Sennheiser is applauding the Federal Communications Commission's Order on Reconsideration and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, ratified on July 13, 2017.
Washington, D.C. (July 19, 2017)—Sennheiser is applauding the Federal Communications Commission's Order on Reconsideration and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, ratified on July 13, 2017.
"We sincerely applaud the FCC staff for their work and due consideration on this Order and proposed rulemaking," says Joe Ciaudelli, director of U.S. Spectrum Affairs for Sennheiser. "This represents a very positive outcome for our customers and all professional wireless microphone users. Clearly the FCC listened to the needs of the professional production community and worked hard to provide a solution."
The Order on Reconsideration is wide-ranging and affects several key provisions of the guidelines passed in August of 2015.
With the ratification, the FCC has now adopted the established European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ESTI) out-of-band emissions standard, which achieves the intended goal of protecting the use of adjacent frequency bands and harmonizes with international standards, allowing users to operate the same equipment in multiple countries in many cases.
Additionally, the Order will enable legacy equipment that operates within the 600 MHz band to be modified to comply with the new regulations, saving a significant amount of still operational wireless gear from costly premature obsolescence following the transition period.
In the Future Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, the Commission states its intention to expand license eligibility, allowing many organizations that stage sophisticated productions but do not qualify for an FCC license under current rules the ability to obtain a license. Sennheiser had submitted a timely filing in response to an opposing party, illustrating that the ability to reserve "white space" frequencies for professional wireless use is integral to effective operation of wireless microphone systems in real-world applications.
A provision that would have required the exclusive use of proprietary connectors for unlicensed wireless equipment with detachable antennas has been modified by the Order to allow the use of standard connectors. The Order also provides design flexibility for wireless gear manufacturers by allowing the output power of wireless devices to be measured either as effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) or conducted power at the output at the antenna terminal.
The Order also addresses concerns regarding specific bands and their applications. The specified frequencies of the 169-172 MHz band have now been optimally coordinated for microphone use, allowing more mics to operate in this band. The Commission specifically adopted a proposal by Sennheiser for optimal frequency coordination within this band.
The Commission clarified that the 30 MHz spectrum use limit in the 1435-1525 MHz band pertains to a single operator. Multiple authorizations that, in total, utilize the full 90 MHz may be assigned to different operations within an area. A single operator that requires more than 30 MHz for a mega-event can apply for a special temporary authorization (STA).
The Order also prescribes the procedure for use of the 941.5-944 MHz band, which can be useful for fixed venues such as Broadway theaters and casinos requiring house wireless microphones on distinct frequencies from those utilized by touring acts. Users will need to confer with a local Society of Broadcast Engineers coordinator and apply for a license with the FCC, which will coordinate with incumbent Federal primary users of the band.


text:
Nordic Summit on Cannabis | September 27th – 28th 2021
Let´s start changing things – before it is too late!
It is our pleasure to invite you to the [hybrid] Nordic Summit on Cannabis, held in Copenhagen 27-28th September 2021, hosted by WFAD, the Danish Network of Cannabis Treaters and Förbundet mot Rusgift. Due to changed COVID regulations, there are still in-person seats available for participants from the Nordic Region!
The Nordic Countries are taking seemingly invisible, but nonetheless, rhetorical steps towards a legalisation of cannabis.
We invite you to a two-day Nordic Summit on the effects of cannabis. This is a chance to steer in another direction, towards sound policies that take evidence into account – To protect the Nordic countries from the influence of biased and commercial arguments and to protect the developing brain of young people form the harmful effects of cannabis.
Over the two days you will be invited to hear from Nordic and international experts and researchers within the field, participate in discussions and partake in networking. During which, you will be provided with a "white guide" where the discussions and presentations of speakers are summarised, and which can be used by civil society and others who strive to push against this legalisation trend.
The Summit has successfully taken place. View the full programme here. During the Summit, a White Guide was disseminated. This guide contains research, reflections, and recommendations by our speakers and can be used in your [advocacy] work. The key takeaways have been summarised, which also includes access to some of the slides from the speakers. If you have not been able to attend the Summit, you can rewatch the different presentations online. Get access to the various documents below!
White Guide
Forbundet Mot Rusgift
Forbundet Mot Rusgift (FMR), also The League Against Intoxicants (LAI), is a non-governmental, non-profit, voluntary organisation in Norway. Their objective is to mobilise people in the struggle against the dissemination and use of intoxicants, and the injuries and harm caused by those substances. LAI works through single members and supporters.
WFAD
WFAD is a multilateral community of non-governmental organisations and individuals. We share a common concern that illicit drug use is undercutting traditional values and threatening the existence of stable families, communities, and government institutions throughout the world. Our aim is to work for a drug-free world.
Danske Cannabis Behandlare
In 2014, the Network of Danish Cannabis Therapists was establihsed and it currently has more than 400 members. The idea with the network is to raise the treatment competence in Denmark.
The Nordic Summit is implemented with the support of Stiftelsen Ansvar för Framtiden (SAFF) and Förbundet mot Droger (FMD).
Stiftelsen Ansvar för Framtiden

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Ocean City Police Department and the men and women, both sworn and civilian that fill its ranks, are committed to the highest levels of professionalism in providing service to both residents and visitors alike to "Americas Greatest Family Resort", Ocean City New Jersey.
We dedicate ourselves to ensuring the public's safety and will strive toward enhancing the quality of community life for all members of our community through the discharge of our duties in a manner consistent with fairness and impartiality, while respecting the individual's dignity, constitutional rights and human rights.
We recognize that team work is the cornerstone upon which our success as a law enforcement organization is built. The foundation upon which that cornerstone is laid, is our partnership with the residents of the community we serve.


text:
BRIS-VEGAS ENTERTAINMENT PRECINCT TAKES CENTRE STAGE
Brisbane may soon have a new $2 billion entertainment quarter judging by the proposal for a Madison Square Garden-esque design over the Roma Street rail exchange just released by AEG-Ogden.
Proposed plans have been revealed for a massive $2 billion 'Brisbane Live' ultra-entertainment precinct set to be built above the Roma Street rail lines. Dubbed "an exciting idea that could reshape our city" by Deputy Premier Jackie Trad, the project has drawn comparisons in scope and design to icons such as Madison Square Garden in New York City and LA Live in Los Angeles.
The development project is led by AEG-Ogden, a subsidiary company of AEG, the world's largest entertainment venue operator, and designed by The NRA Collaborative. 'Brisbane Live' is set to bring a new entertainment facility to the western edge of the CBD, making use of the air space above the rail lines as well as the connectivity that Roma Street has to every rail line in the SEQ rail network without requiring any land swapping or sales.
The centre of attention for the project so far is its new $450 million entertainment arena, which will seat 17,000 people and feature a 4000-capacity rock club. The surrounding complex will also include restaurants and bars, multiplex cinemas and a giant screen amphitheatre catering for around 15,000 people.
The planned Brisbane arena is set to be built above Brisbane's largest railway interchange hub, Roma Street Station, in a design reminiscent of New York's Madison Square Garden, which is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. The design will retain parts of the existing station building incorporated with new sections, all of which will be encased by the area's podium. The rail interchange will remain fully functional while work commences.
New additions will also be added to the skyline surrounding the arena. Three new buildings that will be mostly for commercial will flank the site at Roma Street. Initial plans show a 90-storey residential tower, a connected commercial and hotel building, and a smaller tower. Further along, on the western edge of the proposed site, a proposed design for three cultural facilities that may be used as theatres and museums will also be constructed.
An important and pertinent part of the Brisbane live project is that it is a market-led proposal, meaning the development has been proposed and driven by the private sector. Given the benefits for any state government with a scheme this large, the proposal is highly likely to be completed.
This Brisbane-Live proposal will provide thousands of jobs, and ultimately create a flow on effect for Brisbane's reputation as an international city; a reputation that will ultimately garner an influx of tourism for the state.
TIME TO MAKE A SPLASH
CRYSTAL POOL
NEW HOME FOR THE GOLDEN STATE WARRIORS
EXPLORING SENSORY PLAY
AQUATOWER MAKES A SPLASH!
NSW SCHOOLS EMBRACE NATURAL PLAY


8.5" by 5.5"; 394pp; 343pp; 320pp; 341pp; 298pp; 322pp; 350pp; 308pp; 346pp; 288pp; 331pp; 366pp; 322pp.
A collection of the works of Henry Fielding.
Thirteen of the complete sixteen volumes.
The set consists of volumes I, II, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV and XVI and is missing volumes III, IV and V.
Volume I contains The History and Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his Friend Mr Abraham Adams, volume II contains The History of the Life of the Late Mr. Jonathan Wild and A Journey from This World to the Next, &c, volume VI contains Amelia in Two Volumes Vol. One, volume VII contains Amelia in Two Volumes Vol. Two, volume VIII contains Plays and Poems in Five Volumes Vol. One, volume IX contains Plays and Poems in Five Volumes Vol. Two, volume X contains Plays and Poems in Five Volumes Vol. Three, volume XI contains Plays and Poems in Five Volumes Vol. Four, volume XII contains Plays and Poems in Five Volumes Vol. Five, volume XIII contains Legal Writings, volume XIV contains Miscellaneous Writings in Three Volmes Vol. One, volume XV contains Miscellaneous Writings in Three Volmes Vol. Two and volume XVI contains Miscellaneous Writings in Three Volmes Vol. Three.
Illustrated with Reproductios of Rare Contemporary Drawings and Portraits.
With an Essay on the Life, Genius and Achievement of the Author, by William Ernest Henley.
This edition of the complete writings of Henry Fielding is limited to 375 numbered copies for Great Britain, of which 25 copies are printed on Dutch hand-made paper, with additional illustrations.
This is Copy No. 100, signed by the publisher William Heinemann.
Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 8 October 1754) was an English novelist and dramatist known for his rich earthy humour and satirical prowess, and as the author of the novel Tom Jones.
In red cloth bindings with gilt embellishment to the spines and front boards. Externally, sound with slight rubbing. Internally, binding is loosening in places. Front hinge has failed in volume I, and front end-papers are detached, but present. Front hinge has also failed on volumes II and VI. Front hinge is tender in volume X. Pages are generally bright and clean with some scattered light foxing. Overall: GOOD ONLY.


text:
Home/Detroit Tigers Prospects
Detroit Tigers: 4 reasons Jackson Jobe is risky
By Chris Brown
Heritage Hall's Jackson Jobe scores a run during the Class 4A baseball state tournament championship game. /
Jackson Jobe Risk Factor Number 3 – Injuries
Pitcher Hunter Harvey throws one pitch in the top of the eighth inning before leaving with an injury during spring training. Nathan Ray Seebeck-USA TODAY Sports /
Injuries eventually come for every pitcher. The lucky ones manage to stave off serious injury trouble until late in their career, or get past early injury issues to become quality big leaguers. But for 51% of our busts, injuries delayed, derailed, or outright ended their careers. The only real surprise here is that the number isn't higher.
One injury typically isn't enough to immediately end a career, but many times a devastating injury effectively ends a prospect's career. The Houston Astros made Brady Aiken the top overall pick in the 2014 draft, but they had concerns about his elbow and ended up not signing him. Aiken then tore an elbow ligament in his next appearance. Cleveland took him with the 17th overall pick in 2015, but he threw just 179 career innings before being released in October.
Typically prospects are derailed by everything else that comes with an injury, including lost development time, altered mechanics, and downgrades in control or stuff. And, crucially, the biggest predictor of future injury is past injury.
The Orioles took Hunter Harvey with the 22nd pick in the 2013 draft, and by the end of 2014 he looked like a future top-of-the-rotation starter. But injuries cost him all of 2015 and held him back in every other year since. Harvey's raw stuff is still excellent, and he generally throws strikes, but he's now 27 and has fewer than 25 MLB innings to his name. San Francisco claimed him off waivers in November.
For every workhorse like Rick Porcello, there are ten injury plagued Matt Wheatlands. Once again, only time will tell if Jackson Jobe can stay healthy.


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text:
Neighborhood Guessing Game: Chicken Island
Neighborhood Guessing Game
Think you know Houston Real Estate? Here comes another round of the Neighborhood Guessing Game, where you can prove it . . . or have fun trying!
Rule recap: We show you pictures of a home listed on HAR — but just of the interior. You guess what subdivision it's in, by adding a comment. If you're the first to guess the correct neighborhood, you win!
Of course, it's no fun if everyone is just wildly shouting out the names of neighborhoods . . . so to encourage intelligent discussion, we give special recognition to participants who point out the supporting evidence they see in the photos and otherwise entertain us with their comments.
If you know this home already, please don't let us know that . . . it kinda spoils the game for everyone else.
Ready for more of this week's photos? You'll find them after the jump!
You can figure where this one is . . . right? Go ahead . . . point out those clues!
Guesses go in the comments. Answer on Thursday!
Photos: HAR
Interiors, Neighborhood Guessing Game
Daily Demolition Report: Tangled Wood
Daily Demolition Report: Bringing Down the House
Jeff April 29, 2008 at 11:52 am
The hard part for me is trying to figure out if this is a townhouse. I think it is. There is indication that there isn't a yard since the neighbors are so close and we see a bit of a small patio effect on the side which suggests a t/h. Also, in the last pic you see the roof of the neighbor from the bathroom, which suggests a smaller bungalow next to a larger structure but then other pics appear to have a newer structure next door. Gentrifying area? Rice Military or something close to the WOW roundabout I think…
HoustonAreaGuy April 29, 2008 at 12:28 pm
I was really thinking it might be a townhome as well. To me, it looks like the living areas might be on the second floor, but I can't see outside well enough to know for certain! If it is Rice Military or WOW area, this is one of the older townhomes in the area. I'm tempted to say it's further west, maybe Galleria or Woodlake.
I agree it looks like a 3 story townhome. I think it is very new. Too large and too nice for Rice Military. My gut tells me Tanglewood/Galleria area, but it could be one of the newer Montrose behemoths.
marmer April 29, 2008 at 6:03 pm
I'm not convinced it's a townhouse. I'm thinking West U McMansion. Probably pretty new, given how bare most of the walls are, and windows without coverings. I think the bedrooms/bathrooms are on the second floor but the sitting area with the tapestry/black couch and the sitting area with the chaise/chess set are both first floor. Not sure about the kitchen/breakfast area but I think they're on the first floor. There are a LOT of different floor materials in this house, and the master bedroom seems pretty large for a townhome.
nate April 29, 2008 at 8:14 pm
I am pretty sure it is not a townhouse. Look at that living room. Sure seems to be on the first floor, and it is huge. Isnt that where the garage would be in a TH? Big granite fireplace, impressive details on the ceiling. Kitchen is a mystery. Extensive cabinets, sub-zero, but tile countertops? Or is it just the island that is done on the cheap?
Sure seems to be a lot line to lot line behemoth. Is that carpet in the bathroom? Hmmm. Really feels like one of the "older" homes in West U. Man, tough one…
Joni Webb April 29, 2008 at 9:04 pm
the kitchen looks like the 80s, so does the bthroom, the ceilings are low in some parts, high in the bedroom – that's on the second floor, it's not new, but it's been remodeled in some areas, it's got atriums, I'm going to say – it's a townhouse complex, like Raintree Place? or somewhere in 77056 or 57 zip code. I don't know. It's confusing because there is one room, with the painted trim and rug and flagstone floor where the outside looks like a front area atrium, very nice, but then bedroom and kitchen are dated. ok, this is hard, but so fun!!!
GoogleMaster April 30, 2008 at 8:41 am
I don't think it's a townhouse, or new for that matter. The vegetation looks too mature, and for townhouses and new construction they usually scrape the lot clean of any living things before starting.
The brick floor and black appliances in the kitchen say 80s, I think. But the layout feels like 60s, so I'm going to say this is a freshened-up 80s redo of a 60s house.
French doors to the outside, windows that can actually be opened!
I just realized that I have no clue where this house is, but those horizontal window panes (i.e. landscape instead of portrait) remind me of a friend's house out in Wilchester, off of Wilcrest south of I-10.
ERM April 30, 2008 at 4:10 pm
I think it is definitely 80s-ish and 3 levels but probably one of those small lot single family homes, not a townhouse. I'm going to guess near River Oaks.
CK April 30, 2008 at 5:19 pm
I'm thinking that it's a patio home intead of a townhouse. The etablished landscaping implies that it's 10-20 yrs old at least. The eighties looking kitchen and older windows rather conflict with each other. If it were an older home than 80's though I wouldn't expect the near zero lot lines apparent. I could see something like this around Crestwood or perhaps in the West U area or further south in the Med Center/inner Braeswood area. There could be any number of areas capable of this east or west of the Galleria area too. I'm stumped as to narrowing it more than that.
God, I'm terrible at these. But I'm giving it another shot anyway… :)
Okay. Definitely an 80s home; no getting around that. The tacky tile on the floor in the study, the basketweave brickwork on the kitchen floor, the gaudy master bath, the white tile on the kitchen island — they all scream 80s.
That said, the place is huge and at least somewhat updated. I'm also guessing that it's on three levels, but it looks River Oaks — not West U. The coffered ceiling in the living room and the tray ceiling in the dining rome are very River Oaks touches, as are most of the furnishings (the Oriental rugs, the overstated antiques, the vases and artwork, etc.).
I'm definitely going with River Oaks here, the old 019. But since it's newer, I'm going with an area further to the east of the older, more established homes by the country club, more of the Upper Kirby district almost. That's about all I've got… o_O
GoogleMaster April 30, 2008 at 11:58 pm
The furnishings do look like "money". How about one of the older neighborhoods north of Rice? But then the houses are too old there. :(
Lawrence Dean May 1, 2008 at 7:51 pm
I am going to have to say it is in Westhaven Estates in the neighborhoods around Nantucket and Potomac streets. I remember jogging past and drooling at all of these huge elaborate patio home type thingies when I lived in a cruddy condo on Augusta in the "poor" side of the neighborhood right out of college……..
Betty Berkstresser September 1, 2009 at 12:53 pm
A home in West University, the windows in the family room give it away.
West University Home Listing Photo of the Day: Enter the Orb
Houston Home Listing Photos of the Day: Fully Carpeted


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text:
\section{Introduction }

According to the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{c1,c2,c3,rev},
the ${\cal N}=4$ $SU(N)$ supersymmetric gauge theory
considered in the  `t Hooft limit with $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda \equiv g_{YM}^2 N$ fixed
is dual
to the IIB string theory compactified on $AdS_5 \times S^5$ \,.
The parameters of the two  theories are
identified as
$g_{YM}^2 = g_s$, $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda = (R/l_s)^4$ and hence $1/N =g_s (l_s/R)^4$.
In general, a gauge theory diagram with genus $g$
comes with a power of $N^{2-2g}$ and with some powers of
$\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$. In the string theory, correlation functions for a given genus
$g$ come with a power of
$g_s^{2-2g}$ and have a coefficient given by a power series
expansion in $\alpha'/R^2 =\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda^{-1/2} $.
At a given order of $N$ or $g_s$,
the functions of $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$ have different expansions (powers of $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$ versus
powers of $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda^{-1/2}$) in the two theories,
although according to the AdS/CFT proposal,
they are supposed to represent the same function.
It is clear that comparison between the two theories is
possible only for quantities whose $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$ dependences
can be computed exactly or that are independent of $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$.
Since the anomaly is independent of $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$,
it is a perfect candidate for this purpose.

In the ${\cal N}=4$ SYM, we have two kinds of anomaly, the trace anomaly
and the $SU(4)_R$ chiral anomaly. Both have been checked
\cite{c3,dzf,a1}  and found to
match with SUGRA calculations to leading order at large
$N$. Subleading orders in $N$ for other gauge systems have also been
discussed \cite{a2,a3}. However, the $1/N^2$ corrections for the
original ${\cal N}=4$ case have never been tested.
In this paper, we will be interested in the $1/N^2$ corrections to the
chiral anomaly. To leading order in $N$, the chiral
anomaly has been elegantly accounted for \cite{c3,dzf}
by the Chern-Simons action in the $AdS_5$ SUGRA. The coefficient $k$
(see \eq{sugraaction} below) determines the magnitude of the chiral
anomaly in field theory and is given by $k=N^2$ to the leading order
in $N$. For finite $N$, the chiral anomaly of the $SU(N)$ gauge theory
is proportional to $N^2-1$ and there is a mismatch of -1.
Our goal is to determine the $1/N^2$ correction to this coefficient
$k$ and reproduce this ``-1'' correction.

According to the proposal
\cite{c1,c2,c3}, quantities of order $1/N^2$  corresponds to
a 1-loop string calculation. Although a classical string action on
$AdS_5 \times S^5$ \,
with RR fields background is available \cite{adsstring},
the quantization of it is
notoriously difficult and we still don't have reliable means to
compute its  quantum corrections. This is partially reflected by the
fact that we still don't know the complete spectrum of states of the
string theory on $AdS_5 \times S^5$ \,.
The only explicitly known states are the full towers of KK states
\cite{vN2} coming from the compactification
of the 10 dimensional IIB SUGRA multiplet.
It is thus natural to first examine the quantum corrections to the
Chern-Simons coefficient coming from  all of
these states. In fact, we find precisely the expected correction of -1.
This correction of -1 is entirely due to the quantum treatment of the
doubleton multiplet that is gauged away. This is very satisfactory
since the doubleton is known to be dual to the decoupled $U(1)$ factor
of the SYM theory which is $SU(N)$ rather than $U(N)$.
Given that this already provide the desired shift $N^2 \rightarrow N^2
-1$, we expect that there is no contribution from  other
string states at all. We also note that
a consistent truncation to the states of
the 5 dimensional supergravity multiplet alone is not sufficient.

We will first review in sec. 2 the arguments  \cite{c2,dzf}
for matching the chiral anomaly with the Chern-Simons term in the five
dimensional SUGRA action to leading order in  $N$. Then in sec. 3
we determine the one loop corrections  to the coefficient of the
Chern-Simons action from the
Kaluza-Klein towers. We finally discuss why it is plausible that
other string states don't modify the Chern-Simons coefficient.

\section{Chiral Anomalies in the ${\cal N}=4$ SYM}

The ${\cal N}=4$ SYM in 4 dimensions has a R-symmetry group of
$SU(4)_R$. The matter fields are in nontrivial representation of it,
with the scalars $X^i$ transforming in the ${\bf 6}$ and the four complex
Weyl fermions $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$ in  the fundamental representation of $SU(4)_R$
with the chirality part (0,1/2) in ${\bf 4}$ and (1/2,0)
in ${\bf 4}^*$ (see for example \cite{FFZ}.
Our convention here together with the convention we adopt
in \eq{table} are equivalent to those these authors used.)
It is convenient to use the compact  notation of differential forms
\cite{zumino1,AGG}.
The correctly normalized anomaly is derived from the descent equation
\begin{equation}
\frac{i^{n+2}}{ (2\pi)^n (n+1)!} Tr F^{n+1}
= d \omega_{2n+1} (A), \quad\quad
\delta}\def\D{\Delta}\def\ddt{\dot\delta_v \omega_{2n+1} = d \omega^1_{2n} (v,A),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
 F=dA+A^2, \quad\quad  \delta}\def\D{\Delta}\def\ddt{\dot\delta_v A = dv + [A,v]
\end{equation}
and
$ v=v^a T^a $, $A = A^a T^a$. $v^a$ are commuting gauge
parameters and $T^a$'s are anti-Hermitian and are in the fundamental
representation.
Explicitly for $n=2$,
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \omega^1_4 (v,A) = \frac{1}{24 \pi^2} Tr [v d(AdA +\frac{1}{2}A^3)],\\
&&\omega_5(A) = \frac{1}{24 \pi^2} Tr[ A(dA)^2 + \frac{3}{2} A^3 dA +
\frac{3}{5} A^5 ].
\end{eqnarray}
In this notation,  the R-symmetry anomaly is
\begin{equation} \label{YManom}
v \cdot (D_i J^i) = - (N^2-1) \; \int_{S^4} \omega^1_4(v,A),
\end{equation}
where we used the convention for Einstein summation:
\begin{equation}
v \cdot F = \int d^{4}x \; v^a(x) F^a(x)
\end{equation}
for any $v^a(x)$ and $F^a(x)$.
The $N^2 -1$ factor is due to the
fact that $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$ is in the adjoint of $SU(N)$.

For $T^a$ in a general representation ${\bf R}$ of the group,
the corresponding quantities with the trace taken in ${\bf R}$ are
\begin{equation}
{\omega^1_{2n}}^{\bf R} = A({\bf R}) \omega^1_{2n}, \quad\quad
\omega_{2n+1}^{\bf R} =A({\bf R}) \omega_{2n+1} ,
\end{equation}
where $A({\bf R})$ is the anomaly coefficient defined by the ratio of the
$d$-symbol taken in the representation ${\bf R}$ and the fundamental
representation. In general $2n$ or $2n+1$ dimensions, since
the $d$-symbol is given by a symmetrized trace of $n+1$
Lie algebra generators,  it is easy to show that the complex conjugate
representation ${\bf R}^*$ has an anomaly coefficient
\begin{equation} \label{RR*}
A({\bf R}^*) = (-1)^{n+1} A({\bf R}).
\end{equation}

According to the AdS/CFT proposal, one should be able to see this
anomaly from the dual point of view of string theory.
To  leading order in $N$, one looks at the IIB
SUGRA compactified on $AdS_5 \times S^5$ \, . The tree level SUGRA action contains the
term \cite{GRW1,vN1,c3,dzf}
\begin{equation}
\label{sugraaction}
S_{cl}[A]= \frac{1}{4 g^2_{SG}} \int d^5 x  \sqrt{g}\,
 F_{\mu\nu}^a F^{\mu\nu a}  +
k \int_{AdS_5} \omega_5.
\end{equation}
We note that in terms of components,
$k \int \omega_5=\frac{i k}{96 \pi^2} \int d^5 x
d^{abc}\epsilon^{\mu\nu\lambda\rho\sigma}
A_\mu^a\partial_\nu A^b_\lambda\partial_\rho A^c_\sigma
+ \cdots $,
if one uses  Hermitian generators and the definition
of  $d$-symbol in \cite{dzf}.
From the dual gauge theory point of
view, since the current $J^a$ is coupled to the $SU(4)$ gauge fields
of the bulk,  using the AdS/CFT proposal one can determine
the coefficient $g^2_{SG}$ and $k$
from the 2-point and 3-point correlators of $J^a$ \cite{dzf} of the
gauge theory.
The
normalization to leading order in $N$
\begin{equation} \label{gkstd}
g_{SG}^2 = \frac{16 \pi^2}{N^2}, \quad k = N^2,
\end{equation}
has been determined in \cite{dzf}.
The ratio of the coefficient $g^2_{SG}$ and $k$  also agrees
with what one gets from supersymmetry \cite{GRW1,vN1}.
One may also determine  the values of $g_{SG}^2$ and $k$
from a dimensional reduction of the 10 dimensional
IIB SUGRA. This requires the knowledge of the $N$ dependence of $R$.
According to the
proposal \cite{c1,c2,c3}, the radius $R$ of $S^5$ is
determined by $R^4/\alpha'^2 = g_s^2 N$.
Using this, it is easy to determine the
normalization of the gauge kinetic energy term
and one indeed finds
$g_{SG}^2 = {16 \pi^2}/N^2$ and hence
$k=N^2$ using  SUSY.

In usual consideration of SUGRA on $AdS$, one considers gauge
configurations $A^a$ which vanish at the boundary and so the
Chern-Simons term is gauge invariant. For the consideration of AdS/CFT
correspondence, the boundary value of the $A^a$ is nonvanishing and
coupled to the R-currents $J^a$. Under a gauge variation
$\delta}\def\D{\Delta}\def\ddt{\dot\delta_v A$, the variation of the
Chern-Simons term is a boundary term
\begin{equation} \label{dS}
\delta}\def\D{\Delta}\def\ddt{\dot\delta_v S_{cl} = k \int_{S^4} \omega^1_4.
\end{equation}
Now by the conjecture~\cite{c1,c2,c3},
\begin{equation}
S_{cl}[A^a_{\mu}(x, x^5)]= \Gamma[A_i^a(x)],
\end{equation}
where $\Gamma$ is the generating functional
for current correlators in the boundary theory, and hence
\begin{equation}
\delta}\def\D{\Delta}\def\ddt{\dot\delta_v S_{cl} = \delta}\def\D{\Delta}\def\ddt{\dot\delta_v  \Gamma = - v \cdot (D_i J^i) .
\end{equation}
From this and \eq{dS}, one can read off the anomaly. It is
\begin{equation} \label{GRanom}
v \cdot (D_i J^i) =- N^2  \; \int_{S^4} \omega^1_4 (v,A),
\end{equation}
which agrees with the gauge theory computation \eq{YManom} to
leading order in $N$.

\section{Induced Chern-Simons}

As we have
seen in the previous section, the IIB  tree level SUGRA contains a
Chern-Simons term which can account for the chiral anomaly of the gauge
theory to leading order in $N$. But there is also a mismatch
of ``-1'' which is of order $1/N^2$.
In this section, we will examine the
$1/N$ corrections to the Chern-Simons action on the string theory side.
From the point of view of the IIB string theory,
an expansion in $1/N$ is a quantum expansion
beyond  tree level. In particular the $1/N^2$ correction to the
chiral anomaly corresponds to a  1-loop computation in IIB string
theory.
We will first examine the corrections coming from the
Kaluza-Klein states. Based on the origin of the Chern-Simons
action in $AdS_5$ supergravity, we will argue in the
discussion section that the other string states are not
likely to modify the Chern-Simons coefficient.

\underline{Fermionic contributions}

It is well known that chiral fermions in even dimensions
can give rise to an anomaly. Although there is no chirality in odd
dimensions, there is a similar phenomenon for fermions
in odd dimensions. Consider a Dirac fermion $\psi$ in odd
dimensions (flat) minimally
coupled  to  (external or gauge) vector
bosons $A_\mu$ of a group $G$.
At the quantum level, a
regularization needs to be introduced to make sense of the theory and
one cannot preserve both the gauge symmetry (small and large)  and the
parity at the same time \cite{fcs1,fcs2}.
If one chooses to preserve the gauge symmetry by doing a
Pauli-Villars regularization,  then there will be an induced
Chern-Simons term generated at one loop. The result is independent of
the fermion mass \cite{fcs2,AGPM}.
In our notation, the
induced Chern-Simons term is
\begin{equation} \label{ind}
\Delta \Gamma = \pm \frac{1}{2}\int \omega^{\bf R}_{2n+1} =
\pm \frac{1}{2} A({\bf R})  \int \omega_{2n+1},
\end{equation}
where ${\bf R}$ is the representation of the Dirac
fermion. The $\pm$ sign depends on
the regularization and can often be fixed within
a specific context.

This result was originally \cite{fcs1,fcs2} obtained
for fermions coupled to gauge fields in a flat spacetime and has been
extended to full generality for arbitrary curved backgrounds and any
odd dimensions
\cite{AGPM}. The induced parity violating terms are
given (up to a normalization factor)
by the secondary characteristic class
$Q(A,\omega)$ satisfying
\begin{equation} \label{Q}
dQ(A,\omega) = {\hat A(R)} ch(F) |_{2n+2},
\end{equation}
where $\omega$ is the gravitational connection.
Going one step down the descent relation, one gets
the chiral anomaly of a Dirac operator
defined on a curved manifold.
Since $ {\hat A(R)} = 1 + o(R^2)$
and $Tr F=0$ for $SU$, in five dimensions
there is only the gauge Chern-Simons
and the gravitational Chern-Simons terms from \eq{Q} and there is no
mixing term.
It is clear that the pure gauge Chern-Simons piece takes the same
expression \eq{ind} as in the flat case. This can  indeed
be expected from the
beginning as the gauge Chern-Simons form is independent of the metric.
It is also clear that there is no induced  gravitational Chern-Simons
term as  it would be related to a
gravitational anomaly in four dimensions, and gravitational anomalies
exist only in $4k+2$ dimensions.

Now we need the particle spectrum of the type IIB string theory on
$AdS_5 \times S^5$ \,. The only explicitly known states are the KK states
coming from the compactification
of the 10 dimensional IIB SUGRA multiplet \cite{vN2}. So we will
examine them first.
Particles in $AdS_5$ are classified by their unitary irreducible
representation of $ SO(2,4)$. Since $ SO(2,4)$ has the maximal compact
subgroup $SO(2)\times SU(2)\times SU(2) $, irreducible representations
are  labelled by the quantum numbers
$(E_0, J_1, J_2) $.
The complete  KK spectrum of the IIB SUGRA on $AdS_5 \times S^5$ \,
was obtained in  \cite{vN2} together with information on the
masses (in units of $1/R$)
\footnote{There seems to be a misprint for the masses of
the spin 3/2 in the table of \cite{vN2}.}
and the  representation content under $SU(4)_R$.
We reproduce these results in the following table
where we also give the
$SU(2)\times SU(2)$ content \cite{GRW2} for the fermionic towers.

\begin{equation} \label{table}
\begin{array}{lclclr}
         & SU(2)\times SU(2) &\mbox{masses}& & SU(4)_R \\
\psi_\mu & (1,1/2) & k+3/2    &k\geq 0  &{\bf 4, 20, \cdots}
&\leftarrow \\
	 & (1,1/2) &-(k+7/2)  &k\geq 0  &{\bf 4^*, 20^*, \cdots} \\
\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda       & (1/2,0) &-(k-1/2)  &k \geq 1 & {\bf \;\;\;\, 20^*, \cdots}
&\leftarrow \\
         & (1/2,0) & k+11/2   &k\geq 0  &{\bf 4, 20, \cdots} \\
\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda'      & (1/2,0) &-(k+3/2)  &k \geq 0 & {\bf 4^*,20^*,\cdots}
&\leftarrow \\
         & (1/2,0) & k+7/2    &k\geq 0  & {\bf 4, 20, \cdots}\\
\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda''     & (1/2,0) &-(k+9/2)  &k\geq 0  & {\bf 36, 140, \cdots}\\
	 & (1/2,0) &k+5/2     &k\geq 0  & {\bf 36^*, 140^*, \cdots}\\
\end{array}
\end{equation}

The fermions in this table are symplectic Majorana spinors.
For simplicity, we have only listed half of the field content.
The other half (``mirror'') consists of fields with  conjugate
$SU(4)_R$ content and with the
$SU(2)\times SU(2)$ quantum numbers exchanged \cite{GRW2}.
The first member of the  rows marked
with an $\leftarrow$ together form the fermionic sector of
the ${\cal N}=8$ supergravity multiplet: 8 gravitini and 48 spin 1/2.
We have chosen to list the ``left handed'' spinors here.
The ``chirality''  refers to the anti-de Sitter group $SU(2,2)$.
Since  the
Chern-Simons term in odd dimensions is related to the
chiral anomaly in
one lower dimension \cite{AGPM},
the ``chirality'' thus allows us to fix the $\pm$ sign of the induced
Chern-Simons term. In particular, the  ``right-handed''
(``left-handed'') spinor generates a Chern-Simons term
with + (-)  sign in \eq{ind}.  We should also remember \eq{RR*} that
the conjugate representation ${\bf R}^*$ has an opposite anomaly
coefficient in five dimensions.
To determine the net induced Chern-Simons
terms from all these states, we should also sum over
the ``mirror''.
Notice that  the ``right-handed'' sector
contributes exactly the same as the ``left-handed'' sector
because relative to the ``left'' sector, they get one
minus sign from the ``chirality'' and another one
from $A({\bf R}^*)$. Notice also that
the induced Chern-Simons term from
a symplectic Majorana spinor is half that of a Dirac spinor
because it contains half as many degrees of freedom.
Therefore effectively we can just sum over
the spectrum in the ``left handed'' sector above using the formula
\begin{equation} \label{ind1}
\Delta \Gamma =
- \frac{1}{2} A({\bf R})  \int_{AdS_5} \omega_{5}
\end{equation}
as if they are Dirac spinors.

It is clear that
the towers of $\psi_\mu, \lambda}\def\L{\Lambda', \lambda}\def\L{\Lambda''$  do not generate a net
induced Chern-Simons term as the states in these towers
all comes in pairs with their $SU(4)$ content conjugate of each
other.
However, as pointed out in \cite{vN2}, there is a missing
$k=0$ state (${\bf 4^*}$) in the first  tower of $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$.  There are
similar ``missing states'' in the  bosonic towers.
Together they are identified with the doubleton multiplet
of $SU(2,2|4)$ which consists of a gauge potential, six scalars and
four complex spinors. These are nonpropagating
modes in the bulk of $AdS_5$ and can be gauged away
completely \cite{vN2,GNW}, which is the reason
why they don't appear in the physical spectrum.
These modes are  exactly dual
to the $U(1)$ factor of the $U(N)$ SYM living on the boundary
\cite{rev}.
Since from the SYM point of view,
the -1 correction to the chiral anomaly is due the
decoupling of this $U(1)$ to give $SU(N)$, we expect that from the
dual point of view of the $AdS_5$ string theory,
the -1 correction would also find an explanation
entirely in terms of  these gauge modes.
Indeed, since there is an additional $k=0$ state
(``left-handed'' and in ${\bf 4}$) in the tower of $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$
which is not balanced out, there will be a
Chern-Simons term  of -1/2 (in units of $\int \omega_5$)
coming from this state. This is only half of the desired result.
However this is  not the complete story.

Let us recall the doubleton multiplet is absent because it has been
{\it gauged away} \cite{vN2} by imposing the gravitino gauge fixing
condition (see also \cite{GNW} for the gauging in the
case of $AdS_7 \times S^4$ case).
Hence to properly quantize the system, one has to introduce the
corresponding Faddeev-Popov ghosts. These ghosts will give another
contribution of $-1/2$ to the Chern-Simons coefficient. Indeed the ghost
multiplet contains bosonic spinors in exactly the same $SU(4)_R$
representation as the spinors of the doubleton multiplet, i.e. in
${\bf 4^*}$. Natively one would expect a contribution opposite to the
one of the unbalanced $k=0$ state (in ${\bf 4}$) of the $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$ tower.
However, since the ghosts have opposite statistics, they actually give
the same contribution, i.e. another -1/2. So altogether we get a total
induced Chern-Simons term of -1,
\begin{equation}
\Delta \Gamma =
-  \int_{AdS_5} \omega_{5},
\end{equation}
which is exactly the desired result.
Notice that the induced
Chern-Simons (coming with a constant integer coefficient)
is independent of the radius $R$
and this is consistent with the AdS/CFT proposal
since the anomaly and its corrections are independent of $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$.

\underline{Bosonic contributions}

There is another interesting effect related to the Chern-Simons action.
It is known that in three dimensions, the gluons at one loop
can modify the coefficient of the  Chern-Simons action by an integer
shift.
However, the
precise modification depends on the regularization scheme adopted
\footnote{
We thanks R. Stora for a useful discussion about the issues of
regularization.
}.
In five dimensions, it is easy to convince oneself that there is no
induced Chern-Simons Lagrangian coming
from the gluon loops.
The reason is simple. Suppose one adopt some regularization
scheme to compute the gluon loops that may generate an
induced Chern-Simons term. Since the gluons are in the adjoint
representation of the gauge group,  the diagrams are
proportional to the $d$-symbol of the adjoint representation, or $A({\bf
adj})$. For three dimensions, this is proportional to
the quadratic Casimir, but it is zero in five dimensions.
In general, \eq{RR*} says that $A({\bf R}^*) = A({\bf R}) $ for $4k+3$
dimensions and  $A({\bf R}^*) = - A({\bf R}) $ for $4k+1$ dimensions.
Hence $A({\bf adj}) =0$ for the present case. That the gauge bosons do
not modify the Chern-Simons coefficient was already noted by Witten
\cite{c2}. Moreover, since
the other members (${\bf 64, 175, \cdots}$)
of the spin 1 towers \cite{vN2} are all in real
representations, they also don't modify the Chern-Simons action.

We thus see that while gauge boson loops do not modify the magnitude
of the Chern-Simons action, the spinor loops do. Due to the intimate
relation with the chiral anomaly \cite{AGPM}, one expects that
there is a nonrenormalization theorem (counterpart of the
Bardeen nonrenormalization theorem for the chiral anomaly)
that protects the Chern-Simons action from
further corrections beyond one loop.

Combining the above, we find that at finite $N$, the
coefficient $k$ is shifted by
\begin{equation} \label{kshift}
k \rightarrow k-1\quad\mbox{or}\quad N^2 \rightarrow N^2 -1
\end{equation}
due to the quantum effects of the full set of Kaluza-Klein states.

\section{Discussion}

We have seen that the finite $N$ dependence of the $SU(4)_R$
chiral anomaly is exactly accounted for by the
quantum effects of the full set of KK states.
A  consistent truncation
to the 5 dimensional supergravity states does not do the job and has
no reason that it should.
In fact, the total
induced Chern-Simons term has its contribution coming
from the $k=0$ state of the $\lambda}\def\L{\Lambda$ tower and from the ghost spinors to
the doubleton multiplet, both have nothing to do with the five
dimensional
supergravity multiplet.
Thus the -1 shift at finite $N$ of the chiral anomaly
find a direct explanation entirely in terms
of the quantum effects of the doubleton multiplet in $AdS_5$,
which is known to be dual to the decoupled $U(1)$ factor of the gauge
theory. The whole picture is consistent.

For the AdS/CFT
proposal to work at finite $N$, the other string states shouldn't
contribute any further corrections to the Chern-Simons coefficient.
While we don't have a proof of this statement, we would like to argue
that this is plausible.

In \cite{harvey} the Kaluza-Klein origin of the
Chern-Simons action in gauged supergravity theory
was explored. In particular, it
was shown that for the case of  $AdS_7 \times S^4$ compactification of
the 11 dimensional SUGRA, the Chern-Simons term comes from the
11-dimensional Chern-Simons coupling $\int C \wedge G \wedge G$
upon compactification.
The origin of the Chern-Simons term in $AdS_5 \times S^5$ \, SUGRA was also discussed and
it is expected to arise similarly
from the compactification of the 10 dimensional IIB SUGRA.
However, there are some technical subtleties, the major one being
the lack of a covariant action of the IIB SUGRA. It would be very
interesting to work it out explicitly,
presumably the formalism of \cite{cov} will be useful.

Given that the Chern-Simons term has its origin in the 10 dimensional
SUGRA multiplet, it is natural to expect that
the quantum corrections to the Chern-Simons action are
also  confined to the states related to the  Kaluza-Klein
compactification
and we conjecture that this is indeed the case.

Since the trace anomaly and the R-symmetry
anomaly are in the same SUSY multiplet, a similar finite $N$
correction of -1 should also appear in the trace anomaly.
We expect that again the correction will have an explanation
entirely in terms of the quantum effects related to
the  doubleton multiplet.
It would be interesting to verify this explicitly.
This will provide a cross check of our conjecture here.

Loop effects in $AdS_5$ supergravity are definitely highly
nontrivial to compute.
In fact,  tree level calculations already call for the
invention of many ingenuous techniques and methods.
Were it not for the
topological character of the Chern-Simons action,
one will not be able to determine exactly
the parity violating term induced  at one loop.
For other processes involving loops, in addition to the
difficulty of evaluating  complicated momentum integrals, one also
has a lot  more states propagating since a truncation of states
to the 5 dimensional supergravity multiplet is not enough. It would be
interesting to find other quantities that can be calculated at one or
more loops
in order to provide other tests of the AdS/CFT proposal at finite $N$.

Since Chern-Simons action exists generally  in gauged supergravity
on $AdS_{p+1}$ space, they all have interpretation as chiral
anomaly in the dual CFT. For example, in the $AdS_7\times S^4$ case
discussed in \cite{harvey}, the Chern-Simons action has a coefficient
of $N^3$ and the $1/N^2$ correction would be of order $N$. We
suspect that this correction would again find an explanation in terms
of the doubleton multiplet, which now consists of a tensor gauge field,
four spinors and five scalars.

\bigskip
\vspace{.5cm}

\noindent{\large \bf Acknowledgments}

We would like to thank  L. Alvarez-Gaume, L. Bonora, J.-P. Derendinger,
D. Matalliotakis, R. Russo, R. Stora and B. Zumino
for discussions. We are particularly grateful
to  R. Russo for initial collaboration. Support by the Swiss National
Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
The Dripby Brew Editors1:44 pmJun 2, 20160
Citing irregularities, suit asks for election do-over
Results of Baltimore's April 26 primary should not have been certified, group argues in federal complaint
Above: Hassan Giordano discusses his group's federal lawsuit asking for the April 26 election in Baltimore to be nullified. (Fern Shen)
Alleging a "vote-buying scheme" and citing multiple irregularities including polling places opening late and a letter improperly discouraging ex-offenders from going to the polls, a group of activists has petitioned a U.S. District Court judge to order a new primary for Baltimore voters.
The group, Voters Organized for the Integrity of City Elections (VOICE), filed the 24-page complaint against the city and state election boards, arguing that only a new election could provide an adequate remedy for their mishandling of the April 26 primary.
"There is no practical way to account for the votes that were illegally produced through the promise of jobs and payment and the provision of chicken boxes and snack boxes," the 24-page complaint says.
The suit, filed by two candidates and an ex-offender in addition to VOICE, asks for the primary results to be nullified and for federal observers to be appointed to oversee the process.
State Sen. Catherine E. Pugh was declared the Democratic nominee for mayor, winning the election by 2,400 votes. Second-place finisher Sheila Dixon said earlier this week that she will not challenge the results of the election.
The Pugh campaign's busing of prospective campaign workers to the polls during early voting and offering them food drew criticism. Campaign officials at the time said there was no attempt to improperly influence voters.
State election officials reviewed the election, but the results did not change the outcome of any race. Their review found that about 1,200 provisional ballots were improperly scanned on Election Day and that 500 additional ballots were not considered.