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An Outline of the Ph.D. Requirements in Comparative Literature
The basic outline of the coursework for the Ph.D. is as follows:
Year One: Eight graduate-level courses, including CMLT 501 and 502; demonstrated proficiency in one foreign languages; one substantial paper.
Years Two & Three: Eight graduate courses; Track Declaration in fall of second year; two substantial papers in second year; demonstrated proficiency in one foreign languages; oral examination passed by end of third year.
Year Four: Approved dissertation proposal by end of fourth year.
Years Five & Six: Dissertation colloquium at halfway point; completion of dissertation, culminating in dissertation defense and award of degree.
NB: Teaching under the GAI agreement is normally performed in years Three, Four, & Five.
The first year of the Ph.D. program consists of eight graduate-level courses, all of which must be taken for a quality letter grade (not pass/fail). Students are expected to take a minimum of six courses in their field of study in years One & Two with room for language study built in. The two-quarter foundational sequence Comparative Literature 501 and 502 is required for ALL first years and transfer students, including those with a previous MA.
The remaining courses are normally divided among two literatures, although a student may, with departmental permission, place greater emphasis on one literature or on some special interest. You should review details in the Track Statement and information on Track I and II before determining your plan of study. Consultation with the DGS and faculty mentor is advised when making this important decision between tracks. In order to obtain the MA degree, students must also demonstrate competence (high proficiency in a graduate literature course or high pass in a University translation examination) in two foreign languages, one of which must be either French or German.
At the annual spring review, faculty will review incompletes in evaluating student progress and determining awards. Students with any incompletes in required courses or in their plan of study at the time of the spring annual review will be asked to reconcile these unfinished courses before the being allowed to register for courses in fall quarter of the next academic year. All papers for incomplete courses should be turned in to the course professor, DGS, and department administrator no later than the first day of Autumn Quarter on the academic calendar. Students who have more than 1 incomplete at the beginning of the Autumn term will be placed on probation for one quarter. If they still have more than 1 incomplete at the end of the fall quarter, they will be denoted to the Dean of Students as making Unsatisfactory Progress and given a quarter to demonstrate renewed progress outlined by the DGS and in consultation with the student's faculty mentor. No student will be allowed to take his or her oral fields exam or advance to candidacy until all course work is complete.
Students' transcripts will be reviewed every quarter to establish "satisfactory progress." The transcripts should contain a majority of A or A- grades. Any grade of B + or above is considered satisfactory. Grades of B and below may be cause for concern. Courses with a grade of B- or below may not count toward departmental requirements.
Students will be eligible for the M.A. degree upon successful completion of the first-year requirements, which include submitting two seminar papers for departmental review by the end of the first week of May: one seminar paper written for either quarter of the two-quarter required seminar sequence and one that demonstrates use of a foreign language. Near the end of the first year, the department will review students' records to assess whether students have made satisfactory progress and to provide guidance regarding their future course of graduate study. For more information on the M.A. degree, see Humanities Divisional policies on Degrees.
Years Two and Three
Students are expected to take a minimum of six courses in their field of study in Year Two with room for language study built in. A full load usually is comprised of eight courses per academic year.
Entering with an MA
Students who enter the program with an M.A. degree from another university that has been judged suitable preparation for Comparative Literature study at the University of Chicago will still be required to take Comparative Literature 501 and 502. Otherwise, they receive credit for one year's work (typically six courses) and are therefore required to take eight graduate courses in addition to foundational sequence in the first year and two in the second, corresponding to the normal requirements for second and third year PhDs.
Apart from course requirements, students with previous M.A. s follow a similar schedule to other students who matriculated in the same year.
Language Proficiency Form
The Humanities Division and the department encourage students to apply for a summer stipend ($4000 in 2019-2020) for research and language training in any two summers of their first four years in the program. Requests for this funding are evaluated at the time of the Spring Review. Three stipends are usually granted, provided that that the applicant meets the requirements for each year's work:
End of first year—no more than 1 incomplete by the end of Spring quarter among the 8 required courses and submission of one substantial paper for department review.
End of second year—no more than 1 incomplete by the end of Spring quarter among the 16 required courses for their first two years and submission of the final two substantial papers.
End of third year—no incompletes by the end of spring quarter among the 16 required courses. Students should be done with required coursework by the end of the third year.
End of fourth year—successful completion of the oral exam.
Students who have received three stipends and who wish to apply for a fourth summer stipend must meet the following additional requirements mandated by the Division:
For stipend #4: generally speaking is an approved dissertation proposal and admission to candidacy by spring of the fourth year, however funding is at the discretion of the DGS with demonstrated progress
All recipients of summer stipends must submit a one page report to the DGS or their dissertation director as applicable confirming that the funds were applied as indicated in the proposal or, if changes were made, explaining the academic purpose of those changes. The recipient should also be prepared to provide additional documentation as needed.
For admission to candidacy the same language requirements hold for both Track I and Track II.
The minimal requirements:
High proficiency in French or German. This is demonstrated by passing a graduate literature course in the language (and approval by the faculty of record via form) or a high pass (P+) on the Graduate Reading Exam proctored by the Chicago Language Center.
High proficiency in a second language other than English. This is demonstrated by passing a graduate literature course in the language (and approval by the faculty via CMLT department form m) or a high pass (P+) on the Graduate Reading Exam proctored by the Chicago Language Center.
Students should also be working towards native fluency in the language of their major literature by applying to studying abroad, only after exhausting UChicago language offerings. Funding for language study depends on the language and on the student's immigration status; for more information, please review the websites of the Division and UChicagoGrad. In addition, students should prepare for job applications well in advance by taking the necessary qualifications to teach the language (see Teaching Requirements).
Registration for the language exam (for which a High Pass is required) can be found on the Graduate Reading Exam page. The exam is proctored by the Chicago Language Center where you can find more resources on language certificates, courses, and the schedule for language exams.
All graduate students who wish to fulfill the language requirement through graduate course work must submit the CMLT department form to be filled out by the instructor after the course work has been completed. The form will evaluate the student's general knowledge of the language with emphasis on reading.
Timeline: at least one high proficiency language should be confirmed in the first year. The remaining requirements must be completed before the student is admitted to doctoral candidacy to be reviewed by the chair of the candidate's committee and submitted to the department at the same time as the proposal form.
Students are reminded that competition for academic jobs requires that comparatists compete with native speakers and other national literature specialists an must therefore demonstrate equivalent oral and written skills and expertise in their primary (and ideally, secondary) language and literature.
Office of Language Assessment
Reading Comprehension Assessment
CMLT Language Requirement Form
Divisional Language Requirement Form
If students need to take a leave of absence during the program, including maternity leave, should first review divisional policy on residency and academic requirements in the UChicago Division of the Humanities Student Handbook. Consultation with the student's faculty chair, Director of Graduate Studies and the Dean of Students to finalize the leave plans is required. In particular, students should note that taking leave of absence for a term, once that leave has been approved by the Dean of Students, does not excuse them from the obligation of meeting departmental requirements and the four years of Scholastic Residence mandated by the Humanities Division, nor does it extend the eight-year cap on registration.
Humanities Division Student Manual
Annual Academic Progress Report
Each student while enrolled in the program must complete an annual academic progress report, administered by the department. This report will be used by the faculty to assess students' academic progress during the annual spring review. It complements but does not replace the "Advanced Studies" course that students are enrolled in when taking fewer than 300 units in years three and beyond. See the Humanities Division's policy on academic progress for more information.
The Annual Report requires signed approval from your assigned faculty mentor, and (if applicable) from your exam and/or dissertation committee chair in the fourth and subsequent years and is due each Spring Quarter generally by mid-May.
The report should provide a brief account of post-coursework progress and/or problems with progress. For all students in the third year and beyond, this should include the date passed or scheduled for the oral exam and teaching that the student has accomplished in the past year, pedagogical training, and progress towards coursework.
CMLT Academic Progress Report
After course work, all students must pass the oral examination before they can be admitted as candidates for the doctoral degree. Students should begin planning for this exam at the beginning of the third year so that they can take the exam by the end of spring in that third year as preferred by the Division of the Humanities. Students entering with a previous MA are encouraged to begin planning earlier, after completing required graduate coursework in the second year. In order to meet this deadline, students should work with qualified faculty who will be in residence at the time of the exam rather than waiting for faculty to return from leave. Individual faculty who are on leave during the exam can be asked to join the dissertation committee later.
Since the exam requires the candidate to respond to spontaneous as well as prepared questions, the candidate and all the examiners should all be present in the room. At the very least, the candidate, the exam committee chair and the second examiner must be present; the third examiner may if their absence from Chicago is truly unavoidable participate by Skype or equivalent method. This is an exceptional arrangement and can only be extended to one person on one screen. If the candidate cannot provide a working laptop to accommodate video conferencing, they may make a request to the department administrator a departmental laptop to use. This must be requested at the time of scheduling the exam and it is up to the student to arrange and setup any necessary microphones or auxiliary equipment.
Unlike the dissertation, which requires deep and focused research on a single project, the oral exam is designed to help students demonstrate broad competence in two national literatures or in literature and another professionally recognized discipline. Developing and demonstrating this competence helps to lay the intellectual groundwork for dissertation research but is also essential preparation for life after the dissertation, in other words for academic or other intellectual employment. Thus, while some secondary critical material should be included, the lists should contain predominantly primary material (ie, works of literature in the National Literature Oral). Students should provide their exam committee with a copy of the CMLT Oral Exam Report Form, should be submitted to the department administrator at the conclusion of the exam.
Examples of lists used by previous students are available here:
Track I
Track I: British and German Literature
Track I: British literature (major) and Epic/Romance in English, French and Italian (minor)
Track I: Anglophone and Lusophone
Track I: French and English
Track I: Hindi and Mandarin
Track I: Russian and German
Track II
Track II: Literature and History
Track II: Literature and Philosophy (French and English)
Track II: Literature and Philosophy (Chinese and Western)
Track II: Literature and Sciences of the Mind
Track II: Literature and Biblical Studies
Students must choose one of the following two options:
Track I requires "The National Literature Oral." This is a two-hour oral examination based on no fewer than 60 titles in one major literature and no fewer than 30 titles in the minor literature. The list for the major literature will address all periods and genres so as to prepare the candidate for a wide range of teaching opportunities. The list for the minor literature will treat major texts of a more limited period or specific genre to be approved by the examiners.
The exam will consist of (5-10 minutes) presentations on 3 topics related to the lists, each followed by questions from the examining faculty. In consultation with the examiners, the student may either prepare 2 topics related to the major literature list and 1 topic related to the minor literature list or prepare 3 topics that address the works on both lists.
Track II requires "The Field Oral." This is a two-hour oral examination on a representative list of approximately 70-90 titles in a given comparative field, such as literature and philosophy, literature and art history, literature and film, literature and history, literature and music, literature and sociology, literature and religion, literature and science. In order that candidates can find appropriate examiners to help them prepare for field expertise as it is generally understood by professionals, the second discipline should be represented by a distinct department or PhD granting unit in the University. Subfields like postcolonial studies or drama, which are normally embedded in literature departments are therefore not eligible for the field oral.
Texts chosen for the field oral exam are to be distributed evenly between the two disciplines and should include works in the languages of the candidate's competence in addition to English. The exam will consist of brief (5-10 minutes) presentations on 3 topics related to the lists, each followed by questions from the examining faculty.
Assembling the committee
The exam committee is assembled by the student and should be comprised of two or three full-time UChicago faculty members, at least one of whom must be a core member of Comparative Literature. Of the other two, for Track I: one examiner should cover the minor list, while two share the responsibility for the major, but the Comparative Literature member may also elect to ask questions about both lists. For Track II: one member should be a specialist in the other discipline represented in the exam, and the other would normally be a literature specialist, ideally but not necessarily with interest in the other discipline.
Students are responsible for assembling their lists based on their reading and/or course work. and in consultation with their examiners. Once all examiners are satisfied, the candidate must complete and circulate the oral exam book list approval form. Students should consult with their exam committee to make sure they are meeting list expectations. Once the exam list has been approved by all members of the committee, a copy needs to be filed with the department a month before the scheduled exam.
Scheduling the oral exam should be arranged by the candidate with the examiners when filing the final oral exam reading list with the department. Because finding a date and time for oral examinations can sometimes be complicated, students should contact their examiners to find a conducive time and then alert the departmental administrator as early as possible so that they may assist the student in scheduling a room for the exam. Oral examinations are not administered during official academic breaks or over the summer.
The Humanities Division expects students to complete PhD exams by the end of the third year if possible, to enable transition to work on the dissertation proposal and the defense of that proposal by the end of the fourth year. Meeting this schedule will enable applications for extra summer funding and additional travel awards and fellowships posted on the Divisional website. If a student has not completed the oral examinations by the end of his or her fourth year, they may be put on academic probation if it is determined their academic progress is unsatisfactory by the faculty mentor and DGS. If a student fails to complete the examination by the end of the fifth year, they will be dismissed from the program.
Students who fail the oral examination may, (at the discretion of the committee) be allowed to retake the examination once and only once. If a retake is granted, it must be completed within two quarters of the original exam date. Continuation in the Ph.D. program is dependent upon success in the oral exam.
Oral Exam Report Form
Oral Exam Book List Approval
Track Declaration: Format and Schedule
At the start of their second year, after consultation with advisers in their chosen areas and with the approval of the Comparative Literature faculty, Comparative literature students choose either Track I on "National Literatures" or Track II on "Literature and another discipline" for their future research and teaching preparation.
Track I "National Literatures" requires a major focus upon one national literature (the major) with a secondary focus upon one or more second national literature, usually in a specified historical period or genre (the minor). Track 1 students must take at least 3 graduate courses in their major national literature. Because students are likely to apply for jobs in national language departments as well as in Comparative Literature, these courses must be taken for full grade credit in those national literature departments.
Track II "Literature and Another Discipline" focuses on the critical relationship between literature and a non-literary discipline such as philosophy, history, art history, or music. In order to fulfill the requirement, this discipline must be authorized by a recognized department or PhD granting committee in the University of Chicago. Sub-disciplines within literary study, such as post-colonial studies, area studies (e.g. Mediterranean) or period (e.g. Renaissance) are not separate disciplines and are therefore not options for a second track).
Track II students must take at least 3 graduate courses in the department that they choose other than literature. Students should consult with their advisors and with the DGS to ensure that they take courses appropriate for their chosen fields of specialization.
a) a general statement explaining which track and why; b) which courses already taken in the first year fit the requirements; c) which courses will be taken in the second year to fit the requirements; d) which faculty the student will be working with, including at least one full member of Comparative Literature and one member of the other relevant department, based on courses taken or to be taken and/or confirmation of interest from said faculty, to ensure advance planning for completing all course requirements early in the third year.
Since the track declaration is a declaration of intent that is subject to revision and which will be finalized only once the student passes the Track exam (see below for guidance and samples of successful exams), the department cannot post samples on a public website. Students should take the initiative to contact faculty members in the first year of study, to discuss the research and teaching that they wish to pursue, so as to prepare effectively for the track declaration.
The track declaration should be submitted to the department in a WORD or PDF document no later than the third week of the fall quarter. The track declaration must be approved by the Director of Graduate Studies and Faculty Mentor who may make recommendations for the proposed course of study. In such cases, the track declaration should be revised and resubmitted for approval.
Substantial Papers
Students are also required to write a minimum of one substantial paper in year one, and two substantial papers in the second year, for a total of three substantial papers submitted to the Director of Graduate Studies (for AY19/20) Professor Mark Payne with copy to the Department Administrator, Ingrid Sagor.
Substantial papers should be 20-25 pages, not including bibliography with standard formatting and 12-point font. Papers should be submitted in a polished and final form with marginalia commentary integrated and track editing turned off. Copies of these papers must be submitted to the Director of Graduate Studies (for AY19/20 Professor Mark Payne) with copy to the Departmental Administrator, Ingrid Sagor and include the Substantial Paper Form. These papers are an important aspect of the annual review. Each substantial paper must met the following criteria:
it should generally be longer than a standard term paper or final: 20-25 pages in 12-point font, not including bibliography;
it must demonstrate substantial in-depth research into context and secondary sources;
it must demonstrate conventional grammar standards and formatting and be polished and final in nature
short projects such as term papers, final papers, and conference papers are therefore not substitutes for the substantial paper
Substantial papers in the department of Comparative Literature must be submitted in English so that all faculty members can read them during the Spring Review. Students writing for courses that may require or encourage submission in other languages should therefore provide a translation in addition to the original submission.
In order to ensure that the paper meets the above criteria, students will need to contact seminar instructors for consent at the proposal stage before writing the paper or developing a term or final paper into a substantial paper. Students are required to obtain from instructors a signed approval form attesting that the paper meets the above stated requirement. You should submit substantial papers to the Director of Graduate Studies (for AY19/20 Professor Mark Payne) with copy to the Departmental Administrator, Ingrid Sagor and include the Substantial Paper Form.
Substantial Papers form
Due by the end of the first week in May
All academic and teaching records of students are reviewed yearly by Comparative Literature faculty prior to submitting recommendations to the Humanities Dean of Students. Continuation of funding is dependent on meeting departmental and divisional requirements for satisfactory academic progress and completion of teaching obligations. In particular, summer stipends are conditional on satisfactory progress and may be revoked during periods of academic probation.
All students must meet the full-time residency requirements for Autumn, Winter, and Spring quarters during their coursework years and Oral Exam preparation. The policy of the Humanities Division requires full-time scholastic residency for four years.
Divisional Student Manual
In the first three years of the program while students are involved in coursework, all students will meet with the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS) or Faculty Mentor prior to each quarter to discuss progress and receive approval for course registration.
Once students have finished coursework and are registering for fewer than 300 units per quarter, they will be automatically enrolled in an Advanced Studies course for up to 300 units with the instructor listed as the DGS. The pass/fail grades for this Advanced Studies course will be assigned by the DGS based on the annual review of student progress in the Spring quarter.
Humanities Division's policy on academic progress
Incomplete Work
Departmental and Divisional Policy
Students may not begin the academic year with any incomplete work. This is Humanities Division policy; students are expected to start each term and each year with their full attention on current course work.
Students with incompletes in required courses at the time of the spring annual review in May will be required by the Dean to demonstrate that all incomplete work has been completed and graded before the beginning of Autumn quarter of the next academic year. All papers for incomplete courses must therefore reach the course professor and the department before the start of Autumn quarter (usually no later than August 31, with copy to the Departmental Administrator) to allow the professor time to grade the paper before the start of the next academic year.
Students with any incompletes at the beginning of Autumn quarter will be placed on academic probation and given one quarter to reconcile their incompletes. Students with ongoing incompletes will not be able to proceed to oral examination, dissertation proposal, serve as a CA, or teach under the GAI until all incompletes are resolved.
Failure to meet requirements will jeopardize further progress in the program and in the profession and may be grounds for withdrawal from the Department and the University.
After passing their oral exams, students must promptly begin working on a dissertation proposal under the guidance of their dissertation committee. This committee must include two UChicago faculty members, of which at least one should be a Comparative Literature faculty member. Before adding one or more members to the required two, students must explain to the dissertation director why their project requires a third reader, and should weigh the need, such as language or theoretical expertise not already represented by the original members, against the cost. Adding members tends to slow down feedback, revision, and thus also time to degree so should be undertaken only after careful consideration.
A dissertation proposal is necessarily provisional in its claims; students may change aspects of their argument as they continue to do their dissertation research, thinking, and writing. Nevertheless, formulating a coherent and compelling proposal is a vital step toward successfully completing the dissertation in a timely fashion.
The dissertation proposal should demonstrate that the student (a) has moved from thoughts on a topic to advancing a significant and original set of questions about that topic; (b) has sufficient understanding of the relevant scholarship and of his or her chosen methodology, and (c) has formulated plausible organizing principles for the dissertation as a whole.
The dissertation proposal should run approximately 12-20 pages or 3000-5000 words (excluding bibliography) and include the following:
statement of the topic or problem the dissertation will address with a succinct discussion of the inadequacies and insufficiencies of previous approaches to this topic or problem. The discussion of previous approaches should not be an exhaustive history of previous scholarship, but rather a pointed discussion of the most important and relevant scholarship with which the dissertation will engage
preliminary version of the dissertation's overall argument, as you understand it at this point
discussion of the specific contributions to its field of specialization the dissertation seeks to make
explanation of the methodology to be used, with relevant representatives cited
outline of the dissertation's chapter organization and contents
preliminary working bibliography of primary and secondary publications, and archives if relevant
There are various ways of organizing the dissertation proposal effectively, but the outline of the dissertation's chapter organization and contents normally appears as the final section before the bibliography. Students must consult their dissertation committee members regarding the committee members' specific expectations (e.g., regarding the optimum length of the proposal) as they work on their dissertation proposal.
Students who get stuck at any stage of writing the proposal should make use UChicago Grad's Writing Resources
UChicago Grad Writing Resources
Submitting and defending
Before entering candidacy students are required to present and discuss their dissertation proposals at a proposal hearing. This hearing must be arranged by the student who will submit the proposal to the department administrator a month in advance. The hearing will be presided over by the dissertation committee chair and attended by their dissertation committee and other interested faculty. The optimal discussion of the proposal depends on face to face communication.
At the very least, the candidate, the dissertation committee chair and the second reader must be present; the third reader may if their absence from Chicago is truly unavoidable participate by Skype or equivalent method. This is an exceptional arrangement and can only be extended to one person on one screen. If the candidate cannot provide a working laptop to accommodate video conferencing, they may make a request to the department administrator a departmental laptop to use. This must be requested at the time of scheduling the exam and it is up to the student to arrange and setup any necessary microphones or auxiliary equipment.
Once the faculty approves the proposal before the hearing, the chair of the committee should submit the signed Dissertation Proposal Approval Form to the department, and the candidate must file a copy of the dissertation proposal with the department. The Divisional Language Requirement form (see above under Language Requirements) must also be submitted at this time or before the proposal hearing before the candidate can be admitted to candidacy
Dissertation Proposal Approval Form
In order to complete a dissertation in a timely fashion, students must sustain momentum after their oral examinations so as to make an effective transition to the dissertation write-up or candidacy phase. Students should have a dissertation proposal completed and approved by their dissertation committee by the end of the quarter following their oral fields examination. If they are not able to meet this deadline for a fully approved proposal, they must at least submit a rough draft to the committee along with a written explanation of sound academic reasons for the delay.
Students who are admitted to candidacy by the conclusion of their fifth year and who have at least one polished and approved chapter will be eligible to apply for the Humanities Division Dissertation Completion Fellowships. Students who earn the DCF in year 6 are also eligible for an appointment under the UChicago Humanties Teaching Fellows Program after defending their dissertations.
All students must pass their proposal hearing and submit an approved proposal to the department within three quarters of passing their oral fields examinations; failure to do so may be grounds for removal from the doctoral program. Students who do not pass their proposal hearing by spring of their fifth year will be withdrawn, per Divisional policy.
Dissertation Expectations and Feedback
The Humanities Division expects dissertations to be completed within five to seven years after matriculation. Candidates should be aware, however, that the newly expanded Graduate Aid Initiative in the Humanities funding package lasts only six years. In order to be eligible for dissertation funding beyond the fifth year, doctoral candidates must meet the following expectations:
After admission to candidacy, dissertation writers are expected to produce at the minimum one chapter per academic year, and preferably two to three chapters. Producing polished chapters acceptable to their dissertation committee members requires handing in draft chapters at regular intervals with the expectation that the committee members may ask for several rounds of revisions before deeming the chapter acceptable.
Because of the time needed for faculty to respond to work and for the student to make necessary revisions, candidates must provide the dissertation committee with at least one chapter by no later than the end of April each academic year. Students who get stuck at any stage with a chapter should explore writing support offered by UGrad Student Affairs, the Comparative Literature Writing Workshop, and the Council on Advanced Studies Workshop.
It is not acceptable to wait until May when the Annual Academic Progress Report is due to get back in touch with, or turn in a chapter to one's dissertation committee. Failure to meet the end-of-April deadline may jeopardize continuation in the doctoral program.
Divisional Time to Degree Policy
Doctoral candidates should normally expect their readers, including those on leave, to return dissertation chapters with written comments within a month of receiving them, barring exceptional circumstances. However, faculty can meet these expectations only if the doctoral candidate demonstrates his or her commitment to the dissertation by providing chapters and revisions to the dissertation committee members on a timely basis. If any member of the dissertation committee does not provide feedback to a completed chapter within the standard month, without adequate explanation, the candidate should discuss the matter with the Director of Graduate Studies and Department Administrator. If the DGS and Administrator cannot resolve problems regarding timely feedback after the candidate requests help, the candidate should work with the DGS to contact the Department Chair and Dean of Students only in exceptional circumstances where progress has been impeded due to this delay.
In addition to sharing chapters with their dissertation committee, doctoral candidates' writing and professional development depend on presenting work to others. Candidates are therefore strongly urged to join appropriate graduate workshops to observe other graduate students and candidates presenting chapter-length work and conference papers, and to present their chapters on a regular basis to such workshops. Lists of workshops can be found on the website of the Council on Advanced Studies. The department of Comparative Literature also offers a monthly colloquium and writing workshop where such work can be discussed.
Council on Advanced Studies
Dissertation Completion Fellowships
All candidates who are still working on their dissertations in the winter of their fifth and sixth years should be prepared to apply for dissertation completion fellowships not only in the Humanities Division, but also in University Centers for the Study of Gender, Center for the Study of Politics & Race, Center for the Study of Gender and Sexuality, Jewish Studies, and area studies such as Latin American and East Asian scholarly foundations. Candidates should also inform themselves of outside funding from resources like the Fulbright, DAAD, Lurcy Foundation, the American Council on Learned Societies.
Candidates are eligible to apply for dissertation completion fellowships only if they have completed at least one polished and approved chapter of the dissertation by the application deadline and are in good academic standing demonstrating sustained progress. Fellowship awards often require certification that the dissertation will be completed within the term of the award, and require students to meet minimum qualifications which vary based on the award. Candidates should note that being eligible to apply for funding is never a guarantee that an award will be offered and should therefore apply for funding from a variety of sources and consider teaching in the College, serving as a writing tutor to fund advanced years of dissertation write up, and continue to grow pedagogical skills.
For more information about fellowships and divisional policies on progress, the 6-year funding package, 8 year registration cap, and more, graduate students should review the Division of the Humanities website.
Dissertation Colloquium
About half way through the dissertation, normally in the fifth quarter or after the completion and approval of half the number of chapters outlined in the proposal, the candidate will arrange for a colloquium with their dissertation committee. Summer quarters will count in determining the number of quarters after admission to candidacy, but if the fifth quarter falls in summer quarter, the conference will be delayed until the succeeding autumn quarter.
In this colloquium, candidates will discuss with their dissertation committee the current state of the dissertation and outline their plans and schedule for further progress. This meeting will also help ensure that dissertation committee members are aware of each other's views and expectations. Candidates will be notified when they have reached their fifth quarter after admission to candidacy and reminded that it is their responsibility to schedule a colloquium with their dissertation committee.
The optimal discussion of the dissertation in progress depends on face to face communication. At the very least, the candidate, the dissertation director and the required second reader must be present in the room; if the third reader must be absent, he/she may participate on Skype or equivalent program but this exceptional arrangement can be extended to only one person on one screen. It is the candidate's responsibility to provide a working laptop with the Skype or other software required, if the candidate cannot provide a working laptop, they may request use of the departmental laptop from the Departmental Administrator at the time of scheduling the colloquium.
The candidate must conclude his or her studies by defending successfully the dissertation in an oral final examination. Candidates must get the approval of their committee for a dissertation defense prior to submitting the full dissertation at least a month in advance so there is time to arrange for other faculty members and the dean's representative to attend. The dissertation should be submitted in the standard format required by the University's dissertation office.
The defense of the dissertation in the company of the dissertation committee, the chair, the dean's representative and the faculty and other doctoral candidates in the Department of Comparative Literature depends on face to face communication among a larger number of people than the previous meetings discussed above.
At the very least, the candidate, the exam committee chair and the second examiner must be present; the third examiner may if their absence from Chicago is truly unavoidable participate by Skype or equivalent method. This is an exceptional arrangement and can only be extended to one person on one screen. If the candidate cannot provide a working laptop to accommodate video conferencing, they may make a request to the department administrator a departmental laptop to use. This must be requested at the time of scheduling the exam and it is up to the student to arrange and setup any necessary microphones or auxiliary equipment.
Please visit the Dissertation Office website for more specific information on university-wide deadlines, formatting, and submission procedures.
Dissertation Office


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Author - Douglas W. Jones
Verified Voting Blog: Four ways to defend democracy and protect every voter's ballot | Douglas W. Jones
» Douglas W. Jones
This article was originally posted at phys.org.
As voters prepare to cast their ballots in the November midterm elections, it's clear that U.S. voting is under electronic attack. Russian government hackers probed some states' computer systems in the runup to the 2016 presidential election and are likely to do so again – as might hackers from other countries or nongovernmental groups interested in sowing discord in American politics.
Fortunately, there are ways to defend elections. Some of them will be new in some places, but these defenses are not particularly difficult nor expensive, especially when judged against the value of public confidence in democracy. I served on the Iowa board that examines voting machines from 1995 to 2004 and on the Technical Guidelines Development Committee of the United States Election Assistance Commission from 2009 to 2012, and Barbara Simons and I coauthored the 2012 book "Broken Ballots."
Election officials have an important role to play in protecting election integrity. Citizens, too, need to ensure their local voting processes are safe. There are two parts to any voting system: the computerized systems tracking voters' registrations and the actual process of voting – from preparing ballots through results tallying and reporting.
Full Article: Four ways to defend democracy and protect every voter's ballot.
Categories: Verified Voting Blog	| Topics: election cybersecurity, paper ballot, post election audit
Verified Voting Blog: Some modest proposals for voter signature verification
Iowa Secretary of State Matt Schultz proposes that we use some kind of electronic scanning system to evaluate voter signatures. I have no idea how good signature comparison software is these days, but I do I know that my own signature isn't very consistent. Would automatic signature matching software really work well enough to recognize that all of my signatures are mine while rejecting forgeries? I'm skeptical. If one person's absentee ballot is incorrectly rejected because someone or some software thinks their signature does not match, that would seem to me to be a violation of that voter's civil rights. If signature matching has a higher likelihood of failing for one group of people than for another, then signature verification can be said to systematically deny voting rights to that group.
Categories: Verified Voting Blog	| Topics: Voter Registration Technology
Verified Voting Blog: Problems come when using databases to disqualify voters
During their news conference Friday, Iowa's Republican secretary of state, Matt Schultz, and Democratic attorney general, Tom Miller, presented evidence suggesting there are non-citizens who have registered to vote illegally and that some of these illegal registrants have voted. Clearly, further investigation is called for, and if indeed these people have voted, they should be prosecuted. I am worried, however, about the effort to run a database matching effort to ferret out and remove non-citizens from the voting rolls. The central problem here is that we have no requirement of registering to vote under the same name as we use for other purposes.
For a driver's license, you present a birth certificate, so your name on the driver's license will match your birth certificate. To register to vote, you can use your employer ID card and a phone bill. As it turns out, my voter registration is in the same name as my driver's license. That's because I used my license to register about 32 years ago. On the other hand, my employer's ID card lists my name differently (just a middle initial). I could have registered to vote with that card, had I wanted to. There is no legal requirement that I use the same name everywhere, and in fact, I use a variety of names and nicknames:
Most people know me as Doug Jones.
Some know me as Douglas Jones.
To my employer, I'm Douglas W. Jones.
And on my driver's license, I'm Douglas Warren Jones.
I'm not trying to confuse people. It's just that, at various times, I've used different and obvious variations on my full name.
Election Administration
Election Markup Language
Internet Voting
Voting Technology
Jeremy Epstein
J. Alex Halderman
David Jefferson
Douglas W. Jones
Bo Lipari
John McCarthy
Barbara Simons
Pamela Smith
Verified Voting Public Commentary
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© Copyright 2019, Verified Voting Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved, although reprint permission granted for nonprofit purposes with attribution to Verified Voting Foundation, Inc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
National Public Health Week: Start Here
April 8, 2014 | by Jenny Jessen
This week is National Public Health Week (NPHW). During the first full week of April every year, National Public Health Week recognizes the contributions of public health and highlights issues that are important to improving our nation. The theme for National Public Health Week (NPHW) 2014 — Public Health: Start Here – will draw the nation's attention to topics including school nutrition, disaster preparedness, prevention, food safety and community health.
Combating Foodborne Illness: The Food Safety Modernization Act
April 1, 2009 | by Walter Jessen
Approximately one in four Americans get sick by foodborne illness each year [1]. Of those 76 million people, an estimated 325,000 are hopitalized and 5,000 die. Indeed, foodborne disease outbreaks reported to the CDC alone through the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Survelliance System recorded 1,247 outbreaks in 2006 [2].
The vast majority of known foodborne illnesses are associated with products regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). According to Jeff Levi, Ph.D., Executive Director of Trust for America's Health, a non-profit, non-partisan organization working to make disease prevention a national priority [3]:
Our food safety system is plagued with problems, and it's leading to millions of Americans becoming needlessly sick each year. The system is outdated and unable to effectively deal with today's threats. Its current structure actually prevents the kind of coordinated, focused effort that Americans need more than ever and have a right to expect.


Understanding good and evil is often difficult for people as they tend to to associate the two principles as black or white and in relationship to oneself. I wanted to take the time to discuss the relationship between God and Satan from a Biblical and philosophical perspective. I have spent many years on this subject, and still find it to be an overwhelming misunderstood topic.
Genesis 1:1 gives us the beginning of Earth's creation, but the battle between good and evil, light and darkness, the Jedi or Sith if you will, is far older for the simple purpose that you cannot have one without the other. I believe it would be naive to assume that mankind is the only intelligent species in our solar system or universes.
However, Earth is one of the "most special" planets in the sense that is a hunting ground where both good and evil co-exist for the sole purpose of giving us a choice. This is almost a fairness pact between God and Satan, if you will, as Lucifer was said to be the most beautiful of angels and was certainly close to God at one time.
All things considering, God and Satan have a reciprocal relationship. The Bible tells us that prior to man's creation, Lucifer was a high-ranking angel of God who challenged God's authority and convinced a third of the angels to follow him in rebellion (Isaiah 14:12-15; Ezekiel 28:13-16; Revelation 12:7-9).
Because of Lucifer's rebellion, his name was changed to Satan, meaning "adversary." His followers, fallen angels, became known as demons.
The oldest book in the Bible is Job, and one of the few books that gives us insights on how God and Satan communicate with one another.
Job 1:6-12 One day the heavenly beings came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came among them. 7The Lord said to Satan,'Where have you come from?' Satan answered the Lord, 'From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking up and down on it.' 8The Lord said to Satan,* 'Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man who fears God and turns away from evil.' 9Then Satan* answered the Lord, 'Does Job fear God for nothing? 10Have you not put a fence around him and his house and all that he has, on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his possessions have increased in the land. 11But stretch out your hand now, and touch all that he has, and he will curse you to your face.'12The Lord said to Satan,* 'Very well, all that he has is in your power; only do not stretch out your hand against him!' So Satan went out from the presence of the Lord.
In this passage, I see God and Satan engaging in a debate. Here, God asks Satan why he he has not considered Job (Satan was obviously roaming the earth to look for someone who he could use an as example against God). I see Satan rolling his eyes saying, "Well of course Job loves you! You gave him everything!" By the end of the conversation, God grants Satan the power to take everything away from Job so long as he spares his life.
Well, Satan is one thorough adversary. In one day, all of Job's livestock, servants, and ten children have all died. Job then gets a boils all over his skin and to make matters worse, his friends blame him for the cause of the punishment.
However, in the end, Job passes the test and God restores everything he had plus some.
In reality, both God and Satan do in fact view Job as blameless and upright.The fault of Job and his friends lies in trying to explain the nature of God with only the limited information available to human knowledge, as God himself notes when he roars from the whirlwind, "Who is this that darkness counsel / by words without / knowledge?" (Job 38:2).
The reason things happen is not always related to matters of which we can understand. Both God and Satan understand this, but human minds like to point the blame or create explainable versions of events that are truly unexplainable.
However, what will shock some to read is that I do not see humanity as any different than Satan with the exception that we can choose between the trains of thought. God created Satan with the power of choice no different than us. When sin entered the world, we are put in no different of a position whereby we have to choose between the differing viewpoints. It is a test of strength and character. After all, who wants to spend eternity with people so unlike oneself?
Not my choice, but hey, at least one can see the logic.
Choice : I have always heard the evil vs good explained that God can't have robots so he gives us Satan as adversary. I find this to be a lack of reasoning. We often hear that the good die young. It seems truer than true. I often try to imagine a world where the evil die young. How much better would this earth be without the power hungry ?
Jim, we need people of all types on this world. Without the power hungry, we would not have a lot of products that you and I use on an everyday basis, I assure you! What is good and and what is evil is often hard to distinguish. I view it as trying to live under God's righteousness or unrighteousness more than I do good and evil. I would not want a world where the evil die young – if I had to choose between the good and evil meeting an untimely death, I would hope the good did as they will go to heaven for eternity – perhaps if the evil had more time, they could find their own way and meet the good in heaven for a happily ever after! But that is just my thoughts….


text:
Find A Park > Broadway Malls > News > CONGRATULATIONS EMPLOYEES OF THE MONTH
Broadway Malls
The Daily Plant : Monday, May 13, 2002
CONGRATULATIONS EMPLOYEES OF THE MONTH
The following three individuals are among the seven awarded Employee of the Month for April on Wednesday, May 1, 2002. Congratulations on a job well done.
Jose Cintron is Manhattan's Employee of the Month for April. Jose joined Parks on October 2, 1989 and currently works as a CPW in District 12a where he cares primarily for the Broadway Malls. Jose has been instrumental in a recent joint effort with PEP, NYPD and the Department of Sanitation (DOS) Police to crack down on illegal dumping in the district. While performing his normal cleaning and maintenance duties, Jose inspects dumped materials for signs of ownership, then contacts PEP to secure and document the evidence. In March alone, Jose's efforts led directly to the issuing of five illegal dumping summonses. His initiative and effort have helped improve the appearance of the Broadway Malls, and led to thousands of dollars of fines against those who dump on our parks. Jose was nominated by PRM Jane Schachat.
Frank G. Colella is Queens' Employee of the Month for April. Frank joined Parks on July 9, 1984 and currently works as a PPS overseeing the Queens Forest Park Greenhouse. Frank prepares and maintains Queens many ballfields, cultivates flower beds, and maintains over 700 Greenstreets. Each year Frank and his team propagate over 200,000 plants for the borough. Frank is also licensed to apply pesticides, and supervises lake and pond maintenance for Queens. Recently, he has been playing a key role in implementing the drought plan for the borough. A motivated and experienced greener of our parks, Frank was nominated by Queens Borough Commissioner Richard Murphy and Chief of Operations Jackie Langsam.
Angela Frusciante is Staten Island's Employee of the Month for April. Angela joined Parks on July 1, 1999 and currently works as an Assistant to the Chief of Operations. Angela assists Chief Lawless and the entire borough office with organizational and administrative duties. She coordinates distribution of PIP reports, and collects and submits vehicle accident and incident reports for the borough. Recently, Angela has taken on added responsibilities including serving as the borough sign contact, managing tennis permits, and helping with special events. A friendly and approachable addition to Stonehenge, Angela was nominated by Chief of Operations Geraldine Lawless.
Employee of the Month written and compiled by Sarah Coleman and Keith Kerman
The cheerful chirp of birds and the smell of fresh-cut grass can only mean one thing: it's time for Parks softball. Now entering its eighth fabulous year, the league has a tradition of friendly competition and impressive sportsmanship. Past teams have included Arsenal, Arsenal West, UPS, Central Park, Zoo Garage and each borough. Be sure to ask around your division so you can be included in this year's group. Games are a lot of fun and a great opportunity to get to know your fellow Parkies, so grab your cap, dust off your glove and batter up!
We will begin competition in early June. All interested boroughs and divisions should call or e-mail Sarah Coleman by Monday, May 20 if they wish to enter a team. The season schedule will be available on May 21st. All games will begin at 6 p.m. sharp, Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday, on Randall's Island. The league is co-ed, slow pitch and open to all full time and active seasonal employees.
THIRTEEN YEARS AGO IN THE PLANT
(Monday, May 21, 1989)
PEPS AND RANGERS READY FOR SPRING AND SUMMER
It was a day of pomp and ceremony, crisp salutes and crisper uniforms on Tuesday as Parks sent out a call to its troops and 175 Parks Enforcement Patrol officers and Urban Park Rangers gathered in Central Park from all corners of New York City's parkland.
As the Parks officers stood in military formation wearing green uniforms, "Smokey the Bear" hats and white gloves, there were "Sworn in" by Commissioner Stern on the Sheep Meadow to defend and protect the city's parks and playgrounds on the eve of the hectic spring and summer seasons.
QUOTATION FOR THE DAY
"Look at a day when you are supremely satisfied at the end.
It's not a day when you lounge around doing nothing;
it's when you've had everything to do, and you've done it."
(b. 1925)
Directions to Broadway Malls
More About Broadway Malls
Zip Code:10025, 10027
Council Member: Mark D. Levine
Park ID: M094A
Property Type: Mall


text:
The below-grade works at Fast + Epp's new Yukon St. head office are nearly finished, including excavation, retaining walls, elevator pits, and the parkade. The formwork, reinforcing, and trade installations on site continue.
The slab shoring material and setup of frames have recently started as well. In the coming weeks, the slab shoring will be set up, along with the continuation of the north wall formwork.
Meanwhile, cross-laminated panels and glulam beams for a mass timber floor system have been delivered and stored off site in Langley, and our team has started evaluations for its vibration performance. The floors consist of 3-ply cross-laminated timber panels with concrete topping spanning across glulam beams. A mock-up of the clear span floor system is built for testing to understand the vibration behaviour predicted during the design phase of the building. This study explores the effect of the panel-to-beam connections and the level of composite action on the overall vibration performance of the floor.
Erection of the new superstructure is anticipated to start soon and, with our pre-fabricated components, achieve an expedited installation on site.
Learn more about our new Home Office.
See photos of vibrations testing and below-grade works in action:


@Krystal has posted some info about levels/xp a while back and she crafts a lot, if I'm not mistaken. I personally don't - shame on me!!
I can tell you that accessories are always a safe choice, considering that you get buyers from several classes.
Let's see if our community agrees?!
Hello there, to reach lv20 in a craft profession, you are required to make 245k xp there from lv1, with estimation of 3months for the first craft.
Can't say the exact used licenses, everyone has their own preference whether to level slowly but sure or quickly but with more cost. First craft is always a hard beginning (with like 3 craft slots), but later you will get faster in leveling and eventually get used to it.
If you got more questions, don't hesitate to ask. Good day!
Kk ty maybe I will continue from the lvl 3 craft from my bd, thanks though!
Oh OK that good, for 3 months that nothing, but do you think I would get any profit once I get to lvl 20 profession? I dont have any MC coins so I'd either wait for a profession sale or just craft the normal ones that never require MC coins.
Also (sorry for the questions!) should I start with rings as a main profession? I have level 1 on my mage, but on the BD I never use, I do have a lvl 3 ring profession already to start with there.
Many Thanks for the help in the previous question though, BTW I'm Astro xD.
Of course you will get profit, there will be craft orders, and from there you produce gold.
If you know Nakox, he is a dedicated craftor and purely craft for business. You may give a try to ask him the tips and tricks, good luck!
Cant be that, plus anyways xd I have my mage which can solo cicada, lab and bird to get me an extra income so I guess I would'nt go bankrupt xD.
It will take a lot of time and gold to lvl up the craft, but it will give results if we suddenly introduce new equipment that is available only through crafting.
Yh I was thinking about that but I wouldn't mind if it was below lets say 250K gold, anyway thanks a lot for the help!
Though I think you're right as I spoke to Nakox too and he recommend to start with the professions you mentioned, so I guess your right! Thanks a lot for the help xD.
Nakox recommend to start with the professions you mentioned, so I guess your right! Thanks a lot for the help xD.
nah.. I don't blame you for liking him more than you like me, I do it all the time.
Forewarning, dont make amulets, nobody uses them.


It was morning. Mishti prepares a tray and brings it to Rohan's room. She goes to Rohan's room, then stops at the door recalling his warning that she must always knock the door of his room. She knocks the door, then peeks inside; there was none in there. She place the glass and a note on the bed side table. Rohan just comes out of washroom and watches Mishti. Mishti looks away without saying a word. Rohan comes to the breakfast and the note. Mishti watches him read, if there is some injury or bruise, milk and turmeric helps a lot. There is a band aid for any scratches. Rohan wonders why care for him, there is surely something between them. He smiles with the note.
"God witnessed me rescind in love at your first glance.
The convoy of our stories continued….
Tani speaks to a Ansh that there was a lot of drama, but she will meet Ansh in the evening. Arnav strictly forbids her to meet anyone, her exams are near and it's her new school. He forbids Tani to meet Ansh till he speaks to him alone. Pari comes there and was quizzical. Pari also sides Arnav that she doesn't wish Arnav and Bua face some problem because of her and Ansh. Pari now takes Arnav along. In the room, Pari tells Arnav I think I am in love. Arnav cheers and hugs Pari at once, and was excited. He says he is extremely happy hearing this. Pari says Arnav was always right, this feeling of love is amazing. She is ready to live this feeling now. She always friend-zoned him, but now she wants to step forward in that friendship. Arnav was about to hug her from behind. Pari says I am in love with Rohan. Arnav was left in tears.
Mishti calls on Veer's number. He ignores her call while getting ready for office. Mishti calls again. Veer doesn't take the call.
Pari turns to Arnav. Heartbroken, he wipes his tears silently. Pari was excited and says she never realized how she fall for Rohan. She asks if he is in shock. She always said that she can't love anyone; what if the other person breaks her heart. Rohan says she must not be afraid in love. Rohan chose her for 'Complete Woman' photo-shoot, and complemented that beauty lies in the eyes of beholder. She is beautiful in Rohan's eyes, everything is positive when Rohan is around. Sukhmani hears all this from the door, then leaves. Pari asks Arnav if Rohan must feel the same for her. Arnav was now badly crying, he tells Pari to go and ask Rohan itself.
Radika hears Mishti record a voice message for Veer. She was upset and says she called him so many times since last night, she loves him greatly and is ready to apologize the number of times he wish her to. She can bear anything, but will shatter if he remains angry with her. She requests him to speak to her. Veer was hurt when he hears the message. He says sorry, he can't speak to her right now; things are already worse and he doesn't want them worst.
Pari at once realizes Arnav was crying. She apologizes Arnav that she said all this to him, but he is her best friend. Who else she should have said all this. She hugs Arnav as he is her best friend. When she realized her love, she ran to him' she didn't even realize how bad he would feel. But it's their pact that they will speak out anything, no matter how bad it is. She hugs Arnav again, as she didn't mean to hurt him. They must remember, best friends now, best friends forever. Arnav nods, forcing a smile. Pari asks Arnav to go and speak to Rohan if he feels for her what she does. Arnav replies he can't do it, then walks out of the room. Pari thinks she can never lose Arnav as her friend, and will explain to him.
Radika stops Rohan for breakfast. Rohan says he isn't hungry. Radhika speaks to Rohan that she is a mother and understands what he is trying to hide. If she was his place, she must also have been hurt. His anger is justified. She joins her hands from Mishti's side, and explains she is good at heart and didn't intend anything wrong. Rohan stops Radhika from apologizing. Radhika says Mishti is extremely tensed because Veer isn't talking to her, she is extremely possessive for her siblings. She brings a line of doctors only if Ansh sneezes. She spot him smoking, Mishti couldn't understand what to do and held him responsible. She wish he could know Mishti, she is really good at heart. Rohan assures Radhika that Mishti is very good at heart, and extremely lucky to have an admiring family like them. Mishti said a lot to him and he didn't dislike anything, he knows she is good at heart. He accepts he is a little annoyed; but now it's all cool. He says she is forgetting, it's time for her Pooja. He promises to do breakfast.
Mishti cries in the room, remembering the best moments spent with Veer.
PRECAP: Mishti tries to lift the gas cylinder. Rohan comes to help. Mishti thanks him as she is used to doing her works herself. Rohan nods. Later, Mishti lights the burner but there was a minor blast. She turns around to hug Rohan with a scream.
Wat bout shameless cheater mishti just like she father.engage to marry one man n lusting after another.
Pari didnt do anything wrong.she is manless.
Seriously sandy.. Pari always throws herself over ruhan.. While Mishti jerks her hand away whenever she accidentally touch Ruhaan.. And by the mam real life me B engagement break hoti h.. And by the way as of now there is no track telecast which shows Mishti is having conversation or relationship with Ruhan.. She is not even friendly with him. So this situation can be easily real life.. This happen.
Shraddha, we never said that she did wrong by sharing her fngs with Arnav. But she is wrong 2 tell him 2 A 2 go 2 R 2 know if R feels the same. If Mish sends V 2 R 2 know if R feels 4 M. Will u supp her?
I am not liking pari right now , come on she knew how Arnav felt but still did not realize her mistake until she saw his face. After few second of apology based him to become her messenger really. I get it she wanted to share her feelings with her best frnd but there is a better way to do so, when she knew his feelings for her.
I knew for sure that Mishti would have done her best to make it up to Ruhaan for the way that she treated him. Her gesture was so beautiful. And the fact that she remembered to knock before entering his room shows how she's truly beginning to respect Ruhaan and his privacy. Ruhaan's words were so heartfelt, they were amazing. Now i know for a fact that its not just attraction but its love.
I'm not liking veer at all right now. Mishti is trying her best to get him to forgive her. Ruhaan was the receiver of the insult and he's already forgiven Mishti, so what's up with Veer the so call Fiance, he can't even take her call. Veer is avoiding Mishti while she's getting closer to Ruhaan. Veer said he needed time, i'm pretty sure within that same time Mishaan will be an item. Fingers crossed.
As for Pari. She pissed me off this episode, How can she be so SELFISH. Arnav is your best friend who by the way is hopelessly in love with you. How can u tell him you love someone else PLUS ask him to find out if that person loves you back. WHAT THE HELL. Come on Pari even after you saw the tears in Arnav's eyes you still went on and on and on. For this entire serial all you've been doing is thinking=Ruhaan dreaming=Ruhaan Talking=Ruhaan. Girl get yourself together.
All in all it was a great episode (Except for Pari), can't wait for next episode. Mishti and Ruhaan Cooking!
Moreover Mishti is not yet married…. Now only veer can't stand with her in her tough times, then what abt tomorrow…..
Even if Mishti and veer get married also , sure it will go in divorce only….
S1 is completely different, ppl don't compare wit S1….
There after knowing everything and living together for 7yrs , kunal cheated Mailing… Even though Nandini know Mauli's happiness is kunal….
Here Veer likes Mishti beauty , simple , soft nature….. But doesn't know abt him… When Mishti goes through pain , only Rohan understood her …. He wish to stand wit her, support her, pamper her in her pain….
Offcourse Mishti should choose Rohan only….
Abt lust , attraction is with Pari , by first sight oly she fallen n love wit Rohan, she never care for others … When she heard Ansh smokes, she doesn't make Ansh understand he s wrong , she never thought of Mishti pain….
Exactly Pari is shown as a self centered girl. She shows concern about her family only in front of Ruhaan so as to get a chance to hug him.. Such a chipku girl she is.


text:
James Robert Golka (Grand Island, 22 de septiembre de 1966) es un prelado estadounidense de la Iglesia Católica Romana que se ha desempeñado como obispo de la Diócesis de Colorado Springs en Colorado desde 2021.

Biografía

Primeros años y formación
Nació en Grand Island, Nebraska, fue uno de diez hijos del matrimonio de Robert y Patricia Golka.

Asistió a la escuela secundaria católica Grand Island Central, donde jugó al fútbol. Durante su tiempo en la Universidad de Creighton, comenzó a hablar sobre ingresar al sacerdocio con los jesuitas.

Después de graduarse de la universidad, pasó un año como voluntario en una escuela secundaria en la reserva india de Pine Ridge en Dakota del Sur en lo que llamó una prueba de su deseo de convertirse en sacerdote.

Sacerdocio
El 3 de junio de 1994, fue ordenado sacerdote para la Diócesis de Grand Island por el obispo Lawrence McNamara.

Junto con las asignaciones parroquiales como vicario parroquial y párroco, se desempeñó como director de formación continua del clero, director de retiros diocesanos para jóvenes, presidente de la Federación de la Comisión Litúrgica Diocesana, presidente de la Junta de Personal, miembro del Consejo Diocesano de Finanzas, del Consejo Presbiteral y la Junta de Pensiones. Fue como rector y párroco de la Catedral de la Natividad de la Santísima Virgen María.

Episcopado

Obispo de Colorado Springs
El 30 de abril de 2021, el papa Francisco lo nombró obispo de Colorado Springs.    El 29 de junio del mismo año, fue consagrado por el arzobispo Samuel J. Aquila.

Referencias

Obispos nombrados por Francisco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Another two weeks have flown by. We still haven't really done much. We've had a little bit more sunshine so have enjoyed hours and hours in the garden.
We also had a lovely trip to the seaside with daddy one Sunday which was lovely and had a lovely meal out.
Its nice having them both at home. They are having so much fun playing together, making stories up together and just enjoying each other. Paige loves spending extra time with Harleigh and I think Harleigh loves it too.


Reorganisation of Councils- I'm certain you know that the councils of Poole, Bournemouth and Christchurch will soon merge to form a polyglot. I personally don't have strong views and welcome opportunities to share expertise, rather than duplicate services…as long as it works. My concern is that we have been very active in holding Poole council to account for many years, but worry how our voice will be heard with expansion of the council. Who, for example in Purewell, Christchurch will be even remotely interested in the 'goings-on' in Whitecliff or Baiter? Thinking of this, not all Poole councillors have been interested either! Nevertheless, it is more important than ever we stand as a strong association so we can be and will be heard when occasions demand that this should be so.


text:
/*
 * Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) and its related class files.
 *
 * ZAP is an HTTP/HTTPS proxy for assessing web application security.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.zaproxy.zap.extension.api;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

import org.parosproxy.paros.common.AbstractParam;
import org.parosproxy.paros.network.HttpMessage;
import org.zaproxy.zap.extension.api.API.RequestType;

public abstract class ApiImplementor {

	private static final String GET_OPTION_PREFIX = "option";
	private static final String SET_OPTION_PREFIX = "setOption";
	private static final String ADD_OPTION_PREFIX = "addOption";
	private static final String REMOVE_OPTION_PREFIX = "removeOption";

	private static final Comparator<Method> METHOD_NAME_COMPARATOR;

	static {
		METHOD_NAME_COMPARATOR = new Comparator<Method>() {

			@Override
			public int compare(Method method, Method otherMethod) {
				if (method == null) {
					if (otherMethod == null) {
						return 0;
					}
					return -1;
				} else if (otherMethod == null) {
					return 1;
				}

				return method.getName().compareTo(otherMethod.getName());
			}
		};
	}

	private List<ApiAction> apiActions = new ArrayList<>();
	private List<ApiView> apiViews = new ArrayList<>();
	private List<ApiOther> apiOthers = new ArrayList<>();
	private List<String> apiShortcuts = new ArrayList<>();
	private AbstractParam param = null;

	public List<ApiView> getApiViews() {
		return this.apiViews;
	}

	public List<ApiAction> getApiActions() {
		return this.apiActions;
	}

	public List<ApiOther> getApiOthers() {
		return this.apiOthers;
	}

	public void addApiView (ApiView view) {
		this.apiViews.add(view);
	}

	public void addApiOthers (ApiOther other) {
		this.apiOthers.add(other);
	}

	public void addApiAction (ApiAction action) {
		this.apiActions.add(action);
	}

	public void addApiShortcut (String shortcut) {
		this.apiShortcuts.add(shortcut);
	}

	/**
	 * Adds the given options to the API implementor.
	 *
	 * @param param the options for the API
	 * @see ZapApiIgnore
	 */
	public void addApiOptions(AbstractParam param) {
		// Add option parameter getters and setters via reflection
		this.param = param;
		Method[] methods = param.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
		Arrays.sort(methods, METHOD_NAME_COMPARATOR);
		List<String> addedActions = new ArrayList<>();
		// Check for string setters (which take precedence)
		for (Method method : methods) {
			if (isIgnored(method)) {
				continue;
			}

			if (method.getName().startsWith("get") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
				this.addApiView(new ApiView(GET_OPTION_PREFIX + method.getName().substring(3)));
			}
			if (method.getName().startsWith("is") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
				this.addApiView(new ApiView(GET_OPTION_PREFIX + method.getName().substring(2)));
			}
			if (method.getName().startsWith("set") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 1 &&
					method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(String.class)) {
				this.addApiAction(new ApiAction(SET_OPTION_PREFIX + method.getName().substring(3),
						new String[]{"String"}));
				addedActions.add(method.getName());
			}
			if (method.getName().startsWith("add") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 1 &&
					method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(String.class)) {
				this.addApiAction(new ApiAction(ADD_OPTION_PREFIX + method.getName().substring(3),
						new String[]{"String"}));
				addedActions.add(method.getName());
			}
			if (method.getName().startsWith("remove") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 1 &&
					method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(String.class)) {
				this.addApiAction(new ApiAction(REMOVE_OPTION_PREFIX + method.getName().substring(6),
						new String[]{"String"}));
				addedActions.add(method.getName());
			}
		}
		// Now check for non string setters
		for (Method method : methods) {
			if (isIgnored(method)) {
				continue;
			}

			if (method.getName().startsWith("set") && method.getParameterTypes().length == 1 && ! addedActions.contains(method.getName())) {
				// Non String setter
				if (method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(Integer.class) || method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(int.class)) {
					this.addApiAction(new ApiAction(SET_OPTION_PREFIX + method.getName().substring(3), new String[]{"Integer"}));
					addedActions.add(method.getName());	// Just in case there are more overloads
				} else if (method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(Boolean.class) || method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(boolean.class)) {
					this.addApiAction(new ApiAction(SET_OPTION_PREFIX + method.getName().substring(3), new String[]{"Boolean"}));
					addedActions.add(method.getName());	// Just in case there are more overloads
				}
			}
		}

	}

	/**
	 * Tells whether or not the given {@code method} should be ignored, thus not included in the ZAP API.
	 * <p>
	 * Checks if the given {@code method} has been annotated with {@code ZapApiIgnore} or if it's not public, if any of the
	 * conditions is {@code true} the {@code method} is ignored.
	 *
	 * @param method the method that will be checked
	 * @return {@code true} if the method should be ignored, {@code false} otherwise.
	 * @see ZapApiIgnore
	 */
	private static boolean isIgnored(Method method) {
		return method.getAnnotation(ZapApiIgnore.class) != null || !Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers());
	}

	public ApiResponse handleApiOptionView(String name, JSONObject params) throws ApiException {
		if (this.param == null) {
			return null;
		}
		if (name.startsWith(GET_OPTION_PREFIX)) {
			name = name.substring(GET_OPTION_PREFIX.length());
			Method[] methods = param.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
			for (Method method : methods) {
				if (isIgnored(method)) {
					continue;
				}

				if ((method.getName().equals("get" + name) ||  method.getName().equals("is" + name)) &&
						method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
					try {
						return new ApiResponseElement(name, method.invoke(this.param).toString());
					} catch (Exception e) {
						throw new ApiException(ApiException.Type.INTERNAL_ERROR, e.getMessage());
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	public ApiResponse handleApiOptionAction(String name, JSONObject params) throws ApiException {
		if (this.param == null) {
			return null;
		}
		boolean isApiOption = false;

		if (name.startsWith(SET_OPTION_PREFIX)) {
			name = "set" + name.substring(SET_OPTION_PREFIX.length());
			isApiOption = true;
		} else if (name.startsWith(ADD_OPTION_PREFIX)) {
			name = "add" + name.substring(ADD_OPTION_PREFIX.length());
			isApiOption = true;
		} else if (name.startsWith(REMOVE_OPTION_PREFIX)) {
			name = "remove" + name.substring(REMOVE_OPTION_PREFIX.length());
			isApiOption = true;
		}

		if (isApiOption) {
			try {
				Method[] methods = param.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
				for (Method method : methods) {
					if (isIgnored(method)) {
						continue;
					}

					if (method.getName().equals(name) && method.getParameterTypes().length == 1) {
						Object val = null;
						if (method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(String.class)) {
							val = params.getString("String");
						} else if (method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(Integer.class) || method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(int.class)) {
							try {
								val = params.getInt("Integer");
							} catch (JSONException e) {
								throw new ApiException(ApiException.Type.ILLEGAL_PARAMETER, "Integer");
							}
						} else if (method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(Boolean.class) || method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(boolean.class)) {
							try {
								val = params.getBoolean("Boolean");
							} catch (JSONException e) {
								throw new ApiException(ApiException.Type.ILLEGAL_PARAMETER, "Boolean");
							}
						}
						if (val == null) {
							// Value supplied doesnt match the type - try the next one
							continue;
						}
						method.invoke(this.param, val);
						return ApiResponseElement.OK;
					}
				}
			} catch (ApiException e) {
				throw e;
			} catch (Exception e) {
				throw new ApiException(ApiException.Type.INTERNAL_ERROR, e.getMessage());
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Override if implementing one or more views
	 * @param name the name of the requested view
	 * @param params the API request parameters
	 * @return the API response
	 * @throws ApiException if an error occurred while handling the API view endpoint
	 */
	public ApiResponse handleApiView(String name, JSONObject params) throws ApiException {
		throw new ApiException(ApiException.Type.BAD_VIEW, name);
	}

	/**
	 * Override if implementing one or more actions
	 * @param name the name of the requested action
	 * @param params the API request parameters
	 * @return the API response
	 * @throws ApiException if an error occurred while handling the API action endpoint
	 */
	public ApiResponse handleApiAction(String name, JSONObject params) throws ApiException {
		throw new ApiException(ApiException.Type.BAD_ACTION, name);
	}

	/**
	 * Override if implementing one or more 'other' operations - these are operations that _dont_ return structured data
	 * @param msg the HTTP message containing the API request
	 * @param name the name of the requested other endpoint
	 * @param params the API request parameters
	 * @return the HTTP message with the API response
	 * @throws ApiException if an error occurred while handling the API other endpoint
	 */
	public HttpMessage handleApiOther(HttpMessage msg, String name, JSONObject params) throws ApiException {
		throw new ApiException(ApiException.Type.BAD_OTHER, name);
	}

	/**
	 * Override if handling callbacks
	 * @param msg the HTTP message containing the API request and response
	 * @return the API response (set in the HTTP response body)
	 * @throws ApiException if an error occurred while handling the API callback
	 */
	public String handleCallBack(HttpMessage msg)  throws ApiException {
		throw new ApiException (ApiException.Type.URL_NOT_FOUND, msg.getRequestHeader().getURI().toString());
	}

	public HttpMessage handleShortcut(HttpMessage msg)  throws ApiException {
		throw new ApiException (ApiException.Type.URL_NOT_FOUND, msg.getRequestHeader().getURI().toString());
	}

	public abstract String getPrefix();

	public ApiAction getApiAction(String name) {
		for (ApiAction action :this.apiActions) {
			if (action.getName().equals(name)) {
				return action;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	public ApiView getApiView(String name) {
		for (ApiView view :this.apiViews) {
			if (view.getName().equals(name)) {
				return view;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	public ApiOther getApiOther(String name) {
		for (ApiOther other : this.apiOthers) {
			if (other.getName().equals(name)) {
				return other;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	protected List<String> getApiShortcuts() {
		return this.apiShortcuts;
	}

	protected int getParam(JSONObject params, String name, int defaultValue) {
		try {
			return params.getInt(name);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			return defaultValue;
		}
	}

	protected String getParam(JSONObject params, String name, String defaultValue) {
		try {
			return params.getString(name);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			return defaultValue;
		}
	}

	protected boolean getParam(JSONObject params, String name, boolean defaultValue) {
		try {
			return params.getBoolean(name);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			return defaultValue;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Override to add custom headers for specific API operations
	 * @param name	the name of the operation
	 * @param type the type of the operation
	 * @param msg the HTTP response message to the API request
	 */
	public void addCustomHeaders(String name, RequestType type, HttpMessage msg) {
		// Do nothing in the default implementation
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Researchers in multimedia learning have compiled evidence-based principles to instruct designers and educators as to how multimedia can be more effectively engineered (Mayer 2005). At the other end of the spectrum are informed practitioners who engage directly with the learning community, whose intuition is modified by trial and error and who occasionally produce highly effective materials. How can these resources work together?
This website is intended as a resource for designers and educators: it mentions some of the research findings in the field of multimedia learning. A number or real-world examples (taken primarily from the Physclips project) are used as examples of how some of those findings are related to our work in multimedia learning materials.
According to cognitive load theory (Sweller, 1999), educators should ensure that the load on working memory does not exceed the capacity of the user. To this end, a number of research-based guidelines have been formulated to assist designers and educators. Mayer (2008) draws our attention to the following principles that are particularly relevant to the challenges of learning with animations and physclips.
Mayer, R. 2005 Introduction to Multimedia Learning, In The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning, 1 Edition, eds Richard. E. Mayer, 429-446. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, R. 2008 Research-Based Principles for Learning with Animation, In R.K. Lowe & W. Schnotz (Eds.), Learning with animation. Research implications for design (pp. 30-48). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sweller, J., (1999) Instructional design in technical areas. Melbourne: ACER Press.


text:
Bukowinki lub Bukowina (1209 m) – szczyt w głównym grzbiecie Pasma Radziejowej w Beskidzie Sądeckim. Znajduje się pomiędzy południowym wierzchołkiem Złomistego Wierchu (1224 m) a Przełęczą Długą (1166 m). Jest to szczyt zalesiony i zupełnie niewybitny, ma jednak duże znaczenie topograficzne, gdyż jest zwornikiem dla dwóch bocznych grzbietów odbiegających od niego na południową stronę:
 krótki grzbiet ze wzniesieniem Mokra (990 m). Oddziela dolinę Kotelniczego Potoku od Czarnej Wody,
 dłuższy grzbiet ze wzniesieniem Świniarki (979 m), oddzielający dolinę Starego Potoku od doliny Czarnej Wody (w dolnej części) i Kotylniczego Potoku (w górnej części).

Nazwę Bukowina podaje przewodnik Bogdana Mościckiego (oraz wysokość 1218 m). Na mapie turystycznej figuruje nazwa Bukowinki i wysokość 1209 m.

W odległości 50 m od wierzchołka Bukowiny od szlaku turystycznego w południowym kierunku odchodzi nieznakowana ścieżka prowadząca do zarastającej polany Mokra.

Przypisy

Szczyty Beskidu Sądeckiego
Pasmo Radziejowej


Even though baijiu is the world's most popular alcoholic beverage, most Americans have never heard of it. The potent, intensely flavored spirit is guzzled at the rate of ten billion liters a year in China, where it was first produced more than 400 years ago. But it's been much slower to catch on in the United States, even as the proliferation of so-called "foodie culture" has created a demand for ethnic cuisine. Some insiders in the alcohol production industry have pointed to baijiu's unique tang as the reason it has not commanded an American following, while others consider the labor-intensive distilling process a non-starter for large-scale production. Currently, there is only one distillery in the U.S that produces the drink from scratch – and it is helmed by a family of immigrants who are determined to respect the time-honored baijiu recipes of their ancestors, while introducing the drink to a whole new customer base.


Inspired by sound, touch, and beauty, I live to capture beautiful moments of life in all its forms. I believe that every moment is magical and my purpose with photography is to help and remind myself and others to appreciate and embrace the little things... those moments that most often pass by unnoticed. That, after all, is what life is made of... a string of moments that together create the magical patchwork of our existence.
I live life with my eyes wide open and my feet always on the move, and have been a storyteller for as long as I can remember. Whether using the written word or a camera lens, I am passionate about capturing life and the dynamic bond between humans, be it mother and child, partners, father and child, siblings, friends, etc... it is a bond that is both the most basic and mundane thing in the world while simultaneously being earth-shattering in its beauty and uniqueness.
As an introvert, I perhaps spend a bit more time observing than most and am keenly aware of little nuances that create the "spark" that sets an individual or relationship apart from every other.
My background is in photojournalism, and I bring that raw, natural, storytelling element to every session.
I began my wedding and portrait photography business in 2010 in the charming southern coastal town of Charleston, South Carolina. Since then, I have been based out of destination locales such as the Caribbean and the Hawaiian Islands. Currently I call "home" the heartbeat-of-wine-country town of Santa Rosa, CA while maintaining a frequent travel schedule around the world.
I would love meet you and capture YOUR story, whether in Sonoma County or beyond!
Send me a hello. I would love to hear from you!


text:
How Starbucks Helped One TikToker Realize She Had COVID
By Hope Ngo/Dec. 9, 2020 1:09 pm EST
It's now generally acknowledged that COVID-19 brings with it a loss of both taste and smell, but for one teen, those symptoms were made more dramatic because they were captured on TikTok.
Maryn Short had gone to Starbucks to pick up a new drink that had popped up on social media, and which could only be described as "super sweet" because the iced coffee beverage contained whipped cream, five pumps of vanilla syrup, and three pumps of caramel (via Buzzfeed News). It was, as she says, meant to taste like a caramel macchiato. But after the first sip, she is caught on TikTok looking perplexed before saying, "This has no flavor... why can't I taste it?", before asking the camera: "Do I have COVID?... hang on... I can't taste anything!" she says (via TikTok).
"I didn't think about COVID immediately, when I realized I couldn't taste," Short tells Today. "I initially thought maybe there was too much creamer in the drink ... I know heavy cream could kind of overpower the taste of some coffee, so I just figured that was what it was. The first time I was like 'This has no flavor.' And then I took a second sip and ... I was like 'Wait a second. Do I have COVID?'"
Short says she called her mother immediately, who asked her to get tested. She is now self-isolating and says she feels better.
The loss of taste and smell should be a reason to get tested
The loss of taste and smell have so far been the most obvious symptoms of COVID-19. Maryn Short says she had experienced some congestion but thought that had been triggered by allergies. She also said she had developed a slight fever, but has recovered. She tells Today that, "COVID can happen to anyone, and I didn't expect it to happen to me. I have been following the necessary guidelines and everything, and I don't know if I was ignorant by thinking that COVID would never happen to me ... When it did, it made me take a step back. I realized this can really come from anywhere. And I think that me posting that video did the same for a lot of people, and they're like, 'OK, maybe I should go get tested.'"
US Surgeon General Dr. Jerome Adams has already previously warned that "... the one symptom that I would alert people to that really differentiates flu from COVID is loss of taste or smell. If you get that symptom, then you need to be reaching out to your health provider right away and going in and getting a COVID test," Adams told NPR. "But if you have any symptoms that are suspicious for cold or flu, contact your health provider, and they will help you think through what the process is for differentiating between cold and flu. Do not try to self-diagnose."


"Tara Sheridan is the best criminal profiler around - and the most unconventional. Trained as a forensic psychologist, Tara also specializes in Tarot card reading. But she doesn't need her divination skills to realize that the new assignment from her friend and sometime lover, Agent Harry Li, is a dangerous proposition in every way.
Former Cold War operatives, all linked to a top-secret operation tracking the disposal of nuclear weapons in Russia, are disappearing. There are no bodies, and no clues to their whereabouts. Harry suspects a conspiracy to sell arms to the highest bidder. The cards - and Tara's increasingly ominous dreams - suggest something darker. Even as Tara sorts through her feelings for Harry and her fractured relationship with the mysterious order known as Delphi's Daughters, a killer is growing more ruthless by the day. And a nightmare that began decades ago in Chernobyl will reach a terrifying endgame that not even Tara could have foreseen..."
I'm going to keep this review brief, because the beauty of reading a novel is uncovering all of its secrets for yourself, one page at a time. There's nothing worse than reading spoilers before reading the book for yourself. So I'll just give you the basics, and hope that you trust my glowing recommendation.
I thoroughly enjoyed reuniting with the cast of characters I met in the first book. Tara returns, and her tentative relationship with Harry (her Knight of Pentacles) is finding its legs while they work together to find a mysterious murderer whose goal is to facilitate worldwide horror and tragedy in a most unprecedented manner.
Cassie and the Pythia are also back in this sequel with a storyline of their own, which eventually merges with Tara and Harry's quest. There are also a few new characters who keep things entertaining.
The story centers around Chernobyl and the aftermath of the devastation that happened there. A few days after I finished reading this book, the explosions began at Japan's nuclear power plant. The synchronicity was uncanny.
As in the first book, Tara uses her tarot cards (which she hides in a cigarette box in her purse) throughout the book, and we get to experience each reading.
She also has several tarot related dreams, where figures from certain tarot cards come to life and guide her, giving her clues as to what the future has in store.
This engaging paperback is 360 pages, with 21 chapters. I'm assuming the number of chapters is a wink and a nod to the numbered Major Arcana cards, as I believe Dark Oracle also has 21 chapters.
Rogue Oracle definitely deserves a place on your bookshelf. But be sure to start out with Dark Oracle , if you haven't read it yet, so you will be familiar with the characters and their back stories.
The Fate of Tara's Future?
I asked Alayna if there would be additional books in the series, and she says she was only contracted for the first two Oracle books. She has an outline waiting for the third book, if she gets the green light from Juno Books. I'll be crossing my fingers, because I really, really want to explore more of Tara's adventures!
This book review was originally posted on my previous blog (Tarot Dame) on 4/11/11.


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text:
Los Osos
Chase Bank/
Los Osos, California
Chase Bank in Los Osos, California locations and hours
In Los Osos, California, there are 1 Chase Bank branches, click on the desired office for detailed information, hours, location and phones.
1 locations in Los Osos, California
www.chase.com
Chase Bank branches in Los Osos, California locations and hours
Chase Bank, Los Osos, California
1045 Los Osos Valley Rd
Chase Bank services in Los Osos, California
Chase Bank branches in Los Osos, California, online map
Other banks in Los Osos
The most popular banks in Los Osos, California:
M & I


Each instrument uses only SWAROVSKI ELEMENTS. and all instruments are 100 percent playable. At Rudy's you can see finished guitars such as the Jubilee inspired by Michael Jackson and the Springtime Strat which features over one hundred multicolored butterflies.
We currently are busy with many commissions, working on with artists ranging from Rock to Country!
Check out character Lil' Robbie! based on Robert Kantor, designed by CRASH.
With music by Eric Clapton and animated by Jahan Loh.
All music copyright, Eric Clapton, 2009, Warner Bros.