CLEARWATER, Fla. (CBS Local) – A good Samaritan in Florida made this year's Fourth of July celebration unforgettable after returning $1,300 to a man who lost it in a local supermarket.
According to police in Pinellas County, Chris Woods went to a Publix in Clearwater in late June. The shopper reportedly dropped the large sum of cash in the store parking lot while taking his phone out of his pocket.
Although Woods believed the money was gone forever, the Pinellas County Sheriff's Office shared the surveillance images with the public on July 3 in the hopes someone found the cash and was willing to turn it in.
"This morning, my neighbor from across the street came over beating on the door and said, 'Chris you were on the news. They found your money,'" Woods told a local Tampa news station.


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Come Hang Out with US? Kickstarter Launch for Kids Books about Science!
We'll be exhibiting Ion (and Covalence) at the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) conferences in Minneapolis, Portland, and Columbus this month and the next.
Virus is LIVE on Kickstarter & ION on Board Game Geek!!!
Chemistry Books For Kids, Ion Shipping, and The Financial Consequences of our Delays!
Games are now definitely, absolutely, verified with my very own eyes, shipping out NOW!!!
If I told you the truth, you'd think I was lying!
The saga continues. . . More about this is in a second.
All copies of Ion are on their way to the fulfillment centers!!! Finally!
Ion Progress & TWO New Games!
First, we received the first Mass Production Copy (MPC) of Ion from the manufacturer!
I wanted to let everyone that yesterday, I picked up a very valuable package from FedEx... And here's what was inside!
Ion Production Progress and other great news!
Quick update on the production progress for Ion!
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First off, I apologize for my delay in posting this update.
Choose your Stretch Goals and Radioactive Cards Preview!
Add a Copy of ION? More STRETCH GOALS!!!
Many people have been asking about adding additional copies of Ion to their current pledge, so I'll address this first.
Well we have a number of big accomplishments!
Radioactive Card Expansion Stretch Goal!!!
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The bioengineering of cannabis
Genetic modification could enable industrial-scale production of cannabinoids that have pharmaceutical potential.
Elie Dolgin
Elie Dolgin is a science journalist in Somerville, Massachusetts.
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Researchers monitor cannabis propagated using plant tissue-culture techniques at Ebbu in Evergreen, Colorado.Credit: Helen H. Richardson/The Denver Post/Getty
Cannabis is the only plant known to produce tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), but it remains an imperfect vessel for producing the chemical on an industrial scale. The psychoactive substance is normally found only in small outgrowths from the plant known as trichomes, which means that its stalk, stems and leaves are wasted biomass.
Genetic engineering could provide more efficient alternatives. Some researchers and biotechnology companies are aspiring to replace cannabis plants with microorganisms that have been genetically enhanced to spit out THC, the non–psychoactive compound cannabidiol (CBD) and myriad other cannabinoids of pharmaceutical interest. Others are aiming to modify chemical synthesis in the cannabis plant by genetically altering its cells to make the desired molecules from shoot to tip, thereby boosting yield.
Part of Nature Outlook: Cannabis
Either way, the goal is the same: to produce cannabinoids more cheaply, efficiently and reliably than by conventional plant cultivation in greenhouses or farmers' fields. Further benefits of microbial synthesis include the ability to mass-produce rare cannabinoids that are usually present in plants in only trace amounts — or even molecules not found in nature. Transgenic plants can also be engineered for superior resistance to pests and environmental stresses.
Commercial interest in these strategies is picking up. In 2018, for example, Canopy Growth Corporation in Smiths Falls, Canada — the largest legal cannabis company in the world — paid more than US$300 million in cash and shares to acquire Ebbu, a small company in Evergreen, Colorado, that had developed one of the earliest platforms for manipulating the cannabis genome with the gene-editing system CRISPR–Cas9. And in April, Zenabis, a cannabis producer based in Vancouver, Canada, agreed to purchase 36 tonnes of almost-pure, bacterial-made CBD from medical-cannabis company Farmako in Frankfurt, Germany — the first deal of its kind for biosynthetic cannabinoids.
David Kideckel, a cannabis analyst with financial-services company AltaCorp Capital in Toronto, Canada, describes genetic engineering as a "disrupter" that promises to take a centuries-old agricultural practice into the biotechnology era, with the resulting ripples being felt throughout the cannabis sector worldwide. When it comes to producing cannabis extracts, plants could be supplanted by microbes, and a greater range of cannabinoids could become available for use in medical and recreational products.
If that happens, the iconic cannabis leaf would no longer accurately represent where the active ingredients come from. Instead, a stainless steel bioreactor might be more apt.
Cooking up cannabinoids
Part of the appeal of ditching greenhouses for bioreactors boils down to cost. Currently, 1 kilogram of high-quality CBD extracted from plants sells for a wholesale price of more than $5,000. A deal in 2018 between Ginkgo Bioworks, a synthetic-biology company in Boston, Massachusetts, and Cronos Group, a Toronto-based cannabis producer, outlines a plan to manufacture pure CBD and other cannabinoids for less than $1,000 per kg in yeast.
Biomanufacturing also offers a level of consistency that is impossible to replicate in plants, which, like most agricultural commodities, are subjected to the weather, pests and other environmental uncertainties. Laboratory-based production is also better for the environment because less energy is needed to run a bioreactor than to power the grow lights and ventilation fans of an indoor cannabis-growing operation. The water pollution and land destruction that is associated with outdoor cannabis cultivation can also be avoided.
Perhaps the biggest advantage of cooking up cannabinoids in fermenters, however, is the ability to brew copious amounts of lesser-known cannabinoids that are usually found only in trace amounts in cannabis plants.
"People are so focused on the big two — THC and CBD — that we're sort of forgetting that there are potentially other really useful compounds in the plant," says Tony Farina, chief scientific officer at synthetic biology company Librede in Carlsbad, California. "That's the direction for which we should really be using this biosynthesis platform."
Cronos has singled out a few molecules of particular interest. These include cannabichromene, a rare cannabinoid that is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties, and cannabigerol (CBG) — a chemical precursor to THC and CBD with the potential to protect cannabis plants from damage-inducing molecules inside cells. High on the company's list is also an appetite-suppressing variant of THC called tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). This cannabinoid has medical potential in people who are affected by compulsive overeating disorders, and THCV could appeal to recreational users of cannabis who enjoy the drug's intoxicating effects but would rather avoid its hunger-inducing properties.
"It offers the same euphoric effect as THC, but without the munchies," says Cronos chief executive Mike Gorenstein.
At least 18 companies are racing to produce cannabinoids in yeast, bacteria or algae. Although each industry player has a proprietary approach, all are variations on the basic playbook described earlier this year by synthetic biologist Jay Keasling at the University of California, Berkeley (X. Luo et al. Nature 567, 123–126; 2019).
Crystals of purified cannabidiol oil.Credit: Helen H. Richardson/The Denver Post/Getty
Keasling and his colleagues introduced a series of genetic changes into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By tweaking some yeast genes, and inserting others from bacteria and the cannabis plant, the team created an organism capable of carrying out all the chemical reactions that are involved in cannabinoid production. Feeding the yeast a simple sugar generated low amounts of inactive THC or CBD, which can be converted into their active forms by heating.
Because the enzymes in the cannabinoid pathway are "a little sloppy", as Keasling puts it, the team could also introduce fatty acids that the yeast would incorporate into cannabinoids. This spawned variants of THC and CBD that are not found in nature. "We created entirely new molecules that might be better therapeutics," Keasling says.
At the yields reported, however, Keasling's platform is not ready for prime time. Dramatic improvements in both the yeast's efficiency and the fermentation protocol are needed for the biosynthetic approach to be cost-competitive with plant-extracted cannabinoids. Demetrix in Emeryville, California — a company co-founded by Keasling that has secured more than $60 million in funding, making it the best-financed start-up company devoted to lab-based cannabinoid production — is developing the technology further. Demetrix chief executive Jeff Ubersax says that his team has increased the cannabinoid yield by "several orders of magnitude".
But many companies made similar claims to Nature that, without verifiable data, cannot be substantiated. Even if they are true, getting something to work in the lab does not guarantee success in a manufacturing plant, says Stephen Payne, chief executive of Maku Technologies, a start-up in Durham, North Carolina. Maku is focusing on making rare, natural cannabinoids in yeast. "Throughout my time in the synthetic-biology industry, I've seen things work on a small scale that have no chance of reaching industrial levels," Payne says.
Catalysing success
Turning yeast into miniature cannabinoid factories poses considerable challenges. Although Keasling's protocol involves 16 genetic modifications, the overall efficiency of the procedure came down to a single bottleneck.
The log-jam involved an enzyme that is needed for CBG production. Researchers characterized the enzyme, known as a prenyltransferase, around a decade ago in a strain of medical cannabis. Initially, Keasling tried to use that cannabis-derived enzyme in yeast, but it didn't work: the yeast produced no CBG.
After rummaging through gene-expression databases, however, Keasling found an alternative prenyltransferase that was encoded by another variety of cannabis. He introduced this into the yeast and all the pieces fell into place to make CBG and its derivatives.
Some researchers faced the same enzymatic challenge in S. cerevisiae and elected to switch to alternative organisms. Bioengineer Oliver Kayser and his colleagues at the Technical University of Dortmund in Germany turned to a species of yeast called Komagataella phaffii (B. Zirpel et al. J. Biotechnol. 259, 204–212; 2017).
Others have sworn off yeast completely. Vikramaditya Yadav, a chemical engineer at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, has moved to working in bacteria instead. He is collaborating with a Vancouver-based company called InMed Pharmaceuticals to produce cannabinoids in Escherichia coli.
One advantage of bacteria over other cell-based systems, says Yadav, is that they don't attach sugars to the proteins that they produce in the same way as yeast and other organisms with an enclosed nucleus do. Those sugar adornments can limit the activity of enzymes that are crucial to the cannabinoid pathway — at least in K. phaffii, as Kayser's team has shown (B. Zirpel et al. J. Biotechnol. 284, 17–26; 2018) — which leads to lower yields.
Bacteria also naturally secrete the cannabinoids that they produce into the surrounding medium, from which they can be extracted easily. This phenomenon provides speed and cost advantages because it enables continuous manufacturing, whereas organisms that retain their chemical bounty inside cells must be 'cracked' open as part of a batch-production system. Yeast do not typically secrete proteins, but researchers at Librede and elsewhere claim to have engineered this function into the organism.
A further challenge for using either yeast or E. coli is the toxicity of cannabinoids. Such molecules evolved in plants as a defence mechanism against insects, microorganisms and other biological threats. This means that the chemicals that researchers desire are often deadly to the organisms that have been engineered to make them.
At Farmako, which announced in July that its biosynthesis research team would be spun off to form a new biotechnology company, scientists therefore turned to Zymomonas mobilis, a bacterium used in tequila production. According to molecular biologist and Farmako co-founder Patrick Schmitt, who is expected to lead the spin-out company, this microorganism is immune to cannabinoid toxicity — although it's not clear why. Meanwhile, researchers at Renew Biopharma in San Diego, California, are working in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green alga that compartmentalizes its cannabinoid synthesis in chloroplasts. In so doing, the rest of the cell is shielded from the toxic molecules.
As well as the biological advantages, cannabinoid production in an unconventional organism such as an alga makes good business sense because the approach is proprietary, says Michael Mendez, founder and chief executive at Renew Biopharma. "Intellectual property will rule the day in this space," he says. And as Jeremy de Beer, a law professor at the University of Ottawa who has studied cannabis patents, points out: "We're in sort of an intellectual-property gold rush."
Already, the US Patent and Trademark Office has protected Librede's use of yeast to synthesize cannabinoids from sugars. Other patents have followed, including one that was granted to Teewinot Life Sciences in Tampa, Florida, for a bioreactor designed to grow cannabinoid-producing microorganisms. Legal battles might not be far behind (see 'Pot's patent predicament'). "It will not be a surprise at all, as revenues from cannabis sales pick up, that you see similar increases in patent-related enforcement," says Stephen Hash, a patent attorney at Baker Botts in Austin, Texas. "It will go hand in hand."
Pot's patent predicament
Under federal law in the United States, the cultivation of cannabis is strictly prohibited. But that hasn't stopped the growth of the country's cannabis industry, which has been operating in a quasi-legal fashion since individual states began to allow the sale of cannabis for medical and recreational use more than 20 years ago. Nor has it stopped the US Patent and Trademark Office from granting intellectual-property licences for cannabis breeding and production.
One such patent sent shockwaves through the industry. Granted in 2015 to a company called Biotech Institute in Westlake Village, California, it covers a range of cannabis varieties with appreciable levels of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.
The sweeping nature of the patent's claims concerned many cannabis breeders, who feared that it could stifle innovation and biological diversity in the fledgling cannabis sector. They also worried that artisanal marijuana production, which is driven by consumers' needs and tastes, could be supplanted by an age of corporate cannabis.
Other broad patents have followed, as have legal disputes. In 2018, for example, two Colorado-based firms were embroiled in a lawsuit over whether one company's liquid formulation of hemp-derived cannabidiol infringed on the patent claims of the other. It was the first high-profile patent challenge in the sector. The case is ongoing.
The issue in that lawsuit, and in others, is whether the patent is novel — and therefore worthy of protection — or an obvious development in light of prior art. Because of cannabis's long history of hidden cultivation, breeders have not chronicled their varieties in the public sphere. Consequently, patent examiners had little information on which to base decisions on whether cannabis-related technologies are new and non-obvious. That lack of a paper trail also makes it hard to mount a proper challenge to a patent.
Beth Schechter hoped to change that. As executive director of the non-profit organization Open Cannabis Project (OCP), Schechter and her team built a public record of chemical and genetic profiles of hundreds of existing cannabis varieties that were submitted by members of the community. The goal was to provide evidence to show that some patents are obvious and therefore invalid, she says, and "if nothing else, to at least prevent similar patents like those going forward".
But the project might end up having unintended consequences. Although touted as a way to protect the rights of small farmers, it folded in May after a video emerged of OCP co-founder Mowgli Holmes pitching to investors the idea of an in-house breeding programme at Phylos Bioscience, a cannabis-science company in Portland, Oregon, that he co-founded and now leads as chief executive. For many, it confirmed their fears: that OCP was a front for Phylos to amass cannabis data for financial gain.
According to Holmes, Phylos was only seeking to publish data through the OCP, and "None of the customer data had any value to a plant breeding program." Yet the damage was already done.
"Making data public is good because it enlarges the public domain and it speeds up science," Holmes maintains. But in the emergent cannabis industry, secrecy and intellectual property continue to define battle lines.
Rather than trying to force the production of cannabinoids in microorganisms, some companies are sticking with cannabis plants, but using biotechnology tools to give the crop a boost.
Trait Biosciences in Toronto has genetically engineered cannabis to enable it to produce cannabinoids throughout the plant, not just in the trichomes, to increase the yield that each plant provides. The company also added enzymes that made the cannabinoids less toxic and made the usually oily molecules soluble in water.
"That was a side benefit that we soon realized was perhaps as important, if not more important, than the yield boost," says Richard Sayre, Trait's chief science officer. "Now that they're water soluble, we can essentially press the plant just like they do with sugar cane to squeeze the juice out and recover the cannabinoids."
Water solubility also opens up the possibility of creating new kinds of cannabis-infused beverages or edible products. "It's tasteless and odourless, so it can be blended in a variety of applications," Sayre explains.
More from Nature Outlooks
At Ebbu, director of genetic research Robert Roscow has filed patents that cover methods for manipulating cannabinoid synthesis in plants. He uses CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing to delete certain enzymes in the cannabinoid-synthesis pathway that are involved in THC production. This has enabled him to generate cannabis plants that produce only CBD. And by targeting enzymes that are involved in both THC and CBD synthesis, he has produced plants that secrete only CBG.
Some skilled cannabis growers have created plants rich in minor cannabinoids such as CBG or THCV through selective breeding alone, but that can be a laborious and difficult process. "Modification through genetic engineering is probably the most straightforward way to get a desired phenotype," says Igor Kovalchuk, a plant biotechnologist at the University of Lethbridge, Canada, and co-founder of cannabis-genomics company InPlanta Biotechnology, also in Lethbridge.
Genetic engineering is also a powerful tool for probing the function of cannabis genes — information that can then be fed back into a more conventional breeding programme. But beyond the lab, Kovalchuk says, "I don't believe that genetically engineered cannabis has a future for years to come."
One obstacle remains consumers' skittishness about genetically modified crops, which could carry over to a distrust of microorganism-based biosynthesis. "People like their weed, and they will care if their cannabinoids are coming from a genetically modified yeast or a field-grown plant," says Jordan Zager, co-founder and chief executive of Dewey Scientific, a cannabis biotechnology company in Pullman, Washington.
The technological provenance of cannabinoids might not matter as much to the pharmaceutical sector, where consumers tend to be less averse to genetic engineering. But according to Ethan Russo, director of research and development at the International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute in Prague, biochemically derived cannabinoids, even when mixed and matched into therapeutic formulations, will probably never equal the botanical synergy of the hundreds of molecules that are found in cannabis.
The existence of this 'entourage' effect is not universally accepted. But to Russo, "The plant is nature's design for this panoply of chemicals".
Nature 572, S5-S7 (2019)
doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-02525-4
This article is part of Nature Outlook: Cannabis, an editorially independent supplement produced with the financial support of third parties. About this content.
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sprinting. It can also help the brain recover from traumatic injury.
fatigue with creatine administration. A pilot study. Acta Paediatr.


Private providers have been entrusted with much of Britain's infrastructure: even hospitals. What does the future hold now?
Long before the collapse last month of Carillion, one of the government's go-to outsourcing and building groups, the signs of strain inside Whitehall over the future of financing public projects with private cash were clear. Since 2010 the government has signed 80 contracts under the private finance initiative (PFI). In the 13 years before 2010 it signed 620.
The figures are a measure of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown's enthusiasm for shaking up the way public sector bodies financed the building of schools, hospitals and prisons, and the reluctance of the coalition government to keep the programme on anything more than life support.
In 2012, the then chancellor, George Osborne, backed a review of the controversial scheme, and in 2016, Osborne's Tory successor Philip Hammond concluded there was still plenty of mileage in it. He relaunched it as you might a Hollywood film, calling it PF2.
Except that PFI was by then a much-discredited formula. It might have raised £60bn over the years for building schools and hospitals, but the contracts were infamous for allowing businesses such as Carillion, which managed hundreds of public-sector projects as well as vital public services, to make excessive profits. It was a flop.
Only the Department for Transport was keen to embrace the lamely rebadged programme: over the coming months it expects to put together deals to fund a re-routing of the A303 that runs past Stonehenge and the Lower Thames crossing in Essex.
That's not to say contracting out and public-private partnerships have bitten the dust. They are still very much in the government's thinking as ministers wrestle with another 10 years of tough spending reviews.
The private finance initiative began life in the early 1990s under the Major administration, which was emerging from a deep recession and wanted to use the flood of money pouring into the City to fund public sector projects.
Tory councils were already outsourcing bin collections and catering contracts to the private sector. PFI was an extension that involved shifting the risk of cost overruns and delays on building projects to the private sector in return for guaranteed payments over the lifetime of a contract, which could run for 30 years.
In part, this was to end a decades-long period during which Whitehall's sparse capital budgets – always the subject of Treasury whims – made it difficult for new hospitals and roads to get approval (and made them subject to interference when they did).
It wasn't until the Blair government gained power that the accountancy profession found a form of words that allowed the capital used for a project to go on the private sector's balance sheet. This was the green light for everything from Isle of Wight ferries to new hospitals to be financed and operated by the private sector.
The Norfolk and Norwich University hospital quickly became the most egregious example of PFI controversy after officials signed a deal in 2001 that was set to run until 2037 and net the winning bidders £1bn – nearly five times the £229m cost of building the hospital.
Last year the Eastern Daily Press reported that the hospital had a £25m deficit after paying a consortium £22m to operate the site and £17.6m in interest payments. Last week the deficit had climbed to £27.3m.
Allyson Pollock, the Newcastle University health expert and campaigner, says the health service has been forced to close hospitals and thousands of beds as PFI deals have sucked the life out of NHS finances.
She warns that while the PFI might be out of favour, health minister Jeremy Hunt and NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens are busy importing new strategies for bringing private finance into the health service that reflect Stevens's time in the US.
Just as Andrew Lansley, Hunt's predecessor, pressed ahead without a mandate from the 2010 election to expand the use of private providers, she says Hunt is busy creating a new type of health provision without the parliamentary approval he needs.
She is one of several health campaigners behind demands for a judicial review of the new integrated care bodies known as Accountable Care Organisations (ACOs), which she says will actually be unaccountable and more able than previous NHS organisations to cherry-pick services and hand them over to the private sector.
Health service thinktank the Kings Fund has backed Hunt's efforts to integrate social care, GP services and hospitals, and dismisses concerns that private firms will make inroads. Its chief executive, Chris Ham, says that, for example, the decision of private health company Circle to hand back its contract in Cambridgeshire shows how tough providing integrated services can be.
Opinion is divided among insiders about the legacy left by PFI. Plenty of hospital directors struggling to make ends meet still support the private financing and maintenance of their building. Without it, they say, there wouldn't be a shiny, state-of-the-art facility in the first place.
PPP is a financial invention promoted as a win-win: the companies get lots of lucrative contracts to build stuff for the state; while the government gets new infrastructure more quickly and without the financial risk – private firms bid for the work and the market ensures taxpayer value.
Why do companies keep bidding?
The answer probably lies in the structure of major PPP construction deals, because they hand the contract winner a large chunk of cash upfront. Work on construction can then begin, while contractors such as Carillion may not need to start paying subcontractors for another 120 days. During those four months, much of the upfront payment might be used to pay other debts within the business, meaning doing these deals can create situations where firms have to keep winning new contracts just to keep going.
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn favours bringing public sector contracts in-house and having traditional contracts with building companies to tackle infrastructure projects.
Travers says seven years of budget cuts inside central and local government have taken their toll, with many projects tripped up when the government drives too hard a bargain.
"You can see it in the pressure to drive down contract prices and how this leads to underbidding, and how that has exposed builders like Carillion to insolvency," he says.
Carillion found itself millions of pounds in the red after it discovered the ground under a road it was building near Aberdeen was unsafe and it was forced to bear the cost of shoring it up. Other discoveries – like cracks in concrete at the Royal Liverpool University hospital it was building – created more financial pressure.
In response to the firm's collapse, and news that another major contractor, Capita, is struggling, Labour MP Louise Haigh has called for all future contracts to be subject to freedom of information requests.
Now run by Winston Churchill's grandson Rupert Soames, Serco is trying to battle back to health after a string of profit warnings. Its troubles began in 2013, when it was temporarily barred from state contracts after overcharging the government for electronic tagging of prisoners, some of whom were either dead or did not exist. The Paradise Papers revealed recently that it was considered "high risk" by offshore law firm Appleby due to multiple controversies. It now runs services ranging from the London bicycle scheme to the Yarl's Wood detention centre, and state contracts make up about £750m of its £3bn turnover. Profits fell last year but it reported a series of contract wins.
The government insisted this month that Interserve would not be the next Carillion after it emerged the Cabinet Office was monitoring the company. But its shares are still sliding. Interserve is a major supplier in a range of areas including health, education and defence, but state contracts only make up 11% of its revenue. It issued two profit warnings last autumn, after it ran into difficulty on a number of waste-to-energy contracts.
Mitie's government contracts include an immigration detention centre at Heathrow, social housing services and repairs to the roof at the Palace of Westminster. About 25% of its revenue comes from government. Investigations into its 2015 financial statements are under way, with the latest inquiry announced in November. The company had issued a series of profit warnings, dragged down by rising labour costs and the fallout from taking low-margin contracts. It is currently in the midst of a restructuring plan.
G4S is in better shape than most rivals. Like Serco, it was barred from government contracts in 2013 for overcharging and was also damaged by its failure to provide enough security guards for the 2012 Olympics. But a turnaround and restructuring plan have improved its fortunes and profits jumped 14% last year. Its share price has been largely unaffected by any read-across from Carillion that many stock market investors are applying to the sector – possibly because contracts with the cash-strapped public sector make up just 5% of its £7.5bn revenue.
A joint venture partner with Carillion on the HS2 rail link, Kier has had to take on half of its former partner's share of the contract, including staff. UK public sector work accounts for around half of its £4bn turnover, including contracting work on Crossrail, which has suffered safety failings, and running hospital and local authority services. Like G4S, it is doing better than many government contractors, reporting profits up 8% last year. It has 19,000 UK employees and net debt of £110m.
Britain's biggest construction firm had three joint ventures with Carillion, and will take a hit of up to £45m as a result, mostly related to the £550m Aberdeen bypass. It had a dark two years starting in 2014 when its shares fell 75% amid multiple profit warnings, but it swung back to profit last year after a turnaround plan took effect. It also works for Network Rail, HS2 and Highways England, and has 16,000 UK employees.


text:
More in About the Dean
Pedro A. Noguera is the Emery Stoops and Joyce King Stoops Dean of the USC Rossier School of Education.
A sociologist, Pedro A. Noguera's research focuses on the ways in which schools are influenced by social and economic conditions, as well as by demographic trends in local, regional and global contexts. He is the author, co-author and editor of 15 books. His most recent books are A Search for Common Ground: Conversations About the Toughest Questions in K–12 Education (Teachers College Press) with Rick Hess and City Schools and the American Dream: The Enduring Promise of Public Education (Teachers College Press) with Esa Syeed.
He has published over 250 research articles in academic journals, book chapters in edited volumes, research reports and editorials in major newspapers. He serves on the boards of numerous national and local organizations, including the Economic Policy Institute, the National Equity Project and The Nation. Noguera appears as a regular commentator on educational issues on several national media outlets, and his editorials on educational issues have appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Dallas Morning News and Los Angeles Times.
Prior to being appointed Dean of the USC Rossier School of Education, Noguera served as a Distinguished Professor of Education at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. Before joining the faculty at UCLA he served as a tenured professor and holder of endowed chairs at New York University (2004–2015), Harvard University (2000–2003) and the University of California, Berkeley (1990–2000).
Noguera was recently appointed to serve as a special advisor to the governor of New Mexico on education policy. He also advises the state departments of education in Washington, Oregon and Nevada. From 2009–2012 he served as a trustee for the State University of New York as an appointee of the governor. In 2014 he was elected to the National Academy of Education and Phi Delta Kappa honor society, and in 2020 Noguera was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Noguera has received seven honorary doctorates from American universities, and he recently received awards from the Center for the Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, from the National Association of Secondary School Principals and from the McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy and Research at NYU for his research and advocacy efforts aimed at fighting poverty.


Very much a collaborative effort, directors Kenneth Branagh and Joss Whedon engage the writing skills of Ashley Miller, Zack Stentz and Don Payne to adapt the story written by J. Michael Straczynski and Mark Protosevich based on the comic books by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Jack Kirby. The combined skills of these artists give us a feast of visual, moral and political fare.
The title role of this Norse God of Thunder is played by Chris Hernsworth. The first-born and heir to the throne, Thor is the handsome son of King Odin (Anthony Hopkins). His younger brother, Prince Loki (Tom Hiddleston) is known for his silver tongue and magical arts, while Thor's strength and warrior spirit is expressed through a weapon of unequaled power, a hammer named Mjoinir.
The uneasy peace of the nine realms connected by a magical-scientific bridge is breached when a clandestine attack against Asgard implies a traitorous presence within the realm. Such treachery fuels Thor's warrior desires, so he defies his father's will and starts a war. This causes him to be banished to earth without his powers but with the promise to regain them if he learns wisdom and love. We won't share more except to note that Jane Foster (Natalie Portman) finds Thor when he arrives on earth and their mutual attraction begins.
The moral and political lessons are presented on a larger-than-life scale as pride and humility, loyalty and betrayal, courage and vengeance, genocide and compassion are all woven together in a tapestry of moral messages. The cinematic style is a feast of both mythical symbols and science fiction allusions presented in a comic-book style of simplicity that makes this film a wonderful adventure into Norse mythology. As it sets us up for sequels, we look forward to the next chapters in this tale.
1. If you experienced sibling rivalry, what was the impact on you and your family? If you were King Odin, how would you have raised his sons differently?
2. The genocidal rage that Loki expresses has been seen throughout history. Why do you think people turn so completely against a particular race of people?
3. The governmental agents led by Agent Coulson (Clark Gregg) are not shown to be the villains of this film, but the question is raised. Did you appreciate the respect shown the government or did you see them as being disrespected? Why do you answer as you do?
Posted on November 25, 2013 by Cinema In Focus and filed under 3 STARS, WHOLESOME and tagged 3 STARS WHOLESOME 2011 PG-13 RATED ACTION ADVENTURE FANTASY STAN LEE COMICS AVENGERS.


ABA tutor required for my son(2) from 28th november til 28th may 2013 for his ten hours home tuition allocation and from 28th may til end of june for 20 hours per week. i am looking for someone to work from 9.30/10am...mornings really only suit my family thanks!!


text:
HomeNews68-year-old shoots 22-year-old after finding him in bed with his Wife
68-year-old shoots 22-year-old after finding him in bed with his Wife
October 21, 2013 ADI Staff Reporter
Stephen Trevor Chapman
On Saturday, October 19, 2013, at 1 a.m., the Pinal County Sheriff's Office received a 9-1-1 call from an elderly gentleman who reported a shooting at his residence in the 38000 block of South Apache Peak Drive, Saddlebrooke.
When deputies arrived on the scene, they spoke with the reporting party who was a 68-year-old man. The man told deputies he fell asleep in the main house, and when he woke up, his wife was not in bed. He went to their casita (small guest house) where he found his wife (age 63) in bed with Trevor Chapman (age 22) of Tucson.
The reporting party has Parkinson's disease, uses a cane and sometimes a walker to get around. The man used his cane to "poke" at Chapman to wake him up and to tell him to get out of his house. Chapman became verbally abusive towards the man and began to yell profanities. Chapman refused to leave the residence despite being told to. The man told Chapman he was going to call the Sheriff for help. As the man was going to get his phone and gun for protection, Chapman came charging towards him in a threatening manner. The elderly man feared for his safety and fired a "warning shot" at Chapman with a .410 handgun/shotgun. The round struck a nearby wall and Chapman received a minor injury.
Sheriff Paul Babeu said, "This was an unusual call for our deputies in an active senior community. Clearly, this young man should have heeded the warnings of the home owner to leave his residence and to stop sleeping with his wife. The young man is lucky that he only got poked with a cane and hit with a stray pellet from the shotgun."
Chapman refused medical treatment for his hand. Chapman was booked into the Pinal County Jail for one count of Disorderly Conduct. The case will be submitted to the Pinal County Attorney's Office for review of other possible charges at the conclusion of the investigation.
Fight for A-10 is just beginning
Rosemont and the Cuckoo scam


text:
Q: How to get Documents Id ? Firestore Paginate I am using Firebase Firestore Database, I am trying to load data using dual query for pagination recyclerver data, using this Stackoverflow ans link
My code is for recycerview to load data
private void getNewFireData() {
        final int limit = 3;
        final int mmcurrentItem;
        final int totalItem;
        final int ScrolledItem;
        mRecyclerView = rootView.findViewById(R.id.rv_post_list);
        final LinearLayoutManager mManeger=new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
        mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mManeger);
        final List<Posts> list = new ArrayList<>();
        final boolean[] isScrolling = {false};
        final boolean[] isLastItemReached = {false};
        final DocumentSnapshot lastVisible ;

        FirebaseFirestore rootRef = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance();
        final CollectionReference postRef = rootRef.collection("posts");
        Query query = postRef.orderBy("datetime",
                Query.Direction.DESCENDING).limit(limit);
        query.get().addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> task) {

                if(task.isSuccessful()){

                    final DocumentSnapshot[] lastVisible = {task.getResult().getDocuments().get(task.getResult().size() - 1)};

                    for (DocumentSnapshot document : task.getResult()) {
                        Posts postModel = document.toObject(Posts.class);
                        list.add(postModel);

                    }
                    final Task<QuerySnapshot>[] mSnapy = new Task[]{task};
                    final NewPostAdapter mNewPostAdapter = new NewPostAdapter(list,getActivity()
                            , mSnapy[0]);

                    mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mNewPostAdapter);

                    mRecyclerView.addOnScrollListener(new RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onScrollStateChanged(@NonNull RecyclerView recyclerView, int newState) {
                            super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState);
                            if(newState==AbsListView.OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_TOUCH_SCROLL){

                                isScrolling[0] =true;
                            }
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void onScrolled(@NonNull RecyclerView recyclerView, int dx, int dy) {
                            super.onScrolled(recyclerView, dx, dy);

                            LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = ((LinearLayoutManager) recyclerView.getLayoutManager());
                            int firstVisibleItemPosition = linearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition();
                            int visibleItemCount = linearLayoutManager.getChildCount();
                            int totalItemCount = linearLayoutManager.getItemCount();

                            if (isScrolling[0] && (firstVisibleItemPosition + visibleItemCount == totalItemCount) && !isLastItemReached[0]) {
                                isScrolling[0] = false;
                                Query nextQuery = postRef.orderBy("datetime", Query.Direction.DESCENDING).startAfter(lastVisible[0]).limit(limit);
                                nextQuery.get().addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
                                    @Override
                                    public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> t) {
                                        if (t.isSuccessful()) {
                                            for (DocumentSnapshot d : t.getResult()) {
                                                Posts productModel = d.toObject(Posts.class);
                                                list.add(productModel);
                                                mSnapy[0] =t;

                                            }

                                            mNewPostAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                                            lastVisible[0] = t.getResult().getDocuments().get(t.getResult().size() - 1);

                                            if (t.getResult().size() < limit) {
                                                isLastItemReached[0] = true;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                });
                            }

                        }
                    });

                }

            }
        });

    }

and view holder and  adapter class is
public class NewPostAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<NewPostAdapter.NewPostHolder> {
    private List<Posts> list;
    Context context;
    Task<QuerySnapshot> task;
    public NewPostAdapter(List<Posts> list, Context context, Task<QuerySnapshot> task) {
        this.list = list;
        this.context=context;
        this.task=task;
    }
@NonNull
@Override
public NewPostHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
    View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.custum_home_post, parent, false);
    return new NewPostHolder(view);
}

@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull final NewPostHolder mHolder, final int position) {

    mHolder.tvSendername.setText(list.get(position).getSendername());
    mHolder.tvPostText.setText(list.get(position).getPosttext());
    mHolder.tvServiceType.setText(list.get(position).getServicetype());
    String datetime = list.get(position).getDatetime();
    MyDateTime myDateTime = new MyDateTime();
    String converteddatetime = myDateTime.getSaveTime(datetime);
    mHolder.tvDatetime.setText(converteddatetime);

    SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences("DholkaAppPref", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    String mUserid = prefs.getString("userid", "Couldn't load userid");

     final String postid=task.getResult().getDocuments().get(position).getId();

  if (mUserid.equalsIgnoreCase("LNvc0acRiaPioaKVnXasjkjEeYE2")) {
        if (list.get(position).getVerified().equalsIgnoreCase("no")) {
            mHolder.llPostAproval.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            mHolder.btPostApprove.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {

                    if (list.get(position).getVerified().equalsIgnoreCase("no")) {
                        PostApproval approval = new PostApproval(context, postid);
                    }
                }
            });
            mHolder.btPostDelete.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {

                    String imagename = list.get(position).getPhotourl();
                    if (imagename.equalsIgnoreCase("nourl")) {
                        DocumentReference mPostref = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance().collection("posts").
                                document(postid);
                        mPostref.delete();
                    } else {
                        StorageReference mStorageref = FirebaseStorage.getInstance().getReferenceFromUrl(imagename);
                        mStorageref.delete();
                        DocumentReference mPostref = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance().collection("posts").
                                document(postid);
                        mPostref.delete();
                    }
                }
            });
        } else {
            mHolder.llPostAproval.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            mHolder.cardHome.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }
    } else {
        mHolder.llPostAproval.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }
    if (mUserid.equalsIgnoreCase("LNvc0acRiaPioaKVnXasjkjEeYE2")) {

        mHolder.cardHome.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        mHolder.cardHome.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onLongClick(View v) {

                final AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
                AlertDialog dialog;
                builder.setMessage(R.string.dialog_delete_post)
                        .setPositiveButton(R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                                // FIRE ZE MISSILES!
                                String imagename = list.get(position).getPhotourl();
                                if (imagename.equalsIgnoreCase("nourl")) {
                                    DocumentReference mPostref = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance().collection("posts").
                                            document(postid);
                                    mPostref.delete();
                                } else {
                                    StorageReference mStorageref = FirebaseStorage.getInstance().getReferenceFromUrl(imagename);
                                    mStorageref.delete();
                                    DocumentReference mPostref = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance().collection("posts").
                                            document(postid);
                                    mPostref.delete();
                                }
                            }
                        })
                        .setNegativeButton(R.string.no, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                            }
                        });
                dialog = builder.create();
                dialog.show();

                return false;
            }
        });
    } else {
        if (list.get(position).getVerified().equalsIgnoreCase("yes")) {
            mHolder.cardHome.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        } else {
            mHolder.cardHome.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        }
    }
    String text = list.get(position).getPosttext();
    if (text.length() > 150) {
        text = text.substring(0, 150) + "...";
        mHolder.tvPostText.setText(Html.fromHtml(text + " Read More"));
        mHolder.tvPostText.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                mHolder.tvPostText.setText(list.get(position).getPosttext());

            }
        });
    } else {
        mHolder.tvPostText.setText(list.get(position).getPosttext());
    }
    mHolder.tvTotalLike.setText("Likes : " + list.get(position).getTotal_like());
    mHolder.tvTotalComments.setText("Comments : " + list.get(position).getTotal_comment());

    final String photourl = list.get(position).getPhotourl();
    if (photourl.equalsIgnoreCase("nourl")) {
        mHolder.ivPostphoto.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    } else {
        mHolder.ivPostphoto.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        FirebaseStorage fs = FirebaseStorage.getInstance();
        fs.getReferenceFromUrl(photourl);
        StorageReference mImageRef = fs.getReference();
        String ssss = fs.getReferenceFromUrl(photourl).getName();
        mImageRef.child("post_photos/" + ssss).getDownloadUrl()
                .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Uri>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onSuccess(Uri uri) {
                        mHolder.postImageUri = uri;
                           /* Picasso.with(holder.ivPostphoto.getContext()).
                                    load(uri).
                                    placeholder(R.drawable.ic_image_black_24dp).
                                    into(holder.ivPostphoto);*/
                       /* float thumb=0;
                        Glide.with(context).asBitmap()
                                .load(uri)
                                .thumbnail(thumb)
                                .into(mHolder.ivPostphoto);*/
                        Picasso.with(context).load(uri).fit().centerCrop()
                                .placeholder(R.drawable.ic_image_black_24dp)
                                .error(R.drawable.ic_image_black_24dp)
                                .into(mHolder.ivPostphoto);
                        //ivPostphoto.setImageURI(uri);

                    }
                }).addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
            }
        });
    }

    final String senderId = list.get(position).getSenderid();
    StorageReference mProfileRef =
            FirebaseStorage.getInstance().getReference();
    mProfileRef.child("profile_pic/" + senderId + ".jpg").getDownloadUrl()
            .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Uri>() {
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(Uri uri) {
                    //   Picasso.with(context).load(uri).into(holder.ivSenderphoto);

                    Picasso.with(context).load(uri).fit().centerCrop()
                            .placeholder(R.drawable.ic_account_circle_black_24dp)
                            .error(R.drawable.ic_account_circle_black_24dp)
                            .into(mHolder.ivSenderphoto);

                }
            }).addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
        @Override
        public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
            Picasso.with(context).load(R.drawable.ic_account_circle_black_24dp).fit().centerCrop()
                    .placeholder(R.drawable.ic_account_circle_black_24dp)
                    .error(R.drawable.ic_account_circle_black_24dp)
                    .into(mHolder.ivSenderphoto);
        }
    });
}

@Override
public int getItemCount() {
    return list.size();
}

public class NewPostHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

    TextView tvSendername,tvDatetime,tvServiceType,tvPostText,tvTotalLike,tvTotalComments;
    ImageView ivSenderphoto;
    PhotoView ivPostphoto;
    ImageButton ibLike,ibComments,ibShare, ibCall, ibMap;
    LinearLayout llPostAproval;
    Button btPostApprove,btPostDelete;
    CardView cardHome;
    Uri postImageUri;
    View rootView;
    RelativeLayout rlPosts;
    View view;
    NewPostHolder(View itemView) {
        super(itemView);
        view = itemView;
        tvSendername=(TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_poster_username);
        tvDatetime=(TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_poster_datetime);
        tvServiceType=(TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_poster_servicetype);
        tvPostText=(TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_poster_text);
        tvTotalLike=(TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_poster_total_likes);
        tvTotalComments=(TextView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_poster_total_comments);
        ivSenderphoto=(ImageView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.iv_poster_photo);
        ivPostphoto=(PhotoView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.iv_poster_images);
        ibLike=(ImageButton)itemView.findViewById(R.id.ib_poster_like);
        ibComments=(ImageButton)itemView.findViewById(R.id.ib_poster_comments);
        ibShare=(ImageButton)itemView.findViewById(R.id.ib_poster_share);
        ibCall=(ImageButton)itemView.findViewById(R.id.ib_poster_call);
        ibMap=(ImageButton)itemView.findViewById(R.id.ib_poster_map);
        llPostAproval=(LinearLayout)itemView.findViewById(R.id.linearPosterApproval);
        btPostApprove=(Button)itemView.findViewById(R.id.bt_poster_approve);
        btPostDelete=(Button)itemView.findViewById(R.id.bt_poster_delete);
        cardHome=(CardView)itemView.findViewById(R.id.card_home_post);
        rlPosts=(RelativeLayout)itemView.findViewById(R.id.rl_home_posts);
        tvPostText.setTextIsSelectable(true);
    }

}

}
Now, my questions and i am getting difficulty to get Document Id after first three id(three id is my limit), after getting first three documents error is displayed belows. so kindly please help me about this to get next query documents id. hope you understands. thank you for your all help
Error :
2020-02-15 16:56:56.138 22675-22675/app.burhani.dholkaapp E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: app.burhani.dholkaapp, PID: 22675
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 3, Size: 3
    at java.util.ArrayList.get(ArrayList.java:437)
    at app.burhani.dholkaapp.newadapter.NewPostAdapter.onBindViewHolder(NewPostAdapter.java:81)
    at app.burhani.dholkaapp.newadapter.NewPostAdapter.onBindViewHolder(NewPostAdapter.java:47)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Adapter.onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.java:7056)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Adapter.bindViewHolder(RecyclerView.java:7098)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.tryBindViewHolderByDeadline(RecyclerView.java:6010)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(RecyclerView.java:6277)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.getViewForPosition(RecyclerView.java:6116)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.getViewForPosition(RecyclerView.java:6112)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager$LayoutState.next(LinearLayoutManager.java:2303)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager.layoutChunk(LinearLayoutManager.java:1627)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager.fill(LinearLayoutManager.java:1587)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager.scrollBy(LinearLayoutManager.java:1391)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager.scrollVerticallyBy(LinearLayoutManager.java:1128)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView.scrollStep(RecyclerView.java:1841)
    at androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView$ViewFlinger.run(RecyclerView.java:5300)
    at android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java:1163)
    at android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java:986)
    at android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java:894)
    at android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java:1148)
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7682)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:516)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:950)

A: It could be because you are sending the position and you that gives you the error, try to send final String postid=task.getResult().getDocuments().get(position-1).getId(); and see if you are getting the object that you want.Let me know it that works for you

A: finally i solved error. the error is size of next query querysnapshot size. i use new List for saving document ids using this method on both side in first query and next quesry
           for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : t.getResult()) {
                                                listId.add(document.getId());
                                            }

and in on Adapter get id using listId with position.
final query code is
        Task<QuerySnapshot> mSnapy;
    boolean isScrolling = false;
    boolean isLastItemReached = false;
    DocumentSnapshot lastVisible;
    NewPostAdapter mNewPostAdapter;

    private void getNewFireData() {

        final int limit = 3;
        mRecyclerView = rootView.findViewById(R.id.rv_post_list);
        final LinearLayoutManager mManeger=new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
        mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mManeger);
        mRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true);

        mRecyclerView.invalidate();
        final List<Posts> list = new ArrayList<>();
        final List<String> listId=new ArrayList<>();

        FirebaseFirestore rootRef = FirebaseFirestore.getInstance();
        final CollectionReference postRef = rootRef.collection("posts");
        Query query = postRef.orderBy("datetime",
                Query.Direction.DESCENDING).limit(limit);
        query.get().addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> task) {

                if(task.isSuccessful()){

                    lastVisible = task.getResult().getDocuments().get(task.getResult().size() - 1);

                    for (DocumentSnapshot document : task.getResult()) {
                        Posts postModel = document.toObject(Posts.class);
                        list.add(postModel);
                    }
                    for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : task.getResult()) {
                        listId.add(document.getId());
                    }
                    mSnapy=task;
                    mNewPostAdapter = new NewPostAdapter(list,getActivity()
                            , mSnapy,listId,myContext);

                    mRecyclerView.addOnScrollListener(new RecyclerView.OnScrollListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onScrollStateChanged(@NonNull RecyclerView recyclerView, int newState) {
                            super.onScrollStateChanged(recyclerView, newState);
                            if(newState==AbsListView.OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_TOUCH_SCROLL){

                                isScrolling =true;
                            }
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void onScrolled(@NonNull RecyclerView recyclerView, int dx, int dy) {
                            super.onScrolled(recyclerView, dx, dy);

                            LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = ((LinearLayoutManager) recyclerView.getLayoutManager());
                            int firstVisibleItemPosition = linearLayoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition();
                            int visibleItemCount = linearLayoutManager.getChildCount();
                            int totalItemCount = linearLayoutManager.getItemCount();

                            if (isScrolling && (firstVisibleItemPosition + visibleItemCount ==
                                    totalItemCount) && !isLastItemReached) {
                                isScrolling = false;
                                Query nextQuery = postRef.orderBy("datetime",
                                        Query.Direction.DESCENDING).startAfter(lastVisible).limit(limit);
                                nextQuery.get().addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
                                    @Override
                                    public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> t) {
                                        if (t.isSuccessful()) {
                                            for (DocumentSnapshot d : t.getResult()) {
                                                Posts productModel = d.toObject(Posts.class);
                                                list.add(productModel);

                                            }
                                            for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : t.getResult()) {
                                                listId.add(document.getId());
                                            }
                                            mSnapy = t;
                                            System.out.println("Task Data "+mSnapy.getResult().getDocuments());
                                            mNewPostAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

                                            lastVisible = t.getResult().getDocuments().get(t.getResult().size() - 1);

                                            if (t.getResult().size() < limit) {
                                                isLastItemReached = true;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                });
                            }

                        }
                    });

          //          mNewPostAdapter.setHasStableIds(true);

                    mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mNewPostAdapter);

                }

            }
        });

    }

A: I found another answer that code is below  Just create a new obejct on Modal Post.class dodId and use it like below
                    for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : task.getResult()) {
                        Posts modal=document.toObject(Posts.class);
                        modal.setDoc_id(document.getId());
                        list.add(modal);
                    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
How building design impacts wellbeing & the spa experience
May 3, 2022 Spa Executive Articles, Features, News
Design for health and wellbeing is a burgeoning field of research and study. Here's how building design impacts wellbeing & the spa experience.
The built environment of a hotel, spa, or wellness business will have a big impact on people's experience in that building and even a direct impact on their health and wellbeing. The architects and designers creating these spaces have much to take into account, going beyond the simple safety and practicality of a structure and into its potential impact on our breath, sleep, stress levels, mood, and more.
Design for health and wellbeing is, in fact, a burgeoning field of research and study, interest in which is said to be growing since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We have been spending more time thinking about the design of our living environments, but also about our work, play, healthcare and vacation environments. When and why should we leave the safety of our homes for another building and what will be the impact when we do?
The growing interest in wellness-focused design
From office spaces and schools, to retail spaces, restaurants, hotels, resorts, and spas, how the people inside those spaces feel can have a make-or-break impact on the successful realization of their intended purpose.
Research indicates that wellness-focused design may contribute to increases in employee productivity, morale, teamwork, and retention. In hospital and healthcare settings, architects and stakeholders are coming together to incorporate principles of social design into the built environment in a bid to improve patient outcomes.
The design of your spa will impact the guest experience and the results of your service offerings. Air quality, noise filtering and acoustics, lighting, and the sounds and colors that you incorporate will have an impact on how people feel in that space.
Design influenced by a rich history can add an experience and enhance the journey. Working with the lines and story of an existing space will inform and influence the story of how a guest feels in that space.
For example, Bathhouse, in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, is located in a transformed 1930s soda factory. The space, designed by Manhattan firm Verona Carpenter Architects, houses a restaurant and subterranean spa influenced by Scandinavian saunas, Turkish hammams, and Russian banyas.
Bathhouse has been lauded for its unique design that stays true to the building's heritage. Dezeen reported that the 600-square-metre underground spa features original brickwork, geometric matte-black tiles, and a custom tile mural by illustrator Amit Greenberg depicting an Ancient Roman-inspired bathing scene.
Bathhouse underground spa features original brickwork, geometric matte-black tiles, and a custom tile mural by illustrator Amit Greenberg depicting an Ancient Roman-inspired bathing scene.
And, let's not forget how things smell. What people smell in your space is of the utmost importance. Interestingly, new research suggests that vanilla is the most loved smell in the world.
Incorporating natural elements into design, including plants and water features may have a positive impact, as exposure to nature is said to enhance wellbeing and health outcomes.
More aspects of wellness design include whether furniture is actually comfortable, rather than simply nice to look at, and places for social gathering, as people have always craved community.
Spas should be welcoming and relaxing environments, while fitness areas must not be too sleepy, but rather, lend themselves to motivation. It's a lot to think about.
The built environment and interior design of your spa affects your team too
And your guests are not the only people to consider. You want your staff to feel comfortable, at ease, motivated to provide the best service, and you want them to be happy when they come to work. The spaces where they rest, rejuvenate, and eat, should be among the top concerns. Comfortable seating and appropriate lighting matter. Your team members also need windows and plants, where possible.
Blurring the lines between indoors and outdoors is among the best strategies, so people can sit in the sun and breathe fresh air whenever possible, and another increasingly popular design strategy.
Bill Bensley's designs are excellent examples of this. Among them are the Khmer Tonic Spa at the stunning Shinta Mani Wild in Cambodia, which is just two treatment rooms nestled amid giant natural rocks in the forest canopy.
The Khmer Tonic Spa at Shinta Mani Wild blurs lines between indoors and out
Though most spa directors and managers are unlikely to be designing a spa themselves, an understanding of wellness design principles employed in your space will help you optimize their efficacy. Take note of the elements that create and contribute to particular experiences and positive spaces – a smell, a color, a soft fabric, and the light coming through a particular window – to enhance a tranquil or memorable moment.
Spa Executive is published by Book4Time, the leader in guest management, revenue and mobile solutions for the most exclusive spas, hotels, and resorts around the globe. Learn more at book4time.com
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text:
April 4, 1974 • Volume 21, Number 5
P.B. Medawar
How to Be Your Own Worst Enemy
Type A Behavior and Your Heart by Meyer Friedman MD and Ray H. Rosenman MD
Christopher Ricks
Gigantist
The Eye of the Storm by Patrick White
A Country Dying on Its Feet
The Trouble With Harry (and Henry)
The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry A. Wallace 1942-1946 edited by John Morton Blum
Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman by Merle Miller
D.J. Enright
Child of Europe
Selected Poems by Czeslaw Milosz. With an introduction by Kenneth Rexroth.
Emma Rothschild
Concocting the Next "Crisis"
Edmund R. Leach
Anthropology Upside Down
Reinventing Anthropology edited by Dell Hymes
Ellen Moers
Female Gothic: Monsters, Goblins, Freaks
E.J. Hobsbawm
The Great Gramsci
Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci edited and translated by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith
Letters from Prison by Antonio Gramsci, selected, translated, and introduced by Lynne Lawner
In Praise of Darkness by Jorges Luis Borges, translated by Norman Thomas di Giovanni
Lost Chance in China: The World War II Despatches of John S. Service edited by Joseph W. Esherick
The Fearful Void by Geoffrey Moorhouse
Bright Eyes: The Story of Susette La Flesche, an Omaha Indian by Dorothy Clarke Wilson
Confessions of a Bird Watcher by Roger Barton
Emir Rodriguez-Monegal
Suppression in Uruguay
Mauricio Schoijet
David Finn
V.E. Kelly
Claude Gruen,
Ralph Nader,
Mark Green
Maurice Zeitlin
Rescuing Chileans
Melvin Richter
D.J. Enright (1920–2002) was a British poet, novelist and critic. He held teaching positions in Egypt, Japan, Thailand, Singapore and the United Kingdom. In 1981 Enright was awarded the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry.
E. J. Hobsbawm (1917–2012) was a British historian. Born in Egypt, he was educated at Cambridge; he taught at Birkbeck College and The New School. His works include The Age of Extremes; Globalisation, Democracy and Terrorism; and On Empire.
Murray Kempton (1917-1997) was a columnist for Newsday, as well as a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books. His books include Rebellions, Perversities, and Main Events and The Briar Patch, as well as Part of Our Time. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1985.
Edmund R. Leach (1910–1989) was a British anthropologist. He is widely credited with introducing Anglophone readers to the work of Claude Lévi-Strauss. Leach served as provost of King's College, Cambridge from 1966 until 1979; he was made a Fellow of the British Academy in 1972 and knighted in 1975. A two-volume selection of his writings, The Essential Edmund Leach, was published by Yale University Press in 2001.
Mary McCarthy (1912-1989) was a novelist, essayist, and critic. Her political and social commentary, literary essays, and drama criticism appeared in magazines such as Partisan Review, The New Yorker, Harper's, and The New York Review of Books, and were collected in On the Contrary (1961), Mary McCarthy's Theatre Chronicles 1937-1962 (1963), The Writing on the Wall (1970), Ideas and the Novel (1980), and Occasional Prose (1985). Her novels include The Company She Keeps (1942), The Oasis (1949), The Groves of Academe (1952), A Charmed Life (1955), The Group (1963), Birds of America (1971), and Cannibals and Missionaries (1979). She was the author of three works of autobiography, Memories of a Catholic Girlhood (1957), How I Grew (1987), and the unfinished Intellectual Memoirs (1992), and two travel books about Italy, Venice Observed (1956) and The Stones of Florence (1959). Her essays on the Vietnam War were collected in The Seventeenth Degree (1974); her essays on Watergate were collected in The Mask of State (1974).
P.D. Medawar (1915–1987) was a British biologist whose research was fundamental to the development of tissue and organ transplants. Along with Frank Macfarlane Burnet, he was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
V. S. Naipaul was born in Trinidad in 1932 and emigrated to England in 1950, when he won a scholarship to University College, Oxford. He is the author of many novels, including A House for Mr. Biswas, A Bend in the River, and In a Free State, which won the Booker Prize. He has also written several nonfiction works based on his travels, including India: A Million Mutinies Now and Beyond Belief: Islamic Excursions Among the Converted Peoples. He was knighted in 1990 and in 1993 was the first recipient of the David Cohen British Literature Prize.
Christopher Ricks teaches at Boston University in the Core Curriculum and the Editorial Institute and is a former president of the Association of Literary Scholars, Critics, and Writers. From 2004 to 2009 he was Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford. His recent books include True Friendship: Geoffrey Hill, Anthony Hecht, and Robert Lowell Under the Sign of Eliot and Pound and Decisions and Revisions in T.S. Eliot.
Emma Rothschild is Director of the Joint Centre for History and Economics at King's College, Cambridge and Harvard, and Professor of History at Harvard. She is the author of Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment.


While this footage isn't as exciting as I'd like it to be – I'd really prefer a big old gross close-up of a splayed knee joint – what it represents is pretty wonderful. Essentially, doctors at the Columbia University Medical Center have been able to print a knee meniscus using a degradable plastic scaffold and a protein growth system. The body then subsumes the printed object and turns the protein into a knee joint.
In sheep, the first test subjects, the meniscus regenerated in four to six weeks. The body degenerates the scaffold and whisks it away.
"We envision that personalized meniscus scaffolds, from initial MRI to 3D printing, could be completed within days," said Dr. Mao. They will begin clinical trials once the team has raised enough cash to start printing and shipping the scaffolds to patients and their doctors.


text:
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Governance Award Winner Tukaram Mundhe,
Muncipal Commissioner, Navi Mumbai
AWARD CATEGORY:Technology Implementation
A real-time intelligent transport system eases Navi Mumbai's travel woes
Honouring the finest district magistrates in India
TUKARAM MUNDHE, NAVI MUMBAI
Forty year old Tanaji Kamble, a Mumbai municipality employee, is happy that the frequency of buses in his area has improved. For Savita Sawant, 36, a homemaker, finding the nearest bus stop has become easier since she installed a new mobile app on her phone.
Residents of Maharashtra's Navi Mumbai area, Sawant and Kamble say the introduction of the real-time data-driven Integrated Intelligent Transport System (IITS) by the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation has eased their travel woes.
In March 2017, Tukaram Mundhe, then municipal commissioner of the Navi Mumbai civic body, launched the HTS system with an objective of 'sustainable urban mobility'. Some of its key modules include an Automatic Vehicle Location System, Passenger Information System, a mobile application for citizens, a Command and Control Centre, an incident management system, an Automatic Fare Collection System, Planning and Scheduling Management and Business Intelligence systems, among others.
On August 21, Mundhe was among 15 district magistrates to be honoured with The Indian Express Excellence in Governance Awards that celebrated the finest work done by DMs across the country.
"The challenge was not the creation of an app, but an integrated service for every stakeholder passengers, bus operators, administrators etc. That's how I came up with the plan for an intelligent traffic management system, where an app can inform every passenger about when a bus is arriving, if it is on time or if there has there been a break down," Mundhe said after receiving the award
Navi Mumbai Municipal CommissionerTukaram Mundhe receives the award from Union Minister for Law and Electronics & Information Technology Ravi Shankar Prasad.
As part of IITS's Automatic Vehicle Location System, GPS was installed on 448 buses that make 4,000 daily trips. The system helps track the vehicles' routes and check if they have speed away without stopping at any of the designated bus stops. The Automatic Fare Collection System gives live reports about fare collections, while the Planning and Scheduling Management system gives information about bus routes and staff duty.
The HTS has a control room in Belapur.
"In March 2017, there were 35,000 cases of buses skipping stops. Now, the problem has gone down by almost 50 percent. Also, compared to last year, there has been a 15 percent increase in the number of passengers taking buses," said Shirish Aradwad, general manager of Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport, the transport wing of the Navi Mumbai civic body, adding that the new system has led to an increase in the monthly revenue from Rs 10.50 crore in May last year to Rs 11.50 crore in August.
Though Kamble, the Mumbai municipality employee, says he does not use the app, "it helps that the LED display at the Nerul bus stop shows information about buses." In March 2017, five LED display units were installed in the Navi Mumbai area as part of the Public Information System. Now, there are 75 such units.
Sawant, the homemaker, says that while the mobile app is good, it needs improvement. "It doesn't tell us if the bus is late. Also, the app does not have any option to register complaints," she says.
Aradwad said a feedback option would be made available to passengers soon.
Sameer Bagwan, a member of the Transport Committee of the Navi Mumbai civic body, says the system has not been fully implemented, leading to some issues. "At times, the mobile app shows false location of buses because it is not fully developed. Once completely operational, it will be the best system," says Bagwan.
Aradwad said they have been fixing some of these issues. "Soon, we will launch a Navi smart card for people that can be used for ticketing and shopping too. It will take 10-15 days for trial and then it will be launched."
Woman Development-Ashish Saxena,Madhya Pradesh.
Health-Ayyaj Tamboli,Chhattisgarh.
Community Involvment-Astik Kumar Pandey,Maharashtra.
Inclusive Innovation-C R Kharsan, Gujarat.
Education-Dr. A Sharath, Telangana.
Child Development-Dr. Madhavi Khode Chaware,Maharashtra.
Agriculture-Dr. Prashant Bholanath Narnaware, Maharashtra.
Border DistrictsDr. S Lakshmanan, Assam.
Jammu & Kashmir Districts-Dr.Shahid Iqbal Choudhary, Udhampur.
Left Wing Extremism District-Kartikeya Misra, Andhra Pradesh.
North East Districts-Raj Kumar Yadav, Sikkim.
Social Welfare-Rakesh Kanwar, Himachal Pradesh.
Implementation of Central Schemes-Sandeep Nanduri, Tamil Nadu.
Technology Implementation-Tukaram Mundhe, Maharashtra.
Energy-Vivek Yadav, Andhra Pradesh.
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SAE Institute offers Bachelor and Diploma courses in Game Art Animation and Games Programming, VFX, Audio Engineering, Digital Film Production, Webdesign & Development, Cross Media Production.
SAE Institute Berlin is offering all courses in English. All Bachelor and Diploma courses are starting on fixed dates, which are in March and September.
You enjoy programming, need visual feedback and master each level? Then your talent is in the department of Games Programming!
Computer games are an indispensable part of everyday life. They are interactive, have become increasingly non-linear and thereby a challenge for every developer. An exciting game idea is an important basis, but an engaging gameplay is only achieved, if Game Programmers with a high level of expertise ensure details.
As a graduate of SAE Institute in the Department of Games Program-ming you can proceed to a career as Gameplay-, Engine-, Graphics- or KI-Programmer.
Whoever wants to be successful in the game industry, needs profound knowledge, technical understanding and a lot of practical experience. Through our unique hands-on approach you will gain access to professional workstations and high-class equipment.
You will obtain insights in consistent production processes and our industry-experienced mentors will advice and support you during your practical exercises and projects.
Whether it is C# or Multiplayer Games, Game Engines or Prototyping – Unleash your talent!
You've got a creative side, a lot of imagination and like creating digital worlds? Then your talent is in the department of Game Art & 3D Animation!
Today's computer games are complex applications at a high techni- cal level and demonstrate an enormous creative potential. They inspire, captivate and carry you away, they are interactive and have become in- creasingly non-linear. The development of a marketable computer game requires an innovative design and a secure handling of the appropriate hardware and software, in addition to good ideas.
As a graduate of SAE Institute in the Department of Game Art & 3D Animation you can proceed to a career in the fields of 3D Modelling, 3D Animation, Concept Art, Level Design or Character Creation.
Whoever wants to be successful in the game industry, needs profound knowledge, technical understanding and a lot of practical experience.
Through our unique hands-on approach you will gain access to professional workstations and high-class equipment.
Whether you are passionate about Rigging or Level Design, Digital Painting or Character Animation – Unleash your Talent!
The Diploma Program is to be seen as a pre-professional qualification, which prepares the students to deal with industry related challenges and it is the minimum requirement in order to start working in the media sector.
The standard course duration of the SAE Diploma is 18 months. Combining theoretical lessons with practical experience; the students will have to attend classes and implement their knowledge learned, by booking the SAE studios and workstations independently under the supervision of experienced media professionals.
With over 75% of practical time the students will be expected to manage deadlines, produce a range of different tasks, show initiative, research and write assignments and invest an average amount of hours on campus and outside. This concept makes the SAE Diploma a technical vocational training with a strong industrial relevance.
The Bachelor's Degree program prepares the students for both, technical and economical challenges that one might face when working as a media professional.
There are three delivery modes of a Bachelor's Degree program – the Fast-Track-, with a duration of 24 months, and two other consecutive study modes with durations of 30 or 42 months. The Fast-Track allows to obtain a Bachelor's Degree within only two years, due to the fact that there are no semester breaks.
The Bachelor's Degree program also covers the SAE Diploma and leads to the internationally accepted Bachelor's Degree. The title 'Bachelor of Arts / Science (Honours)' (BA / BSc) will be awarded by the state Middlesex University in London, which validates the programmes. Contentwise, the students will study the economical and technical aspects of the media industry.
If you have questions or would like to make an appointment, please contact our career advisor Anat.