Note: This interior review was created when the 2007 Dodge Nitro was new.
The interior of the 2007 Dodge Nitro strikes most reviewers as adequate, with some well-thought-out features, but also some cheap materials. "The interior styling is in line with that of recent Dodge vehicles and includes a perceptible amount of average-grade plastics," says Kelley Blue Book. Automobile Magazine offers a similar opinion, noting, "The Nitro's interior may mean well (clever packaging and a convenient layout are its strong points), but it also feels cheap enough that you find yourself wondering how long things will hold together."
The front seats and driving position are comfortable enough for most reviewers, but rear seat space is tight. The steering wheel tilts but does not telescope, while most competing vehicles do offer a telescoping steering wheel. A particularly well-liked feature is the cargo area, which features a slide-out tray that supports up to 400 pounds.
The driver's seat of the 2007 Nitro is well-received, though some had concerns about the small footwell. Edmunds reports that "the Nitro's front seats are comfortable (read: soft) and provide an upright driving position (which we like)." However, the Detroit News noticed "impeded leg room for the front passenger because of the location of the transmission tunnel." The upgraded leather seats impress some, with Cars.com commenting, "The leather-trimmed bucket seats are surprisingly soft; you sink into them rather than sit on top. The upper section of the backrests hit my shoulder blades uncomfortably, but otherwise the Nitro's front seats are easy to live with. More annoying are the impossibly small front footwells and the lack of a footrest for the driver's left foot."
Rear seat comfort is a concern for reviewers. "The second-row seat is a little uncomfortable on long hauls," complains the Detroit News, "and feels too much like a picnic bench." The Chicago Tribune elaborates: "What's a little surprising is that, despite 4 inches more than Liberty, Nitro's second-row seats don't have a lot of wiggle room. Good comfort up front, good stowage capacity in back, but none of those 4 inches was devoted to the comfort of those in the rear seat."
The 2007 Dodge Nitro includes a standard six-speaker AM/FM/CD Stereo with MP3 input. SLT and R/T models add steering-wheel mounted audio controls. An optional upgrade, however, captured the attention of many reviewers. The available MyGIG Multimedia Infotainment System stores up to 1,600 songs on a 20-gigabyte hard drive, offers navigation through a 6.5-inch screen that can also display photos and includes a USB port to allow easy upload of multimedia. It recognizes voice commands and can store voice recordings, and offers Bluetooth connectivity. Reviewers loved the system, including the Washington Post, which said, "It is the neatest, most useful infotainment system I've experienced in any car or truck at any price."
Dodge engineers put considerable thought into the cargo area of the Nitro, and though it isn't unusually large, most reviewers were very impressed with its functionality. Cars.com reports that "the Nitro has 32.1 cubic feet of cargo room behind the second-row seats, which is the same as the Ford Edge but smaller than both the RAV4 and Honda CR-V. Folding the rear seats brings 65.2 cubic feet of space and is a straightforward process that doesn't require the two rear head restraints to be removed." What most impresses reviewers, though, is the unique sliding load floor. "The floor can roll 18 inches, extends over the rear bumper and holds up to 400 pounds,"says the Detroit News. "This makes it easier to haul heavy items, such as air conditioners. Beneath the panel is a storage area that is big enough to hold a laptop computer or smaller items." The Washington Post also offers praise, noting, "Using it relieves the strain of lifting heavy packages and wrestling them into place behind the rear seats. Simply pull the tray forward, lift your goods, put them on the tray, and shove it and your packages neatly into place. Bingo!"


The Butterfly coil is a method used by climbers for carrying a rope, such that the rope remains attached to the climber and ready to be thrown or uncoiled. It is most useful when one can approach an anchor point without needing the coiled rope itself. It is also known as a Backpacker's coil.
Starting with the two free ends in your hands, take 1.5 to two arm lengths of rope and let the ends hang free. Now start coiling the rope one arm length at a time, each time placing the coiled rope into your hand in opposite directions. This means that the rope forms two separate "lobes" (or wings, hence the name). These lobes keep twists from forming in the rope. Once you reach the middle of the rope, just add it to the coil. Ideally you keep the end longer than the rest of the coils to mark it for later.
The alternate method of coiling starts with taking two arm lengths of rope as before. But instead of coiling the ropes in your hands, you loop it behind your neck and coil the rope back and forth behind your neck. Try to keep the middle longer as before.
In order to secure the coil wrap the ends around the top of the coil 1 or 2 times and pass a bight through the top of the coil. Finally, pass the two ends through this bight to secure the rope.
This completes the coil, but you can attach the rope to yourself with the following process. Take one end in each hand fairly near the coil. Place the coil behind you with an end going over each shoulder. Pass the ends under your armpits and cross them behind you and behind the coil. Join them in front of you with a square knot for a hands free method of carrying the rope.
↑ "Rock Seconding School Student Manual". July 2006. http://rss.cmcschools.org/manual.htm#standardsmiscellaneous. Retrieved 2006-10-19.
This page was last edited on 30 March 2007, at 22:05.


The sequel comes out this month. A demo is available now in the eShop that features content not in the final version of the game. Progress from the demo will transfer over to the full release of End Layer. Check out the story trailer above.


Meribel, Three Valleys, France: catered, sleeps up to 8 Quality, space, and spectacular views. This beautiful chalet has everything in abundance.
An inspired addition to our collection in 2009, Chalet Brenettes is already a firm favourite and feels like it has been part of the Ski Basics' family forever! Spectacular views from the south-facing balcony and a capacious yet welcoming living area combine to produce a really special chalet.
Whilst the chalet's great position guarantees ease of access to the slopes, you'll have no idea of your proximity to civilisation when you look out from any one of the bedrooms' balconies at the unobstructed Alpine tableau before you.
Your day starts with a good breakfast: fruit juice, cereals, a choice of cooked eggs, croissants, pains au chocolat, a choice of jams, yoghurts and baguettes straight from the local bakery, all served with tea, coffee and hot chocolate.
You return from the slopes to find a freshly baked cake, scones or home-made muffins laid out for you with a choice of teas, coffee and hot chocolate. Dinner is a carefully prepared three-course meal followed by coffee and mints, accompanied by our specially selected French wine.
At no extra cost, 'Kids Meals' are provided at 6pm. This is a menu devised specifically for children, which includes a combination of traditional home-cooked favourites and pudding treats. Please let us know prior to arrival, if you would like this service.
Food - continental breakfast served every day, 3 course evening meal served 6 days a week, or you can choose the 2 course version with cheeseboard if you prefer. Wine is included with the meal. You have 2 dedicated members of staff who will look after you.
Ski Equipment - book your equipment with Ski Basics and it will be delivered to your chalet and fitted by an expert fitter. Book in advance or when you arrive. Equipment will also be collected from the chalet when you leave - so you can avoid the ski shop queues completely. See our website for details and prices.
Ski passes - book in advance and ski passes will be delivered to you.
Nannies - for younger, non-skiing kids, we can arrange for fully qualified nannies to come to the chalet to look after them, so you can ski with complete peace of mind. Evening babysitters also available. Please see our site for prices and details.
Don't feel like walking? - Ski Basics drivers are on hand morning and afternoon to take you to the slopes and return you to the comfort of your chalet.
All 8 adults in the party had a great time and we all felt thoroughly spoilt by Sophie and Mike. We would all return and we would all recommend Ski Basics in the future.


text:
School of Applied Computing welcomes Dr Steve Mosey
Written by Sue Williams
The School of Applied Computing at Swansea has a new member of staff – Dr Steve Mosey.
He joins the team as Senior Lecturer in Electronics and Control, and will be teaching BEng and MEng Computer Systems & Electronics. His areas of expertise include Electronic Design, Mechanical Design-CAD, Mechanical Testing, Non-Destructive Testing, Software Engineering and Signal and Image Processing.
Dr Mosey, who was awarded a doctorate in 2013, has a long association with the University of Wales Trinity St David. In 2011 he was appointed Senior Research Associate in Non-Destructive Testing for the Faculty of Applied Design and Engineering, where he co-authored a number of papers on ultrasound procedures in collaboration with Dr Peter Charlton and Professor Ian Wells.
Dr Mosey then worked for TWI (Wales) in Port Talbot for several years before returning to UWTSD recently to take up his new role in SoAC.
His interests include playing the guitar and reading, and his new colleagues are particularly impressed with his excellent taste in T-shirts!
WIPO – Digital Creativity: Culture Reimagined
School of Applied Computing Goes Green

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Authentication dialog for URLDownload / URLSave Bug introduced in 11.0 and persists through 11.3
The original problem is was fixed in V11.2 but since then it returns File[path/to/file/that/does/not/exits] instead of 401 Failure/HTTPResponse like URLRead does.

CASE:3877019 - confirmed

The second one prompts the dialog:
URLRead["https://httpbin.org/status/401", Interactive -> False]

URLDownload["https://httpbin.org/status/401", Interactive -> False]

but both should return 401 HTTPResponse since

ref/URLDownload:
URLDownload takes the options as URLRead.
ref/URLRead
Interactive - True - whether to allow interactive authentication dialogs

Have I missed something? Is there a workaround?
It probably can be narrowed to URLSave broken for "DisplayProxyDialog" -> False, but this is undocumented so I can't complain.

related:
How to omit the authentification dialog during URLRead?
Inconsistent Authorization Dialog (401) handling

A: Before it is fixed one can use this quick workaround based on How to get StatusCode without fetching Body/Content in the background:
DialoglessURLDownload =  URLFetch[
    #, "StatusCode", Method -> "HEAD", "DisplayProxyDialog" -> False
] /. (200 :> URLDownload[##]) &

I've decided I will return the status code for any case that isn't 200, that is arguable but URLDownload itself gives non existing File[...] when it fails so I will not try to mimic wrong behavior. This at least gives you a possibility to react appropriately.
DialoglessURLDownload @ "https://httpbin.org/status/401"

401

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Artist Shelley Dieterichs uses her fun illustrated zoo animal alphabet letters to create adorable kids birthday cards. This Have an Amazing Birthday Card has an alligator wearing a party hat for the letter A on the front! There is a zoo animal alphabet birthday card for every letter in the alphabet – from A to Z – and these cards aren't just for kids – adults love sending the cards too!


text:
Trailer: "Sam & Kate"
At it's very core, the upcoming romantic comedy Sam & Kate is a family affair with legendary actors playing parents to their real kids. As Dustin Hoffman's character Bill plays the ailing father to Jack Hoffman's character Sam, Sissy Spacek's character Tina plays mother to her daughter Schuyler Fisk who in turn plays Sam's love interest Kate. The film is far from complex, seeing titular characters fall for each other in conjunction with Bill and Tina doing the same. But this feature directorial debut by Darren Le Gallo (who also wrote the script) conveys a sweetness that is rarely seen in cinematic romances these days. A simple, small town adventure of discovering (or rediscovering) love of another and love of life as the trailer indicates:
The film won't win any awards, despite having acclaimed actress Amy Adams serving as an executive producer, but perhaps it lacking lofty accolade-driven goals will work in it's favor to simply allow an entertaining tale of romance to bloom. In addition, there is enough appreciation for the film among it's creative forces that not only will it get a classic theatrical release on November 11th but will first premiere at the Austin Film Festival which runs from October 27th to November 3rd. This confidence to expose it to critics before the theatrical release and not releasing it simultaneously on streaming to secure more profit (a common practice for smaller indie films they days) also add reassurance. Here's hoping all signs point to a tender tale that is as rare these days as anything else. Stay tuned!


Space-Time Insight liberates companies in asset-intensive industries from a fragmented view of the big picture, providing the context and clarity they need to make fast, confident decisions. Using spatial, temporal and nodal analysis, our IoT-ready real-time visual analytics applications illuminate the what, where, when, why and how of every asset and situation. Space-Time Insight's award-winning situational intelligence software powers mission-critical systems for some of the largest companies around the world, including eight of the twenty largest US utilities. We partner with leaders in the industry including Accenture, Esri, IBM, NEC, OSIsoft, SAP, Siemens and Unicorn Systems. Space-Time Insight is privately held and based in San Mateo, CA. For more information, visit www.spacetimeinsight.com. Space-Time Insight is a registered trademark of Space-Time Insight Inc.


text:
Gift for: Steam
Firewatch Steam Gift GLOBAL
Firewatch is a single-player first-person mystery set in the Wyoming wilderness. The year is 1989. You are a man named Henry who has retreated from his messy life to work as afire lookout in the Wyoming wilderness. Perch ...
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Firewatch is a single-player first-person mystery set in the Wyoming wilderness.
The year is 1989. You are a man named Henry who has retreated from his messy life to work as afire lookout in the Wyoming wilderness. Perched high atop a mountain, it's your job to look for smoke and keep the wilderness safe. An especially hot, dry summer has everyone on edge. Your supervisor, a woman named Delilah, is available to you at all times over a small, handheld radio—your only contact with the world you've left behind. But when something strange draws you out of your lookout tower and into the world, you'll explore a wild and unknown environment, facing questions and making choices that can build or destroy the only meaningful relationship you have.
A Note: Firewatch is a video game about adults having adult conversations about adult things. If you plan on playing with a younger gamer, that might be good to know going in.
Living, breathing characters brought to life by Cissy Jones (The Walking Dead: Season 1) and Rich Sommer (Mad Men)
A spectacular wilderness environment by Olly Moss (Illustrator) and Jane Ng (The Cave, Brutal Legend)
A thrilling story and script by Sean Vanaman and Jake Rodkin (The Walking Dead: Season 1, Poker Night at the Inventory)
A stirring original soundtrack by Chris Remo (Gone Home)
Fluid first-person animation by James Benson (Ori & The Blind Forest)
Gameplay scripting and design work by Patrick Ewing (Twitter) and Nels Anderson (Mark of the Ninja)
Programming by Will Armstrong (Bioshock II) and Ben Burbank (Costume Quest 2, Space Base DF-9)
Warning! This product is region locked and CAN be activated and played in the following countries: Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Republic of, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Below are the minimum and recommended system specifications for Firewatch Steam Gift GLOBAL. Due to potential programming changes, the minimum system requirements for Firewatch Steam Gift GLOBAL may change over time.
ProcessorIntel Core 2 Duo 2.33 GHz
Graphics512 MB
Memory2 GB
SystemWindows 7 64Bit


Our Inn is located in the small village of Jebsheim.
The typical new house and can accommodate up to 10 people in comfort and tranquility perfect in order to recharge before starting to discover this beautiful region with many facets.
Really placed in the heart of Alsace, this is the ideal central point to visit within an hour, all the sights of this beautiful region.
Want to visit Strasbourg, Colmar or Mulhouse, or rather a small authentic village of vineyards, or a stroll in the Vosges mountains and lakes?
... No worries, but do not forget to taste our famous wines and regional dishes.
the 10 digits starting with (0).


Indiabulls AMC has come up with a unique platform for investing your savings in Indiabulls liquid fund through mobile app named Indiabulls Saral. The Saral App allows you as an investor, to park your savings into Indiabulls Liquid Fund with just a swipe and gives you extra returns. With this app, you can invest and withdraw your fund anytime anywhere.
With the Saral App, you can invest your money in Indiabulls Liquid Funds through a hassle-free process.
With the Saral App, you can invest and withdraw funds instantly with just a swipe. This helps you get access to your investments anytime anywhere. The app is one of the best liquid fund app with a user-friendly dashboard.
Investing in Indiabulls Liquid Fund with Saral app is completely secure. The liquid fund offers better returns on your savings with high liquidity & low volatility of the principal invested.
Invest in Indiabulls Liquid Funds with as low as ₹ 1000/- only. You can continue to add more savings to the same folio as per your choice. The more you invest, the better returns you will earn on your liquid fund investments.
Indiabulls Saral provides you with multiple online payment modes like UPI, net banking, & debit card for liquid fund investments.
There is no Lock-in period for your investments. Saral App allows you to invest your money as per your needs. There is no penalty and you get an instant-redemption facility.
To open a folio with the Saral App you do not have to submit any hard copies of the documents. It is a paperless investment platform with fully digital KYC process which helps you to start investing in just a few minutes.
Congratulations Folio created. You can now start investing & earning!
If you are a first-time mutual fund investor (Non-KYC), then you would be required to upload a few documents and do a video call with our representative via the Saral app for in-person verification.
**Interest Rate offered by Public Sector Bank: 3.5% p.a. for an amount of upto 1 Crore as on December 24, 2018.
Investor should consult their financial advisor if not clear about the suitability of the product.
Click Here - Performance of the other schemes managed by the fund manager.


text:
New, hydrating seed oil and the acquisition of big AI player
by Simon Pitman, Editor, Journalist, Communication Specialist
In Haircare, Ingredients & Formulation, Perfume & Fragrance, Skincare, Toiletries.
Want to stay in the know when it comes to cosmetic ingredients? Delve into our bi-weekly round-up of the latest ingredients news and what that might mean for the industry.
Givaudan acquires AI player Myrissi
Givaudan says it is taking its fragrance development to the next step with the acquisition of artificial intelligence players Myrissi. Founded in 2014, Myrissi has developed a technology that is capable of translating a fragrance into colour patterns images, a technology that is both relevant to consumers and also helps to predict the end consumer's emotional response.
This link between colours, emotions and fragrances has been modelled on research based on over 25,000 consumer tests, allowing the team at Myrissi to develop a system that echoes consumers' marketing briefs. In recent years, one of the most crucial elements of engaging consumers in fragrance has been to connect with the consumer on an emotional level, which in turn enhances interest and even loyalty to a specific fragrance. According to fragrance developers at Givaudan, the emotional response is so important that consumers can reject specific fragrances if sensory messages are not perfectly consistent. However, when the message is correct, this can result in the signature of the fragrance and the brand identity being amplified, helping the consumer
"The acquisition of Myrissi is aligned with our long term Fragrance & Beauty strategy; their expertise in AI will support us in proposing to our customers new visual and verbal storytelling approaches to consumers," said Maurizio Volpi, President Givaudan Fragrance & Beauty.
"This is particularly important in a time when e-commerce is booming. Our mission will be to support our customers to evoke the smell of their products in the most inspiring way, helping consumers to choose the product that best fits their preferences."
Study confirms skin hydration effect of moringa seed oil
A new study by researchers in Thailand has shown that moringa oleifera seed oil does have skin hydration enhancing properties, combined with having a significant antioxidant impact. Researchers at the Srinakharinwirot University, Chiang Mai University and Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, conducted a study using a testing cream on 32 individuals and found that skin hydration levels increased by up to 85% over a four week period.
The tests required the individuals to apply a 0.2g dosing of moringa seed oil in a cream to the arm twice a day, alongside a control cream. Tests were then carried out once a week to determine skin hydration, erythema (redness), melanin levels and elasticity.
The research found that skin hydration increased at the end of each week that analysis was carried out, with skin hydration improving by 16% in the first week, 76% by the second week, and 77% in the third week, before reaching the 85% hydration increase in the fourth week.
The skin redness caused by erythema was also significantly reduced, with the inflammation and irritation associated with the condition clearly easing and demonstrating anti-oxidant effects. On the other hand, the tests showed no signs of having any skin lightening or brightening properties, a claim that is particularly popular for skin products marketed in the Asia Pacific region.
The skin irritation test showed that there was no significant or detectable impact on the skin, while the anti-inflammatory properties seen in the reduction of skin redness suggests that it has a soothing effect. Researchers also reported that the participants in the test said that they preferred the colour, smoothness and skin hydration effect of the moringa seed oil to the control cream, while absorption, odour and spreadability of the two were very comparable.
Colonial Chemical launches natural-based surfactant
ColaMate LA-40 is a natural-based surfactant from Colonial Chemical that is derived from lauryl alcohol.
According to the development team, it is more than 45% vegetable-derived thanks to the fact that the lauryl alcohol that forms the basis of the ingredient is of vegetable origin. ColaMate LA-40 is said to be sulfate-free, ethoxylate-free, and 1,4 dioxane-free, claims that make it ideal for a range of natural-based and sulfate-free formulations.
The development team has worked towards creating an ingredient that is very dense and provides good foaming properties when combined with a range of personal care cleansers, while also being mild on the eye and good for sensitive skin types. Of specific interest to formulators, unlike some sulfosuccinates, it is said to provide good viscosity response when formulated with other anionics and is also suitable for clear formulations.
Complying with North American, EU, Australia and China regulatory bodies, it is said to be long-lasting, have a talc-like after-feel, has a light colour with no odour and is compatible with a range of surfactants. It is suitable for a range of formulations, including shampoos, bubble baths, body washes and gels, face washes and hand soaps.
Want more ingredients insights? Find out about the latest ingredient assessment app.
Tagged acquisition, artificial intelligence, Natural, seed oil.
Simon Pitman, Editor, Journalist, Communication Specialist
Simon Pitman established his career as a business journalist 25 years ago. He is the founding editor of the Cosmetics Design B2B business journals, which continue to be the leading beauty and personal care news source worldwide. For almost two decades Simon has been focused on what makes the industry tick, uncovering the latest technologies and product launches, as well as the newest trends to impact this fast paced industry. He is also a veteran of the in-cosmetics Group events, and having attended every one of the shows worldwide he has developed a deep knowledge about everything pertaining to cosmetics formulation.
Previous: How an increased demand for hygiene products is presenting new opportunities in personal care
Next:Skin protection trends in India


text:
SBU News > Stony Brook Matters > Alumni Events > Celebrating 20 Years of Swartz Mind Brain with Alan Alda, Eric Kandel and Jim Simons
Alumni EventsOn CampusStony Brook Matters
Celebrating 20 Years of Swartz Mind Brain with Alan Alda, Eric Kandel and Jim Simons
Special Event Scheduled for Monday, April 4, 4 pm, Staller Center
Stony Brook University is proud to celebrate 20 years of bringing the brightest minds in brain research to Long Island with its upcoming Mind/Brain event on Monday, April 4. Actor/director and science advocate Alan Alda will lead a discussion with Nobel Laureate Eric Kandel and renowned mathematician Jim Simons on the dynamic relationship between mathematics and neuroscience and why it may be the key to solving the mind's most puzzling mysteries. This is the first time these three giants of science have appeared together.
This special event, hosted by the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and sponsored by the Swartz Foundation, is intended for a general audience. Admission is free but seating is limited so please arrive early.
Alan Alda, acclaimed actor, writer and director, is a visiting professor at the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science, where he helps current and future scientists learn to communicate more clearly and vividly with the public. For 13 years he was the host of the PBS series Scientific American Frontiers. After interviewing hundreds of gifted scientists around the world, he became convinced that many researchers have wonderful stories to tell but need to learn how to tell them better. That realization inspired the creation of Stony Brook University's multidisciplinary Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science in 2009. Earlier this year the National Academy of Sciences presented Alda with its 2016 Public Welfare Medal for his contributions to communicating science.
Eric Kandel, MD, is University Professor and Fred Kavli Professor, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; founding director of the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia; and Senior Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is director of the Kavli Institute for Brain Science and co-director of the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute. He was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. Kandel is the first author of a best-selling text for the study of Neuroscience: Principles of Neural Science, first published in 1981 and now in it's fifth edition. He reached a broad general audience with his 2006 book In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind, and most recently through his latest book, The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind, and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present.
Jim Simons, PhD, is chair of the Simons Foundation, and founder and board chair of Renaissance Technologies LLC, a highly quantitative investment firm from which he retired in 2009 after serving as its CEO for more than 30 years. Previously he was chairman of the Department of Mathematics at Stony Brook University. Earlier in his career he was a cryptanalyst at the Institute for Defense Analyses in Princeton, New Jersey, and taught mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. He is also the founder and chairman of Math for America, a nonprofit organization with a mission to improve math education significantly in our nation's public schools.
About the Lecture Series
The Mind/Brain Lecture series was founded in 1996 by Jerry Swartz, co-founder of Symbol Technologies and an Emeritus Trustee of the Stony Brook Foundation. He initiated the series with the goal of bringing research in neuroscience to the general public. In doing so, he also brought the new field of computational neuroscience to the forefront.
"This series was very forward thinking of Dr. Swartz," said Lorna Role, chair, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior. "Computational neuroscience was an up and coming area 20 years ago and he committed to it before it was widely accepted. He raised awareness to the importance of this field and its impact on brain research."
For more on the history of Mind/Brain or the Swartz Foundation, visit stonybrook.edu/mindbrain.
To view this lecture from your office or home, visit stonybrook.edu/live.
Kids Pick Finalists in Alan Alda's Flame Challenge, Including SBU Researcher
Stony Brook's Alan Alda and Scientific American Editor-in-Chief Mariette DiChristina Kick-off Free Live-Streamed Web Series for Scientists
Alda Center Sponsors Science Haiku Competition
On CampusSustainability
Make an Impact: Give Clean Water, Track Your Footprint and Stay Hydrated
The Office of Sustainability and the Faculty Student Association (FSA) have partnered to launch a new sustainability program called Fill it Forward. The Fill it Forward program offers free cup tags to students to...
Arts & EntertainmentEventsOn Campus
Annual Messiah Sing-Along Concert is December 9
Members of the University Orchestra with solo vocalists and conductors will present the annual Messiah Sing-Along concert on Sunday, December 9, at 3 pm in Staller Center's Recital Hall. The audience is the chorus in...
Alumni Hottest StoriesAwards and HonorsFaculty/Student SpotlightsRecent GradsStony Brook MattersStudentStudent Spotlight
14 SBU Students Honored by SUNY for Academic Excellence and Leadership
State University of New York Chancellor Kristina M. Johnson presented 14 Stony Brook University students with the 2019 Chancellor's Award for Excellence on April 24. The Stony Brook students receiving the 2019...
Upcoming Art Exhibit Reflects on Contemporary Life in Senegal


It's logical to say that persistent stress or fatigue can be a warning sign for a serious health problem; including diabetes, obesity, hypertension and heart disease.
So first, sit down with your doctor and get some bloodwork done.
In the meantime, I want to share info on a supplement that can help with stress, aging, inflammation, memory, heart and possibly more.
what you eat may actually help you find relief.
So lets talk about polyphenols...just what are they?
especially during periods of stress.
 certain beverages such as tea, coffee, and red wine.
There is growing evidence emerging for their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Although most plant polyphenols possess remarkable health benefits, they are relatively difficult for your body to absorb. However, the unique polyphenols found in pomegranate, called punicalagins, are 100% water soluble and show an amazingly efficient 95% absorption rate.
for heart, cancer, inflammation & more!
Pomegranate has anticancer benefits that are both aggressive (suppressing and even killing cancerous cells) and compassionate (little to no effect on healthy cells).
Pomegranate's polyphenols may interfere with the oxidation that damages the coronary arteries, as well as the oxidation of LDL cholesterol into the plaque that stiffens and pinches coronary vessels and causes high blood pressure and heart attacks.
foranti-aging benefits, boosting memory and brain function.
and protecting the eyes from cataracts and glaucoma.
Blueberries – Contain antioxidants and vitamin C, both of which help to lower stress.
Blueberries contain antioxidants, which work to neutralize free radicals linked to the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other age-related conditions.
Blueberry benefits include the potential to fight cancer, lose weight, aging and for better skin.
They are a "powerhouse" when it comes to health benefits.
So can you eat enough of these beneficial fruits in one day?


text: Q: React Build folder not building I have a simple project that I am working on. I run the 'npm run build' command on my terminal, and even though I don't get any errors, I cannot find the build folder anywhere. I don't understand what's going on & I'd appreciate any help offered. Thanks in advance this is what's displayed on terminal here is the continuation


Xiamen Grace Solar Technology Co., Ltd. as a company is devoted to "renewable energy investment, engineering PV power station service, photovoltaic power station construction scheme and the whole product."
Grace Solar devote ourselves to research, design, manufacture and sell the steady, trustable and cost-efficient solar PV mounting system solutions. As a pioneering solar products exporter, Grace Solar products have been installed in more than 100 countries and regions since its establishment.


5 · Where it's Snowing Money · J. Murray Smith · ar; about ski-jumping.
8 · Bun and the Angel [Bun Browne] · Christine Jope-Slade · ss; first in series about a mischievous boy.
7 · The Water-Gypsies' Warning · W. J. Passingham · ar; about Britain's canals.
32 · May Day! · R. Stephen Brown · ar; the log of an air-liner radio pilot.
Details supplied by Bob Adey & Mike Ashley.
28 · When Worlds Collide [Part 14 of 17] · Edwin Balmer & Philip Wylie · n. The Blue Book Magazine Sep 1932 (+5); this episode sub-titled "The Secret Enemy".
5 · The People on the Ice · Anon. · ar; about how the survivors of the S.S. Cheluskin existed amongst the Arctic Ice.
5 · Mr. Gaskin Sees It Coming · Barré Lyndon · ss; fantasy: following an accident a man can foresee events.
13 · Off Duty · Anthony Skene · ss; crime story.
20th Birthday Spring Double Number. Details supplied by Bob Adey & Mike Ashley.
9 · Roads Safe for You · Frank D. Long & B. L. Jacot · ar [George Bernard Shaw; Leslie Hore-Belisha, M.P.]; the views of George Bernard Shaw (interviewed by Long) and Leslie Hore-Belisha, M.P. (interviewed by Jacot).
15 · It's an Old English Custom! · Anon. · ar; photographic article.
60 · Riding for a Fortune · Anon. · ar; half a page only.
78 · When Worlds Collide [Part 17 of 17] · Edwin Balmer & Philip Wylie · n. The Blue Book Magazine Sep 1932 (+5); sub-titled "The Defeat of the Midianites". Final episode.
7 · Room Number Four [Part 2 of 7] · Will Scott · sl; sub-titled "The Missing Parson".
28 · Room Number Four [Part 3 of 7] · Will Scott · sl; episode sub-titled "Miss Willow to the Rescue".
16 · Private Lives: Alfred Duff-Cooper · Anon. · ar; this is no longer attributed to "Private Secretary".
22 · The Terrible 15th of April · Commander Lightoller · ts; about the Titanic by the only surviving officer.
26 · Room Number Four [Part 4 of 7] · Will Scott · sl; sub-titled "Woman in the Case".
24 · Room Number Four [Part 5 of 7] · Will Scott · sl; sub-titled "A Trap for John Fenwick".
7 · The Man with Dangerous Eyes · Barré Lyndon · ss; fantasy: a man who can levitate objects.
16 · Broken Spectacles · W. A. Sweeney · ss; crime story.
24 · Room Number Four [Part 6 of 7] · Will Scott · sl; sub-titled "The Squeaking Door".
"Summer & Jubilee Double Number". Details supplied by Mike Ashley.
67 · Murderers Fight the Microscope · Edwin T. Woodhall · ar; about scientific detection.
10 · The Invisible Music Hall · K. C. Spiers · ar; about television.
14 · Alone in the House · W. A. Sweeney · ss; a mock-ghost story.
5 · 15 Young Men from the South · I. A. R. Peebles · ar; about South Africa's cricketers.
13 · Private Lives: The Very Kind Archbishop · Anon. · ar [Arthur Hinsley]; about the Archbishop of Westminster.


Lay Weeders enjoy beautifying the Cathedral Grounds. All are welcome to join this group of outdoor garden workers! We meet about six times a year on Saturday mornings to weed, trim, mulch, plant beautiful flowers, and enjoy each other's company. Our mission is to reflect the love and welcome of our people inside the beautiful Cathedral on the outside. On most Saturday workdays a Cathedral angel provides lunch for everyone!


Luggage holds vary in size and shape from helicopter to helicopter but one similarity all helicopters have, is the limited amount of space available for passenger luggage. It is in our best interests and yours that we supply you with as much detail about the luggage capacities of the particular helicopter that you have decided to travel in.
In an effort to brief you better on each type capabilities we provide you with pictures of the actual luggage fitted on the specific helicopter and pictures of each helicopters luggage compartment.
As a clear guideline – each passenger should not be carrying more than ONE MEDIUM SIZED SPORTS HOLDALL. Helicopters do not cater for hard cases/bags for example 'Samsonite' cases.
In any case there also wait limitations and as a rule of thumb you should allow 15 kg for each passenger.
If you wish for your luggage to be transported in the helicopter with you, you will need to use soft bags that can be squashed into the small luggage compartments. If you have excess luggage alternative arrangements will need to be organized.
For the Heliski transfers most of the helicopters utilized are equipped with external basket where skies- snowboards and luggage can carried.
How the Empty Seat program works?


text:
Q: 2D clip area to shape I'm quite new to graphics in java and I'm trying to create a shape that clips to the bottom of another shape. Here is an example of what I'm trying to achieve:

Where the white line at the base of the shape is the sort of clipped within the round edges.
The current way I am doing this is like so:
g2.setColor(gray);
Shape shape = getShape(); //round rectangle
g2.fill(shape);
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(shape.getBounds().x, shape.getBounds().y, width, height - 3);
Area area = new Area(shape);
area.subtract(new Area(rect));
g2.setColor(white);
g2.fill(area);

I'm still experimenting with the clip methods but I can't seem to get it right. Is this current method ok (performance wise, since the component repaints quite often) or is there a more efficient way?

A:
Is this current method ok (performance wise, since the component repaints quite often) ..

Subtracting shapes is how I'd go about it. The objects could be a few instances or (possibly) a single instance that is transformed as needed.

*A text demo., using scaling & fading.

*Here's one with simple lines (..and dots, ..and it is animated).

Of course, if the image is purely additive, use a BufferedImage as the canvas & display it in a JLabel/ImageIcon combo.  As in both of those examples.

A: I think your original idea about using the clip methods was the right way to do it.  This works for me:
static void drawShapes(Graphics2D g, int width, int height,
    Shape clipShape) {

    g.setPaint(Color.BLACK);
    g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

    g.clip(clipShape);

    int centerX = width / 2;
    g.setPaint(new GradientPaint(
        centerX, 0, Color.WHITE,
        centerX, height, new Color(255, 204, 0)));

    g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

    g.setPaint(Color.WHITE);
    int whiteRectHeight = height * 4 / 5;
    g.fillRect(0, whiteRectHeight,
        width, height - whiteRectHeight);
}


text:
Rockin' Robin
2 Rockin' Robin Height, Weight & Measurements
4 Rockin' Robin Net Worth
5 Rockin' Robin Social Network
6 Timeline of Rockin' Robin
Rockin' Robin was born on 9 October, 1964 in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, is an American professional wrestler. Discover Rockin' Robin's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Learn How rich is She in this year and how She spends money? Also learn how She earned most of networth at the age of 56 years old?
Zodiac Sign Libra
Born 9 October 1964
Birthday 9 October
Birthplace Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 9 October.
She is a member of famous Wrestler with the age 56 years old group.
Rockin' Robin Height, Weight & Measurements
At 56 years old, Rockin' Robin height is 1.7 m .
She is currently single. She is not dating anyone. We don't have much information about She's past relationship and any previous engaged. According to our Database, She has no children.
Husband Not Available
Rockin' Robin Net Worth
She net worth has been growing significantly in 2018-19. So, how much is Rockin' Robin worth at the age of 56 years old? Rockin' Robin's income source is mostly from being a successful Wrestler. She is from . We have estimated Rockin' Robin's net worth, money, salary, income, and assets.
Source of Income Wrestler
Rockin' Robin Social Network
Twitter Rockin' Robin Twitter
Wikipedia Rockin' Robin Wikipedia
Timeline of Rockin' Robin
In 2005, Smith's home and all of her belongings were destroyed by Hurricane Katrina. During the aftermath of the hurricane, she stayed with family in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She now runs a real estate appraisal business in Hammond, Louisiana.
In the United States, Smith defeated Peggy Lee Leather for the Ladies Major League Wrestling's International Championship. She still occasionally defended the WWF Women's Championship, even though the title was officially declared vacant by the World Wrestling Federation. In May 1991 she defended the WWF Women's Championship against "Japanese Women's Champion" Madusa Miceli on a Great Lakes Wrestling Association event. On June 9, 1991, she defeated Candi Devine in Herb Abrams's Universal Wrestling Federation to become the first UWF Women's Champion at UWF Beach Brawl. She also competed in the Ladies Professional Wrestling Association (LPWA), forming a tag team with Wendi Richter. She competed at LPWA's only pay-per-view, LPWA Super Ladies Showdown.
Unlike some former WWF wrestlers, Smith was able to continue using her ring name after leaving the company because she owned the rights to it. In 1990, wrestler Hiro Matsuda, who had feuded with her father in the 1960s, picked Smith to tour for All Japan Women's Pro Wrestling. In Japan, Smith teamed with Luna Vachon. The Japanese bookers gave the girls a positive review for their work with the company.
After leaving the WWF in 1990, Smith was married to a man named Harvey Zitron. Zitron was sentenced to 81 months in federal prison for 10 counts of filing false tax returns, identity theft and access device fraud. After divorcing, she moved to Louisiana and opened a telemarketing company that sold industrial chemicals and precious metals. Later, she opened a real estate appraisal business. During this time, Smith had a drinking problem but eventually was able to quit altogether.
On October 7, 1988, she defeated Sensational Sherri, who had held the title for fifteen months prior, for the Women's Championship in Paris. At the Royal Rumble in 1989, she defended the title against Judy Martin. Smith defended the belt against Martin for the first six months of 1989. In the meantime, at WrestleMania V, she sang "America the Beautiful" to open the show. Smith continued to defend the Women's title against Martin throughout the summer of 1989. She held the championship until 1990, when she left the company. At that time, the title was retired by the WWF due to inactivity. Smith is still in possession of the title belt. The title remained inactive until 1993.
Smith grew up in a wrestling family and enjoyed going to wrestling shows, where she claims she and her siblings were treated like celebrities. Smith later decided to become a professional wrestler and trained, along with her sister-in-law Nickla Roberts (known by her ring name Baby Doll), under Nelson Royal. During 1987, Smith competed as Rockin' Robin in Wild West Wrestling, where she feuded with Debbie Combs and Sue Green. When the WWF decided to restart their women's division in the late 1980s, both women tried out for the company, but the role ultimately went to Smith. Smith, as Rockin' Robin, debuted in the WWF in late 1987. She competed at the first Survivor Series as a member of The Fabulous Moolah's team. Throughout 1988, she feuded with Sensational Sherri for the WWF Women's Championship.
Smith and her brother Sam Houston are the children of Aurelian "Grizzly" Smith and were born after his first marriage dissolved. Her half-brother is Jake "The Snake" Roberts, who was born during their father's first marriage. Robin and her brothers all wrestled in the WWF at the same time in the 1980s, but their relationship was never mentioned on-screen at the request of Robin. Author and former National Wrestling Alliance president Howard Brody alleges in his book Swimming with Piranhas that Robin was a victim of sexual abuse at the hands of her father. According to Brody, Robin was removed from her father's care when her mother discovered what had been happening.
Robin Denise Smith (born October 9, 1964), better known by her ring name Rockin' Robin, is an American former professional wrestler. As the daughter of Aurelian "Grizzly" Smith, she is a second-generation wrestler. Her brother Sam Houston and half-brother Jake "The Snake" Roberts are also wrestlers. Smith worked for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in the 1980s. She held the WWF Women's Championship from October 1988 until it was retired in 1990. She then worked on the independent circuit.
Carlos Negron
Mario Mancini
Rikishi
Masaaki Satake
Zhang Dequn


text:
Q: iOS - How to record a video using a bluetooth headset as audio input? I'm trying to record a video using DIYCam and setting the audio route for a bluetooth headset as audio input, but seems like the routing isn't working. As I understand, I just need to route the audio input to my bluetooth headset, and I don't need to change anything about DIYCam, am I right? Here is my code:
When the view is loading I create the DIYCam instance:
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.

    [self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:YES];

    self.camera = [[DIYCam alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
    self.camera.delegate = self;
    [self.camera setupWithOptions:nil]; // Check DIYAV.h for options
    [self.camera setCamMode:DIYAVModeVideo];
    [self.view addSubview:self.camera];
    [self.view sendSubviewToBack:self.camera];

    if( self.bluetoothInput ) {
        [self setBluetoothAudioInput];
    }
}

This is my bluetooth routing function:
- (void)setBluetoothAudioInput
{
    // create and set up the audio session
    AVAudioSession* audioSession = [AVAudioSession sharedInstance];
    [audioSession setDelegate:self];
    [audioSession setCategory:AVAudioSessionCategoryRecord error:nil];
    [audioSession setActive:YES error:nil];

    // set up for bluetooth microphone input
    UInt32 allowBluetoothInput = 1;
    OSStatus stat = AudioSessionSetProperty (
                                             kAudioSessionProperty_OverrideCategoryEnableBluetoothInput,
                                             sizeof (allowBluetoothInput),
                                             &allowBluetoothInput
                                             );
}

And these are the IBActions for starting and stoping:
- (IBAction)startRecording:(id)sender
{
    [self.camera startSession];
    [self.camera captureVideoStart];
}

- (IBAction)stopRecording:(id)sender
{
    [self.camera captureVideoStop];
    [self.camera stopSession];
}

A: I believe you need to have the user manually set what input device to use for audio.  I just had a similar issue and used an MPVolumeView with the showsVolumeSlider boolean set to NO.  This provides a clickable button to set the desired input from a list of available ones.
Check out:
AudioSession input from bluetooth output to line out or speaker

A: try this:
[[AVAudioSession sharedInstance] setCategory:AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord withOptions:AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionAllowBluetooth error:nil];


text:
It Took Tom Brady Exactly 5 Words to Teach a Major Lesson in Emotional Intelligence
Whether you make a crushing mistake or do something great, these five little words can make all the difference in the world.
By Justin BarisoAuthor, EQ Applied@JustinJBariso
Tom Brady (center foreground).
It's that time of year again. You know, the time where we say the following words:
Tom Brady and the New England Patriots are going back to the Super Bowl.
Love him or hate him, you can't deny the success of the Patriots' star quarterback. Despite being way past his prime and one of the NFL's oldest players (at 41 years old), Brady just secured a starting spot in his ninth Super Bowl.
That's not only the most appearances by any single player, it's also more than any other NFL franchise.
The Patriots are in this position because they're peaking at just the right time. This was no more evident than last night, when Brady led his team to yet another game-winning drive, this time in overtime, against the team many thought had the best chance of taking the Patriots out--the Kansas City Chiefs.
In his postgame press conference, Brady was like a kid in a candy store, barely able to hold his excitement.
"How do you do it?" reporters wanted to know. "How do you manage to stay so calm in the biggest moments?"
Here's how he responded:
"Part of playing sports is just staying in the moment. You know, we always say 'one play at a time.' You can't make up for things that have happened in the past. You've just got to think about what you're going to do moving forward."
One play at a time.
You might think this is nothing more than an age-old sports cliché. But you'd be wrong.
Because these five simple words actually make up a core tenet of emotional intelligence. And they can make all the difference between sustained success and complete and utter failure.
The exceeding value of focusing on the moment
Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, understand, and manage emotions. Put simply, it's making emotions work for you, instead of against you.
So how can the philosophy of "one play at a time" help you exercise your emotional intelligence?
Legendary Duke Blue Devils coach Mike Krzyzewski (affectionately known as Coach K) once broke down the power of this type of focus, which he describes as "next play":
"No matter what has just happened, I've gotta be really good in the next thing," said Krzyzewski. "I can't let a failure, like I just missed a shot, impact my defense the next time I'm on the court. Nor can I, if I hit something good, get so caught up in it that I'm celebrating, that I don't do [what I need to do]."
He continued, "In other words, how do I stay balanced? How do I stay me throughout this whole thing?"
"It keeps your emotions in check," says Krzyzewski.
Taking one play at a time doesn't mean that you don't learn from your mistakes, or that you never celebrate your successes.
In contrast, it means not letting those mistakes and successes define you.
And continuing to move forward, instead of living in the past.
For example, focusing on the moment helped Brady keep his head in last night's game, with enough presence of mind to lead what seemed like his millionth game-winning drive, despite throwing more interceptions in the game than he did touchdowns (including a heart-breaking pick at the goal line, early in the game).
It also helped the New England Patriots stay hungry for success, which is not so easy to do when you've already appeared in half of all Super Bowls for the past two decades.
And it's gotten this team right back to the big game, for the third year in a row, despite losing to the upstart Philadelphia Eagles in last year's championship and being counted out by many for much of this season.
So, whether you've just made a crushing mistake and you're tempted to head down the rabbit hole of despair, or you've done something great and you begin to feel your motivation slipping away, take a page out of Tom Brady's playbook.
And remember the five little words that can make all the difference in the world.
Published on: Jan 21, 2019


This image gallery named as Kitchen Bathroom Remodeling Contractor New Life Bath might be ideal solution for your decoration. As the author has insert this image into Kitchen Bath Design post section, would ease you to find the perfect match of you decor desire.
Even when your kitchen design bathroom remodeling contractor new life bath is small, then you can't forfeit the number of storage you've got. To be certain you will have enough cabinets for all your kitchen utensils, make sure the upper cabinets are long. You might need a stool to accomplish for the upper cupboards, but your kitchen is clean.
White kitchen design bathroom remodeling contractor new life bath cupboard design was popular currently. When white cabinets are put in the kitchen, this provides ideal specification details. This cabinet can be made by utilizing different materials. One of the popular substances is iron. The iron could be mixed by strong wood to make a different view. White kitchen cabinets are probably blended by dark hardwood color. Even the elegancy of white cupboard design is reflected by its amazing versions. There are many versions and designs including easy, luxury, contemporary, and contemporary designs.


text:
Medical evacuations out of the U.S. Central Command, active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2018
Airmen from the 19th Medical Group litter-carry a simulated patient onto a C-130J during an aeromedical evacuation training mission at Little Rock Air Force Base in 2019. (U.S. Air Force photo)
5/1/2019 By: Compiled by AFHSB Staff
What Are the New Findings?
The number of medical evacuations for battle injuries has decreased considerably since 2014. Most medical evacuations in 2018 were attributed to mental health disorders, followed by non-battle injury/poisoning; signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions; musculoskeletal disorders; and digestive system disorders.
What Is the Impact on Readiness and Force Health Protection?
Medical evacuations have a significant impact on military readiness because of loss of personnel and the resultant effects on unit cohesion and mission effectiveness. In addition, the costs of medical evacuations related to non-battle injuries are considerable. Military medical providers should continue to apply pre-deployment screening processes to optimize service members' medical and psychological fitness to deploy.
Although there have been substantial reductions in combat operations taking place in the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) area of responsibility (AOR) in Southwest Asia,1–5 the number of service members deployed to the CENTCOM AOR is still significant. Reports indicate that there are currently about 14,000 to 15,000 service members in Afghanistan for Operation Resolute Support and another 2,000 reinforcing the Syrian Democratic Forces.6–8 In theaters of operations such as Afghanistan, most medical care is provided by deployed military medical personnel; however, some injuries and illnesses require medical management outside the operational theater. In these cases, the affected individuals are usually transported by air to a fixed military medical facility in Europe or the U.S. where the service members receive the specialized, technically advanced, and/or prolonged diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative care required.
Medical air transports, or medical evacuations, are costly and generally indicative of serious medical conditions. Some serious conditions are directly related to participation in or support of combat operations (e.g., battle wounds); however, many others are unrelated to combat and may be preventable. This report summarizes the natures, numbers, and trends of conditions for which male and female military members were medically evacuated from CENTCOM AOR operations during 2018 and compares them to the previous 4 years.
The surveillance period was 1 Jan. 2014 through 31 Dec. 2018. The surveillance population included all members of the active and reserve components of the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps who were deployed to the CENTCOM AOR during the period. The outcome of interest in this analysis was medical evacuations during the surveillance period from the CENTCOM AOR (e.g., Afghanistan or Iraq) to a medical treatment facility outside the CENTCOM AOR. Records of all medical evacuations conducted by the U.S. Transportation Command (TRANSCOM) maintained in the TRANSCOM Regulating and Command & Control Evacuation System (TRAC2ES) were utilized. Evacuations were included in the analyses if the affected service member had at least 1 inpatient or outpatient medical encounter in a permanent military medical facility in the U.S. or Europe during a time interval extending from 5 days before to 10 days after the reported evacuation date.
Medical evacuations included in the analyses were classified by the causes and natures of the precipitating medical conditions (based on information reported in relevant evacuation and medical encounter records). First, all medical conditions that resulted in evacuations were classified as "battle injuries" or "non-battle injuries and illnesses" (based on entries in an indicator field of the TRAC2ES evacuation record). Evacuations due to non-battle injuries and illnesses were subclassified into 17 illness/injury categories based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th/10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM) diagnostic codes reported on records of medical encounters after evacuation. For the purposes of this report, all records of hospitalizations and ambulatory visits from 5 days before to 10 days after the reported date of each medical evacuation were identified. In most cases, the primary (first-listed) diagnosis for either a hospitalization (if any occurred) or the earliest ambulatory visit after evacuation was considered indicative of the condition responsible for the evacuation. However, if the first-listed diagnostic code specified the external cause (rather than the nature) of an injury (ICD-9 E-code/ICD-10 V-, W-, X-, or Y-code) or an encounter for something other than a current illness or injury (e.g., observation, medical examination, or vaccination [ICD-9 V-codes/ICD-10 Z-codes other than those related to pregnancy]), then secondary diagnoses that specified illnesses and injuries (ICD-9 codes 001–999; ICD-10 codes A00–T88) were considered the likely reasons for the subject evacuations. If there was no secondary diagnosis or if the secondary diagnosis also was an external cause code, the first-listed diagnostic code of a subsequent encounter was used.
Deployment data were no longer available in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) beginning in 2018; therefore, rates of medical evacuations per deployed person-time were not calculated. The disposition after each medical evacuation was determined by using the disposition code associated with the medical encounter that was used for documenting the category of the medical evacuation. Inpatient disposition categories were returned to duty (code 01), transferred/discharged to other facility (codes 02–04, 09, 21–28, 43, or 61–66), died (codes 20, 30, 40–42, 50, or 51), separated from service (codes 10–15), and other/unknown. Outpatient disposition categories were released without limitation (code 1), released with work/duty limitation (code 2), immediate referral (code 4), sick at home/quarters (codes 3 or S), admitted/transferred to civilian hospital (codes 7, 9, A–D, or U), died (codes 8 or G), discharged home (code F), and other/unknown.
In 2018, a total of 1,264 medical evacuations of service members from the CENTCOM AOR were followed by at least 1 medical encounter in a fixed medical facility outside the operational theater (Table 1). Overall, there were more medical evacuations for mental health disorders (n=356; 28.2%) than for any other single category of illnesses or injuries (Table 1). In addition, the numbers of evacuations for non-battle injuries and poisonings (n=309; 24.5%); signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions (n=142; 11.2%); musculoskeletal system disorders (n=116; 9.2%); and disorders of the digestive system (n=91; 7.2%) were all higher than the number of evacuations for battle injuries (n=56; 4.4%). The top 3 categories—mental health disorders (most frequently adjustment and depressive disorders); non-battle injuries (primarily fractures of extremities, strains, and sprains); and signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions (primarily pain and swelling)—accounted for more than half (63.8%) of all evacuations (Table 1).
During 2014–2018, the annual number of medical evacuations attributable to battle injuries peaked in 2014 (n=126) then decreased in 2015 (n=35) and remained relatively low in 2016 (n=42) before increasing in 2017 (n=71) and decreasing again in 2018 (n=56) (data not shown). Over the 5-year period, the annual number of battle injury-related evacuations declined 55.6% from the peak year of 2014 through the most recent year, 2018. The annual number of medical evacuations attributable to non-battle injuries and diseases peaked in 2014 (n=1,807) and then decreased to relatively low levels in 2015 (n=1,050), 2016 (n=1,010), and 2017 (n=1,024) before increasing again in 2018 (n=1,208). In general, the annual numbers of medical evacuations over the course of the 5-year period varied in relation to the numbers of deployed service members, with the highest yearly count of medical evacuations occurring during the final year (2014) of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The monthly numbers of medical evacuations decreased considerably in the later months of 2014 leading up to 1 Jan. 2015, when U.S. Forces-Afghanistan formally ended OEF and began Operation Freedom's Sentinel (OFS) (Figure).
Demographic and Military Characteristics
The number of medical evacuations in 2018 was higher among males (n=1,038) than females (n=226) (Table 1, 2). The most frequent causes of medical evacuations among male service members were mental health disorders (n=278; 26.8%); non-battle injury and poisoning (n=273; 26.3%); signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions (n=118; 11.4%); and musculoskeletal disorders (n=102; 9.8%) (Table 1). Among female service members, the most frequent causes of medical evacuations were mental health disorders (n=78; 34.5%); non-battle injury and poisoning (n=36; 15.9%); signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions (n=24; 10.6%); and genitourinary system disorders (n=19; 8.4%).
Compared to males, females had higher percentages of evacuations for about half of all illness and injury categories. Female service members had notably higher percentages of medical evacuations for mental health disorders and genitourinary system disorders compared to males (Table 1). In contrast, male service members had higher percentages of evacuation for injuries (both battle and non-battle related) and for musculoskeletal disorders. There were no medical evacuations of a female service member during 2018 for a battle injury.
Within the various demographic and military characteristics of those service members who were evacuated, the largest numbers and proportions of evacuees were among non-Hispanic white service members, those aged 20–24 years, members of the Army, junior and senior enlisted personnel, and those in repair/engineering occupations (Table 2).
Most medical evacuations (86.2%) were characterized as having routine precedence. The remainder had priority (11.3%) or urgent (2.5%) precedence. All but 25 (2.0%) of the medical evacuations were accomplished through military transport (Table 2).
Most Frequent Specific Diagnoses
Among both males and females in 2018, "reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders" was the most frequent specific diagnosis (3-digit ICD-10 diagnosis code: F43) during initial medical encounters after evacuations (Table 3). The remaining 5 most common 3-digit diagnoses associated with evacuations of males were musculoskeletal disorders ("dorsalgia"), injuries ("fracture at wrist and hand level" and "dislocation and sprain of joints and ligaments of knee"), mental health disorders ("major depressive disorder, single episode"), and digestive system diseases ("inguinal hernia") (Table 3).
Of the top 6 diagnoses most frequently associated with evacuations of female service members, 1 was a mental health disorder ("reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders"); 1 was a condition that primarily affects women ("unspecified lump in breast"); 2 were musculoskeletal disorders ("other joint disorder, not elsewhere classified" and "dorsalgia"); 1 was a sign, symptom, and ill-defined condition ("abdominal and pelvic pain"); and 1 was a potential health hazard related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances ("problems related to employment and unemployment") (Table 3).
Of the 1,264 medical evacuations reported in 2018, a total of 451 (35.7%) resulted in inpatient encounters. More than two-thirds (69.0%) of all service members who were hospitalized after medical evacuations were discharged back to duty. About one-quarter (25.5%) of service members who were hospitalized after medical evacuations were transferred or discharged to other facilities (Table 4).
Return to duty dispositions were much more likely after hospitalizations for nonbattle injuries (65.1%) than for battle injuries (15.9%). The majority (81.8%) of battle injury-related hospitalizations and a little more than one-quarter (27.9%) of non-battle injury-related hospitalizations resulted in transfers/discharges to other facilities (Table 4).
Slightly more than two-thirds (n=813; 64.3%) of all medical evacuations reported resulted in outpatient encounters only. Of the service members who were treated exclusively in outpatient settings after evacuations, the majority (76.8%) were discharged back to duty without work/duty limitations, 18.5% were released with work/duty limitations, and less than 1% each were admitted/transferred to a civilian hospital, immediately referred, or discharged to "home sick" for recuperation. Service members treated as outpatients after battle injury-related evacuations were more likely to be released without limitations (n=12; 100.0%) than medical evacuees treated as outpatients for non-battle injuries (n=121; 54.3%) (Table 4).
This report documented that only 4.4% of all medical evacuations during 2018 were associated with battle injuries. Counts of evacuations for battle injuries were considerably lower (55.6%) in 2018 than in 2014, which is likely a reflection of both the reduction in troop levels that took place during this period and the change in mission away from direct combat. Most evacuations in 2018 were attributed to mental health disorders, followed by non-battle injuries and poisonings; signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions; musculoskeletal disorders; and digestive system disorders. Evacuations during the 5-year surveillance period followed a similar but slightly different pattern, with mental health disorders being the most frequent, followed by non-battle injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, signs and symptoms, and digestive system syndromes. Of the major diagnostic categories for which there was more than 1 medical evacuation for both men and women, only percentages of evacuations for injuries (battle and non-battle) and musculoskeletal disorders were noticeably higher among males compared to females. As in previous years, the majority of service members who were evacuated were returned to normal duty status following their post-evacuation hospitalizations or outpatient encounters. However, only about one-third of those evacuated for battle injuries were returned to duty immediately after their initial health care encounters.
Overall, the changes in numbers of medical evacuations over the course of the surveillance period reflect the drawdown of U.S. troops from Afghanistan leading up to the end of OEF.9 As OFS began, U.S. troop withdrawal slowed and began to level off in 2015.9 The relatively low percentage of medical evacuations in 2018 suggests that most deployers were sufficiently healthy and ready for their deployments and received the medical care in theater necessary to complete their assignments without having to be evacuated. Moreover, the fact that very few medical evacuations were conducted for chronic conditions such as hematologic disorders and congenital anomalies supports the idea that most deployers were sufficiently healthy for deployment. However, deployed service members are not immune to such conditions. For example, there was 1 medical evacuation for congenital anomalies in 2018 that was due to an arteriovenous malformation of cerebral vessels (data not shown). Because congenital anomalies may not be identified and diagnosed until later in life,10 such diagnoses should not be ruled out.
The proportion of medical evacuations attributed to mental health disorders (28.2%) was slightly higher than the proportion reported in a recent MSMR analysis of medical evacuations in 2017 (23.6%)5 but considerably higher than the proportion (11.6%) reported in an earlier MSMR report examining evacuations from Iraq during a 9-year period between 2003 and 2011.1 However, that article also reported that during the last 4 years of the surveillance period (2008–2011), as the proportion of evacuations for battle injuries fell sharply, the proportions of evacuations for mental disorders increased dramatically for both males (peak of 20.9% in 2010) and females (peak of 26.6% in 2010). Although some studies have indicated improved access to mental health care in deployed settings, the results from the current analysis indicate that mental health diagnoses still represent the single most common basis for medical evacuations out of the CENTCOM AOR.11 This could be due, at least in part, to variations in the availability of mental health care in deployed settings. In these settings, the distribution of providers and clinics that deliver such services is uneven and varies according to factors such as the number of deployed personnel and the assessed needs of the particular unit.11 It is also likely that some service members with mental health diagnoses may be evacuated because their estimated recovery times are too long. In addition, although the number of mental health care providers in Afghanistan increased from 2005 through 2010, this number decreased after 2013 as part of the overall drawdown of U.S. troops from the region.11
Several important limitations should be considered when interpreting the results of this analysis. Because deployment data are no longer available in the DMSS, rates of medical evacuations per deployed person-time were not able to be calculated, precluding comparisons with recent MSMR analyses. In addition, direct comparisons of numbers and percentages of medical evacuations by cause, as between males and females, can be misleading; for example, such comparisons do not account for differences between the groups in other characteristics (e.g., age, grade, military occupation, locations, and activities while deployed) that are significant determinants of medical evacuation risk. Moreover, because data about the characteristics of the entire deployed population of service members were not available, it was not possible to determine if the members of demographic and military groups listed above were over- or underrepresented among the evacuees. Also, for this report, most causes of medical evacuations were estimated from primary (first-listed) diagnoses that were recorded during hospitalizations or initial outpatient encounters after evacuation. In some cases, clinical evaluations in fixed medical treatment facilities after medical evacuations may have ruled out serious conditions that were clinically suspected in the theater. For this analysis, the causes of such evacuations reflect diagnoses that were determined after evaluations outside of the theater rather than diagnoses—perhaps of severe disease—that were clinically suspected in the theater. To the extent that this occurred, the causes of some medical evacuations may seem surprisingly minor.
Overall, the results highlight the continued need to tailor force health protection policies, training, supplies, equipment, and practices based on characteristics of the deployed force (e.g., combat vs. support; male vs. female) and the nature of the military operations (e.g., combat vs. humanitarian assistance).
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. Medical evacuations from Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn, active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2003–2011. MSMR. 2012;19(2):18–21.
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. Surveillance snapshot: Medical evacuations from Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, Oct. 2001–Dec. 2011. MSMR. 2012;19(2):22.
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. Medical evacuations from Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom, active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, Oct. 7, 2001–Dec. 31, 2012. MSMR. 2013;20(6):2–8.
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch. Medical evacuations, active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2013–2015. MSMR. 2017;24(2):15–21.
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch. Update: Medical evacuations, active and reserve components, U.S. Armed Forces, 2017. MSMR. 2018;25(7):17–22.
Garamone J. Dunford: U.S. Forces busy implementing defense strategy worldwide. DOD News. 28 Aug. 2018. https://dod.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1614521/dunford-us-forces-busy-implementing-defense-strategy-worldwide/. Accessed March 11, 2019.
Lead Inspector General for Overseas Contingency Operations. Operation Freedom's Sentinel: Report to the United States Congress.https://media.defense.gov/2018/May/21/2001919976/-1/-1/1/FY2018_LIG_OCO_OFS2_MAR2018_3.PDF. Accessed March 11, 2019.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Resolute Support Mission (RSM): key facts and figures. https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2018_06/20180608_2018-06-RSM-placemat.pdf. Accessed March 11, 2019.
Defense Manpower Data Center. DOD personnel, workforce reports and publications.https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/appj/dwp/dwp_reports.jsp. Accessed March 12, 2019.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the National Center for Health Statistics. ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting. FY 2018.https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/Downloads/2018-ICD-10-CM-Coding-Guidelines.pdf. Accessed March 12, 2019.
United States Government Accountability Office. Report to Congressional Committees. Defense health care: DOD is meeting most mental health care access standards, but it needs a standard for follow-up appointments. April 2016. https://www.gao.gov/assets/680/676851.pdf. Accessed March 12, 2019.
MSMR Vol. 29 No. 10 - October 2022
A monthly publication of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division. This issue of the peer-reviewed journal contains the following articles: Surveillance trends for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens among U.S. Military Health System Beneficiaries, Sept. 27, 2020 – Oct. 2,2021; Establishment of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance within the MHS during March 1 – Dec. 31 2020; Suicide behavior among heterosexual, lesbian/gay, and bisexual active component service members in the U.S. Armed Forces; Brief report: Phase I results using the Virtual Pooled Registry Cancer Linkage system (VPR-CLS) for military cancer surveillance.
Health Readiness & Combat Support | Public Health | Medical Surveillance Monthly Report
Viral hepatitis C, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2011–2020
This study reports updated numbers and incidence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among active component members of the U.S. military using a revised case definition during a 10-year surveillance period between 2011 and 2020.
Update: Contraception Among Active Component Service Women, U.S. Armed Forces, 2017–2021
This report summarizes the annual prevalence of permanent sterilization, as well as use of long- and short-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs and SARCs, respectively), contraceptive counseling services, and use of emergency contraceptives from 2017 through 2021 among active component U.S. service women.
Surveillance Snapshot: Influenza Immunization Among U.S. Armed Forces Healthcare Workers, August 2017–April 2022
Immunization Among U.S. Armed Forces Healthcare Workers
MSMR Vol. 29 No. 09 - September 2022
Update: Routine Screening for Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus, U.S. Armed Forces, Active and Reserve Components, January 2017–June 2022
This report provides an update through June 2022 of routine screening results for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among members of the active and reserve components of the U.S. Armed Forces. During the full 5 and 1/2-year surveillance period, the HIV seropositivity rates for active component service members were 0.21 positives per 1,000 members of the Army, 0.24 for the Navy, 0.16 for the Marine Corps, and 0.14 for the Air Force.
Evaluation of the MSMR Surveillance Case Definition for Incident Cases of Hepatitis C
The validity of military hepatitis C virus (HCV) surveillance data is uncertain due to the potential for misclassification introduced when using administrative databases for surveillance purposes. The objectives of this study were to assess the validity of the surveillance case definition used by the Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR) for HCV, the over and underestimation of cases from surveillance data, and the true burden of HCV disease in the U.S. military.
Letter to the Editor: Clarification of Hepatitis C Virus Screening with Case Definitions and Prevalence Among Trainees
We read with interest the brief report regarding the prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection in basic military trainee blood donors by Kasper and colleagues in the November 2021 issue of the Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR),1 an update of a previous similar report
Brief Report: Menstrual Suppression Among U.S. Female Service Members in the Millennium Cohort Study
Menstrual suppression allows for the control or complete suppression of menstrual periods through hormonal contraceptive methods. In addition to preventing pregnancy, suppression can alleviate medical conditions and symptoms associated with menstruation such as iron deficiency anemia,1 eliminate logistical hygiene-related challenges, and improve quality of life.
MSMR Vol. 29 No. 08 - August 2022
Musculoskeletal Injuries During U.S. Air Force Special Warfare Training Assessment and Selection, Fiscal Years 2019–2021.
Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are costly and the leading cause of medical visits and disability in the U.S. military.1,2 Within training environments, MSK injuries may lead to a loss of training, deferment to a future class, or voluntary disenrollment from a training pipeline, all of which are impediments to maintaining full levels of manpower and resources for the Department of Defense.
Brief Report: Pain and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Screening Outcomes Among Military Personnel Injured During Combat Deployment.
The post-9/11 U.S. military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan lasted over a decade and yielded the most combat casualties since the Vietnam War. While patient survivability increased to the highest level in history, a changing epidemiology of combat injuries emerged whereby focus shifted to addressing an array of long-term sequelae, including physical, psychological, and neurological issues.
Prevalence and Distribution of Refractive Errors Among Members of the U.S. Armed Forces and the U.S. Coast Guard, 2019.
During calendar year 2019, the estimated prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were 17.5%, 2.1%, and 11.2% in the active component of the U.S. Armed Forces and 10.1%, 1.2%, and 6.1% of the U.S. Coast Guard, respectively.
MSMR Vol. 29 No. 07 - July 2022
Establishment of SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Within the Military Health System During 1 March–31 December 2020.
This report describes SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance conducted by the Department of Defense (DOD) Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Branch and the Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium (NGSBC) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Samples and sequence data were from SARS-CoV-2 infections occurring among Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries from 1 March to 31 December 2020.
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5 edition of Underdevelopment and spatial inequality found in the catalog.
Underdevelopment and spatial inequality
David Slater
approaches to the problems of regional planning in the Third World.
by David Slater
Published 1975 by Pergamon in Oxford .
Series Progress in planning -- Vol.4, part 2
Is the high degree of gender inequality in developing countries—in education, personal autonomy, and more—explained by underdevelopment itself? Or do the societies that are poor today hold certain cultural views that lead to gender inequality? This article discusses several mechanisms through which gender gaps narrow as countries grow. I argue that although much of the GDP/gender The ADB Economics Working Paper Series is a forum for stimulating discussion and eliciting feedback on ongoing and recently completed research and policy studies undertaken by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) staff, consultants, or resource ://
The book is a useful contribution to the study of a typology of firm that is more important in our markets than generally believed. The empirical work by Amr is very original and helpful because it observed the relationship between the presence of financial cooperatives and income inequality in A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library and Library of Congress Printed in Canada, by the Lowe-Martin Group, on Forest Stewardship Council certified and elemental chlorine-free papers. Printed using vegetable-based The Human Development Report Human development is
In reaction to a system of highly centralised government that had seen the abuse of power, spatial inequality and underdevelopment, Kenya has also opted for devolution. This system was embodied in the Constitution and implemented with the establishment of 47 In many African countries, spatial inequalities in the provision and distribution of social services can be explained by a myriad of factors including the development approaches adopted in their colonial history. This paper explores the spatial inequality among cities in Northern and Southern Ghana as evident in the availability of infrastructural facilities such as health, education
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Underdevelopment and spatial inequality by David Slater Download PDF EPUB FB2
COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this 's WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus Underdevelopment and Spatial Inequality: Underdevelopment and spatial inequality book to the Problems of Regional Planning in the Third World (Progress in Planning, V.
4, Pt. 2.) (Vol 4) [David Slater] on The traditional underdevelopment of equity markets in Continental Europe has been one of the main obstacles to the development of shareholder value.
The market capitalization as a percentage of Underdevelopment and spatial inequality book is low in Continental Europe compared with Anglo American figures, particularly in countries such as France, Germany, Italy and Spain as Figure :// Underdevelopment and spatial inequality: approaches to the problems of regional planning in the Third World Item Preview Underdevelopment, in the context of Nepal, apart from the geographical, economic and political reasons, can be explained in terms of the exploitation of the masses by the ruling class, both in Rana and Panchayat periods and its total dependence on foreign aid and on neighbouring countries.
There is little concern for resource Spatial inequality is a persistent quality-of-life problem of Third World urbanisation. While structural and economic analysis is essential to an understanding of inequalities in Third World spatial organization, spatial interaction and spatial inequality.
It analyzed patterns of human activity at all scales from local to global, depending heavily on theories of development, underdevelopment, modernization, innovation diffusion, urbanization and demographic :// The spatial dimension of economic development has been characterised by a core/periphery configuration (Lewis, ).
One of the seminal theories of this process of circular and cumulative causation was developed by Gunnar Myrdal who argued that capital movements tend to increase regional inequality by concentrating in the more developed Although income inequality has fallen in recent years, Latin America remains the most unequal region in the world.
In the richest 10% of people in Latin America had amassed 71% of the region's wealth. If this trend continues, according to Oxfam's calculations, in just six years' time the richest 1% in the region will have accumulated Urban Inequality: Unequal Treatment of Categories of People.
Many books focus on spatial inequality in U.S. and European cities, including Badcock (), Gottdiener (), and Katznelson (). An influential segment of the intellectual and planning community advocates fairly radical efforts to break down the high degree of racial and class title = "Development and underdevelopment: rethinking the shape of a globalizing world", abstract = "This chapter makes the case for rethinking the nature and purpose of development.
The conventional North-South spatial conception of development is challenged by the rapidly emerging economies of the Global South, reflected in growing South spatial inequality in social development has decreased over the second half of the nineties although the overall level of inequality remains considerable.
Policy implications are drawn for attacking spatial chronic poverty. INTRODUCTION Persistent spatial inequality has been long recognised both as the cause and as the effect of & Spatial inequality is not only a mark of underdevelopment and a stumbling block to true human welfare.
It is an important tool in the creation of privileged groups of individuals and places on one poverty, inequality and the nature of economic growth in south africa haroon bhorat carlene van der westhuizen dpru working paper 12/ november WPpdf.
Downloadable. We study the effect of spatial inequality on economic activity. Given that the relationship is highly simultaneous in nature, we use exogenous variation in geographic features to construct an instrument for spatial inequality, which is independent from any man-made factors.
Inequality measures and instruments are calculated based on grid-level data for existing countries as well The book employs a dialectical materialist theory of history in which progress comes from the interplay among the parts of the social whole, unless it is blocked by Inequality—the state of not being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities1—is a concept very much at the heart of social justice theories.
However, it is prone to confusion How Is Economic Globalization Affecting Inequality. W e live in an unequal world in which descriptors of global inequality—especially inequalities in income—abound. "[T]he world's richest individuals have a combined income greater than that of the poorest million spatial inequality traps disadvantaged communities in poverty and underdevelopment, creates inefficient cities, and robs poor, rural people of secure livelihoods.
The Panel makes recommendations that seek to break this damaging spatial pattern that is built on past laws, which marginalised the black majority to the outskirts of the cities and to About the book: During the last few decades, the gap between the incomes, wealth and living standards of rich and poor people has increased in most countries.
Economic inequality has become a defining issue of our age. In this book, leading political economist Frank Stilwell provides a comprehensive overview of the nature, causes, and consequences of this growing.
Ethnic inequality is strongly inversely related to per capita income; this pattern holds when we condition on the overall degree of spatial inequality -that is also associated with underdevelopment.
We further show that differences in geographic endowments across ethnic homelands explain a sizable portion of contemporary ethnic :// Regional Development Planning; Issues and Realities 41st ISoCaRP Congress 3 examination of a number of physical, social, economic and environmental aspects of the building site and the neighboring sites.
The recognized purpose of any development is social investment. But human progress is not an automatic consequence of economic Following a review of development concepts and the contribution of tourism to the Turkish economy, the paper considers the spatial concentration of tourism in coastal Journal of Sustainable Tourism areas and its impacts on regional › 百度文库 › 互联网.
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