text:
The diary of a baby doll.
Friday, 30 October, Year 12 d.Tr. | Author: Mircea Popescu
Wed Tue September 9 8. Today was a very big day because of yesterday. Yesterday Daddy introduced me to Doll. Doll is Daddy's girlfriend. Daddy said Ashley, say hello to Doll. She is my girlfriend. Doll then bent over like I never saw before. She held her back straight and looked at me very close. She said Hi Ashley. I could feel her breath. I said Hi. Then she said how many times have I done this before. I said many. She said she never did it before. She said that it's okay if she's not my first Doll, but that I am her first Ashley. She said I am very special to her, and asked please to never forget that. I am her first Ashley and please don't break her heart. I started crying. She gave me a hug. She smelled so nice. Doll is very beautiful. She is so great and perfect in every way. I am one day going to show her all my journal. Even here where it says I love her. I will show her because I love her very much. She is the best ever. I hope to be just like her. Then the biggest thing happened. Dad said it is time for me to get ready. Doll said no. Dad asked her what is she talking about. She said she is not going anywhere and grabbed me close. She was almost choking me. I cried. Dad said what are you on about. Doll said she is never letting me go no matter what. Dad looked at her like she was crazy. Doll was just trembling and shaking her head no. Dad went inside. I asked her where is he going, and she said to call a lawyer if he has any sense. She asked me if I would like to stay with her and I said yes very much. What about Mom though. She asked me if I liked her. I said not really. I don't know why I said that. Mom works very hard, but our place is very small and we never do anything. She is always working or tired. And she gets upset because I am bored because there is nothing fun to do. I should have more respect. Then we talked and Dad came back. He said you'd better take her out shopping then or something. Meaning me. The story is, he said, she already picked her up, meaning Mom picked me up. He said after that I do not know what happened. You say you found the child wandering about the mall. She did not want to tell you what had happened, so you bought her some food and talked to her for a while and then she told you her parents name finally and because you knew me you drove her over. That is your story. Then he says after that keep her out of sight. As soon as Mom files for missing person he is going to send some boys over from the precinct to find her here, meaning me. They will file the story and then we go to court because of it. He said I'd better be ready for it because there is no backing out. Dad scratched his head. You sure about this he asked Doll. I love her she said. Meaning me. I started to cry. Doll rushed me into her car. She drives a convertible. Doll is hella cool. We went to the mall. We walked and we talked. I told her tomorrow is my birthday. She bought me this journal for a present. See how pretty it is ? She said I should write in it every day. But I am going to make this be like yesterday and write today later in. Although it is really today when I am writing now I will say like it was yesterday. We talked lots and she said we will have the best time together. I asked her what she does. She said she used to go to school, but she has had pipi fanny epiphany. I asked her what that is, she said like when you realise something very big and obvious. She said she is a lover now. That is what she does, she loves. I told her that is the greatest thing and I never heard anything like it. She said neither did she, not before it happened to her. Then she asked me if I have any clothes. I said not really, I only came to visit for the morning. I was supposed to be back by lunchtime. She asked me if I'd like to go shopping for pajamas with her. I asked her if she has any money. She said she has a little left on her card and besides we can beg Daddy afterwards if he'll pay for it. What an idea! She asked me if I had ever begged for anything before, and I had to say I don't really know. She made me promise I'd do it with her. She said it's a lot of fun, you have to go down on your knees and really beg with your whole heart. She made me promise I'd do it with her. She told me she never really did it either, but she really wants to. She said she was affraid she'd chicken out just by herself, but if we both do it then it will be a lot more fun anyway. We tried on lots and lots of things, and we practiced our begging in the dressing room. She was right, it is a lot of fun. In the end we left with a very pretty thing for her. It made her look sorta like a princess. Doll is so beautiful! We got two things for me, one long stretchy tube of very soft material colored like the skin with see-through on the sides and a pink bell-like thing very short with big pink feather bunches at the end and around the neck. She said they look just great on me. I never had anything like it before, Mom only ever buys me cotton things like for little girls and Dad never bought me pajamas ever. Then she said I have to eat a whole steak! Gross! We had to walk all across the mall to where this place Ruth's Chris is. What sort of a name is that anyway ? She ordered two New Yorks medium rare and they brought us raw meat! I mean it wasn't even cooked inside and they were huge. She said I have to eat it anyways! She's crazy! Then she said if I don't eat it she's going to beg me to right there in front of everyone, so I had to eat it. Gross! I asked her if she even likes this and she said she's been training herself to, and one day she'll order it blue. That's even less cooked than raw meat! She says a real woman has to train herself to swallow absolutely anything. I asked the waiter if they have snails. Just to mess with her, I did. You should have seen Doll's eyes wider than her plate. He said oh yes, absolutely, the scare-goat's fabulous just came in this morning. I asked if I could have some and he said most certainly. She just sat there and looked at me. I said to her I said I know you're a real woman Doll, so now you have to swallow them all. She just sat there staring as they brought them in, holding her breath I think. It really is true, they will bring you snails when you order them at that restaurant. I didn't think to say medium rare though so they were cooked. There's also a little special fork they give you, all tiny like for a doll house. She ate one very slowly, like she was eating something horrible, like earthworm or snail or something. Then she said hey this is pretty good and had another. By then I was curious but when she offered me one I said she's just messing they're probably terrible and she's just trying to trick me. So she got off her chair and went down on her knees and came all over to my seat like that and said if I love her I'll eat the scare-goat. So I had to. It wasn't really bad at all, we shared the rest. Then a man came to our table and he said to Doll he said Miss, excuse me but if I may say, that is the most beautiful thing that he never saw before a dedication like that from a babysitter and here is my card. Doll giggled and thanked him. I didn't say anything to him, but then we kept giggling together. I think he must have paid for our raw meats because the waiter said the check was already taken care of when we left. By the time we got back home it was dark out already. Doll put me to bed and got into bed with me and told me a great bedtime story I think she made-up herself, about a little girl and her adventures. Maybe it was from when she was a little girl herself. Then she told me that I have to stay in bed until she comes pick me up in the morning, no matter if I sleep or not. She made me promise her I will and I promised. I love Doll. I will always do anything she says. She's so great! Then she kissed me good night and then I fell asleep.
Wednesday September the 9th. Doll is making breakfast and I am writing now at the table. Before I was writing yesterday but that is done so now I am writing today. I showed her my journal and she said is it really true you love me too, and I said yes! And we hugged. She said it's the best thing that happened since she met Dad and that we'll have to do a love contest sometime because she thinks she loves me more. But I said no way she loves me more, I love her the most. Maybe she does, I don't know.
Doll said I should write out the day, and also call it the 9th not just 8. And also that I should make paragraphes because it is kinda hard to read otherwise and put what people say in quoted marks. And also she gave me a little pill to swallow. She said it will be our little secret, it's a special estrogen pill which is the whoremone girls get when they're older, especially the most beautiful ones, and that it will make my boobs grow evenly and big and without stretchmarks and also make me be pretty when I'm all grown up. And she said that's why I have to swallow lots of meat, too, no matter how gross it is, and drink milk, to grow big and tall and strong and have really big breasts. I wonder why nobody else told me this before. But she is right, if it makes you pretty it's worth swallowing anything. Even if it's gross.
Daddy is not at home, he left early for business. He is often gone, which is why before Doll was here I couldn't stay even if I wanted to. But now with Doll it's different. We were going to beg him for the things this morning before he left but he just said "sure don't worry about it" without even looking at us. Honestly it was a lot more fun when we were practicing for it. I was wearing my tube pajama and he laughed and laughed when he saw it. He asked if I am practicing to be a sea creature. Doll said "get out of here Square Pants" and he left laughing. Then after he left Doll showed me how to walk in the tube, because you're not supposed to walk normally in it, you're supposed to keep your legs together mostly and do a sorta butt shake, it's pretty weird.
Then after breakfast she asked me if I want to go for a swim, and I said sure but I have no bathing suit, but she said only poor people go in the water with clothes on, and besides she doesn't really want me dressed around the house anyway. I asked her how come and she said it's just better for a girl to get used to being natural so she grows up secure and honest. I asked her if she had read that up somewhere, and she said no, they never print any of the good stuff. It's always crap and bullshit they print up. I kinda thought she's right, to be honest. So we went for a swim and we hung out by the pool to work on our tans and we chatted and I asked her how come her parents named her Doll, how did they know she was going to be so pretty. But she said her parents didn't call her that, she said Daddy called her that. So I asked her what was she before and she said she was Candi, with an eye. I asked her why would her parents name her that, did they think she'll grow up to be a strip girl or something and she said it wasn't her parents, but Daddy again, she said when they first met the first day she had such a great time with him she begged him to give her a name and that's what he came up with. I had no idea people can just come up with names like that but she said sure. I decided right then I want to not be Ashley anymore, what a stupid name. I didn't burn down or anything. She asked me what I want to be then and when I said Babydoll! she just started crying and hugging me. She said it's perfect for me and that after Dad gets custody she'll tell him to change my name too. Or she said I can do it anyway when I'm 18een. 18! Why not 45, I'll be dead before that. But anyone will call me Babydoll anyway, and we'll get Tshirts with our names on them also.
Then she asked me what do I want to do for my birthday because she remembered! Mom also always remembers, but she only buys some store cake or something and gifts of things I needed anyway like sport shoes for school. Mom never said "what do you want to do for your birthday Babydoll" although she didn't know I was Babydoll back then either but then again whose fault is that! I didn't know what to say so then she asked me how about a pajama birthday party! Such a beautiful wild idea! She asked me who my friends were, and that I should make a list of maybe a dozen or so which means twelve, and she will go and get all the supplies but I shouldn't open the door to anyone while she is gone. When she came back she had bagfuls and bagfuls of things, glow sticks and even fireworks and body paint and joke things like fart pillows and masks like from the carnival with feathers and many great things and big colorful jewelry and everything! She looked at my list and she said but no Babydoll, there can't be any boys, remember the whole thing with keeping low and custody. Then she made me show the profiles of the girls on the list, and she asked me if we're really close or they're just some girls from school and I had to admit they're just the girls that'll let me sit at their table in the cafeteria so she said no way and she made me make the list of the most popular girls in all my classes and she checked out their profiles and had me call and message them to invite them and she helped me with the wording and in less than not even an hour we had twelve confirmed rsvp out of maybe twenty or so we tried.
My 12th birthday party was the best party in my life! It is just incredible how in the morning we were just sitting by the pool chatting like nothing and then later that same evening we were having the best party ever. Doll really knows how to do things right. First things first she told all the girls that she has to take their phones because there's a custody battle going on and I can't be seen. She made it sound like I was totally gangsta, everyone was looking up to me like I was Cardi B! These girls do advertisements for Disney and are top influencers of social media and I was their QUEEN! Then later after the cake she broke out the fireworks and bodypaints and masks and said everyone should take their clothes off except of course if it makes anyone uncomfortable she can keep her panties on. But nobody did because who wants to be that girl, right! Doll winked at me like, "see" and yeah, totally! Then she started firing roman candles into the pool from the balcony and shaking Martinelli's bottles dousing everyone. It was WILD! I never had so much fun in my whole life EVER!
Then we went to bed sorta. Doll organized everyone to move all the matresses out of the spare bedrooms out on the deck and we all slept in this huge triplequeen size bed under the stars except of course nobody could really sleep. So we just stayed up all night and we're all best friends now because of Doll! And she said because that we're friends they can come visit any time and my life is just the greatest ever.
Thursday September the 10st. Doll was up early and spent all morning taking the girls back home. I was in my room checking my insta which is now zooming every boy in school liking my stuff now because everyone added me and they say really nice things. Dad's service people cleanned up the house all morning but Dad is in Florida for business and then we had lunch on the deck just me and Doll and then she said we have to go see Dr. Smallchild who is her ginnycolecist. This is the craziest stuff I never heard about, a giniolegist is an old doctor guy with a reflector attached to his head and you have to take all your clothes off and sit on a chair with torture instruments for your ankles and he touches you right there! He asked me things about my period and put lube on my belly and rubbed a cold metal razor on it which takes pictures of inside of you and then he said I'm perfectly fine and there's nothing to worry about which was nice to hear. I was very ashamed to be up there in front of Doll like that, but she said there's nothing to be ashamed of and a girl should never think that way about her body. It's just not right, she said. Maybe she's right, I think.
On the way back she asked me if I masturbate and of course I said no but she said she bets I do like in the shower or in bed at night sometimes and I had to admit that I do and she said there's nothing wrong with it, it's good for me and I should do it every day. I asked her if she's sure because I heard it can be bad for your health and can also make you pregnant but she said that's ridiculous. She said it's the best thing for sexual health at my age and also that you can't ever be pregnant if there are no boys there which is a relief. Who wants boys to be there anyways! And she asked me how I do it and if I ever hold it in and try not to let it happen while also rubbing it and when I said no she said I should try it because it makes it better, and also she said if I do it in the shower the best way is to wait until I really have to pee and then let go and pee while it's happening. That is so out there! I had no idea people do this kinds of things, but she said yeah of course, all the time. And then she said when I'm older she's going to show me how to do it with the beads and all sorts of things. Doll is really fascinating and she knows so many things about everything!
Then after dinner she asked me if I want to paint her toenails and I said yes of course! And so we painted her toenails pink and then she painted my toenails the same exact pink and now we're toesisters and then later she said it's time for bed but I begged her to get in with me and tell me a story of hers and then after she did I wouldn't let her go anymore I just held her tight and begged her to sleep with me please which she didn't want to do saying it's not right and what if Dad comes or anything but really, Dad is in Florida and I love her and I want to sleep with her every night. She is so soft and loving and warm there is no better place to be outside of in her arms. I love Doll.
Friday September the 11th. Really all I want to do all day long is just lay in bed with Doll and kiss her all over and hug and just be with her or by the pool or anywhere. I spent the whole day just following her around the house and eventually she started making fun of me for it and I said I just can't help it, because I love her. And then she did the weirdest thing, she turned towards me and she said, "then maybe I should beat you, Babydoll". I asked her wouldn't that hurt and she said it damn well right hurts, and asked me if I'm some sort of chickenshit. I said I'm not and I will do anything she wants me to no matter what it is, but I asked her why would she hurt me and she said "Babydoll, you'll be hurt in this life, it's a given. It's always better if someone you truly love does it." which makes no sense at all but also made me all warm inside, like I really, really wanted her to hurt me bad now. So we went through all the closets looking for belts and we found some pretty great ones and then she had me bend over my bed face down and she hit me over the ass. It burned like HELL! I was on fire, like she peeled my skin off and poured rubbing alcohol on it. I yelled out and she asked me if I had enough. I turned to look at her with tears in my eyes but I said only when she's had enough and she rubbed my welt which still hurt a little bit softly and then hit me again with a wider belt which was even worse, and every time she kept asking me if I had enough but I always said only when she's had enough so she kept going and going until eventually she fell down crying and kissing me and saying "Oh Babydoll I can't hurt you anymore, I'm sorry baby I'm sorry, don't hate me, please." but I told her I could never hate her no matter what she did to me because I loved her and always will. Then I asked her if anyone had done this to her before and she said no, never so then I asked her why did she do it to me and she said because she was curious. Then she asked me if I want to do it to her and I said sure. So she kneeled face down in my bed and I grabbed a belt and tried to hit her but it didn't do much. She showed me how to hold the belt and explained how to hit with it and then when I hit her she yelled like I killed her or something. There was a huge red mark on her ass sorta to the side and she was crying in bed. I said to her "have you had enough you little chickenshit". I don't know why I said that but she started crying even harder and she was saying "no no Babydoll" and "please hurt me" and "oh it hurts so bad" and all sorts of things through her tears and it was very confusing. I kept hitting her with all the belts until my arms were tired and she was dark black all over, and then she kept crying in my arms for a long time about how bad it hurt. It was even better than before, I enjoyed holding the hurt and beaten Doll crying in my arms even more than when we were in bed before and I told her. I said "I like hurting you so much Doll!" and she tried to smile with tears in her eyes but it was more like a wince of pain.
As we were laying there and she was sobbing I asked her, I said "what do you and Dad do" and she looked at me and asked "what do you mean". "You know what I mean" I said, "like why did you say what if Daddy comes and we're in bed." She told me they have sex, and I asked her what that is, so she explained to me that when a man owns a woman he sometimes pushes himself inside of her, which is very enjoyable. I asked her if it hurts, and she said that not really, maybe a little occasionally, maybe a little more the first time, but not really. There are ways to make it hurt more, which people sometimes do, but it's not usually a painful thing. I asked her if it hurts anything like the belts and she said oh no, absolutely not. But she did say it feels so good because it makes you feel you're his, just like the belts do. It's true, too, I never felt so much like she was mine as when she was squirming in pain because I belted her so I asked her if it was the same way for her when she was hurting me, and she said of course, that's what it is. So I asked her then, I said she's the only Doll I have, but she has both me and Dad, it's not fair. She told me that in time I'll have others too, but I told her I don't care about it, I don't want anyone else, I just want her. She just looked at me with her big eyes wide open, and with tears on her long eyelashes, and then I asked her what is someone called like her, who has many people owning her and she said she is a slut. Then she hugged me tight and begged me to not stop loving her, she can't help being a slut, she was born that way. I told her that I love her too much to ever stop, but she has to promise she will never ever leave me. She said "silly girl, I already have" but I made her promise again, and again, and again and then we fell asleep.
Saturday September the 12nd. We both had breakfast standing up. I had to sleep on my tummy only now, we worked too much on our sun tans and my back was kinda burned and then the belts tan was even worse and there was just no way. Then later I heard Doll turn on the shower and I went in and joined her. She caressed my zebra butt and when I looked at her she said "you just want to beat me again, don't you". I said kinda, because yeah, totally I wanted to beat her again, but she said "You can't, Babydoll. It's too much. You'll kill me." and yeah, her welts were all bruised and huge. They looked much worse than they did yesterday. I told her I want to beat her like nothing I wanted ever before, but she can tell me when she's ready for it again.
Then the police came by so we had to hop out. There were a bunch of people with the policemen, they interviewed me in my bathrobe. They asked my name and all sorts of questions but I just told them I don't remember. Then they asked Doll and she told them she's Dad's fiance and that a friend of his brought me over Tuesday night because she found me at the mall by myself. She told them she doesn't know how I got there, and that I wasn't here about noon - half past noon when she came to meet Dad. She told them he's in Florida on business and she's agreed to stay here at the house until the situation is sorted out. Then Dad showed up just as they were about to leave and told them the same things all over again. Then he showed them on his phone a judge order that he has temporary custody and everyone basically packed it and left. Then Doll told me to go upstairs, and I said "Yes Miss!" and high-tailed it out of there.
At night Doll came to put me to bed like always, and as she got in with me I asked her what did Dad say ? "He said what did you do to her and I said what do you mean and he said I've never seen Ashley that way and I said she's Babydoll now so he said what the... and I said because she loves me so much and he said what the hell did you do to her and I said I beat her" she told me. I couldn't believe my ears. "But aren't you affraid ?!" I asked her. Yes, she said. She was petrified, but what was she going to do, lie ? To Dad ? "Then he said what the hell's wrong with you, she's just a kid, are you fucking crazy ? and I said she beat me too, black and blue. It's a love thing and then I showed him what you did to me." I never met anyone so brave and heroic as Doll. She said Dad thought her ass looks just beautiful, and he said he had never seen me do anything great or anything like that ever before. He told her he's proud of me! I asked her if they had sex afterwards and she said yeah, lots. I told her she owes me and she said "anything you want, baby. Anything at all."
Sunday September the 13th. Dad made us breakfast and he said to me he heard I'm Babydoll now and I said yeah! and he asked me how come and I said because Doll is the greatest and I love her. He said he loves her too and I said that's just great and we will be so happy. He seemed confused but then he asked me if Doll beat me, and I said yeah! and he asked me how come so I said because I asked her to. He asked me why did I ask her to and I said because I love her! He said that makes no sense and I said of course it does, Dad! Being hurt by who you love is the greatest thing. He asked me how old I am and I said I'm twelve now and he said I don't sound twelve and I said thank you. Dad seemed more and more confused. Doll started to say something but he cut her off harshly, "Shut up you, I'm talking to my daughter." so she just kneeled on the floor and kept quiet and her eyes down. Dad told me love is a complicated thing and it unveils itself to people little by little. I said that sounds pretty cool, actually. I hadn't thought about it that way before but I can see he's right. I don't think he expected to hear anything like that, because he thought about it a minute and then said young people have to take it easier and slow themselves down even though it doesn't come natural, because they've not yet seen enough of the cards to know how to play their hand. I asked him what would he like me to do, and he said he'd like us to stop beating on each other for one thing. I said okay but he really didn't seem ready for it, because he asked me what did I say. I told him I said okay, I won't beat his fiance and I won't ask her to beat me anymore if he doesn't want me to. He scratched his head. He turned to Doll and asked her "what are you doing to my daughter ?" Doll looked up at him with those beautiful large eyes of hers and said she's trying to give me all the opportunities she never had growing up. Dad said she'd better take good care of me, and Doll said she will. Then he told her to swear, and she swore. Then we ate pancakes.
Doll started trying to teach herself French. We hung out trying to pronounce words all day. French is really weird. We rubbed aloe lotion on the welts, which are somehow even worse than they were I think, especially on her. Then Doll put me to bed, she told me a long story but I don't remember any of it. I fell asleep instantly in the warmth of her arms.
Continued >>
« Das Wilde Leben
Babydoll goes back to school »
Category: Cuvinte Sfiinte
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Hwy 190 Highway
27707 W Orleans Street
60057 Lake Road
LOTS 8 &19 St.Louis Street
LOTS 2, 3, 24 & 25 St. Louis Street
LOTS 7 & 20 St. Louis Street
LOTS 13 & 14 St. Louis Street
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E-mail: jahi@annexpublishing.org
Editorial Board Member - JAHI
Helena Nunes Cabaco
Institute of Molecular Medicine
Dr. Helena Nunes Cabaço is currently working as a research associate at Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon. She completed her PhD in Biomedical Sciences at Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon. She received many honors and published various articles.
Dr. Helena Nunes Cabaço research is mainly focused on the study of the human thymus in health and in the context of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. She has been exploring HIV-2 infection of the human thymus as a model to investigate the establishment of viral reservoirs and the control of HIV replication.
Other Editorial Board Members - JAHI
Huan-Zhang Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering
Tzi Bun NG
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
SHITTU RASAQ OLATUNJI
Head of Department of HIV/AIDS and Family Medicine
Kwara State Specialist Hospital
Lingjun Zhao
Institute for Molecular Virology
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Yinggao Zhou
School of Mathematics and Statistics
LEONID B. MARGOLIS
Ilia University
Peng Zhan
Shandong University
Maretha Visser
Jennifer Chan
Institute for Gender, Race, Sexuality and Social Justice
Claver Pedzisai Bhunu


text:
3 Reasons Your Medical Records Are at Risk
Credit.com
When hospitals find themselves in the middle of a breach, they usually prioritize improving their security to prevent further security breach incidents.
In addition to defending themselves against data breaches, health systems also need to find the right balance to adequately protect their patients' privacy.
Since medical information is stored digitally, patients may not be fully aware how crucial it is to protect their data from being seen by unauthorized persons. Some privacy breaches may be avoidable, and learning from these mistakes is essential for health systems to maintain security of sensitive patient information. Here are three reasons why patient security may be lacking at health organizations.
Privacy Is on the Back Burner
When health IT systems are built, ensuring patient privacy is usually not on the forefront of designers' and engineers' minds. These IT experts usually put system functions ahead of privacy, which could result in poor privacy protection down the road. Some developers may also leave out privacy features altogether, which could put patient information at risk for being compromised.
Human Error
In a recent report, psychiatric facilities in Texas suffered a string of data breaches, but the majority of them were caused by human error, The Republic reported.
Deborah Peel, the Austin founder of watchdog group Patient Privacy Rights, said repeated data breach incidents could lead patients to question whether their information is secure, which could cultivate distrust among patients. "Our patients deserve privacy and expect that their information is kept confidential," said Christine Mann, spokeswoman for the Texas Department of State Health Services.
Organizations Don't Prepare for Insider Breaches
While health systems may report cyberattacks, they are also susceptible to data breaches caused by employees.
One of the data breaches reported in Texas' Big Spring State Hospital in the past six months was the result of an insider data breach. A former nursing assistant stole the information of about 50 patients, including their names and other medical information.
"I feel like I can't trust the hospital anymore, not with anything personal," said James Boucher, one of Big Spring's patients impacted by the breach. "I don't even know where the records have been."
If you're worried that your medical records may be exposed and lead to identity theft, you can monitor your credit for free using the Credit Report Card, which updates two of your credit scores monthly. Any sudden, unexpected change in your credit scores could signal possible identity theft and you should consider pulling your credit reports to make sure your information is safe (you can do this for free once a year at each of the major credit bureaus).
Read More from Credit.com
The Risks You Face From Identity Theft
How Can You Tell If Your Identity Has Been Stolen?
What Should I Do If I'm A Victim of Identity Theft?


text:
Q: Fancy jQuery Tags Selector I am looking to add a jQuery/Javascript based selector type of element in my application. The idea is that a user is presented with say 50 tags inside a textarea, but instead of just selecting a tag word and removing it, there is an X alongside that removes the tag from the list and there is a textbox where a new word can be added. Hope this makes sense.
I would like to ask, is there a ready made open source solution for this ?

A: Actually found one which seems to do the trick :
http://loopj.com/jquery-tokeninput/

A: I've been working on a project recently and this plugin worked very nicely for me:
http://xoxco.com/projects/code/tagsinput/
It does "x" to delete, backspace to delete, callback on adding and removing tags, autocomplete and other nice features.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Article development led by queue.acm.org
Flash memory has come a long way
and it is time for software to catch up.
BY aDam h. LeveNthaL a file System all its own
in the past five years, flash memory has progressed from a promising accelerator, 7 whose place in the data center was still uncertain, to an established enterprise component for storing performance-critical data. 4, 9 With solid-state devices (SSds), flash arrived in a form optimized for compatibility—just replace a hard drive with an SSd for radically better performance. But the properties of the nAnd flash memory used by SSds differ significantly from those of the magnetic media in the hard drives they often displace. 2 While SSds
have become more pervasive in a variety of uses, the industry has only just started to design storage systems that embrace the nuances of flash memory. As it escapes the confines of compatibility, significant improvements are possible in the areas of performance, reliability, and cost.
The native operations of NAND flash memory are quite different from those required of a traditional block device. The flash translation layer (FTL), as the name suggests, translates the block-device commands into operations on flash memory. This translation is by no means trivial; both the granularity and the fundamental operations differ. SSD controllers compete in subspecialties such as garbage collection, write amplification, wear leveling, and error correction. 2 The algorithms used by modern SSDs are growing increasingly sophisticated despite the seemingly simple block-read and block-write operations that they must support. A very common use of a block device is to host a file system. File systems, of course, perform their own type of translation: from file creations, opens, reads, and writes within a directory hierarchy to block reads and writes. There is nothing innate about file-system operations that make them well served by the block interface; it is just the dominant standard for persistent storage, and it has existed for decades.
Layering the file-system translation on top of the flash translation is inefficient and impedes performance. Sophisticated applications such as databases have long circumvented the file system—again, layers upon layers—to attain optimal performance. The information lost between abstraction layers impedes performance, longevity, and capacity. A file system may "know" that a file is being copied, but the FTL sees each copied block as discrete and unique. File systems also optimize for the physical realities of a spinning disk, but placing data on the sectors that spin the fastest does not


The escorted tour starts from Montecatini Terme.
Starting time of the tour: 9.15 or 3.30 p.m.
PROGRAM: A Delightful excursion to the famous city of Pisa with its architectural beauties. Once arrived in Pisa with our guide will visit the famous Miracles Square explainign the wonders of this area. You will admire the leaning Tower (exterior), the Baptistery (exterior) and other beautiful monuments before entering inside the Cathedral (interior). At the end of the guided visit you will have free time for taking pictures and shopping before coming back to Montecatini.


text:
February 4, 2012 <February 4, 2012
Hopes to get back George Cross from Britain dashed
Shimla : Hopes to bring back the George Cross awarded to a pre-independence Indian soldier have grown dimmer as the British authorities have turned down the plea of an Indian investigating agency that the medal was stolen, says an official.
British authorities observed that the medal was not a stolen property but had been purchased by the current owner, Ashok Nath, a non-resident Indian who is settled in Britain.
The medal recipient's widow, Brahmi Devi, 77, who lives in a village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, had claimed that it was stolen from her residence.
"The British investigating agencies in its report sent to police here have ruled out the possibility of theft and cheating. They said the medal was genuinely purchased by Nath from S.L. Jain (a coin and medal dealer based in Delhi)," Director General of the Criminal Investigation Department I.D. Bhandari said .
He said there is a bleak possibility of bringing back the medal to India.
"There is a possibility that the medal can be again listed for the auction. But still we have not lost hope. Three days back the official concerned (here) have been told to relook into the matter," he added.
The medal was allegedly stolen from Brahmi Devi's house in 2002. She had reported the theft Feb 3, 2002.
Her husband, Kirpa Ram was awarded the George Cross, considered the civilian counterpart of Britain's highest military decoration – the Victoria Cross, for sacrificing his life to save his comrades while disposing of a misfired rifle grenade at a camp in Bangalore Sep 12, 1945.
Brahmi Devi received the medal on her husband's behalf from the then Viceroy, Field Marshal Lord Wavell, in 1946.
Bhandari said the British authorities' investigation was based on a DVD purporting that the George Cross was being sold by Brahmi to a man named Kirpal Singh, who was accused of stealing it.
He said they didn't take into notice that Brahmi was illiterate and aged. "They didn't go deep into the facts of the case that how a poor woman was deceived and her innocence was exploited to get the medal."
During investigation, Brahmi Devi, who was widowed at 13, said she had never sold the medal to anyone.
Police interrogated S.L. Jain, a reputed coin and medal dealer from Delhi and Kirpal Singh, a resident of Punjab's Moga town.
According to Bhandari, the state police are demanding the interrogation of Nath, who is based in London.
Nath, in one of his communications to Himachal police in 2009, said he had acquired the medal in good faith nine years ago from Jain after being shown two affidavits along with a video which convinced him that the medals had been acquired in a proper manner.
The issue of a stolen medal came to light when Britain's leading auction house Dix Noonan Webb listed the medal for auction Dec 2, 2009.
When the controversy arose, the head of auctioneers Dix Noon Webb, based in Mayfair, London, had then said that Ram's George Cross medal was "disposed of" by his widow in 2000 – and not stolen from her house as she claims.
Later, on the intervention of the Indian government, the British authorities withdrew the medal from the auction.
Bilaspur News, George Cross, Himachal Pradesh News
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This p0st section brings 40 image of Grade, some of them are including Math Worksheets Division 4th Grade Worksheet Example. 3rd Grade Math Worksheets 56. Math Worksheets For Third Grade Students And Worksheet Fun 2. Printable Division Worksheets 3rd Grade 87.


text:
Collected Philosophy
Samuel Kimpton-Nye
Forking Paths
0 comments | 22 shares
Estimated reading time: 10 minutes
Samuel Kimpton-Nye on the philosophy and logic of what might have been
I imagined a labyrinth of labyrinths, a maze of mazes, a twisting, turning, ever-widening labyrinth that contained both past and future and somehow implied the stars.
—Borges, The Garden of Forking Paths
Your life could have been different, in all sorts of ways. You could have chosen a different breakfast cereal, outfit, career, partner, or place to live. The decisions you make settle which of many possible paths your life will take. But just how many possibilities are open to you? Could you have been a rock star? A ballet dancer? President of the USA?
Perhaps you think you couldn't have been a rock star because you don't like rock music, or that you lack the strength and coordination to be a ballet dancer. But you could have acquired a taste for rock music and with the right training, you could have developed the attributes of a ballet dancer. Perhaps you think you couldn't have been president of the USA because you weren't born in the USA. But you could have been born in the USA, had your parents lived there, so you really could have been president.
How far do the bounds of possibility extend? Could you make headlines by running a three-minute mile? The scientific evidence suggests that actual human biology makes running a three-minute mile impossible. However, human evolution itself could have taken a different path.
Could you run a mile in three microseconds (0.000003 seconds)? This would mean travelling faster than the speed of light, which would violate a law of nature. But perhaps the laws of nature could have been different. Now things are getting more controversial, and philosophers and scientists will disagree on whether the laws of nature really could have been different, in any sense.
Could you make your fortune in the art world by drawing a round square? M. C. Escher depicted all sorts of seemingly impossible objects, so why not? But we are yet to see a round square depicted artistically (I'm not convinced that this counts). You'd be forgiven for thinking that there really is no sense in which it is possible to draw a round square. And certainly, no matter how hard you tried or how the history of the world had been different, you couldn't make it the case that two plus two equals five (though this can get complicated!). While the possibilities may extend further than you first thought (you really could have been president after all!), they do have their limits.
Philosophers take special interest in possibility, in this widest sense. Philosophers are also interested in related notions such as necessity ('it is necessary that 2 + 2 = 4') and contingency ('it is only contingent that I am not president because I could have been president'). Possibility, necessity, and contingency are often categorized under the heading 'modality'.
There are two particularly important philosophical questions about modality. First, what makes modal statements—statements about what's possible, necessary, and so on—true? Second, how should we reason with modal statements?
Consider the first question. What makes 'it is possible that you became president of the USA' true? Perhaps you are the current president of the USA, in which case, thank you for taking some time out of your busy Twitter schedule to read this essay! If you are the current president of the USA, then it is possible that you became president of the USA because you actually did become president. Actuality implies possibility (more on this in a moment). But assuming you are not the current president, or a past president, what makes it true that you could have become president?
This is where philosophers have typically appealed to 'possible worlds' (most trace the notion back to Leibniz). The idea is that besides the actual world that we inhabit (not just the planet Earth but the entire universe), there are other worlds in which every possible alternative scenario is played out. It is true that you could have become president, then, because there is some world in which you are president!
What are possible worlds? The pre-eminent twentieth-century philosopher David Lewis famously argued that they are other concrete universes, just like the universe we inhabit. So, according to Lewis, every way things could possibly be is the way that some world is. But Lewis's view of possible worlds is met with incredulity by the majority of contemporary philosophers, most of whom would rather think of possible worlds as 'abstract objects' rather than concrete parallel universes.
Possible worlds understood as abstract objects are then said to 'represent' alternative possibilities: for every way the world could have been, there is an abstract representation in which the world is that way. But what are these abstract possible worlds and how do they represent alternative possibilities? These are difficult questions indeed, questions to which some think there are just no good answers.
Recently, philosophers such as Barbara Vetter have taken a more down-to-earth approach to this first question and suggested rooting possibility firmly in the concrete (as opposed to abstract) objects of this world. It is possible that the glass on my desk breaks. But this is not because it breaks in some possible world; it is because of something about the glass itself, namely, the fact that the glass is fragile. Fragility is a 'potentiality' of the glass, a potentiality to break. It is this potentiality that makes it true that it is possible that the glass breaks. Similarly, the possibility that you became president is rooted in your potentialities, not some fact about what goes on at some other possible world. I think that this down-to-earth approach is the right one.
What about the second question? How should we reason about modality? Logic is the study of how to reason and philosophers of logic are interested in the rules that ensure good reasoning. Modal logic is concerned with a particular set of these rules: those for reasoning about what is possible and about what is necessary. Remember above I said that if you are actually president, it follows that it is possible that you became president. This is an instance of a general rule of modal logic, namely, anything that is actually the case is possibly the case.
Some rules of modal logic are a little more complex. For example, many philosophers think that if it is possible that you became president, then it is necessarily possible that you became president. In general, anything that is possibly the case is necessarily possibly the case—philosophers call this rule of modal logic the '5 Axiom'.
Recall that the type of possibility that interests philosophers is possibility in the widest sense, the sense not affected by contingencies such as birthplace. So, if you were born outside of the USA it doesn't mean that it is not possible for you to be president, in the widest sense of 'possible', because you could have been born in the USA. This is to say that if something is possible in the widest sense, then whatever actually happened to be the case, it would still be possible—it is necessarily possible. This is just what the 5 Axiom tells us. So, it is because philosophers are interested in this wide sense of possibility that they find the 5 Axiom to be an attractive rule for reasoning about possibility.
Let's briefly take stock. I have suggested that modal statements are made true by the potentialities of familiar things in the universe rather than by possible worlds—the down-to-earth approach. And I have suggested that when reasoning about possibility, if we know that something is possible, then we can infer that it is necessarily possible—the 5 Axiom.
But to carry out our due diligence when thinking about the philosophy of what might have been, we must now ask: Are the down-to-earth approach and the 5 Axiom consistent with one another? In other words, can it be the case both that modal statements are made true by the potentialities of things and that if something is possible, then it is necessarily possible? At first glance, it looks like we have a problem.
While we might agree that it's possible that you became president even though you were born in France, what if you'd never be born at all? Perhaps your parents never met. They had a potentiality to never meet; and if they never met, you wouldn't have existed. And if you didn't exist, there would be no you to have the potentiality to be president. Recall that the down-to-earth approach understand possibility in terms of potentiality. So it follows that it wouldn't be possible for you to be president in this scenario. It looks as though you being president is possible, but it is not necessarily possible. The upshot of all of this is that if we adopt the down-to-earth approach, then the 5 Axiom—if something is possible, then it is necessarily possible—cannot be a logical law because we have found a counterexample to it.
I argue, however, that this is too quick: it is true that if you didn't exist, there would be no potentiality for you to be president, but it doesn't follow from this that it is not necessarily possible that you were president. If we are resolute in our rejection of possible worlds, and given certain further assumptions about existence and the beginning of the universe, the down-to-earth approach and the 5 Axiom can coexist. The further assumptions I have in mind are the following:
· Whatever existed at the first moment of the universe exists necessarily and has all of its potentialities necessarily.
· All potentialities are derivative of the potentialities of this first thing that exists necessarily.
These assumptions are quite plausible given certain considerations from the science of cosmology, as well as the sensible starting position that modality concerns physical things in the actual world, rather than abstract objects or other possible worlds.
From these assumptions it follows that nothing has a potentiality for it to be the case that nothing ever had a potentiality for you to be president. In other words, whatever the case may have been, there would always have been a potentiality for you to be president—there couldn't have failed to be a potentiality for you to be president—et voilà, it turns out that it is necessarily possible that you were president!
From considerations of how things might have been, in the widest sense, and of how best to reason about how things might have been, we are led to the conclusion that whatever existed at the first moment of the universe exists necessarily and that the potentialities of all other things are derivative of this first, necessarily existing thing. And so although it is possible that you are not a US citizen, and it is possible that you were never been born, it is necessarily possible that you became the president. I leave it to others to argue about the significance of this conclusion!
This essay is based on the article 'Can Hardcore Actualism Validate S5?', by Samuel Kimpton-Nye, published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research.
Samuel Kimpton-Nye is Research Associate in Philosophy at the University of Bristol, working on the MetaScience project. His research focuses on issues in the philosophy of science, metaphysics, and logic, and has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant agreement no. 771509.
Posted In: Read
Can Technology Revive the Destroyed Past? September 1st, 2020
Logical Gaps
From the vaults: Parallel Universes
Does the Future Exist?
Brain in a Vat and Other Stories: A Celebration of Hilary Putnam
Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method
Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE
philosophy-forum@lse.ac.uk


text:
Ramuliseta thaica är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Valery Korneyev 2001. Ramuliseta thaica ingår i släktet Ramuliseta och familjen Ctenostylidae.

Artens utbredningsområde är Thailand. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Tvåvingar
thaica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
/*
 * This code was generated by https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-java-client-services/
 * Modify at your own risk.
 */

package com.google.api.services.cloudtasks.v2beta2.model;

/**
 * App Engine HTTP request.
 *
 * The message defines the HTTP request that is sent to an App Engine app when the task is
 * dispatched.
 *
 * This proto can only be used for tasks in a queue which has app_engine_http_target set.
 *
 * Using AppEngineHttpRequest requires
 * [`appengine.applications.get`](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/admin-api/access-control)
 * Google IAM permission for the project and the following scope:
 *
 * `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform`
 *
 * The task will be delivered to the App Engine app which belongs to the same project as the queue.
 * For more information, see [How Requests are
 * Routed](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python/how-requests-are-routed) and how
 * routing is affected by [dispatch
 * files](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/config/dispatchref). Traffic is encrypted
 * during transport and never leaves Google datacenters. Because this traffic is carried over a
 * communication mechanism internal to Google, you cannot explicitly set the protocol (for example,
 * HTTP or HTTPS). The request to the handler, however, will appear to have used the HTTP protocol.
 *
 * The AppEngineRouting used to construct the URL that the task is delivered to can be set at the
 * queue-level or task-level:
 *
 * * If set,    app_engine_routing_override    is used for all tasks in the queue, no matter what
 * the setting    is for the    task-level app_engine_routing.
 *
 * The `url` that the task will be sent to is:
 *
 * * `url =` host `+`   relative_url
 *
 * Tasks can be dispatched to secure app handlers, unsecure app handlers, and URIs restricted with
 * [`login: admin`](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python/config/appref). Because
 * tasks are not run as any user, they cannot be dispatched to URIs restricted with [`login:
 * required`](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python/config/appref) Task dispatches
 * also do not follow redirects.
 *
 * The task attempt has succeeded if the app's request handler returns an HTTP response code in the
 * range [`200` - `299`]. The task attempt has failed if the app's handler returns a non-2xx
 * response code or Cloud Tasks does not receive response before the deadline. Failed tasks will be
 * retried according to the retry configuration. `503` (Service Unavailable) is considered an App
 * Engine system error instead of an application error and will cause Cloud Tasks' traffic
 * congestion control to temporarily throttle the queue's dispatches. Unlike other types of task
 * targets, a `429` (Too Many Requests) response from an app handler does not cause traffic
 * congestion control to throttle the queue.
 *
 *
 This is the Java data model class that specifies how to parse/serialize into the JSON that is
 * transmitted over HTTP when working with the Cloud Tasks API. For a detailed explanation see:
 * https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/java/google-http-java-client/json
 *

 *
 * @author Google, Inc.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("javadoc")
public final class AppEngineHttpRequest extends com.google.api.client.json.GenericJson {

  /**
   * Task-level setting for App Engine routing.
   *
   * If set, app_engine_routing_override is used for all tasks in the queue, no matter what the
   * setting is for the task-level app_engine_routing.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private AppEngineRouting appEngineRouting;

  /**
   * HTTP request headers.
   *
   * This map contains the header field names and values. Headers can be set when the task is
   * created. Repeated headers are not supported but a header value can contain commas.
   *
   * Cloud Tasks sets some headers to default values:
   *
   * * `User-Agent`: By default, this header is   `"AppEngine-Google;
   * (+http://code.google.com/appengine)"`.   This header can be modified, but Cloud Tasks will
   * append   `"AppEngine-Google; (+http://code.google.com/appengine)"` to the   modified `User-
   * Agent`.
   *
   * If the task has a payload, Cloud Tasks sets the following headers:
   *
   * * `Content-Type`: By default, the `Content-Type` header is set to   `"application/octet-
   * stream"`. The default can be overridden by explicitly   setting `Content-Type` to a particular
   * media type when the   task is created.   For example, `Content-Type` can be set to
   * `"application/json"`. * `Content-Length`: This is computed by Cloud Tasks. This value is
   * output only.   It cannot be changed.
   *
   * The headers below cannot be set or overridden:
   *
   * * `Host` * `X-Google-*` * `X-AppEngine-*`
   *
   * In addition, Cloud Tasks sets some headers when the task is dispatched, such as headers
   * containing information about the task; see [request
   * headers](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/taskqueue/push/creating-
   * handlers#reading_request_headers). These headers are set only when the task is dispatched, so
   * they are not visible when the task is returned in a Cloud Tasks response.
   *
   * Although there is no specific limit for the maximum number of headers or the size, there is a
   * limit on the maximum size of the Task. For more information, see the CreateTask documentation.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.util.Map<String, java.lang.String> headers;

  /**
   * The HTTP method to use for the request. The default is POST.
   *
   * The app's request handler for the task's target URL must be able to handle HTTP requests with
   * this http_method, otherwise the task attempt will fail with error code 405 (Method Not
   * Allowed). See [Writing a push task request
   * handler](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/java/taskqueue/push/creating-
   * handlers#writing_a_push_task_request_handler) and the documentation for the request handlers in
   * the language your app is written in e.g. [Python Request
   * Handler](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/tools/webapp/requesthandlerclass).
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String httpMethod;

  /**
   * Payload.
   *
   * The payload will be sent as the HTTP message body. A message body, and thus a payload, is
   * allowed only if the HTTP method is POST or PUT. It is an error to set a data payload on a task
   * with an incompatible HttpMethod.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String payload;

  /**
   * The relative URL.
   *
   * The relative URL must begin with "/" and must be a valid HTTP relative URL. It can contain a
   * path and query string arguments. If the relative URL is empty, then the root path "/" will be
   * used. No spaces are allowed, and the maximum length allowed is 2083 characters.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String relativeUrl;

  /**
   * Task-level setting for App Engine routing.
   *
   * If set, app_engine_routing_override is used for all tasks in the queue, no matter what the
   * setting is for the task-level app_engine_routing.
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public AppEngineRouting getAppEngineRouting() {
    return appEngineRouting;
  }

  /**
   * Task-level setting for App Engine routing.
   *
   * If set, app_engine_routing_override is used for all tasks in the queue, no matter what the
   * setting is for the task-level app_engine_routing.
   * @param appEngineRouting appEngineRouting or {@code null} for none
   */
  public AppEngineHttpRequest setAppEngineRouting(AppEngineRouting appEngineRouting) {
    this.appEngineRouting = appEngineRouting;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * HTTP request headers.
   *
   * This map contains the header field names and values. Headers can be set when the task is
   * created. Repeated headers are not supported but a header value can contain commas.
   *
   * Cloud Tasks sets some headers to default values:
   *
   * * `User-Agent`: By default, this header is   `"AppEngine-Google;
   * (+http://code.google.com/appengine)"`.   This header can be modified, but Cloud Tasks will
   * append   `"AppEngine-Google; (+http://code.google.com/appengine)"` to the   modified `User-
   * Agent`.
   *
   * If the task has a payload, Cloud Tasks sets the following headers:
   *
   * * `Content-Type`: By default, the `Content-Type` header is set to   `"application/octet-
   * stream"`. The default can be overridden by explicitly   setting `Content-Type` to a particular
   * media type when the   task is created.   For example, `Content-Type` can be set to
   * `"application/json"`. * `Content-Length`: This is computed by Cloud Tasks. This value is
   * output only.   It cannot be changed.
   *
   * The headers below cannot be set or overridden:
   *
   * * `Host` * `X-Google-*` * `X-AppEngine-*`
   *
   * In addition, Cloud Tasks sets some headers when the task is dispatched, such as headers
   * containing information about the task; see [request
   * headers](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/taskqueue/push/creating-
   * handlers#reading_request_headers). These headers are set only when the task is dispatched, so
   * they are not visible when the task is returned in a Cloud Tasks response.
   *
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   * output only.   It cannot be changed.
   *
   * The headers below cannot be set or overridden:
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   * * `Host` * `X-Google-*` * `X-AppEngine-*`
   *
   * In addition, Cloud Tasks sets some headers when the task is dispatched, such as headers
   * containing information about the task; see [request
   * headers](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/taskqueue/push/creating-
   * handlers#reading_request_headers). These headers are set only when the task is dispatched, so
   * they are not visible when the task is returned in a Cloud Tasks response.
   *
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   * @param headers headers or {@code null} for none
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   * The app's request handler for the task's target URL must be able to handle HTTP requests with
   * this http_method, otherwise the task attempt will fail with error code 405 (Method Not
   * Allowed). See [Writing a push task request
   * handler](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/java/taskqueue/push/creating-
   * handlers#writing_a_push_task_request_handler) and the documentation for the request handlers in
   * the language your app is written in e.g. [Python Request
   * Handler](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/tools/webapp/requesthandlerclass).
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   * Allowed). See [Writing a push task request
   * handler](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/java/taskqueue/push/creating-
   * handlers#writing_a_push_task_request_handler) and the documentation for the request handlers in
   * the language your app is written in e.g. [Python Request
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   * with an incompatible HttpMethod.
   * @see #getPayload()
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Metabolite of Lichens
For Patients & Caregivers
Tell your healthcare providers about any dietary supplements you're taking, such as herbs, vitamins, minerals, and natural or home remedies. This will help them manage your care and keep you safe.
There is no scientific evidence on usnic acid for weight loss, and supplements containing it have been associated with severe liver toxicity.
Usnic acid is a compound found in lichens. It has been used as a preservative in moisturizing creams, and as an ingredient in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and deodorants because of its antibacterial properties. Dietary supplements that contain usnic acid are promoted for weight loss, but scientific evidence is lacking. The supplements have also been associated with liver toxicity.
Purported Uses
This claim is not supported by scientific evidence.
Usnic acid has been used in moisturizing creams, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and deodorants because of its antibacterial properties.
In one small study, an intravaginal formulation of usnic acid and zinc showed favorable results when used along with radiosurgery for HPV infection.
This claim is not backed by scientific studies.
This use is not supported by scientific evidence.
Patient Warnings
Weight loss supplements containing usnic acid are associated with severe liver toxicity.
Do Not Take If
You are taking anticoagulants: Theoretically, usnic acid may have additive effects with anticoagulant medications.
You are taking CYP450 3A4 substrate drugs: Animal studies suggest usnic acid can decrease the effects of such drugs. Clinical relevance is not known.
Usnic acid can cause liver damage when used in high doses.
Allergic reactions have been reported with topical use.
LipoKinetix, UCP-1
[2,6 diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzo-furandione]
Clinical Summary
Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite of lichens. Some species of lichens have been used in traditional medicine for pain relief, fever, and wound healing. Usnic acid is used as a preservative in cosmetic products. In vitro and animal models suggest antioxidant (1), anti-inflammatory (2), antimicrobial (3) (4), antiproliferative (5) (6) (7) (8), and burn-healing (9) properties. In a small clinical study, adjunctive use of an usnic acid and zinc compound had favorable effects against genital human papillomavirus infection (10).
Over-the-counter supplements that contain usnic acid have been promoted for weight loss, but evidence is lacking (11). Misuse of usnic acid products has been associated with severe hepatotoxicity (12) (13) (14).
Food Sources
Usnic acid is found in Kombucha tea (12).
Lichens are not commonly consumed as food.
Usnic acid has two enantiomers that are thought to have different biological activities. (+)-Usnic acid has antimicrobial (3) (4), anti-inflammatory (2), and cytotoxic (5) effects while (-)-usnic acid exhibits anti-protozoan properties (15). Usnic acid can induce oxidative stress and inhibit mitochondrial function in liver cells (16) (17), which may contribute to its hepatotoxicity.
Other data suggest that usnic acid may protect gastric cells from drug-induced oxidative damage (1), and inhibit prostaglandin synthesis (2). Antiproliferative effects against breast cancer cells were independent of p53 activity (6). In lung cancer cells, it inhibited cell growth via G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and induced cell death via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptotic induction (18).
Weight loss supplements containing usnic acid have been associated with severe hepatotoxicity (14).
Acute hepatitis is also attributed to the use of Kombucha tea, which contains usnic acid (12).
Liver damage with use of usnic acid-containing supplements (12) (14) (19).
Topical use may cause local irritation and allergic reactions (11).
Fulminant liver failure: Following use of usnic acid for weight loss in one woman that eventually required liver transplantation (13).
Anticoagulants: Theoretically, usnic acid may have additive effects with anticoagulant medications (14).
CYP450 3A4 substrates: In animal studies usnic acid induced CYP3A4, and may affect the intracellular concentration of drugs metabolized by this enzyme (20). Clinical relevance is unknown.
Herb Lab Interactions
In 2 case reports, usnic acid dramatically increased ALT, AST, ALK P, and total bilirubin levels, and also prolonged prothrombin time (14).
Odabasoglu F, Cakir A, Suleyman H, et al. Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of usnic acid on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. Jan 3 2006;103(1):59-65.
Vijayakumar CS, Viswanathan S, Reddy MK, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of (+)-usnic acid. Fitoterapia. Sep 2000;71(5):564-566.
Francolini I, Norris P, Piozzi A, et al. Usnic acid, a natural antimicrobial agent able to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation on polymer surfaces. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Nov 2004;48(11):4360-4365.
Weckesser S, Engel K, Simon-Haarhaus B, et al. Screening of plant extracts for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts with dermatological relevance. Phytomedicine. Aug 2007;14(7-8):508-516.
Koparal AT, Tuylu BA, Turk H. In vitro cytotoxic activities of (+)-usnic acid and (-)-usnic acid on V79, A549, and human lymphocyte cells and their non-genotoxicity on human lymphocytes. Nat Prod Res. Dec 2006;20(14):1300-1307.
Mayer M, O'Neill MA, Murray KE, et al. Usnic acid: a non-genotoxic compound with anti-cancer properties. Anticancer Drugs. Sep 2005;16(8):805-809.
Kumar KC, Muller K. Lichen metabolites. 2. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of gyrophoric, usnic, and diffractaic acid on human keratinocyte growth. J Nat Prod. Jun 1999;62(6):821-823.
O'Neill MA, Mayer M, Murray KE, et al. Does usnic acid affect microtubules in human cancer cells? Braz J Biol. Aug 2010;70(3):659-664.
Nunes PS, Albuquerque RL, Jr., Cavalcante DR, et al. Collagen-based films containing liposome-loaded usnic acid as dressing for dermal burn healing. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:761593.
Scirpa P, Scambia G, Masciullo V, et al. [A zinc sulfate and usnic acid preparation used as post-surgical adjuvant therapy in genital lesions by Human Papillomavirus]. Minerva Ginecol. Jun 1999;51(6):255-260.
Ingolfsdottir K. Usnic acid. Phytochemistry. Dec 2002;61(7):729-736.
Chitturi S, Farrell GC. Hepatotoxic slimming aids and other herbal hepatotoxins. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. Mar 2008;23(3):366-373.
Durazo FA, Lassman C, Han SH, et al. Fulminant liver failure due to usnic acid for weight loss. Am J Gastroenterol. May 2004;99(5):950-952.
Sanchez W, Maple JT, Burgart LJ, et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with use of a dietary supplement containing usnic acid. Mayo Clin Proc. Apr 2006;81(4):541-544.
Wu J, Zhang M, Ding D, et al. [Effect of Cladonia alpestris on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 1995;13(2):126-129.
Han D, Matsumaru K, Rettori D, et al. Usnic acid-induced necrosis of cultured mouse hepatocytes: inhibition of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Biochem Pharmacol. Feb 1 2004;67(3):439-451.
Moreira CT, Oliveira AL, Comar JF, et al. Harmful effects of usnic acid on hepatic metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. Apr 25 2013;203(2):502-511.
Singh N, Nambiar D, Kale RK, et al. Usnic acid inhibits growth and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65 Suppl 1:36-43.
Yellapu RK, Mittal V, Grewal P, et al. Acute liver failure caused by 'fat burners' and dietary supplements: a case report and literature review. Can J Gastroenterol. Mar 2011;25(3):157-160.
Mannering GJ, Shoeman JA. Induction of murine cytochrome P4503A by the lichen constituents usnic and vulpinic acids. Drug Metab Dispos. Jul-Aug 1994;22(4):663-665.
Email your questions and comments to aboutherbs@mskcc.org.


text:
Jerash: the Epic Ruins in Jordan
The Cardo Maximum at Jerash, Jordan. Lindsay Nieminen photos.
Who Needs Rome when you can visit Jordan's Jerash?
By Lindsay Nieminen
It was hot. Clothing-sticking-to-your-body hot. But I was not going to let that deter me from exploring the ancient colonnaded streets of Jerash, the best-preserved Roman city
A man in Jerash with traditional headgear.
outside of Rome and located less than an hour's drive north of Amman, the capital city of Jordan.
While thousands of visitors flock to the red rose city of Petra or visit Mount Nebo on a quick religious stop in the country, many do not stay in Jordan long enough to explore one of the most impressive remains of the Roman Decapolis, Jerash.
Known in Roman times are Gerasia, Jerash is a worthwhile stop in any Jordan Itinerary, as you do not just see a small ruined site, it is an entire city that you can walk through, and its state of preservation is amazing.
Hadrian's Arch
Enter Jerash from the south via Hadrian's Arch and you get a glimpse of what was once a bustling city.
Traditionally dressed Jordanians with young visitors from Vancouver BC.
The arch, a 13 meter high, triple arch, was built in 129 AD to commemorate the visit of the Roman Emperor Hadrian.
It is comprised of a main central arch, and two smaller arches flanking each side. At one time, huge wooden doors would have hung under the main arch.
After a drink of water under the shade of Hadrian's Arch, I continued to the Forum Cardo. The oval forum was only recently discovered in 1970 by Jordanian Army forces, who were setting up tents in what was an ideal campsite, a flat location in an area full of hills.
It is an impressive sight not only because of its sheer size, but because of its design of limestone laden stones, getting larger as you move away from the center of the oval and, its 56 corinthian, honey-colored columns, decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls.
This discovery of the oval forum became one of Jerash's hi-lights, as the forum once served as a marketplace and was the center of social and political life for the residents of Gerasia.
Walking through the giant forum, I imagined peddlers selling their wares, woman gossiping about local news, and announcements being made above the bustling noise of a vibrant city.
Despite its status as a Roman city, the columns in the oval forum were carved in the Greek style.
Beyond the Forum Cardo lies the Cardo Maximus, a once flat colonnaded street which is now bumpy and wavy on account of the
The Jerash site in northern Jordan.
earthquakes that once rattled the region. While I walked towards the Northern Gate of the city, a close examination of the stones bears marks from wheeled carts.
The stones lay in such a way that the carts would not bump over each stone, but could travel smoothly across the road.
The Cardo Maximus was built in the 1st century AD and included manholes and allowed for underground drainage. The level of sophistication in 2000-year-old structures still amazes me.
It is intersected by the East-West running Decumanus, noted by the remains of four towers, one on each corner of the intersection.
As I continue along the Cardo Maximus, barren stalls on either side of the street were once full of goods for sale, as shopkeepers supplied this buzzing city with goods.
Plenty of Roman structures lie on either side of the street, from the cathedral entrance, western baths and the Nymphaeum, the main fountain in Jerash.
Markus exploring the Oval Forum – discovered in 1970 when army reserves used the spot to set up their tents.
The Nymphaeum
The Nymphaeum is a huge two-story structure, which once had a half-dome roof. During its glory, water cascaded from the heads of seven carved lions into a basin on the street below.
It gives clues to what the ancient city looked like, as some original plaster and paint still remain on the upper level of the fountain. The entire city was once ornately painted, yet only small remnants exist to show how it once was.
When I emerged to see the South Theatre, its size took my breath away. And well, standing on the edge of an ancient theatre with rough crumbling rock edges is a little terrifying as well.
I was careful as I climbed up to the top, taking a view from one of the best seats in the house at the colorful stage below. Built between 81 and 96 AD, this 2000-year-old theatre once sat over 5000 spectators.
Now empty, but remarkably preserved, it is easy to imagine what it would have been like to see the residents of this city seated in the theatre.
Wandering to the highest point of Jerash, I gazed over at Zeus' Temple. Intricate and delicate greek carvings amongst massive blocks are still prominent in this religious site. Fifteen churches also lie in the historic site of Jerash.
When Christianly became the official religion in the Empire, churches and cathedrals became the priority, as cities competed to build elaborate structures. Mosaic's of animals, grape leaves, olive trees and daily life for the Romans can still be seen in Jerash today.
Grassia was a bustling Roman City, its importance, in part due to the rich soil in the region and its ideal climate for growing fruits and vegetables. In the 3rd century AD, it is estimated that its population boasted 15000 to 20000 inhabitants.
The city is also home to a second temple, the Artemis Temple, two hammams and a second theatre which now has daily shows reenacting some of the Roman entertainment that would have existed in Gerasia.
The North Theatre in Jerash
An earthquake in 747 AD caused the initial decline of the city, and it eventually because deserted for many centuries, with only brief occupation by the crusaders in the 12th century. Despite Jerash's grandeur, it is not UNESCO protected.
This is because the inhabitants of modern-day Jerash have built their homes and their businesses within the ancient city walls and it is impossible to move a whole city out of an ancient Roman site. The current population of Jerash is over 50 000 people.
While the hot Middle East sun beat down on my shoulders as I walked away from the oval forum, I could still imagine the Roman inhabitants of Gerasia filling the streets and the forums of this once bustling city. I am glad that I did not rush to Petra and skip Jerash.
It is well worth a visit and I feel now that I understand so much more about the Roman Empire without yet having visited Rome and competing with the 4 million annual visitors to that city. In comparison, Jerash receives less than 200 000 visitors annually and on some days, like the day I visited, you can have most of the site to yourself.
Despite its location in the Middle East, Jordan is known as a safe destination. You can read more information on Safety in Jordan on my website, Carpe Diem Our Way.
Jerash is located 50 kilometers north of Amman
Wandering the columns at Jerash.
Entrance to Jerash costs JD10 (USD14) and local guides are JD25 (USD 35) If you have a Jordan Pass, entrance is included in the pass
For an additional fee, there is a daily scheduled show lasting about 30 minutes, reenacting a typical Roman performance from the second century. Check on arrival for the cost and showtimes.
A taxi From Amman for the day will cost around USD100-150. You are better off renting a car.
Expect to spend 3-4 hours at the site.
Bring plenty of water, as there is little shade.
Snack Shops and Toilets are available on site.
In the winter and spring months temperatures can be cool, around 10 degrees Celsius and in the summer and early fall, the daily high will likely be 30 degrees Celsius.
Lindsay Nieminen
Lindsay Nieminen hails from Vancouver, Canada but has discovered she loves being a foreigner. Besides freelance writing, she shares her love of travel on her adventurous family travel blog Carpe Diem OUR Way and is passionate about showing others that they should not put off traveling the world just because they have young children or are single parents. She aims to encourage them to seek out adventure, whether it is at home or abroad by providing information on how just about everywhere can be a destination to explore as a family.
Egypt: The Mystery of King Tut
Jordan's Striking Petra: Truly Unforgettable
Oman's Best Hiking Spots
GoNOMAD
If you like the articles we publish, maybe you can be one of our writers too! Make travel plans, then write a story for us! Click here to read our writer's guidelines.
www.gonomad.com
Swathi
August 11, 2018	@ 5:34 am
Hey Nieminen, Thanks for sharing the experience. You have done a great job by posting the pictures, in which I have liked the place of "The North Theatre in Jerash" very much.
August 10, 2018	@ 12:58 am
I have been in Saudi a year ago and visited many places but not Jordan…thanks for the great info…Felt so happy to know great history of Jordan….On my next business visit, Definitely, i would not miss to checkin Jerash. And i suggest to all the travellers who wish to visit Jordan, you can book tickets at better fares by booking at Tajawal.


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text:
Colorado Earns Mixed Grades for Tobacco Control Policies in American Lung Association Report
American Lung Association report reveals best and worst states for tobacco control policies, outlines steps to reduce burden of tobacco in Colorado
DENVER, CO | January 24, 2023
Colorado is one of the states showing improvement in its policies to prevent and reduce tobacco use, according to the American Lung Association's 21st annual "State of Tobacco Control" report, released today. The state earned mixed grades on this year's report.
The "State of Tobacco Control" report evaluates state and federal policies on actions taken to eliminate tobacco use and recommends proven-effective tobacco control laws and policies to save lives. This is critical, as tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease in America and takes the lives of 5,070 Coloradans each year.
"Colorado's progress is thanks in large part to Proposition EE, the ballot measure overwhelmingly approved by voters in 2020 that raises taxes on tobacco products over time. As a result, Colorado's 'State of Tobacco Control' grades for tobacco prevention funding and tobacco taxes improved from 'F' and 'D' last year to 'D' and 'C' this year," said Nick Torres, advocacy director at the American Lung Association in Colorado. "This is important progress, and we should expect to see even more improvement as the law is fully implemented. However, there are still too many Coloradans who are impacted by tobacco use, like the 12% of adults who smoke and the 32% of high school students who use tobacco."
Colorado's Grades
The "State of Tobacco Control" report grades states and the District of Columbia in five areas that have been proven to prevent and reduce tobacco use and save lives. In the 2023 report, Colorado received the following grades:
Funding for State Tobacco Prevention Programs – Grade D
Strength of Smokefree Workplace Laws – Grade B
Level of State Tobacco Taxes – Grade C
Coverage and Access to Services to Quit Tobacco – Grade A
This year's report noted the need for Colorado policymakers to continue work on ending the sale of all flavored tobacco products, especially menthol cigarettes. Colorado missed an important opportunity in this area last year by failing to pass HB 22-1064. According to the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey, more than 2.5 million high school and middle school students use e-cigarettes, and more 85% of those kids use flavored e-cigarettes. In addition, menthol cigarettes continue to be the major cause of tobacco-related death and disease in Black communities, with over 80% of Black Americans who smoke using them. Ending the sale of flavored tobacco products, including menthol, will not only help end youth vaping, but will also help address the disproportionate impact of menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars have on many communities, including Black Americans, LGBTQ+ Americans and youth.
B-Roll is available here:
Smoking: Broll Smoking. American Lung Association.mp4 | Powered by Box
Tobacco Products: Broll TobaccoProducts. American Lung Association.mp4 | Powered by Box
E-Cigarettes: Broll Ecigarettes. American Lung Association.mp4 | Powered by Box
American Lung Association logos are available here: Media | American Lung Association
James A. Martinez