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Jewish American Heritage Month
The Yiddish song that kicked off the Swing Era is due for a comeback – The Jerusalem Post
Posted By admin on July 17, 2020
Printed in black and white and bigotry all over, Nazi official Hans Severus Zieglers brochure for his public exhibit in Dusseldorf featured an African American jazz musician with a Star of David on his lapel. Designed to ridicule and belittle Jewish musicians for performing Negro music as another tactic to contaminate German culture, Entartete Musik (Degenerate Music) opened in May, 1938 just four months before Kristallnacht.
And yet, in spite of this, a curious historical phenomena transpired the same year this exhibit opened its doors: Hitlers Germany was obsessed with Bei Mir Bist du Schn (To Me You Are Beautiful), the 1937 song that catalyzed the era of Yiddish swing. A sub-genre of jazz, swing music is more upbeat and easy to dance, or swing, to than the style of jazz that originated in New Orleans that was born out of African music. In its golden age, Benny Goodman, the Jewish King of Swing, fought for integration in Tin Pan Alley and hired African American musicians to bring the new musical style to the masses.
Hailed by Jewish music scholar Neil W. Levin as the worlds best-known and longest-reigning Yiddish theater song of all time, Bei Mir Bist Du Schein was written by Jews, performed by Black musicians, popularized by a Lutheran trio of Norwegian sisters, and beloved by the Nazis until they discovered its Jewish roots, that is. (Under its Germanized title, Bei Mir Bist du Schn, many assumed the language was a southern German dialect.)
The song was originally written by Sholem Secunda for a Yiddish operetta in 1935. After hearing the African American jazz duo Johnnie and George perform the song in the Catskills, Jewish lyricist Sammy Cahn bought the rights and rewrote the lyrics in English, preserving just the titular chorus in Yiddish. Within a month of the Andrews Sisters recording of the song, some 250,000 records and 200,000 copies of sheet music were sold. (Hilariously, American fans couldnt quite catch the songs title, confusing it for Buy a Beer, Mr. Shane or, my personal favorite, My Mere Bits of Shame.)
The lyrics were revamped for popular release to transcend the songs Jewish roots and celebrate Americas melting of multiple languages and cultures, writes Charles B. Hersch in his book, Jews and Jazz: Improvising Ethnicity. As the songs lovestruck protagonist imagines saying bella bella or sehr wunderbar, each foreign tongue is simply a vehicle to express how grand the beloved is.
In America, the success of Bei Mir helped Jews feel they made the right choice in fleeing pogroms of Europe through theatre and music they could, and did, cement themselves in the New World. Benny Goodman furthered the Yiddish jazz craze with his iconic 1938 performance of Bei Mir at Harlems iconic Apollo Theatre within months, a myriad of popular artists like Ella Fitzgerald, Belle Baker, Kate Smith, and the Barry Sisters recorded covers, hoping to cash in on the fad.
To highlight the new musical fusion of klezmer and jazz, New Yorks WHN created Yiddish Melodies in Swing, a program that lasted two decades. The feat was a sense of mastery over the challenge of integrating in the American mainstream while maintaining ties to their distinctive immigrant heritage, writes Hersch.
Back in Germany, swing music was hardly a relief from the woes of war and Nazi violence. While Hitlerjugend Hitler Youth, the Nazis youth organization grew in popularity, so did the countermovement known as Swingjugend. Rejecting societal oppression, uniformity, and police brutality, these teens separated themselves from the Nazi state by dancing the Charleston in speakeasy bars filled with the sounds of swing music, a genre that emulated free love, independence and peace.
Members of Swingjugend let their hair grow long. The men carried umbrellas, the women wore heavy makeup and collectively they mocked Hitlerjugends infamous Sieg Heil with proclamations of Swing Heil. With songs like Bei Mir beating in their hearts, the 1993 movie Swing Kids depicts the counterculture German rebels as they are confronted by the Nazis. The movie is fiction, but the historical atrocities are chillingly accurate: In 1941, 300 swing kids were punished for praising the degenerate music of Jewish and Black people some were given haircuts, others were sent back to school, many were deported to Nazi concentration camps.
But even in the Nazi-drawn ghettos, the popularity of swing endured. In 1942 Theresienstadt the model concentration camp, designed to fool the world into believing all was well and dandy in the Third Reich Eric Vogul led the Ghetto Swingers, a jazz orchestra forced to perform in the main square for long hours. A disturbing charade, the Jewish musicians still found joy in performing jazz and swing music. In their darkest hours it was an escape.
When I played I forgot where I was. The world seemed in order, the suffering of people around me disappeared life was beautiful, wrote Ghetto Swingers guitarist Coco Schumann in his autobiography. We knew everything and forgot everything the moment we played a few bars.
Bei Mir Bist Du Schein, of course, was one of the songs that tranquilized ourselves into the dream world produced by the Germans for reasons of propaganda, Vogel said. Filled with notes of hope and love that transcend language, that blissful bubble burst in 1944 when the camp was cleared and most of the remaining prisoners were sent to Auschwitz.
By the end of World War II in 1945, swing music was replaced with new sounds like Bebop and rhythm and blues. As Jews embraced a state of their own in 1948 with Hebrew as the lingua franca, Yiddish was swept to the side, left to gather dust along with the memories of pogroms and gas chambers.
Israel was happening and Israelism was a way for Jewish people to be more American, more assimilated, more macho, more cowboy-like than the old skinny, left-wing, intellectual type so common with Yiddish culture, Alicia Svigals, a founding member of the Klezmatics, tells The Washington Post.
Nearly a century after the golden era of klezmer-meets-jazz, I think the song that started it all is due for a comeback. So much of the landscape that gave way to Yiddish swing has returned, and the parallels are chilling: recent acts of police brutality launched a fiery wave of Black Lives Matter protests; anti-Semitism is at an all-time high; the crushed economy in the United States is being likened to the Great Depression, the very historic crisis that gave way to the swing era.
Made most famous by three non-Jewish sisters, Bei Mir Bist Du Schein is hardly the only Yiddish swing tune we should revere and revive as an unlikely protest song. But its the rich history of Black and Jewish musicians who made this degenerate music irresistible to the Nazis that makes this shtetl swing melody an ultimate song of resistance.
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Forums > Compact Equipment > Compact Excavators >
Case CX60 return rollers stuck.
Discussion in 'Compact Excavators' started by Karl Robbers, Jan 23, 2023 at 12:30 PM.
Karl Robbers Well-Known Member
G'day, I've been asked to help out a friend with a Case CX60C excavator (rubber track variant). This machine has about 130 hours on it and would be maybe 2 years old. He noticed that both top rollers have seized and one has the faintest flat spot, while the other has a little more, suggesting that they didn't both go out together. Replacement rollers are not overly expensive, but there are none in the system within Australia, meaning Case also want a hefty chunk of $$$ to freight them from Japan.
The rollers are removed from the machine and on initial inspection look fine (other than the 2 minor flat spots), no visible rust, no sign of damage, all paint intact and no sign of heavy dirt build up, pretty much as you'd expect for a low hour machine that gets looked after. The machine has never been pressure washed, so I think we can discount high pressure water ingress as well.
My question has four parts, firstly, has anyone else experienced the same issue with their machine? Second, how do you get into these things? I can see a circlip around the shaft on both sides that possibly retains 2 end plates that align the roller, but are these rollers serviceable? Third there is a plug on one side with a hex key hole in it. Is this for lubrication purposes? Finally, is he wasting his time trying to recover these rollers?
Currently my thinking is along the lines that I will try and break the rollers free using physical force on the off chance that dirt or similar has packed in somewhere it shouldn't, but I'd like some idea of what I may find before I get too gung ho in disassembling things. An exploded diagram would be magic if anybody has one.
Regards Karl.
Karl Robbers, Jan 23, 2023 at 12:30 PM
Tags Senior Member
Yes there should be oil in there behind the hex plug. I would do exactly what you're doing and see if you can get the shaft to turn with brute force.
Tags, Jan 23, 2023 at 8:54 PM
Thanks for that.
I'll give it ago tomorrow.
Karl Robbers, Jan 23, 2023 at 8:59 PM
KSSS Senior Member
That machine is actually a Hyundai out of Korea. Not sure if that information helps, but maybe you have access to a Hyundai dealership if you need it.
My guess with 130 hours on it and a couple years old it, you might be able to pull the track and put a pipe wrench on it and get it to turn. Its obviously not worn out, just likely stuck.
KSSS, Jan 24, 2023 at 10:19 PM
Karl Robbers and Tags like this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home»Food»Where Authenticity is Taken Seriously: Blue Toba Indonesian in Ashland
Where Authenticity is Taken Seriously: Blue Toba Indonesian in Ashland
Jordan Marie McCaw 2019-02-07
Jordan Marie McCaw / February 7, 2019 /	0
Photo courtesy of Leslie Hutbarat
When a restaurant claims to serve authentic cultural food, most of us don't question the claim. Taking a look at Blue Toba, the owners are happy to share what the word authentic means to them.
Blue Toba in Ashland started out in a food truck in 2013. Eventually Owner and Chef Birong Hutbarat and his wife Leslie moved their restaurant to a permanent location on Ashland Street. When they first conceived of the idea to open the first Indonesian restaurant in Ashland, they knew they needed to make their food as genuine as possible.
"Not many people are familiar with Indonesian cuisine and the alchemy it takes to prepare even one meal," says Birong. "We have some dishes on our menu that have 12 to 15 different spices in them, most of which you cannot find in the states."
He considers his work a "labor of love." His training began when he moved back to Indonesia to study his home's culinary methods and learn from the best chefs in the area. Throughout this learning process he realized the importance in providing customers with the freshest and most authentic ingredients.
This pursuit brings him back to Indonesia every year to procure the spices he needs for Blue Toba. When he can't make the trip, he has his relatives send spices to him. Leslie says, "He brings back with him about one hundred pounds of dried spices. When we run out, his brother sends them to us from the fresh markets of Indonesia. Even our chilis are dried in the Indonesian sun and brought back by the chef or sent to us by his brother."
Birong ensures each spice he procures from Indonesia is essential. When he runs out, substituting the spice with the closest thing he can find locally isn't an option. He requires high quality and Indonesian-native spices for his cooking, and customers haven't complained in the slightest. In fact, locals praise Birong's spice-filled dishes like Beef Rendang with Rice and Opor Ayam.
"I love everything about Indonesian food," Birong says. "It is complex, yet somehow simple, if that makes sense. The flavors reveal themselves in layers and every bite transports you to the culture and country of Indonesia." He hails from North Sumatra in the Lake Toba region, where many of the dishes at the restaurant originate.
He says, "Food is culture. In Indonesia, everything centers around food and the spices it takes to make the food what it is. All day cooking, even through the night is common there. This is why I hold true to the authenticity. I won't cut corners or replace any Indonesian spice with something remotely similar. I put my heart and soul and country's traditions into every plate of food I prepare."
September of last year Blue Toba was the first Indonesian restaurant to be featured on popular Food Network show Diners, Drive-Ins, and Dives hosted by Guy Fieri. "Being featured on Diners, Drive-ins and Dives was surreal and such an honor," both Leslie and Birong say. "It was high energy, super enthusiastic and so much fun to film. The dishes Guy Fieri chose off the menu were two very unique, authentic dishes."
They cooked Rendang with Fieri, "a spicy beef curry. Using Painted Hill grass-fed beef, cooks slow for four to five hours in about twelve different spices and needs to be stirred and tended to every five to 10 minutes. The other dish is a mild curry called Opor. It is made with candlenut, which is difficult to find in the states. It is a creamy, earthy, full-of-flavor curry made from scratch just like the Rendang is."
Birong and Leslie are ready to give any appetizing suggestion to customers unsure of what to order when dining at Blue Toba. The restaurant has garnered a strong following that continues to grow no doubt due to the true Indonesian spices used in each dish.
Blue Toba
11:30 am – 7:30 pm, Tuesday – Saturday
1690 Ashland St, Ashland
Jordan Marie McCaw
Since graduating from Eastern Nazarene College in the Boston area with a B.A. in Journalism and Writing, Jordan Martinez has been writing and copy editing for a few different publications, including the Rogue Valley Messenger. She loved living on the other side of the country for three brief years, but Southern Oregon is truly where she belongs. She also writes for BayArea.com, Showcase Magazine, and is the Copy Editor for Southern Oregon Magazine and Las Vegas Golf & Leisure Magazine. When she isn't writing articles, she's either working on her next book, reading, drawing, watching "There Will Be Blood," or pulling shots at GoodBean in Jacksonville. You can check out her artwork at hitrecord.org, where she's been featured and loves using the site as a creative outlet: https://www.hitrecord.org/users/J.M.%20Black/records


Nollywood actress Tonto Dikeh, in a new interview Saturday Sun, opened up on her marriage, ex-husband career and more.
According to the actress, she recently won the custody battle and child support case in court but decided against sharing with the world.
Tonto also revealed that she is celibate and may consider marriage when the time is right.
You have been in the news for a while, for the wrong and right reasons. Tell me how you have been able to absorb all of the controversy about family, career etc?
Naturally, everybody knows the Tonto Dikeh brand is like a super- woman brand. I am a very strong woman, so, positivity, negativity I find a way to put it into work in my life. I try to use all of the criticism and love and apply it to better myself. So, no publicity is bad publicity. Being a public figure you get to share your life, the good, the bad and the ugly with the public and I'm a woman who is not afraid to be vulnerable, who is not afraid to show strength, who is not afraid to show every area of my life. In recent times I have shared the good and the bad but I have come out strong.
In 2015 when I was pregnant with my son, I decided to have my baby, my motherly instincts kicked in , I decided to think of anything that would be better for my son , I love Lagos and I do know the effect it has had on me , I do know what I do not want for my child. So, I decided to check round the country to see where I could raise my son in the best way that I can and I found Abuja very soothing; education is great, I am not scared that my son will get corrupt either in school or with the neighbors, the neighbors are beautiful. As an actress or a public figure, there is nothing like adoring your privacy and they give me my privacy here in Abuja.
For your line of work, Abuja might not be the perfect place, it is not a movie hub.
Over the years, evolving from a girl to a woman my priorities have changed, I'm not looking at entertainment, I'm looking at conquering the world at large, I am into various things. Entertainment is in Abuja for sure but who says that I cannot bring entertainment into Abuja to stay?
Do you have a timeline on your celibacy?
Like I said before, anything private in my life stays private.
How do you jostle between being a mom and your line of work.
It's beautiful, like I always say, because I'm into women empowerment a lot, I assert that women empowerment is not giving women the power because we already have the power, we just do not know how much power we do have. I have so much power multi-tasking, I'm a woman and that's what we are versatile in doing and especially the love I have for my son, it just helps me to be a great mom. It helps me to be a great person at the same time because I don't want to disappoint him, at the same time I want my son to have the best, so because of him my life is balanced.
Going back to Nollywood, we hear that young actresses sleep around in other to get roles in the industry. Tell us how true this is?
It is very sad but yet it is very true. I'll stop there. I really didn't experience that because I came in with a bundle of talent, I had them calling me, not me calling them. It was not the other way round, I think it was just my time I went from a reality TV show, so I wasn't hopping from one location to the other. I was just getting called from one marketer to the other. My story is different; I do know that disgusting things like this happen in my industry.
Should we expect international collaborations with the likes of Hollywood in the future?
It is something that I pray for, it is something that my team and I are working on, at the moment we do have something from the Greek government, we are about to do a film with the Greek government. The film is called Uvie. It is actually about female human trafficking, say no to prostitution. So, I am getting to partner with a lot of international bodies. Hollywood is my dream I hope and I strive to get there.
While growing up, I did a lot of rough movies, I did a lot of movies that doing drugs had to be involved, a lot of movies that people had to form an opinion about me and so, that is where that opinion of drugs came out. As a young girl growing up, I did make some mistakes with alcohol, cannabis and cigarettes but I'm older now and I'm above all of those things, I have a son now. I always tell people who ask me why I quit smoking "What if my son needs blood tomorrow, what will I say to myself that I can't give my son blood because I still want to indulge in cannabis". I know it's one of those things I did quit by the grace of God because it is not easy to desist from. The drug allegations from my ex-husband was just a lie to cover up his domestic violence track, he felt that was a tool he could use to tarnish my image, but come to think of it, there are too many holes in that story. It is impossible for a father who genuinely says he cares about your son to leave his son with a drug addict, if you had a drug addict at home, would you not fight for the custody of your son? I don't joke with my son, so, if a father joked with his son in that way, he just lied to cover up the fact that he's a woman beater.
Definitely! But the fans keep pushing it, in the past I used to get upset because of the negative perception they had about me. If you sit back and watch my movies you will discover that I'm a very good actress, I do it like it's real and that is why I don't really blame the fans for having that mindset. I just want to appeal to the fans out there to understand that this is just entertainment, we are just entertaining you. This is our job, it's like you going to the bank, office etc. and in the night you go home to be who you are. It is my job, that is not what I'm about in real life. If I play the role of a prostitute very well, give me kudos and tell me I did well because I'm really not a prostitute in real life. As actors and actresses, we always have that conflict with our fans and I wish they could understand how much we love them and how much we put in to do this for them.
You obviously have millions of fans despite all the negative publicity. What would you say to those that aspire to be like you?
I will like to thank everyone of you out there who has supported, followed, loved, pushed my brand to where it is today, thank you to everybody who look up to me. I don't want you to be like me, I want you to be better than me, I want you to look at my mistakes and learn from them. I feel like some people are signboards, you can look at them and follow their examples. I am an example and I think I could be your example.


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Q: Understanding the return values of LOGEST in Excel So I am doing line fitting in Excel and I endded up with an exponential decay. The displayed equation of the fitted line is
y=723880e^-4E-04x
I want to have the coefficients calculated in cells so I used the LOGEST function. The base "b" as return value is correct with 723880 and the other value "a" is 0,99964514. It is correct if i do
(a-1) or
ln(a).
Could someone explain to me why this is the case and what function is this LOGEST really describing? It isn't the one explained in the HELP section, the y=bm^x.
Thanks for everyone's help in advance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Control Order For Dog That Bit Jogger
Published: 8:50 AM September 24, 2010 Updated: 11:26 AM November 1, 2020
MAGISTRATES have slapped a control order on a dog that bit a jogger in Soham, leaving him with two bleeding wounds that required hospital treatment and stitches.
Six-year-old Rocky, a Husky type dog, lunged and escaped the control of his distraught owner Naomi Weidman as she walked him along Mereside on the evening on July 22.
Jogger Ian Wallis approached, and was bitten on the left arm by the dog. He was left in a state of shock, and needed a total of three stitches to the two puncture wounds.
Weidman, 48, of Avocet Grove, Soham, admitted being the owner of a dog that was dangerous and not kept under proper control on July 22. She now uses a muzzle on the dog since the incident, she told Ely magistrates.
Prosecuting, Angela Sassoli said Weidman had made efforts to keep the dog close to her as the jogger approached. But the dog became agitated, it was on quite a long lead as Weidman tried to control it.
"The dog escaped Weidman's hold and bit the jogger on the left arm," she said. "He had to go to hospital."
Weidman told police that she had owned the dog since he was a puppy. He was given to her when she lived in America. She said the dog had lunged at Mr Wallis, biting his arm.
"This surprised her and threw her off balance," added Mrs Sassoli. "She pulled him back, and saw the wound on Mr Wallis' arm. She was distraught, the dog had never bitten anyone before.
"Mr Wallis does not want the dog destroyed, but it does seem appropriate to have it properly muzzled in case anything like this should happen again."


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I found this bike at Raphael's, Asara Wine Estate's restaurant (map).
Posted in General and tagged motorbikes on Sunday, 2 March, 2014 by Paul.
I mentioned the beautiful Aston Martin shop at the V&A Watefront in my previous post. Doesn't it make perfect sense to have a Ducati store right next door? Mine is somewhat of a closeup photo of the fuel tank, but isn't this one just awesome?
Posted in General and tagged motorbikes on Sunday, 6 January, 2013 by Paul.
Posted in Street photography and tagged motorbikes on Sunday, 22 January, 2012 by Paul.


#Pleroma dev said "#SubwayTooter is Client applications that are known to work well" in early stage.
Then they drops compatibility with Mastodon API. Then Pleroma users send claims to #SubwayTooter.
ST's dev have not been involved at all from the beginning.
Pleroma users do not send issues to ST's repository.
Currently I do not keep track of Pleroma's problem, so I have no idea about issues between ST and Pleroma.


Meta-ethics notes for guest talk today. See below the fold.
- Some moral judgments are true.
o Naturalism: Judgements are made true by "natural" facts. Moral properties are "natural" properties: an ethical science.
o Non-naturalism: Moral properties are "non-natural" properties: no ethical science without an ethical intuition.
Meta-ethics: philosophical inquiry about the nature of moral or ethical judgments (more below).
But what is ethics or morality?
- Societies being just or unjust; decisions fair or unfair.
If a claim is true, that is usually because of facts that make it true. Alternative, a claim is true because of properties: e.g., it is true that 'the table is made of wood' because the table has the property 'being made of wood,' or this is a fact.
So what would a moral facts be? What would moral properties be?
What kind of facts would moral facts be? What kind of properties are moral properties?
o Is the claim true or false? Neither true nor false?
o Is the state of mind belief or/and desire?
o Are there moral facts? Moral truth-makers?
o Is there moral knowledge? Reasonable or rational moral beliefs (?)?
- Motivating concern: logical positivism.
- 1. A judgments is meaningful (true or false) only if it is either analytic or empirically verifiable.
- 2. Moral judgments are neither analytic nor empirically verifiable.
- 3. Therefore, moral judgments are not meaningful, are neither true nor false.
o naturalism and open question argument, following Moore: "This action produces the most pleasure, but is it a moral obligation?" Meanings are different, so different properties??
o The "magnetism" of moral judgments.
- 4. Moral judgments are necessarily motivating.
- 5. Any 'judgement' that necessarily motivates is not a belief. (Desires motivate, beliefs do not).
- 6. Therefore, moral judgments are not beliefs.
§ What would a moral fact be like? How could something make an action wrong?
o Motivational Internalism: (See Stevenson).
· non-naturalism and epistemological puzzlement.
§ Yet, thought that there are "rational" constraints on moral judgments.
7. There is widespread disagreement about whether various actions are wrong or not: there is moral disagreement.
8. The best explanation of this disagreement implies that there are no moral facts.
(If there were moral facts, then there would be less disagreement, because more people would see these facts).
9. Therefore, there are likely no moral facts.
10. We should believe that a property exists only if it helps us explain observable phenomena.
11. Moral properties don't help explain observable phenomena.
Ex. Was slavery eventually widely opposed because of its injustice or moral wrongness, or can we explain why people opposed slavery without positing moral properties (e.g., they opposed it just because of their beliefs and attitudes..)?
Those were some arguments for anti-realisms.
1. If epistemic or intellectual realisms are true, then moral realisms are true. (E.g., if claims about what you should believe, that you should have evidence for your beliefs, that some beliefs shouldn't be accepted, etc.), then moral claims are true also: why not?!).
2. Epistemic or intellectual realisms are true.
3. Therefore, moral realisms are true.
1. If moral realisms are false (for these reasons A, B, C, and D), then epistemic realisms are false too (for these reasons A, B, C, and D). (E.g., if claims about what you morally should do are false, then claims about how you epistemically ought to believe, how you should reason, etc. are false).
3. So moral realisms are not false (for these reasons A, B, C, and D).
The above was Dr. Nobis's doctoral dissertation, in 2004.
If moral realism is true, then aesthetic realism is true.
So aesthetic realism is true.
Louise Hanson, "Moral Realism, Aesthetic Realism, and the Asymmetry Claim," Ethics 129, no. 1 (October 2018): 39-69.
Many people accept, at least implicitly, what I call the asymmetry claim: the view that moral realism is more defensible than aesthetic realism. This article challenges the asymmetry claim. I argue that it is surprisingly hard to find points of contrast between the two domains that could justify their very different treatment with respect to realism. I consider five potentially promising ways to do this, and I argue that all of them fail. If I am right, those who accept the asymmetry claim have a significant burden of proof.


Notes on research, teaching, and the highest things.
Last week I presented a best practices workshop on project management for my fellow graduate students. The purpose was to provide younger students in the program with ideas and concepts for managing projects "from idea to publication". Preparing my presentation for the workshop afforded me the opportunity to reflect on the principles of productivity that I've learned over the years. Despite claims to the contrary, both from within and without, the academe is not unlike many other professions: it a profession fundamentally about knowledge work but with functionally infinite demands on otherwise scarce time and attention.
Let's Write The hashtags for #NaNoWriMo (National Novel Write Month) are starting to populate my twitter feed; yet conspicuously absent thus far are those for academics, affectionately hacked to #AcWriMo. Although #AcWriMo does not begin until November, often in this final week of October, blogs, academic websites and e-journals begin posting on the theme, writing up tips on how to take advantage of #AcWriMo. This year, now that I recently begun my dissertation prospectus and studying for a prelim exam on international politics, I wanted to jump start my writing by making a public commitment to regular writing during November.
Luke M Perez is a Postdoctoral Fellow in Political Thought and Constitutionalism at The Kinder Institute on Constitutional Democracy.
Kinder Institute on Constitutional Democracy, University of Missouri.
Powered by Hugo. © Luke M Perez 2011–2019.


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text:
package cafesat.api

import Formulas.{Formula, PropVar}

import regolic.asts.fol.Trees._
import regolic.asts.fol.Manip._

import regolic.sat.{Solver => USolver} //U for Underlying
import regolic.sat.Solver.Results._
import regolic.sat.Solver.Clause
import regolic.sat.ConjunctiveNormalForm
import regolic.sat.Literal

trait Solver {

  type Var
  type Lit

  def newVar(): Var

  def mkLit(v: Var, pol: Boolean): Lit

  def addClause(lits: Vector[Lit]): Unit

  def solve(assumptions: Vector[Lit]): Boolean

  def model: Map[Var, Boolean]

}

object Solver {

  type Model = Map[PropVar, Boolean]

  def solveForSatisfiability(formula: Formula): Option[Model] = {
    val f = formula.formula
    val simpleF = simplify(f)
    simpleF match {
      case True() => Some(Map()) //TODO: provide random values
      case False() => None
      case _ => {
        val (clauses, nbVars, mapping) = ConjunctiveNormalForm(simplify(f))
        val s = new USolver(nbVars)
        clauses.foreach(s.addClause(_))
        val solveRes = s.solve()
        solveRes match {
          case Satisfiable(model) =>
            Some(mapping.map(p => (new PropVar(p._1), model(p._2))))
          case Unsatisfiable => None
          case Unknown =>
            sys.error("shouldn't be unknown")
        }
      }
    }
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Write a detail note on Parole ? LLB 2nd Year Sociology
September 19, 2022 September 19, 2022 admin 0 Comments parole, parole and probation, parole and probation administration, parole and probation administration is under the direction of the, parole and probation difference, parole and probation in Pakistan, parole and probation las vegas, parole and probation lookup, parole and probation meaning, parole and probation officer, parole and probation officer salary grade, parole board, parole definition, parole meaning, parole officer, parole vs probation, parolee
Different theories of punishment have remained basis of judicial system since ancient and Middle Ages: retributive theory suggests severe punishment while reformative theory focuses on reforming the criminals. In this modern world, judicial system is changing from retributive theory to reformative theory. And the concept of parole is a product of reformative theory.
(2) Meaning
Parole is derived from the French words. These French words are "je te donne ma parole", which mean "I give my word."
(3) Definition
(a) Release
Parole can be defined as release of an offender from a penal or reformative institution by keeping the offender under the control of the correctional authorities to find out whether he is tit to live in the free society without supervision.
(b) Liberation
Parole can be defined as liberation of a prisoner from prison or correctional institution on condition that his original penalty will revive if he violates the conditions of liberation.
(4) Explanation
Parole can be explained in the following words:
(a) History of parole
(b) Founder
(c) Objectives of parole
(d) Conditions of parole
(e) Types of parole
Historically, concept of parole was present only in military law. This word was used by the war prisoners. It was release of war prisoner on his promise to return.
Samuel G. Howe coined parole in correctional context
Parole was initially granted to the offenders to reduce overcrowding of prisoners. Later on, the concept was changed: it is now granted as reward in lieu of good behavior.
Conditions of parole vary from country to country. The reason is that its conditions are determined sometimes by law, sometimes by government, sometimes by parole board and sometimes by other agencies.
Followings are some general conditions of parole:
(d-i) Law-abiding life
(d-ii) Abstention from various activities & habits
(d-iii) Specified territory
(d-iv) Change in residence or employment
(d-v) Contact with parole officer
The offender, who is granted parole, is to lead a law-abiding life: he is to obey law.
He is to abstain from activities like gambling and habits like use of drugs.
He is to remain in a specified territory.
He is to obtain permission for changing his residence or employment.
He is to maintain contact with parole officer.
Followings are types of parole
(e-i) Custody parole
(e-ii) Regular parole
Custody parole is granted in emergent situations and circumstances:
(x) Emergent situations & circumstances
(y) During time period of parole
(z) On completion of time period of parole
Custody parole is granted in the following emergent situations and circumstances:
(x-i) Death
(x-ii) Marriage
(x-iii) Serious illness
(x-iv) Any other emergent situation
It is granted in case of death of a family member of the prisoner.
It is granted in case of marriage of a family member of the prisoner.
It is granted in case of serious illness of a family member of the prisoner.
It is also granted in any other emergent situation in which presence of the prisoner is compulsory.
The prisoner is surrounded by police during the specified time period of custody parole.
On completion of specified time period of custody parole, the prisoner is sent back to the jail.
Regular parole is considered as discretionary parole, and is granted when the behavior of the prisoner is satisfactory:
(w) Certain terms & conditions
(x) Rules of parole
(y) Certain grounds
(z) Police
Regular parole is granted on the basis of certain terms and conditions.
The prisoner, who is granted regular parole, is to follow the rules that are mentioned in the parole.
Regular parole is granted on certain grounds:
(y-i) Serious illness
(y-ii) Marriage
(y-iii) Delivery of child
(y-iv) Natural calamities
(y-1) Serious Illness
It is granted in case of marriage of a family member of the prisoner in which the presence of the prisoner is compulsory.
It is granted in case of delivery of child by the prisoner's wife if there is no other family member to take care of the wife at home.
It is granted in case of natural calamities if the natural calamities have caused serious damage to the life or property of the prisoner's family.
The prisoner is not surrounded by police during the regular parole.
It can be finally stated that parole is different from bail: parole is for an offender, who is convicted and is in prisoner while bail is for an under-trial offender. The parole works for the reformation of the prisoner: it helps the prisoner to transform himself and change into law-abiding and useful citizen.
← Write a detail note on Probation ? LLB Part 2nd Sociology
Write the Differences Between Probation & Parole ? →


text:
45min | Fantasy, Romance, Sci-Fi | TV Series (2007)
2:26 | Promotional
A man travels back in time to help people in trouble.
Kevin Falls
Kevin McKidd, Gretchen Egolf, Moon Bloodgood | See full cast & crew »
Top-Rated Episodes
S1.E13
Dan and Livia help a fellow time traveler reconnect with his lost love.
Error: please try again.
Dan inadvertently leaves his digital camera in 1984, which drastically changes the time line.
Conclusion. The kidnapper, recently released from prison, seeks revenge against Dan.
See more episodes »
Code Black Ups Moon Bloodgood to Series Regular for Season 3
16 August 2017 | TVLine.com
Film4 secures £25m budget for 2017/18
Round-Up: Haven Season 5 Volume 1 Blu-ray / DVD, Terrordactyl Images, Redeemer Release Details
12 August 2015 | DailyDead
Series vistas
My Best Series List
Series: Wants to Watch
TV (ADULT) Series WATCHED & were AWESOME!
På externa HD'n
How many episodes of Journeyman have you seen?
Search for "Journeyman" on Amazon.com
Title: Journeyman (2007)
Favorite Time Hopping Science Fiction Series
Favorite TV Series About Time Travel?
Day Break (2006–2007)
Action | Drama | Sci-Fi
Today Detective Brett Hopper will be accused of shooting state attorney Alberto Garza. He will offer his rock solid alibi. He will realize he's been framed. And he will run. Then he will wake up and start the day over again.
Stars: Taye Diggs, Moon Bloodgood, Victoria Pratt
Invasion (2005–2006)
Drama | Horror | Mystery
In the aftermath of a hurricane, a Florida Park Ranger and his family deal with strange occurrences.
Stars: William Fichtner, Eddie Cibrian, Kari Matchett
Crime | Drama | Sci-Fi
A New York homicide detective is cursed with immortality.
Stars: Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Zuleikha Robinson, Alexie Gilmore
Awake (2012)
Drama | Fantasy | Mystery
After a car accident takes the life of a family member, a police detective lives two alternating parallel lives, one with his wife and one with his son. Is one of his "realities" merely a dream?
Stars: Jason Isaacs, Laura Allen, Steve Harris
John Doe (2002–2003)
Drama | Mystery | Sci-Fi
A man who seems to know everything but his own name helps police solve crimes as he searches for his identity.
Stars: Dominic Purcell, Jayne Brook, John Marshall Jones
The Event (2010–2011)
When a man goes looking for his missing girlfriend, he stumbles upon a government conspiracy that is bigger than the president himself.
Stars: Jason Ritter, Sarah Roemer, Ian Anthony Dale
The Dead Zone (2002–2007)
Johnny Smith has been leading an idyllic small-town life. Employed as a science teacher, Johnny takes great pleasure in showing his young students the wonders of the natural world. He is ... See full summary »
Stars: Anthony Michael Hall, Nicole de Boer, Chris Bruno
Flashforward (2009–2010)
A special task force in the FBI investigates after every person on Earth simultaneously blacks out and awakens with a short vision of their future.
Stars: Courtney B. Vance, Joseph Fiennes, Jack Davenport
Jake 2.0 (2003–2004)
Drama | Sci-Fi
Jake Foley is a computer technician for the N.S.A., who secretly longs for a chance to work in the field. Circumstance puts him in a top secret laboratory, in the middle of a shoot-out ... See full summary »
Stars: Christopher Gorham, Philip Anthony-Rodriguez, Judith Scott
Moonlight (2007–2008)
Drama | Fantasy | Horror
A vampire lands work as a private investigator and falls for a mortal woman.
Stars: Alex O'Loughlin, Sophia Myles, Jason Dohring
The Pretender: Island of the Haunted (TV Movie 2001)
Action | Crime | Mystery
Through a series of bizarre circumstances, Jarod and Miss Parker find themselves trapped together on a strange island in a life and death situation, out of which come some of the most ... See full summary »
Director: Frederick King Keller
Stars: Michael T. Weiss, Andrea Parker, Patrick Bauchau
No Ordinary Family (2010–2011)
Action | Comedy | Drama
The Powells are a typical American family living in Pacific Bay, California, whose members gain special powers after their plane crashes in the Amazon.
Stars: Michael Chiklis, Julie Benz, Kay Panabaker
Series cast summary:
Kevin McKidd ... Dan Vasser 13 episodes, 2007
Gretchen Egolf ... Katie Vasser 13 episodes, 2007
Moon Bloodgood ... Livia Beale 13 episodes, 2007
Reed Diamond ... Jack Vasser 13 episodes, 2007
Brian Howe ... Hugh Skillen 13 episodes, 2007
Charles Henry Wyson ... Zack Vasser 13 episodes, 2007
Julia Farsadi ... Hugh's Secretary 12 episodes, 2007
Lisa Sheridan ... Dr. Theresa Sanchez 6 episodes, 2007
Investigative newspaper reporter Dan Vassar has a 'gift' to suddenly travel back in time, only to enable him to set straight something which caused great problems in the present, for him, his loved-ones or broader society. That puts great strain on Dan's family, including doting but 'deserted' young son Zac and brother Jack, a cop who wants to learn the truth. Written by KGF Vissers
reporter | father son relationship | family man | brother brother relationship | san francisco california | See All (6) »
Fantasy | Romance | Sci-Fi
24 September 2007 (USA) See more »
Ajarändur See more »
Los Angeles, California, USA See more »
Left Coast Productions, 20th Century Fox Television See more »
45 min (13 episodes)
16:9 HD
The residence was filmed next door to Halliwell Manor which was used the the TV series "Charmed" which also occasionally traveled in time. See more »
Referenced in The Jay Leno Show: Episode #1.83 (2010) See more »
Q: Where can I find a song I heard on the show?
Rip-off isn't just harsh ... it's untrue
17 December 2007 | by oakyo4117 – See all my reviews
Everyone was up in arms when the show started about what a rip-off it was of The Time Traveler's Wife (and yes, I read it, and yes, I loved it)--but the fact is, the only thing it has in common with the book is that it's about a dude who travels, and, oh, his wife happens to know about it. The similarities pretty much end there, and as the show continues, it has taken on a fabulous life of its own.
(Honestly, will every time travel tale hereafter be compared to TTW, if it happens to include a traveler who can actually make other people believe that's what's happening? It's like comparing Moonlight to Buffy just because they both had a scene where the woman allowed the vampire to drink from them. There are so many sci-fi tales that can be interpreted in so many different ways; there's no need to compare everything.)
AND YES, it is fabulous. The characters are well-drawn and interesting and complex; the writers are doing a wonderful job with continuity (hello, $20 bill!); and there's a new mystery introduced with each episode. But, as happens with most of the better shows that are undiscovered gems, word on the street is that an axing is in the near future. But of course. Why waste time nurturing it when there's a plethora of reality TV to be scheduled?
Add episode


text:
Current 2018 Ed. and Supplement III (1/3/2022) 2018 Ed. and Supplement II (1/13/2021) 2018 Ed. and Supplement I (1/24/2020) 2018 Main Ed. (1/14/2019) 2012 Ed. and Supplement V (1/12/2018) 2012 Ed. and Supplement IV (1/6/2017) 2012 Ed. and Supplement III (1/3/2016) 2012 Ed. and Supplement II (1/5/2015) 2012 Ed. and Supplement I (1/16/2014) 2012 Main Ed. (1/15/2013) 2006 Ed. and Supplement V (1/3/2012) 2006 Ed. and Supplement IV (1/7/2011) 2006 Ed. and Supplement III (2/1/2010) 2006 Ed. and Supplement II (1/5/2009) 2006 Ed. and Supplement I (1/8/2008) 2006 Main Ed. (1/3/2007) 2000 Ed. and Supplement V (1/2/2006) 2000 Ed. and Supplement IV (1/3/2005) 2000 Ed. and Supplement III (1/19/2004) 2000 Ed. and Supplement II (1/6/2003) 2000 Ed. and Supplement I (1/22/2002) 2000 Main Ed. (1/2/2001) 1994 Ed. and Supplement V (1/23/2000) 1994 Ed. and Supplement IV (1/5/1999) 1994 Ed. and Supplement III (1/26/1998) 1994 Ed. and Supplement II (1/6/1997) 1994 Ed. and Supplement I (1/16/1996) 1994 Main Ed. (1/4/1995)
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*Public Laws 117-286 through 117-362 have been enacted, but classifications have not yet been finalized. The currency ("laws in effect") date does not reflect acts for which classification has not been finalized.
23 USC 327: Surface transportation project delivery program Text contains those laws in effect on January 27, 2023
From Title 23-HIGHWAYSCHAPTER 3-GENERAL PROVISIONS
Jump To: Source CreditMiscellaneousReferences In TextAmendmentsEffective Date
§327. Surface transportation project delivery program
(a) Establishment.-
(1) In general.-The Secretary shall carry out a surface transportation project delivery program (referred to in this section as the "program").
(2) Assumption of responsibility.-
(A) In general.-Subject to the other provisions of this section, with the written agreement of the Secretary and a State, which may be in the form of a memorandum of understanding, the Secretary may assign, and the State may assume, the responsibilities of the Secretary with respect to one or more highway projects within the State under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
(B) Additional responsibility.-If a State assumes responsibility under subparagraph (A)-
(i) the Secretary may assign to the State, and the State may assume, all or part of the responsibilities of the Secretary for environmental review, consultation, or other action required under any Federal environmental law pertaining to the review or approval of a specific project;
(ii) at the request of the State, the Secretary may also assign to the State, and the State may assume, the responsibilities of the Secretary with respect to 1 or more railroad, public transportation, or multimodal projects within the State under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);
(iii) in a State that has assumed the responsibilities of the Secretary under clause (ii), a recipient of assistance under chapter 53 of title 49 may request that the Secretary maintain the responsibilities of the Secretary with respect to 1 or more public transportation projects within the State under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); but
(iv) the Secretary may not assign-
(I) any responsibility imposed on the Secretary by section 134 or 135 or section 5303 or 5304 of title 49; or
(II) responsibility for any conformity determination required under section 176 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7506).
(C) Procedural and substantive requirements.-A State shall assume responsibility under this section subject to the same procedural and substantive requirements as would apply if that responsibility were carried out by the Secretary.
(D) Federal responsibility.-Any responsibility of the Secretary not explicitly assumed by the State by written agreement under this section shall remain the responsibility of the Secretary.
(E) No effect on authority.-Nothing in this section preempts or interferes with any power, jurisdiction, responsibility, or authority of an agency, other than the Department of Transportation, under applicable law (including regulations) with respect to a project.
(F) Preservation of flexibility.-The Secretary may not require a State, as a condition of participation in the program, to forego project delivery methods that are otherwise permissible for projects.
(G) Legal fees.-A State assuming the responsibilities of the Secretary under this section for a specific project may use funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(2) for attorneys' fees directly attributable to eligible activities associated with the project, including the payment of fees awarded under section 2412 of title 28.
(b) State Participation.-
(1) Participating states.-All States are eligible to participate in the program.
(2) Application.-Not later than 270 days after the date on which amendments to this section by the MAP-21 take effect, the Secretary shall amend, as appropriate, regulations that establish requirements relating to information required to be contained in any application of a State to participate in the program, including, at a minimum-
(A) the projects or classes of projects for which the State anticipates exercising the authority that may be granted under the program;
(B) verification of the financial resources necessary to carry out the authority that may be granted under the program; and
(C) evidence of the notice and solicitation of public comment by the State relating to participation of the State in the program, including copies of comments received from that solicitation.
(3) Public notice.-
(A) In general.-Each State that submits an application under this subsection shall give notice of the intent of the State to participate in the program not later than 30 days before the date of submission of the application.
(B) Method of notice and solicitation.-The State shall provide notice and solicit public comment under this paragraph by publishing the complete application of the State in accordance with the appropriate public notice law of the State.
(4) Selection criteria.-The Secretary may approve the application of a State under this section only if-
(A) the regulatory requirements under paragraph (2) have been met;
(B) the Secretary determines that the State has the capability, including financial and personnel, to assume the responsibility; and
(C) the head of the State agency having primary jurisdiction over highway matters enters into a written agreement with the Secretary described in subsection (c).
(5) Other federal agency views.-If a State applies to assume a responsibility of the Secretary that would have required the Secretary to consult with another Federal agency, the Secretary shall solicit the views of the Federal agency before approving the application.
(c) Written Agreement.-A written agreement under this section shall-
(1) be executed by the Governor or the top-ranking transportation official in the State who is charged with responsibility for highway construction;
(2) be in such form as the Secretary may prescribe;
(3) provide that the State-
(A) agrees to assume all or part of the responsibilities of the Secretary described in subsection (a);
(B) expressly consents, on behalf of the State, to accept the jurisdiction of the Federal courts for the compliance, discharge, and enforcement of any responsibility of the Secretary assumed by the State;
(C) certifies that State laws (including regulations) are in effect that-
(i) authorize the State to take the actions necessary to carry out the responsibilities being assumed; and
(ii) are comparable to section 552 of title 5, including providing that any decision regarding the public availability of a document under those State laws is reviewable by a court of competent jurisdiction; and
(D) agrees to maintain the financial resources necessary to carry out the responsibilities being assumed;
(4) require the State to provide to the Secretary any information the Secretary reasonably considers necessary to ensure that the State is adequately carrying out the responsibilities assigned to the State;
(5) except as provided under paragraph (7), have a term of not more than 5 years;
(6) be renewable; and
(7) for any State that has participated in a program under this section (or under a predecessor program) for at least 10 years, have a term of 10 years.
(d) Jurisdiction.-
(1) In general.-The United States district courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any civil action against a State for failure to carry out any responsibility of the State under this section.
(2) Legal standards and requirements.-A civil action under paragraph (1) shall be governed by the legal standards and requirements that would apply in such a civil action against the Secretary had the Secretary taken the actions in question.
(3) Intervention.-The Secretary shall have the right to intervene in any action described in paragraph (1).
(e) Effect of Assumption of Responsibility.-A State that assumes responsibility under subsection (a)(2) shall be solely responsible and solely liable for carrying out, in lieu of and without further approval of the Secretary, the responsibilities assumed under subsection (a)(2), until the program is terminated as provided in subsection (j).
(f) Limitations on Agreements.-Nothing in this section permits a State to assume any rulemaking authority of the Secretary under any Federal law.
(g) Audits.-
(1) In general.-To ensure compliance by a State with any agreement of the State under subsection (c) (including compliance by the State with all Federal laws for which responsibility is assumed under subsection (a)(2)), for each State participating in the program under this section, the Secretary shall-
(A) not later than 180 days after the date of execution of the agreement, meet with the State to review implementation of the agreement and discuss plans for the first annual audit;
(B) conduct annual audits during each of the first 4 years of State participation;
(C) in the case of an agreement period of greater than 5 years pursuant to subsection (c)(7), conduct an audit covering the first 5 years of the agreement period; and
(D) ensure that the time period for completing an audit, from initiation to completion (including public comment and responses to those comments), does not exceed 180 days.
(2) Public availability and comment.-
(A) In general.-An audit conducted under paragraph (1) shall be provided to the public for comment.
(B) Response.-Not later than 60 days after the date on which the period for public comment ends, the Secretary shall respond to public comments received under subparagraph (A).
(3) Audit team.-
(A) In general.-An audit conducted under paragraph (1) shall be carried out by an audit team determined by the Secretary, in consultation with the State, in accordance with subparagraph (B).
(B) Consultation.-Consultation with the State under subparagraph (A) shall include a reasonable opportunity for the State to review and provide comments on the proposed members of the audit team.
(h) Monitoring.-After the fourth year of the participation of a State in the program, the Secretary shall monitor compliance by the State with the written agreement, including the provision by the State of financial resources to carry out the written agreement.
(i) Report to Congress.-The Secretary shall submit to Congress an annual report that describes the administration of the program.
(j) Termination.-
(1) Termination by secretary.-The Secretary may terminate the participation of any State in the program if-
(A) the Secretary determines that the State is not adequately carrying out the responsibilities assigned to the State;
(B) the Secretary provides to the State-
(i) a notification of the determination of noncompliance;
(ii) a period of not less than 120 days to take such corrective action as the Secretary determines to be necessary to comply with the applicable agreement; and
(iii) on request of the Governor of the State, a detailed description of each responsibility in need of corrective action regarding an inadequacy identified under subparagraph (A); and
(C) the State, after the notification and period provided under subparagraph (B), fails to take satisfactory corrective action, as determined by the Secretary.
(2) Termination by the state.-The State may terminate the participation of the State in the program at any time by providing to the Secretary a notice by not later than the date that is 90 days before the date of termination, and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may provide.
(k) Capacity Building.-The Secretary, in cooperation with representatives of State officials, may carry out education, training, peer-exchange, and other initiatives as appropriate-
(1) to assist States in developing the capacity to participate in the assignment program under this section; and
(2) to promote information sharing and collaboration among States that are participating in the assignment program under this section.
(l) Relationship to Locally Administered Projects.-A State granted authority under this section may, as appropriate and at the request of a local government-
(1) exercise such authority on behalf of the local government for a locally administered project; or
(2) provide guidance and training on consolidating and minimizing the documentation and environmental analyses necessary for sponsors of a locally administered project to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and any comparable requirements under State law.
(m) Agency Deemed to Be Federal Agency.-A State agency that is assigned a responsibility under an agreement under this section shall be deemed to be an agency for the purposes of section 2412 of title 28.
(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6005(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1868 ; amended Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2203(c), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3526 ; Pub. L. 112–140, title I, §101(e)(1), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 392 ; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1313(a)–(h), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 545–547 ; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §§1308, 1446(d)(3), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1390 , 1438; Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11313, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 539 .)
References in Text
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A), (B)(ii), (iii) and (l)(2), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852 , which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
The date on which amendments to this section by the MAP-21 take effect, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
2021-Subsec. (a)(2)(G). Pub. L. 117–58, §11313(1), inserted ", including the payment of fees awarded under section 2412 of title 28" before period at end.
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 117–58, §11313(2)(A), added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "have a term of not more than 5 years; and".
Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 117–58, §11313(2)(B), (C), added par. (7).
Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §11313(3)(A), struck out "and" at end.
Subsec. (g)(1)(C). Pub. L. 117–58, §11313(3)(D), added subpar. (C). Former subpar. (C) redesignated (D).
Pub. L. 117–58, §11313(3)(B), struck out "annual" before "audit,".
Subsec. (g)(1)(D). Pub. L. 117–58, §11313(3)(C), redesignated subpar. (C) as (D).
Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 117–58, §11313(4), added subsec. (m).
2015-Pub. L. 114–94, §1446(d)(3), amended directory language of Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(a)(1). See 2012 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 114–94, §1308(1), substituted "(42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)" for "(42 U.S.C. 13 4321 et seq.)".
Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 114–94, §1308(2), inserted "reasonably" before "considers necessary".
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–94, §1308(3), inserted "and without further approval of" after "in lieu of".
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §1308(4)(A), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "To ensure compliance by a State with any agreement of the State under subsection (c) (including compliance by the State with all Federal laws for which responsibility is assumed under subsection (a)(2)), for each State participating in the program under this section, the Secretary shall conduct-
"(A) semiannual audits during each of the first 2 years of State participation; and
"(B) annual audits during each of the third and fourth years of State participation."
Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, §1308(4)(B), added par. (3).
Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §1308(5), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary may terminate the participation of any State in the program if-
"(A) the Secretary determines that the State is not adequately carrying out the responsibilities assigned to the State;
"(B) the Secretary provides to the State-
"(i) notification of the determination of noncompliance; and
"(ii) a period of at least 30 days during which to take such corrective action as the Secretary determines is necessary to comply with the applicable agreement; and
"(C) the State, after the notification and period provided under subparagraph (B), fails to take satisfactory corrective action, as determined by the Secretary."
Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 114–94, §1308(6), added subsecs. (k) and (l).
2012-Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(a)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 114–94, §1446(d)(3), struck out "pilot" before "program" in section catchline.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(a)(2), struck out "pilot" before "program (referred to".
Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(ii) to (iv). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(b)(1), added cls. (ii) to (iv) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "the Secretary may not assign-
"(I) responsibility for any conformity determination required under section 176 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7506); or
"(II) any responsibility imposed on the Secretary by section 134 or 135."
Subsec. (a)(2)(F), (G). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(b)(2), added subpars. (F) and (G).
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(c)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary may permit not more than 5 States (including the States of Alaska, California, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Texas) to participate in the program."
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(c)(2), substituted "date on which amendments to this section by the MAP-21 take effect, the Secretary shall amend, as appropriate," for "date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall promulgate" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(d), added pars. (4) to (6).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(e), substituted "subsection (j)" for "subsection (i)".
Subsec. (g)(1)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(f), substituted "of the third and fourth years" for "subsequent year".
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(g)(2), added subsec. (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(g)(1), redesignated subsec. (h) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).
Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 112–140 substituted "September 30, 2012" for "the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this section".
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(h), amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (j) related to termination of the original pilot program on Sept. 30, 2012, and termination of State participation by the Secretary.
Pub. L. 112–141, §1313(g)(1), redesignated subsec. (i) as (j).
2010-Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 111–322 substituted "7 years after" for "6 years after".
Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Except as otherwise provided, amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1446(d), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1438 , provided that the amendment made by section 1446(d)(3) is effective as of July 6, 2012, and as if included in Pub. L. 112–141 as enacted.
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
Pub. L. 112–140, title I, §101(e)(2), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 392 , provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in section 101 of the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012 [Pub. L. 112–102] and shall not be subject to the special rule in section 1(c) of this Act [set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title]."


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