text:
THIS WEEK IN HISTORY & PUZZLES
1514: Pope Leo X issued a papal bull against slavery.
1943: Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. President to travel by airplane while in office when he flew from Miami to Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill.
1952: NBC's morning news program Today debuted with host Dave Garroway.
1954: The Hudson Motor Car Co. merged with Nash-Kelvinator, an automaker formed by the merger of the Nash automobile firm and the Kelvinator kitchen-appliance company. The new company was called American Motors Corporation. (It went out of business in 1987.)
1978: Kurt Gödel, the Austrian/American logician and mathematician, died of starvation when his wife was hospitalized. Gödel suffered from extreme paranoia and refused to eat food prepared by anyone else.
1895: Explosions at a burning hardware store in Butte, Mont., that sold dynamite to miners, killed every member of the Butte Fire Department except two, plus many policemen and bystanders. The death toll was estimated at 60. Officials were unable to get an exact number because so many bodies had been blown into small pieces.
1919: The Boston Molasses Disaster occurred when a gigantic cast-iron tank full of raw black molasses burst open in Boston, sending a wave of goo two stories high down Commercial Street, killing 21 people and injuring 150.
1929: Civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta.
1967: The first Super Bowl game was played at the Los Angeles Coliseum between the Green Bay Packers and the Kansas City Chiefs.
1581: The English Parliament outlawed Roman Catholicism.
1786: Virginia adopted the Statute for Religious Freedom, written by Thomas Jefferson, which ended compulsory church support and attendance, and discrimination based on religious affiliation.
2003: The Space Shuttle Columbia took off for mission STS-107, which would be its final one. (The craft disintegrated 16 days later during re-entry.)
1706: Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston.
1893: 19th U.S. President Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1877-1881) died in Fremont, Ohio, at age 70.
1961: In a nationally televised speech, Dwight D. Eisenhower addressed the American people for the last time as president. Expressing ideas that seem prophetic in retrospect, Eisenhower offered his fears and hopes for the future, warning against the unchecked growth of the "military-industrial complex," a term he coined.
1964: First lady Michelle Obama was born Michelle LaVaughn Robinson in Chicago.
1778: James Cook became the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he named the "Sandwich Islands."
1862: John Tyler, 10th president, died in Richmond, Va. (He had just been elected to the Confederate Congress and was the only U.S. president to also serve in the Confederate government.)
1903: President Theodore Roosevelt sent a radio message to King Edward VII via the first transatlantic radio transmission originating in the United States.
1911: Eugene B. Ely landed on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco Bay, the first time an aircraft landed on a ship.
1990: Washington, D.C. Mayor Marion Barry was arrested for drug possession in an FBI sting.
1993: Martin Luther King Jr. Day was officially observed for the first time in all 50 states.
1997: Boerge Ousland of Norway became the first person to cross Antarctica alone and unaided.
2007: Keith Kallstrom, a Christian Identity pastor and avowed racist from Oklahoma, died of an apparent heart attack in a federal prison cell in Michigan. (Mourners at his funeral displayed an assortment of hate symbols including the Confederate flag, the KKK 'red cross' and the Nazi swastika.)
1915: In the first major aerial bombardment of a civilian target, German zeppelins bombed the towns of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in the United Kingdom, killing more thn 20.
1935: Coopers Inc. began selling the world's first men's briefs.
1953: A whopping 71.7 percent of all television sets in the United States tuned into I Love Lucy to watch Lucy give birth.
1977: Snow fell in Miami, Florida, for the first and only time in recorded history. It also snowed in the Bahamas.
1986: The first IBM PC computer virus was released into the wild. A boot sector virus dubbed '(c)Brain,' it was created by the Farooq Alvi brothers in Lahore, Pakistan, reportedly to deter piracy of the software they had written.
1265: The first English parliament to include not only Lords but also representatives of the major towns held its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now commonly known as the Houses of Parliament.
1986: Martin Luther King Jr. Day was celebrated as a federal holiday for the first time.
1991: Sudan's government imposed Islamic sharia law nationwide, worsening the civil war between the country's Muslim north and Christian south.
2006: A bottlenose whale was seen swimming in the River Thames for the first time since records began in 1913.
2007: A three-man team, using only skis and kites, completed a 1,093-mile trek to reach the southern pole of inaccessibility (the point in Antactica farthest from any ocean) for the first time since 1958, and for the first time ever without mechanical assistance.
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National Seeds Department recruitment for Manager and Management Trainees posts 2019. Online applications are invited from all well qualified fresher candidates for these Government jobs in India. The process for applying online for these various job profile is currently active and you can apply online up to 9th Feb. 2019.
National Seeds Corporation Limited under the administrative control of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Department of Agriculture Cooperation & Farmers Welfare is an apex body engaged in production of quality seeds and distribution, invites online application from Indian Nationals for filling up the following posts on direct recruitment basis at Corporate Office (New Delhi), Regional I Area Offices and Farms (located all over India). More information related to this India Seeds recruitment process is given below in this job posting or you can also check out the official PDF file which also contains the full information related to these jobs.
B.Sc. (Agriculture), MBA/ M.Sc./B.E./B.Tech. (Agri. Engg.) (Civil)/CA/CS.
Must have applicants age less than 27 years for applying these job profiles.
MBA (Agri. Business Management)/B.Sc. (Agri).
3 years diploma in one of the following stream: "Civil/Agri./Electrical Engineering".
ITI certificate in trade of Fitter.
12th in Agriculture stream can apply.
Applicants who have a Degree in Law are eligible to apply for these job profiles.
Paying Method: Eligible and interested candidates have to pay the application fee only through online methods:" Credit Cards/Debit Cards/Net-banking" for the payment of the above application fee for this India Seeds recruitment process 2019.
Those applicants who satisfied all the term and conditions which we explained above in this job posting article can apply online for this India Seeds recruitment 2019. The procedure for applying online is currently active from 19th Feb. 2019 and the process remain activated up to 9th Feb. 2019.
So all eligible candidates need to visit the official website of India Seeds department for applying this recruitment process. We also shared the IMPORTANT LINK at the last of this article.
9th Feb. 2019 is the Last Date to apply.


text:
Making sense of our evolution
by Darren Curnoe, The Conversation
Human eyes are unique among primates for their range of iris colours and unpigmented sclera. Credit: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA
The science about our our special senses - vision, smell, hearing and taste - offers fascinating and unique perspectives on our evolution.
Yet it remains patchy; we know surprisingly little for example about how our sense of hearing has evolved since we shared an ancestor with chimpanzees some 8 million years ago.
In contrast, understanding of the evolution of human vision and smell, including new developments in ancient DNA research, offers great promise in answering some long standing questions about our uniqueness as a species.
A very visual mammal
Humans live in a world dominated by images and colour. Our sense of vision largely dictates how we perceive the environment around us.
We're also prone to summing up others by the way they look. Faces and expressions, skin, eye and hair colour; as if we can read someone's heritage or personality like a book.
All of this hints at the crucial role vision plays in our social lives as well.
For our kind of mammal, the primates, vision is king.
Our ancient ancestors evolved for a life in the trees and today most of our primate cousins still lead an arboreal existence.
The need to safely judge distances when leaping or climbing about a canopy, tens of metres above a forest floor, certain death only a single wrongly placed hand grip away, must have led to intense natural selection.
We have, as a result, highly refined vision; monkeys and apes, including humans, possessing stereoscopy: we see in 3-dimensions.
Our skulls, eyes and brains have evolved to facilitate 3D vision: eye sockets that face forwards, the field of vision from each eye overlapping, and brains processing visual information from each eye equally on left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Trichromatic vision allows humans and many other primates to perceive perhaps 10 million colours; its evolution probably keyed into the eating of fruit by our distant primate ancestors, allowing it to be distinguished against a forested backdrop of leaves.
The primate eye is largest relative to body size of all the mammals; a legacy perhaps of the nocturnal lifestyle of the earliest primates.
Yet, the human eye is unusual among all primates in having an exposed sclera, the outer layer of hard tissue that encloses and protects it.
The sclera is also white, but in other primates it's pigmented, being brown in colour, and probably acting as camouflage.
The depigmented white of the human sclera plays a role in enhancing communication especially when we make eye contact and may have a function in sexual attraction as well.
When we compare the human skull with our Neanderthal cousins we find their visual system was probably better developed than ours, as estimated from the volume of their eye sockets (orbits) and the space that would have been filled by the occipital lobe of their brain.
Just what Neanderthals were doing with their eyes that was so different to us remains unknown. Did it help them in low light or snow covered landscapes, or with hunting?
So far, though, we've learned remarkably little about the evolution of sight from ancient DNA; a couple of genes were identified in the initial sequence of the Neanderthal genome in 2010, but little seems to have emerged since.
The neglected sense
Higher primates like this Western lowland gorilla have stereoscopic and trichromatic vision like humans do. Credit: Wikimedia Commons
Can you imagine what our lives would be like if our dominant sense was smell, or olfaction?
Scents and odours filling our world like colours on the visual spectrum, only the shades and tones would be odours.
Across all life, from bacteria to mammals, the ability to detect chemicals in the environment is fundamental to survival.
For most mammals the sense of smell dominates their world much as our sense of sight does.
The mouse has around 1,000 different cell types for detecting odours, or so-called olfactory receptors. Humans only have about 350 of them.
It's also been a major catalyst of biological evolution. Among vertebrates alone at least four different kinds of olfactory systems have evolved.
The evolution of olfaction also has a very large imprint on the mammal genetic code; olfactory genes represent the single largest gene family in the mammal genome.
The human genome contains an estimated 900 genes and pseudogenes associated with the perception of smells while the mouse genome has roughly 1,400 of them.
In comparison, the catfish has only around 100 olfactory receptor genes.
It's the pseudogenes though that have attracted much of the research attention: pseudogenes have either lost their ability to produce proteins or fail to produce them within a particular kind of cell.
Around 60 percent of human olfactory receptor genes are in fact peudogenes compared with only about 30 percent in other apes, and 20% in mice and dogs.
Charles Darwin thought that the human sense of smell was a vestigial (or 'useless') trait, and he may even have taken our large number of pseudogenes as confirmation of his ideas; had he known about them.
While Darwin's was clearly an overstatement, the dramatic loss of functional genes strongly hints at major differences between our sense of smell and that of most other mammals including our ape cousins.
Still, we know that in living humans our sense of smell is anything but useless; it plays a role in our immune system, in social communication, reproduction including choosing mates and during courtship and sex, detecting emotional stress in others ('emotional contagion') and of course during eating.
Neanderthal smells
Its long been suggested from fossil comparisons that humans have a better developed sense of smell than our Neanderthal cousins did; the opposite situation to our sense of vision.
An artist's reconstruction of a Neanderthal male. Credit: Wikimedia Commons
The olfactory bulb - an organ that sits inside our braincase, overlies the nose cavity and transmits smell perception to our brains - was probably larger in humans for a start.
Ancient DNA has also opened up the possibility of studying differences in the olfactory genes directly across humans, Neanderthals and the mysterious Denisovans.
Last year Graham Hughes of University College Dublin and co-workers reported differences in olfaction genes between humans and our extinct cousins.
They found that 10 functional olfaction genes in humans were inactive (pseudogenes) in Neanderthals, and 8 in the Denisovans.
This points to subtle but probably ecologically important differences in smell between our species.
Another recent study led by Kara Hoover of the University of Alaska Fairbanks compared the ability of humans from a range of populations across the globe to detect an odour called OR7D4.
This odd gene mutation allows us to detect a smell called androstenone that's produced by pigs and wild boar, so may have played a role in diet among our ancestors.
The presence of the gene is known to be a good predictor of androstenone smelling ability.
Hoover and her team also studied the OR7D4 gene in the sequences of the Neanderthals and Denisovans and found the Neanderthal version was like our own, but the Denisovan one differed from it in terms of its DNA code, but functioned in a similar way.
Around 50 percent of living adults cannot smell androstenone while about 35 percent can detect 200 parts per trillion in air and are offended by it.
Androstenone is also found naturally in human sweat and urine, with boar androstenone even being marketed and sold as a human aphrodisiac.
So the ability of Neanderthals and Denisovans to detect it might eventually also have something to tell us about their sex lives as well.
Promise of DNA
We can only go so far with fossil studies when it comes to studying the special senses; so little information preserves for us to reconstruct their anatomy afterall, and little in the way of function.
But with vast numbers of olfactory genes available for study in the genome of living humans, our extinct cousins like the Neanderthals and Denisovans, and many living primate relatives, we've still a lot to learn about our remarkable sense of smell.
Researchers show how our sense of smell evolved, including in cave men
This story is published courtesy of The Conversation (under Creative Commons-Attribution/No derivatives).
Citation: Making sense of our evolution (2015, July 13) retrieved 19 January 2022 from https://phys.org/news/2015-07-evolution.html
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The Partiologist: Bridal Shower Dessert Display!
If you're looking for inspiration for your next celebration, look no further. I've got more than one display serving over 20 desserts. Yes, I said over 20. Let me start by showing you the island, I filled one side with desserts and the other with food. Because when you invite your guests for brunch, there should be food.
Simple and elegant, filled with tempting desserts! As always, I set the entire kitchen with all the platters and décor at least a month ahead of time, then record it on paper. I number all the trays and coordinate each tray with the desserts.
I'll let you take a close up, first of the cookies. You know, the ones that took forever to arrange on the platter. I know, it's shouldn't be that hard.
Next are a few desserts that don't have their own blog post. I just forgot to photograph while in the process of making the desserts.
Mostly because it was a complete disaster while making the homemade blueberry scones and lemon curd. I am NOT a scone maker. I keep trying.
Then there was the last minute white rose cupcakes. Yep, no photos of the process. And those lace wrappers? A delicate mess.
You do remember the Lace Wrapped Brownies?
And a little close up of the Diamond Cake Pops on display.
See more of the Diamond Cake Pops HERE.
Needed another bite sized treat. Almond coated Chocolate Truffles.
After making the Truffles which I knew would turn out, I decided once again to try making macarons. French Macarons. Just let me say, I'm not French.
Another view of the Kitchen Island.
Please notice the flower centerpiece. I went in my backyard and found the flowers, having no clue what they were, but they looked perfect for the centerpiece. The day of the shower I found out they are called Bridal Veil. I mean, I really wish I could say I planned it.
You might be surprised when I tell you I have another table filled with sweet treats? Or maybe you're not surprised at all. It's me, right?
I wouldn't be surprised at all. I can't wait to see table #2. Everything on this table looks amazing.
You know me well! You'll be seeing all the sweet treats from table #2 soon!
It was such a fun party for everyone! Thanks!
Absolutely Beautiful...That's all I can say!!! I don't even know how to describe it!
I truly loved the white lace too, thank you! And, I will have to make more of the rose topped cupcakes and take my time!


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Islamabad 9 ℃
Home/Life Style/Health&Fitness/World's Heaviest Boy Weighs 196 Kg and Needs Life-Saving Operation
John William Follow on Twitter Send an email January 15, 2020
Credit Caters News Agency
A Pakistani citizen Mohammed Abrar is considering as the world's heaviest boy. Abrar is only 10 years old and carrying the weight of 31 stones. He needs a lifesaving surgery for survival as soon as possible before it's too late.
Abrar is heavy as he cannot move properly. Neither he can go to school nor he can walk properly.
In a statement Abrar parents said that from very early age he used to eat the meal of a four adults people. At the age of six year his weight increased rapidly and they did not even imagine for it.
According to the doctors Mohammed Abrar is the heaviest boy in the world now. Because the previous case of the heaviest person was Indonesian Arya Permana who had weigh 29 to 30 stones.
While talking to his parents his mother Zareena told that due to his heavy weight she even cannot change his napkin so she made a special designed bed to take his weight. He weighed only eight pound at his birth but after that he cannot stopped growing.
When he was only two years old he used to drink milk 2 liters per day because his stomach never filled up.
She Said "She went on: "It was very difficult for me to even carry him. We had to make a special swing and a bed for him to change nappies."
Due to his heavy weight Abrar is unable to play with his friends and siblings. But his parents are hopeful for his recovery. There is light at the end of tunnel because one of the most known bariatric surgeon of Pakistan "Dr. Maaz Ul Hassan" has agreed to perform the surgery of Abrar.
The surgery would be helpful to reduce the size of stomach of the Mohammed Abrar.
His mother told that it was very difficult for them to find the right surgeon because this is not a normal surgery and they did not lost hope of getting medical attention.
She told more "I am very happy that finally Abrar will get the attention that he need very much and will live a normal life. We know that he suffering with a disease of eating too much food".
His parents are very hopeful that Abrar will reduce his weight just like Dr. Maaz's other patients.
On the other hand Dr. Maaz said "Mohammed Abrar has an endless appetite and he ate too much at his age".
Abrar would be treat by laparoscopic sleeve surgery and it is best for the people under 25 year of age. The surgery would take at least one hour to perform.
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Chelsea V Sheffield United Prediction, Betting Tips and Preview
Leave a Comment	/ Football Betting Tips And Predictions / By Dean Etheridge
The evening kick off on Saturday (7/11/20) is Chelsea V Sheffield United, and in my football betting prediction for this one, it's fair to say I fancy a Chelsea win.
FOOTBALL ACCUMULATOR TIPS
GET YOUR ACCUMULATOR TIPS HERE
Matchweek 8
Kick Off 5.30pm, 7/11/20
Live on Sky Sports
#CHESHU
Matchday Live
Chelsea V Sheffield United Preview
Bottom of the table Blades are showing signs of life
Chelsea V Sheffield United Odds
Chelsea V Sheffield United Prediction 7/11/20
Well, the last few matches has certainly seen a turnaround in fortune for Frank Lampard and Chelsea.
The Blues have now gone 5 matches without conceding a goal. The first of those matches was the 0-0 draw with Sevilla, which at the time drew a bit of criticism (not from me).
Little did the critics know that it was the first step along the road to recovery for Chelsea's backline, which is now all of a sudden looking far more solid.
Premier League Tips and Predictions
Free Bets For Football Betting
The law of averages suggests Sheffield United, a side with just 3 Premier League goals this season will score tomorrow, even if the latest form doesn't.
Football just has a habit of working that way.
Yes, I did predict Chelsea would concede last weekend against Burnley, and I was wrong. Maybe if I keep predicting they will concede every week, eventually I will call it right.
For Chris Wilder's Sheffield United, they've had a torrid start to the season. They sit bottom of the league with just 1 point from 7 matches.
The Blades were one of my pre season tips for relegation, and on current form that's looking a good call. Although there is still a long way to go.
The fixture list hasn't been kind to Sheffield either. So far this season they've already faced Liverpool, Arsenal, Man City and Wolves.
One consolation after this Saturday is that their fixture list is set to get easier after the international break. The following two fixtures are against West Ham, and West Brom.
Football Betting Tips And Predictions
Matched Betting
Online Betting and Gaming
Chelsea 4/11 - The Draw 15/4 - Sheffield United 15/2
Odds of 4/11 on Chelsea suggests that their isn't much hope for the Blades in this one.
Chelsea have won their last 3 matches in a row. In this run they've scored 10 and conceded none, although they have been against significantly inferior oppostion.
For Sheffield United, they've lost their last two matches 1-0 at home to Man City, and 2-1 away to Liverpool. They were two gritty performances against the two strongest sides in the Premier League.
This is the sort of match that Chelsea may well have struggled in last season. I can recall a few occasions when Chelsea stuttered at home in matches they were expected to win.
Home defeats to West Ham and Bournemouth spring to mind.
With that in mind, and the fact that Sheffield United are showing a lot of grit and determination, it will be interesting to see how Chelsea do handle this one.
Prediction - Chelsea to win and both teams to score in a Same Game Multi bet @ 2.83 with Betfair
As I earlier alluded too, Chelsea will concede a goal soon.
So I'm going to stick my neck out on this one and back Chelsea to win and both teams to score in a Same Game Multi bet.
This bet pays 2.83, just a touch under 15/8.