When it is a cosmetic dentist that you will be looking for that it is important to look into the years of experience that he has. When this one is ensured by you that you can also be sure that you will be in the right hands. Before trying any technology and techniques to his patient, it is the dentist that has an ample amount of experience that will make sure that these things have been proven already. It is the dentists that will gain more knowledge and experience from the work that he has done for years. They will also see to it that they will provide better service as time goes by.
The dentist credits and professional honors is something that you also should look into. The success of the dentist can also be determined when you will take a look at this one. It is on the office walls that you will see these things changed. One of the best dentists are the ones that are taking care of famous personalities. Within their local and national groups and associations that it is the best dentist that also is influential. You also should see to it that they will have certificates that will show their capability as a cosmetic dentist.
Make it a point that you will also be looking at the style and specialization that the dentists have. It is the different clients that also have different style is taking care of their clients. See to it that you will be choosing a dentist that has a style that you want. It is the treatment that you want to have that the dentists should be practicing. It is a peace of mind that you will get once you will now that they have been doing the thing that you want for a long time. It is important that the dentist that you will choose will be able to have a number of different treatment plans and anesthesia options for you to choose from.
It is the good referrals that you will get that you should also consider. The patients that have experienced the dentists' service is the one that you should get referrals from. It is also important that the dentist will also be able to show you the different picture of the different treatments that he has done. You can also ask for the website and look for reviews and testimonials.


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HomeBusinessCrime and Mayhem in the U.S.A
Crime and Mayhem in the U.S.A
August 1, 2012 Janet Tavakoli
Despite widespread crime of various types across all classes of society, most Americans polled were comfortable trusting their own "moral compass." Let's see how we did with that in July.
Bob Diamond, the American CEO of Barclays Bank in Britain, resigned — or, if you prefer, as one Member of Parliament was happy to emphasize in Diamond's July 4 hearing, he was "sacked" — after it was revealed that a cabal of banks manipulated LIBOR, the London Interbank Offered Rate set by a poll of leading banks to determine the benchmark global interest rate. LIBOR is the reference rate used by many home mortgage loans, commercial loans, floating rate notes, collateralized debt obligations and many other financial instruments.
LIBOR fixing is a global issue and U.S. banks have also been implicated in manipulating LIBOR to their ultimate advantage at the expense of global investors.
Bob Diamond didn't volunteer to give back any of his deferred compensation at the hearing:
Mr. Andrew Love: On the deferred bonus scheme for senior executives in Barclays bank, anyone who does harm to Barclays' reputation may be asked to forgo some of those deferred bonuses. Do you think that that is appropriate in your circumstances in that you agree that Barclays' reputation has been harmed?Bob Diamond: That's certainly a question for the board.
While Bob Diamond testified in front of Britain's Members of Parliament, American urban flash mobs engaged in Independence Day mayhem.
The board of Barclays Bank answered Bob Diamond's question. Diamond "voluntarily decided" to forgo up to $31 million (20 million British pounds) in deferred bonus, but he gets a year's salary, pension and benefits and tens of millions collected in prior years.
Peregrine Financial Group's (PFG Best) CEO Russell Wasendorf Sr. was arrested after the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa filed a criminal fraud complaint against him. Wasendorf had apparently attempted suicide earlier in the week, although skeptics say it may have been staged to throw investigators off the scent of where he may have stashed ill-gotten gains.
His suicide note stated:
I have committed fraud. For this this I feel constant and intense guilt. I am very remorseful that my greatest transgressions have been to my fellow man. Through a scheme of using false bank statements I have been able to embezzle millions of dollars from customer accounts.
The alleged fraud went on over a period of 20 years, but Wasendorf's remorse was only revealed after an NFA audit revealed false statements and it was clear that he would be charged.
Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase, the largest bank by assets in the United States, admitted the bank had "material weakness" in the chief investment office (CIO), a unit that reported directly to Dimon.
In the previous four years the unit had reported $2 billion in profits, but in the first half of 2012 alone, it lost $5.8 billion on trades that Dimon at first claimed were hedges and then later admitted: "It morphed into something that I can't justify. It was just too risky for our company." Moreover, these trading losses didn't morph on their own; the trades required human intervention, and losses continue to mount.
In contrast to Bob Diamond's hearing before parliament, Dimon's June 13, 2012 Senate hearing sounded like a cordial celebrity roast. Dimon has not been held accountable for potential Sarbanes-Oxley violations related to his signing corporate documents asserting controls at JPMorgan were adequate when — by any reasonable professional standard — they were not.
The news for Jamie Dimon got even worse after Michael J. Moore and Dawn Kopecki at Bloomberg questioned the veracity of Dimon's April 13, 2012 disclosures in response to an analyst's question about media reports that JPMorgan Chase had engaged in enormous derivatives trades and that huge trading losses were imminent.
While JPMorgan booked a $718 million loss on the positions held by its chief investment office in the first quarter, it didn't publicly specify the loss when releasing the results April 13. When an analyst asked Dimon that day about media coverage of the trades, he dismissed them as a ["tempest in a teapot."].
("Dimon Saw $1 Billion Potential Loss When He Made 'Teapot' Remark," July 13, 2012.)
On July 13, 2012, JPMorgan Chase revealed that there are questions that the books may have been mismarked by the traders. In other words, it has raised a question of fraud. ("JPMorgan Disclosed Possible Misconduct to Feds Ahead of Earnings," Reuters, July 16, 2012.) As for Jamie Dimon, it raised the question of an utter failure of corporate governance and telling the truth too slowly. The bank also materially restated its first quarter 2012 earnings.
Also on July 13, Ocala Florida's 71 year-old Samuel Williams fought back and saved customers from thugs in Internet cafe. Williams has a concealed weapons permit. After two thugs, one armed with a gun and the other armed with a bat, entered an Internet café to rob and terrorize 30 customers, Williams opened fire. He stopped pursuing and firing after the wounded thugs ran out the door, which Williams then locked behind them.
A flash mob of around 300 teenagers vandalized a Walmart store in Jacksonville, Florida. They robbed the store of around $1,500 of merchandise and threw food at each other. Then one of the group uploaded video of the crime to YouTube.
"You've got a large number of people going and coming at the same time they are throwing produce," Jefferson said. "They are stealing items, they are all over the store. You can imagine how fearful the customers were who were in there at that particular time." — Ken Jefferson, Crime Analyst, Channel 4.
Also on July 16, a flash mob of around 40 teens ages 13 to 15 invaded an Albertson's in Troutdale, Oregon to steal.
Security officers chased the thieves out, but no one was captured. They also left employees pretty shaken up, including one woman who was in tears after getting terrorized by the robbers. "They [thieves] were bragging and laughing about how much stuff they stole and what they did in the store," one witness told KGW.
A heavily armed gunman later alleged to be James Holmes killed at least 12 people and wounded 58 more during an early Friday morning screening of The Dark Knight Rises, the new Batman movie, in Aurora, Colorado. Holmes was later charged with 24 counts of murder — two separate charges for each killing — among other charges. Charges cited his "attitude of universal malice manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life generally."
No criminal indictments have yet been issued in connection with the alleged looting of more than $1.2 billion from the customer accounts prior to the October 31, 2011 bankruptcy of MF Global. But Bloomberg News's Silla Brush reported that a Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) review found that Jon Corzine, MF Global's former CEO, wasn't too close to Gary Gensler, chairman of the CFTC, because (among other things) they didn't attend each other's weddings, and Corzine didn't attend the bat mitzvahs of Gensler's daughters. Both men worked together at Goldman Sachs for many years, but they apparently hadn't socialized for around 14 years. Gensler recused himself from the post-bankruptcy investigation into MF Global. Jon Corzine is also a former Senator and former Governor of New Jersey and a top campaign bundler for President Obama.
Also on July 30, Vanity Fair and 60 Minutes released the results of a joint poll. Americans seem to feel their parenting is just fine. When asked if they were as good or better at parenting than their own parents, 59 percent said they were the same, 36 percent said they were better parent, (95 percent said they were the same or better) 3 percent said they were worse. The remaining 2 percent apparently took the Fifth:
Nearly 6 out of 10 parents feel that, as parents, they measure up to their own parents; more than a third think they're even better than that. And 70 percent of us say we're comfortable trusting our own moral compass, as opposed to the law or religion or anything/anyone else, to keep us from behaving badly.
The poll also revealed that only 14 percent of Americans correctly identified Jamie Dimon as a New York banker, despite the fact that he's been all over the news in recent months and is the CEO of JPMorgan Chase, the largest U.S. bank by assets.
I was unable to reach the parents of Bob Diamond (former CEO of Barclays Bank who "resigned" in the wake of the LIBOR fixing scandal), Jamie Dimon (current CEO of JPMorgan Chase, whose CIO unit lost $5.8 billion in risky trades for the first half of 2012 alone — losses that continue to mount — while the bank materially restated first quarter earnings and raised questions of potential fraud), Russell Wasendorf Sr. (former CEO of PFG Best now in custody), and Jon Corzine (former CEO of bankrupt MF Global) for comment.
Endnote: Jane Wollman Rusoff interviewed me for Research Magazine's May cover story, "Finding the Culprits of the Crisis," about the deep monetary bi-partisan connections of Wall Street and Washington and the corrosive effect it has had on the economy and the Republic.
Janet Tavakoli is the president of Tavakoli Structured Finance, a Chicago-based firm that provides consulting to financial institutions and institutional investors. Ms. Tavakoli has more than 20 years of experience in senior investment banking positions, trading, structuring and marketing structured financial products. She is a former adjunct associate professor of derivatives at the University of Chicago's Graduate School of Business. Author of: Credit Derivatives & Synthetic Structures (1998, 2001), Collateralized Debt Obligations & Structured Finance (2003), Structured Finance & Collateralized Debt Obligations (John Wiley & Sons, September 2008). Tavakoli's book on the causes of the global financial meltdown and how to fix it is: Dear Mr. Buffett: What an Investor Learns 1,269 Miles from Wall Street (Wiley, 2009). E-book (Kindle only): The New Robber Barons – February 2012 Compilation of commentaries from September 2008 to February 2012. "With trillions on the table, nobody plays fair, and everyone plays for keeps."
About Janet Tavakoli	34 Articles
Affiliation: Tavakoli Structured Finance, Inc.
Janet Tavakoli is the founder and president of Tavakoli Structured Finance, Inc. (TSF), a Chicago based consulting firm providing expert experience and knowledge about maximizing value in the capital markets in the face of complexity and uncertainty. TSF provides consulting services to financial institutions, institutional investors, and hedge funds.
Ms. Tavakoli was years ahead of the financial industry predicting lax underwriting and misrating of structured financial products would result in the collapse of the global credit bubble. She also predicted the collapse of the thrift industry, Long Term Capital Management, and First Alliance Mortgage prompting Business Week to profile her as "The Cassandra of Credit Derivatives." [2008].
Ms. Tavakoli pointed out grave flaws in the methodology for rating structured financial products in her books, Structured Finance & Collateralized Debt Obligations (2003, 2008), and Credit Derivatives (1998, 2001). She wrote the first letter the SEC posted in February 2007 in response to its proposed rules for the credit rating agencies; she made the case that the NRSRO designation for the rating agencies should be revoked for structured financial products.
Ms. Tavakoli is frequently published and quoted in financial journals including The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, Business Week, Fortune, Global Risk Review, RISK, IDD, Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, LIPPER HedgeWorld, Asset Securitization Report, Journal of Structured Finance, Investor Dealers' Digest, International Securitization Report, Bloomberg News, Bloomberg Magazine, Credit, Derivatives Week, TheStreet.com, Finance World, and others.
Frequent television appearances include CNN, CNBC, BNN, CBS Evening News, Bloomberg TV, First Business Morning News, Fox, ABC, and BBC.
Tavakoli is a former adjunct associate professor of finance at Chicago Booth (the University of Chicago's Graduate School of Business) where she taught "Derivatives: Futures, Forwards, Options and Swaps".
Janet Tavakoli is the former Executive Director, Head of Financial Engineering in the Global Financial Markets Division at Westdeutsche Landesbank in London. She headed market risk management for the capital markets group for Bank One in Chicago. Tavakoli headed the asset swap trading desk at Merrill Lynch in New York, headed mortgage backed securities marketing for Merrill Lynch in New York, and headed mortgage backed securities marketing to Japanese clients for PaineWebber in New York. She also worked for Bear Stearns heading marketing for quantitative research.
She is the author of: Credit Derivatives & Synthetic Structures (1998, 2001), Collateralized Debt Obligations & Structured Finance (2003), Structured Finance & Collateralized Debt Obligations (John Wiley & Sons, September 2008), and Dear Mr. Buffett: What An Investor Learns 1,269 Miles From Wall Street (Wiley, 2009).
During her career, she has been registered and licensed with the SFA, NASD, ASE, CBOE, NYSE, PSE and the NFA and has passed the series 7, 63 and 3 qualifying exams.
Ms. Tavakoli has a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology and an MBA in Finance from University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
Visit: Tavakoli Structured Finance

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Crocheting is an activity to fulfill your spare time. It is not too difficult and you can produce useful products for your baby. Baby crochet patterns can assist you to produce useful products for your babies. Here is the list of inspiring ideas for the baby crochet.
The first idea is the patterns and designs of funny baby clothes. You can crochet it looking like a cartoon figure that is suitable for daily outfits. You can crochet in several models for your both baby girls and boys such as dress, t-shirt, skirt, and shorts.
Crochet is identical to warm clothes. You can adapt baby crochet patterns of the sweater for your first child. It is useful to avoid her from coldness at the night. You can make it in colorful designs to make eye-catching.
If you want to walk a night, you should make something warm for your baby. You can create a poncho model for your baby. It is used to make her stay warm though you get it outside.
A hat makes your baby look stylish. You can crochet it at home with various styles and designs. You can make it with your taste and creativity.
The last baby crochet patterns are shoes. You can make baby crochet shoes with so many designs and models.


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Thalassironus lynnae is een rondwormensoort uit de familie van de Ironidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1987 door Keppner.

Enoplida

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Home»Bears»Peavy may be shut down
Peavy may be shut down
By Z P September 3, 2011 3 Mins Read
The "Jake Peavy thing" has run its course. The tough guy routine is getting old. Get healthy then pitch. I'm sick of the excuses.
On June 25th Jake Peavy was pressed into his first career relief appearance of his career after lefty John Danks left the game early due to a strained oblique. Prior to the appearance, before the game, Peavy went to Ozzie's and said "you need me, I'll be available", according to Ozzie. After the 55 pitch relief appearance Peavy said "I needed to do it for my team. That's the bottom line. We had to find a way to win the game, and give us a chance to win the series tomorrow."
The tough-guy Jake was loud and clear. The same questions arise that have there since Peavy came to Chicago, who runs the show Williams, Guillen or Peavy? Prior to that appearance Peavy was shut-down due to a strained groin. So shouldn't he have been eased in to pitching, not thrust into an unannounced relief appearance?
Now he's singing a different tune, "Obviously, coming off that was very hard. All of my body, not just my right arm. I was never able to catch up since then. It certainly slowed me down a little bit", Peavy told MLB.com. He continues to pile on more of the excuses.
Pitching coach Don Cooper disagrees the relief appearance was a issue, "It's a non-factor for me. The bottom line is Jake is on and off. He's been the same guy prior to that relief outing and after that relief outing. So, there's been nothing there that I see of any real substance."
Has he though? Before the relief appearance (05.11.11/ 06.22.11) Jake was 3-1 with a 4.72 ERA striking out 25 in 34.1 innings. Since that appearance Peavy is 2-6 with a 5.78 ERA striking out 54 in 67 innings. So basically the same, obviously the record is worst but that can be attributed to many factors.
These questions come after Peavy surrendered 6 runs in the first inning against the Twins, in an important series as the Sox attempt an improbable Division comeback. Peavy ended up going 5 innings surrendering just those 6 runs.
Now the plan according to a Mark Gonzales Tweet is to shutdown Peavy if the Sox fall out of contention. Currently Peavy is slated to start next in Minnesota against the Twins on Tuesday.
Check out Pale and Hosed, the #1 Chicago White Sox Podcast for analysis and more!!! New episodes every Tuesday and Friday.
Don Cooper Jake Peavy


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Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures Sample Clauses
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Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Each of the Loan Parties shall not, and shall not permit any of its Unregulated Subsidiaries to, own or create directly or indirectly any Subsidiaries other than (i) any Subsidiary which is a Regulated Entity, (ii) any Subsidiary which is an Inactive Subsidiary of the Borrower, (iii) Conserve to Preserve Foundation, a non-profit corporation organized under the laws of the State of New Jersey, (iv) any Subsidiary which has joined this Agreement as Guarantor on the Closing Date, (v) any Project Subsidiary, and (vi) any Subsidiary formed after the Closing Date which joins this Agreement as a Guarantor pursuant to Section 11.19 [Joinder of Guarantors]. Each of the Loan Parties shall not become or agree to (1) become a general or limited partner in any general or limited partnership, except that the Loan Parties may be general or limited partners in other Loan Parties, (2) become a member or manager of, or hold a limited liability company interest in, a limited liability company, except that the Loan Parties may be members or managers of, or hold limited liability company interests in, other Loan Parties, or (3) become a joint venturer or hold a joint venture interest in any joint venture, except in each case in respect of a Permitted Related Business Opportunity.
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Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Each of the Loan Parties shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to own or create directly or indirectly any Subsidiaries other than (i) any Subsidiary existing as of the Closing Date, and (ii) any Subsidiary formed after the Closing Date (A) the outstanding equity interests (except with respect to a Foreign Subsidiary, no more than 65% of its outstanding equity interests shall be required to be pledged as collateral) of which are pledged as collateral under the Security Agreement to secure the Obligations, and (B) which becomes a Guarantor by delivering to the Administrative Agent (I) a signed Guaranty and Suretyship Agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Administrative Agent in its Permitted Discretion; (II) documents in the forms described in Section 7.1 [First Loans and Letters of Credit] modified as appropriate; and (III) documents necessary to grant and perfect Prior Security Interests to the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Lenders in the equity interests of, and Collateral held by, such Subsidiary; provided, however, that Foreign Subsidiaries shall not be required to become Guarantors. No Loan Party shall become or agree to become a party to a Joint Venture.
Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Each of the Loan Parties shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to own or create directly or indirectly any Subsidiaries other than: (i) any Excluded Subsidiary; (ii) any Subsidiary which has joined this Agreement as a Guarantor on the Closing Date; and (iii) any Subsidiary formed after the Closing Date which joins this Agreement as a Guarantor pursuant to the terms of Section 8.1.9 [
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Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Each of the Loan Parties shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, own or create directly or indirectly any Subsidiaries unless it shall comply with the requirements of Section 11.20 [Joinder of Borrowers or Guarantors], to the extent applicable.
Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Each of the Loan Parties shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, own or create directly or indirectly any Subsidiaries other than (i) any Subsidiary which has joined this Agreement as a Guarantor on the Closing Date or which is listed on Schedule 6.1.3 hereto (excluding Koppers Assurance); (ii) any Subsidiary formed under the laws of the United States or a state thereof (and prior to the redemption of all the 2003 Senior Notes, any Subsidiary formed under the laws of Australia or any territory or state thereof) after the Closing Date which joins this Agreement as a Guarantor pursuant to Section 11.18 [Joinder of Guarantors], provided that such Subsidiary and the Loan Parties, as applicable, shall grant and cause to be perfected first priority Liens to the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Lenders (in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent) in the assets held by, and stock of or other ownership interests in, such Subsidiary; (iii) upon prior written notice to the Administrative Agent, any Subsidiary which is (a) not formed under the laws of the United States or a state thereof, (b) not a Guarantor hereunder, and (c) as to which the investment in such Subsidiary (together with all other loans, advances and investments to and in other such Subsidiaries) by the Loan Parties does not exceed the amount permitted under Section 8.2.4(vi), and (iv) upon prior written notice to the Administrative Agent, any Subsidiary formed under the laws of Luxembourg which is used to effect any Foreign Holding Company Reorganization. Any Subsidiary which executes a Guaranty of any Indebtedness under the 2003 Senior Notes shall execute and deliver a Guaranty Agreement in favor of the Administrative Agent. Except as set forth on Schedule 8.2.9 and to the extent permitted by Section 8.2.4(vii), each of the Loan Parties shall not become or agree to (1) become a general or limited partner in any general or limited partnership, except that the Loan Parties may be general or limited partners in other Loan Parties, (2) become a member or manager of, or hold a limited liability company interest in, a limited liability company, except that the Loan Parties may be members or managers of, or hold limited liability company interests in, other Loan Parties, or (3) become a joint venturer or hold a joint venture interest in any joint venture. At such time as the Borrower shall have redeemed all the 2003 Senior Notes and the security interests a...
Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Each of the Loan Parties shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, own or create directly or indirectly any Subsidiary other than (i) any Material Domestic Subsidiary which has joined this Agreement as a Guarantor on the Closing Date; (ii) any Material Domestic Subsidiary formed after the Closing Date which joins this Agreement as a Guarantor pursuant to Section 11.18 [Joinder of Guarantors], (iii) any Material First Tier Foreign Subsidiary existing on the Closing Date so long as 65% of the equity interests of such Material First Tier Foreign Subsidiary have been pledged to the Agent for the benefit of the Agent and the Banks on a first priority perfected basis, (iv) any Material First Tier Foreign Subsidiary formed or acquired after the Closing Date so long as 65% of the equity interests of such Material First Tier Foreign Subsidiary have been pledged to the Agent for the benefit of the Agent and the Banks on a first priority perfected basis and otherwise in accordance with the requirements of Section 11.18 [Joinder of Guarantors], and (v) any other Subsidiary which is not the subject of the immediately preceding clauses (i) through (iv) of this Section 8.2.9. Each of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries shall not become or agree to (1) become a general or limited partner in any general or limited partnership, except that the Loan Parties or their Subsidiaries may be general or limited partners in other Loan Parties and in Subsidiaries of other Loan Parties or in any Person in which an Investment is made as permitted by Sections 8.2.4(v), (vi), (vii), (viii) or (ix), (2) become a member or manager of, or hold a limited liability company interest in, a limited liability company, except that the Loan Parties or their Subsidiaries may be members or managers of, or hold limited liability company interests in, other Loan Parties and in Subsidiaries of other Loan Parties or in any Person in which an Investment is made as permitted by Sections 8.2.4(v), (vi), (vii), (viii) or (ix), or (3) become a joint venturer or hold a joint venture interest in any joint venture, except that the Loan Parties or their Subsidiaries may hold a joint venture interest in any Person in which an Investment is made as permitted by Sections 8.2.4(v), (vi), (vii), (viii) or (ix).
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Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Each of the Loan Parties shall not own or create directly or indirectly any Subsidiaries other than (i) any Subsidiary which has executed the Guaranty Agreement as Guarantor on the Closing Date, (ii) any Subsidiary formed or acquired after the Closing Date which joins the Guaranty Agreement as a Guarantor pursuant to Section 10.18 [Joinder of Guarantors] or (iii) any Non-Restricted Person.
Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Holdings shall not, and shall not permit any of its Material Subsidiaries to, own, acquire, or create directly or indirectly any Material Non-AGC Subsidiary other than Material Non-AGC Subsidiaries each of which has joined this Agreement as a Guarantor at any time after the Closing Date in accordance with Section 10.18 [Joinder of Guarantors]. Each of Holdings and its Material Subsidiaries shall not become or agree to become (1) a general or limited partner in any general or limited partnership, except that Holdings or any of its Material Subsidiaries may be general or limited partners in any other Material Subsidiary, (2) a member or manager of, or hold a limited liability company interest in, a limited liability company, except that Holdings or any of its Material Subsidiaries may be members or managers of, or hold limited liability company interests in, other Material Subsidiaries, or (3) a joint venturer or hold a joint venture interest in any joint venture except that Holdings or any of its Material Subsidiaries may be a party to a joint venture (A) that would not otherwise be a Material Subsidiary were it a Subsidiary of Holdings, and (B) as to which neither Holdings nor any Material Subsidiary is directly or indirectly jointly or severally liable for any act or omission of the joint venture beyond the amount of its investment therein.
Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. The Borrower shall not: (a) form or acquire any corporation or company which would thereby become a Subsidiary; or (b) form or enter into any partnership as a limited or general partner or form or enter into any joint venture.
Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures. Each of the Loan Parties shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, own or create directly or indirectly any Subsidiaries other than (i) any Subsidiary which has joined this Agreement as Guarantor on the Closing Date; and (ii) any Subsidiary formed after the Closing Date which joins this Agreement as a Guarantor pursuant to Section 11.18 [Joinder of Guarantors], provided that the Required Banks shall have consented to such formation and joinder and that such Subsidiary and the Loan Parties, as applicable, shall grant and cause to be perfected first priority Liens to the Agent for the benefit of the Banks in the assets held by, and stock of or other ownership interests in, such Subsidiary. Each of the Loan Parties shall not become or agree to (1) become a general or limited partner in any general or limited partnership, except that the Loan Parties may be general or limited partners in other Loan Parties, (2) become a member or manager of, or hold a limited liability company interest in, a limited liability company, except that the Loan Parties may be members or managers of, or hold limited liability company interests in, other Loan Parties, or (3) become a joint venturer or hold a joint venture interest in any joint venture.
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Retro Game Challenge – Why Am I Only Now Learning of This?
You know, even if you follow video game news very closely, you can't catch everything. There are just some things that are bound to slip through the cracks here and there, whether you like it or not. And one of those things just happens to be Retro Game Challenge for the Nintendo DS.
Fortunately for me, I'm catching wind of this just in time. I'd heard the name mentioned before, and I think at first glance, it didn't quite grab me. But I was just reading the January issue of Nintendo Power when I came across the ad, and as a good ad should, it pretty much sold me immediately on the concept: The evil Game Master Arino (who's really based on a Japanese TV show host) traps you in the 80's, and forces you to play NES-styled games (shooter, racing, platformer, and role-playing) in order to get back to your time. Even better, several titles have "sequels" that follow various industry trends of the time, from keeping everything the same but improving graphics to completely changing the foundation of the title.
When you complete the challenge for each title, you unlock the full game for free play. The DS game itself also includes oldschool-styled game manuals and even fake old video game magazines (called "Game Fan," ironically) which cover actual gaming news and stories from the 80s, including the crash of '83.
Fortunately, the game has only just come out in Japan, and isn't due here in February, so I'm not totally behind. If you wish to learn more yourself, then here is the mildly-informative Wikipedia page, but for a better idea of what it's all about, you'll want to check out the official site. While the games look amusingly tongue-in-cheek, I think a large part of the appeal is the theme and narrative that ties it all together, Wario Ware style.


Attractive copperplate print showing the English Troops disembarking from their ship to take New York back from revolutionary forces, was one of a small series of prospects engraved during the American Revolutionary / War of Independence period.
Others include: the great fire of NY & the pulling down of the statue of King George III at Bowling Green. This is most certainly a contrived view, and the buildings based upon European scenery.
Titles below in both French and in German, and title in French is reversed a la the 'Vue d'optique' prints of the same period.


The main reason Why People Adore Leeds divorce solicitors. - Facedbyme Legal Assistance & Recommendations.
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Request a fee schedule from your lawyer you're considering.
For the way much experience or demand they have got, the fees may greatly differ. It's great to know the quantity you will have to pay him ahead of hiring them. There is nothing worse than losing a legal representative during your case.
When you spend a high amount initially, you might make it in the money you win in your case. General lawyers spend a lot of time taking a look at cases than specialists would, which may reduce your hourly costs.
In case you are linked to a legal matter concerning property, whether you rent or own, you should hire a lawyer who concentrates on real estate. They'll have the case done and also over with quickly and positively.
Are you aware that your lawyer must keep information you share confidential? In other words, should you discuss key issues linked to your company or company, as an example, they are not allowed to attend your competitors and disclose that information.
Establish before hand when and where it is possible to obtain face-time along with your attorney. Many attorneys get hired chances are they disappear without contacting their clients for prolonged amounts of time. Put in place a schedule to ensure that things are all in order.
You need a lawyer experienced in the cases much like your very own. Examine your potential lawyer's history. Many lawyers will list a great deal of kinds of cases that they could do, but you want a lawyer which has had success with your particular kind of case. When you are unable to find online this data, the attorney should willingly provide it for you.
Always make notes of sessions with your attorney. Take note of everything from the time and date to whether cash was exchanged. This will help you if you can find any billing or any other issues later.
Before you decide to hire any attorney, consult with the local state bar to determine if there ended up being any complaints launched against him. 1 or 2 complaints must not break an agreement, but avoid anyone who has many complaints.
Be sure that you feel comfortable in just about every way regarding the lawyer which you chose. A good attorney is not only smart and well-versed, but also, he treats people with respect and causes them to be feel at ease. In case your lawyer fails to do that, you need to get a new one right away.
When your attorney be very busy, your case might be neglected. Ask your lawyer immediately whether they will have adequate time and energy to handle your case. Their honesty is key in having the capacity to select the right candidate.
With any luck, you might be now prepared to proceed confidently. First, you should find the best lawyer, then follow his advice. With competent representation inside your corner, your case may well be more successful as well as the time will fly by..
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When researching the Whois records for this domain name, I noticed a domain name industry connection. Prior to the recent privatization of the Whois information for Obama.org, the owner of the domain name was listed as industry veteran Kellie Peterson. Kellie now works on the domain registrar side of Automattic, the parent company of WordPress.com.
According to NameBio, Obama.org was acquired via NameJet in 2011 for $2,800. Based on Historical Whois records from DomainTools, it looks to me like this was a privately held domain name that was auctioned instead of an expired domain auction. Kellie was the winning bidder in the auction, and she told me that she acquired the domain name on behalf of the President and his campaign.
Interestingly, as Kellie recalls, it was someone who was "frontrunning" the NameJet auction who alerted the President's team to the auction. Kellie's friend (Harper Reed) was CTO of President Obama's campaign, and he reached out to Kellie to bid on behalf of the President once the campaign learned the domain name would be auctioned. Kellie told me that she occasionally helped the campaign with domain name related questions.
President Obama owns BarackObama.com, which is used as the website for The Office of Barack and Michelle Obama. BarackObama.org is also owned by the President, and that forwards to Obama.org. The President does not own Obama.com.
It was neat to see this domain industry connection when reading about President Obama's Foundation.
MichelleObama.com sold in 2014 for $3,550 @ Godaddy.
It's nice to see the former president embracing the domain industry a little and becoming a blogger of sorts for his foundation.
I really like when a domain name "Goes to their rightful owner".
Before First Lady Michelle Obama, there was First Lady Laura Bush. LauraBush.com appears to be available for only $1,488 BIN at LauraBush.com. Good deal!


Together, they gave us a run-down of their science blogging experience, including some top tips and cautionary tales.
– Know WHY you are looking to blog: doesn't matter whether it's just for fun, to practice your writing, for communicating your research to peers or for engaging with those outside of your scientific research community. Having an understanding of what you want to achieve gives you ammunition to get started. But also don't be too rigid, as you begin to write more, your blog might evolve into something new as you find your voice.
– Understand your audience: James always tells journalism students that "there are lots of reasons for wanting to write, but no-one has ever felt compelled to read." So you need to consider your audience: what do they want? What have I got? And how can I say it that has most resonance with them?
– Write a good headline: this will help to draw your readers in. It's worth taking time to craft an engaging headline. Don't just dismiss it – it's the first thing that your readers see, so make sure it's an honest depiction of what is to come. James suggests that "the most import thing to do is to write a head, that if it was read out of context of anything else, so if you saw it on Twitter, that you would want to click on. But on the caveat that you don't miss-sell your post." Something that will sell the piece, something people want to hear.
– Content is king: you might have the best title in the world, but if your content isn't interesting, well informed or written, you won't find an audience. Find your own voice, give your opinions (but make it clear they are your opinions) and share your work. Once it's out there, it might find a voice of it's own.


UPDATE: The response to Ear Candy has been overwhelming! We are working hard to respond to all of you as quickly as we can. Most of the tracks on this site, along with new ones, are finally up on Itunes. We'll have some big news to announce shortly, stay tuned!
Download our most recent productions by clicking on the candy above.
Triton Labs is a Chicago based music production house. Our producers have collective experience in creating music for almost all forms of media including movies, television, and video games.


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text:
Classic Prog's Last Hurrah: It Bites' Once Around The World
Virgin Records, released May 1988
Bought: Our Price Hammersmith 1988
Everyone has their favourite summer music and Once Around The World is an album I always turn to at this time of year. It's a feast of resplendent chord changes, audacious song structures, good grooves, blistering lead guitar lines and uplifting, unusual melodies.
As a music-mad 15-year-old, this was the album I was really waiting for. I had recently become slightly obsessed by their debut The Big Lad In The Windmill and couldn't wait to hear what the talented Cumbrian four-piece would come up with next.
For some reason, I didn't buy OATW on its first day of release, but my schoolmate Jem Godfrey did. I would badger him for details in the playground. Me: 'Are there any instrumentals on it?' Jem: 'No.' Me: 'What's it like then?' Jem: 'It's bloody brilliant, just get it!'
In 1988, the world didn't need a dose of beautifully-recorded, full-on prog lunacy, but they got it anyway and the UK music scene was all the better for it. There were murmurs of a 'prog revival' at the time but It Bites (and to a certain extent Marillion) were streets ahead of the pack because they blended superb musicianship with great hooks and catchy songs.
Hats off to Richard Branson and Virgin for throwing some money at this album because it turned out to be classic prog's last hurrah. Mainly recorded at The Manor in Oxfordshire (where rumour has it singer/guitarist Francis Dunnery gained access to Richard Branson's bountiful wine cellar with disastrous consequences…), OATW is essentially one side of beautifully-produced pop/rock songs (mainly helmed by Virgin prog survivor Steve Hillage), and another of completely brilliant, barmy prog/pop pieces.
'Midnight' and 'Kiss Like Judas' are lean, mean, well-crafted pop/rock songs with good hooks and meaty grooves, but both missed the UK Top 40. 'Plastic Dreamer' fits an unbelievable amount of material into its four minutes, including a vocal harmony section that would make Roy Thomas Baker drool, a stunning guitar solo from Dunnery, some spooky Alice In Wonderland atmospherics and preposterous fantasy lyrics that would have Syd Barrett turning in his grave.
They repeat the trick on 'Hunting The Whale' and make good use of the Manor swimming pool in the process.
The 14-minute title track, whilst owing a few licks and lyric ideas to Genesis's 'Supper's Ready' (elsewhere, the last few minutes of 'Old Man And The Angel' brilliantly revisits Genesis's rhythm approach on 'The Battle Of Epping Forest', and the main hook of 'Hunting The Whale' is very similar to Steve Hackett's central riff in 'Dancing With The Moonlit Knight'), is nevertheless astoundingly ambitious and brilliantly realised considering it was recorded in the same year as Kylie's 'I Should Be So Lucky'.
They could play all this stuff live too, and with great elan (they played the whole of OATW at a fantastic gig at the much-missed London Astoria, and I also caught them in early '88 at Brunel University). Their range and ability was simply stunning.
John Beck's keyboard textures have possibly dated a bit in comparison with what, say, Trevor Horn and David Sylvian were doing with synths at the time (though his voicings and arrangement ideas are always inventive), but people often forget what an amazing rhythm section (Dick Nolan on bass, Bob Dalton on drums) It Bites had. There's a 'swing' there that suggests that they were always influenced by much more than just progressive rock, and Dunnery's guitar playing and vocals have incredible bite. Here's some great footage of them recording the title track:
Though It Bites were turning into a very popular live draw throughout Europe, the album stalled at 43 in the UK chart – surely a big surprise and disappointment to the band. But OATW is gaining fans as the years go by.
The lads took a heavier direction after this, but OATW is the standout in their short but excellent career, showing off a great band at its peak.
This entry was posted in 1988, Album Reviews, It Bites, Pop, Prog, Rock and tagged genesis, itbites, marrillion, mikeoldfield, prog, richardbranson, stevehillage, virginrecords. Bookmark the permalink.
← Story Of A Song: Chaka Khan's 'And The Melody Still Lingers On'
Frank Zappa v Corporate America: The PMRC 30 Years On →
5 thoughts on "Classic Prog's Last Hurrah: It Bites' Once Around The World"
viviane phillips says:
Absolutely brilliant! Thanks, Matt. So good to hear OATW again, brings back happy memories…and summertime blues too. V x
leonwilson12 says:
Nice one Matt. It was good to see that footage from the Twang Bang Kerrang documentary again. Unfortunately Dunnery comes across as a bit of a d!@k on the footage but it's a great album. I don't know if you saw that doc but I wore the videotape out watching the bit with Jerry Donahue bending strings on his Telecaster!
Matt Phillips (movingtheriver.com) says:
Cheers for taking the time to comment, Leon. Yes, I loved this doc. I must check out that Jerry Donahue bit if it's on YouTube, I can't remember it. I recall some good Andy Summers in it but not much else apart from Bites. 'They DO have a recording contract'! Love it. Yes, Dunnery's manic energy must have wound the rest of the guys up at times but that kind of dynamic makes for a very good band. I read a quote from Dunnery recently where he said that he and John Beck used to operate on completely different energy levels and that he was 'always waiting around' for Beck…
http://youtu.be/cti7WiR0a38 My jaw is still on the floor nearly thirty years later!
movingtheriver.com says:
Wow. Thanks for that. Fantastic. If I tried even one of them on my Strat, it would go out of tune…


Vertebrae Components » The ultimate cable housing is disappearing fast.
The ultimate cable housing is disappearing fast.
Earlier this year, we introduced a limited edition set of Vertebrae cable housing called ZTA. You can read more about its properties here.There were initially only 5000 ZTA pieces manufactured, enough for 19.2 metres of "the ultimate" housing. As of today, 67% of the limited edition ZTA vertebrae have now been sold, leaving just 6.4 metres left! This is just enough for 2 road bikes to be fully-equipped with vertebrae (alternatively, 4 MTB gear housing only sets).
There is still siginifcant interest by a number of potential buyers, so you'll need to get in quick to reserve what's left. However, just in case you miss out this time, we'll consider re-introducing this special version of Vertebrae again towards the end of 2010.
I think there's only enough ZTA pieces left now to do one complete bike. If you're interested in the exclusivity & performance advantages of ZTA, get in touch with us before we run out of stock!


At the request of 11th District Attorney General Neal Pinkston, Special Agents and Forensic Scientists from the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation continue to investigate the circumstances surrounding a fatal officer-involved shooting overnight in Hamilton County.
Preliminary information indicates the incident occurred shortly after midnight eastern at a home in the 9100 block of Broyles Drive, where three deputies responded to reports of a disorderly subject. When they arrived, deputies encountered a man, identified as Charles Bradley Payne (DOB: 9/9/76), who was armed with a baseball bat. During the exchange, Payne dropped the bat, but brandished a knife, escalating the situation and resulting in one deputy firing his service weapon, striking Payne, who died at the scene. No law enforcement officers sustained injuries in the incident.
As is our policy, the TBI does not identify the law enforcement officers involved in these types of incidents and instead refers questions of that nature to the appropriate department.


Removing the zoom bar was a deliberate design decision and I don't believe there are any plans to revisit it.
There are many other ways of zooming - shift-drag, mouse wheel, single click on +/-, shift click on +/- (zooms by three levels).
Tom, it would be nice if could you could provide a link to the relevant design decision discussion.
"shift click" and "shift-drag" - you made me laughing... And how should ANYONE know this? ;-) Update: oh, right, in the inofficial documentation the shift drag (zoom-in box) was already mentioned. I have added the shift click now.
Still, those are not replacing the zoom slider which also serves as a easily recognizable zoom-level indicator.


» You Can't Just Snap Out Of It, now free for amazon kindle for a limited time!
Our book is now out on amazon ($17.95 $3.49). The kindle version is free for a limited time here, and the pdf version will be posted here for a limited time here.
Psychological trauma can put a stranglehold on your life. Childhood abuse, car accidents, the sudden death of a loved one, the list goes on and on. You try and put things in the past and forget about them, but it can be hard to move on. Your friends and family tell you to "get over it," "move on," and "just snap out of it." You try, but it's not that easy. The more they tell you things like that, the worse you feel, because now you are a failure, in addition to everything else. But there is a better way. YOU CAN'T JUST SNAP OUT OF IT will teach you how to take charge of your recovery from psychological trauma. It gives you tools to put you on the road to recovery, like stress reduction techniques, meditation, mindfulness training, and anxiety reduction strategies, as well as changes in lifestyle that can improve your mood and how you feel about yourself. We also offer tips to partners and families to help them understand what you are going through, because loved ones may hold the key to your recovery. The book introduces the START-NOW Program, which we have developed. It incorporates an easy-to-remember acronym that spells out an eight-point plan to recovery, teaching principles like seeking safety, talking about trauma, learning altruism, and many others. This book lets YOU be in charge of your recovery, and it won't cost you an arm and a leg. Taking charge of your own recovery from psychological trauma is a powerful tool. So what are you waiting for? START-NOW!
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text:
Moreno (* 27. November 1989 in Genua als Moreno Donadoni) ist ein italienischer Rapper, der durch seinen Sieg bei der Castingshow Amici di Maria De Filippi bekannt wurde.

Werdegang
Schon seit Schulzeiten betätigte sich Moreno als Freestyler und nahm als Teil der Crew Ultimi AED an Wettbewerben teil. 2010 gewann er den Freestyle-Wettbewerb Tecniche perfette und erhielt im Anschluss die Möglichkeit, mehrere Konzerte italienischer Rapper zu eröffnen. 2012 erschien das Album No grazie pt. 2 von Ultimi AED als Gratisdownload, auf dem auch Moreno zu hören ist.

Als erster Rapper nahm Moreno 2013 an der Castingshow Amici di Maria De Filippi teil. Mit dem Lied Che confusione gelang ihm schließlich der Sieg. Daraufhin veröffentlichte er sein erstes Album Stecca, das die Spitze der italienischen Albumcharts erreichte. Nach Zusammenarbeiten mit Paola & Chiara und Max Pezzali legte er schon 2014 das zweite Album Incredibile nach. Darauf arbeitete er u. a. mit J-Ax, Alex Britti, Fiorella Mannoia, Annalisa zusammen. Als Coach kehrte er außerdem zu Amici zurück. Mit dem Lied Supereroi in San Fransokyo steuerte er einen Beitrag zum Soundtrack des Animationsfilms Baymax – Riesiges Robowabohu bei.

Beim Sanremo-Festival 2015 ging Moreno mit dem Lied Oggi ti parlo così ins Rennen, verfehlte jedoch das Finale. Im Anschluss erschien eine neue Version seines zweiten Albums. Im Sommer 2016 meldete sich der Rapper mit der Single Un giorno di festa zurück; sein drittes Album Slogan erschien im Herbst des Jahres.

Diskografie

Alben

Lieder

 Prova microfono (2014)
 L'interruttore generale (Canzone d'autore) (2014; mit Antonio Maggio)
 Supereroi in San Fransokyo (2014)
 Un giorno di festa (2016)

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website
 Moreno bei Rockol.it

Belege

Rapper
Teilnehmer an Amici di Maria De Filippi
Sieger einer Castingshow
Italiener
Geboren 1989
Mann


text:
package snapshot

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/docker/go/canonical/json"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
	"github.com/theupdateframework/notary/server/storage"
	"github.com/theupdateframework/notary/tuf/data"
	"github.com/theupdateframework/notary/tuf/signed"
	"github.com/theupdateframework/notary/tuf/testutils"
)

func TestSnapshotExpired(t *testing.T) {
	sn := &data.SignedSnapshot{
		Signatures: nil,
		Signed: data.Snapshot{
			SignedCommon: data.SignedCommon{Expires: time.Now().AddDate(-1, 0, 0)},
		},
	}
	require.True(t, snapshotExpired(sn), "Snapshot should have expired")
}

func TestSnapshotNotExpired(t *testing.T) {
	sn := &data.SignedSnapshot{
		Signatures: nil,
		Signed: data.Snapshot{
			SignedCommon: data.SignedCommon{Expires: time.Now().AddDate(1, 0, 0)},
		},
	}
	require.False(t, snapshotExpired(sn), "Snapshot should NOT have expired")
}

func TestGetSnapshotKeyCreate(t *testing.T) {
	store := storage.NewMemStorage()
	crypto := signed.NewEd25519()
	k, err := GetOrCreateSnapshotKey("gun", store, crypto, data.ED25519Key)
	require.Nil(t, err, "Expected nil error")
	require.NotNil(t, k, "Key should not be nil")

	k2, err := GetOrCreateSnapshotKey("gun", store, crypto, data.ED25519Key)

	require.Nil(t, err, "Expected nil error")

	// trying to get the key for the same gun and role will create a new key unless we have existing TUF metadata
	require.NotEqual(t, k, k2, "Did not receive same key when attempting to recreate.")
	require.NotNil(t, k2, "Key should not be nil")
}

type FailingStore struct {
	*storage.MemStorage
}

func (f FailingStore) GetCurrent(gun data.GUN, role data.RoleName) (*time.Time, []byte, error) {
	return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failing store failed")
}

func TestGetSnapshotKeyCreateWithFailingStore(t *testing.T) {
	store := FailingStore{storage.NewMemStorage()}
	crypto := signed.NewEd25519()
	k, err := GetOrCreateSnapshotKey("gun", store, crypto, data.ED25519Key)
	require.Error(t, err, "Expected error")
	require.Nil(t, k, "Key should be nil")
}

type CorruptedStore struct {
	*storage.MemStorage
}

func (c CorruptedStore) GetCurrent(gun data.GUN, role data.RoleName) (*time.Time, []byte, error) {
	return &time.Time{}, []byte("junk"), nil
}

func TestGetSnapshotKeyCreateWithCorruptedStore(t *testing.T) {
	store := CorruptedStore{storage.NewMemStorage()}
	crypto := signed.NewEd25519()
	k, err := GetOrCreateSnapshotKey("gun", store, crypto, data.ED25519Key)
	require.Error(t, err, "Expected error")
	require.Nil(t, k, "Key should be nil")
}

func TestGetSnapshotKeyCreateWithInvalidAlgo(t *testing.T) {
	store := storage.NewMemStorage()
	crypto := signed.NewEd25519()
	k, err := GetOrCreateSnapshotKey("gun", store, crypto, "notactuallyanalgorithm")
	require.Error(t, err, "Expected error")
	require.Nil(t, k, "Key should be nil")
}

func TestGetSnapshotKeyExistingMetadata(t *testing.T) {
	repo, crypto, err := testutils.EmptyRepo("gun")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	sgnd, err := repo.SignRoot(data.DefaultExpires(data.CanonicalRootRole), nil)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	rootJSON, err := json.Marshal(sgnd)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	store := storage.NewMemStorage()
	require.NoError(t,
		store.UpdateCurrent("gun", storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalRootRole, Version: 0, Data: rootJSON}))

	snapshotRole, err := repo.Root.BuildBaseRole(data.CanonicalSnapshotRole)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	key, ok := snapshotRole.Keys[repo.Root.Signed.Roles[data.CanonicalSnapshotRole].KeyIDs[0]]
	require.True(t, ok)

	k, err := GetOrCreateSnapshotKey("gun", store, crypto, data.ED25519Key)
	require.Nil(t, err, "Expected nil error")
	require.NotNil(t, k, "Key should not be nil")
	require.Equal(t, key, k, "Did not receive same key when attempting to recreate.")
	require.NotNil(t, k, "Key should not be nil")

	k2, err := GetOrCreateSnapshotKey("gun", store, crypto, data.ED25519Key)

	require.Nil(t, err, "Expected nil error")

	require.Equal(t, k, k2, "Did not receive same key when attempting to recreate.")
	require.NotNil(t, k2, "Key should not be nil")

	// try wiping out the cryptoservice data, and ensure we create a new key because the signer doesn't hold the key specified by TUF
	crypto = signed.NewEd25519()
	k3, err := GetOrCreateSnapshotKey("gun", store, crypto, data.ED25519Key)
	require.Nil(t, err, "Expected nil error")
	require.NotEqual(t, k, k3, "Received same key when attempting to recreate.")
	require.NotEqual(t, k2, k3, "Received same key when attempting to recreate.")
	require.NotNil(t, k3, "Key should not be nil")
}

// If there is no previous snapshot or the previous snapshot is corrupt, then
// even if everything else is in place, getting the snapshot fails
func TestGetSnapshotNoPreviousSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
	repo, crypto, err := testutils.EmptyRepo("gun")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	sgnd, err := repo.SignRoot(data.DefaultExpires(data.CanonicalRootRole), nil)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	rootJSON, err := json.Marshal(sgnd)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	for _, snapshotJSON := range [][]byte{nil, []byte("invalid JSON")} {
		store := storage.NewMemStorage()

		// so we know it's not a failure in getting root
		require.NoError(t,
			store.UpdateCurrent("gun", storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalRootRole, Version: 0, Data: rootJSON}))

		if snapshotJSON != nil {
			require.NoError(t,
				store.UpdateCurrent("gun",
					storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalSnapshotRole, Version: 0, Data: snapshotJSON}))
		}

		hashBytes := sha256.Sum256(snapshotJSON)
		hashHex := hex.EncodeToString(hashBytes[:])

		_, _, err = GetOrCreateSnapshot("gun", hashHex, store, crypto)
		require.Error(t, err, "GetSnapshot should have failed")
		if snapshotJSON == nil {
			require.IsType(t, storage.ErrNotFound{}, err)
		} else {
			require.IsType(t, &json.SyntaxError{}, err)
		}
	}
}

// If there WAS a pre-existing snapshot, and it is not expired, then just return it (it doesn't
// load any other metadata that it doesn't need)
func TestGetSnapshotReturnsPreviousSnapshotIfUnexpired(t *testing.T) {
	store := storage.NewMemStorage()
	repo, crypto, err := testutils.EmptyRepo("gun")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	// create an expired snapshot
	sgnd, err := repo.SignSnapshot(data.DefaultExpires(data.CanonicalSnapshotRole))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	snapshotJSON, err := json.Marshal(sgnd)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	require.NoError(t, store.UpdateCurrent("gun",
		storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalSnapshotRole, Version: 0, Data: snapshotJSON}))

	hashBytes := sha256.Sum256(snapshotJSON)
	hashHex := hex.EncodeToString(hashBytes[:])

	// test when db is missing the role data (no root)
	_, gottenSnapshot, err := GetOrCreateSnapshot("gun", hashHex, store, crypto)
	require.NoError(t, err, "GetSnapshot should not have failed")
	require.True(t, bytes.Equal(snapshotJSON, gottenSnapshot))
}

func TestGetSnapshotOldSnapshotExpired(t *testing.T) {
	store := storage.NewMemStorage()
	repo, crypto, err := testutils.EmptyRepo("gun")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	sgnd, err := repo.SignRoot(data.DefaultExpires(data.CanonicalRootRole), nil)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	rootJSON, err := json.Marshal(sgnd)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	// create an expired snapshot
	sgnd, err = repo.SignSnapshot(time.Now().AddDate(-1, -1, -1))
	require.True(t, repo.Snapshot.Signed.Expires.Before(time.Now()))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	snapshotJSON, err := json.Marshal(sgnd)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	// set all the metadata
	require.NoError(t, store.UpdateCurrent("gun",
		storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalRootRole, Version: 0, Data: rootJSON}))
	require.NoError(t, store.UpdateCurrent("gun",
		storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalSnapshotRole, Version: 0, Data: snapshotJSON}))

	hashBytes := sha256.Sum256(snapshotJSON)
	hashHex := hex.EncodeToString(hashBytes[:])

	_, gottenSnapshot, err := GetOrCreateSnapshot("gun", hashHex, store, crypto)
	require.NoError(t, err, "GetSnapshot errored")

	require.False(t, bytes.Equal(snapshotJSON, gottenSnapshot),
		"Snapshot was not regenerated when old one was expired")

	signedMeta := &data.SignedMeta{}
	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(gottenSnapshot, signedMeta))
	// the new metadata is not expired
	require.True(t, signedMeta.Signed.Expires.After(time.Now()))
}

// If the root is missing or corrupt, no snapshot can be generated
func TestCannotMakeNewSnapshotIfNoRoot(t *testing.T) {
	repo, crypto, err := testutils.EmptyRepo("gun")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	// create an expired snapshot
	_, err = repo.SignSnapshot(time.Now().AddDate(-1, -1, -1))
	require.True(t, repo.Snapshot.Signed.Expires.Before(time.Now()))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	snapshotJSON, err := json.Marshal(repo.Snapshot)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	for _, rootJSON := range [][]byte{nil, []byte("invalid JSON")} {
		store := storage.NewMemStorage()

		if rootJSON != nil {
			require.NoError(t, store.UpdateCurrent("gun",
				storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalRootRole, Version: 0, Data: rootJSON}))
		}
		require.NoError(t, store.UpdateCurrent("gun",
			storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalSnapshotRole, Version: 1, Data: snapshotJSON}))

		hashBytes := sha256.Sum256(snapshotJSON)
		hashHex := hex.EncodeToString(hashBytes[:])

		_, _, err := GetOrCreateSnapshot("gun", hashHex, store, crypto)
		require.Error(t, err, "GetSnapshot errored")

		if rootJSON == nil { // missing metadata
			require.IsType(t, storage.ErrNotFound{}, err)
		} else {
			require.IsType(t, &json.SyntaxError{}, err)
		}
	}
}

func TestCreateSnapshotNoKeyInCrypto(t *testing.T) {
	store := storage.NewMemStorage()
	repo, _, err := testutils.EmptyRepo("gun")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	sgnd, err := repo.SignRoot(data.DefaultExpires(data.CanonicalRootRole), nil)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	rootJSON, err := json.Marshal(sgnd)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	// create an expired snapshot
	sgnd, err = repo.SignSnapshot(time.Now().AddDate(-1, -1, -1))
	require.True(t, repo.Snapshot.Signed.Expires.Before(time.Now()))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	snapshotJSON, err := json.Marshal(sgnd)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	// set all the metadata so we know the failure to sign is just because of the key
	require.NoError(t, store.UpdateCurrent("gun",
		storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalRootRole, Version: 0, Data: rootJSON}))
	require.NoError(t, store.UpdateCurrent("gun",
		storage.MetaUpdate{Role: data.CanonicalSnapshotRole, Version: 0, Data: snapshotJSON}))

	hashBytes := sha256.Sum256(snapshotJSON)
	hashHex := hex.EncodeToString(hashBytes[:])

	// pass it a new cryptoservice without the key
	_, _, err = GetOrCreateSnapshot("gun", hashHex, store, signed.NewEd25519())
	require.Error(t, err)
	require.IsType(t, signed.ErrInsufficientSignatures{}, err)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Camp School design is best shared by the whole class project. The design is good to start well in advance. The camp school program planning is always based on class needs and wishes, which the school camp instructor finalizes each class timetable a suitable program.
• Read the teacher's manual before arrival Oivanki.


Good news for Gmail users: The service's web portal just got new customization features. According to Gaurav Vijay the Official Gmail Blog, Google has added new themes and customization options along with support for emoji. Here's what you need to know about the update.
Gmail themes are a simple way to customize and add personality to your Gmail webmail sessions. Accessed through the Settings icon located near the top right of your Gmail window (the cogwheel), the key component of every theme is the background image used behind your inbox. Today's update brings a wealth of new photo options, from majestic mountain scenes to close-up photos of a sandwich. And if you don't like any of the themes provided, Gmail provides you the option to upload your own theme images.
Themes are more customizable than before, too. At the bottom of the main "Pick your theme" screen window you'll notice new menu options. The Vignette slider allows you to make the corners of your theme darker, while the Blur slider lets you control how sharp the background image is. The Text Background icon lets you choose between white text on a dark background and dark text on a light background. Once you've gotten the perfect theme setup, you can share it with friends via the "Share your theme" option, also located under Settings.
My friends and I have fallen in love with emoji, tiny pictographs commonly added to text messages. Now, Google Gmail supports emoji use too, allowing you to add a dash of fun to your email messages. Just keep an eye out for the new "Insert Emoticon" menu option at the bottom of your Gmail compose window.
Google says these updates are rolling out over the next few days, so if you don't have these cool new features yet, be patient. To learn more about these new additions to Gmail, check out the Official Gmail Blog. For more cool Gmail features, take a look at these 5 tips for getting the most out of Gmail and be sure to read up on the new Undo Send feature to retrieve accidentally sent emails.


A great gift for your favorite coffee consuming coder! "Turn Coffee into Code" will resonate with software engineers, developers, and just about all who code!
Use with your favorite coffee mug! The mug shown in photo is not included.
The binary code on the coaster means "Coder"!


text:
David W. Potgiesser
A celebration of Dave's life will be held at a later date. Memorial contributions may be made to the charity of one's choice, c/o the funeral home.
Reverend Albert E. Caley, Jr.
The family will meet for a private visitation and graveside committal service on Wednesday, September 30, 2020. He will be laid to rest at the Schoolcraft cemetery. For those that wish to make a lasting gift, please consider making memorial contribut
Harold J. Gray, Jr.
A memorial service to celebrate Harold's life will be held on Wednesday, September 30, 2020 at 2:00 PM at Galesburg United Methodist Church, 111 W. Battle Creek St., Galesburg, MI 49053. A time of visitation will take place at the church one hour p
Elaine R. Keene
In accordance with her wishes, cremation has taken place and a private service to memorialize Elaine will be held at the Centre Avenue Church of God in Portage, Michigan. In lieu of flowers, contributions in Elaine's memory may be made to the Alzhe
Brenda Stephenson
A service to commemorate Brenda's life will be held on Saturday, October 3, 2020, at 1:00 p.m. at 12th Street Baptist Church, 3911 S. 12th Street, Kalamazoo. Memorial contributions may be made to Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, c/o the funeral ho
William B. Wilson
Everett "Butch" R. Hayden
In accordance with the current restrictions, the family wishes to have a celebration of life for Butch in the near future when his family and friends can all be together. To honor Butch's love of nature and specifically bird and wildlife preservati
Margaret A. Brussee
A funeral service will be held on Saturday, October 10, 2020 at 11:00 AM at Texas Corners Bible Church, 7780 S. 8th St., Kalamazoo, MI 49009, with Pastor David Thompson officiating. Interment will be at Mt. Ever-Rest Memorial Park – North (located
Jeffrey D. Bair
A memorial picnic will be held at the home of Richard and Bonnie Bair, 27335 - 22nd Avenue, Gobles, on Saturday, September 26, 2020, at 4:00 p.m. Food will be provided. Interment will be held with military honors at Ft. Custer National Cemetery. To
Virginia O'Brien
A family service and a Celebration of Ginger's Life for friends are being planned for later dates. To make a lasting gift in Ginger's memory you are invited to contribute to Senior Services of Southwest Michigan, Kalamazoo Animal Rescue or any ch
Joanne K. Moon
A Mass of Christian Burial will be held at St. Joseph Catholic Church, 936 Lake St., Kalamazoo, MI 49001, on Monday, September 28, 2020 at 11:00 AM, Msgr. Michael Hazard and Fr. Antony Rajesh, celebrants. Interment will follow at Mt. Olivet Catholic
Dan W. Sivley
The family is planning a private memorial service. Memorial contributions may be made to First Freewill Baptist Church or the NRA, c/o the funeral home.
James F. Droste
A private committal service with full military honors will take place at Ft. Custer National Cemetery in Augusta, Michigan. Memorial contributions in Jim's memory may be made to Hospice Care of Southwest Michigan.
Lyndel Johnson
The family is planning a private memorial service at a later date. Memorial contributions may be made to Hospice Care of Southwest Michigan, c/o the funeral home.
Kristy M. Moore
In accordance with her wish cremation will take place and private family services will be held. Memorial contributions may be made to the Humane Society, c/o the funeral home.
Rita J. Boyer
In accordance with her wish cremation will take place and she will be laid to rest privately at Genesee Prairie Cemetery. Memorial contributions may be made to West Michigan Cancer Center or Hospice Care of S. W. Michigan, c/o the funeral home.
Gilma K. Softas
A private family memorial service has taken place at St. Ambrose Catholic Church. Donations in Gilma's memory may be made to Hospice Care of Southwest Michigan or Grace Valley Assisted Living, c/o the funeral home.
Carol L. Lipski
A private committal service to honor her life will be held at Ft. Custer National Cemetery. Memorial contributions may be made to Rose Arbor Hospice Residence, c/o the funeral home.
George E. Puckett
A committal service will take place on Saturday, September 19, 2020, at 1:00 p.m. at Roof Cemetery in Climax, Michigan with Pastor Chad Speer officiating. Memorial contributions may be made to Hospice Care of Southwest Michigan.
Mark A. Harrington
In accordance with his wishes, cremation will take place and a gathering to celebrate his life will be held on Monday, September 14, 2020 at Spring Valley Church, from 6-8 p.m. He will be laid to rest with full military honors at Fort Custer National
Willard L. Nieboer
In accordance with COVID-19 restrictions, a private funeral service will take place at Heritage Christian Reformed Church. Burial with full military honors will be held at Ft. Custer National Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may b
Rose E. Parniske
A private family celebration of her life will be held at a later date. Memorial contributions in Rose's memory may be given to the Alzheimer's Association.
James E. Ready
In accordance with Jim's wish, cremation will take place and a celebration of his life will take place at a later date.
Robert W. Davidson
No services are being planned. Bob and Betty will be laid to rest at Mt. Ever Rest Memorial Park. Memorial contributions may be made to the Kalamazoo SPCA, c/o the funeral home.
Robert J. Miller
In accordance with his wishes, cremation will take place and a memorial will be held in June, 2021 at the American Legion in South Haven, Michigan. Memorial contributions in Robert's memory may be made to a charity of one's choice, c/o the funera
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The Boba X is a new, fully adjustable soft structured carrier (SSC) made by veteran babywearing company Boba. It is made of super soft 100% cotton twill fabric as opposed to canvas, which most SSCs are made from. It is suitable from birth through toddlerhood and beyond.
The carrier adjusts width-wise at the base of the panel with a piece of wide webbing inside the waistband. It secures with velcro as opposed to snaps, which makes the waist and bottom of the panel as bit more supportive than other carriers that adjust in this way. The height of the panel is also adjustable via webbing attached to a dual direction ladder lock attached at the strap which also gives the carrier generous perfect fit adjusters (PFAs) to allow it to fit caregivers of all sizes. Both the waistband and the shoulder straps have dual adjust buckles to allow for an excellent fit, with easy adjustment whether you're wearing baby on your front or back. The webbing is slightly thicker than other brands, so a brand new carrier is slightly more difficult to adjust. But after some wearing, it slides more easily.
I had the pleasure of trying out the Boba X with an infant, a toddler, and a preschooler. The infant in question was about 8 weeks and the carrier easily cinched down small enough for him with only a couple adjustments and could still have cinched even smaller to fit a tiny, curled up newborn safely and comfortably. I was able to try the carrier on my 11 year old daughter with the infant. She wears an xs in women's clothing and the Boba X did NOT disappoint when it came to fitting her body correctly. Even with a tiny baby, it fit them both well and I can definitely recommend this as a carrier that will fit petite caregivers.
When it came time to try it out with my toddler, I was able to adjust the carrier up to fit him with only a couple, quick webbing adjustments. It took me seconds to adjust properly, so if you're needing something to quickly and easily switch between children, this would be an excellent option. The carrier offered excellent support for my larger toddler. The waistband in particular was extremely comfortable and supportive. It also doesn't seem to fold under the weight of a larger child like some other carriers with the internal waistband adjustment style. The panel height, fully extended, seemed to fit my son (wearing 2T clothing) perfectly. He was able to snuggle with his arms inside the carrier but could easily get them out when he wanted to point or hold his big sister's hand. The dual adjust buckles under the arms are a little different than other dual adjust buckles that I have tried. So it took a moment of thinking when I switched from front carrying to back carrying. But it was still a smooth and easy transition.
Wearing the carrier with my 4 year old was less comfortable than I hoped it would be. The toddler panel extensions zip onto the sides of the panel on each side and snap onto the waistband to anchor themselves. It took a moment to figure out which one went on which side, but we managed it after a couple attempts. I only tried it out on my back with my big girl, because she's so tall it's difficult to front wear her. The zip on extensions did help her feel more supported, but she was really a bit too big to feel very comfortable. Since the panel height was fully extended with the 18 month old, it definitely wasn't tall enough for my 4 year old to snuggle in the way she likes.
Overall, I thought this was an excellent carrier and could tell that Boba put a lot of thought into designing something that would fit not only growing children, but caregivers of all sizes. It was easy to adjust down for smaller babies and then up for larger babies and toddlers. I can confidently recommend this as a carrier that will comfortably carry your child from the newborn stage through toddlerhood and beyond. It is definitely suitable for all real life parenting situations, from dropping the kids off at school, to neighborhood walks, to hours of wearing in the July-in-Ohio heat and humidity at a fireworks display. This could truly be a one and done carrier.


text:
Michail Bogdanovič Barclay de Tolly (;  Pamūšis, Kuronské a zemgalské vévodství, dnes Litva –  Insterburg, Východní Prusko) byl ruský generál, který v době napoleonských válek zmodernizoval carskou armádu a zrealizoval ve své době kontroverzní strategii, která při Vlastenecké válce v roce 1812 nesporně přispěla k porážce Napoleonovy půlmilionové armády. Za své zásluhy byl na sklonku vojenské kariéry povýšen do hodnosti polního maršála a byl mu udělen titul knížete.

Mládí
Michail Bogdanovič (Michael Andreas) Barclay de Tolly pocházel ze zchudlé větve skotského šlechtického rodu Barclay de Tolly usazené v Livonsku, kam se jeden z jeho předků uchýlil z politických důvodů v průběhu 17. století. Jeho děd byl starostou Rigy a otec Weinhold Gotthard Barclay de Tolly (1734–1781) odešel do výslužby z ruské armády jako poručík. Ve svých třech letech byl Michail Bogdanovič poslán do Petrohradu ke svému strýci, jenž byl brigadýrem ruské armády a dal chlapci počáteční vojenské vzdělání. V osmi letech byl zapsán jako kadet v Novotrojickém kyrysnickém pluku, nicméně službu začal teprve v roce 1776 jako vachmistr pskovského karabinického pluku. V roce 1778, po náročném studiu a bezchybné službě, se stal trubačem (kornetem) a za osm let byl povýšen na poručíka.

První válečné zkušenosti
V roce 1786 byl Barclay převelen do Finského mysliveckého sboru a byl jmenován generálním pobočníkem prince Anhaltsko-Bernburského, po jehož boku se účastnil rusko-turecké války (1787–1791). Křest ohněm prodělal při úspěšném útoku na město Očakov (1788) a za "projevenou statečnost a chladnokrevnost" byl po této akci vyznamenán řádem sv. Vladimíra IV. stupně. V dalších bojích ve vojsku generála Platova se vyznamenal u Căuşeni a při dobytí Akkermanu (30. září 1789). V roce 1790 byl převelen k Finské armádě, v jejichž řadách se účastnil rusko-švédské války (1788–1790). V průběhu bojových operací byl při neúspěšném útoku na švédské opevnění smrtelně zraněn princ Anhaltsko-Bernburský (20. dubna 1790). Když bylo zřejmé, že zranění podlehne, nechal si zavolat Michaila Bogdanoviče a odkázal mu svůj meč, aby jej použil k prospěchu a slávě Ruska. Po podepsání mírových podmínek byl budoucí maršál převelen k petrohradskému granátnickému pluku, spolu s nímž se v roce 1794 účastnil války proti polským povstalcům. Za mimořádný úspěch při dobývání hradeb města Vilna a za porážku brigády plukovníka Grabowského u města Grodna, obdržel řád sv. Jiří IV. stupně a byl povýšen na podplukovníka. V roce 1796 přestoupil k Estonskému mysliveckému pluku (roku 1798 byla jednotka přejmenovaná na 4. myslivecký pluk) a stal se velitelem jeho I. praporu. V průběhu roku 1798 byl jmenován velitelem pluku a obdržel hodnost plukovníka. Za výborný stav jednotky byl v roce 1799 povýšen do hodnosti generálmajora.

Proti Napoleonovi

V roce 1805 vyrazil 4. myslivecký pluk pod velením generála Barclaye do války proti Francii, nicméně ještě za pochodu k vrchnímu veliteli armády generálporučíkovi Bennigsenovi dorazila zpráva o bitvě u Slavkova a jednotka se vrátila zpět do kasáren. Ve válkách čtvrté koalice (1806–1807) vedl jednu z brigád 4. divize pod velením Andreje Andrejeviče Golicyna. V bitvě u Pultuska mu velitel 1. ruské armády genpor. Bennigsen rozkázal zaujmout pozici na pravém křídle bitevní sestavy v Moszynském lese. V první fázi střetnutí vojáci pod jeho velením sváděli urputné boje se Suchetovou brigádou, avšak ve chvíli, kdy jim do pravého boku vpadla Daultannova (Gudinova) divize od Davoutova sboru, byli v husté vánici nuceni ze své pozice ustoupit. Při ústupu z Pultuska, spolu s generály Markovem (1769-1828) a Baggovutem (1761-1812), zastával předvoj 76 000 rusko-pruské armády. Posléze pod velením generála Bagrationa jeho muži tvořili zadní voj Bannigsenovy armády, který se snažil uniknout z kleští, nastražených na něj Napoleonem. 6. února 1807 měl za úkol zdržet Francouze v dalším postupu a umožnit Ruské armádě se od nepřítele odpoutat. Opevnil se proto ve vesničce Hof (Dwózno). Po třetí hodině odpolední jeho muži odrazili tři útoky francouzské jízdy, ale podlehli čtvrtému, drtivému útoku kyrysníků, kteří je obrátili na ústup. Situaci stabilizovaly až dva pluky kyrysníků, vedených knížetem Golicynem, který vzápětí při útoku na kyrysníky francouzské zahynul. Barclay de Tolly musel ustoupit, ale bojiště úplně nevyklidil. Druhého dne spolu s generálem Bagrationem zahájili ústup směrem k Pruskému Jílovému. První den bitvy u Jílového obsadily Barclayovy jednotky hřbitov a kostel v Jílovém. Při krvavém útoku Francouzů na vesnici a tuhém odporu Rusů, byl Barclay de Tolly těžce zraněn do ruky, přičemž došlo i ke zlomenině kosti. Tím pro něj bylo tažení u konce a musel opustit armádu, ale útěchou mu mohlo být, že byl povýšen na generálporučíka.

V rusko-švédské válce v letech 1808—1809 ruské vojsko pod velením Barclaye de Tolly uskutečnilo překvapivý přechod zamrzlého Botnického zálivu a přičinilo se o pád pevnosti Umea, čímž přimělo Švédy zahájit vyjednávání a postoupit Finsko Ruskému impériu. V březnu 1809 byl ustanoven generálem infanterie, jmenován vrchním velitelem ruské armády ve Finsku a generálním guvernérem nově připojeného Finska. Při uzavření míru byl vyznamenán řádem svatého Alexandra Něvského. Později se jeho nástupcem na místě guvernéra stal Fadděj Štejngel.

V roce 1809 bylo v Ruské armádě 61 generálporučíků. Z tohoto seznamu bylo Barclaye de Tolly za věkově staršími generály na 47. místě. Tím, že byl jmenován generálem pěchoty, předběhl 46 mužů. Ti se tjeho povýšení cítili dotčeni. Rozhořčeně o něm začali mluvit jako o "podlézavci". Klevety ale plodila závist, neboť byl vojensky nadaný i organizačně schopný. Do ledna 1810 zůstal vrchním velitelem ruské armády ve Finsku. Od 20. ledna 1810 do září 1812 působil jako ministr války. V této funkci věnoval mnoho úsilí pro zesílení armády. Zavedl "Řád pro řízení velkých armádních celků", v němž přesně stanovil práva a povinnosti vyšších náčelníků a personálu polních štábů. Založil novou organizaci vojenských sborů i nové vojenské stanovy, docílil zdokonalení v bojové přípravě, zvýšil početní stavy armády a rovněž se zasadil o výstavbu nových fortifikací.

Vlastenecká válka roku 1812

Barclay de Tollymu nebyl odpuštěn jeho cizí původ, zejména ne pravověrnými Rusy, kteří v něm stále viděli cizáka a požadovali jeho sesazení z funkce vrchního velitele. Navíc šlechta, carský dvůr ani obchodníci nebyli nadšeni taktikou spálené země, kterou uplatňoval ve válce se silnější Napoleonovou armádou.

V roce 1812 Barclay de Tolly velel 1. západní armádě, která stála na hranicích impéria v Litvě. Jeho armádu tvořilo šest pěších sborů, tři jezdecké sbory a lehké jezdectvo atamana Platova, tedy cca 110 000 mužů a 558 děl. Druhé armádě velel generál Bagration, třetí záložní armádě velel generál Tormasov. Všem třem celkům však s určitými omezeními velel de Tolly. 28. června za prvních bojových potyček proběhlo stahování 1. armády z Vilna k opevněnému táboru u Drissy. První větší boje proběhly v okolí Vitebska a Smolenska, ale generální bitvu stále účelově odmítal. 2. srpna došlo ke spojení 1. a 2. armády. Bagration se neochotně podřídil de Tollyho velení a za čas jej začal obviňovat z neschopnosti. Nezbytnost ústupu zapříčinila nelibost v zemi i u armády. Poté, co byl nucen opustit Smolensk a po bojích u Valutiny Hory dál ustupovat k Moskvě, se 20. srpna 1812 ze všech stran ovlivňovaný car nerad odhodlal ustanovit velitelem všech vojsk M. I. Kutuzova. Barclay de Tolly zůstal velitelem 1. armády, odvolání z funkce vrchního velitele však pro něj byla obrovská rána. Dalo mu mnoho úsilí nedat své pocity najevo, nicméně požádal cara, aby jej zprostil také povinností ministra války. Imperátor jeho žádosti vyhověl, přesto své stávající povinnosti vykonával s iniciativou, jaká mu byla vlastní a tiše snášel opovržení, které k němu chovala většina národa. Generálu Jermolovovi se devět dní po bitvě u Borodina svěřil, že v boji hledal smrt. V průběhu tohoto střetnutí, které byl Kutuzov přinucen svést před branami Moskvy, de Tolly velel středu a pravému křídlu armády. V nejtěžších chvílích podporoval generála Jermolova i Miloradoviče. V jednu chvíli se svou svitou vjel mezi francouzské kyrysníky útočící u Velké reduty, jeden z kyrysníků už se napřahoval, aby jej zabil palašem, ale zachránil ho jeho věrný podkoní, který jezdce sestřelil z koně. Na konci bitvy, když už Francouzi opanovali všechny důležité body bojiště a vojáci byli velmi unavení, poslal de Tolly ke Kutuzovovi svého pobočníka s žádostí o další pokyny, respektive s návrhem, aby ruská armáda zahájila ústup. Kutuzov však odpověděl velmi alibisticky: "…pokud se nebude Napoleon bít, nebudou se bít ani Rusové," čímž zodpovědnost za ústup svaloval na de Tollyho. Nicméně psaný rozkaz obsahoval i instrukce, aby se armáda z bojiště stáhla na úroveň vesnice Gorky a za Utický les. Zde se de Tolly snažil vybudovat další linii obrany, na níž by jeho jednotky vedly boje i následující den, avšak Kutuzovovy instrukce jej rozladily, neboť byl přesvědčen, že jeho muži budou schopni vést protiútok ještě téhož večera, ne však nazítří, kdy to s ohledem na celkovou únavu nebude možné. Barclay de Tolly mezitím zjistil, že se Francouzi z většiny dobytých pozic stáhli a na bitevním poli zanechali jen nepatrné síly. Vydal proto rozkaz, aby druhého dne ráno generál Miloradovič obsadil pozici, kde stála Rajevského baterie. V nočních hodinách však Kutuzov změnil své rozkazy a nařídil všeobecný ústup na výšiny u Možajska. Michail Bogdanovič s tímto rozhodnutím nesouhlasil, avšak Dochturův sbor již vyrazil na pochod, proto mu nezbývalo než se podřídit a začít své muže organizovaně stahovat určeným směrem.

Po rozhodnutí opustit Moskvu, jejíž obranu považoval pro stav vojska za nemožnou, požádal imperátora o zproštění ze služby. Na konci října dostal svolení a vydal se do Kalugy a později na podzim, cestou přes Petrohrad, dorazil do své vesnice v Livonii. Zde napsal dlouhý dopis Caru Alexandrovi I. ve kterém se pokusil vyložit své vidění války i důvody odjezdu z armády. Jako odpověď obdržel přátelsky laděný dopis, v němž car přiznal správnosti jeho činů ve funkci velitele 1. armády. Dodnes všichni historici považují jeho strategii vedení války v její první fázi za správnou a vzhledem k možnostem, kterými disponoval, za nevyhnutelnou.

Na sklonku života

3. února 1813 Barclay de Tolly přijal velení 3. armády. 25. května, po odvolání generála Wittgensteina, přijal velení rusko-pruské armády. Bylo to v předvečer příměří s Napoleonem. Po vypršení příměří byly jeho jednotky začleněny do rámce České armády pod velením rakouského polního maršála Schwarzenberga. S tímto spojeneckým uskupením se účastnil bitvy u Drážďan, bitvy Chlumce a Přestanova, bitvy u Lipska a operací u Paříže. Za zásluhy byl povýšen na hraběte, a po vítězství u Paříže 18. března 1814 obdržel hůl polního maršála (feldmaršál). O jedenáct dní později se Napoleon vzdal trůnu a válka skončila. De Tolly byl po návratu do Ruska jmenován vrchním velitelem 1. armády, která kvartýrovala v Polsku. V průběhu "sta dní" s armádou opět táhl do Francie, než však stačil zasáhnout do bojů, byl Napoleon poražen v bitvě u Waterloo. 30. srpna 1815 byl za skvělý stav armády carem Alexandrem I. jmenován do knížecího stavu. Také spojenci jej dekorovali řadou vyznamenání a řádů.

Počátkem roku 1818 dostal Barclay de Tolly dovolenou a odcestoval na léčení do německých lázní. Do cíle své cesty však nikdy nedorazil. Dne 15. (26.) května 1818 ve věku 57 let, necelých dvanáct kilometrů od Instenburgu, zemřel. 30. května bylo jeho tělo převezeno do Rigy, kde se konal okázalý smuteční obřad. Maršálovo srdce je pochováno na nevelkém návrší na cípu Botnického zálivu a nabalzamované ostatky zemřelého byly doručeny do rodového statku Bekrof. V roce 1823 mu nechala jeho manželka vystavět mauzoleum, které je zachováno do dnešních dnů.

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Externí odkazy

  Životopisy ruských osobností na portálu "XPOHOC"

Osobnosti napoleonských válek
Ruští maršálové
Baltští Němci
Guvernéři Finského velkoknížectví
Nositelé Vojenského řádu svatého Jindřicha
Rytíři Řádu černé orlice
Rusové skotského původu
Narození v roce 1761
Narození 27. prosince
Úmrtí v roce 1818
Úmrtí 26. května
Muži


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text:
Livia Klausová, rodným jménem Mištinová, (* 10. listopadu 1943 Bratislava) je česká ekonomka a v letech 2003–2013 první dáma České republiky z titulu manželky prezidenta republiky Václava Klause. Mezi lety 2013 až 2018 působila jako velvyslankyně České republiky na Slovensku.

Profesní kariéra
Narodila se 10. listopadu 1943 v Bratislavě v rodině učitelky a právníka, jako jedna z pěti dětí. Její otec Štefan Miština pracoval od ledna 1940 jako vedoucí cenzurního oddělení tajné policie Ústředny státní bezpečnosti v Bratislavě. Osobně se podílel na perzekuci slovenských Židů. V mládí byla jiskrou, pionýrkou a svazačkou. V roce 1966 vystudovala obchodní fakultu Vysoké školy ekonomické v Praze, obor zahraniční obchod. V témže roce získala i diplom na Université Internationale de Sciences Comparées v Lucemburku.

Po krátkém působení v PZO Centrotex se stala odbornou, později vědeckou pracovnicí Ekonomického ústavu ČSAV, kde pracovala až do roku 1993. V roce 1969 studovala na Europa-Institutu v Amsterdamu. V letech 1994 až 2000 působila jako výkonná tajemnice České společnosti ekonomické.

V Ekonomickém ústavu ČSAV se zabývala především problematikou mezinárodních financí a mezinárodních měnových institucí. Vedle četné publikační činnosti se od roku 1990 účastnila i řady mezinárodních konferencí věnovaných jak transformaci české ekonomiky tak i konferencí zaměřených na finance a bankovnictví. Po roce 1990 pracovala jako členka dozorčích rad v České spořitelně, ČEZ a ZVVZ Milevsko.

Angažmá v diplomacii
Dne 31. července 2013 vláda Jiřího Rusnoka schválila nástup Klausové do funkce velvyslankyně pro Slovenskou republiku, aniž o tom informovala veřejnost. Dne 5. listopadu 2013 její pověřovací listinu podepsal prezident Miloš Zeman, kterého podpořila v prezidentské kampani. Dne 16. prosince 2013 předala tyto pověřovací listiny slovenskému prezidentovi Ivanu Gašparovičovi a oficiálně se tak stala velvyslankyní České republiky na Slovensku. Na konci března 2018 bylo oznámeno, že se rozhodla na vlastní žádost svou misi velvyslankyně ukončit ke konci dubna 2018.

Osobní život
Za Václava Klause se vdala v roce 1968. S manželem mají dva syny, Václava (* 1969) a Jana (* 1974).

Je čestnou patronkou Registru dárců kostní dřeně, pomáhala dětem z Ústavu sociální péče v Bystřici nad Úhlavou a nadaci Život 90.

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Reference

Literatura

Externí odkazy

Slovenští ekonomové
Čeští ekonomové
První dámy České republiky
Manželky premiérů České republiky
Velvyslanci České republiky na Slovensku
České velvyslankyně
Češi slovenského původu
Absolventi Vysoké školy ekonomické v Praze
Václav Klaus
Narození 10. listopadu
Narození v roce 1943
Narození v Bratislavě
Žijící lidé
Ženy