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A Sievmaster Segregator Linear Screener with a specially designed perspex lid was the machine of choice for screening undersize capsules.


text:
Imprint Overview
HarperCollins Worldwide
HarperCollins Children's Books
Harper Audio
HarperFiction
HarperNonFiction
Mudlark
The Borough Press
William Collins
Press Releases & Reports
HarperCollins is one of Britain's largest book distributors, operating our distribution centre in Glasgow, Scotland.
We not only publish and distribute our own titles; we also act as a third-party distributor for publishing clients, with more than 50% of the volume dispatched being on behalf of our clients.
The site has two DC's with a combined area of 70,000msq or 750k sq. ft. The site itself covers over 110 acres.
Our site comprises some 97,000 pallet locations, holding in the region of 50m books in stock and dispatches between 1.5 million and 3 million books per week.
The site is also highly automated, using advanced sortation equipment, as well as sophisticated voice picking technology driving both picking efficiency and accuracy.
We have invested significantly in our Operational Infrastructure over the last few years, implementing a new Warehouse Management System (Nexus), a new Order to Cash System (CDS) and Oracle Financials (OF).
We have Environmental ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 accreditations, an International Safety Award and have been accredited under the BIC Supply Chain Excellence Award Scheme.
If you would like to receive further details regarding the distribution services we offer, please contact:
Vivienne Clay, Business Development/Client Services Director
Email: [email protected] or [email protected] or
For order, payment, delivery or returns enquiries please contact the Customer Services team:
Westerhill Road
G64 2QT
Please find our Terms and Conditions of Supply here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As of TastyIgniter 2.0 or later, When a new version of TastyIgniter is available you will receive an update message in your TastyIgniter Admin Panel. All you have to do to update TastyIgniter is to click the Update notification button at the right top. After that you will be redirected to the Update Center page.
There are two methods for updating - the easiest is through the Update Center, which will work in most cases. If it doesn't work, or you just prefer to be more hands-on, you can follow the manual update process.
Before you get started, it's a good idea to back up your website. This means if there are any issues you can restore your website.
Visit your TastyIgniter admin page at /admin. Go to Maintenance under System -> Tools and Select tables to backup then click the Backup button. On the next page, make sure Add DROP TABLE statement is No, click the Backup button again and your backed up database file will appear under the Exisiting Backups Tab. You can download and keep the file on your computer.
Backup your files using FTP clients or cPanel filemanager to copy or create a zip of all the existing TastyIgniter files and folders.
The upgrade process will affect all files and folders included in the TastyIgniter installation. This includes all the core files used to run TastyIgniter. If you have made any modifications to those files, your changes will be lost.
Visit your TastyIgniter admin maintenance page. Under Exisiting Backups tab click the Restore button next to the database backup you wish to restore.
If the one-click upgrade doesn't work for you, don't panic! Just try a manual update.
Using your FTP client, upload all the files and folders inside the TastyIgniter-2.x.x folder to your web host. Uploading all the files might take a few minutes on the FTP client.
Do NOT replace/overwrite your existing system/tastyigniter/config/database.php file.
After uploading the files of the new version to your web host, visit the setup page at "/setup" like: www.myrestaurant.com/setup. Following the instructions on the setup page will update your database to be compatible with the latest code.
Clear your site (if enabled) and browser cache at this point so the changes will go live immediately. Otherwise, visitors to your site (including you) will continue to see the old version (until the cache updates).
Your TastyIgniter installation is successfully updated..
After UPDATE make sure your layout modules are displaying on the storefront. You can use the new layout modules drag and drop under Design > Layouts.
BACKUP YOUR EXISTING STORE FILES AND DATABASE!!
Download the latest version of TastyIgniter and upload ALL new files on top of your current install EXCEPT your system/tastyigniter/config/database.php.
Make sure your system/tastyigniter/config/database.php old file was not overwritten.
Go to http://myrestaurant.com/ Replacing myrestaurant.com with your actual site (and subdirectory if applicable).
You should see the TastyIgniter Setup script.
Click Continue. After a few seconds you should see the installation success page.
If you see the database configuration and/or site settings TastyIgniter Setup page, then that means you have replaced your old system/tastyigniter/config/database.php file. Restore them from your backup first. Then try again.
Go to the administrator panel and login as the main administrator. Press Ctrl+F5 3x times to refresh your browser cache. That will prevent oddly shifted elements due to stylesheet changes.
If you see any errors, report them immediately in the forum before continuing.
Update any blank fields and click save.
If you have any upgrade script errors, post them in the forum You should always visit the forum immediately after a fresh upgrade to see if there are any immediate bug fixes If nobody has reported your bug, then please report it.


John Farrell, ex-Cleveland pitcher, recent Toronto manager and former Red Sox pitching coach (2007-2010) took the Red Sox manager job. What's the over/under on how many games he's expected to win this coming season? Mike Aviles went to Toronto as part of the negotiation for Farrell's services, making it likely the Sox will be looking to pick up a free-agent shortstop – Scutaro? – or would they give rookie Jose Iglesias a shot at the starting job?
And Scutaro was one of the few, along with Ellsbury, to actually have an awesome September that year. But count me disinterested. Just a little too old, even if his NLCS was amazing. I'd consider a one-year if he was cheap enough, I suppose. But that seems unlikely.
Farrell: have no idea. Never got an idea of his in-game abilities with Toronto or anything. Didn't have amazing material to work with in BJ town I don't think (some people got better–Encarnacion and some got worse–Romero–under his management). I'm sure he'll do better with the media than Bobby V. But I'm pretty sure Charles Manson would do better with the media than Bobby V.
Agree with much that you've each said re: farrell. I don't know much about him but it sounds like he'll come in with the respect of a number of the players and with knowledge of what it's like to manage in the ALEast. Having said that, I never understood why Cherrington so coveted him going back to last year. He's not a guy I heard much about in other manager searches but having had direct experience with him in Boston as a coach, perhaps they have insights into what he'd bring that others just don't. Regardless, the Boston-nightmare that was Bobby V is now gone, and I have to imagine every single SF in the world is happy about that. Literally.
It is a fantastic phrase at which I have marveled since I first heard it. It's simply loaded.


Is there a con side of opt out program (organ donation, body to medicine)? See detail.
Is FDA changing the name of a pharmaceutical because its misleading name?
What do you eat when it hurts to swallow?
Do Q tips packages have "do not use to clean ear" label?
If knowledge answers the question "what" and understanding answers the question "why" while wisdom answers the question "how" - what question does imagination answer?
What does a broken toe feel like?
Which cough syrup works best for when the throat is also itchy and there is chest tightness?
Can you please tell me more info into amyloid beta to be that could be used to treat antibiotic resistant super bugs?
Why is it necessary to test what would happen if someone swallows a LEGO piece?
How does one use a candy coating machine with a panner?
What does it mean if you have a momentary feeling of fainting?
Where can liquorice (edible) be found other than the corner stores or maybe supermarkets?
Do painkillers do something for sleeping deep?
[Possibly NSFW] Is stool supposed to come out sausage- or snake-shaped, and not in little balls?


Easy File Converter is an extension that was created by Polarity Technologies Ltd. This company has created a ton of other potentially unwanted programs (PUP), such as My Utility Box, and browser hijackers that accompany them, including Search.hmyutilitybox.co or Search.hdigitalcointracker.net. Trusting the software created by this company is not recommended by our research team because it was not created to assist users. The extensions serve only one purpose, and that is to introduce Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Chrome users to the hijackers. And the hijackers were created to expose users to an unreliable search tool that redirects to Yahoo Search to showcase sponsored content. The creator utilizes a well-known search engine to trick users into thinking that interacting with the results is safe, but it might be the opposite of that. If you are interested in learning more, please keep reading. If you want to remove Easy File Converter as quickly as possible, use the guide available below.
The suspicious Easy File Converter is presented at easyfileconverter.com, but Chrome users can download it from chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/easy-file-converter/docbdkefdologaagieallljeedjpdlfk as well. Unfortunately, most PUPs created by Polarity Technologies Ltd. are promoted via the respectable Chrome web store. Of course, just because something is offered via a source that also offers a ton of legitimate and truly beneficial tools, that does not mean that that 'something' is trustworthy. Because users are more and more careful when it comes to suspicious and unfamiliar extensions, the creators of unreliable software usually rely on bundled installers to promote their tools. According to our research, Easy File Converter could be bundled with malware and other potentially unwanted programs that deserve removal. Therefore, if you have downloaded this extension, scanning the operating system is strongly advised. Needless to say, you need to delete all threats; otherwise, you will remain at risk. Of course, even if the PUP is the only piece that is classified as a threat, you should not waste time. It is crucial that you remove Search.easyfileconverter.com from the affected browsers immediately.
Search.easyfileconverter.com is the browser hijacker that Easy File Converter introduces its users to. It was found that the interface of this hijacker is identical to Search.searchfefc.com, Search.searchfefc2.com, and Search.searchfefc3.com. All of them are linked to the same extension, and they are meant to help users convert DOC to PDF and PDF to DOC files. To conceal the fact that the tool is useless, the hijacker provides easy-access links to quickfileconverting.com and online-convert.com, where the user can convert files. Besides that, the hijacker also offers links to Amazon, Walmart, and Gmail sites. Although you might find the extension to be useful because of that, the hijacker represents a search tool that simply cannot be trusted. As mentioned before, it redirects to Yahoo Search. Besides the fact that that is done without permission or warning, the results are modified. The parties whose links are promoted are unknown, which means there is a possibility that the added links are malicious. It is possible that the added results could be based on your browsing history, which the PUP/hijacker can track using web cookies. If you want to delete them, you need to clear browsing data via a menu that can be opened by tapping keys Ctrl+Shift+Delete.
Uninstall Easy File Converter via the Control Panel if you installed it via Internet Explorer, or remove it from the Extensions menus on Chrome and Firefox. If you are not sure how to delete Easy File Converter, follow the instructions below. Hopefully, that is all you need to do; however, if other threats are found, you should install a trustworthy anti-malware program to have them eliminated. You really should invest in a good, well-rounded anti-malware tool because it can help you protect your operating system as well. If you want to try to clean the operating system manually, look up manual removal guides on this website, and if any questions pop up, add them to the comments section. Most important, be more cautious when downloading new applications, programs, and extensions in the future because you do not want to face unwanted software again.
Open the Windows menu from the Taskbar and click Control Panel.
Select Uninstall a program/Add or Remove programs.
Identify the undesirable application, select it, and click Uninstall/Remove.
Find the extension called Converter and then click the Remove button next to it.
Select More tools and then Extensions to access the menu of installed add-ons.
Click the recycle bin next to the unwanted extension and then select Remove.
Quick & tested solution for Easy File Converter removal.


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You may request details of personal information which we hold about you under the Data Protection Act 1998. A small fee will be payable. If you would like a copy of the information held on you please write to Gaming Nerds Suite 2, 4 Blenheim Court, Peppercorn Close, Peterborough, PE1 2DU.


text:
Ht: 6' 2" Wt: 238 Age: 28 Exp: 6 years College: Mississippi State Drafted: 2016 R4 135
Michael Gallup, WR
Position Rank: 6th
Week 19 vs SF
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott and the rest of the regulars will play in Week 18 as owner Jerry Jones said the team will 'play to win.'
Huddle Up: Prescott will be an upper-middle QB1 against the Philadelphia Eagles.
Posted: 1/03/2022 5:36 am GMT
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott finished 24-of-38 for 226 yards and three touchdowns in Week 17 against the Arizona Cardinals. He also rushed for a team-high 20 yards on five carries.
Huddle Up: Prescott also fumbled three times, losing one. He was able to put up strong fantasy numbers courtesy of a fourth-quarter rally, but the first three quarters were hard to watch for Dallas fans and fantasy managers alike. The lack of a ground game didn't help matters, but the fact of the matter is that the Cowboys didn't play or coach with near enough urgency in a game that could have kept them in the running for the NFC's No. 2 seed. Consider Prescott a serviceable QB1 option in Week 18 versus the Philadelphia Eagles.
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott finished 28-of-39 for 330 yards and four touchdowns in Week 16 versus the Washington Football Team. Prescott also ran for 21 yards on four carries.
Huddle Up: Prescott ended a three-game stretch in which threw for exactly one touchdown each time by throwing for all four of his scores during a 42-point first half. It didn't hurt that Washington offered so little resistance defensively. Prescott did not do much in the second half, but he had already advanced most of his fantasy managers into their championship games by that point. He should be considered a strong QB1 option in Week 17 against the Arizona Cardinals.
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott completed 28-of-37 passes for 217 yards, one touchdown and no interceptions in Week 15 against the New York Giants.
Huddle Up: It wasn't a great fantasy performance for Prescott, as the Giants showed surprising effort on the defensive side of the football. He'll look to bounce back against the Washington Football Team on Sunday night in Week 16.
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott completed 22-of-39 passes for 211 yards, one touchdown and two interceptions in Week 14 against the Washington Football Team.
Huddle Up: Prescott will look to bounce back on the road in Week 15 against the New York Giants. He had 302 passing yards and three scores against the G-Men in the first meeting on Oct. 10.
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott completed 26 of his 40 passes for 238 yards, 1 TD and 1 INT against the New Orleans Saints on Thursday, Dec. 2.
Huddle Up: While the Cowboys moved to 8-4 on the season with a 27-17 win, Prescott and the offense weren't particularly impressive, making just enough big plays to get the win. That was especially true in the running game where Ezekiel Elliott couldn't get anything going, but Tony Pollard and CeeDee Lamb gained 104 yards on two carries. The passing game was much the same, moments of brilliance mixed in with long bouts of mediocrity. Bottom line, Prescott, who hasn't thrown for more than two TDs in a game since Oct. 17, needs to play better. He should remain serviceable as a QB1 at Washington in Week 14.
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott completed 32 of his 47 pass attempts for 375 yards and two touchdowns and added a three-yard run in a 36-33 loss to the Las Vegas Raiders in Week 12.
Huddle Up: Although the Cowboys lost, Prescott was able to bounce back from a rough Week 11 showing against the Kansas City Chiefs. Even with injuries to his receiving corps, Prescott is a QB1.
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott completed 28-of-43 passes for 216 yards, no touchdowns and two interceptions in Week 11 against the Kansas City Chiefs.
Huddle Up: Prescott and the Cowboys had managed at least two touchdowns in every game this season, but were held out of the end zone completely in this one. Dak and the Cowboys will look to bounce back against the Las Vegas Raiders on Thanksgiving.
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott went 24-for-31 for 296 yards and two touchdowns against the Atlanta Falcons in Week 10. He also rushed for five yards and one touchdown on two carries during the game.
Huddle Up: Prescott had a bounce back performance this week and has thrown at least two touchdowns in each of the last six games. He may be involved in a high-scoring game next week against the Kansas City Chiefs and should be a No. 1 quarterback in all leagues.
Dallas Cowboys QB Dak Prescott went 19-for-39 for 232 yards, two touchdowns and one interception against the Denver Broncos in Week 9.
Huddle Up: Prescott returned to the lineup after a one-game absence and threw at least two touchdowns for the sixth time in seven games. He should have success next week against the Atlanta Falcons and should be a No. 1 quarterback in all leagues.


I am very concerned about the consistency, or lack thereof, of the National Integrity Action (NIA) in its recent calls for Prime Minister Andrew Holness to act with regards to what is being called the Petrojam scandal. Calls are being made for the prime minister to remove Minister Andrew Wheatley from the Cabinet, among other strikes.
While some of the calls may be justifiable by layman's standards, what of the principle of natural justice and due process?
Isn't the NIA oneof the so-called independent bodies investigating the issues at Petrojam. And, if so, have they concluded their investigations? And if they have, what are the findings?
This same NIA is not equally vociferous on matters which they have pronounced on in the past.
For example, remember the People's National Party's campaign finance missing funds saga? How is it that there were no calls for resignations or someone to give account for the funds? Didn't the leader of the Opposition declare he was going to conduct an investigation and make the findings public? What has happen to that?
The Office of the Contractor General report on the constituency of Lisa Hanna concluded that there were issues there that warranted the investigation of the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, yet she is still a part of the Opposition shadow Cabinet. I hear no calls for her to be removed from her posts in the party or Parliament, although the Office of the Contractor General has completed investigations and has concluded the matter.
Finally, the People's National Party has been making heavy weather about people being removed from positions in the public sector and are being replaced by partisans. How is it no one is asking them how these people (the ones being removed) were employed in the first place? Was it not on a partisan basis?
I agree two wrongs doesn't make a right; however, the hypocrisy must stop and the NIA and others must be consistent in their actions/calls or no one will take them seriously.


text:
Terms: Science -- Education
Terms: gems -- identification
Terms: navigation -- ships
Terms: James Ferguson
H. Tinsey & Co., London (43)
Burndy Library, Norwalk, CT (16)
Henry Wild, Ld., Heerbrugg, Switzerland (12)
Henry Wild Surveying Instruments Supply Co., Ltd., Heerbrugg, Sw (9)
The Ealing Corporation, Cambridge, MA (4)
Burndy Library, New York (3)
C. F. Casella & Co. Ltd., London (3)
Max Kohl A. G., Chemnitz, Germany (3)
Chiswick Press, London (2)
The Burndy Library, Norwalk, CT (2)
Universal Scientific Company, Inc., Vincennes, IN (2)
W. G. Pye & Co., Cambridge (2)
Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, Germany (2)
Éditions du Journal Suisse d'Horlogerie et de Bijouterie, Neucha (2)
C5-B1 (175)
Scientific Instruments -- Catalogues (54)
H. Tinsey & Co. (43)
Scientific Instruments -- Catalogue (29)
Henry Wild Ld., Heerbrugg (23)
Bern Dibner (7)
History of Science -- Libraries (7)
Telegraphy (7)
Advanced Theory of Electricity and Magnetism: A Text-Book for Colleges and Technical Schools
The Age of Electricity: From Amber-Soul to Telephone
Agricola On Metals
Alphabet of Electricity for the Use of Beginners
The Alternate Current Transformer in Theory and Practice
"Amber Forever!": Electricity on the Merrimack in New Hampshire


Boy Stripes - Personalised Candles designed for you. Urgent orders welcome.
This candle features soft striped grey and blue wall paper framing a stork motif with a blue ribbon to create the muted tones. Also available in soft pink and blue hues with a pink ribbon.


text:
An Easy Mark
By Margaret Goldik
A review of An Easy Mark by Sheila Kindellan-sheehan
Sheila Kindellan-sheehan
Redlader Publishing
Caitlin Donovan, heroine of Sands Motel and Cutting Corners, has gone through gut-wrenching adventures with her family and her best friend Carmen. All she wants now is to get on with her life, and to enjoy her appointment as a professor at Concordia University. But peace and quiet are not in the cards. One of her students tries to blackmail her into giving him answers to an exam. Soon after, another professor is stabbed to death on the street. Another is beaten. Investigator Claude Remay, familiar to readers of Cutting Corners, has a few suspects, and turns up facets of these peoples' lives that surprise everyone.
In the meantime, Caitlin's mother, still emotionally fragile after the death of her son, becomes the target of a lovelorn stalker, and has to extricate herself from this dangerous morass alone, while her husband is away burying his grief in work. The threads of the several stories come together in a powerful and frightening dénouement. Kindellan-Sheehan's writing gets better and better. mRb
Margaret Goldik is a former editor of the Montreal Review of Books.


text:
Q: How to change Laravel/Vus Js axios base url after compiling to production After compiling into production of my laravel/vue js app.I cannot be able to change the base url of axios from Laravel .env file. The App url will be different in my production environment from domain to domain so it will not be static. So I need something where i can change the app url without compiling the vue js app by passing the url in laravel .env file.
Here is my .env file of Laravel
APP_NAME=Laravel
APP_ENV=local
APP_KEY=base64:+1UuTZrn8kYTWJGunXF4dxMoIwSIDfGMp8j4iQjkwgo=
APP_DEBUG=true
APP_URL=http://localhost/pos
MIX_APP_URL="${APP_URL}"

LOG_CHANNEL=stack
LOG_DEPRECATIONS_CHANNEL=null
LOG_LEVEL=debug

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=medix_v4
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=

BROADCAST_DRIVER=log
CACHE_DRIVER=file
FILESYSTEM_DISK=local
QUEUE_CONNECTION=sync
SESSION_DRIVER=file
SESSION_LIFETIME=120

MEMCACHED_HOST=127.0.0.1

REDIS_HOST=127.0.0.1
REDIS_PASSWORD=null
REDIS_PORT=6379

MAIL_MAILER=smtp
MAIL_HOST=mailhog
MAIL_PORT=1025
MAIL_USERNAME=null
MAIL_PASSWORD=null
MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null
MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS="hello@example.com"
MAIL_FROM_NAME="${APP_NAME}"

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=
AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1
AWS_BUCKET=
AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT=false

PUSHER_APP_ID=
PUSHER_APP_KEY=
PUSHER_APP_SECRET=
PUSHER_HOST=
PUSHER_PORT=443
PUSHER_SCHEME=https
PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER=mt1

VITE_PUSHER_APP_KEY="${PUSHER_APP_KEY}"
VITE_PUSHER_HOST="${PUSHER_HOST}"
VITE_PUSHER_PORT="${PUSHER_PORT}"
VITE_PUSHER_SCHEME="${PUSHER_SCHEME}"
VITE_PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER="${PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER}"

Here the axios setting that i am using
 const token = localStorage.getItem("store_token");
    if (token) {
        axios.defaults.headers.common["Authorization"] = `Bearer ${token}`;
    }

    const API_URL = process.env.MIX_APP_URL;

    //axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost/pos/backend/';
    axios.defaults.baseURL = API_URL;

    // axios.defaults.withCredentials = true;
    const options = {};
    //options.baseURL = config.SERVER_URL;
   // options.baseURL = '';
    options.timeout = 60000;
    options.params = {}; // do not remove this, its added to add params later in the config
    const instance = axios.create(options)

A: You can use different versions of .env with names like .env.local, and .env.production if you want to compile for different versions. More details on: https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/configuration#additional-environment-files
you need to pass command --env=local this way.
Or, you could also set up a deploy command on your server, whenever code is deployed run num run prod on the server, make sure you have the correct app URL on that .env of the production server.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Diablo Canyon nuclear plant. Photograph by Nick Kocharhook.
Our Non-Nuclear Future
All we need is the political will to fight for serious public investment in sustainable energy.
By Norman Solomon | July 25, 2011
Several decades ago, three expert nuclear engineers told a congressional panel why they decided to quit: "We could no longer justify devoting our life energies to the continued development and expansion of nuclear fission power — a system we believe to be so dangerous that it now threatens the very existence of life on this planet."
The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy heard that testimony in 1977, when the conventional wisdom was still hailing "the peaceful atom" as a flawless marvel. During the same year, solid information convinced me to move from concern to action against nuclear power.
By the time the 1979 accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant came close to rendering much of central Pennsylvania uninhabitable, I was nearly two years into full-time anti-nuclear work that included public education, civic activism, and nonviolent direct action. Given what was at stake, I didn't mind spending a month in jail for civil disobedience.
More than 30 years later, the ongoing disaster at Japan's Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear reactors underscores the grim realities of nuclear power, ranging from catastrophic reactor accidents to highly radioactive waste that will remain deadly for many thousands of years.
Such inherent dangers are all too close to home in California. My home state's two nuclear power plants — Diablo Canyon at San Luis Obispo and San Onofre farther south — are both located on major earthquake faults along the coast.
The overall record of Diablo Canyon's owner and operator, utility company PG&E, hardly inspires confidence. And recent events in Japan showed that official assurances can become worthless after a big quake and tsunami.
Continuing radioactive leaks from Fukushima are extensive and multifaceted. The authoritative journal Nature reported in late May that "some scientists are simply floating the idea of turning Fukushima into a nuclear graveyard," but "given the plant's location on the coast, storing the waste there for millennia may be unrealistic."
Here at home, I fundamentally disagree with the official mantra that California's two nuclear power plants should keep operating while federal agencies conduct "studies" to determine whether those nukes are risky enough to warrant closure.
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Energy Department have been avidly promoting nuclear power for decades. Periodic calls for more "studies" have kicked the radioactive can down the road.
I reject the notion that we should wait for such nuclear-enthralled agencies to tell us whether nuclear power is an acceptable risk for Californians.
As the director of the National Citizens Hearings for Radiation Victims in 1980, I learned a lot about patterns of official enabling of the nuclear industry — with awful results for human health and the environment.
Similar patterns persist today.
In contrast, the German government has seen the light. Chancellor Angela Merkel has announced a reversal of policy — moving to shut down nuclear power instead of trying to expand it.
The decision to immediately close eight German nuclear power plants and shutter the rest by 2022 came in a country that had been getting 23 percent of its electricity from nukes.
Here in California, we're less reliant on this Faustian technology, getting just 15 percent of our electricity from nuclear power. The state has a lot of excess generating capacity from other sources, but far better choices for the environment are within our grasp.
Effective conservation options are readily available, and widespread use of renewable alternatives like solar power is within reach. What we need is the political will to fight for serious public investment in sustainable energy and a non-nuclear future.
Norman Solomon was a co-chair of the Commission on a Green New Deal for the North Bay. This op-ed first appeared in the Marin Independent Journal.


text:
As a spunky 7-year-old, Elliott King was ready to take on the world. Like other kids his age, he spent his days riding bikes, playing ball games, and running around the playground. Elliott's life seemed to be pretty normal until one day, in May 2017, he was diagnosed with a rare childhood hip disease called Legg-Calves Perthes. This condition occurs when blood supply to the femoral head (the ball part) of the hip joint is temporarily interrupted and the bone begins to weaken gradually, breaking apart and losing its round shape. The healing process for the disease requires long periods of crutch walking, casting of both legs, and hip surgery. For Elliott that meant he had to be non-weight bearing on his right hip for more than three years. He spent time in a broomstick cast on both legs, endured surgery, leg braces, a wheelchair, physical therapy, and walked with crutches.
"The last few years have been hard adjusting to Perthes," says Elliott. "At school, I had to use crutches or a wheelchair to get around and I couldn't run and play at recess. I had a classmate as a special helper every week that would help me carry my books and get my tray at lunch. At home, I had to wear a brace when I slept — It was hard to get comfortable. I started swimming a lot to keep my hip and legs strong while I couldn't walk. The swim team was fun!"
Although it was hard to be patient for so long while his hip was healing, it was a challenge that Elliott decided to take on with strength and grace. He has remained positive about his situation and has become a great role model for other kids his age. So much so that his teachers at Immaculate Conception school have been inspired by his good attitude.
"I just remembered that as long as I was patient that one day, I would be told I was healed. Until that day, I want to be the best person I can be."
With his never-ceasing smile and happy-go-lucky attitude, Elliot proved that he can overcome anything after receiving his surgery.
Never give up! Even when it seems like a bad day, there is always something to smile and be happy about.
Elliot King
"When I had surgery to put my legs in an A-frame cast, I remember feeling weird and different than everyone else. While I was at home in my cast, I was too wide to fit through any door. I had to lift my leg up to fit through and the cast was very heavy. The doctors and nurses did a good job of making me feel comfortable. They cheered me up. When I got my cast off finally, I remember feeling so happy to see my legs again!"
Now a strapping 12-year-old, Elliott has recently been released to walk and regain full activity with his hip and continues to work hard every day to build his strength. Despite having leg length discrepancy that sometimes may cause him to limp, he is most ambitious about being an active kid again. His favorite activities include basketball, baseball, and most of all, football. But his journey doesn't just stop with his own success. Throughout his healing, and still to this day, Elliot advocates bringing more awareness about Legg Calves Perthes, which affects one in every 1,200 children. He wants people to know that kids who battle Perthes are very tough, and they have to be willing to overcome obstacles. One day Elliott will still need a total hip replacement because of Legg Calves Perthes, but he plans to face that day with the same mindset he developed at 7 years old — with positivity and courage.
Bo Jackson because he had Perthes like me and he played lots of sports.
What's your favorite book?
My favorite book is Allies by Alan Gratz.
Favorite YouTube Channel?
Mr. Beast
What activities are you involved in? I like to play basketball, baseball, and most of all football.
What's your favorite subject in school and why?
My favorite subject is social studies because I love to know the history of things. I also love learning about wars.
Who do you like to have lunch with?
I like to meet my grandma and cousins for lunch at Freddy's.
What's your favorite thing to do in Jefferson City?
I love to go to the pool and swim.
What's your favorite movie/tv show and why?
My favorite movie is the Goonies. I like it because it is funny and it has to do a little bit with history.
If you could have one superpower, what would it be and why?
If I had to choose I would pick teleportation because I could visit monuments and places around the world.
Disney or Nickelodeon
DC or Marvel
Fruits or Vegetables
Laptop or Tablet
Pizza or Hamburgers
Michael Jordan or LeBron James
Winter or Summer
In-school or At-home classes
PE or Art
Fortnight or Minecraft
Bike or Scooter
PlayStation or Nintendo
Young Ones to Watch is Proudly Sponsored by:
Do you know a Young One to Watch? Any child up to age 18 who is doing something to spread positivity, accomplishing a challenging task, overcoming a daunting obstacle, launching an entrepreneurial endeavor, or brightening people's days is eligible to be nominated.
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Legg-Calves Perthes
Twas' the Night Before Decorating
story byDavid Brandon Chambers


text:
\section{Introduction}
The presence of shocks in accretion flows is a relevant fact in
the theory of accretion discs. Shocks are a very efficient
mechanism to produce high energy emission of radiation and to
induce strong acceleration of particles. Spiral shocks in
accretion disks in binary systems have been studied since long
time, theoretically by Spruit \citep{Spruit87}, Chakrabarti
\citep{Chakra90} and with both 2D and 3D numerical simulations
\citep{Sawada87,Taam91,blondin,Yukawa97}. Furthermore there is
increasing observational evidence of their significant role in
determining the accretion of gas in binary systems
\citep{Hachisu}. However the strength of this kind of shocks is
usually weak.

A different scenario for shock production has been proposed by
Chakrabarti \citep{Chakra90}. It has been widely tested with
numerical simulations \citep{Chakra93,Molteni94,Ryu96}. In this
view, an axisymmetric flow of gas, rotating with an angular
velocity less than keplerian (we will call it "sub-keplerian"
flow), and with small viscosity, can produce a steady shock. This
fact is mainly due to the deceleration of the radial fall and
consequent heating of the gas close to the centrifugal barrier.
Although the origin of such flows seems unclear there are
arguments to support the hypothesis that they really exist. In
galactic nuclei the ambient gas feeding the central black hole may
be quite well symmetric and with small rotation as shown by
observations \citep{Cohen97}. On the theoretical side, taking into
account also the role of the viscosity, a detailed study of the
requirements for their origin from a keplerian disk has been
produced \citep{Chakra96}. These flows may explain very well the
two frequencies in the QPO phenomenon in galactic black hole
candidates \citep{Chakra04}. So even if their direct proof of
existence is still pending, we think it is useful to study their
properties and characteristics.

In any case it seems to us that the phenomenon, despite of its
basic physical straightforwardness, has not been adequately
considered. Maybe some "unconscious" questions are raised against
their effective existence: 1) These shocks appear when the flow
has well defined parameters, derived from the analytical
treatment. 2) In the case of non ideal gas (i.e. if a real
cooling, an heating or conduction are included) the analytical
treatment is very difficult. 3) Even in the simple ideal gas case,
the standard procedure \citep{Chakra90} to derive a solution is
rather complicated: one has to compute the sonic point location
and then compute the boundary conditions on derivatives of the
radial speed, sound speed etc. \space {\it at the sonic point}
\space itself, leading to cumbersome formulae. 4) At the end of
the whole process the analytical solution is numerical and
specific for the set of the chosen parameters. So no simple
general formula, like the Shakura- Sunyaev disk structure
formulae, is available.

Another doubt is that the parameter space seems to be limited or
too compelling. Roughly speaking, people might say that the
sources of gas do not know the boundary conditions at the sonic
point or at infinity, they spread out their gas as they like. So,
for example, in bound systems, the total energy will be negative
and, up to now, only positive energy solutions have been discussed
and simulated. Even standard ADAF models (see \citet{Blandford}
and references therein), that are similar to the mentioned
sub-keplerian flows, require positive energies to fit
observational data. So what about negative energy flows? Here, we
explain that, even in this case, there are solutions admitting
permanent shocks. Obviously this does not mean that in every
sub-keplerian flow there is a standing shock at work. But when the
physical parameters of the accretion (essentially the rotation
amount and the thermal energy content) are appropriate, then the
shock process occurs and produces the relevant phenomena described
in previous references.

The arguments of the paper are given as follows: in section 2 we
revise the general accretion formulae for ideal gas with negative
energy, in Section 3 we present the results of numerical
simulations and in Section 4 we make our final discussion.

\section{Accretion of ideal gas with negative energy}
To explain the shock formation, let us resume the very basic
physical ingredients of the phenomenon. We assume that an
axisymmetric flow of an inviscid gas is falling from very large
distance onto a black hole and has reached a steady state regime.
We will adopt the Paczy\'nski \& Wiita potential \citep{Pac80} to
mimic the general relativistic physics. The basic physical effect
can be easily understood in terms of "classical" physics and it is
well known that the Paczy\'nski \& Wiita force reproduces many
relativistic effects with high accuracy. As we said in the
introduction, to obtain the steady state solution we may integrate
the differential equations for mass, momentum and energy
conservations. In this case one has to start the space integration
from the sonic point as explained in the work by \citet{Chakra90}.
However in the case of inviscid flow it is easy to find an
algebraic implicit solution, since (in this case) the total energy
is conserved. The Bernoulli theorem is valid and it can be
exploited to close the system of equations and to find the
solutions.
For the 2D case (with real Z extension of the disk) we assume that
the gas falls down in a condition of vertical equilibrium, with
essentially zero vertical speed.

The mass conservation equation is given by:
\begin{equation}
\label{1} \dot{M}=-4 \pi r H \rho v_r=const
\end{equation}

where H is the half thickness of the disk.\\
The vertical equilibrium hypothesis gives the well known
expression for the half disk thickness:
\begin{equation}
\label{2} H= {\frac {\sqrt {G{  M_{*}}\,r} \left( r-{r_g} \right)
{a}}{ G{  M_{*}}}}
\end{equation}

We could use a more accurate formula, but the results are
essentially unchanged while the formulae are more complicated.

According to the Bernoulli theorem the energy equation is given
by:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\lambda ^2}{2r^2}+\frac{1}{2}v_r^2+\epsilon\left( r\right)
+\frac{P\left( r\right) }{\rho \left( r\right) }+\Psi \left(
r\right)  &=E
\end{eqnarray}

We will look for isentropic solutions and then we will see how to
connect solutions with different entropies by shocks. For a flow
with constant entropy $S$ and with specific heat at constant
volume $C_{v}$ we may exploit the adiabatic relation:

\begin{eqnarray}
\rho={e^{-{\frac {S}{{ C_{v}}\, \left( \gamma-1 \right) }}}}
\left( {\frac { a ^2}{\gamma}} \right) ^{\frac 1 {(\gamma -1 )} }
\end{eqnarray}

that allows us to eliminate the density $\rho$ from the equations
and to use the sound speed.

So we have two unknown quantities  $v_r$, $a$ and two equations.
Resolving for $a$ from the Bernoulli relation, using the radial
Mach number $M=-\frac{v_r}a$, and putting all terms into the
continuity equation, we have the following implicit solution for
the Mach number:
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{M}=- 4 \pi A(r) f(M)
\end{eqnarray}

where  $f(M)$ is the Mach function which depends only on the $M$
values, given by:

\begin{eqnarray}
f(M)=q \frac{M}{\left[ (\gamma-1){M}^{2}+2 \right]
^{\frac{\gamma}{\gamma-1}}}
\end{eqnarray}

where $q=\left( \gamma-1 \right) ^{ \left( \gamma-1 \right)
^{-1}}$.

This function (we name it the "Mach" function) has a maximum at
$M_{max}$, whose value is $M_{max}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ 2(\gamma+1)}}$

$A$ is function only of $r$; it is given by:%

\begin{eqnarray}
A( r ) = w \ {r}^{-\frac {3+\gamma}{2 (\gamma-1)}} \left[ {r}^{2}
\left( E-1/2 \,{\frac {{L}^{2}}{{r}^{2}}}+{\frac {{\it
GM}}{r-r_{{g}}}} \right)
 \right] ^{{\frac {\gamma}{\gamma-1}}} \left( r-r_{{g}} \right)
\end{eqnarray}

with $w={2}^{{\frac { \gamma}{\gamma-1}}} \ {\gamma}^{- \left(
\gamma-1 \right) ^{-1}} \left( \gamma-1 \right) { e^{-{\frac
{S}{{\it Cv}\, \left( \gamma-1 \right) }}}}{\frac { 1  }{\sqrt
{{\it GM}}}}$.

If the E value is positive this $A(r)$ function may have two
minima. The inner minimum appears when the $\lambda$ value
increases. When the total energy of the gas is negative we expect
the system to be bound and therefore the solutions describing gas
inflow into the black hole should not extend to infinity. Now the
$A(r)$ function goes asymptotically to zero at a maximum radius
and may have a relative minimum, at the radial position $r_1$,
close to the black hole if the angular momentum is large enough.
Figure 1 shows the A function for $\lambda=1.67$ and different E
values (-0.00001, -0.00003, -0.00009, -0.00027); higher lines
correspond to larger $E$ values (smaller absolute values). Figure
2 shows the A function for the same energy $E=-0.00001$ and
different, increasing, angular momentum values (1.67, $1.67 \times
1.01$ , $1.67 \times 1.02$ , $1.67 \times 1.03$); higher lines
correspond to lower $\lambda$ values. Both figures are drawn with
$S=0$ and $r$ starting from $r=1.5$ to avoid the singularity at
$r=1$. For the same $S$ value and with $\gamma=\frac {4}{3}$ we
have the value  $w=3.181980514$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale = 0.35,angle = 270.0]{f1.eps}
\caption{A(r) function for different E values. Higher lines
correspond to larger $E$ values (smaller absolute values).}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale = 0.35,angle = 270.0]{f2.eps}
\caption{A(r) function for different angular momentum values.
Higher lines correspond to lower $\lambda$ values.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The radius $r_{0}$ at which $A(r)$ goes to zero can be found
analytically; it depends only on E and $\lambda$, not on the
$\gamma$ of the gas.

Since the product of the Mach function $f(M)$ and the $A(r)$
function must be constant along the flow and since the Mach
function has a single maximum, then the minimum of $A(r)$ at $r_1$
must be coincident with the maximum of $f(M)$.

Imposing $f(M)A(r)=f(M_{max})A(r_1)$ we obtain the solutions for
$M$. Starting from the value $f(M_{max})A(r_1)$ we may obtain a
new variety of solutions just solving for M the implicit equation
$f(M)A(r)=f(M_{max})A(r_1) \xi $. The factor $\xi$ scales the
entropy of the flow. Decreasing the value of $\xi<1$ we obtain
families of solutions with the Mach number $M$ shifted to larger
values.

For any supersonic solution $M_{sup}$, by using the Hugoniot
relation we may calculate the post shock Mach value if a shock at
a generic radius value $r$ occurred:

\begin{equation}\label{}
M_{post}=\sqrt { \left( { M_{sup}}^{2}+2\, \left(\gamma-1\right)
^{-1}
 \right)  \left( 2\,{\frac {{M_{sup}}^{2}\gamma}{\gamma-1}}-1
 \right) ^{-1}}
\end{equation}

A standing shock can occur in the solution at $r_{shock}$ if the
values $M_{post}(r_{shock})$ and $M_{sub}(r_{shock})$ are equal:

\begin{equation}\label{}
M_{sub}(r_{shock})=M_{post}(r_{shock})
\end{equation}

Among the solutions with different $\xi$ values (i.e. with
different entropy values) we will find the ones that can be
connected by a shock jump with the subsonic branch. Figure 3 shows
the solutions for the Mach number with $\gamma=4/3$,
$\lambda=1.67$ and $E=-0.00001$. The inner curve corresponds to
$\xi=1$, the larger one to $\xi=0.5$.  It is clear that the
solutions can reach a maximum radius $r_{m}=21.75$: they do not
extend to infinity. For this case the shock is at
$r_{shock}=6.85$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale = 0.35,angle = 270.0]{f3.eps}
\caption{Analytical solution with shock. Mach number versus
radius.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Numerical simulations}
We report here the results of simulations performed using a
Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamic (SPH) code in cylindrical
coordinates developed by the authors. The SPH formulae have been
reported in previous publications \citep{Chakra93}. We stress here
that a very accurate conservation of the angular momentum of the
flow is an essential condition to obtain the shock solutions. For
the numerical simulations we use dimensionless quantities. We
adopt the speed of light as reference speed and the gravitational
radius of a Schwarzschild black hole $r_{g}=2GM_{*}/c^2$ as
reference length.

The comparison of simulation data with 2D analytical solutions
requires some care. In the analytical treatment we assumed
vertical equilibrium, but numerical simulations allow the gas
motion in the vertical direction. Therefore it is quite reasonable
that the shocks, in the simulations, will not be exactly
coincident with the theoretical predicted positions. We add, as
comment, that  we made simulations also with a fictitious damping
acting only on the $v_z$ speed. The vertically damped simulations
show a shock position in better agreement with theory.

We present here the data coming from the simulation of a 2D case
with the parameters used to obtain Figure 3. This case has the
following parameters: $E=-0.00001$, $\lambda=1.67$. The shock is
predicted to be at $r_{shock}=6.85$. We chose to inject matter at
$r_{in}=20$. With this parameters the radial speed and the sound
speed at $r_{in}$ are $v_{in}=-0.09606$, $a_{in}=0.07790$
respectively. The spatial resolution of the SPH particle is
$h=0.2$. The steady state particle number is $N_{p}=63000$.

Figure 4 shows the particle distribution in the upper half of the
domain. The shock of the simulation is at $r_{shock-SPH}=8.7$.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale = 0.35,angle = 270.0]{f4.eps}
\caption{2D simulation: Particle positions.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Taking into account our previous remarks we may say that the shock
position of the 2D simulation is in good agreement with the
theory. We also report in Figure 5 the Mach value versus the
radial distance of a 1D simulation. The physical parameters for
the 1D simulation are $E=-0.003$, $\lambda=1.85$, $\gamma=5/3$;
the numerical parameters are $r_{in}=75.26$, $v_{in}=-0.04719$,
$a_{in}=0.03931$,  $h=0.125$. In this case, since there is no
vertical motion, the agreement between theory and simulation must
be exact, and effectively this occurs. For clarity, in the figure
we plotted the theoretical Mach value plus a small shift($0.05$).
The shock is at the predicted position of $r_{shock}=12.8$. The
whole shape of the curve profile is very well reproduced. Note
that the 1D solution is obtained in the same way of the 2D case,
but the functions $A(r)$ and $f(M)$ are different.
\citep{Molteni99}.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale = 0.35,angle = 270.0]{f5.eps}
\caption{1D simulation: Mach versus radial distance. The
continuous line is the theoretical one.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
With our analysis we reinforce the view that the existence of
permanent shocks around black holes is an important aspect of the
physics of accretion flows. It has been suggested that the QPO
oscillations of the X-ray luminosity of galactic black hole
candidates may arise from shock oscillations \citep{Chakra04}.Jets
of out-flowing matter may arise also from the high energetic post
shock gas driven by radiation \citep{chatto}. These shocks produce
around the central object a bulge of hot gas comptonizing the low
energy thermal emission from a cold keplerian disk. We remark that
shocks produce the hot corona in a quite natural way, while the
corona outcome or the ADAF solutions originating from keplerian
disks have been shown by Molteni et al. to be very unlikely
\citep{Molteni01adaf}.

We stress that these flows are essentially axisymmetric. So this
situation is different from the one in which the gas flow, in a
binary system, is captured from the wind originated by the normal
star. Steady shocks of this kind cannot be produced in this case
since the flow has low angular momentum, but has {\it
non-axisymmetric} configuration.

Obviously a crucial point is the question of the origin of such
symmetric sub-keplerian flows. It seems to us that this problem is
not critical for black holes in the centers of galaxies or AGN,
since in this case the star environment is nearly spherically
symmetric and with low global rotation \citep{Cohen97}. In the
case of black holes in binary systems we suggest that accretion
may occur not only from the inner lagrangian point, but also by  a
small amount of ambient gas, possessing low rotation, in the
potential well of the binary. Time dependent 3D numerical
simulations \citep{Molteni01bin} and recent observations support
this hypothesis, see \citet{smith}. Furthermore it was suggested
by Carrol \citep{carrol} that the Poynting-Roberston effect can be
efficient also to drive matter from keplerian disks even in
accretion on White Dwarfs. In the case of accretion on weakly
magnetized neutron stars it has been shown \citep{miller} that if
the luminosity of the star is  $\sim 0.2 L_{E}$  ( $L_{E}$ is the
Eddington luminosity) a substantial fraction of the accreting
matter can lose its angular momentum. We also think that, for the
binary black hole case, the disk self-illumination may produce
similar effect decreasing the angular momentum of the outer layers
of the disks. This process would be similar to the accretion
driven by radiation suggested by Ballantyne \citep{ballan} to
occur in neutron star luminosity bursts. We add a trivial
consideration: even if the inflow parameters do not correspond to
the exact analytical ones, but are close to them, steady shocks
may be still formed.

If requested, the authors can offer the software to reproduce both
the analytical and the numerical results.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Title: Unlocking America: Why and How To Reduce America's Prison Population
Author(s): James Austin; Todd Clear; Troy Duster; David F. Greenberg; John Irwin; Candace McCoy; Alan Mobley; Barbara Owen; Joshua Page
Sponsoring Agency: Gabriella and Paul Rosenbaum Foundation
JFA Institute
Sale Source: JFA Institute
5 Walter Houp Court, NE
Publisher: http://www.jfa-associates.com
Type: Legislation/Policy Analysis
Annotation: This report analyzes reasons for America's generation-long growth of imprisonment and recommends ways to reduce the Nation's prison population without adversely affecting public safety.
Abstract: The analysis of why inmate populations continue to increase concludes that it is not due to an increase in crime but rather to changes in sentencing policy that have increased the proportion of felony convictions that result in prison sentences and also in the length of prison sentences. In addition, the rate of reimprisonment for offenders has increased due to increased surveillance over those released from prison and a failure to assist in their reentry into society through support systems that facilitate their transition from prison to the community. The report's recommendations are designed to reduce the number of people sent to prison, along with the length of time spent in prison for those who are imprisoned and the period spent on probation and parole, which increases the risk for technical violations penalized by imprisonment. The recommendations essentially re-establish practices that were the norm in America for most of the 20th century, when incarceration rates were a fraction of the current rate. Recommendations for changing current sentencing laws and correctional policies have been analyzed for their practicality, cost-effectiveness, and risk for jeopardizing public safety. The recommendations would reduce time served in prison; eliminate imprisonment for parole or probation technical violators; reduce the length of parole and probation supervision periods; and decriminalize "victimless" crimes, particularly those related to drug use and abuse. If implemented nationwide, the recommendations would gradually and safely reduce the Nation's prison and jail populations to half their current size. This reduction would generate savings of an estimated $20 billion a year that could then be available for funding more promising crime-prevention strategies. 12 tables and 5 figures
Main Term(s): Correctional reform
Index Term(s): Alternatives to institutionalization; Incarceration; Long-term imprisonment; Parole violations; Prison overcrowding; Probation violations; Sentencing reform; Sentencing trends; Sentencing/Sanctions; Victimless crimes


1 The EPT unit is located on the right-hand side of the engine, behind the CFI unit (see illustration).
3 Remove the air cleaner assembly.
4 Disconnect the EPT wiring plug, and slip the unit out of its mounting bracket.
5 Detach the vacuum hose, and remove the unit from the car.


text:
Teen HPV vaccine does not spur riskier sex
Teen girls vaccinated against HPV don't catch more STDs
By Lane Blackmer
PhillyVoice Contributor
Health News Vaccines
Counter to the fears of some parents (and a few doctors), teen girls who are vaccinated against the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) do not go on to catch more sexually transmitted diseases than their peers, according to a large new study.
Some parents have been hesitant to have their teens vaccinated for fear that they would be emboldened to have more, and riskier, sex – the kind that can put them at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
The HPV vaccine has been available in the U.S. since 2006 and is recommended for all preteen boys and girls at age 11 or 12, so they have time to develop an immune response before becoming sexually active. But by 2013, less than 40 percent of U.S. girls age 13 to 17 had received all three doses of the vaccine, the authors of the new study point out.
Using the rate of STDs as an indicator of risky sexual behavior, there doesn't appear to be a connection with the vaccine, researchers say.
"The vast majority of parents don't think this is an issue," said Dr. Anupam B. Jena, who's with the Department of Health Care Policy at Harvard Medical School in Boston. "But 10 to 20 percent of parents and at least some pediatricians think that this could be an issue."
The recommended three doses of the vaccine protect against the two strains of HPV responsible for most cervical, anal and vaginal cancers. But even with the most recent data, less than half of teens have gotten the full three-shot series, Jena told Reuters Health by phone.
He and his co-authors analyzed insurance data on more than 200,000 teen girls from 2005 to 2010. Less than three percent had received the vaccine by the end of 2006, which increased to more than 25 percent by 2010.
In the year before they were vaccinated, about four of every 1,000 girls experienced a sexually transmitted disease (STD), such as Chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, human immunodeficiency virus or syphilis. Among girls who weren't vaccinated, about three of every 1,000 had contracted one of these infections in the past year.
But over the following year, STDs became more common for both groups of girls, rising to more than six of every 1,000 vaccinated teens and more than four of every 1,000 unvaccinated teens, according to results in JAMA Internal Medicine.
Because rates of these infections increased in both groups as the girls got older, the HPV vaccine was not tied to any extra increase in STDs, the authors write. Those who were vaccinated may have started having sex earlier, which led to their parents or doctors recommending the vaccine, and which would explain the higher STD rate before and after the shots, they write.
Quite a bit of research has been done on the potential 'behavioral compensation' that may follow sex education, free condom programs, or other safe-sex interventions, and it seems from most of the studies like these efforts do not lead to riskier sexual behavior, Jena said.
Still, "it's not an unreasonable concern for parents or policymakers to have," he said. "That's why you need studies like this."
Hopefully, the results of this very large study of U.S. girls will dispel some of those concerns, he said.
Some people have been uneasy with the idea of recommending an STD vaccine for kids as young as 11 or 12, according to Robert A. Bednarczyk of Emory University in Atlanta, who wrote a commentary in the journal.
"They mention not feeling comfortable talking about sex with an 11 year old," Bednarczyk told Reuters Health by phone. "But if you're giving a tetanus and diphtheria shot, are you going into extended discussions about transmission?"
Eleven and 12 year olds are already coming to the doctor for a round of routine vaccinations including a tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) booster and a vaccine against bacterial meningitis, so it makes sense to start the HPV series at the same time, he said.
"If you give the vaccine at an earlier age it provides a higher level of antibodies," Bednarczyk said.
Adolescents are going to be sexually active, so arming them with education and vaccines is important, he said.
Lane Blackmer
Read more Health News Vaccines Nation


text:
Dance Dance Revolution SuperNOVA (Dancing Stage SuperNOVA en Europa) es el noveno juego de arcade en la saga de Dance Dance Revolution. Fue producido por Konami y publicado en Estados Unidos por Betson Enterprises. El juego fue lanzado en Europa el 29 de abril de 2006, seguido por el lanzamiento en ambos Estados Unidos y Japón el 15 de mayo de ese mismo año. A diferencia de las versiones anteriores (japonesa, norteamericana y europea) se tiene las mismas características y canciones.

La versión japonesa es la novena versión tradicional del Arcade, y la primera con placa Bemani Python modo 2 y con sistema e-AMUSEMENT; La versión norteamericana es la tercera, y la primera desde Dance Dance Revolution USA en el 2000; la versión europea es la quinta, y la primera desde Dancing Stage Fusion en el 2004.

Esta versión contiene 301 canciones. De esas, 64 son completamente nuevas en DDR (incluyendo 3 "Extra Stage" y una "Encore Extra Stage"), y un total de 57 canciones de versiones normales de DDR que aparecen por primera vez en una máquina de arcade. De esas canciones nuevas en DDR, 19 son licenciadas. Hay muchas que podrían ser ocultas y desbloqueables; aunque no se han revelado todavía los desbloqueables, en el sitio web oficial japonés hay una sección llamada "Secret", sugiriendo que habrá desbloqueables pronto.

Cambios

General
La interfaz fue inspirada por Dance Dance Revolution EXTREME 2, la contraparte japonesa Dance Dance Revolution STRIKE y su contraparte europea, Dancing Stage MAX. El fondo de la pantalla de selección rota los colores entre rojo, verde y azul, y tiene un motivo de un tubo de alambres.

Dificultades renombradas
Se renombran de nuevo las dificultades --Light, Standard y Heavy-- son renombradas Basic, Difficult y Expert. Las dificultades Beginner y Challenge quedan igual.

Gabinetes
El juego fue lanzado inicialmente en una cabina actualizada con una nueva CPU y una pantalla de alta definición CRT de 32 pulgadas, aunque eso se puede cambiar por un LCD en caso de que falle el CRT. Las nuevas cabinas son considerablemente menos anchas que sus predecesores. En octubre de 2006, solo en entregas japonesas, se actualizaron las cabinas a las actuales JAMMA DDR. Gracias a este tipo de conexión de cables, se puede reemplazar la placa Bemani Python 2, usada en este juego, en Supernova2 y en Dancing Stage Fusion, por la placa Bemani PC, usada en entregas posteriores.

La CPU es actualmente una Sony PlayStation 2 unida a la placa Bemani Python 2 con un disco duro y un procesador de gráficos mejorado para permitir la alta definición. DDR SuperNOVA es uno de los juegos modificados para el Arcade con una PS2 modificada. Bajo esas circunstancias es fácil trasladarla a una versión casera para la PS2 y a su secuela, aunque las versiones casera y arcade de esta versión y de su secuela tienen listas de canciones distintas.

Puntuación
El sistema de puntuación en SuperNOVA fue simplificado considerablemente de las versiones anteriores. Como en el juego "In the Groove", todos los pasos en la canción valen lo mismo; los pasos al principio y al final siempre valdrán lo mismo. Todas las canciones valen un máximo de 10 000 000 (diez millones) puntos.La fórmula para determinar el puntaje que otorga cada paso en una canción es la siguiente:

valor_un_paso = (10 000 000 * P) / T

En donde:
 P = 2 si el paso evaluado es "Perfect" o un "O.K. Freeze Arrow"
 P = 1 si el paso evaluado es "Great"
 P = 0 en cualquier otro caso

T = n + f, en donde:
 n: El número de pasos de la canción (Ojo, los saltos dobles solo cuentan como UN solo paso)
 f: El número de "Freezes Arrows" que posee el tema.

Las canciones son calificadas de forma invisible por los "puntos de baile", que determinan la calificación dada al jugador; cada "PERFECT" vale 2 puntos baile, un "GREAT" vale un punto, y un "O.K." en una Freeze Arrow vale 2 puntos. "GOOD", "ALMOST", "BOO", y "N.G." no valen puntos; otra diferencia con DDRMAX a EXTREME, ellos no sustraen puntos del total. El punto máximo es igual a 2 veces en número de pasos + 2 veces el número de Freeze Arrows en la canción. Debido a la forma en como calcula SuperNOVA la puntuación, es posible determinar el porcentaje dividiendo la puntuación entre 100 000. Se puede obtener un número estimado de los puntos de baile dividiendo la puntuación entre 10 000 000 y multiplicar la suma de 2 veces el número de los pasos y los freeze arrows en la canción.

Personajes y lista de canciones con videos exclusivos
La pantalla, a tamaño de 640x480, funciona a una velocidad de 60 FPS. A diferencia de las primeras 8 versiones arcade, todas las canciones proveniente de la lista compartida de consolas entre DDR Party Collection y DDR Strike muestran fondos enteramente con videos. Las canciones que no fueron listadas tienen escenarios con personajes con movimientos más realistas que el 5thMIX, pero son desactivados si la canción tiene un video exclusivo (como la canción Xepher de Tatsh, que utiliza el vídeo original de Beatmania IIDX con tintes de anime). También hay una selección de 8 personajes bailables (6 antiguos y 2 nuevos (Emi, Rage, Jenny, Disco (Afro en Japón y en arcades), Baby-Lon, Robo-Zukin, Gus, Ruby)) que pueden ser seleccionados por los jugadores, solo en el menú opciones. Se seleccionan unas canciones crossover de las series de Beatmania IIDX con sus videos originales de sus estilos originales.  Se elimina el fondo con el personaje en el tutorial a favor de los personajes con escenarios. Las canciones con video seleccionadas son (no es necesario que la lista sea completa):
 1998
 AFRONOVA(FROM NONSTOP MEGAMIX)
 AFRONOVA PRIMEVAL
 air
 Baile Le Samba
 BRILLIANT 2U (Exc. para el Stream Special)
 BURNIN' THE FLOOR
 Can Be Real
 CANDY (Solo de Riyu Kosaka)
 Colors(for EXTREME)
 大見解
 DoLL ※Proviene del IIDX
 DYNAMITE RAVE (Exc. para el Air Special)
 DYNAMITE RAVE (B4 ZA BEAT MIX)
 Happy Wedding
 Heaven is a '57 metallic gray(gimmix)
 INSERTiON(Machine Gun Kelly Mix)
 INSIDE YOUR HEART
 KEEP ON MOVIN'(DMX Mix)
 KI・SE・KI(DDR Edit) (video de DDR Festival remplazado por 1 de Supernova)
 Knock Out Regrets
 L'amour et la liberte' (DDR ver.)
 Look To The Sky(True Color Mix)
 LOVE IS ORANGE
 Make A Difference
 MARIA(I believe...)
 MAX 300(Super-Max-Me Mix)
 Midnight Special
 Miracle Moon -L.E.D. LIGHT STYLE MIX-
 Monkey Punk
 murmur twins ※Proviene del IIDX
 PARANOiA (Exc. para el X-Special)
 PARANOIA survivor
 PARANOIA survivor MAX
 PASSION OF LOVE
 PEACE(^^)v ※Grabado en el concierto de BeForU LIVE 2006
 Polovtsian Dances And Chorus
 Quickening
 桜
 Saturday Night Love ※Proveniente del DDR STRIKE
 SEDUCTION
 SEXY PLANET
 SEXY PLANET(FROM NONSTOP MEGAMIX)
 Sweet Sweet Love Magic
 sync(EXTREME Version)
 TOMORROW
 TwinBee(GenerationX)
 un deux trois
 Xepher ※Proviene del IIDX
 You gotta move it(feat.Julie Rugaard)
 You're Not Here
 Your Rain(RAGE MIX)

Renombres en esta entrega
Se renombrarón algunas canciones de DDR Extreme con la entrega norteamericana de Supernova y es la siguiente:
 蒼い衝動 ~for EXTREME~ (Aoi shodou ~for EXTREME~) → Blue Impulse ~for EXTREME~
 三毛猫ロック (Mikenekorokku) → Calico Cat Rock
 ♥LOVE2 シュガ→♥ (♥ LOVE 2 shuga →♥) → Love 2 Sugar
 魔法の扉 (スペース★マコのテーマ) (Mahō no tobira (supēsu ★ Mako no tēma)) → Magic Door (Theme of Space Maco)
Las otras canciones de entregas anteriores (sin límitar a DDR Extreme) fueron romanizadas exc. para GRADUATION ~それぞれの明日~ (GRADUATION ~ sorezore no ashita ~), que se retiró su subtítulo.

Extra Stages
Si el jugador recibe una calificación de AA o más (una puntuación de 9 500 000 o más, y el 95 % o más de los puntos de baile totales) en su escena final a máxima dificultad, se activa la Extra Stage. Se selecciona cualquier canción para la Extra Stage, dependiendo en el modo de juego escogido al principio, una canción adicional que no está disponible normalmente es añadida a la lista de canciones. Y sólo puede ser jugada a dificultad máxima. Con los modificadores predeterminados sin posibilidad de cambiarse. Y la barra de vida inicia completamente llena, pero sin posibilidad de recuperarse, que en su secuela es remplazada por la batería challenge con el MAX de 4 vidas que se pierde cada GOOD/ALMOST/BOO/mina o shock arrow/N.G.

Si se inició el juego con BASIC o DIFFICULT, la Extra Stage es Healing-D-Vision por De-Strad, una canción de dificultad de 10 pies con un BPM de 180 que se acelera a 360 (el doble de la velocidad) cerca del final. Se nota también por sus notas fuera de sincronía. Si se inició con dificultad Expert o All Music, la Extra Stage es Fascination MAXX por 100-200-400, una canción de dificultad de 10 pies con un BPM que varía entre 100, 200 y 400. El parche de septiembre de 2006, también añadió otra canción sólo seleccionable como Extra Stage. Fascination ~eternal love mix~ por 2 MB, que es un remix de la canción anterior con BPM variables, pero añade pausas. Los pasos son más fáciles, pero aún difíciles. El parche de septiembre de 2006 es publicada bajo el sistema e-Amusement, pero la arcade norteamericana no cuenta con ese sistema, para eso, se publicó un 2.º DVD para las arcades que no tienen dicho sistema, y que además, corrige errores de la máquina. De cualquier modo, los modificadores bloqueados son 1.5x, Rainbow, y Reversa.

Encore Extra: One More Extra Stage, ahora renombrada a Encore Extra Stage, fue introducida en DDRMAX y siempre tiene una canción fija con modificadores predeterminados. Encore Extra Stage usa la barra de vida "Sudden Death"; el jugador pierde automáticamente si tiene cualquier paso que no sea "PERFECT" o "GREAT", que en su secuela es remplazada por batería challenge con una sola vida. En esta entrega, completando Healing-D-Vision con AA o cualquiera de las canciones Fascination MAXX o Fascination ~eternal love mix~ con A, se desbloquea CHAOS por DE-SIRE retunes, una canción de medio tempo a una moderadamente rápida con un ritmo inusual y paradas erráticas (por lo menos 43), haciéndola difícil de seguir. Esta canción tiene los pasos más difíciles hasta ahora. Y es la primera Encore Extra Stage que tiene dificultad 10. Actualmente no hay modificadores, la canción debe ser jugada con los valores predeterminados.

Lista de música
Esta lista es solo para la arcade, puede cambiar en las tres versiones de consola. Canciones con Claqueta contienen video. Canciones que tienen título japonés indica: en cursiva indican el romaji y en negrita las traducciones. Se eliminaron gran parte de las licencias de Dancemania debido al término de licencia.

Música
 MAX 300 (Super-Max-Me Mix): Su primera aparición fue en Dance Dance Revolution ULTRAMIX 2 y es la canción "Boss" en dificultad Easy en las versiones caseras de SuperNOVA, es considerada la más "fácil" de las canciones "Boss" (y una de las más jugadas en la versión Arcade, debido a que no está bloqueada como Healing-D-Vision), aunque tiene su dificultad difícil. Es relativamente fácil en Beginner (3) y Basic (6), pero a partir de Difficult se incrementa la dificultad. Esta canción circula a 320 BPM, a pesar del nombre. Requiere mucha resistencia y lectura rápida, igual que cualquier canción MAX, donde la velocidad máxima es constante en casi toda la canción. En Challenge, esta canción combina pasos de 1/8 con saltos y cadenas largas en la canción, especialmente al final. A 1.5x de velocidad e invertida, esta canción resulta en 480 BPM, haciendo de la resistencia vital para pasar la canción. La menor velocidad es 140 BPM, donde se reduce a la mitad de la canción por 10 segundos.
 Fascination MAXX: Jugable solo por Extra Stage o bajo el modo Challenge, Fascination MAXX es una de las canciones más difíciles de todos los juegos DDR hasta Dance Dance Revolution SuperNOVA 2, especialmente bajo las circunstancias en que debe jugarse - las flechas van en reversa a 1.5 veces la velocidad normal, resultando en una velocidad máxima de 600 BPM. El máximo factor de dificultad recae al final de la canción, donde el jugador es forzado a golpear taladros de notas de 1/8 a 400 BPM (o en Extra Stage, a 600). La mínima velocidad para Fascination MAXX es 100 BPM y es la música que ha alcanzado el mayor número de combos visibles en pantalla en todo DDR (670 combos), superada por Elemental Creation en combos y 424 BPM de velocidad constante.
 CHAOS: Como bag de DDR EXTREME, es una canción inusual de 10 pies (18 en escala DDR X), debido a que su dificultad no está en la velocidad o complejidad de las flechas, sino en la parte de que hay 42 paradas a mitad de nota. Es jugable bajo One More Extra Stage o bajo el modo Challenge. Es muy difícil pasar esta canción, debido a las condiciones en que debe jugarse (un GOOD o peor o N.G. se falla la canción) debido a las pausas.
 Healing-D-Vision: Healing-D-Vision tiene un rango de 180 a 360 BPM. Esta canción de 10 pies (18 en escala DDR X), aunque es razonablemente más fácil que las anteriores, es difícil por sus series de galopes, saltos y corrientes en la canción. Healing-D-Vision es notable por su pobre tiempo. Aunque la canción sigue un ritmo swing, las notas fuera de música son de 1/16, más que el estándar 1/12 de swing. El final de sus pasos "Oni" son una corriente de crossovers de notas de 1/8 a 360 BPM.
 Fascination -eternal love mix-: Esta canción es un remix de 2MB de Fascination MAXX (2MB es seudónimo que usó U1-ASAMi en vez de su alias común), y su dificultad es similar a ésta aunque algo más difícil. Las velocidades siguen siendo 100, 200 y 400. Aunque la dificultad está basada más en la complejidad y en la técnica más que en la energía, la canción sigue siendo muy difícil. Sus pasos Challenge (18 en escala DDR X), sin embargo, son unos de los más difíciles de DDR incluso en Dance Dance Revolution SuperNOVA 2, debido a sus corrientes rápidas de saltos. No aparece en Supernova norteamericana debido a que no cuenta con el sistema e-AMUSEMENT, debido a esto, se ha publicado un 2.º DVD que contiene corrección de errores y esta canción.

Referencias

Véase también
 Dance Dance Revolution SuperNOVA 2

Videojuegos con sistema e-Amusement
Videojuegos arcade
Videojuegos de 2006
Supernova
Videojuegos de música
Videojuegos para PlayStation 2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: speeding up complex-number multiplication in C++ I have some code which multiplies complex numbers, and have noticed that mulxc3 (long double version of muldc3) is being called frequently: i.e. the complex number multiplications are not being inlined.
I am compiling with g++ version 7.5, with -O3 and --ffast-math.
It is similar to this question, except the problem persists when I compile with -ffast-math. Since I do not require checking for whether the arguments are Inf or NaN, I was considering making my own very simple complex class without such checks to allow the multiplication to be inlined, but given my lack of C++ proficiency, and having read this article makes me think that would be counterproductive.
So, is there a way to change either my code or compilation process so that I can keep using std::complex, but inline the multiplication?


text:
اقرأ باللغة العربية
Country Report for Libya
LAST UPDATED: April 2021
Prohibition is still to be achieved in the home, alternative care settings, day care, penal institutions and as a sentence for crime.
There appears to be no legal defence that confirms a "right" of parents and others to punish or correct a child, but legal provisions against violence and abuse are not interpreted as prohibiting corporal punishment of children. The near universal acceptance of a certain degree of violence in childrearing necessitates clarity in law that no degree of corporal punishment is acceptable or lawful. All legal defences should be repealed and prohibition of all corporal punishment should be enacted in relation to parents and all those with parental authority.
Penal institutions – Prohibition should also be enacted of corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure in all institutions accommodating children in conflict with the law.
Sentence for crime – All judicial corporal punishment of children (under 18) convicted of an offence should be prohibited, including under Islamic law.
Corporal punishment is lawful in the home. There appears to be no confirmation in law of a "right" of parents and other to punish or correct a child but there is no explicit prohibition of all corporal punishment. Article 397 of the Penal Code 1953 punishes the use of "improper methods of discipline and education" and article 398 punishes "ill-treatment of family members and children", but the Code does not prohibit all corporal punishment. Law No. 5 of 1997 on Child Protection – applicable to children under 16 – does not prohibit corporal punishment; nor does Law No. 20 of 1991 on Promotion of Freedom (incorporating the Great Green Document on Human Rights 1988) or the Constitution 1969.
A review of child-related legislation has been carried out with the support of UNICEF.[1] A new Constitution is being drafted, and proposals have been made for inclusion of articles on child rights:[2] we do not know if the proposals include prohibition of corporal punishment.
There is no explicit prohibition of corporal punishment in alternative care settings: corporal punishment is lawful as in the home.
Corporal punishment is unlawful in preschool provision under the Regulations concerning Primary and Preparatory (Basic) Education. However, there is no explicit prohibition of corporal punishment in other early childhood care and in day care for older children.
Corporal punishment is prohibited in schools under the School Discipline Ordinance for Schools, the Regulations concerning Primary and Preparatory (Basic) Education, the Regulations concerning Secondary (Intermediate) Education 1979 and the Regulation concerning Student Discipline 1983, though we have yet to confirm that the prohibitions are explicit. Law No. 134 of 1970 on Education provides for the Minister of Education and National Guidance to make rules for the discipline of students. Law No. 95 of 1975 on Compulsory Education is silent on the issue.
Corporal punishment is lawful as a disciplinary measure in penal institutions. Principle 2 of the Great Green Document on Human Rights 1988 states: "Jamahiri society prohibits penalties that detract from human dignity and are detrimental to human well-being, such as hard labour and long-term imprisonment. Jamahiri also prohibits the infliction of physical or mental harm on the person of a prisoner…." But there is no explicit prohibition of corporal punishment in this or in Law No. 5 of 1953 on Reform and Rehabilitation Institutions.
The Rules on the Treatment of Detainees prohibit "any form of physical, sexual or mental violence against any detainee" and "humiliating or degrading treatment such as displaying them in a publicly humiliating fashion" and states: "The detaining authority must ensure detainees are not subjected to: - any acts of violence, intimidation or humiliation, - cruel, inhumane, humiliating, or degrading treatment". But these are guidelines not law.
Corporal punishment is lawful as a sentence for crime. There is no provision for corporal punishment in the Penal Code 1953 but the law provides for corporal punishment to be imposed under Shari'a law and protection from such punishment for persons under 18 appears to be incomplete.
Law No. 70 of 1973 on the Establishment of the Had of Zina and the Amendment of several articles of the Penal Code prescribes lashes as punishment for zina (sexual relations outside of marriage). It states in article 2 that the offender must have reached the age of 18, presumably exempting younger persons from the punishment of flogging (unconfirmed) – but in article 3 it states that if the offender is between 7 and 15 the measures that may be imposed as "guidance and awareness and reprimands" and if the offender is between 15 and 18 the measure is "severe beatings".
Law No. 13 of 1995 on Theft and haraba (banditry) provides for punishments of amputation of the right hand and for cross amputation (right hand and left foot). It was amended by Law No. 10 of 2001 possibly to state that the offender must have reached the age of 18, but we have yet to confirm that this effectively rules out all forms of corporal punishment for this offence.
Law No. 52 of 1974 on had alqadhaf (defamation) provides for punishment of flogging: we have yet establish its application to persons under 18. Law No. 89 of 1974 on Prohibition of Alcohol Consumption was repealed by Law No. 4 of 2002 on Alcohol, which makes no provision for corporal punishment.
During the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of Libya in 2010, the Government stated its intention to repeal judicial corporal punishment in the context of reviewing the Penal Code.[3] In April 2013, the Libyan National Congress approved Law No. 10 of 2013 concerning the Criminalization of Torture, Forced Abduction and Discrimination but to our knowledge this does not prohibit corporal punishment as a sentence for crime. Similarly, other recent penal laws – Law No. 37 of 2012 on Criminalisation of the Glorification of the Dictator and Law No. 38 of 2012 on Certain Matters Relating to Transitional Justice – do not prohibit judicial corporal punishment. A draft law amending legal sanctions and military actions was under discussion in 2013 but we have yet to ascertain if it would repeal judicial corporal punishment. The Higher Judicial Institute, with UNICEF support, has developed a draft juvenile justice law.[4]
In reporting on judicial corporal punishment to the UPR in 2015, the Government confirmed that the law still allows for flogging as a punishment for adultery and false accusation.[5] Efforts are being made to address this: "The legislature has identified those punitive laws that must be brought into line with international human rights standards. The Ministry of Justice and UNODC are working together to review the laws of Libya. To that end, committees have been formed and workshops held with the support of UNSMIL and the National Council for Civil Liberties and Human Rights."[6] However, the Government simply "noted" a recommendation made during the UPR to amed legislation allowing for corporal punishment.[7]
[1] Children's Rights in Libya: Assessing compliance of domestic legislation with international human rights standards, referenced in UNICEF (2013), Annual report – Libya
[2] UNICEF (2013), Annual report – Libya
[3] 4 January 2011, A/HRC/16/15, Report of the working group of the UPR, para. 88
[5] 5 May 2015, A/HRC/WG.6/22/LBY/1, National report to the UPR, paras. 78 and 79
[6] 5 May 2015, A/HRC/WG.6/22/LBY/1, National report to the UPR, para. 77
[7] 22 July 2015, A/HRC/30/16, Report of the working group, para. 137(127); www.upr-info.org, Libya's responses to recommendations (as of 29.09.2015); as at 4 October 2015, Addendum to the working report available only in Arabic
Universal Periodic Review of Libya's human rights record
Libya was examined in the first cycle of the Universal Periodic Review in 2010 (session 9). During the review the Government stated that the Penal Code is being reviewed and judicial corporal punishment will be repealed: "Regarding corporal punishment, the relevant penalties or sanctions had not been applied for more than 40 years, except in two cases regarding haraba, which was the most serious crime of terrorism. The Penal Code was under review, and such punishment would be repealed."[1] The following recommendations were made during the review:[2]
"Revoke provisions of the national law enabling the use of corporal punishment (Czech Republic);
"Abolish corporal punishment, both in law and in practice (Switzerland)"
The Government neither accepted nor rejected the recommendations but stated, apparently contradicting the remarks noted above, that "nothing in the Libyan Penal Code provides for corporal punishment".[3]
Examination in the second cycle took place in 2015 (session 22). In its national report the Government confirmed the legality of flogging as a sentence of the courts but stated that the relevant laws are being reviewed.[4] During the review, the following recommendation was made:[5]
"Amend legislation that allows corporal punishment, including amputation, and criminalize torture (Spain)"
The Government "noted" the recommendation.[6]
[2] 4 January 2011, A/HRC/16/15, Report of the working group of the UPR, paras. 95(24) and 95(25)
[3] 22 February 2012, A/HRC/16/15/Add.1, Report of the working group: Addendum, para. 7
[5] 22 July 2015, A/HRC/30/16, Report of the working group, para. 137(127)
[6] www.upr-info.org, Libya's responses to recommendations (as of 29.09.2015); as at 4 October 2015, Addendum to the working report available only in Arabic
(4 July 2003, CRC/C/15/Add.209, Concluding observations on second report, paras. 33, 34 and 46)
"The Committee welcomes the prohibition of corporal punishment in schools and takes note of the information that measures have been adopted to report and investigate maltreatment of children. Nevertheless, it is concerned at the lack of information on the actual situation in the State party with respect to ill-treatment of children within the family. Further, it regrets the lack of information on prevention and awareness-raising activities.
a) conduct a comprehensive study to assess the nature and extent of ill-treatment and abuse of children, as well as other domestic violence, and use the results to design policies and programmes to address this issue;
b) carry out preventive public education campaigns about the negative consequences of ill-treatment of children and promote positive, non-violent forms of discipline as an alternative to corporal punishment;
c) take the necessary measures to prevent violence against, and abuse of, children….
c) take legislative measures formally to abolish flogging as a punishment…."
(4 February 1998, CRC/C/15/Add.84, Concluding observations on initial report, paras. 14 and 29)
"The Committee expresses its concern about the lack of prohibition in local legislation of the use of corporal punishment, however light, at home. In the view of the Committee, this contravenes the principles and provisions of the Convention.
"The Committee suggests that the State party take all appropriate measures, including of a legislative nature, with the aim of prohibiting corporal punishment at home. The Committee also suggests that awareness-raising campaigns be conducted to ensure that alternative forms of discipline are administered in a manner consistent with the child's human dignity and in conformity with the Convention…."
(11 May 1999, A/54/44, paras. 176-189, Concluding observations on third report, paras. 180 and 189)
"The Committee notes with satisfaction that application of corporal punishment has not been used in recent years.
"Although corporal punishment has not been practised in recent years, it should be abolished by law."
(15 November 2007, CCPR/C/LBY/CO/4, Concluding observations on fourth report, paras. 16 and 17)
"The Committee remains deeply concerned that corporal punishment such as amputation and flogging are prescribed by law even if rarely applied in practice. They constitute a clear violation of article 7 of the Covenant. (art. 7)
The State party should immediately stop the imposition of all corporal punishment and repeal the legislations for its imposition without delay, as stipulated in the previous concluding observations of the Committee.
"The Committee notes with concern that the continued practice and legal provisions regarding qisas (retribution) and diyah (payment), which may contribute to impunity, remain in force. (arts. 2, 7, 10 and 14)
The State party should review the laws and practice of qisas and the diyah in light of the Covenant."
(6 November 1998, CCPR/C/79/Add.101, Concluding observations on third report, para. 11)
"Furthermore, the Committee recalls that flogging, which is recognized in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya as a penalty for criminal offences, is incompatible with article 7 of the Covenant. The imposition of such punishment should cease immediately and all laws and regulations providing for its imposition should be repealed without delay. Amputation, although not used in practice, according to the Delegation, should be formally abolished."
(23 November 1994, CCPR/C/79/Add.45, Concluding observations on second report, para. 9)
"The Committee is seriously concerned at information it has received from United Nations and other reliable sources concerning summary or extra-judicial execution and torture perpetrated by the Libyan security forces. It deplores the introduction of cruel punishments such as flogging and amputation. The practice of arbitrary arrest and detention, the detention of persons sentenced after unfair trials and the length of pre-trial detention are also matters of serious concern. The Committee regrets the lack of information about certain identified people who are said to be held in incommunicado detention without trial for lengthy periods and of persons who oppose the government and are said to have disappeared."
Libya.pdf Libya.docx
Universal Periodic Review (UPR): 2020, session 36, deadline for briefing has passed (3 October 2019)
Committee Against Torture (CAT):Date of examination to be confirmed
Human Rights Committee (ICCPR): Date of examination tbc, deadline for LOIPR briefing 17 August 2020


Now days it's really tough to find any popular Persian superstars in Hollywood. As a result of demands of contemporary cinema, Iranian stars decide to ignore any delivers acquired. Hollywood films consists of numerous instances that are looked down upon by Persian cultural values. Loads of Iranian actresses have already been the subject of controversies on account of their tasks in Hollywood flicks. Persian actresses command large respect from their fans.


Subject: [artbox] Mom, Am I Barbarian?
carry out her research both in Turkey and abroad.
Biennial may be reached through the Biennial's web site.
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At Rachel Keeling we are very proud of our Self Evaluation Form (SEF). It tells the story of our school, it paints the picture of the rich experiences the children have every day and the wonderful community we serve. It is a living, breathing document which is regularly updated. The whole staff team and families help to shape this story regularly. Please read, reflect and enjoy the story of our school.


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A farmer went head-to-head with neighbours and councillors over plans to put up a 164ft tall wind turbine.
Andy Paton wants to put up the turbine at Birches Farm in Turton – which would be in Bolton, but Bury Council has a say on the plans because Bury residents would be able to see it.
After a fierce debate in Bury Town Hall, Bury Council decided not to oppose the plan and leave the decision with Bolton Council.
There are already two 59ft-tall turbines on Mr Paton's land and a third would provide enough power for 300 homes, he said.
The National Grid would then pay Mr Paton for providing the energy – but not everyone is happy.
Joanne Wilcock, chairman of the Affetside Society, told the planning committee meeting that more information was needed.
She said: "There is no noise survey information.
"We can't make a judgement without such vital information.
Bury Council's development manager Dave Marno said: "Bolton Council will have gathered a great deal of evidence about this application and will make an informed decision at the right time.
Cllr Iain Gartside, who represents Tottington, said: "The council officers must remember they are only one third of this town's representation.
Cllr Yvonne Wright, who is on the committee, said: "A third turbine would look monstrous.
Mr Paton defended his application, saying it would be "madness" to rely on expensive imported energy.
He said: "The turbine would save us money, help us employ workers and help the environment.
Mr Paton applied to Bolton Council for planning permission in December but has now withdrawn the application due to a technical issue.
He intends to resubmit the application soon and the council would then begin a consultation period before making a decision later this year.