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The Manitoba Act, 1870 () is an act of the Parliament of Canada, and part of the Constitution of Canada, that provided for the admission of Manitoba as the fifth province of Canada.

Receiving royal assent on May 12, 1870, the act also continued to enforce An Act for the Temporary Government of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territories when united with Canada upon the absorption of the British territories of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory into Canada on July 15, 1870.

Hoping to decrease tension, the act marked the legal resolution of the fight for self-determination between the federal government and the people (particularly the Métis) of the Red River Colony, which began in 1870 with Canada's purchase of Rupert's Land.

Many negotiations and uprisings came with this act, some of which are still not settled today. One area of contention was that the Métis people were not familiar with the enforcement of laws, and the concept of deeds and money - this resulted in many Métis people being cheated out of the land that was supposed to be theirs. While the act included protections for the region's Métis, these protections were not fully realized and resulted in many Métis leaving the province for the North-West Territories.

Background

The Province of Manitoba was previously the area settled by the people of the Red River Colony.

In 1884, Manitoba was organized in many different municipalities. The county of Selkirk, Manitoba happened to be one of the regions that had to be split up for the purpose of creating townships. This area was originally a part of Rupert's Land, which was where the fur traders did the majority of their hunting and trapping. Rupert's Land was controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), the largest fur trading company of its time. In the late 1860s, the HBC surrendered the land to the British Crown, through the Rupert's Land Act 1868. This caused severe controversy specifically in the area of the Red River Colony:. in the eyes of the British Crown and the Canadian government, the land was seen to be owned by the HBC, even though Indigenous and Métis people lived there. The Canadian government paid £300,000 for Rupert's Land, becoming the largest land purchase to date for the Canadian government.

Once the Canadian government claimed the land from the HBC, they began to set up Members of Parliament. William McDougall was appointed to be the Lieutenant Governor of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory in 1869. In September 1869, McDougall set out to Red River, accompanied by many administrative officers. The Métis were not consulted upon these government actions, thus causing a great amount of uproar and distress.

Rise of the Métis
The Métis became aware of the new government attempting to control their territory. A popularly elected convention supported the creation of a provisional government.

However, many of the Métis people did not have the ability to understand all the legal action due to a lack of education and experience. As result, Louis Riel was positioned leader for the Métis people, due to his educational experience from his time spent at school training to be a priest and lawyer, even though he never finished his schooling. As the Red River Colony was a bilingual area, Riel's ability to speak both French and English was also huge advantage. Riel and his supporters thereby created a provisional government, which was considered illegal by the federal government; this time period is known as the Red River Resistance (or Red River Rebellion).

Riel and the Métis prepared for the arrival of William McDougall and his accompanied administrative officers. Once they arrived at the border of the Red River Colony at the 49th Parallel, they encountered the armed party of the Métis, who denied them entry into the Colony by creating a barrier. McDougall did not give up his efforts at that point, instead staying in Pembina for approximately a month's time attempting to control the area. The Métis actions separated the Canadian party due to their barriers, while some were captured and held in jail at Fort Garry. On December 16, McDougall gave up his efforts for the time being. The Canadian government created a new expedition in attempts to establish sovereignty and establish a political solution.

The Red River Resistance started out as a non-violent protest and uprising toward the Canadian government. Riel and his people had occupied Fort Garry. A group of Ontario settlers who were opposed to the Riel uprising set out to the fort. This caused 45 men to be incarcerated in the fort by Riel and his people. While these men were incarcerated a major historical event occurred. A man by the name of Thomas Scott was executed while being held captive at the fort on March 4, 1870. This event has been analysed by many historians because it is hotly disputed why Scott was executed. The execution of Thomas Scott had a great impact on how the Canadian government and its supporters viewed the Métis. People were so outraged that when Riel was to make appearances at Parliament he did not attend in fear of getting himself killed. Despite the execution, the Canadian government was still working towards sovereignty.

The Manitoba Act, 1870 made the Red River Colony a part of Canada and created the province of Manitoba. Even with the Manitoba Act, 1870 in place, much work was to be done with the settling of land rights. Before land rights were settled, Sir John A. Macdonald sent a military expedition to Manitoba, led by Colonel Garnet Wolseley. This Red River Expedition became known as the Wolseley expedition. The government portrayed this expedition as non-punitive; however, the militiamen wanted to avenge the death of Thomas Scott. The ensuing chaos and retribution against the Métis population was labelled "The Reign of Terror" by newspapers in eastern Canada and the United States. Many Métis fled to Saskatchewan, while Louis Riel fled to the United States at this time.

Government
Manitoba entered Confederation as a province. English and French-language rights were safeguarded in the new legislature and the courts, as were Protestant and Roman Catholic educational rights. The right to education in either English or French, however, was not protected.

Ottawa agreed to pay subsidies to the provincial government. Roughly  of land (Assiniboia district) were set aside specifically for the betterment of the Métis nation. The province received four seats in the federal Parliament, which was a strong representation considering the small population.

John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier were both leading figures in the establishment of the Province of Manitoba during 1870. These two men shared personal alliances which made their conjunction a strong one when it came to political movements.

Métis list of rights
The Métis have traditionally been known to come from the Red River Colony. In areas such of the Red River Colony, the Métis came as result of many European trappers marrying and having children with the Indigenous women of the area. Throughout the years, the definition of Métis have gone through many changes. Due to this part-European heritage, often being labelled "half-blood" or "half-breeds," the Métis have struggled with recognition as a distinct Aboriginal people. Métis are not identified under the Indian Act of Canada causing a great amount of controversy. As they are not settlers nor are they fully Indigenous, Métis people are known to be "self-identified."

List of rights
In the 1990s, there was a separate definition for 'Red River Métis', a term created for individuals whose families' Métis ancestry came from Red River. The Red River Métis were directly involved in many elements of consideration for the Manitoba Act, 1870 - some requests were essential to be guaranteed by the Government of Canada in this act, such as the prospect of fishing was deemed to be limited to Métis people only, and that any parties intending to communicate with Métis people must be fluent in French.

Four successive lists of rights were drafted by the provisional government. In summary, the final list demanded that Manitoba be admitted into Confederation as a province, not a territory; that the lieutenant governor of the new province speak both French and English; and that members of the provisional government not face legal consequences for their actions in the Rebellion.

The following is the fourth and final iteration of the list of some of the Red River Métis' demands for the act.May 9, 1870

 That this province be governed:
 By a Lieutenant-Governor, appointed by the Governor-General of Canada;
 By a Senate;
 By a Legislature chosen by the people with a responsible ministry.
 That, until such time as the increase of the population in this country entitle us to a greater number, we have two representatives in the Senate and four in the Commons of Canada.
 That in entering the Confederation the Province of the Northwest be completely free from the public debt of Canada; and if called upon to assume a part of the said debt of Canada, that it be only after having received from Canada the same amount for which the said Province of the Northwest should be held responsible.
 That the annual sum of $80,000 be allotted by the Dominion of Canada to the Legislature of the Province of the Northwest.
 That all properties, rights and privileges enjoyed by us up to this day be respected, and that the recognition and settlement of customs, usages and privileges be left exclusively to the decision of the Local Legislature.
 That this country be submitted to no direct taxation except such as may be imposed by the local legislature for municipal or other local purposes.
 That the schools be separate, and that the public money for schools be distributed among the different religious denominations in proportion to their respective populations according to the system of the Province of Quebec.
 That the determination of the qualifications of members for the parliament of the province or for the parliament of Canada be left to the local legislature.
 That in this province, with the exception of the Indians, who are neither civilized nor settled, every man having attained the age of 21 years, and every foreigner being a British subject, after having resided three years in this country, and being Possessed of a house, be entitled to vote at the elections for the members of the local legislature and of the Canadian Parliament, and that every foreigner other than a British subject, having resided here during the same period, and being proprietor of a house, be likewise entitled to vote on condition of taking the oath of allegiance. It is understood that this article is subject to amendment, by the local legislature exclusively.
 That the bargain of the Hudson's Bay Company with respect to the transfer of government of this country to the Dominion of Canada, never have in any case an effect prejudicial to the rights of Northwest.
 That the Local Legislature of this Province have full control over all the lands of the Northwest.
 That a commission of engineers appointed by Canada explore the various districts of the Northwest, and lay before the Local Legislature within the space of five years a report of the mineral wealth of the country.
 That treaties be concluded between Canada and the different Indian tribes of the Northwest, at the request and with the co-operation of the Local Legislature.
 That an uninterrupted steam communication from Lake Superior to Fort Garry be guaranteed to be completed within the space of five years, as well as the construction of a railroad connecting the American railway as soon as the latter reaches the international boundary.
 That all public buildings and constructions be at the cost of the Canadian Exchequer.
 That both the English and French languages be common in the Legislature and in the Courts; and that all public documents as well as the acts of the Legislature be published in both languages.
 That the Lieutenant-Governor to be appointed for the province of the Northwest be familiar with both the English and French languages.
 That the Judge of the Supreme Court speak the English and French languages.
 That all debts contracted by the Provisional government of the territory of the Northwest, now called Assiniboia, in consequence of the illegal and inconsiderate measures adopted by Canadian officials to bring about a civil war in our midst, be paid out of the Dominion treasury, and that none of the Provisional government, or any of those acting under them, be in any way held liable or responsible with regard to the movement or any of the actions which led to the present negotiations.

Guarantees of the act

Land
In the Métis' favour, the Manitoba Act, 1870 guaranteed that the Métis would receive the title for the land that they already farmed and in addition they would receive  of farmland for the use of their children. This land was to be divided up through an application process.

The act also set aside land for the Métis, with each family receiving a scrip (a certificate) saying they owned , amounting to a total of about 5600 km2. The number of applications that the government was going to receive was greatly underestimated. The 1.4 million acres of land was not enough for the number of applications. The Canadian government began giving money for land, the equivalent value of $1 per acre, which was the current land value at that time.

Section 31 reads, in part:

Religious and language rights
The act covered an array of topics. It contained religious and language rights. It allowed the Métis to have rights to have denominational schools. The act stated that laws had to be written and enforced in both French and English, either English or French can be used in the Legislature of Manitoba and any courts established by either Canada or the Province must use both languages. These have led to political controversy such as the Manitoba Schools Question in the nineteenth century, as denominational school rights were curtailed.

Parliament of Canada
The act also provided for Manitoba to send four members to the House of Commons of Canada and two members to the Senate of Canada.

Controversies
Since the Manitoba Act, 1870 was put into action, it has been adjusted and under review multiple times. Historian D. N. Sprague notes that the land assigned to the Métis in the Manitoba Act, 1870 was later revised by government laws, which took land away from the Métis. In order to receive scrip for children living or deceased, proof of birth in Manitoba prior to 1871 was required. Proof could be in the form of a baptismal or death certificate from the church, or a letter from an employer such as the HBC. The legislature also enacted English-only laws, which were later found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case Reference re Manitoba Language Rights (1985). The Manitoba Act, 1870, and Section 31 in particular, was also used in the 2013 Supreme Court case Manitoba Métis Federation v. Canada and Manitoba.

The Manitoba School Crisis
Most clauses in the Manitoba Act, 1870 were agreed upon apart from one. Topics such as language and religion were safeguarded by the government and recognized by the Canadian court system. The clause on the right to English and French in educational systems was not safeguarded and was instead disputed amongst political figures. Notable people such as Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau and Liberal leader Alexander Mackenzie had opposing views on the clause that would affect the right to education in French or English.

Section 31
Section 31 required the government to provide a tract of land to each Métis child upon reaching the age of 21 years, from a notional pool of 1.4 million acres of land appropriated for this purpose. Métis families were promised a large amount of land through the Manitoba Act, 1870. The government, however, did not grant the land until the land had been surveyed. The act, therefore, ensured this process. However, the Canadian government later realized that the amount of land that was promised fell short compared to the number of Métis children entitled. This issue is what changed the process of receiving land by lottery draw through the Land Titles Office to money scrips. The government decided to allot money scrips in place of land, which could only be provided for the purchase of lands in government-owned parts of the Northwest Territories. In subsequent legal case regarding Section 31, the Court claimed that "there was no request for, expectation of or consideration by Canada to create a Métis homeland or land base."

Validity of the Manitoba Act, 1870
Following the enactment of the Manitoba Act, 1870, questions arose whether the federal Parliament had the constitutional authority to create new provinces by ordinary federal statute. To eliminate any uncertainty on this point, the Imperial Parliament enacted the Constitution Act, 1871, which confirmed that the federal Parliament had the power to establish new provinces and provide for their constitutions.

See also
 History of Manitoba
 Winnipeg
 Timeline of Winnipeg history
 Republic of Manitoba

References

External links

 L'Encyclopédie de l'histoire du Québec / The Quebec History Encyclopedia: Manitoba Act
 Canadian Encyclopedia: Manitoba Act
 The Solon Law Archive: Manitoba Act 1870

Canadian federal legislation
Constitution of Canada
Legal history of Canada
Political history of Manitoba
Manitoba law
1870 in Canadian law
May 1870 events


Pat Arrabito, LLT Productions, Inc.
ASi Young Professionals . . . and more!
Children's meetings are also planned!
Inspiring music will be provided by Weimar Institute Chamber Singers with Erwin Nanasi, director.
Everyone is invited to our annual ASi Pacific Union Conference. We'll be returning to the beautiful Weimar Institute campus in northern California. Visit our conference page to learn more and register for this weekend event.
ASi promotes a Christ-centered lifestyle, manifested by a daily commitment and surrender to God. ASi members seek to experience God's love personally and in their relationships with others, including those they encounter in their everyday work and activities, hence the motto, "Sharing Christ in the Marketplace."
ASi supports the Seventh-day Adventist Church and its various outreach programs including health, education, evangelism, community services, family ministries, and special projects. This unique and diverse group is composed of business owners, professionals, and supporting ministry leaders.
For more information about joining ASi, visit www.asiministries.org.


Fashion is a trend, style is a way of life.
What has society done to our self esteem that we give each other an expiration date? Who made these rules that after a certain age we can't wear something because of our age? Give us a break. Style doesn't have an age. And these style icons have been proving it every year of their 60+ years. These women prove that age is trivial.
Screw those dated ideals of aging "gracefully" or dress your age.
Find a trademark accessory and hold on to it.
Maintain your flair for drama.
Each one of these iconic women live by these "rules"…yet go ahead and make your own rules. Because if age teaches us anything, rules were meant to be broken.
Iris Apfel. 96 years young, and eternally hip!
2. Linda Rodin: Former model, stylist, fashion editor, and now beauty entrepreneur, she is known for her silver hair, vibrant lipstick and audacious eye wear. At 66 years young, she is still being scouted by famous photographers and ad campaigns.
3. Lyn Slater: At 63, this professor-turned fashion blogger is an inspiration for women who have taken a stand against ageism. This grandmother wears what she wants and does it with more style than most 20-somethings. Her blog is as ageless as she is. Check it out Accidental Icon.
4. Models for J. Crew: Cool is ageless and timeless. They always select the perfect style icons for their brand.
5. Now let's shop to add some ageless cool accessories to your wardrobe…maybe you can be the next accidental icon.
← Happy Valentine's Day…the worst holiday of the year?


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Knollwood Gun Club
Skeet: yes | Trap: no | 5 Stand: no | Sporting: no | FITASC: no | Other: no | Birds: no
5 Miles South of Oswego on Rt. 71.
Contact: Club Manager
Location: 7475B Route 71 Yorkville, IL 60560
Website: http://www.knollwoodgunclub.com
Open to Guests/Public Sundays 10 am to 3 pm
Charles Simms	of Naperville, Illinois reviewed on March 11, 2017
I have never shot skeet before but my friends and I decided to try so we went to Knollwood last Feb. 19. The guy at the counter was very receptive and helpful. People at this club were cracking jokes every minute of our visit which made us feel comfortable. Zoe who works at the club came out and pulled targets for us. She was very patient even though my friends and I were struggling to hit flying clays. I would recommend people to try and shoot at this club. Hitting a flying clay target is a lot of fun.
Jane Muller	of Montgomery, Illinois reviewed on June 28, 2014
Me and my friend who's visiting from Ohio walked in at this club on a Sunday afternoon a few months ago. Tom the guy at the clubhouse counter was very accommodating. He charged us member fees for our rounds since it's our first time visiting the club. A guy named Bliss volunteered pulling targets for us. He also explained to us patiently how the game is played. The club has 3 skeet fields if I remembered it right. The view is very nice and people at the club were friendly. I can't wait going back to shoot more at this club!
B. Bragas	of Aurora, Illinois reviewed on May 10, 2012
The facility is about 30 mins. drive from my residence. Went there to shoot today (May 6). I had 3 rounds of skeet and the fees are affordable. They have 3 skeet fields and I am amazed by their staff's hospitality. Bryan, Jim, Barney and Roger (Bryan's son), were all amazing. There is another gentleman who I forgot his name that helped me. I appreciate Bryan's pointers with the basics of clay sports and I will definitely be going there more often. Being newbie in clay sports, I can say we need folks like them to promote the sport. I am strongly recommending this gun club to anybody and me and my friends will surely be frequent guests in the coming days:->>>
Jon Fisher	of Hoffman Estates, IL reviewed on April 20, 2009
My son and I visited Knollwood for the first time on 4/19 and we were very impressed by the friendliness of the club members and the excellent Skeet facilities. It's a relatively long drive from Hoffman Estates, but I enjoyed the experience there and plan to shoot there again!
Dave Bryan	of Jacksinville Arkansas reviewed on September 4, 2008
I have been to the Chicago area on business twice in the last 2 months. During the first trip, I called every range listed and found almost all were private with no access to the public. I finally contacted Knollwood and was told they were open to the public on Sundays. I was welcomed like an old friend and felt as at home as at my home club. I shot 4 rounds each trip and with a different group for each round and truly enjoyed it. They have 3 very well maintained fields with excellent backdrops. I will be in the Chicago area a lot on my new job and will visit Knollwood on every trip.
Ken Smith	of Carol Stream, IL reviewed on November 20, 2005
Relationship to facility: Member
Number of visits: More than 10
This club provides 3 of the best maintained skeet fields in Northeastern Illinois. Several registered shoots are hosted each year. It is the home club to some of the most accomplished skeet shooters in all of Illinois. It provides a comfortable, congenial atmoshpere where you will always feel welcome and appreciated. I encourage you to visit whenever you are able.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Most families want to take their children on safari in Africa on a holiday they will never forget. Family safari holidays in Africa are ideal times for bonding, forgetting about school and work stresses and really learning about the natural environment around you. Children revel in the great outdoors, in seeing and learning about new animals and trees, insects and birds. There are many family-friendly destinations in Africa offering spacious accommodation for adults and children.
Children can start enjoying the bush from as young as 3 years old. Wildlife experts will take your younger children on exciting adventure safaris for the kiddies and teach them about survival in the wilderness. They will discover how everything affects everything else and how people are part of the food chain. Taking young children on safari is quite an undertaking but there are family safari holiday experts in Africa who remove the stress for you. Your holiday in the wilderness turns into a fun adventure where you all become closer to one another.
Maybe plan a week or two in Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia or Kenya to see the natural environment in its best beautiful state. Malaria free holidays are popular but most families need to just take the precautions against mosquitoes and no one will get malaria. There are malaria free destinations and safari lodges in Africa offering unique holidays for the whole family.
Start with Tshukudu Bush Lodge, tucked away on the side of a hill within the remnants of an extinct volcano in the malaria free Pilanesberg Game Reserve. Find 5-star accommodation hemmed in by mountains and overlooking a vibrant watering hole with exquisite views. Set off on game drives with midway stops for morning coffee, muffins and sundowner. Expert guides will keep guests captivated by their knowledge of the indigenous flora and fauna. No need to wander far to see game which congregates at the waterhole.
Taking teenagers on holiday is quite another story! They will feel completely removed from their city life and may even blame you for ruining their holiday. But give them a day or two and they will completely unwind and become part of the exciting safari experience. It is after all an adventure in the wilds where lions and leopards prowl and elephant herds surround your game botviewing vehicle if you are lucky. Take them on bush walks and allow expert rangers to feed them knowledge about the ecosystems, food chains and other fascinating environmental facts. Entice them to try horse riding safaris and relaxing around huge swimming pools afterwards. Many safari lodges in Africa offer outdoor activities such as mountain biking, well-equipped gyms and trekking rhinos.
Family safari holidays in Africa are thrilling, bonding and worth every cent. Remember it is wild out there so every member of your family needs to take care and listen to their rangers and trackers. Your expert travel consultants will make sure you fly in and out of your chosen safari destination with ease and safety. You get to unwind in the wilderness while we do the nitty gritty for you. An all-inclusive safari package includes meals, drinks, transfers and some activities.
At Jock Safari Lodge your family is well looked after. Your plush thatched accommodation is carefully screened by lush trees and reed walls and each chalet imparts a sense of aloneness and oneness with the landscape. Enjoy morning and evening game drives in covered 4×4 Land Rovers with highly experienced rangers in the legendary Kruger National Park. Other activities include game walks, bird watching, stargazing, visits to rock art sites and spa treatments at the Pilgrims Rest Relaxation Retreat.


This week the Abu-MaTran project has also been to the RANLP 2015 (Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing) conference in Hissar (Bulgaria).
Nikola Ljubešić and Filip Klubička from the University of Zagreb are attending the conference and presenting a paper jointly written with another Abu-MaTran researcher, Miquel Esplà-Gomis from Universitat d'Alacant, which describes a tool for predicting inflectional paradigms for unknown words to be added to a morphological lexicon (conference proceedings). Much of the work done for the purposes of this paper has been done during the authors' respective academia-to-industry secondments at Prompsit Language Engineering in Elx (Spain).
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on September 11, 2015 by Antonio Toral.


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An Investment-Led Economy
commonweal
Common Weal publishes its latest policy paper – the culmination of all of our work to date as we have been researching various policy areas as well as discussing and debating the purpose of economic policy and the potential for Scotland's economy post-independence.
The paper, An investment-Led Economic Development Framework For An Independent Scotland, can be downloaded here.
The economy should serve society, not the other way around and the success of an economy should not be measured merely in terms of its size or its rate of growth.
Instead, the report lays down a series of eleven social impacts which, report argues, make for better indicators of the health of a nation's economy than GDP. These impacts are; sufficiency, security, wellbeing, opportunity, sustainability, equality, development, stability, democracy, civicness and internationalism.
In these, the UK's economy fails to a great and growing degree as it is based on a limited range of unproductive sectors – financial speculation, asset value inflation, debt-fuelled consumption, and concentration and monopoly. This attitude favours economic concentration, "Pooling" the benefits of economic growth with only a few people and in only a few geographic areas – London and the South East of England and only begrudgingly "Sharing" with the rest of us. Not only does this mean that London captures a disproportionatly large proportion of the UK's national wealth, it means that the other regions cannot develop an economic strategy that is responsive to their needs.
Most conventional economic commentators measure the success of a national economy based on its size and on its rate of growth. In more recent years, there have been attempts to sanitise this approach by adding qualifiers such as "inclusive growth" or "sustainable growth" but the basic foundation of growth-based economics remains.
This report argues that as a servant of society, an economy should be measured against a broader range of metrics and lays out 12 key pillars: stability, monetary policy, fiscal policy, infrastructure, energy, connectivity, human resources, natural resources, finance and investment, research, development and innovation, capital and productivity, and trading environment.
From here, the report examines the UK economy in this light and finds that its approaches over the past 40 years – particularly with policies such as "trickle down" economics and privatisation – have failed to properly account for the externalities of trade and so is scientifically illiterate in the face of climate change.
To this end, the report goes on to lay out ten packages of actions that Scotland could undertake – some of which could be started now, many of which would require independence – that would help move to an investment-led economy. Whilst this report is not in itself a prospectus for a Scottish "Green New Deal" – that will be the subject of a subsequent Common Weal policy paper – these packages are all compatible with and would form the foundation of such a Green Deal.
The plans of action are:
Create a monetary and fiscal environment conducive to investment. During the development phase of Scotland's independence, it will be recognised that an independent currency and strong monetary institutions are vital and that cutting deficits suppressing the economy and pushes deficits onto private and household sectors.
Strengthen the foundational economy. Scotland should prioritise core public needs such as energy, transport, infrastructure, and postal and communication services and should tackle growing problems in housing and food sectors with a much more interventionalist approach.
Build a public investment model. Led by the Scottish National Investment Bank, Scotland should set up a series of National Companies tasked with driving investment in a strategic way across public, civic and private sectors. A public stock exchange would support businesses seeking equity and local banking networks would support small and local businesses.
Produce an industrial strategy. Scotland's industrial strategy would be designed to boost, develop and stimulate the productive economy and rebalance away from low-pay sectors. Key also would be anchoring strategies to maintain businesses in Scotland for the long term.
Invest in human capital. From industrial democracy and collective bargaining, through workers' rights and social security, a Universal Basic Income and more recognition of unpaid labour, encouraging entrepreneurialism and creating a welcoming immigration strategy not solely based on economic reasons there is much that Scotland could do to focus attention on how well we live in this country rather than just how much we produce for our employers.
Implement a resource management strategy. Scotland's resources are vast but many are exploited unsustainably or are being used in ways which benefit too few. Much better use of our land and marine assets would be prioritised.
Decentralise economic policy. Though not on anywhere near the magnitude of the UK as a whole, Scotland still suffers from regional economic inequalities. Development Councils – a radical form of local government – would be used to boost local ownership of development policy and help to stop over-concentration of economic activity within Scotland.
Reorient business support. Scotland should take a more strategic, value based approach to business support. Diversification of ownership models should be encouraged and the public sector should take an "entrepreneurial state" approach in many areas of the economy.
Do no harm. Scotland must take climate change seriously. Small tweaks to the current system or delaying action beyond the next election is no longer tenable. A Green New Deal should be developed and enacted. Instead of debt-fuelled consumption, a sharing economy with a much more circular approach should be built. "Reduce, repair, re-use and recycle" should replace "take, make, use and dump".
Start with a boost. Setting up a new country will take a lot of work and will require a large sum of money invested to create the new services and infrastructure that Scotland currently lacks entirely or needs to vastly expand. A new country should not start life with a decade of deficit reduction at a time when the need for transformational investment will be at its more vital.
We believe that independence will be required to meet all of these goals and we believe that meeting these goals will be a reason to fight for independence. With these, we have created a vision of a Scotland to come which can not only meet the hopes and aspirations of its citizens but can bring them together in a shared enterprise of making all of our lives better.
Policy Document— 21.04.19
An Investment-Led Economic Development Framework For An Independent Scotland
Blueprint for a Scottish National Investment Bank
From 'I' to 'We': Changing the narrative in Scotland's relationship with consumption
How to make a Currency: A Practical Guide
Banking for the Common Good: Laying the foundations of safe, sustainable, stakeholder banking in Scotland


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Lukashenko accuses NATO of hatching aggressive plans on Belarus | Belarus News
Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko has accused NATO of hatching aggressive plans and threatened neighbours Lithuania and Poland with counter-sanctions.
Lukashenko, who has ruled the 9.5-million nation in Eastern Europe with an iron fist since 1994, blamed the West for fomenting demonstrations in Belarus in hopes of turning it into a "bridgehead against Russia".
"They want to topple this government and replace it with another one that would ask a foreign country to send troops in support," he said on Friday. "They want our market to sell their products."
NATO has rejected previous such claims by Lukashenko.
NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said this week that Lukashenko tries to conjure up the image of outside forces threatening Belarus as an excuse for his crackdown on the opposition, which has seen hundreds of protesters beaten by police.
In addition, the idea that Belarus's ailing Soviet-style economy would be seen as a beacon for exporters seems to defy current economic realities.
Protests have been fuelled by growing weariness about Lukashenko's rule, his cavalier dismissal of the coronavirus pandemic and a bruising economic fallout from the outbreak in a country where living standards were already sinking.
Threats against Poland, Lithuania
The 65-year-old Belarusian leader threatened to retaliate against neighbours Poland and Lithuania, which pushed strongly for the European Union's sanctions against his government.
Lithuania also hosted the main opposition challenger in the vote, Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, who moved there after the vote, pressured by Belarusian authorities.
Lukashenko said Belarus would strike back by halting imports via Lithuanian ports and force its western neighbours to use longer routes via the Baltics and the Black Sea in their trade with Russia and China.
"Let us see who will get scared first, we will show them sanctions," he said.
"I have ordered the government to divert all trade flows away from Lithuanian ports. They have grown spoiled, and now we will show them their place."
"They were doing transit via us, but now they will need to go over the Baltics or the Black Sea to trade with Russia," Lukashenko said.
Lithuanian Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis responded in a Facebook statement, saying if Lukashenko fulfils his threat it will mostly hurt Belarus and its people.
Lukashenko has repeatedly sought to cast the protests that are demanding his resignation as part of a Western plot against Russia, in a bid to secure Moscow's support.
Russian President Vladimir Putin warned on Thursday that he stands ready to send police into Belarus if protests there turn violent but sees no such need yet.
Anti-government protests
The wave of protests that came after election officials declared Lukashenko had won a sixth term in a landslide in the August 9 presidential election has cast an unprecedented challenge to his rule.
On Friday, hundreds of opposition supporters again formed "chains of solidarity" across Minsk as the protests entered their 20th day.
"A peaceful protest is stronger than clubs and fear," said 30-year-old demonstrator Maxim Zhurkov. "We feel that we are the majority, and that means that a breakthrough will come."
The opposition is bracing for another big rally in Minsk on Sunday. Demonstrations around the capital's main square peaked to about 200,000 over the past two Sundays, the biggest protests the country has ever seen.
Source – www.aljazeera.com
Related Topics:BelarusEuropeNATO
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Jeff Williams
Ugandan businessman and MTN Uganda Chairman Charles Mbire has seen the market value of his stake in MTN Uganda surge above $51 million in just two days, as the share price in the leading teleco company increased by a single digit.
The single-digit bump in the share price caused the market value of Mbire's stake to gain UGX4.42 billion ($1.24 million) in less than two days.
The million-dollar increase in the value of his stake came after Uganda's largest telecom company delivered the country's largest-ever IPO through the listing of 22.4 billion ordinary shares on the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE).
Upon completing the largest IPO in Uganda's history, MTN Uganda raised a record UGX535 billion ($150.4 million) from the applications that it received for a total of 2.9 billion shares, including incentive shares.
As of press time, Dec. 7, shares in the company were trading at UGX204.95 ($0.0574), down six basis points from their opening price this morning.
Data gathered by Billionaires.Africa revealed that since the telecom company registered its shares on the Ugandan bourse on Mon., Dec. 6, its share price has increased by 2.5 percent from UGX200 ($0.056) to UGX204.95 ($0.0574) as of the time of writing, as retail investors sustained buying interest long after the public offering.
The increase in the company's share price caused the market value of Mbire's 3.98-percent stake to rise from UGX178.45 billion ($49.96 million) to UGX182.86 billion ($51.2 million).
In less than two days, his stake gained more than UGX4.42 billion ($1.24 million).
In a statement after the successful listing of MTN Uganda's shares, Mbire said the IPO shows the confidence that Ugandans and other investors have in the company, its brand and strategic intent.
"We commend all the regulators for their support in our work to become a USE-listed company and to comply in a timely manner with the listing provisions of the national telecommunications operators' license," he said.
Steady but sure-MBIRE who is the biggest investor on Ugandas Stock exchange with stocks valued at more than $55 million is laughing all the way to the bank after MTN declared the latest dividend payout.He has steadily grown his business empire which is believed to be more that $350 million (debt free).
Steady but sure-MBIRE who is the biggest investor on Ugandas Stock exchange with stocks valued at more than $55 million is laughing all the way to the bank after MTN declared the latest dividend payout.He has steadily grown his business empire which is believed to be more that $350. ( debt free).
He is into communications-revenue assurance-cement-distribution-oil services-real estate-oil exploration and logistics.
Source: Billionaires Africa
A two-year-old child died at Arua Regional Referral hospital after a nurse, Paul Wamala demanded a bribe amounting to Shs 210,000 before carrying out an operation.
The incident happened on Saturday, after Aron Nabil, a two-year-old child was referred to the hospital for an operation after he was diagnosed with intestinal obstruction, a medical emergency caused by a blockage that keeps food or liquid from passing through the small intestine or large intestine.
According to the relatives of the child, Wamala allegedly asked them to initially give him Shs 30,000 to buy medicines to commence the procedure. He however returned shortly asking for an additional Shs 180,000 from the relatives.
Emily Adiru, a resident of Osu cell, in Bazar Ward, Central Division, and a relative of the child says although they paid money to Wamala, he abandoned the child without carrying out the operation. According to Adiru, Wamala later refunded Shs 200,000 through mobile money, after she threatened to report him to the police.
"They told us this boy needs an operation which was supposed to be done in the morning on Sunday at around 7 am. They took him inside there, some doctor came from the theatre, he called one of us and said, we should pay Shs 70,000 for buying medicine to start the operation. We paid the Shs 30,000 [but] after paying the Shs 30,000, after some minutes, the same man came and opened the door and called us again, and told us we should pay another Shs 100,000. We also paid the Shs 100,000 and we thought it is finished. We were outside there waiting for our patient to come out [but] then this man came back again and said we should pay another Shs 80,000," said Adiru.
Although the operation was later carried out after a 7-hour delay, the child didn't make it, and relatives attribute the death to negligence. Miria Ahmed, a concerned resident wonders why such incidents have persisted at the facility which is supposed to service the citizens.
"Is the problem the hospital, is it the management or it is the human resource that is the problem in the hospital? A small child like this you demand Shs 210,000 for the operation? Well, if the money was taken and the operation is done, I would say anything bad but this money was taken and the small boy was abandoned in the theatre," she said.
When contacted Wamala refused to comment on the allegations. Dr Gilbert Aniku, the acting hospital director says that the hospital will issue an official statement later since consultations about the matter are ongoing.
Arua City resident district commissioner, Alice Akello has condemned the actions of the nurse saying she has ordered his arrest so as to set an example to the rest. The case has been reported to Arua regional referral hospital police post under SD reference No:05/30/05/2022.
Source – observer.ug
Activists say the planned tourist train will harm the wildlife and natural features of the Yucatan Peninsula.
Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador has been dealt the latest setback to an ambitious plan to create a tourist train to connect the country's southern Yucatan Peninsula.
On Monday, a judge indefinitely suspended construction on a portion of the project, known as the Mayan Train, saying the plans currently do not comply "with the proceedings of the environmental impact evaluation".
The ruling follows a legal challenge by activists who said they were concerned the 60km (37 mile) portion of the train that would connect the resorts of Playa del Carmen and Tulum would adversely affect the area's wildlife, as well as its caves and water-filled sinkholes known as cenotes.
The original plan for the disputed section was for an overpass over a highway, but the route was modified early this year to go through jungle at ground level.
The federal judge cited the "imminent danger" of causing "irreversible damage" to ecosystems, according to one of the plaintiffs, the non-governmental group Defending the Right to a Healthy Environment. In a statement, the group said that authorities had failed to carry out the necessary environmental impact studies before starting construction of the section.
Lopez Obrador had announced the ambitious project in 2018, with construction beginning in 2020. The roughly 1,500km (930 mile) cargo and passenger rail loop was presented as a cornerstone of a wider plan to develop the poorer states and remote towns throughout the about 181,000sq km (70,000sq mile) Yucatan Peninsula.
The railway is set to connect Caribbean beach resorts with Mayan archaeological ruins, with authorities aiming to complete the project by the end of 2023. The plan is estimated to cost about $16bn.
The project has split communities across the region, with some welcoming the economic development and connectivity it would bring. Others, including some local Indigenous communities, have challenged the project, saying it could not only disrupt the migratory routes of endangered species, including jaguars, tapirs and ocelots, but could also potentially damage centuries-old Mayan archaeological sites.
The National Fund for the Promotion of Tourism, the government agency overseeing the project, has said that it expects to "overcome" the latest challenge and that work should continue after an environmental impact statement is finalised. It said the Environment Ministry was currently reviewing its environmental application for the project.
For his part, Lopez Obrador has insisted the railway will not have a significant environmental effect and has accused activists of being infiltrated by "impostors".


text:
Byelection looms as Victoria councillor Laurel Collins headed to Ottawa
CTV Vancouver Island
Scott Cunningham Journalist, CTV Vancouver Island
@CTVNewsScott Contact
Published Monday, October 21, 2019 10:11PM PDT Last Updated Tuesday, October 22, 2019 6:42PM PDT
Only one year into her first term as a Victoria city councillor, Laurel Collins is headed for Ottawa.
Capturing Victoria's federal riding, the NDP MP-elect leaves a hole in the council chambers which will need to be filled.
"It will be good to have someone who has an understanding of cities representing Victoria in Ottawa," said Victoria Mayor Lisa Helps.
"Whether it's prosperity creation or fighting climate change, cities are poised to lead in the 21st century. Having a city councillor MP is an asset."
So, how does it work?
According to the City of Victoria, Collins — who is on council-approved leave until Oct. 25 — must inform the city of her intentions. If she wishes to vacate her posting as a councillor, a byelection will be triggered immediately.
First, the city will appoint a chief elections officer to oversee the byelection. Next, the city must inform the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing of the empty council seat.
Once the municipality appoints the official elections officer, the byelection must take place within 80 days.
Victoria Mayor Lisa Helps told CTV News that she expects the byelection to launch in February 2020 at the cost of approximately $200,000.
Laurel Collins celebrates her victory: Oct. 21, 2019 (CTV News)
NDP candidate Laurel Collins projected winner in Victoria


Thank you for taking your time to schedule an appointment with me.
Please provide your phone number so I can call you at the scheduled time. For any questions or concerns you may reach me at 714.612.6118 or sharon@margulesleadershipconsulting.com.


SWINDON Robins will extend a hand of friendship to fans of former local rivals Reading Racers this season.
Homeless Reading will have a team in the Midland and Southern Development League and Swindon will welcome them to the Abbey for their home meetings.
It's a move which will go down well with frustrated Racers fans who lost their Smallmead Stadium track a decade ago.
The famous winged wheel returned to competitive action in 2017 when a group of supporters led by Emma Pike, Mat Stevens and Gene Carter entered the Southern Development League racing their home fixtures at Eastbourne.
Swindon co-promoter Lee Kilby said: "To introduce development speedway to our fixture list in 2019 is a wonderful addition.
"I am a huge fan of this level of racing having been involved with the Midland development division in 2018. At this level, Reading were always a team and a club that impressed me. They were always very well organised, and always professional in their approach.
"Offering them the chance to race at the Abbey is a win win for all concerned. It offers our supporters an additional six heats of action to watch at six of our scheduled home meetings, and it gives Reading and their supporters a much closer home track than the near 180-mile round trip they faced to race at Eastbourne over the last two seasons.
"We've already discussed as a management team about the benefits of running our home meetings a little slicker and to a tighter schedule reducing the meeting running time, and now we have these additional races to add in the programme, we've got another reason to do so.


text:
package org.apache.sis.internal.referencing.provider;

import java.util.Locale;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import javax.measure.unit.NonSI;
import javax.measure.quantity.Angle;
import org.opengis.geometry.Envelope;
import org.opengis.util.FactoryException;
import org.opengis.referencing.operation.TransformException;
import org.apache.sis.referencing.operation.matrix.Matrix3;
import org.apache.sis.geometry.Envelope2D;
import org.apache.sis.geometry.Envelopes;
import org.apache.sis.test.TestCase;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.opengis.test.Assert.*;

// Branch-dependent imports
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.Files;

/**
 * Tests the {@link NADCON} grid loader.
 *
 * @author  Martin Desruisseaux (Geomatys)
 * @author  Simon Reynard (Geomatys)
 * @since   0.7
 * @version 0.7
 * @module
 */
public final strictfp class NADCONTest extends TestCase {
    /**
     * Returns the sample point for a step in the transformation from NAD27 to NAD83.
     * The sample point is the coordinate of Meades Ranch station, which was the point
     * relative to which all land measurements in USA were made for NAD27.
     * Its position was officially set as 39°13′26.686″N, 98°32′30.506″W.
     * Precision is given by {@link #ANGULAR_TOLERANCE}.
     *
     *
The coordinate in NAD83 has been computed with the
     * NADCON tools on NOAA website.

     *
     * @param  step The step as a value from 1 to 3 inclusive.
     * @return The sample point at the given step.
     */
    public static double[] samplePoint(final int step) {
        switch (step) {
            case 1: return new double[] {               // NAD27 coordinate
                      -(98 + (32 + 30.506/60)/60),      // 98°32′30.506″
                        39 + (13 + 26.686/60)/60        // 39°13′26.686″
                    };
            case 2: return new double[] {               // Shift in seconds of angle
                       -1.24121,                        // 1.24121″ (positive west in NADCON)
                        0.03498                         // 0.03498″
                    };
            case 3: return new double[] {               // NAD83 coordinate
                      -(98 + (32 + 31.74721/60)/60),    // 98°32′31.74721″
                        39 + (13 + 26.72098/60)/60      // 39°13′26.72098″
                    };
            default: throw new AssertionError(step);
        }
    }

    /**
     * The tolerance when comparing coordinates in degrees.
     * This tolerance is determined by the precision of the tools used for computing NAD83 coordinates.
     */
    public static final double ANGULAR_TOLERANCE = 0.5E-5 / DatumShiftGridLoader.DEGREES_TO_SECONDS;

    /**
     * Name of the file without extension containing a small extract of the NADCON grid.
     * The {@code ".laa"} and {@code ".loa"} extension must be added to that name.
     */
    public static final String TEST_FILE = "conus-extract";

    /**
     * Tests loading a grid file and interpolating a sample point.
     * The point used for this test is given by {@link #samplePoint(int)}.
     *
     * @throws URISyntaxException if the URL to the test file can not be converted to a path.
     * @throws IOException if an error occurred while loading the grid.
     * @throws FactoryException if an error occurred while computing the grid.
     * @throws TransformException if an error occurred while computing the envelope or testing the point.
     */
    @Test
    public void testLoader() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, FactoryException, TransformException {
        final URL latitudeShifts  = NADCONTest.class.getResource(TEST_FILE + ".laa");
        final URL longitudeShifts = NADCONTest.class.getResource(TEST_FILE + ".loa");
        assertNotNull("Test file \"" + TEST_FILE + ".laa\" not found.", latitudeShifts);
        assertNotNull("Test file \"" + TEST_FILE + ".loa\" not found.", longitudeShifts);
        testNADCON(Paths.get(latitudeShifts.toURI()),
                   Paths.get(longitudeShifts.toURI()),
                   -99.75, -98.0, 37.5, 39.75);
    }

    /**
     * Tests loading an official {@code "conus.las"} and {@code "conus.los"} datum shift grid files and interpolating
     * the sample point given by {@link #samplePoint(int)}. This test is normally not executed because Apache SIS does
     * not redistribute the datum shift grid files. But developers can invoke this method explicitely if they can
     * provide a path to those files.
     *
     * @param  latitudeShifts  Path to the official {@code "conus.las"} file.
     * @param  longitudeShifts Path to the official {@code "conus.los"} file.
     * @throws IOException if an error occurred while loading the grid.
     * @throws FactoryException if an error occurred while computing the grid.
     * @throws TransformException if an error occurred while computing the envelope or testing the point.
     */
    public static void testNADCON(final Path latitudeShifts, final Path longitudeShifts)
            throws IOException, FactoryException, TransformException
    {
        testNADCON(latitudeShifts, longitudeShifts, -131, -63, 20, 50);
    }

    /**
     * Implementation of {@link #testLoader()} and {@link #testNADCON(Path)}.
     *
     * @param xmin Westmost longitude.
     * @param xmax Eastmost longitude.
     * @param ymin Southmost latitude.
     * @param ymax Northmost latitude.
     */
    private static void testNADCON(final Path latitudeShifts, final Path longitudeShifts,
            final double xmin, final double xmax, final double ymin, final double ymax)
            throws IOException, FactoryException, TransformException
    {
        final DatumShiftGridFile<Angle,Angle> grid = NADCON.getOrLoad(latitudeShifts, longitudeShifts);
        assertInstanceOf("Should not be compressed.", DatumShiftGridFile.Float.class, grid);
        assertEquals("coordinateUnit",  NonSI.DEGREE_ANGLE, grid.getCoordinateUnit());
        assertEquals("translationUnit", NonSI.DEGREE_ANGLE, grid.getTranslationUnit());
        assertEquals("translationDimensions", 2, grid.getTranslationDimensions());
        assertTrue  ("isCellValueRatio", grid.isCellValueRatio());
        assertTrue  ("cellPrecision", grid.getCellPrecision() > 0);
        /*
         * Verify the envelope and the conversion between geographic coordinates and grid indices.
         * The cells are expected to have the same size (0.25°) in longitudes and latitudes.
         */
        final double cellSize = 0.25;
        final Envelope envelope = grid.getDomainOfValidity();
        assertEquals("xmin", xmin - cellSize/2, envelope.getMinimum(0), STRICT);
        assertEquals("xmax", xmax + cellSize/2, envelope.getMaximum(0), STRICT);
        assertEquals("ymin", ymin - cellSize/2, envelope.getMinimum(1), STRICT);
        assertEquals("ymax", ymax + cellSize/2, envelope.getMaximum(1), STRICT);
        assertMatrixEquals("coordinateToGrid",
                new Matrix3(cellSize,  0,  xmin,
                            0,  cellSize,  ymin,
                            0,         0,    1),
                grid.getCoordinateToGrid().inverse().getMatrix(), STRICT);
        /*
         * Test the Meades Ranch station. If we were using the complete Conus files, we would obtain
         * after conversion the grid indices listed on the left side. But since we are using a sub-set
         * of the grid, we rather obtain the grid indices on the right side.
         *
         *   gridX ≈ 129.83277 in official file,   ≈ 4.83277 in the test file.
         *   gridY ≈  76.89632 in official file,   ≈ 6.89632 in the test file.
         */
        final double[] position = samplePoint(1);
        final double[] expected = samplePoint(2);
        final double[] indices  = new double[position.length];
        final double[] vector   = new double[2];
        grid.getCoordinateToGrid().transform(position, 0, indices, 0, 1);
        grid.interpolateInCell(indices[0], indices[1], vector);
        vector[0] *= cellSize * DatumShiftGridLoader.DEGREES_TO_SECONDS;
        vector[1] *= cellSize * DatumShiftGridLoader.DEGREES_TO_SECONDS;
        assertArrayEquals("interpolateInCell", expected, vector, 0.5E-5);

        // Same test than above, but let DatumShiftGrid do the conversions for us.
        expected[0] /= DatumShiftGridLoader.DEGREES_TO_SECONDS;
        expected[1] /= DatumShiftGridLoader.DEGREES_TO_SECONDS;
        assertArrayEquals("interpolateAt", expected, grid.interpolateAt(position), ANGULAR_TOLERANCE);
        assertSame("Grid should be cached.", grid, NADCON.getOrLoad(latitudeShifts, longitudeShifts));
    }

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////
    ////////                                  ////////
    ////////        TEST FILE CREATION        ////////
    ////////                                  ////////
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * Writes a sub-grid of the given grid in pseudo-NADCON ASCII format.
     * This method is used only for creating the test file, and the output is not fully NADCON compliant.
     * We take this opportunity for testing the parser capability to be lenient.
     *
     *
This method has been executed once for creating the {@code "conus-extract.laa"} and
     * {@code "conus-extract.loa"} test files and should not be needed anymore, but we keep it
     * around in case we have new test files to generate. The parameter used for creating the
     * test file are:

     *
     *

     *
{@code gridX} = 125

     *
{@code gridY} =  70

     *
{@code nx}    =   8

     *
{@code ny}    =  10

     *

     *
     * This ensure that the grid indices (129.83277, 76.89632) is included in the test file.
     * Those grid indices is the location of the (39°13′26.71″N, 98°32′31.75″W) test point to interpolate.
     *
     * @param grid   The full grid from which to extract a few values.
     * @param file   Where to write the test file.
     * @param dim    0 for writing longitudes, or 1 for writing latitudes.
     * @param gridX  Index along the longitude axis of the first cell to write.
     * @param gridY  Index along the latitude axis of the first cell to write.
     * @param nx     Number of cells to write along the longitude axis.
     * @param ny     Number of cells to write along the latitude axis.
     * @throws TransformException if an error occurred while computing the envelope.
     * @throws IOException if an error occurred while writing the test file.
     */
    public static void writeSubGrid(final DatumShiftGridFile<Angle,Angle> grid, final Path file, final int dim,
            final int gridX, final int gridY, final int nx, final int ny) throws IOException, TransformException
    {
        Envelope envelope = new Envelope2D(null, gridX, gridY, nx - 1, ny - 1);
        envelope = Envelopes.transform(grid.getCoordinateToGrid().inverse(), envelope);
        try (final BufferedWriter out = Files.newBufferedWriter(file)) {
            out.write("NADCON EXTRACTED REGION\n");
            out.write(String.format(Locale.US, "%4d %3d %3d %11.5f %11.5f %11.5f %11.5f %11.5f\n", nx, ny, 1,
                    envelope.getMinimum(0), envelope.getSpan(0) / (nx - 1),
                    envelope.getMinimum(1), envelope.getSpan(1) / (ny - 1),
                    0.0));
            for (int y=0; y<ny; y++) {
                for (int x=0; x<nx; x++) {
                    out.write(String.format(Locale.US, " %11.6f", grid.getCellValue(dim, gridX + x, gridY + y)));
                }
                out.write('\n');
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
RESIDENT EVIL 2 Review
Unfortunately, professional review of the RESIDENT EVIL 2 game is not yet ready. This game is on the list and will be reviewed in the nearest feature. Meanwhile, you can find more from the official description below.
A deadly virus engulfs the residents of Raccoon City in September of 1998, plunging the city into chaos as flesh eating zombies roam the streets for survivors.
An unparalleled adrenaline rush, gripping storyline, and unimaginable horrors await you.
Witness the return of Resident Evil 2.
Game contains In-App Purchases
Remote Play requires PS Vita system and sufficiently robust Wi-Fi connection.
DUALSHOCK4
Software subject to license (us.playstation.com/softwarelicense). Online features require an account and are subject to terms of service and applicable privacy policy (playstationnetwork.com/terms-of-service & playstationnetwork.com/privacy-policy). One-time license fee for play on accounts designated primary PS4 system and other PS4 systems when signed in with that account.
Every review published on FragRun is based on 15+ hours of real game experience and full storyline walkthrough. These make every review complete and honest. If you found mistakes or lies in our RESIDENT EVIL 2 review - write us your suggestions, comments and questions or send your review!
RESIDENT EVIL 2 FAQ
There's not a lot of questions about RESIDENT EVIL 2. Ask insistently in the comments so you can make it frequent!
One of the most trending games right now!
One of the best action games ever!
Welcome to PixARK, a vast, wild world filled...
By yourself or with friends, your mission is...
Welcome to the arena of RULES OF SURVIVAL! Yo...
©2019. Capcom U.S.A., Inc.. Developed by Capcom U.S.A., Inc.. Licensed to and published by . Capcom U.S.A., Inc., RESIDENT EVIL 2 and the RESIDENT EVIL 2 logo are trademarks of Capcom U.S.A., Inc.. All rights reserved.
Scrap Mechanic


Also, called Eco Day and Environment Day, 2017's theme is 'Connecting People to Nature – in the city and on the land, from the poles to the equator'. We are urged to get outdoors and into nature so we can better recognize not only its beauty, but its importance.
You are invited to think about how interdependent we are with nature and the environment as a whole, and challenged to find fun and exciting ways to experience this vital relationship with family, friends, and colleagues. Did you know that some of our favorite foods are on the verge of extinction?
Naturally, there are steps we can take daily to preserve our land such as recycling, minimizing waste, and being mindful of our overall footprint. Where there is a will, there is a way! If you get real serious, you can jump on board with the process of creating a Green Economy in your local community and city. Denver has already implemented some of this building and utilizing electric trains, bicycle stations placed strategically throughout the city, and the growing sales of electric cars.
There is so much we can do individually, as small businesses, and as a community. This year, show us what you are going to do to recognize and celebrate World Environment Day by posting your pictures to our social media sites to share with our community. We would look forward to hearing from you!
World Environment Day was established in 1974 and is operated by the United Nations Environment Program. This worldwide day of recognition has grown to become a global platform that is celebrated in over 100 countries. Annually, the theme and host changes and is observed each year on June 5th to raise global awareness to protect our great planet and nature – which also encompasses wildlife efforts; 2017's host is Canada.


text:
Tokyo 2020: Djokovic's bid for 'Golden Slam' ended by Zverev
in Tokyo 2020
Novak Djokovic's bid for a 'Golden Slam' is over after defeat to Alexander Zverev in the semi-finals of the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
The world No 1 was aiming to become the first man to win all four majors and an Olympic singles gold medal in the same calendar year. Steffi Graf is the only tennis player to have achieved this feat previously.
After a productive series of matches in Tokyo, and Djokovic flying through the opening set of the semi-final, his bid to create more tennis history looked secure.
However, 24-year-old Zverev showed an exceptional level of determination and character to turn his own game around and triumph 1-6 6-3 6-1.
Zverev will now face Karen Khachanov in the final.
The world No 1 must dust himself off and meet Pablo Carreno Busta of Spain in the bronze medal match.
Source: Sky Sports
Tags: Alexander ZverevNovak DjokovicTennisTokyo 2020 Olympics
Barcelona president reveals why they are desperate to sell striker Antoine Griezmann
Tokyo 2020: Ghana's Nadia Eke out after 3 'no jump' attempts in triple jump
Tokyo 2020: Ghana's Nadia Eke out after 3 'no jump' attempts in triple jump


text:
OneDay Main Navigation
Ideas & Solutions
How Insufficient Resources Feed the Pressure to Graduate
Some Latinx students are balancing family expectations and dreams as well as extra workloads while they pursue higher education.
Karla Arroyo
Community Manager, Group SJR
It's easy to discuss the triumphs of first-generation college students, but what about the challenges they endure, especially those who are children of immigrants? They face the pressure to get a college education, afford it, and land a fulfilling career that'll finally make ends meet for their parents, who made great sacrifices to come to the U.S.
As a child of immigrants from the Dominican Republic, dropping out of college for me means giving up on their dream of creating a better life than they had. This type of situation adds to the burden on first-gen students to succeed, even while they're managing long work hours to afford tuition rates. There is an added stress for those of us whose parents were born in the 1950s and 1960s: They don't understand the concept of mental health, and they typically avoid seeking counseling or treatment out of the fear of being stigmatized or "bringing shame or unwanted attention to their families," according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness.
My parents separated before my mom moved to the United States in 1994 via a marriage visa with a U.S. citizen. My mom often reflects on moving to the states permanently in order to provide a better life for her family back home, and for me. In fact, this very reason is what motivates many other international residents (especially from countries with oppressive governments) to move to the states.
I graduated in 2017 with a bachelor's in media and communications from the State University of New York at Old Westbury. In 2020, during a global pandemic, I earned a master's in social journalism from the Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York.
I achieved the American dream my immigrant parents had envisioned for me. My parents offered me moral support, which I appreciated. But I also needed a community and tools to stay on track academically and financially—support that I received at Old Westbury. I was a part of the Educational Opportunity Program (EOP), a statewide effort that grants historically disadvantaged students access to college. Through the program, I was assigned an academic advisor, financial assistance, and a new group of people who I still consider my "EOP family." Most of my tuition was paid for, and I had a group of mentors who constantly monitored my academic and emotional well-being. It was a blessing.
However, not every college student can relate to this experience, especially those who are Black or brown. Think about undocumented students, whose education is contingent on government policies. While no federal law prevents undocumented students from enrolling in college, a few states do have restrictions. Arizona, Georgia, and Indiana ban in-state tuition rates for undocumented students, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. Alabama and South Carolina forbid these students from enrolling at public colleges and universities.
Support Matters for Students' Academic Success
Average college tuition costs have increased from $17,045 in 2008-09 to $24,623 in 2018-19—about 44% higher, according to the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics. Taking out federal loans to afford college may seem like an initial option, but not for those who don't qualify due to their legal status. That question of how they will pay for college can affect the mental health of these students, leaving them to worry about whether their legal status will prevent them from finishing college or landing a job once they graduate.
I recently spoke with an undocumented student who attends the City College of New York. He is classified as a junior, but he has been at the school for five years because of financial hardship. Because of his legal status, he has had to pay for school out of his own pocket. He had to take multiple breaks from college because he couldn't afford the tuition all at once.
"The on and off from college throws you out of an academic rhythm," said the student, who asked that his name not be used.
"It sucks to see everyone already working, it sucks to see everyone come and go. But, the sacrifices that our parents made to get us here are more than this college thing."
Anonymous college student
He has re-enrolled in college and taken an hourly job at a hardware store. He tries to only work on the weekends so he can focus on his studies while still saving for his tuition. But during the summer, he works six or seven days a week to make ends meet.
"If I don't have the financial resources to pay for my previous semester, then [the school] doesn't let me register for my next semester until my balance is cleared," the student said. "Some of my friends are basically getting paid to go to college. I don't really have that advantage so I have to manage my money differently," he added.
He often feels overwhelmed at the thought of finding a job upon graduation. He mentions that the school's advisors are accessible but he feels they are not very understanding, so he continues his long shifts at the hardware store to fund his education and finds at least four hours a day to study. As an undocumented student, landing internships is another challenge in itself, but he continues to aim for a return on his investment.
"It sucks to see everyone already working, it sucks to see everyone come and go," the student said. "But, the sacrifices that our parents made to get us here are more than this college thing."
Institutions should conduct mental health screenings for incoming students so they can be prepared for what the student may encounter, such as feeling isolated due to their background. If a student is likely to struggle due to their cultural or financial background, the school should make resources openly available and provide the support the student needs to stay on track. For instance, the undocumented CUNY student recalls getting emails about job opportunities from the school's career center, but most of the openings required U.S. citizenship. A school that was keeping students' emotional and practical needs in mind would avoid sending undocumented students information about jobs for which they do not qualify.
Costs Erect Barriers to College Completion
Social class plays a large role in Latinx students' difficulties with enrolling in or finishing college. Oftentimes, some students who attend predominantly white institutions or Ivy League schools may have been admitted because of family members (typically wealthy) who have connections to the school.
I didn't have that luxury. I had difficult conversations with my mother about what information can go on my application, such as her marriage status, which would exclude my biological father from the application. This worried me and made me feel insecure about whether I was going to be able to attend college or not. What if my mom's marriage visa situation was not conventional enough for a state college? Was I going to qualify for loans, especially since my parents couldn't afford to put me through college?
"While tuition costs can make Latinx college students take a few detours, a lot of us still want to fulfill our parents' dreams and graduate college and set a new standard for the generations to come."
I ended up taking out loans to pay for my room and board because I wanted a college experience, and commuting from the city would eventually become more expensive. These costs didn't necessarily stress me out as a student, but they now stress me out as an adult who owes approximately $70,000 in loans.
I spoke with another Latinx college student who attended a small, residential liberal arts school in upstate New York where most students were Black or brown. They took on three part-time jobs to pay their tuition, and due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they had to return home to New York City. By then, they had an outstanding tuition balance of $10,000, which they had to pay or else they couldn't graduate on time (they were a senior).
They asked their mother to take out a personal loan, but she could not because she had already maxed out her credit. They withdrew from school instead. They recalled spending nights wondering how they were going to pay off the tuition balance. Eventually, the debt went into collections. "I'm first-gen, I don't know how financial aid works," they said.
The student attempted to appeal the remaining balance despite the challenges of the pandemic and having to care for their father, who contracted COVID-19. The school's appeal process favors students with extraneous circumstances, such as terminal illnesses or death. According to the college, the appeal was rejected because the student didn't supply enough evidence.
The student felt like the appeal process gave them a voice, but when it got denied, they felt defeated. "If I had circumstances that fit the requirements, why say it's unjustifiable?" the student asked. "I really fell into a quarter-life crisis. I was in isolation—no work, no school. I had post-grad depression without the degree."
Navigating college as an underprivileged first-gen student is already a major challenge in itself, especially when your parents don't really understand how financial aid works. College affordability can get in the way of the American dream your immigrant parents set for you if you (or they) aren't financially stable. The City College student doesn't see withdrawing from college as an option, so he works long hours to get back on track in school and finally graduate. The student at the liberal arts school will be completing their degree next semester at a community college, which is significantly cheaper than their initial institution.
While tuition costs can make Latinx college students take a few detours, a lot of us still want to fulfill our parents' dreams and graduate college and set a new standard for the generations to come. ¡Pa 'lante!
Karla Arroyo is a community manager at Group SJR and a journalist who leads the Deeper Than Hair newsletter as part of the CROWN Campaign. She earned her master's degree in social journalism from the Craig Newmark School of Journalism at the City University of New York and her bachelor's degree in media and communications from the State University of New York at Old Westbury. She is Dominican, raised and based in New York City, and loves all things fitness.
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Bolsonaro is a catastrophe for the environment
It's been three years since Bolsonaro, the far-right president of Brazil took office. His anti-environmental agenda has never been a secret. During his campaign, he promised he wouldn't recognize any Indigenous Lands during his term, and always made clear his intention to open up the Amazon for more destruction. From a shocking increase in deforestation to the approval of over a thousand new pesticides, here are some of the impacts of Bolsonaro's government on the environment.
Amazon Forest Destruction and Other Disasters
There has been a 52.9% increase of deforestation in Amazon rainforest over the past three year, compared to the previous three years. The images of the fires shocked the world and caused a commotion. But it's not only the Amazon that has been suffering. Other biomes, such as the Pantanal and the Cerrado, are being pushed to their limits to make way to soy plantations or cattle ranches. Due to severe drought and fires started by farmers to expand their businesses, the Pantanal, an important wetland habitat for jaguars and other endangered species, saw its area shrink by a third in 2020.
Deforestation across Brazil isn't just a threat to the country. Brazil's fires have led to a 10% increase in its greenhouse gas emissions. According to an Carbon Brief AnalysisBrazil is the 5th largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world. This is largely due to its land-use and forestry. Forests are vital for the fight against the climate crisis. These vital ecosystems are at risk of disappearing, which will lead to more carbon in the atmosphere and less resources for capturing it.
The demise of environmental agencies
To enable all this destruction, Bolsonaro's administration has been weakening government bodies responsible for monitoring the environment and enforcing laws to protect the forest. IBAMA, the key agency that is responsible for the country's environmental policies, saw 30% of its budget cut from 2019 to 2020. The budget for the Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, (ICMBio), was also reduced by 32.7 per cent. In 2021, the Environment Department's overall budget was at its lowest level since 2010.
The lack of resources, along with the removal of employees from their jobs – there was a 10% reduction in environment-related staff during Bolsonaro's administration – has allowed forest destroyers to expand their businesses. Without resources, the environmental agencies don't have the bandwidth to track environmental crimes and act on them.
Violence on the field
More destruction of the environment means more violence in the field. Loggers, miners, and land-grabbers are constantly invading protected Indigenous lands and engaging in conflicts with them – often lethal. According to the Global Witness reportIn 2021, Brazil was the most dangerous country for environmental activists, with 20 recorded killings. 1,576 land conflicts were recorded in 2020, an increase of over 900 since 1985. Protecting their lands and rights is the greatest threat to Indigenous Peoples. More than 41% of conflicts reported were related to Indigenous communities.
Such violence is also enabled by Bolsonaro's government. The president described non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as "Cancer" for the country and proclaimed that their voice, the voice of civil society, has no meaning for him. In 2019, he accused NGOs, of setting the Amazon on fire.
Threats to biodiversity and the health of the populace
polymer limited: The Bcpl Feted for Sustained Efforts at Environment Management | Guwahati News
Around 1,500 new pesticides – a new record – have been approved since Bolsonaro took office. Many of the pesticides allowed and used in Brazil have active ingredients that are not listed here. Not allowed in the EUThey are harmful to the environment and human health. For example, atrazine, a herbicide that has been banned in Europe for over 15 years because of its harmful effects on groundwater and can still be found in over 70 commercial products in Brazil.
Time to make a change
Bolsonaro's term is coming to an end in 2022, but he will be up for reelection. The president hasn't only been a threat to the environment and to Indigenous Peoples' rights. His handling of the COVID-19 pandemic was disastrous, with Brazil ranked among the most affected countries in terms of deaths and cases. Bolsonaro, on the other hand, has promoted false treatments like hydroxychloroquine and claimed that he was not vaccinated against COVID-19. The country's economy has collapsed during his term, leaving millions of people homeless and hungry, while inequality continues to increase.
Brazil has what it takes to be a global leader in environmental protection, with an economy that is sustainable and doesn't benefit just a few. Bolsonaro cannot continue to be the leader of Brazil. The world has seen what he's capable of, and the planet cannot afford four more years of an anti-science, anti-environment, anti-human rights leader.
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Richard J Coast
Emailrichard.coast@nau.edu
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics where Richard J Coast is active. These topic labels come from the works of this person. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Respiratory Muscles Medicine & Life Sciences
Diaphragm Medicine & Life Sciences
Exercise Medicine & Life Sciences
Fatigue Medicine & Life Sciences
Respiration Medicine & Life Sciences
Ventilation Medicine & Life Sciences
Pulmonary vascular control at moderate altitude in patients with type 1 diabetes
Coast, R. J.
Type 1 Diabetes Duration Decreases Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity during Exercise
Lee, M. J., Coast, R. J., Hempleman, S. C. & Baldi, J. C., Jan 13 2016, (Accepted/In press) In : Respiration.
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity
Body Surface Area
Lung Volume Measurements
Accuracy of unloading with the anti-gravity treadmill
McNeill, D. K. P., de Heer, H., Bounds, R. G. & Coast, R. J., Mar 6 2015, In : Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29, 3, p. 863-868 6 p.
Conversion table for running on lower body positive pressure treadmills
Kline, J. R., Raab, S., Coast, R. J., Bounds, R. G., McNeill, D. K. P. & de Heer, H., Mar 6 2015, In : Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29, 3, p. 854-862 9 p.
Metabolic Equivalent
Is lung diffusing capacity lower in expiratory flow limited women compared to non-flow limited women during exercise?
Nordin, K. C., Lee, M. J., Harms, C. A. & Coast, R. J., 2015, In : European Journal of Applied Physiology. 115, 4, p. 755-761 7 p.
Metabolic accommodation to running on a body weight-supported treadmill
McNeill, D. K. P., de Heer, H., Williams, C. P. & Coast, R. J., May 1 2015, In : European Journal of Applied Physiology. 115, 5, p. 905-910 6 p.
Contact Richard J Coast


This month I had the pleasure of photographing some rather delicious chocolates made by a friend of a friend who is starting an online chocolate business.
The Chilli Chocolate Company, which will be launching soon, specialises in chocolate with a bit of a kick. Having tasted a few sneaky samples whilst shooting, I can vouch for the kick they have - delicious but with a nice small amount of heat to go along with it.
The photos were all for online use so a nice white background was required. The chocolates were shot in a light tent with studio lights from multiple sides to ensure a shadowless look. I added the reflections and shadow in post production to give it a nice gloss.
Product photography is a nice break from portrait and event photography - I like it a lot, especially when the end product is perishable, edible and delicious!
Here's a selection of the chocolates for your viewing pleasure.


This is a genuine Rolex GMT-Master II Date Engraved Ceramic stainless steel with a black dial, green hand and is in excellent near new condition and includes inner & outer box, booklet, warranty card, leather wallet, tag. Reference # 116710. Quick-set, Sapphire Crystal, Screw-down Crown. Crisp, tight and appears like new condition.
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I don't think I've done a post in the past about Grain Free flour(s), but thought it is a subject well worth putting together.
Grain free flour contains absolutely NO GLUTEN. They are good for anyone, but in particular people who are either Celiac or have an intolerance to or are gluten sensitive.
It's interesting, but when I first went Gluten Free in 2014, I thought a lot of my issues would go away. Well, was I wrong! Turns out that I ate things like rice, quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat (not supposed to contain gluten), and to my dismay, they all created reactions I had not anticipated. I wound up with joint pain every time I ate any of it! So, I've stopped with all of them.
Enter Grain Free flours. They include the following – Tapioca, Arrowroot, Coconut, Cassava, Tigernut (no it's not from tigers!), Cricket, Almond, and Chestnut flours. Most of these are OK for me, but I don't tolerate nuts or beans, so Almond and Chestnut flours are off my menu. That doesn't mean you can't though.
Where do you get them and how do you use them? Here is some information about each of them that will help you make a decision. Now, to be up front about these ingredients – they are all more expensive than regular "flour" so be prepared when you go to look at them. I buy most, if not all, of these grain free flours on-line either at Amazon, or another supplier as I think I get the best prices there. In Canada, the health food stores don't usually carry these flours, but that could change if it hasn't already started. I know that Whole Foods may carry some of the newer ones, but we don't have one near us, so I really can't comment on that yet.
Let's start with Arrowroot Flour/Starch or Powder: This is a very versatile flour/starch and I find myself using it on a regular basis. I usually buy mine from a supplier called Anthony's in the US via Amazon.com. Unfortunately, that company does not ship to Canada, so you can most usually find Bob's Red Mill Arrowroot Flour/Starch in the grocery store in the Gluten Free isle or the Health Food section, or at Amazon.ca. You could also find it at your local bulk food store (Bulk Barn in Canada, or Richards in USA).
Arrowroot starch/flour or powder comes from the arrowroot plant, Maranta arundinacea and is high in protein and contains lots of nutrients too. It has a neutral flavour and is used instead of wheat flour in a lot of recipes and can be used as a thickener for soups, stews, custards, puddings and gravy. I use it a lot to make a great crispy fried fish recipe made up of coconut flour and arrowroot powder, salt, pepper, garlic powder, and onion powder – it helps to make a nice crispy coating on the fish when cooked in avocado oil in the fry pan. You could use this as a batter for chicken also.
I guess mentioning Almond Flour is good for those of you who can tolerate this one (as many can). It has a nutty flavour that you will like if you like almonds. This flour is made from crushed almonds and is used in a lot of baking recipes. It can be used as a 1:1 substitute for all-purpose flour in cakes, breads, muffins, pie crust, and cookies and can be easily purchased in the grocery stores, health food stores, on Amazon.ca or at the Bulk Barn. One that I see a lot is Bob's Red Mill Almond Flour.
Cassava Flour can be used 1:1 in place of wheat flour in your recipes. Again, this is an expensive flour, but when you can't use gluten containing flours, this becomes a great replacement.
has a nutty flavour and is lighter than regular flour. It can be used to make all kinds of baked goods, such as waffles, pancakes, cookies, cakes, brownies, pita bread, tortillas, pizza crust, and more. It can also be used to thicken gravy, soups, and stews. It's such a versatile flour and is my absolute favorite flour to use. I buy mine in the USA from Anthony's at Amazon.com. You can get Otto's Cassava flour in Canada through Amazon.ca and I believe Whole Foods sells it as well.
I use Cassava flour in just about all of my baking, along with either Arrowroot powder, Coconut flour, or Tigernut flour. I make cookies, pizza crusts, waffles, English muffins, tortilla wraps and chips, pie crust, flat bread, pizza dough, and most recently made a strawberry-rhubarb crisp with it.
Coconut Flour is made from the flesh of the coconut and has a very distinct coco-nutty flavour. It is a dense flour and you will find that you need to use more liquid when making any recipe with it, like extra eggs or gelatin eggs, water, applesauce, flax seed or chia seed slurry to keep the moisture in your finished product. It's high in fiber, and low in carbohydrates, so is good for anyone fighting carbohydrate issues in their diets. Coconut flour can be used to make cakes, pancakes, muffins, or can be used in gravy, soups, or stews as a thickener. You will find coconut flour is readily available in your grocery store or on-line at Amazon.ca.
Tapioca Starch/Flour is the next one on my list of great grain free flours. This flour comes from the pulp of the yucca root and is a cousin of Cassava flour, but has different properties, so they cannot be used interchangeably. It has a neutral flavour and can be used in baking and for a thickener in soups, stews, and gravy. Tapioca starch/flour has a high glycemic index and is high in carbohydrates as well, so should be used sparingly in your diet. This flour can be purchased at the grocery store or on-line at Amazon.ca.
Tigernut flour (not from Tigers!) is another favorite of mine. It has a nice sweet flavour that works well in cookies, pancakes, and other baked goods. Tigernuts are actually not a nut, but a tuber and can be a healthy alternative to nuts for those with nut allergies. Tigernut flour is high in protein and fiber, and helps with maintaining blood glucose levels.
The tubers are small and very crunchy. They can be soaked (advisable for at least 24 hours) before eating or making the flour which can be done at home. Rather than wasting the nuts after making tigernut milk – I bake the nuts for a bit in the oven, then transfer to the high speed blender to make tigernut flour – two for one! Now I do notice a difference in the flour I make at home and what I buy on-line, but it works just as well. You can get your tigernuts or tigernut flour at Amazon.ca, or I heard that Winners? carries it (I haven't checked this out yet, but will do).
I use Tigernut flour to make cookies, pancakes, waffles, and other baked goods as well as in smoothies and tigernut butter. I really like it as it is quite a nice flour to work with.
OK, so here is one I haven't yet tried, but am certainly open to doing just that once I find a good supplier of it. Cricket Flour. Yes it really is a flour that you can use, but why would you use it? Well, it seems it is very high in protein (yes it is a creature after all), high in vitamins, minerals and amino acids (not surprising), it apparently has a mild, neutral taste, and it can be used in a lot of applications. According to the Cricketflours.com it can be used to make smoothies and shakes, and can be added to anything you are baking.
I guess it's one I'll have to put on my list of things to try next, although it's pretty expensive!
Chestnut Flour is another grain free flour that I likely won't be using as it is a tree-nut and I am definitely not able to eat them. However, I do believe others will be able to so will include in my list here. It can be used in recipes to make bread, cookies, muffins, brownies and pizza dough. This flour is low in fat, but is high in starch content and its glycemic index is high at 65 (although not as high as wheat flour at 85), so it's not one you should use often. It has an earthy and nutty flavour!
Green Banana Flour is another grain free flour that I probably won't be using (as I have a latex allergy which bananas relate to). But, it is another powerhouse flour that can be used in many recipes to help boost your potassium and fiber intake and it is a resistant starch which helps with digestion. It has a fairly light banana flavour, which makes it good to use in cakes, cookies, soups, stews, sauces. Green Banana Flour can be purchased on-line at Amazon.ca for a reasonable price.
This gives you some different flours you can now use to help with your specific dietary needs. I know that these flours and starches have been a blessing for me with my gluten intolerance. I was never checked for Celiac Disease, but am sure I was close as I've been suffering for a very long time with gluten issues (since childhood although it was never really recognized). Anyway, that's in the past, now on to the future and better things.
I know that since I have adopted the AIP (Autoimmune Paleo) protocol, I've had to adjust my intake of grains to none, and that has been very difficult. But I have adjusted over the past few years and find I can eat most of these grain free alternative flours/starches without any problems. I am able to make tortillas, make a fairly decent English muffin, love my Paleo Crumpets, have recently fallen in love again with my new waffle recipes (and of course my new waffle iron), make cookies to die for (according to my hubby – he thinks I should sell them to the public!!), and many other recipes I was sure I would never be able to enjoy again!
So here's to Grain Free Flours and starches! Hip, Hip, Hooray!


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Q: How to get innerHTML from a div? I need to save the innerHTML of a div and store it in a cookie. Here is my basic code.
//The div-saving function
function addStatus(sName){
    getElement("bottomDiv").innerHTML += sName + "
";
    document.cookie="status=" + sName + "
";
}

//The button clicking function
function clk(){
    num++;
    document.cookie = "num=" + num;
    switch(num){
        case 25:
            addStatus("25: Alright! Let the games begin!");
        break;
        case 50:
            addStatus("50: Woah! Getting into the high numbers!");
        break;
    }
}

What ends up happening is only the last achieved status gets saved. I need to know how to get the innerHTML of the div instead. Thank you.

A: Try this..
 var div= document.getElementById("bottomDiv").innerHTML;

A: var holder = document.getElementById("bottomDiv").innerHTML;

The above will get the innerHTML value and assign it to the variable.  Also there is no built in function getElement , you can use getElementById, there are other variations as well.

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