text:
Q: Customized QFileDialog I want to implement customized file open dialog using Qt. I have following scenario
I have file with this kind of extension
a.txt.1
a.txt.2
a.txt.3

b.txt.1
b.txt.2

c.txt.1
c.txt.4

In file Dialog i want to show only file with highest number extension e.g. a.txt.3 , b.txt.2 , c.txt.4 is there any way to add filter in QFileDialog. If you have any suggestion besides from filtering please let me know.

A: You should implement and set your own proxy model:
void QFileDialog::setProxyModel(QAbstractProxyModel * proxyModel)

Sets the model for the views to the given proxyModel. This is useful
  if you want to modify the underlying model; for example, to add
  columns, filter data or add drives.


text:
package com.example.sting;

import arez.annotations.ArezComponent;
import arez.annotations.Feature;

@ArezComponent( sting = Feature.ENABLE, allowEmpty = true, dagger = Feature.DISABLE )
public abstract class ParameterizedTypeStingModel<T>
{
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Who Was Kim Kardashian's First Husband?
Who was the principal spouse of socialite star Kim Kardashian? Kim Kardashian a name that rules TV in the States. A young lady from the Armenian foundation has made her realm worth discussing. Brought into the world on 21 Oct 1980, she is 40 years of age model, media character, money manager, socialite, and entertainer. She referred to us as Kim Kardashian has an Armenian name as Heine. Kim Kardashian previously showed up at the center of attention as a companion and beautician of Paris Hilton. She tried to get a more extensive notification after her 2002 sex tape was delivered. Then, after that point, Kim and her family began showing up in the unscripted tv program, which carried the Kardashians to the pinnacle of accomplishment.
The program was "Staying aware of the Kardashians," which began in 2007. Indeed, even the entirety of its side projects is similarly famous. What prominently rings a bell finding out about Kardashians is debated. That is to say, and they rule contentions as high as the tallness of Mount Everest. Kim has Khloe and Kourtney as her blood sisters, going with Kendell and Kylie Jenner as stepsisters. What encompasses these young ladies is publicity, popularity, cash, a rundown of sweethearts, shows, and discussions.
Damon Thomas was the principal spouse of Kim Kardashian. Who is Damon Thomas, and what bond does he share with "staying aware of Kardashian" featuring Kim Kardashian. Kim and Demon are now separated; however, Damon was the primary person Kim was wedded to. Kim Kardashian united Damon Thomas in the year 2000. Damon and Kim's marriage was very anecdotal. As referenced previously, the existence of Kardashians is emotional. Damon and Kim Kardashian stole away and got hitched to one another. When she was 19 years old, Kim got connected, and Damon was ten years more seasoned than his lady.
Their sentiment didn't keep going for long, and their romantic tale concluded in the year 2004. Tragically, Kim and Damon separated following four years of their marriage in 2004, and their relationship ended. Not a great deal many think about Damon Thomas. The explanation being, Kim Kardashian wedded Damon much previously, she turned into a featured figure to the Hollywood business. Damon Thomas was a music maker and had worked with Harvey jr. Damon had created music for popular films like Dreamgirls, Pitch Perfect, and The Help.
For what reason were Kim and Damon separated?
What could be the justification behind the disappointment of their magnificently emotional relationship? It did keep going for a very long time. However, 2004 stopped their relationship. Kim admitted that their relationship not ending up great was because of Dalton's controlling conduct. She acknowledged that in one of the scenes of "Staying aware of the Kardashians," Additionally she referenced him as 'the ruler of the palace' who chooses what they would do and when. Kim even admitted Damon persuaded her to exit school and quit working at the Kardashian clothing store.
According to Damon's perspective, it's the opposite. He even told the news sources that it wasn't Kim Kardashian who filled him for separate. Maybe he had topped off separation from her. He added he separated from her motivation he tracked down her undermining him.
The current existence of Kim Kardashian
Right now, Kim Kardashian is hitched to the American hip-bounce rapper Kanye West. Kim Kardashian was tied to Kanye West on 24 May 2014, and their relationship has gone many ricochets and backs. Yet, they generally figured out how to be together, supporting one another. Kim and Kanye are honored with five youngsters, two little girls – North and Chicago and three children – Saint, Five, and Psalm. Novel names for youngsters, evident when you have special guardians like Kim and Kanye.
There was a hypothesis about Kim and Kanye getting divorce of late, and the theory ended up being valid when Kim Kardashian sought legal separation from Kanye on 19 Feb 2019. If they get separated involves time. What is your perspective on that? Will the noteworthy snowstorm of superstar conclude?
Tags: Kim Kardashian
Release Date & Spoilers: One Piece Episode 992

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bayern Munich Away Shirt 1993-1994 School (S)
Decrease quantity for Bayern Munich Away Shirt 1993-1994 School (S)
Increase quantity for Bayern Munich Away Shirt 1993-1994 School (S)
Condition of shirt - Excellence
Size - Small
Condition details - Bright colours, some bobbles and, Adidas logo, crest and sponsor are great for age
Players - Matthäus, Effenberg, Scholl, Helmer, Ziege
Notes - Away shirt as worn during the period when Die Roten won the Bundesliga and reached the UEFA Champions League semi-finals before losing out to Dutch giants Ajax on aggregate. Collecting their 12th Bundesliga title edging 1 point ahead of FC Kaiserslautern, Bayern would rely on the goal output of Adolfo Valencia and Mehmet Scholl to achieve glory. The next season would be one of domestic disappointment for new coach Giovanni Trapattoni with FC Hollywood languishing in 6th. In continental competition, Bayern would fare much better, reaching the semi-finals after a tough two-legged tie against Swedish outfit IFK Göteborg. After battling to a goalless draw in the first leg of the semi-final against Ajax, FCB could not withstand the attacking force of the Dutch side in the second leg


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Precise control of quantum systems is a requirement for many applications of quantum physics, from quantum information processing to quantum metrology and simulation. Fast control is highly desirable to beat decoherence and improve performance of these quantum devices. This desire has spurred much research on the ultimate control speed for unitary~\cite{Deffner13,Salamon09} and dissipative~\cite{DelCampo13} dynamics, as well as shortcuts to adiabatic control~\cite{Bason12}.
At the same time, technological advances have enabled driving quantum transitions faster than the natural transition frequency, in  systems ranging from atoms~\cite{Hofferberth07,Jimenez-Garcia15} to quantum wells~\cite{Zaks11}, from superconducting qubits~\cite{Deng15,Ashhab07,Rudner08,Oliver09,Niemczyk10} to mechanical oscillators~\cite{Barfuss15} and isolated spin defects~\cite{Fuchs09,Childress10,Scheuer14}. In this ultrastrong driving regime, the design of control protocols can no longer rely on the usual intuition, based on the rotating wave approximation (RWA). While optimal control theory gives prescriptions to achieve time-optimal (TO) control, often the ideal control schemes cannot be applied in practice, due to bounds in the control strength, phase or bandwidth.
For example, bounds in the control strength impose a \textit{quantum speed limit}~\cite{Margolus98,Carlini06,Giovannetti03,Caneva09,Hegerfeldt13} on the system evolution, which is related to an energy-time uncertainty relation~\cite{Deffner13,DelCampo13}.
Limitations on the control of the driving field phase or polarization preclude the application of many TO control schemes. For example, it  has been shown~\cite{Boscain02a,DAlessandro01,Albertini15} that for a two-level system (qubit), the TO solution is given by an ``on-resonance'' driving, if   the phase or polarization of the driving field is under experimental control~\cite{London14,Shim14}.
When this is not possible, the internal Hamiltonian (the \textit{drift} term)  cannot be eliminated and the TO solution takes the form of a bang-bang (BB) control~\cite{Boscain06,Billig13,Aiello15q,Billig14,Avinadav14}. This optimal solution assumes that there are no limitations in the control bandwidth; however, in practice the control fields cannot be switched on and off instantaneously.
Here we show that we can approach time-optimal driving of a qubit, given a bound, real driving field along a single axis, $|\Omega(t)|\leq\overline\Omega$, even when the Fourier transform of $\Omega(t)$ is defined over a finite range $[0,\Delta\omega]$.
With the goal of keeping the gate time equal to the BB optimal time, we construct an analytical control strategy based on a Fourier series approximation to the ideal control. Our \textit{Fourier-Approximated  Time-Optimal} (FATO) control strategy achieves several  key results.
First, it provides an analytical recipe to design high fidelity, time-optimal control sequences in the regime of ultrastrong driving, when the RWA breaks down. Even in the case of weak driving, where the RWA is applicable, it achieves shorter gate times than  conventional (on-resonance) methods.
Just as importantly, we identify control bandwidth as a limiting resource in the compromise between fidelity and time-optimality~\cite{Moore12,Lloyd14l}. Even if a Fourier approximant is not the only solution, it allows us to easily analyze bounds on the control fidelity that bandwidth limitations impose, with analytical solutions describing the dependence of gate fidelity on the bandwidth.
In addition, we show that the FATO scheme is robust against errors in the control field and it can further be extended to  controlling more than one qubit.

\begin{figure}[b]\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.13\textwidth]{BLSphere}
\   \includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{WaveFormX1}
\caption{
\textit{Left: Time-optimal control on the Bloch sphere}. The figure shows the two axes of rotation (red arrows) separated by the angle $2\theta\!=\!\pi/5$. We plot a representative trajectory (blue-black line) from $|0\rangle$ to $|1\rangle$ achieved  with the TO BB control shown on the right. \textit{Right: FATO waveform}. Here we considered the BB solution (solid black line) to achieve a $\pi$ rotation about X, for $\theta\!=\!\pi/10$ and $\omega_0\!=\!\pi$ and its Fourier Series (red solid line) truncated at $k\!=\!57$ (9 non-zero coefficients). The dashed line is the waveform for on-resonance driving (notice that its period does not match the BB period).}
  \label{fig:Waveform}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fourier-Approximated  Time-Optimal Control --}
Assume we have a qubit with internal (\textit{drift}) Hamiltonian ${\mathcal{H}}_0=\omega_0\sigma_z/2$ and we can apply a control  ${\mathcal{H}}_c=\Omega(t)\sigma_x/2$, with $\Omega$ real and bounded by $|\Omega(t)|\leq\overline\Omega$. This situation is relevant to many experimental systems, from nuclear and electronic spin resonance to atomic systems and superconducting qubits. The control Hamiltonian is generated by,  e.g., radiofrequency or microwave fields applied along one physical axis by a wire or antenna in the experimental setup, which can set the time-dependent amplitude of the field source.
The goal is to perform a desired unitary evolution in a time-optimal way.

The usual strategy to achieve precise qubit control  is to rely on the rotating wave approximation: for example, to achieve a rotation about $x$, we set $\Omega_{\mathrm{RWA}}\!\ll\!\omega_0$ and drive on resonance, $\Omega(t)=\Omega_{\mathrm{RWA}}\cos(\omega_0t)$.
More general rotations can  be obtained by choosing the frequency and phase of the driving, thus making it possible, for example, to effectively drive along the perpendicular direction ($y$-axis) even if the driving field is along the laboratory $x$-axis.
This solution is however not time-optimal: indeed, one effectively only uses half of the driving strength, as the other half is the counter-rotating field.
 More precisely, Pontryagin's minimum principle~\cite{Pontryagin87b} can be used to prove that for this control problem a BB sequence with $\Omega(t)=\{\pm\overline\Omega,0\}$ is the TO solution~\cite{Boscain06,Garon13}. In addition, if experimental conditions allow $\Omega\gtrsim\omega_0$, the RWA is not applicable and on-resonance driving is no longer a good control strategy.

For both cases (ultrastrong or weak driving) the ideal TO control strategy for one-axis driving is to always evolve at the maximum ``speed'' (BB control), assuming one can switch the sign of the function $f(t)=\Omega(t)/\overline\Omega$ infinitely fast. The total Hamiltonian then takes the form
\begin{equation}\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.5}\vspace{-4pt}
\begin{array}{l}
{\mathcal{H}}_\pm=\frac12[\omega_0\sigma_z\pm\overline\Omega\sigma_x]=\frac\omega2(\sigma_z\cos\theta\pm\sigma_x\sin\theta),\\ {\mathcal{H}}_0=\frac12\omega_0\sigma_z, \end{array}\vspace{-8pt}
\label{eq:Ham}
\end{equation}
where we defined $\omega=\sqrt{\omega_0^2+\overline\Omega^2}$ and $\tan(\theta)=\overline\Omega/\omega_0$.
The control is obtained by switching between these three Hamiltonians inducing rotations about three different axes.  The SU(2) gate synthesis problem then reduces to finding the times $t_j^{(+,0,-)}$ for each ``bang''.
Strong conditions on these times and number of bangs have been recently found using an algebraic solution~\cite{Aiello15q,Billig13,Billig14}. Only three parameters are necessary to describe the TO solution~\cite{Billig13}, an initial and final time $t_i$ and $t_f$, while middle times  $t^\pm_m$ are related to each other. In particular,  when the rotation speed about  the two axes is equal,  which is the case here, the middle times are all equal.
Properties of the TO decomposition can be classified based on the angle $2\theta$ between the two rotation axes, and in particular whether $\theta \lessgtr \pi/4$, corresponding to weak ($\overline\Omega<\omega_0$) or strong ($\overline\Omega>\omega_0$) driving. For example, for $\theta>\pi/4$ finite solutions have at most 4 bangs, while for $\theta<\pi/4$ they can have an increasing number of bangs with decreasing $\theta$~\footnote{Infinite decompositions are also possible. However, here an
  infinite sequence with equal times is a rotation about $\sigma _z$, speedily obtained by singular control
  ($\Omega =0$).}.
These constraints (see also Appendix~\ref{sec:appendix})
can be used to efficiently search for TO solutions to the synthesis of any desired unitary in SU(2), under the assumption of \textit{infinite bandwidth} of the control function (infinitely fast switching between $\pm\overline\Omega$).
In the following we show how, even when the control bandwidth is limited, the BB solution  forms the basis for an excellent TO control scheme that we call \textit{Fourier-Approximated Time-Optimal} (FATO) control.

We assume that the control field can only be switched with a finite speed; this sets an upper bound $\Delta\omega$ to its bandwidth.
The ideal TO solution, with total sequence time $T$ and switching times $\{t_i,t_m,t_f\}$, effectively defines a piecewise-constant function $f(t)=\Omega(t)/\overline\Omega=\{\pm1,0\}$. It is always possible to express $f(t)$ over the interval $[0,T]$ as a Fourier series (see Fig.~\ref{fig:Waveform}):
\begin{equation}
f(t)=\frac{c_0}2+\sum_{k=0}^\infty[s_k\sin(2\pi k t/T)+ c_k\cos(2\pi k t/T)].
\label{eq:fourier}
\end{equation}
 Then, imposing the bandwidth constraint on the control function is equivalent to truncating this sum to $k=K$ with $2\pi K/T\leq \Delta\omega$. In turns, this will reduce the fidelity of the control, while preserving its duration at the optimum time.

\textbf{Fidelity and Robustness of FATO Control --}
\begin{figure}[t]\centering
  \includegraphics[scale=0.33]{TimeCompW1WSLog}
  \caption{\textit{Left axis:} Comparison between the time required for a $\pi$ rotation with the FATO  method and the RWA on-resonance driving as a function of driving strength (parametrized by the angle $\theta$). Note the comparison is only possible for $\theta\leq\pi/4$. \textit{Right axis:} Normalized time $\omega_0T$ required for $\pi$ rotations. Circles (and dotted lines) are for the weak driving solution, while solid lines are for the ultrastrong driving regime.}
  \label{fig:TimeComp}
\end{figure}
For a given bandwidth $\Delta\omega$, two properties of the time-optimal BB solution will determine how well it can be approximated by FATO: the minimum non-zero time among $\{t_i,t_f,t_m\}$ (shorter times requiring larger bandwidths) and the number of switches (larger $n$ requiring in general larger $k$ for a better approximation).
In general, the middle times are constrained by $t_m\geq\pi/\omega=\pi\cos(\theta)/\omega_0$; they define a square wave with $n\leq \lfloor \frac\pi\alpha \rfloor +1$ switches. The minimum bandwidth is then $\Delta\omega\geq \sqrt{\omega_0^2+\overline\Omega^2}= \omega_0/\cos(\theta)$, that is, it depends not only on the ``resonant'' frequency $\omega_0$, but also on the driving strength, as stronger driving allow for faster control, thus requiring larger bandwidth for time optimality.

To make our method more concrete, we focus on exemplar target gates,  $\pi$ rotations about the $x$- and $y$-axis.
These gates are particularly important (they are ``NOT'' quantum gates) and describe an evolution under the control operator only, eliminating the effects of the drift.
While focusing on these gates allows us to find explicit solutions for the BB TO problem that are the starting point for the bandwidth-limited construction, the same analysis would also apply to other unitaries.
For these gates we can more easily analyze the performance of FATO control in terms of gate time, fidelity as a function of bandwidth and robustness to imperfections.

\begin{figure}[t]\centering
  \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{FidTheta2}
  \caption{Infidelity for a $\pi$-pulse about X (red) and Y (black) as a function of the driving strength, parametrized by the angle  $\theta$. Open symbols are for a Fourier expansion with 5 non-zero coefficients and filled symbols with 19 non-zero coefficients (the resulting bandwidth depends on the angle $\theta$). The dashed lines are the analytical expressions (not a fit) based on the Fourier series approximation error $\mathcal E_K$.}
  \label{fig:FidTheta}
\end{figure}
\textit{Gate Time --}
We distinguish between weak and ultrastrong driving, as they have different BB solutions.
In the case of weak driving, the angle between the two axes of rotation is small and we expect generally longer control sequences (large $T$) with many bangs (large $n$). While specific solutions for arbitrary $\theta$ must be found numerically, analytical solutions are available for specific values. In particular, we find that the optimal solution has  $n=\frac{\pi}{2\theta}$ bangs for X(Y) $\pi$ rotations, whenever $n$ is an odd(even) integer number (see Appendix~\ref{sec:appendix}). All the bang times are equal and such that $\omega t_m=\pi$. The function $f(t)$ is then a simple square wave with period $2\pi/\omega$.
The total time is $T_{\mathrm{TO}}=n\pi/\omega=\pi^2\cos(\theta)/(2\theta\omega_0)$. In Figure~(\ref{fig:TimeComp}) we compare this optimal time to the time required with on-resonance driving, $T_{\mathrm{RWA}}=2\pi/\overline\Omega$ (as the effective Rabi frequency in the RWA is $\overline\Omega/2$). The ratio of the two strategy times is given by $T_{\mathrm{TO}}/T_{\mathrm{RWA}}=\frac{\mathrm{Si}(\pi)\sin\theta}{2\theta}$ (with $\mathrm{Si}$ the sine integral function), where we took into account that due to Gibbs phenomenon~\cite{Gibbs98,Bocher06}, the Fourier series approximation yields an effective larger maximum driving frequency, $\Omega'\approx \frac{2 \mathrm{Si}(\pi )}{\pi }\overline\Omega$.

In the ultrastrong driving regime a direct comparison with the time required for on-resonance driving  is not possible, since the RWA is violated. Our method still  provides  a constructive strategy to achieve control beyond the RWA, and does so in a time-optimal way.
The TO solution for strong driving consists of $n=3$ bangs, with the middle bang  singular ($\Omega=0$) to obtain a $\pi$ pulse about Y. The times are given by
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{ll}
t_1^x\!=\!t_3^x\!=\!\frac{2  \mathrm{arccsc}[2 \sin(\theta )]}{\omega },&  t_1^y\!=\!t_3^y\!=\!\frac{2 \mathrm{arccot}\left[\sqrt{\!-\!\cos (2 \theta )}\right]}{\omega } \\
t_2^x\!=\!2\pi\!-\!\frac{2  \mathrm{arccsc}[2 \sin(\theta )]}{\omega },& t_2^y\!=\!\frac{2 \arctan\left[\sqrt{\tan(\theta)^2-1}\right]}{\omega_0}
\end{array}
\label{eq:TimeS}
\end{equation}
These times define the piece-wise constant function $f(t)$ that we approximate with a Fourier series expansion to obtain the FATO control driving field shape.
\begin{figure}[b]\centering
  \includegraphics[scale=0.33]{FidXYdrive1}
  \caption{Infidelity for a $\pi$-pulse about X (left) and Y (right) as a function of the bandwidth $\Delta\omega/\Omega$. We consider ultrastrong driving, $\theta\!=\!\pi/3$ (red), and weak driving, $\theta\!=\!\pi/10, \pi/8$ (black) and $\theta\!=\!\pi/22, \pi/20$ (blue) for X and Y respectively. The dotted lines are the infidelities (not a fit) calculated from the Fourier series error $\mathcal E_K$. The solid lines are the infidelities (due to breaking of the RWA) of the on-resonance driving strategy (the infidelity of Y($\pi$) for $\pi/3$ is not shown as it is $>.1$).}
  \label{fig:FidDrive}
\end{figure}

\textit{Fidelity -- }
Because of the finite bandwidth of the control field, the ideal gate propagator cannot be perfectly implemented in the optimal time. In our FATO approach, we keep fixed the gate time at its optimum value; we can then evaluate the effects of the finite bandwidth by calculating the entanglement fidelity~\cite{Nielsen02}. Truncating the Fourier expansion to order $K$ implements the propagator $U_K$ satisfying
\begin{equation}
i\dot U_K(t)\!=\!\frac{\omega_0}2[\sigma_z+\tan(\theta)[f(t)- R_K(t)]\sigma_x]U_K(t),
\label{eq:UK}
\end{equation}
where we defined the reminder of the truncated Fourier series of $f(t)$,
\begin{equation}
R_K(t)=\sum_{k=K+1}^\infty[s_k\sin({2\pi k t}/T)+ c_k\cos({2\pi k t}/T)].
\label{eq:reminder}
\end{equation}
The fidelity $F\!=\!|\mathrm{Tr}[U_{id}^\dag(T)U_K(T)]|/2$ with respect to the ideal propagator, $U_{id}(T)$, can be computed in terms of a reminder propagator, $U_R(t)=U_{id}^\dag(t)U_K(t)$.
$U_R(t)$  can be evaluated by moving to the ideal Hamiltonian  \textit{toggling} frame, where the Hamiltonian is
$\widetilde{\mathcal{H}}(t) = U^\dag_{id}(t)[{\mathcal{H}}(t)-{\mathcal{H}}_{id}(t)]U_{id}(t)$. Assuming the reminder is small, we can  approximate $\widetilde U_R$ with a first-order Magnus expansion given by the effective Hamiltonian
$\overline{\mathcal{H}}_R=\int_0^T \widetilde{\mathcal{H}}(t')dt'$. In the weak coupling regime, for example, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\overline{\mathcal{H}}_R=\frac{\omega_0\theta}\pi\tan(\theta)\mathcal E_K[\sigma_x-\tan(\theta)\sigma_z],
\end{equation}
where we introduced the mean error of the truncated Fourier series (see Appendix~\ref{sec:appendixB}):
\begin{equation}
\mathcal E_K= \frac{2}{T}\int _0^T \!\!R_K^2(t)dt=\frac12\sum_{k=K+1}^\infty (c_k^2+s_k^2).\end{equation}
This yields the fidelities $F_w^{x,y}\approx\cos[\tan(\theta)\mathcal E_K \pi/4]$.  While in the strong driving regime the exact calculation is more complex, we still find that the fidelities  are well approximated by a function of the mean errors, $F_s^x\approx\cos[2/\pi\sin(\theta)\mathcal E_K]$ and $F_s^y\approx\cos[2/\pi\tan(\theta)\mathcal E_K]$, as shown in Fig.~(\ref{fig:FidTheta}) and (\ref{fig:FidDrive}).
\begin{figure}[t]\centering\qquad
    \includegraphics[scale=0.33]{FidInhomX1}
  \caption{Infidelity for a $\pi$-pulse about X   as a function of the error in frequency $\omega_0$ (filled symbols, left axis) or driving strength $\Omega$ (open symbols, dashed line, right axis).  We consider two exemplary cases for strong ($\theta=\pi/4$, red) and weak ($\theta=\pi/10$, blue) driving.
Although the fidelity of the gates decreases with the inhomogeneities, the error is typically smaller than for the usual on-resonance driving.}
  \label{fig:Inhomogeneities}
\end{figure}

We thus found a simple relationship between the fidelity and
the Fourier series mean error, $\mathcal E_K$, which encompasses the Fourier properties of the TO BB function and the available control bandwidth. This relationship not only  makes it  possible to easily find the required bandwidth for a desired fidelity, but also provides insight onto which BB controls require larger bandwidth. For example, in the ultrastrong regime, as $\overline\Omega/\omega_0\!\to\!\infty$ ($\theta\!\!\to\!\pi/2$), the times required for an X rotation go to zero, thus allowing good fidelity; however, a Y rotation still requires a finite time, reducing the fidelity for the same bandwidth (Fig.~\ref{fig:FidTheta}).

Still, as shown in figure (\ref{fig:FidDrive}), the infidelity, $\textrm{Inf}=1\!-\!F,$ decreases rapidly with the control bandwidth. In addition, in the weak driving regime, FATO control beats the fidelity obtained with the on-resonance driving (when taking into account the counter-rotating field), even when considering a very small bandwidth ($\Delta\omega\approx \omega_0\div2\omega_0$). Very good fidelity is also obtained in the strong driving regime. We remark that since very high bandwidth can be routinely reached in experiments, our construction could  achieve fidelity beyond the fault-tolerance threshold~\cite{Gottesman98}, while still operating at the maximum quantum speed.

\textit{Robustness to parameter variations --}
We further evaluate the robustness of the FATO control scheme with respect to errors in either the frequency $\omega_0$ or the driving strength $\overline\Omega$. The first case corresponds to the situation where either the internal Hamiltonian is not known with sufficient precision or there are variations due to inhomogeneities. In the second case, we analyze the possibility of an error or inhomogeneity in the driving power.
Typical results are shown in Fig.~(\ref{fig:Inhomogeneities}). We find that even for a few percent error, the fidelity of the gate is good and it is typically higher than for the usual on-resonance driving.
In some cases, the fidelity can be even higher than in the absence of error: this is due to the fact the error can contribute to either driving fields or larger bandwidth. We note however that in these cases the driving in the presence of errors might not be anymore time-optimal.
\begin{figure}[t]\centering
    \includegraphics[scale=0.33]{Inf2qWJ}
  \caption{Infidelity for a SWAP gate on two qubits   as a function of the bandwidth $\omega/J$ for varying driving strengths $\Omega/J$. The blue line is the fidelity of the ideal BB control (with finite pulses) and the red dots its FATO approximation. In the inset: Infidelity as a function of bandwidth for fixed driving strength, $\Omega=100J$.}
  \label{fig:Fid2qb}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Extension to two-qubit systems --} Until now we focused on TO control of a single qubit. Our strategy can be however extended to larger systems with the combined goals of finding TO control laws and their fidelity dependence on available bandwidth. For example, the BB solutions we found to generate NOT gates for a single qubit could also be used to drive two qubits with opposite internal Hamiltonian~\cite{Romano15}. Then, all the results found here on the effects of a limited bandwidth still apply.

We can further analyze time-optimal sequences that have been proposed to generate two-qubit gates~\cite{Khaneja01} under the assumption of delta pulses. Using a Cartan decomposition, it was found that TO control of two qubits can be achieve with singular BB control. Adopting the TO solution and introducing finite-length pulses reduces the fidelity; assuming a finite bandwidth (so that ideal, rectangular pulses cannot be applied) further degrades the fidelity. We can use the FATO construction to evaluate these limitations.  We consider for example a quantum SWAP gate (see Appendix~\ref{sec:appendix}, given by three free-evolution periods under the Hamiltonian $H_0=J\sigma_z\sz/2$ interrupted by $\pi/2$-pulses about $x$ and $y$. Assuming a strength $\Omega$ of the driving fields, we plot in Fig.~(\ref{fig:Fid2qb}) the FATO fidelity as a function of bandwidth, demonstrating the good performance of our method.

\textit{In conclusion}, we devised a strategy to drive qubits in a time-optimal way, with high fidelities limited only by the available bandwidth of the control. The technique is in particular useful for ultrastrong driving fields, where intuitive approaches based on the rotating wave approximation fail and only numerical approaches were available until now~\cite{Motzoi11,Bartels13,Caneva11,Doria11}. In addition, our analytical solution provides a simple way to evaluate the required control bandwidth for a desired fidelity. The principles of FATO design could be further extended to achieve control in larger systems, for example to achieve the simultaneous time-optimal control of many qubits~\cite{Assemat10,Burgarth10,Romano14,Romano15} or two-qubit gates~\cite{Khaneja01}.
While our method already provides high-fidelity control, it could be further used as an initial guess for numerical searches~\cite{Doria11} if higher fidelity is desired or to achieve control of 1-2 qubits embedded in larger systems.
As ultrastrong driving becomes attainable in a number of solid-state and atomic quantum systems, from superconducting qubits to isolated spins, our control strategy will enable taking full advantage of these technical capabilities to manipulate qubits in a time-optimal way. Beyond providing a recipe for TO control, our construction also allows us to explore the compromise between fidelity and time-optimality, by linking gate errors to the available control bandwidth.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Tommy - the cool guy. He gives the needed punch with his sound. He seems to be a do-not-talk-much-be-the-cool-guy type, but you never know. Never trust a man with a trombone :D Ok, now serious. He fits perfect into the picture, his first audition was on a live show of the band, the poor guy didn't had the chance to even look at the setlist, he was dropped in deep water. But he survived (we all did that night...) It was a great experience, at the first song we felt "Yeah, this is it". Ok. Now we know him a little better, so...never trust a man with a trombone. And he even has a cat. Oh, I almost forgot, if you are passionate about cars (beside music, of course) then talk to him...go!


IXE stands for the Initiative of Christians for Europe.
During the 1990s, numerous organisations representing the social teachings of Catholicism in Europe came to the conclusion that it was no longer possible to reflect upon or debate social questions or societal problems without placing them in their European context.
Based on these findings, in 1999 the Semaines Sociales de France (SSF) and the Central Committee of German Catholics (ZdK) came together, and in May 2000 they published a manifesto entitled 'Manifesto for a European Consciousness' (available in 8 languages). This was the point of departure for a partnership between the two organisations, a partnership designed to offer an opportunity for Christians from the various countries of Europe to meet together. The organisations then convened on several occasions in European cities including Brussels in January 2001; Berlin in February 2002; Cracow in March 2003; Lille in 2004; Saarbrucken in 2006.
A European Working Group was created in June 2002; in March 2006, it was named the 'Initiative of Christians for Europe' or, in abbreviated form, IXE. An important step by the Group was to draw up a manifesto to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome in March 2007; entitled 'Rediscovering the Meaning of the European Construction'. In 2009 IXE published a call on the occasion of the elections for the European Parliament. These texts are available in different languages on the IXE website. IXE also organised conferences on the 'European Asylum Policy' (Brussels, 2010) and 'Conflicting memories in Europe' (znak, Warsaw 2012).
• to help organise events with a European objective on themes of current social relevance.
Generally speaking, the members of IXE are determined to promote a more energetic European awareness in debates at the national level.


Here at aylesford body repair we can offer much more than just body repairs to our customers.
We can check the tread depths, tyre pressures and general condition of your tyre for you.
If we discover any tyres that need replacement, we can quote you for these while the car is here with us.
Have you noticed that your wipers don't clear the screen as well as they used to, or that your wiper blades are starting to split or perish? Ask us for a price to replace your wiper blades, you pay for the blades and we will fit them for free if you take advantage of this service,we will also top up your screen wash, if required, as well.
Most light scratches & small imperfections in your paint work can be removed by machine polishing. If you have any small marks or hedgerow scratches that really annoy you, please ask us for a price to polish them out while your car is with us. It's also a great way to bring dull lifeless paintwork back to life. Prices start from as little as £200 for a smaller car.
Is you air conditioning not as cold as it used to be? Your system will deteriorate over time, and it's quite possible that the system needs a re-gas! A re-gas will enhance the systems performance and reduce nasty odours. We can top your air con system up from as little as £49 +vat.
Have you got any of those annoying small car parks dents or trolley dinks? Why not ask us about our professional paintless dent removal service.
If you have small dents with no paintwork damage we can lift most of these out without the need for expensive repair & paint, price start from £45 +vat for the first panel.
If you have uneven tyre wear, an off centre steering wheel or a car that wanders one way when driving it is likely that your tracking is out and needs adjusting.
if you can feel vibration coming through the steering, or under breakng, you may have incorrectly-balanced wheels as well. We can have your wheels balanced and your tracking check and, if required, adjusted for you. Ask us for a quote.
If you know your mot is coming up why not ask us about our pre mot check. We will give your car a full health check and make sure it is ready for the mot test. We will always advise you on any items that we find that would prevent your car from passing & mot, and will quote you to have the work done while your car is with us. Once the work is completed, we can take your car for an mot test. The test fee is currently at a special price of £45.00.
The clay bar service is for removing fallout and overspray that sticks to paint work, our clay bar is designed to lift the stuck on dirt away leaving the paint work smooth & shiny.
If your car is already with us for repair we will be cleaning the car to a certain standard anyway. Please ask us how much to upgrade to any of our valets.


In 1986 Madonna was singing a very nice song titled « Live to Tell » which rapidly became a hit.
Although the song was by no means a reference to financial markets, it's easy to extrapolate with the title and imagine the great singer wondering what would be the best way to invest the revenues generated by the huge sales of her record over a 30 years horizon. Now that this 30 years' time period comes to an end, she has lived to tell the right choice that was to be made in terms of investment in 1986.
As a reminder, inflation (CPI USA) has run at a 2.62% annualized pace over this period, so one 2016 dollar is worth 2.2 times less than a 1986 dollar.
It appears clearly, with hindsight, that in terms of absolute performance nothing compares to equities, but the 8.92% annualized return on the US 30 year Treasury Strip is unbelievable (for a liquid Aaa fixed income instrument). Otherwise, for those who wanted to avoid risk, money market has done its job by providing investors with a decent return, well ahead of inflation. And finally, Gold has done barely better than money market (but with much higher volatility).
Are there lessons to be drawn from this quick summary? Yes, certainly: over an extended period of time, equities are unsurprisingly the best investment, especially in the US where there is extremely low influence of the State on the stock market (as opposed to Europe and Japan where some companies are deemed strategic and are under pressure from their respective Governments). In the considered period, there were not less than 6 episodes of severe drawdowns (1987, 1990, 1998, 2000-2002, 2007-2009, 2011) and despite that the overall performance of the stock market remains more than compelling.
Another lesson is that the incredible performance of the bond market can't be repeated with current yields at 3.1% on 30 years Treasury Strips. We have enjoyed an unprecedented bull market on bonds, and even if it can eventually deliver decent returns, they will by no means get close to those of the last 30 years.
At last, history seems to favor short term US T-bills over Gold for safety. The volatility attached to Gold makes it difficult to call the shiny stuff a safe investment.
As a conclusion, looking at past returns does not make sense for fixed income or money market because future returns will very largely depend on interest rates at entry levels. What is really interesting is that US Equities have the good habit of returning close to 10% annualized over the long term, whatever the start date. And the odds are pretty favorable for this to last!


text:
Classic U.S. Route 66, AZ
For our first real vacation together outside of MA, we visited AZ. Part 6 of the trip centered on Route 66. For other segments of the trip click on the hyperlinks below.
1. Apache Trail
2. Sedona
3. Grand Canyon
4. Hike Grand Canyon Via South Kaibab Trail
5. Lake Powell
6 Route 66
7. Las Vegas
U.S. Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway (The Main Street of America) and the Mother Road, was one of the original highways in the U.S. Highway System. Established in 1926, Route 66 spans over 2,400 miles from Chicago, IL, passing through the lower Midwest to Santa Monica, CA. California. For fun we drove the 87-mile stretch between Seligman and Kingsman, AZ.
The Mother Road carried many folk west as they fled the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. In the 40s and 50s it became the route for vacation-seekers. Roadside motels and eateries sprang up, and whole towns survived solely from the trade of this passing traffic. The whole motor holiday came alive and then became legend here on Route 66.
As the interstate roads and air travel overtook this way of travel, Route 66 was relegated to byways and once bustling rest stops became ghost towns. But the legacy of Route 66 couldn't be quashed that easily, and sections of the old route have had a resurgence, as people try to relive the heyday of this era in road travel. For someone like Dave who loves mid-Century lifestyle and design, this was heaven.
Taking Route 66 out of Kingman can feel like going down memory lane in 1950-something.
It was like a mini version of Vegas with the neon lights.
We popped into several vintage stores but didn't pick anything up. The drive was a fun change from hiking the past week. But now it was time to unwind in Vegas for a few days before flying home.
#North_America
#AZ
Fun along the Columbia River Gorge, OR & WA
Chasing Waterfalls Along the Columbia River Gorge, OR
Mount Hood, OR


Rowkin Surge Charge brings you our secure, sport, true wireless earbuds now with a convenient charge case. Realize the potential of crystal clear calls and impressive bass without the distractions of wires and plugs.
Another highlight for the Surge Charge product launch was getting to shoot the cover and contribute to the packaging design. Catch us on the shelves at Best Buy!


The Rebel Sweetheart.: Foodie Goodie | Spaghetti Aglio Olio.
Weekends are for watching old Korean dramas. At least that's what they are, for me. And the past weekend saw me finishing 'Pasta' - all twenty episodes of it. This hit romantic comedy series, which aired in 2010, revolves around the life of Seo Yoo Kyung (portrayed by Gong Hyo Jin) and her dreams and struggles to become an elite chef.
Lee Sun Kyun and Gong Hyo Jin in Pasta.
After watching this drama, I was prompted inspired to do two things - have my ears pierced near the cartilage - in the style of Gong Hyo Jin, and cook Spaghetti with Olive Oil and Garlic ala Choi Hyun Wook (the male lead, portrayed by Lee Sun Kyun).
I've never cooked Spaghetti Aglio Olio before, so I did a bit of research and came across this recipe from the Food Network. The ingredients are pretty basic, and this dish takes very little time and effort to cook. It's perfect for days when I'm in the mood for pasta but don't want to go through the whole process of chopping and slicing and prepping ingredients, lol.
1. Bring a large pot of cold water to a boil over high heat, then salt it generously.
2. Add the pasta and cook, stirring occasionally until al dente, tender but not mushy, about 8 minutes.
3. While the pasta cooks, combine the garlic, olive oil, the 1 teaspoon salt, and red pepper flakes in a large skillet and warm over low heat, stirring occasionally until the garlic softens and turns golden.
4. Drain the pasta in a colander set in the sink, reserving about a 1/4 cup of the cooking water.
5. Add the pasta and the reserved water to the garlic mixture. Mix well.
6. Add the parsley and lemon zest. Adjust seasoning, to taste.
7. Transfer to a large serving bowl or divide amongst 4 to 6 dishes. Serve topped with grated cheese, if desired.
Pasta is my favorite go-to for quick dinners at home. Thanks for another fabulous recipe to add to my collection!
Ooh that looks delicious! I'm going to try that for dinner tonight! Thanks for the fab idea! and recipe!
Love Pasta and Love Asian Film. I will have to check out this Korean TV Show it sounds good. Not so sure about the piercing.
I love this for dinner! My son likes pasta and parmesan only combi so those left over are garnished with evoo, lemon, and whatever fresh herbs I have in the kitchen. simple and nourishing!
I knew I was going to love this when I saw it on Twitter. It's nice and light, and I bet it's tasty too!
I love aglio olio and that recipe looks easy enough! We'll give it a try at home yay.
very nice pierce sis! i have din bought my ears then tounge pierce din since i was in high school hehe i am avoid candies coz it gets a bit itchy specially those menthols. though i dont put them earrings now. love the eating pasta! i guess i've been cooking them since i've met my husband.
I love aglio oglio! :D It's one of my most favorite pasta dishes despite its simplicity. When done right, it tastes amazing! Anyway, nacurious naman ako sa kdrama na yan. Nakakatakam ang title! Haha!
It sounds (and looks) delicious! Definitely going to try this out soon.
Looks like a really tasty spaghetti and that makes me hungry now.


text:
Police Seek Information About Attempted Sexual Assault Suspect in Fort Collins
Mollie Kendrick
Mollie Kendrick Published: August 12, 2016
Fort Collins Police Services
Fort Collins Police Services is seeking information about a suspect involved in an attempted sexual assault that happened last week.
According to a news release, police received a report from a female who says a man was following her a little too close for comfort south on Remington as she was leaving Old Town in the early morning hours of Saturday, August 6. She reported a Hispanic male began walking with her and they held a brief conversation before she began to feel uncomfortable.
The victim ran away, but the man caught up and attempted to sexually assault her. She was able to fight him off and ran to safety before calling police.
The suspect is described as a Hispanic male with dark, wavy hair in his 20s. He is approximately 5'10" to 6' tall with an average build. He spoke in accented English but also conversed with the victim in Spanish, police say.
If you have any information about the suspect described or the incident, please contact Detective Jason Curtis at 970-416-2776 or Crime Stoppers of Larimer County at 970-221-6868. Those who contact Crime Stoppers can remain anonymous and may be eligible for a cash reward.
Filed Under: Colorado, Crime, Downtown Fort Collins, Fort Collins, Northern Colorado, old town, Old Town Fort Collins, police, Sexual Assault, suspect, wanted
The Most Popular Gemstone In Colorado Is Very Surprising
What Goes on at a Colorado Psychedelic Club Bash?
Does Colorado Have Common-Law Marriage?
When Can You Hunt Elk in Colorado?


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Sarah Nader - snader@shawmedia.com McHenry Township Fire Protection District Chief Tony Huemann speaks during a commemoration at Veterans Memorial Park in McHenry Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
Sarah Nader - snader@shawmedia.com Deputy Fire Chief Rudy Horist (right) stands with McHenry Township Fire Protection personnel and McHenry Police officers at Veterans Memorial Park Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
Sarah Nader - snader@shawmedia.com Jerry Loebbaka (right) of Lakemoor attends attends a commemoration at Veterans Memorial Park in McHenry Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
Sarah Nader - snader@shawmedia.com A veteran attends attends a commemoration at Veterans Memorial Park in McHenry Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
Sarah Nader - snader@shawmedia.com A commemoration was held at Veterans Memorial Park in McHenry Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
Sarah Nader - snader@shawmedia.com McHenry's Jeremy Sacramento plays the French horn with the McHenry High School band during a commemoration at Veterans Memorial Park in McHenry Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
Sarah Nader - snader@shawmedia.com Mayor Susan Low speaks during a commemoration at Veterans Memorial Park in McHenry Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
Sarah Nader - snader@shawmedia.com A moment of silence is observed during a commemoration at Veterans Memorial Park in McHenry Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
Deputy Fire Chief Rudy Horist (right) stands with McHenry Township Fire Protection personnel and McHenry Police officers at Veterans Memorial Park Wednesday, September 11, 2013 to honor those lost in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.


text:
11 Possible Victims Of Famous Serial Killers
by Zack Walkter
It is hard to imagine a worst type of human being than a serial killer. First coined by the FBI in the 1970s, serial killer or serial murderers are defined as single or pairs of killers who kill more than one victim at different places and times. Unlike mass murders, who may shoot up a movie theater or go on a stabbing spree that lasts an hour, serial killers tend to be more methodical and more patient. A serial killer is more akin to a hunter than a berserker.
The reason why so many cops and criminologists were interested in serial killers in the 1970s is that America seemed to be producing them at an alarming rate. Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Kenneth Bianchi, Angelo Buono, Ottis Toole, and others all operated throughout the country during that dark decade. Serial killers certainly existed before 1970, but that decade is when people began seriously studying serial killers, their behaviors, their pathologies, and their methods.
As a result, a whole sub-section of Criminology sprung up in order to discern whether or not some victims of unsolved homicides are in fact the victims of famous serial killers. Many of these victims fit the favored profiles of certain killers, or many were just at the wrong place at the wrong time. The question remains: were these 11 cases the work of a random assassin or a well-known hunter of humans?
1. Elaine Eldrige And Lawrence Hogan
therichest
For ten weeks in 1946, the small town of Texarkana, Texas was plagued by an unknown gunman who used a .32 pistol to kill several young couples who parked near deserted lovers' lanes. Known as the Texarkana "Phantom" or the "Moonlight Murderer," this serial killer murdered five people until local authorities lost all trace of him in May 1946. Some Texas and Arkansas lawmen believe that a habitual thief named Youell Swinney was the killer. Swinney was never tried for the murders, but he was put away for a very long time for car theft.
On October 9, 1946, two lovers were gunned down in their car near Miami Beach. 21-year-old Lawrence Hogan and 24-year-old Elaine Eldridge were slain by someone using a .32 pistol. Hogan was shot in the chest, while Eldridge was shot several times in the face. Although Florida is far away from northeast Texas, the Director of Public Safety for the entire state of Texas actually contacted Sheriff Walter Clark in Florida in order to see if the Miami killer was the same "Phantom" of Texarkana. Clark did not believe it to be, but many maintain that the similarities are too hard to ignore.
2.Susan Davis And Elizabeth Perry
On Memorial Day weekend in 1969, two nineteen-year-olds named Susan Davis and Elizabeth Perry were found murdered just off of the Garden State Parkway just outside of Ocean City. At the time, a Philadelphia native named Ted Bundy was attending college at nearby Temple University. When he left Temple, Bundy undertook a long drive from the East Coast to the Rocky Mountains, thus giving him plenty of opportunities to target these two college coeds.
At least one researcher believes that a 22-year-old Bundy met the girls after following them on the beach for hours. With his car "broken down" on the Parkway, Bundy may have feigned trouble in order to get Davis and Perry to stop for him. At 10am, a New Jersey state police officer found Davis' blue convertible and brought it to a garage in Northfield. Days later, after the families and the police realized that the girls were missing, searchers discovered their bodies about two hundred feet in the woods not far from the Somers Point interchange.
It seems rather fishy that Bundy went West on Memorial Day. Was he escaping something?
3. Larry Peyton And Beverly Allan
On the night of November 27, 1960, 19-year-olds Larry Peyton and Beverly Allan parked in a secluded area in Portland, Oregon's Forest Park. Peyton's 1949 Ford sedan must have felt very roomy to the two lovebirds. Unfortunately for them, the car caught the attention of a sadistic killer.
The very next day, while police were looking for stolen cars, they found the corpses of Peyton and Allan. The former had died from twenty-three stab wounds, while the latter's body, which had been dumped some ways away from the car, was found forty-three days later.
Thanks to a botched investigation by the Multnomah County Sheriff's Department, this double murder has never been solved. One of the case's more likely suspects is serial killer Edward W. Edwards. At the time, Edwards was a low-level hood had managed to escape from police custody in Portland after being caught pulling fire alarms.
Some researchers have even wondered if Peyton and Allan were the earliest victims of California's notorious Zodiac Killer.


Last Sprint Meeting scheduled for 21 February 2019!
January 28th, 2019: Lectures are over!
January 28th, 2019: The lecture scheduled for 16:00 starts 15/20 minutes later.
January 28th, 2019: The Mock paper has been uploaded. The solution will be uploaded by the end of the week.
November 5, 2018: The webex class of today will be on the following link https://unicam.webex.com/meet/andrea.morichetta.
October 31st, 2018: The next lesson will be delivered on Monday November 3rd 4pm-6pm.
September 24th, 2018: The first lesson will be delivered on Wednesday October 3rd.
students have to manage and develop a software project over the duration of the semester with intermediate checkpoints (meeting with the teacher). The group will have to adopt and simulate the practices typical of a SCRUM team. Visual Paradigm has to be used in particular in reference to its support to SCRUM teams and collaborative work (see link).
The course also foresees a final written exam in which the student will have to answer questions and solve exercises on the different parts of the course. The exam will last around 2 hours. Students willing to improve their final mark can ask for an additional oral examination.


alt.talk.weather (General Weather Talk) (alt.talk.weather) A general forum for discussion of the weather.
of three labourers late on Monday night.
in an under-construction building at the village.
also disrupted movement of vehicular traffic at the spot.
still trapped under the debris," Chaubey said.
reached Kaarligaad near Sahastradhara on Tuesday morning.
family members of those killed in the mishap.
food grain supply in the region.
fair use of copyrighted works.
e-mail and postal addresses, and live-voice telephone number.
not necessarily those of the poster who may or may not have read the article.
this post may be reposted several times.
Gee, now only 1,199,999,997 of them left.


text:
A Beached Whale Sculpture Popped Up on the Banks of Paris's Seine River
BY Kirstin Fawcett
In Paris, dozens of fish varieties live in the Seine River. Now, the Associated Press reports that the famous waterway is home to a beached whale.
Rest assured, eco-warriors: The sperm whale is actually a lifelike sculpture, installed on an embankment next to Notre Dame Cathedral by Belgian artists' collective Captain Boomer. It's meant to raise environmental awareness, and evoke "the child in everyone who still is puzzled about what is real and what is not," collective member Bart Van Peel told the Associated Press.
Paris: How did a 'whale' end up beached on the banks of the River Seine https://t.co/epXDazM3Hc pic.twitter.com/q8pJ9gGLe4
— The Local France (@TheLocalFrance) July 21, 2017
The 65-foot sculpture has reportedly startled and confused many Parisians, thanks in part to a team of fake scientists deployed to "survey" the whale. One collective member even posted a video on social media, warning Parisians that there "may be others in the water" if they opt to take a dip in the river, The Local reported.
The whale sculpture is only temporary—but as for Captain Boomer, this isn't their first whale-related stunt. Last summer, the collective installed a similar riverside artwork in Rennes, France, and they also once strapped a large-scale whale sculpture to the back of a truck and drove it around France.
[h/t Associated Press]
Animals Art cities fun News travel


text:
Govts turn backs on suffering of millions – Oxfam on refugee crisis
© Giorgos Moutafis © Reuters
International NGO Oxfam has slammed world governments for failing to "adequately" deal with the refugee crisis, saying that EU countries should do their fair share instead of shifting the responsibility to poorer nations.
Calling on world powers "to do more to help those forced to flee their homes," the UK-based agency launched a new campaign on Wednesday aiming to push European countries to increase their efforts in helping refugees.
'No ticket to Europe': Send refugees back home or settle them on islands, says Austrian FM
Having accused the governments of indifference, the organization has warned that instead of finding a proper response to the crisis, European politicians are "turning their backs on the suffering of millions of people and in some instances taking active measures to prevent refugees from reaching their borders."
READ MORE: EU drafts 'positive & negative incentives' for African states to block migrant flows
"Oxfam points out that the recent deal between European governments and Turkey which has left thousands of men, women and children detained in Greece in often appalling conditions, goes against the spirit of international law and sets a dangerous precedent," the agency said in its press release.
In its 'Stand As One' campaign, Oxfam said it wanted to not only "put pressure" on certain countries to welcome more refugees, but also keep them "safe from harm" and not separate families.
The organization has also launched a petition to UK Prime Minister David Cameron, calling on him to "work together with other world leaders at the UN to provide a global solution [to] the refugee crisis."
Saying that Oxfam wants governments "to seize the opportunity" to finally find such a solution at the UN summit in September, the group's senior policy adviser, Ed Cairns, told RT that a fair share of responsibility around the world should become the top priority.
Germans just as angry with EU as Brits, unhappy with tackling of refugee crisis - poll
"The key point to remember, which is often forgotten in debate right now, is that the vast majority of refugees are not hosted in rich countries like the UK or elsewhere in Europe, but are hosted by developing countries and some of the poorest countries in the world," Cairns said.
READ MORE: 'They can't live with us': Libyan PM rejects Turkey-style refugee deal with EU
According to Oxfam, some 86 percent of the world's refugees are currently hosted in developing countries. "We are calling on the rich countries of the world, including the UK but not just the UK, to take a far greater share [of refugees]," the Oxfam official said, adding that within the EU itself there is no balance either.
"Other European countries should share the responsibility with Greece more," he told RT.
The current refugee crisis, the worst since World War II, has already become the "biggest emergency aid effort in Oxfam's history," the organization said, adding that it had provided humanitarian aid to nearly 9 million people last year, "the vast majority of whom were fleeing conflict and disaster."
Over 1.3 million people claimed asylum in European countries last year – mainly fleeing the conflict in Syria. However, soon-to-be-released figures "are expected to show another increase in the number of refugees," Oxfam said.


posted comment at New or Returning to Youth Voices? What's exciting, worrying, delighting, or frustrating you?.
posted message: Today is the official closing day of this study group but I'd like to recommend that we keep it open through the weekend to allow for everyone who wants to respond and wrap up to do so. In the meantime though, thank you to everyone for your wonderful contributions and peer-support. And please do "invoke yourself!" if you are so moved -- we'd love to imagine the future forward with you!
added July 20: Putting Youth Voices Front and Center.
posted comment at July 12: Writing in the "Real" World.
My name is Christina and I work for the National Writing Project as a senior program associate where I direct the NWP Digital Is initiative. I have a passion for peer-based learning so I am thrilled to be here. Thanks P2PU!


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Certainty is a Programming Bug (featuring Hillel Wayne)
#specification #logic #programming #modeling
Marianne Nov 25, 2020 ・14 min read
Marianne Writes a Programming Language (6 Part Series)
1 No One Just Designs a Programming Language (featuring Thorsten Ball) 2 Certainty is a Programming Bug (featuring Hillel Wayne) ... 4 more parts... 3 Writing a BNF Grammar (featuring Prof Jeff Heinz) 4 From Parse Tree to Evaluator (featuring Sarah Withee) 5 Exceptions Are Not Errors (featuring Smokey Jones) 6 User Research for Programming Languages (featuring Michael Coblenz)
What kind of programming language is Marianne trying to write? Before we go any deeper into the guts of language design, Marianne and friend Hillel Wayne debate the shortcomings of various approaches to specifying and modeling program behavior. From first order logic verification to system visualizations, nothing Marianne has used before has quite fit the bill. She's beginning to get philosophical about the nature of abstraction and wants to rebel from the goal of certainty.
Want more programming history/culture/analysis? Sign Up for Hillel's Newsletter
Hillel's Tutorials on TLA+ and his book Practical TLA+
Mario Livio's comments at the 2010 World Science Festival
Bonus Context
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MB: The first thing every guest has asked at the beginning of every interview is: What exactly are you trying to do?
MB: So I figure before we get into the details of how to do it, I should spend some time answering that question in detail. Talking with me today is my friend Hillel Wayne. I met Hillel a few years ago at one my all time favorite tech conferences, Strange Loop. Hillel is… well, I'll him introduce himself:
HW: My name is Shlomo Hillel Wayne, but I go by Hillel Wayne, almost exclusively, I am an ex-physics major, ex-web dev, now I teach formal methods--the science of writing software blueprints in a way that can be verified directly as opposed to after you build the system--full time. I also do a lot of writing on tech, tech culture, tech history and sort of the journalism and sort of culture of tech. So I sort of at this point, my job is mostly a mix of teacher, historian, journalist and writer.
MB: The science of writing software blueprints. I like the way he puts that. But there's been something that's been bugging me about formal specification for a while now that fuels this project.
MB: How to keep people from misusing them?
MB: People gravitate towards models, much like statistics, because they feel like it reflects objective truth. If you're looking to build models because you want help reasoning about the world, your system, and decisions we face with both, then just about any modeling language will do. Python will do.
MB: But that's not what a lot of people look for when they model things. They don't want an abstraction, they want a guarantee. For that reason, formal specification stays on the fringes of software engineering. Unit tests feel like they offer a guarantee, models of software systems - on the other hand--can run correctly as specs and then be subsequently built very differently from the model. Or the spec itself can miss some critical factors and proving it just wastes a whole bunch of time.
MB: My interest isn't in offering that guarantee, but in creating a value add that diminishes the desire for a guarantee in the first place. I want to have a modeling language where the whole purpose of writing a spec is to generate a failure. Or this is the way I explained it to Hillel:
MB: What I'm really interested in is system resilience and this idea that systems have a certain amount of complexity and they have a certain amount of coupling and that it's not about optimizing for minimum complexity and minimum coupling, it's about having the right amount in the right places for the system. And so being able to sort of spec out a system so they could see where it's complex and where it is coupled, and then look at how much leeway you are giving yourself on on your inputs before the system produces an output that is not what you want. Right?
MB: So this was sort of the reason why I gravitated towards formal specification, because it seemed to have those those dynamics. And then it took me a long time to figure out 'Oh, no. The reason why its frustrating is because this language is built on the idea of mathematical correctness. On this state never being true. And I actually don't care if it's ever true.' I just want to know what are the parameters like, when will it get to that state? Like how brittle is it? And if we change it in this way, does it become more brittle or less brittle? Right?
MB: So that's sort of--there are languages that do this, but they're by and large proprietary or they're based entirely on being able to visualize systems.
MB: Wait..Wait. We're throwing around a couple of different terms that may be very foreign to you…
MB: So now the first thing that I have always wanted to know is formal specification, formal methods, formal verification, are all these terms synonyms or is there like an umbrella hierarchy between them or....?
HW: Sort of, and this is where it would have been really nice if I managed to-- I just recently moved to a new place, to get my whiteboard up and running so I could draw the little charts for you. But--
MB: This is a podcast, those little charts wouldn't help anybody.
HW: Well, it would help you understand.
HW: So one thing to keep in mind is that, like sort of any thing involved in tech, there's a lot of communities doing a lot of different things in the space... at different times. So you often see terms that sort of bubble up that certain groups use, that other groups use a different term and then sort of they get smushed together in weird ways. This is a highly broad overview, incredibly inaccurate, but it's a good enough lie to go on for now. Formal methods is just the broad field of anything involved that is called formal methods. Formal specification is the art of writing rigorous descriptions of what something should do, either what a designer should do or what specific code should do. So you write a formal specification of a design using say, TLA+ or you write a formal specification of code using, I don't know, Spark or like Idris. Then from formal verification is the art of taking the thing and taking the specification and showing they're connected.
MB: When he says "showing they're connected" the typical way to do that is to write a spec that is parsable and can be compiled into an executable model using First Order Logic.
MB: I've written about First Order Logic before, see my blog post The Subtle Power of Booleans to get up to speed, but basically you can think of First Order Logic as a puzzle using true/false statements. If A is true, and B is true, then C must be false - that sort of thing. The way this works in formal specification is that the spec defines what the system is doing and a set of assertions about states that should be impossible. So for example: here is how my system validates and approves transfers of money between accounts, check that there is no order of events that results in a negative account balance.
MB: If this sounds super impressive, I should point out that I'm actually really bad at it.
MB: ...No really, part of the reason Hillel and I became friends is because he spent so much time helping me fix silly problems with my specs when I started.
MB: I have a really hard time thinking of logic as being math. I'm exposed to it as a math concept. And then when I dig into it, I think to myself, this is kind of more like... I don't-- I don't know-- it's not fair to call it philosophy, but like it doesn't feel like math to me. And I'm wondering if I'm missing something there.
HW: Can you explain why it doesn't feel like math to you?
MB: I think because... I tend to see it as being about relationships, not about numbers, right?
MB: You know, like you have a set of certain things, do they all have the same properties, right?
HW: Are are you familiar Seven Bridges of Konigsberg?
MB: I am familiar with Seven Bridges of Konigsberg?
HW: Is that math?
MB: Uhhh...No?
HW: Ok, It's category theory math.
MB: What is Category theory?
HW: Ok, cool, we can skip that.
MB: (laughs)
HW: So this is something that I actually am very adamant because I think that there's this really weird divide in like programming where you have basically two camps essentially. You have the people who are like, we don't need math. Math is like pointless unless you work in specialist domains. The other people are like math is beautiful and shows you the underlying, like abstractions of programming and how everything is secretly a type and then how there's like-- blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. And I think that there's the third camp, which is the camp that I belong to, which is that math is directly useful to programmers in day to day life. But the problem is that the math that is sort of presented as math by both camps isn't is a very small slice of what math is, because math is fundamentally a language we've developed to explain things. And almost everything in math comes from of two places, either trying to build tools to model reality better or to build tools to model the tools that we just built better.
MB: Yeah. So I think it's less we don't do we need math or how much math to do you need to be a programmer and more... There is this cultural and psychological and emotional context around math as a subject. Right?
MB: So what you're saying before about how some people find the specifying of design unsatisfying because it doesn't connect to the code. Right. Is the design process. I think that's because people take a false sense of security in math. Right. They think like, well, it's math, ergo it's the truth. There are no opinions there. There is no subjectivity at all. It's math. Ergo, I don't have to defend myself.
HW: --I think it's... I think it's more just that you can't automatically translate it into code. You have to do that manually and then you can make mistakes.
MB: True. But like that that that goes back to it. Like, well, you could have made mistakes when you wrote the design in the first place. You probably did make mistakes when you wrote the design in the first place. But there's a feeling of like I ran it and the math proved to me. That's correct.
HW: Right.
MB: And I think there's the other side of it that people are also super intimidated by the math. And so to take something like first order logic, that is a very different fish from, let's say, algebra and and putting it under the heading of math--
HW: We're talking algebra-- for the record, just because I'm a math head-- we're talking about algebra as in like high school algebra. Right?
MB: Yes.
HW: Not like algebra as in college algebra. Ok.
MB: Yeah. As in, as in, high school algebra.
HW: Polynomial rings, algebra of polynomial rings. FINITE polynomial rings!
MB: All right. I give up. You win. I think it creates-- people self select, right?
MB: People who for whom first order logic and some more concepts would be extremely valuable in the practice of their discipline avoid it because they're told that it's math and they assume that all math is like what they learned in high school that they found difficult or confusing or unpleasant. Right? And it's like sometimes I don't want to like-- if we continue this conversation much longer we're going to have to put it on Tick-Tock, because this is apparently where people discuss the philosophy of what is math?
MB: (laughs) But, it's like, I did. I do feel very strongly like, you know, why are these concepts considered math versus philosophy, for example?
HB: Well, for a long time, science was considered philosophy.
MB: Really? When did it make the switch from being something other...
HW: I think it must have been the 1880s when it-- when it stopped being natural philosophy and became science. I forget the exact details, but and for a long time, math was philosophy, too. And a lot of linguistics used to be philosophy of language, like philosophy essentially is just this big, like miscellaneous bin where we shove everything that we don't know how to classify.
MB: Well doctor of philosophy, right?
HW: This is not nice to philosophy and like rude to philosophy, but like there is not as much difference between philosophy and the disciplines that spawned from philosophy as we tend to think.
MB: My mind's been lingering on the edge of this problem. A few weeks ago I rediscovered some literature I had collected on the cybernetics movement of the 40ties and 50ties. Cyberneticians were very into modeling systems. They believed that everything could be modeled as systems of feedback loops and potentially quantified. From a modern perspective when we think of math and science as truth and human behavior as faulty, variable, inherently illogical, emotional and biased. Cybernetics seems like a pseudoscience. But this assumes that math is objective and that its precision comes from natural laws that are themselves mathematical. In other words: did humans invent math or did humans discover math?
MB: But... what if math is not infallible?
MB: For example: we cannot really accurately represent π but for most cases 10 digits is precise enough. All calculations done with π have some sort of rounding error built into them, but that never seems to matter much.
MB: In 2010 at the World Science Festival, Astrophysicist Mario Livio gave a full set of other examples:
ML: There was this astronomer, Johannes Kepler, and he made observations 400 years ago, and they were not very accurate. They were accurate for his time, but not very accurate. They were about accurate to within about four percent. Yet from those relatively scanty observations, Sir Isaac Newton managed to write a mathematical law of gravity that already by the 1950s was shown to be accurate to better than one part in a million. In fact, in an experiment done in 2008, they showed that the law inverse square law of Newton holds down to a distance of fifty six microns. One micron is one millionth of a meter. These are distances that Newton could have had no idea his mathematical law should hold true. What is it that gives mathematics such powers? We have a theory of everything that's electric and magnetic it's called quantum electrodynamics. In this theory, it's a highly mathematical theory. You know, electrons that move in atoms, they are like little magnets. You can use this theory to calculate the strength of this magnet. We can calculate the strength to parts per trillion. You calculate this magnet two parts per trillion. In 2006, this magnetic strength of the electron was measured two parts per trillion, and the two results agreed to within eight parts per trillion.
MB: What I really love about that clip is that Dr Livio talks about those things to convey the awesome impressive accuracy of math, but people like me hear it and think "...wait a minute ... so if you go smaller than that does math just stop working?"
MB: What we like to think of as mathematical laws that govern the function of the universe are abstractions that eventually break down at some point, but the point in which that break down occurs at a scale so tiny that for most of the practical applications of math the probability of it mattering is insignificant. If you throw a dart at a dart board, it doesn't matter where you hit the bulls eye, just as long as you are within the boundaries of the bulls eye.
MB: Mathematical precision is a natural process of sciences maturing. As we continue to study, we make more observations and group them in patterns. Eventually we begin expressing these patterns in math. We continue to document more observations, refining the math until it reaches a level of accuracy in which the gap between the abstraction we've created and "reality" is irrelevant. What gives math its magical quality is that occasionally the mathematicians develop the model before the reality they are modeling has been observed.
MB: In my opinion, building models looking for correctness, proofs, and guarantees is the wrong way to model. Models should be thought experiments letting us test the relationships between various abstractions so that we know where to look for real world observations for further study. But I also believe that technology suggests to its user how it should be used. If users are using modeling languages as proofs it might be because the languages themselves encourage that behavior.
HW: The biggest barrier by far to formal methods adoption, at least on a design level, is UX.
MB: Yeah,
HW: If you could improve the UX--
MB: What I find really interesting--I'm going to interrupt you for a second, sorry. What I find really interesting about UX is that it is inherently subjective, right? Like I found TLA+'s syntax to be really, really confusing and hard to grasp what it was trying to get me to do.
MB: And then hard to remember, it was like it had to be just straightforward memorization on some of this stuff.
HW: Yeah.
MB: And then I started like-- in a different train of thought for a different purpose I started learning for first order logic and as soon as I started learning first order logic I kind of went-- Oh OK, wait. Oh... I understand! I understand why the syntax is the way it is.
MB: It's like you have basically taken the user experience of first order logic and put it into a programming language. And that is why you want me to write these things the way they are. And now I understand all the errors that sort of came before.
MB: So I feel like if you were coming from the perspective of having a good foundation in first order logic and maybe some other aspects of formal computer science and/or math that you would look at TLA+ and go, oh, this is... I'm very comfortable in this medium. Where is your coming from 'I just graduated from a boot camp or I'm a self-taught software engineer and like the stuff that I'm familiar with are Python and Ruby,' you would look at TLA+ and go, what the hell is this? And why doesn't it work the way I think it should?
HW: So your basic argument is that TLA+ syntax might not be an issue. It's more of just the background you have.
MB: I think I'm arguing that there is no such thing as good UX. It's very conditional
HW: Here's my counterproposal.
MB: Yes?
HW: Running TLA+ from the command line and having the output error output as a JSON, you can pipe it to some other tool.
MB: And what would that other tool be?
HW: Well, people could build other tools, it could be something that made it easier to sort of explore. You could have it be a visualizer. You could have it be like pump it back into like a language server provider. That way you can have the errors appear in your like having errors appear in your editor. Having the ability to just like step through it step by step or drop it into a table. Like that's the UX I'm talking about. Command line tooling like better error messages-- When you get a syntax error-- in like pretty much any formal method that I've used-- The errors are always very, very like obtuse. That could be improved dramatically.
MB: Right.
HW: When I say UX I don't mean like using mathematical symbols, which I personally strongly prefer to using programmatic symbols, which a lot of programmers find easier. I'm talking about things like: not having to use the IDE, being able to script out running multiple models, bash script, things like that.
MB: OK, cool. Yeah, no, that's fair.
MB: You've been listening to Marianne Writes a Programming Language. Just a quick reminder that patrons get access to all my extras. My conversation with Hillel Wayne, for example, covered so much more ground than what's in this episode.
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2013 was a great year of racing in Central Virginia, Northern Virginia, and all over our great Commonwealth! Scroll down to find the results and photos from our 2013 races! If you have any questions or can't find a race you were looking for, please contact us!


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Q: If dim$(W)+$ dim$(U)=$ dim$(V)$ and $W+U=V$, then $W\cap U=\{0\}$. I'm trying to prove the statement in the title, given that $V$ is a finite dimensional vector space and $W,U\leq V$ are subspaces. I know that the sum of subspaces is defined as the span of their union, so $V=$ span$(W\cup V)$. Thus the dimension of $V$ is given by a basis from $W\cup V$, implying that dim$(V)\leq|W\cup V|$. Beyond this, I'm not sure what to do.

A: If you have that the sum of subspaces is the span of their union, then it should be clear enough that the dimension of the sum is the sum of the dimensions minus the basis vectors in common (meaning one is contained in the others span for example, $v_i=cw_m$, $v_i$ and $w_m$ basis vectors).
What does this look like in symbols:
$$
\dim(V)=\dim(U+W)=\dim(U)+\dim (W)-\dim(U\cap W)
$$
now if the above is equal to $\dim(U)+\dim(W)$ can you conclude?

A: Suppose $W$ and $U$ have nontrivial intersection. Take a vector $v$ from the intersection, and show that there is a basis for $W$ and a basis for $U$ which both include $v$. Now take the union of those bases as a basis for $V = U+W$. This gives  dim$U$+dim$W$-1 as an upper bound for the dimension of $V$, which gives a contradiction

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Staff Spotlight: Topher Balderas
Mar 9, 2018 | News
Chris "Topher" Balderas, joined New Beginnings as a Youth Worker in the Transitional Living Program in 2014. After a short break to obtain additional training and certifications, Topher was welcomed back as the Maine Transitional Living Collaborative (MeTLC) Program Coordinator. In early 2018 Topher was promoted to Outreach Program Director.
Topher, who holds a Bachelor's in Psychology and a Master's in Human Services, has worked for 12 years in the social services field including working with homeless and veteran populations.
Topher can be reached by phone at (207) 795-6831 ext. 219 or by email at topher@newbeginmaine.org.
How did you make the transition from supporting Maine's homeless LGBTQ youth to Outreach Director?
I rejoined New Beginnings in 2016 as coordinator of the MeTLC. The MeTLC is a 24month demonstration project providing comprehensive case management and housing specifically for LGBTQ youth in the three counties we serve. So by definition, we always knew that the project would end along with my role as coordinator.
I knew that I wanted to find a way to stay on at New Beginnings, so we began discussions early on in the project to explore how we could make that happen. Part of that exploration focused on the vacancy that would emerge as a result of Marc Madore's transition to Director of Mental Health Services. When the position opened, I applied.
What is happening with youth that were part of the MeTLC program?
We've already exceeded all of our targets for this project. 90% of the MeTLC youth have plans for permanent housing. We are actively working with the remaining 10% to find housing solutions.
Most of the youth who come to us are dealing with a range of challenges that require so many services. So beyond meeting the long-term housing needs of these youth, we are opening case management services for them here at Outreach to help address their ongoing needs.
What one thing gives you the most hope for the work that we are doing to support homeless youth?
This work by its very nature is incredibly hard. It can be emotionally trying. It can test
you in so many ways that you wouldn't expect.
The thing that gives me hope and confidence is our staff who continue to be present and unconditionally supportive of the youth that we serve.
We are such a strong team. We really hold each other up. If there are ever going to be challenges we will address those challenges together.
Recently I've seen that strength when a youth came into drop-in and was in immediate crisis. Our team was able to respond to that youths' needs through non-verbal cues across the floor. We were able to successfully minimize any further crisis for that youth, and just as importantly, we were able to minimize the impact on other youth at drop-in at the time.


Construct a rectangle PQRS in which PQ = 8 cm and PR = 10 cm.
i) Draw PQ = 8 cm.
ii) At Q, draw ∠PQK = 90°.
iii) With P as centre and radius 10 cm, draw an arc cutting QK at R.
iv) With R as centre and radius 8 cm, draw an arc.
v) With P as centre and radius = QR, draw an arc cutting the arc drawn in Step 4 at S.
vi) Join QS and PS.


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