that extended the Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act retroactively to cover mortgage debt cancelled in 2014. The Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act (MFDRA) prevents homeowners who went through a short sale from being taxed on the amount of their home mortgage debt that had been forgiven. For homeowners to qualify for a tax break in 2014, their short sale must close by December 31, 2014.
The Act has only been extended through 2014. Congress is expected to debate further extension of the Act as part of a larger tax package in 2015. In the meantime, mortgage debt forgiven by a lender in 2015 might count as taxable income.
According to a brief from the National Association of Realtors (NAR), about 5.3 million homes are still under water. In addition, there are still more than 1 million homes in the process of foreclosure. If the Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act is not extended further, hundreds of thousands of American families who did the right thing by short-selling their home will have to pay income tax on income they never received.
Short sale sellers can still be exempt from tax liability under the "insolvency clause" of the Internal Revenue Code. The clause states that a seller is exempt from paying tax on any forgiven debt to the extent that they are insolvent. In other words, if the seller's debts and liabilities exceed their assets by more than the amount of debt forgiven, they do not have to pay taxes on the forgiven debt.
A seller has a home valued at $300,000, but the mortgage debt is $400,000. We short sell the property for $300K and the bank elects to forgive the debt on the $100,000 shortfall amount. Since debt that has been forgiven counts as taxable income, the IRS would treat the $100,000 of forgiven debt as income.
This is where the insolvency clause formula comes in. Begin by adding up all of your debts/liabilities in one column and all of your assets in another. For this formula, the IRS wants you to include the mortgage debt as a liability, and the fair market value of your house as an asset. Let's say you have $600,000 in assets and $700,000 in debts/liabilities. You are insolvent by $100,000.
Since your insolvency amount of $100,000 equals the forgiven debt amount of $100,000, it's a wash and you will not have to pay taxes on that forgiven debt. You are shielded dollar-for-dollar on the amount of forgiven debt up to your insolvency number. Let's say you were only insolvent by $80,000. In that case, you would still have to pay income tax on the remaining $20,000 of forgiven debt.
It is critical that homeowners considering a short sale meet with a professional to review their options and discuss the potential legal and tax implications.


text:
Clear filter School: College of Arts & Sciences
Bachelor of Arts African American and African Diaspora Studies
This dynamic field is shaping important questions and debates worldwide. In it, you explore the ongoing influence,…
Bachelor of Arts Anthropology
Are you curious about how human beings are the same yet different? At AU, we teach anthropology in service to social …
Bachelor of Arts Arabic Studies
The demand for Arabic in the US has grown tremendously in recent decades. Our dedicated professors use various activities …
This dynamic field is shaping important questions and debates worldwide. In it, you explore the ongoing influence, connections, and differences among peoples of African descent. Through discussion-based seminars, you'll examine Black social movements and race politics, racial ideologies and critical race theory, lived experiences, and the distinctive artistic, literary, cultural practices of African-descendant peoples worldwide.
86 % Employed or in Grad School Within six months of graduation * Because of the small number of responses for this major, results are reported for the department. Explore more outcomes for this program in a new tab or window
Visit Program Page for Bachelor of Arts African American and African Diaspora Studies
Are you curious about how human beings are the same yet different? At AU, we teach anthropology in service to social justice. You'll use the field's tools and methods to contribute to real change in the world. Undergrads assist the work of non-profits via the Public Anthropology Clinic and participate in the long-standing Public Anthropology Conference.
Visit Program Page for Bachelor of Arts Anthropology
The demand for Arabic in the US has grown tremendously in recent decades. Our dedicated professors use various activities and communicative methodologies to make learning Arabic accessible and enjoyable, and to introduce students to the richness of Arabic cultures. You'll receive extensive training in Modern Standard Arabic and dialect and will have the option to study in Jordan or Morocco.
Visit Program Page for Bachelor of Arts Arabic Studies


Description: C & D Accounting is a business categorized under accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services, which is part of the larger category accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services. C & D Accounting is located at the address 2331 South Horner Boulevard in Sanford, North Carolina 27330-5823. The Owner is Cynthia Woody who can be contacted at .
Location & access map for "C & D Accounting"


text:
import * as React from 'react';

import { BlockActionFooterProps } from './BlockActionFooter';

export interface CenteredActionFooterProps extends BlockActionFooterProps {
  /**
   * Actions to be displayed in the center socket
   */
  center?: React.ReactNode;
}

declare const CenteredActionFooter: React.FC<CenteredActionFooterProps>;
export default CenteredActionFooter;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Martin Luther King III Endorses Joe Kennedy III for U.S. Senate
by The Boston Sun Staff • August 19, 2020 • 0 Comments
"Joe has fought for the silenced and ignored, the oppressed and left behind. He legislates and leads from our streets and communities –– for and with the peo-ple most in need." — Martin Luther King, III
On Thursday, Aug. 13, human-rights activist Martin Luther King III endorsed Congressman Joe Kennedy III for U.S. Senate in a video released by the Kennedy for Massachusetts campaign. The fourth President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and oldest living child of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King, King cites Kennedy's record on Civil Rights and a need for new leadership in the Senate as his reasons for endorsing Kennedy.
"I'm proud to endorse Joe Kennedy because this country needs a new generation of civil rights leaders to tackle the injustice and inequity of our past," said Martin Luther King III. "Throughout his career, Joe has fought for the silenced and ignored, the oppressed and left behind. He legislates and leads from our streets and communities –– for and with the people most in need. Joe is the kind of powerful new voice our country desperately needs in this moment to help bring us to higher, moral ground. We must elect him to the U.S. Senate."
Martin Luther King III is the latest civil rights activist to endorse Kennedy following the late Congressman John Lewis and Dolores Huerta.
Kennedy is a committed ally to the Black community, understanding that generations of discrimination and disenfranchisement have led to structural barriers for Black and Brown families across the country. Over the course of his career to date, he has fought to proactively and deliberately address these barriers in everything from housing to health care to education, and criminal justice to voting rights. As he continues his campaign across the Commonwealth, he has promised to listen, learn, and relentlessly prioritize equity in both his policy and political choices.
← As Primary Approaches, Markey Campaign Sees Tsunami of Grassroots Contributions
Neighbors Call for Better Plan on Homeless Living in Peters Park →


text:
Update to March For Our Lives IRS 990: Everytown (Bloomberg) Dollars
A few days ago, we published the 2018 March For Our Lives IRS 990 forms with a brief breakdown. Today, we came across Everytown's 990's for the same year. You're not gonna believe this (actually, you will).....
First, a CNBC article had them (these are not on Guidestar's database yet). From that article:
A gun safety group co-founded by presidential candidate Mike Bloomberg raised its most money ever in 2018, the year Democrats took back the House of Representatives — with much of it coming from the billionaire former New York mayor himself.
The organization, Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund, brought in $69.5 million in total revenue last year, according to a new 990 tax return first reviewed by CNBC. That's nearly double its revenue from 2017. The National Rifle Association, the biggest pro-gun lobby in the country, raised $352 million last year, meanwhile, representing only 12% revenue growth, its most recent disclosure form shows.
The 501(c)(4), which focuses on political initiatives, received $66 million of that total in grants and contributions. A source said $38 million of that — listed as an anonymous donation in the document — came from Bloomberg himself. Combined with their other nonprofit, Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund, the organization as a whole raised over $106 million.
The source said Bloomberg, who earlier this week launched his bid for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination, has accounted for about a third of the group's total funding in recent years. Bloomberg has a net worth of just over $55 billion.
So, what does this have to do with March For Our Lives? See what the Action Fund bankrolled in 2018 and pay attention to the far right hand columns....
Wow, am I right?!?!?!?!? Bloomberg (the largest donor to Everytown by far, and also his own organization) pretty much covered all of the sponsored marches. But what about the Everytown Support Fund?
This is the man who is the largest backer financially to March For Our Lives:
Boy did David Hogg eat those words he said hours ago:
Cameron Kasky (student who first launched the idea of MFOL) makes a valid point here. He woke up a bit.....
Bloomberg is attempting to buy the presidency just as he bought/paid for a movement in order to work towards abolishing the 2nd amendment. This single egocentric man is the greatest threat to our rights as we know it (just ask Virginia).


text:
\chapter{Audience}
\label{chapter_1}
\large This document is intended to explain the Wireless Backhaul Links Clustering between point to point ethernet transmission links.
With the word clustering the first thing comes to
mind is bundling bunch of physical links to make a single
logical link. While this definition holds true, it is imperative
to know it's implementation in conjunction with certain key
factors. Upcoming 5G technologies where wireless backhaul
links for point to point wireless Ethernet transmission may
play a vital role in backbone networks, the proliferated needs
of providing higher data rates should be met. With that
demand, challenge of resilience, performance, scalability,
maintainability, and manageability will rise as well. An
optimal solution must be found which can reduce the failover
points, ability to perform upgrade and downgrade with
minimal downtime, and most importantly solution must
overcome all the challenges faced in wireless link
environment. A well tested approach has been presented in
this paper which will accomplish all the mentioned points.
This method will make the clustered wireless backhaul links
more valuable and throughput will increase significantly.

This document targets audience of the class who are taking taken COEN - 332 (Wireless/Mobile Multimedia Networks), as fundamentals to understand this document was explained in the class.
Additionally, lectures coverd layer 2/3 and wireless protocols for control, management and data plane required for this project report.

\tableofcontents{}
\listoffigures
\listoftables

\mainmatter

\chapter{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Wireless Ethernet Transmission is a great way of
extending the backbone network without deploying any
physical network, specially fiber. This technology can be
deployed in any form of topology and network. After FCC
rolled out extra free frequency bands for instance 11GHz
and 5GHz for commercial use, its demand is on rise \cite{goovaerts2016fcc}.
Today Internet Service Providers (ISP), Enterprise
Networking companies are relying on this technology a lot
due to numerous factors such as Cost, Terrains,
maintenance, easy to upgrade, and most importantly easy
to troubleshoot.
With upcoming 5G technologies where connecting 5G
access points to the backbone networks will require to have
a relay link in between to keep the data rate constant for
long links. Wireless Ethernet Transmission technology
will be handy to serve as a middleman in between
backbone networks and 5G access points, where the link is
just too long and data rate most likely will suffer without a
Wireless Ethernet Transmission backhaul link. Another
application of Wireless Transmission Network is campus.
In campus, often it is hard to deploy fiber to extend the
network to other buildings. Since it is in short range, so the
interference wouldn't matter that much. These backhaul
links comes handy. Fiber gets dropped by the ISP to some places and then the network gets extended by these
backhaul links.

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{figures/Algorithm1.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Primary and Primary-2 selections
    }
    \label{fig:primaryPrimary2}
\end{figure}

In all these above-mentioned applications, we would
need a higher amount of data rate with reliability and
ability to be up for maximum amount of time. With the
help of current MIMO technologies, specially with IEEE
802.11ac, if we have 2 RF chains, 4 Streams then the max
data rate (Consider optimal RF conditions) is around
1Gbps \cite{Mimosa_B5}. With such high demand of data rate, 1Gbps
will not be sufficient and hence will not be a suitable
solution after all. In 5G the data rates will be way more
than 1Gbps, deploying Wireless Ethernet Transmission
Backhaul links in 5G will not suffice the purpose. An
optimal solution is needed to make data rates higher with
the existing infrastructure. Cluster will bundle multiple
Wireless Ethernet Transmission Backhaul Links and will
become a logically single link to provide higher data rates
needed \cite{802_1X}. There will be a lot more to be explained and
discussed with clustering, few are outlined below:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Control Plane messages in unit selections and
assigning duties
    \item Load Balancing across links
    \item High Availability
    \item Flow consistency
    \item State replication
    \item Configuration replication
    \item Management plane, Control plane, Data plane traffic
handling
\end{itemize}

This solution will provide multiple Gbps data rate but also
will provide a scalable, resilient, highly available, easy to
upgrade with minimal disruption solution.

\chapter{Concepts and Explanation}
\large  This section will explain the concepts and their relevance in clustering in wireless backhaul links.
\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{figures/newly_joined_unit_selection_process.pdf}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Newly joined unit selection process
    }
    \label{fig:newlyJoinedUnit}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{figures/Physical_topology.pdf}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Physical Topology. AP = Access Point, STA = Station
    }
    \label{fig:physical_topology}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/Logical_topology.pdf}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Logical Topology. AP = Access Point, STA = Station
    }
    \label{fig:logical_topology}
\end{figure}

\section{Cluster Formation}
Cluster will be a daemon running on each radio. Which
will bind all the radios wireless links. This will appear one
link for south and north bound devices and will aggregate
the throughput. Cluster will have failover mechanism, load
balancing and an algorithm for communication. Topology
is needed to understand it as shown in figure \ref{fig:physical_topology} and figure \ref{fig:logical_topology} which
shows the difference between physical topology and the
logical topology.

\section{Bootstrap Configuration and Cluster Members}
A unit consists of access-point and station. Each unit
requires minimal bootstrap configuration which includes
cluster name, cluster control link interface, management
cluster link interfaces, data path link interfaces and local
pool of IP address reserved for clustering.
The first unit configured as a bootstrap configuration will
be primary unit and rest become "secondaries". These are
initial roles; The primary unit assignment will also depend
on the priority set in the bootstrap configuration. Priority
can go from 1-100, where 1 is the highest priority. All
other members are secondary units except one unit with
second highest priority will be primary-2 and secondary
both. Algorithm (figure \ref{fig:primaryPrimary2}) shows the complete scenario. In typical scenario, the very first unit added becomes
the primary, it is because so far this is the only unit present
in the cluster. Apart from bootstrap configuration, all
configuration is on primary only; replication of
configuration on secondary unit starts. When it comes to
physical assets, for instance interfaces, primary's
configuration is mirrored to secondary unit. For example,
if Ethernet 1 is configured as inside and Ethernet 2 is
configured as outside, then these interfaces on secondary
unit will be inside and outside respectively.
Primary unit selection is based on request message which
consists of priority set by user. As soon as a new unit is
joined in the cluster, an election request will be sent on a
multicast address 224.1.0.10 which is reserved for this
purpose. All units in cluster will listen to this IP and only
primary unit at that moment will reply to the newly joined
unit. If the priority of newly joined unit is greater than the
primary unit then newly joined unit will set itself to
primary (Please see figure \ref{fig:newlyJoinedUnit}). If newly joined unit doesn't receive any response
back from primary unit then it sets itself and sends a
multicast message to 224.1.0.11 which will force every
unit to set them to secondary. In the case of tie of priorities
(especially the highest priority), different parameters such
as unit name and serial number are used to determine the primary unless it is down or stops responding for some reason, this will trigger a new unit selection

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/Spanned_etherchannel_with_lacp.pdf}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Spanned EtherChannel with LACP
    }
    \label{fig:SpannedEtherChannel}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/Individual_router_interface_mode.pdf}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{ Individual router interface mode
    }
    \label{fig:IndividualRouterInterfaceMode}
\end{figure}

\section{Cluster Interfaces}
All the wireless backhaul links can either be configured
as Spanned EtherChannel or Individual interfaces. All
links has the configured one type only. Spanned
EtherChannel is recommended. One or more links can be
grouped into Spanned EtherChannel that spans all links in
the cluster. Both routed and transparent modes are present
in Spanned EtherChannel. A single IP address is provided
to routed interface if the EtherChannel is configured in
routed mode, on the other hand, transparent mode is
something when we have an IP assigned to BVI (Bridge
virtual Interface) not to the member interface of bridge
group. This will inherit the load balancing as a part of basic
operation.
In Spanned EtherChannel shows in figure \ref{fig:SpannedEtherChannel}, we will
combine all the interfaces into a single logical link using
LACP. This interface will become a bundle of all the
interfaces attached to it. This EtherChannel will spans all
units in the cluster. It is recommended as EtherChannel
aggregates traffic from all the available active interfaces in
the channel. In this mode, all units use the same VIP
(Virtual Internet Protocol address) assigned to the cluster
and the same MAC used in EtherChannel of the cluster.
Another mode is individual routed mode (Figure \ref{fig:IndividualRouterInterfaceMode}) where each link
will maintain its own IP on each data interface. Since this
approach doesn't use any aggregation link to load balance
and implement any fail over, dynamic routing is needed to
load balance. In individual mode, each radio maintains its
own routing adjacency. The disadvantage of this is slower
convergence and higher processor utilization due to each
unit maintaining its own routing table. In spanned
EtherChannel mode, the primary access point and station
runs dynamic routing. Routing and ARP tables are
synchronized to the secondary units.
A round trip time of 20ms and maintaining a reliable
cluster control link functionality is important. To make
sure that this condition is intact, a ping pong icmp
messages goes from every secondary units to master units.
Cluster control link is the most important link in the cluster
and will have a dedicated interface for cluster control link.
If a cluster control link is down, then the cluster will be
down and it must be brought up by solving the problem
which led it to down and then joining them one by one
manually.

\section{Monitoring units }
To make sure all units are healthy and interfaces are up
and running, a monitoring system is placed. Primary unit
is responsible to monitor every secondary unit by sending
a keepalive message periodically over the CCL (Cluster
Control Link), this monitoring period is configurable. In the event of unit health check failure, it will be removed
from the cluster. Every unit is supposed to send a keepalive message
(UDP multicast packet) (Figure \ref{fig:KeepAliveMessageFormat } to primary unit. Message format:

\begin{itemize}
    \item   Keepalive message header
        \begin{itemize}
             \item   Type
             \item Version
             \item Length
        \end{itemize}

    \item Selection Info Component
            \begin{itemize}
                 \item Unit Priority
                 \item Serial Number
                 \item Role (Primary Standby or Secondaries)
            \end{itemize}

    \item   Radio Info Component
            \begin{itemize}
                 \item Mode (Spanned EtherChannel or Individual Router Interface
                 \item Radio Type (Access Point or Station)
                 \item SNR
                 \item Load Balancing Weight
            \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
Here type is the keepalive (CLUSTER\_KEEPALIVE).
Version is 1 and length is the length of the message not
including the header. The message has two more sections
apart from the header. Section info component and Radio
Info component.
Figure \ref{fig:SelectionInfoComponent} shows the message header. Here type is the SELECTION\_INFO\_COMP, length is
the length of the selection info component. Unit priority is
the priority assigned to unit while configuring cluster.
Serial Number of the unit and Role of the unit whether it
is Primary standby or a secondary unit. This section will
let primary unit know about configurations of other units.

Figure \ref{fig:RadioInfoComponent} shows the radio info component message header.
Here the type is RADIO\_INFO\_COMP.
Length is the length of radio info component. It includes
Mode operation whether it is spanned EtherChannel or
Individual router interface. If primary unit finds that
received packet has mismatch of mode of operation, then
it excludes the unit from cluster and sends a unicast
message to forcefully make the unit leave cluster. A high level message flow is depicted in figure \ref{fig:MessageFlowtoPrimaryUnit }.

\section{Monitoring Interfaces and failure status}
As soon as the health monitoring is turned on, all physical
interfaces are monitored, including the main EtherChannel
and redundant interface. An option will be provided to user
to disable the health monitoring per interface. For instance, an EtherChannel is considered to be failed if all the units
in the EtherChannel are failed. If this happens, the
EtherChannel will be removed from the cluster but this
will depend on the minimal port bundling settings. For a
single unit, it will be considered removing from the cluster
if all monitored interfaces fail. The amount of time
removing a unit from the cluster will depend on the type of
interface and whether a unit is established or just joining
the cluster. For any EtherChannel spanned or not, if an
interface is down on an established member, primary unit
removes it after 9 seconds. For first 90 seconds, primary
unit doesn't monitor any interfaces for the unit which just
joined the cluster. This means a primary unit will not
remove it if the interface state changes during that 90 secs.
In non-EtherChannel, the unit is removed in 500 ms
regardless of the member state. In the case of failure of a
unit, the connection belongs to that unit is seamlessly
transferred to other units and state information for the
traffic flows are shared over the CCL (Cluster Control
Link). In case of primary unit failure itself, other member
with highest priority (Which means unit with the lowest
number priority) takes over. Failed primary unit, after
recovery automatically tries to join the cluster. If rejoining
the cluster of primary unit is failed then all data interfaces
are shut down and only management interface can receive
and send traffic. This management interface remains up
using the IP address the unit received from the cluster IP
pool.

\section{Cluster Rejoining}
The primary factor to join back a unit after being
removed from the cluster is the reason why the unit was
removed. There are three methods how a unit can rejoin
the cluster.
\begin{itemize}
    \item Failed cluster control link when initially
joining—After the problem is resolved with the
cluster control link, unit must be manually
rejoined the cluster by re-enabling clustering at
the console port by entering cluster group name,
and then enable.
     \item Failed cluster control link after joining the
cluster—Unit automatically tries to rejoin every
5 minutes, indefinitely. This behavior is
configurable.
     \item Data Interface Failure - Unit will try maximum of
4 attempts on each 5 minute to rejoin the cluster.
After resolving the issue with the data interface,
a manually enabled clustering is required by
entering cluster group name. This behavior is
configurable.
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/ClusterMessageHeader.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Cluster message header.
    }
    \label{fig:ClusterMessageHeader}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[h]
\caption{Extra information in connection preservation}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\label{SampleTable}
Traffic           & State Support & Nodes                                                                                \\ \hline
Up Time           & Yes           & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Keeps track of the \\ system up time\end{tabular}                                  \\ \hline
ARP Table         & Yes           & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Individual interface \\ routed mode only\end{tabular}                              \\ \hline
MAC Address Table & Yes           & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Individual Interface \\ Router Mode Only\end{tabular}                              \\ \hline
User Identity     & Yes           & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Includes AAA (authentication)\\ and radius server related information\end{tabular} \\ \hline
SNMP Engine ID    & No            & ------------------------------                                                                                \\ \hline
VPN Site-Site     & No            & ------------------------------                                                                  \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\section{Replication of Data path connection state}
There is one owner and one backup owner for every
connection in the cluster. Ownership doesn't get
transferred to backup owner in case of a failure instead a
provision of TCP/UDP state information gets stored in it
so that the connections can be transferred seamlessly. If for
some reason the owner becomes unavailable, the very first
unit to receive packets from the connection contacts the
backup owner for the relevant connection state and then the backup owner becomes a new owner for this
connection. Obviously, there would be some traffic which
would require information above the TCP or UDP layer.
Replication message is defined below. Cluster message
header is already defined in figure \ref{fig:ClusterMessageHeader}. In the type field of
figure \ref{fig:ReplicationMessageFormat }, type field will be mentioned in
CLUSTER\_REPLICATION, version will be 1 and length
is the length of the packet apart from the cluster message
header.
Often the traffic will be directed by the original unit
where the traffic is flowing. Often UDP/TCP or higher
layer information not needed to be transferred to the
backup unit or in case of transfer to back up unit the traffic
could be from the same origin and destined to the same
destination. Separating the IP layer info (message shown in figure \ref{fig:IPLayerConnectionInfo } from the higher
layer can give flexibility to just check the source and
destination IP and not needed to open the rest of the packet.
This will make the transfer faster.
Upper layer connection info (Message shown in figure \ref{fig:UpperLayerConnectionInfo} will contain vital
information about Upper layer as shown below. Most of
the time, the information doesn't change and failover will
only have to see the layer-3 packet and forward the upper
layer information. Also, table \ref{SampleTable} shows what extra
information in preserved in connection and its transfer.

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/SelectionInfoComponent.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Selection Info Component
    }
    \label{fig:SelectionInfoComponent}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/RadioInfoComponent.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Radio Info Component
    }
    \label{fig:RadioInfoComponent}
\end{figure}

\section{Cluster Management}
To manage the cluster, a separate network must be
created apart from cluster control network. A spanned
EtherChannel or individual interfaces can be used as
management network. Even if spanned EtherChannel is
used for data still for management purposes recommended
approach is individual interface. In it each unit can be
connected directly to individual interfaces (if necessary),
on the other hand a spanned EtherChannel interface only allows to be connected to primary unit via remote
connection.
In case of individual interface, cluster IP address is fixed
which always belongs to the current primary unit. A range
of IP address can be configured for each unit which of
course includes the current primary which can use a local
address from the range. Having a main cluster IP provides
management consistency access to an address; In case of
role change of primary unit to other unit in cluster, this
main IP moves to the new unit which will result in the
seamless transfer of the management of the cluster. For
routing, the local IP is used and it is also useful for
troubleshooting. For an instance, a cluster is managed by
the main cluster IP and this IP is always attached to the
current primary unit but to manage an individual member,
a local IP can do the job. There are outbound management
traffic service like syslog, TFTP etc, each unit (includes
primary unit too) uses this local IP to connect to the server.
In the event of Spanned EtherChannel interface, one main
IP is configured which is attached to the primary unit.
Secondary units will not be allowed to connect directly
using the EtherChannel interface and hence an individual
interface is recommended for configuring the management
interface and user will be easily able to connect to single
unit.

\section{Load Balancing Method}
Spanned EtherChannel have bundled links which load
balances and failovers in case of a link failure. There is
more than one physical links are bundled into the Spanned
EtherChannel (At Max 6), the primary aim is to have
traffic across all the links equally however a IP stickiness
is desired as well. Packets with same destination and
source IP should take the same path every single time for
IP stickiness to be maintained. This will give consistency
and ease of troubleshoot in case of data packet inspection
or loss. In the load balancing algorithm for EtherChannel,
a hash function (Algorithm shown in figure \ref{fig:HashAlgo} calculates a hash value which determines
which link packet will go out. The algorithm for hashing will be "symmetric" which
means the packet from both the directions will have the
same hash, and will be sent to the same unit in spanned
EtherChannel. By default, Source IP and destination IP are
being used and it is recommended too. Another restriction
is to use same type of radio when connecting the units to
the switch so that hashing algorithm applied to all the
packets. In individual routed mode load balancing, each radio
will maintain its own IP address. One method of load
balancing is Policy Based Routing. Traditional Policy
based Routing is based on policy which is applied to
ingress and egress interface based on access-list which will
allow certain type of traffic to be passed. Policy is a map
which allows certain type of traffic to be passed from
certain units. Since it is static, chances are it may not
achieve the optimal load balancing results. Recommended
way of configuring policy is to make sure that forward and
return packets of a connection are directed to the same
physical unit.

\section{Connection Management and Formation}
Roles of connections determine how they are handled in
high availability and normal operation. Connections can
be load balanced among multiple members of the clusters
too. For connection management, we will distribute the
unit roles of three different type:
\begin{itemize}
     \item Proprietor
     \item Organizer
     \item Forwarder
\end{itemize}
from the connection, the director chooses a new owner
from those units from the connection, the director chooses
a new owner from those units.
Function of Organizer is to handles owner lookup requests
which are coming from forwarders and maintain a connection state to serve as a backup if the owner fails.
When a Proprietor receives a new connection, based on our
hashing algorithm of source/destination IP a director is
chosen and a message is sent to the organizer to register
the new connection. If packet arrives at any unit other than
the owner then unit queries the director about which unit
is the owner so that forwarder can forward the packet to
the owner. A connection has only one Organizer. If an
Organizer fails, the owner chooses a new Organizer. Function of "Forwarder" is to forward packets to
Proprietor. If packet received by Forwarder doesn't own
by it, it goes ahead and queries the organizer for the
proprietor and then it establishes a connection with the
Proprietor so that Forwarder can forward packets received
by it in future. An Organizer can also be a forwarder. Let's
take an example, if a Forwarder receives a SYN-ACK
packet, it can derive the Proprietor directly from a SYN
cookie in the packet, so it does not need to query the
Organizer. There is a used case when TCP sequence
randomization is not enabled or disabled intentionally,
SYN Cookie is no longer useful and query to Organizer is
required. For short lived flows such as ICMP, DNS etc,
instead of querying, the forwarder immediately sends the
packet to the Organizer, which then sends them to the
Proprietor. A connection can have more than one
forwarder. A good load balancing algorithm is needed
where there are no forwarders and all packets of a
connection are received by the proprietor, our ECMP in
Spanned EtherChannel interface provides this. When a
new connection is directed to a member of the cluster via
load balancing, that unit owns both directions of the
connection. For any connection, if packets are arrived at a
different unit, they will be forwarded to the owner over
CCL (Cluster Control Link). If more optimization is
needed then an external load balancing needs to be in place
for both directions of the flow to arrive at the same unit, it
is redirected back to the original unit.

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/MessageFlowToPrimaryUnit.pdf}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Message Flow to Primary Unit
    }
    \label{fig:MessageFlowtoPrimaryUnit }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{figures/KeepAliveMessageFormat.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Keepalive Message format
    }
    \label{fig:KeepAliveMessageFormat }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{figures/UpperLayerConnectionInfo.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Upper Layer Connection Info
    }
    \label{fig:UpperLayerConnectionInfo}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/Algorithm2.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Hash Algorithm for Load Balancing
    }
    \label{fig:HashAlgo}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/DataPacketFlow.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Data Packet Flow
    }
    \label{fig:DataPacketFlow}
\end{figure}

\section{Data Flow}
Figure \ref{fig:DataPacketFlow} shows the data packet flow.
Proprietor role is assigned to unit that initially receives
the connection. The owner maintains the TCP state and
processes packets. A connection has only one owner. If the
original owner fails, then when new units receive packets will become Proprietor.
\begin{itemize}
    \item The SYN packet originates from the client and it is
delivered to one Unit (based on the load balancing mechanism). This unit becomes the Proprietor,
proprietor creates the flow, encodes owner
information into a SYN cookie, and forwards the
packet to the server.
    \item Since the forwarder doesn't own the connection, it
uses SYN cookie to decode the owner information,
it creates a forwarding flow to the owner, and
forwards the SYN-ACK to the Proprietor. The
Proprietor sends a state update to the Organizer, and
forwards the SYN-ACK to the client.
     \item  The Organizer receives the state update from the
Proprietor, creates a flow to the Proprietor, and
records the TCP state information as well as the
Proprietor. The Organizer acts as the backup owner
for the connection.

     \item After this any subsequent packets delivered to the
forwarder will be forwarded to the proprietor. If
packets are delivered to any additional unit then a
query to director is needed for the owner and to
establish a flow. Any state change for the flow result
will be a state update from the proprietor to
organizer.

    \item Unbalanced flow distributions resulted from load
balancing capabilities of the upstream and
downstream network can be mitigated by redirect
new TCP flows to the other units, this can be
configured while no existing flows will be moved to
the other units.
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{figures/ReplicationMessageFormat.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Replication message format
    }
    \label{fig:ReplicationMessageFormat }
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/IPLayerConnectionInfo.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{IP Layer connection info
    }
    \label{fig:IPLayerConnectionInfo }
\end{figure}

\chapter{Simulation Model}
We simulated wireless backhaul link by using CNET\cite{Simulator} (shown in figure \ref{fig:simulation-model}.
CNET use 5Ghz bandwidth.
CNET provides APIs (predefined) to set up its own simulation model.
We used customized parameters below for simulation.
\begin{itemize}
    \item 1472Bytes - MTU Size
    \item 1 - 2 Gbps Bandwidth
    \item 5GHz - WLAN Frequency
    \item 20dBm - WLAN Tx Power
    \item 10dBi - WLAN Tx Antenna Gain
    \item 10dBi - WLAN Rx Antenna Gain
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.65\linewidth]{figures/Simulator.pdf}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Simulation model
    }
    \label{fig:simulation-model}
\end{figure}

These tests are simulated while keeping some
parameters constant.
\begin{itemize}
    \item 80Mhz - Channel Width
    \item 2 (Number of Streams - 4) - No. of channels
    \item 30dBm - Tx Power
    \item 36dB - Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
    \item 0.5\% - Packet Error Rate (PER)
    \item (-17) - Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
    \item 8 - MCS Index
    \item 256QAM - Modulation Technique
\end{itemize}

PHY rates demonstrated how much ethernet frames can propagate through the wireless backhaul links in optimal conditions.
Additionally, MAC rates are more fair comparison to the TCP throughput than PHY rates.
We already mentioned in previous section about how MAC rates are calculated.
After changing PHY rates, we will note how MAC rates are changing as well.
This will demonstrate the real world scenario about MAC rates, depends on different RF condition.

We used iperf for performing TCP throughput test.
Iperf gives us mechanism to customzie our TCP parameters.
We will set our iperf
parameters as: number of TCP Connection – 50 and TCP Window size - 64K.
PHY Rates shows how much Ethernet frames can cross
the wireless link under optimal condition. However, MAC
rates are dependent on PHY Rates and can give us fair idea
of how TCP throughput varies. Formula for MAC rates:
\begin{equation}
MAC_T = PHY_T * Cycle_T * Efficiency_T
\end{equation}
Where:
Tx MAC Rates = MAC\textsubscript{T} \\
Tx PHY Rates = PHY\textsubscript{T} \\
MAC Duty Cycle = Cycle\textsubscript{T} \\
Tx MAC Efficiency = Efficient\textsubscript{T} \\
PHY\textsubscript{R} $*$ Cycle\textsubscript{R} $*$ Efficiency\textsubscript{R} = MAC\textsubscript{R} \\
Rx MAC Rates = MAC\textsubscript{R} \\
Rx PHY Rates = PHY\textsubscript{R} \\
Rx MAC Duty Cycle = Cycle\textsubscript{R} \\
MAC Efficiency = Efficiency \textsubscript{R} \\

A simple iperf test is performed to collect the TCP
throughput rates. Iperf provides room to define TCP
parameters. For the sake of simplicity, we will set our iperf
parameters as defined below:
\begin{itemize}
    \item Number of TCP Connection – 50 and TCP Window size - 64K
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.65\linewidth]{figures/MacRatesThroughputWithoutClustering.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{MAC Rates and Throughput without
Clustering
    }
    \label{fig:MACRatesThroughputWithoutClustering}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.65\linewidth]{figures/ThroughputWithClustering.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Throughput With Clustering
Clustering
    }
    \label{fig:ThroughputWithClustering}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.65\linewidth]{figures/ThroughputWithOneUnitRemoved.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{Throughput with one unit removed
    }
    \label{fig:ThroughputWithOneUnitRemoved}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.65\linewidth]{figures/LatencyFromPrimarytoSecondaries.png}
    \captionsetup{font=footnotesize}
    \caption{ Latency from primary to secondaries.
    }
    \label{fig:LatenciesFromPrimaryToSecondaries}
\end{figure}

\chapter{Conclusion}
With CNET APIs infrastructure, and changing duty cycle and efficiency, we could simulate the wireless backhaul links.
Different scenarios were taken into account.
Figures demonstrated that throughput increased.
Additionally, one unit was brought down and we could see the effect on throughput.
 In figure \ref{fig:MACRatesThroughputWithoutClustering}, MAC rates and throughput are shown. This
is without clustering and units are working independently
and transmission. These PHY rates are being used in the
rest of the test cases we captured. Individual units give
throughput around 0.8 to 1.3 Mbps. In figure \ref{fig:ThroughputWithClustering}, the throughput is with clustering when all units are working
together and projecting as a single logical unit. Figure \ref{fig:ThroughputWithOneUnitRemoved}
shows throughput when a single unit is removed. Figure \ref{fig:LatenciesFromPrimaryToSecondaries} results shows that throughput got increased
and latency was under 20 ms from primary to secondaries.
When we have one unit removed/failed the throughput got
decreased considerable.
Throughput shown in the result proves that with
clustering we have more resilient, robust, and highly
available solution for providing higher throughput. Even if
we have one unit removed, throughput doesn't decrease
significantly

\pagebreak

\nocite{*}
\bibliographystyle{unsrt}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Itacuphocera borgmeieri är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Guimaraes 1964. Itacuphocera borgmeieri ingår i släktet Itacuphocera och familjen parasitflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Parasitflugor
borgmeieri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Barry has devoted much of the last ten years researching managers' decision practices while completing a PhD in psychology in 2007 (University of Wollongong). His research has established the nature of biases evident in managers' decision-making and the impact of biased workplace imagery on their employment decisions.
He has completed many local and overseas consulting assignments with the Asian Development Bank in the Philippines (HR policy work), the UNDP in Malaysia (Government-Business delivery of education and training) and AusAid in Fiji (developing managers of promise).
Click here to view Barry's qualifications.


I am someone who enjoys nothing more than an evening spent sitting around a table with great friends and excellent food.
The aim of this blog is to provide you with recommendations for places to eat out, as well as warnings for where to avoid, and by using the drop down menus you can search either by type of cuisine, location or occasion. I don't eat out specifically to write a review, I just write about where I've been. Dinner With Jo is therefore just as much about restaurants that have been around for years as it is about brand new hotspots.
Please feel free to get in touch if you have any questions/thoughts/comments.


Back in November, I shared a recipe for Kare Kare Toasted Peanut Tofu & Vegetables, featuring Pulo Philippine Cuisine's cooking sauces. In that post, I highlighted Pulo's Kare Kare Toasted Peanut cooking sauce, and briefly mentioned their Coconut Adobo cooking sauce. I also promised to focus on their delicious marinades at a later date, which happens to be right now!
Pulo's marinades include Mango Chili, Pineapple Tamarind, and Lemongrass Atsuete. Today's recipe features the Lemongrass Atsuete marinade, inspired by Cebu Island.
There are dozens of ways to use Pulo's marinades, but the first thing that came to mind was a veggie loaded wrap with crispy marinated tofu and some sort of avocado dressing.
In the end, I settled on these Marinated Tofu Naan Wraps with Avocado Lime Slaw. Think flavourful marinated tofu, crispy crunchy slaw in a creamy, garlicky avocado dressing complete with a zesty kick of lime, all wrapped up in warm naan bread.
Is this traditional Philippine cuisine? Well, no. Is it still ridiculously delicious? YES!! That's just one of the many nice things about Pulo's sauces and marinades, you can use them for making traditional Filipino food, or you can get a little crazy, put your fusion chef hat on, and just go nuts!
Extra-firm tofu, marinated in Pulo's flavourful Lemongrass Atsuete marinade and cooked to caramelized perfection.
Crunchy carrot and cabbage slaw in a delicious creamy avocado dressing with plenty of garlic, a kick of lime, green onion, and a good handful of spinach for some extra green goodness.
All the toppings. I decided on thin-sliced red bell pepper, jalapeño rounds, green onion, lime juice, and just a touch of cilantro.
Top it all off with an extra drizzle of creamy green avocado sauce, and wrap it all up in some warm pillow-y soft naan bread.
In the sad event that you can't get your hands on Pulo products in your neck of the woods, (it's currently only available in Canada), you can still make something similar using one of my other tofu recipes like the one from my Chipotle Lemongrass Tofu Burger recipe, or something simpler like my Baked Sriracha & Soy Sauce Tofu. Easy peasy, and still totally delicious and satisfying. Enjoy!
This post is sponsored by Pulo Philippine Cuisine. We love them for their easy to prepare and 100% vegan cooking sauces and marinades. Thanks for supporting the brands that support I Love Vegan! Learn more about why we love Pulo Philippine Cuisine SO much at www.pulocuisine.com.
Flavourful marinated tofu, crispy crunchy slaw in a creamy, garlicky avocado dressing complete with a zesty kick of lime, all wrapped up in warm naan bread. Makes 3 large wraps.
Cut tofu into 1/4" thick slices. They can be cut into rectangles or triangles, just make sure they are a reasonably large size.
Combine 1/2 a bottle of Pulo's Lemongrass Atsuete marinade with 2 tbsp light soy sauce. Pour 1/3 of the marinade into the bottom of a shallow dish, layer the tofu into the container and cover with the rest of the marinade. Marinate in fridge for at least 4 hours or overnight.
Preheat 1/2 tbsp of neutral vegetable oil (olive, canola, etc.) in a large non-stick skillet, over medium high heat. Dab off most of the marinade (to prevent burning) and pan-fry in oil until browned and crisp. Flip, and brown the other side.
For extra flavourful tofu (recommended): Toss the tofu back into the leftover marinade and then transfer it back into the pan, toss gently and cook until the tofu is coated in a thick glaze. Set aside.
Combine all ingredients in a blender and blend until smooth. Taste and adjust salt, pepper, and lime juice to suit your preference.
Mix slaw and coarsley grated carrots with 3 tbsp of dressing, lime juice, and a pinch of salt.
Warm naan in microwave for 15-30 seconds, so it's just warm and easy to fold. Layer about 1/3 of the slaw down the center of a piece of naan, top with 1/3 of the marinated tofu, top with a drizzle of dressing, add any extra toppings you like (cilantro, green onion, red bell pepper, or sliced jalapeño.) Fold in both sides of the naan and secure with a toothpick if necessary. Enjoy!
This is the tofu of my dreams. I love that photo where it's cooking in the pan!
That tofu looks so good!
This wrap sounds delicious! I love pan-fried marinated tofu and that drizzle on top…yum!
Sounds and looks divine… One big problem.. Where do I find Pulos marinades?
Hm… This is my most recent info: Pulo Cuisine is available at Cost Plus World Market stores in the US Mainland. Not in Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico.
This is absolutely delicious. When I ask my sister what I should make, this is always on her mind. Thank you for such a refreshing recipe.
Oh I'm so glad to hear that! Thanks for commenting Tru!