text:
cordyline rotting trunk
We aim to enrich everyone's life through plants, and make the UK a greener and more beautiful place. Armillaria Root Rot. Cordyline plants are woody-stemmed shrubs that are grown for their attractive evergreen foliage. Don't allow the leaves to touch the soil, as doing so may cause the stem to rot. Join now. Would make a nice low branching specimen then. but what often sees such plants off in the UK is the rot that so often follows frost damage. 80-90cm tall (inc pot), ready to plant out now. This can be prevented by tying up the foliage to reduce wind damage and prevent water collecting around growing points and causing rotting. Cordyline. It comes from the western Pacific Ocean region, New Zealand, eastern Australia, southeastern Asia and Polynesia, and … If that is the case and if it were mine , i would cut the trunk low enough to get to solid trunk and then keep it somewhere dry and wait for it to reshoot. Cordyline slime flux Arrows in b, c indicate the place from which a half ring of the tissues was removed. The plant is allowing the leaves between the stems to die as they interfere with one another (or so I was told). Messages: 3 Likes Received: 0 Location: Eugene. Cordyline Plant Care Indoors is not overly demanding and with the right tips, you can have them thriving in your home or office in no time. Root rot. I have lost ALL of my thyme this year, though it is very hardy against frost as such. Timely gardening advice from Crocus.co.uk - Cordyline. By mid summer I had a new one sprouting and it's still going strong now, so there is hope Beth. The one in the picture is nice. This is often caused by excessive watering or poor drainage. Cordyline. Firm the potting mixture firmly around the stem so the cutting will remain upright. Cordyline plants, commonly known as Ti plants, are often confused with Dracaena plants, as both types of plant are sometimes labeled and sold as Ti plants. It grows up to 20 metres (66 feet) tall with a stout trunk and sword-like leaves, which are clustered at the tips of the branches and can be up to 1 metre (3 feet 3 inches) long. Champion Tree. Cordyline australis, although widely grown outdoors, is not fully hardy, however more mature specimens have survived winters outdoors in milder regions or urban areas. This can be prevented by tying up the foliage to reduce wind damage and prevent water collecting around growing points and causing rotting. The most popular variety of Ti plant used as a houseplant is the Cordyline terminalis, though this is frequently mislabeled and sold as Cordyline fruticosa, or Dracaena terminalis. Feel all the way down the trunk, and if it becomes firmer nearer the base, then cut away all the rotting tissue above that. Young plants are often used in bedding and container displays. In frost-prone areas tender yucca species can be grown in a cool greenhouse or conservatory. If it is then the rot has probably set in. Cuttings can die but, if they are recut to remove the rot, they will sometimes root. The thin, sharp leaves are often coloured green, bronze, red-orange and purple. Join the RHS today and get 12 months for the price of 9. Fusarium Stem and Root Rot: Lower leaves yellow and wilt. It is a warm-season plant that can be grown indoors but, because it eventually reaches 15 feet tall, it is also an outdoor plant. b–d Aerial roots in a 5-year-old traumatized plant. Cordyline australis, commonly known as the cabbage tree or cabbage-palm, is a widely branched monocot tree endemic to New Zealand.. Allow plants to almost dry out before watering so that the roots are not sitting in wet soil. Flax milling reached a peak of production in 1907 (Matheson 2000), but after World War I, yellow leaf disease, caused by the same phytoplasma that has recently infected cabbage trees, led to a decline in production. Cordyline cuttings are susceptible to two types of blight that result in stem rot, and mushy and slimy leaf spots. Because I used a compost throughout is there a drainage problem? In areas prone to severe winters, wrap the trunk with layers of fleece and place a 15cm (6in) layer of mulch, such as bark, over the root area. Conifers Posts: 13147 Joined: Sat Jun 20, 2009 2:11 pm Location: Northumbs. Mine is over half covered in sickly yellow leaves that reach three quarters of the way up the plant where the two stems are next to each other. Outdoor planting. The cordyline flowers every year and has a profuse healthy growth. Dip the cut end of the Cordyline australis cutting in powdered rooting hormone, then plant the cutting in the potting mixture. Item: 200565. Place in full light, I am inclined to leave well alone any advice appreciated :-) Hardier yucca like Yucca gloriosa and Y. filamentosa require full sun and any well drained soil. Although frost hardy, young cordyline plants, and also coloured varieties, are more prone to cold damage. All varieties of cordyline can suffer from root rot if they remain too wet for too long. Get involved. a Large aerial roots growing above the trunk's base from the side close to a concrete slab (an arrow). And then, wait. Outdoor Cordylines are generally hardy and can usually survive harsh frosts and snow, although younger plants and coloured foliage may be at more risk of damage. Discover cordyline. Discard infected plants. Dates when the photos were taken are also shown. It's thrived all summer but now I've noticed the trunk is very wet and appears to have a white fungus on it (see photos) I'm desperately hoping it's not rotting! Planting Advice for your Cordyline 'Torbay Dazzler': ... prevented by tying up the foliage to reduce wind damage and prevent water collecting around growing points and causing rotting. Root and stem rot can be caused by the Fusarium pathogen. Product options: 2 x Potted Cordyline with 2 x Decorative Urns. Top. Supplied complete with a pair of decorative vertical stripe urns. Planting Advice for your Cordyline 'Pink Passion': ... prevented by tying up the foliage to reduce wind damage and prevent water collecting around growing points and causing rotting. 21K 291. Dracaena trunk rot... help! I've got a multistemmed cordyline in my front garden about 10' tall that grew from a small one Ralph gave me years ago, and last winter one of the stems rotted to the extent that you could just rip it off at the base. As they grow, the lower leaves will fall and the plant will look like a 'stately palm tree'. The newly rooted plants will usually develop new symptoms of blight, including black, water-soaked roots. Roots are brown. In areas prone to severe winters, wrap the trunk with layers of fleece and place a 15cm (6in) layer of mulch, such as bark, over the root area. This can be avoided by ensuring drainage is good. Tan spots form on the stem at the soil line and may b covered with powdery, yellowish spores. Re: Cordyline - Orange goo strikes! Re: Is my cordyline tree dead ? Cordylines are reliable, hard-working plants from the tropics and subtropics and today are grown all round the world in warm-temperate to equatorial climates. Also known as the shoestring disease, armillaria root rot affects the roots and trunk of giant dracaena. McKenzie et al—Fungi on Cordyline and Phormium 121 was exported or used locally to produce ropes and twines. The tree starts out with a subterranean trunk … Birds nesting in the crown I guess has not helped! For winter, outdoor Cordylines need tying up to prevent wind damage and stop the roots from rotting. Cordyline australis is also commonly called the cabbage palm or giant dracaena. This cordyline will be cut back in a few months because it has grown too tall for its position. Discussion in 'Indoor and Greenhouse Plants' started by zaridu, Sep 20, 2009. zaridu Member. Cordylines are tufted evergreen shrubs that originate from Southeast Asia and the Pacific rim, where they mature to form awkwardly shaped stubby trees with tufts of spiky leaves that resemble huge pineapple tops at the end of each branch. Fusarium: Avoid overhead watering.Apply a fungicide to protect healthy plants. Tender species make good house or conservatory plants. There are no chemical controls, and it's best to destroy diseased cuttings. In areas prone to severe winters, wrap the trunk with layers of fleece and place a 15cm (6in) layer of mulch, such as bark, over the root area. Regards, Nick Maclaren. Warm-climate varieties of cordyline may be attacked by grasshoppers, and cooler-climate varieties can be troubled by snails or slugs. How to grow cordyline. Everything you need to know about choosing the right cordyline for you. Hi, I bought a Cordyline in May and planted it in a very large pot with a pea t free compost and good drainage at the bottom. however the top of the trunk has crumbling dry rot.the plant is sturdy I have allowed ivy to engulf the stem in case it dies then will have an ivy covered stump. Cut off any dead leaves at the bottom, and that is what forms the trunk. 21K 291. This can be avoided by ensuring drainage is good. Cordyline australis has become a choice and popular plant for coastal and city planting, thanks to its exotic, palm-like appearance and attractive foliage in shades of green, bronze and purple. Growing guide. Avoid watering the stem itself and direct the water at the root area. All varieties of cordyline can suffer from root rot if they remain too wet for too long. The Cordyline plant is a genus of 15 species of woody flowering plants from the Aspargaceae family and the subfamily Lomandroideae. The Royal Horticultural Society is the UK's leading gardening charity. Add 20-30 percent by volume of extra grit to John Innes No 2 for good drainage. Lower Cordyline leaves need removing as the plant grows and this creates the trunk of the plant. kitty58. Cover the pot loosely with a clear plastic bag to maintain a moist atmosphere for the cutting. Container cultivation. In time, you may get new shoots. Warm-climate varieties of cordyline may be attacked by grasshoppers, and cooler-climate varieties can be troubled by snails or slugs. £29.99. Discover cordyline. Growth of aerial roots in traumatic conditions: D. draco (a–h) and Cordyline australis (l). Yes I agree, but the picture isn't of my cordyline it's just one I found on the net. Follow us. Supplied as pair of plants approx. kitty58. Larger forms gradually loose the lower leaves to expose a trunk. Plants like bay, that will regrow from deep roots, are very different. Lovely swirls of leaves fan out from the trunk, adding a beautiful symmetrical and architectural look.
Kahlua Caramel Recipe, Stock Market Research Topics, No Cook Refrigerator Pickles, You Matter Essay, Save Me Chords Bts Piano, Mobile Homes For Sale In Boerne, Tx, Web Coding & Development All-in-one For Dummies Pdf, Ash Trees For Sale Near Me,


text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Fifth Circuit › 1984 › Albert E. Albertson, Plaintiff-appellant, v. T.j. Stevenson & Company, Inc. Defendant-appellee
Receive free daily summaries of new opinions from the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Albert E. Albertson, Plaintiff-appellant, v. T.j. Stevenson & Company, Inc. Defendant-appellee, 749 F.2d 223 (5th Cir. 1984)
US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit - 749 F.2d 223 (5th Cir. 1984)
Sanders & Sanders, Stephen D. Sanders, Waldman & Smallwood, Beaumont, Tex., for plaintiff-appellant.
Wells, Peyton, Beard, Greenberg, Hunt & Crawford, Mark Freeman, Bruce Partain, Beaumont, Tex., T.E. Willoughby, Jr., New York City, for defendant-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.
Before RANDALL, TATE and WILLIAMS, Circuit Judges.
JERRE S. WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge:
In this case, Albert E. Albertson challenges the district court's grant of T.J. Stevenson & Co.'s (Stevenson) motion for summary judgment. The district court concluded that Albertson's cause of action under the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C. § 688 (1982), was time-barred, because Albertson knew he was injured while on board Stevenson's freighter but failed to file suit within three years after returning to shore. Id.; 45 U.S.C. § 56 (1982). The court also held that Albertson's remaining cause of action for unseaworthiness was barred by the equitable doctrine of laches. We conclude that the district court applied the correct legal standard for determining when Albertson's Jones Act and unseaworthiness causes of action accrued. As no genuine issue of material fact exists, we affirm the summary judgment.
In granting Stevenson's motion for summary judgment, the district court derived the undisputed material facts from three sources: Albertson's deposition, his affidavit, and the affidavit of Stevenson's vice-president. The principal source of the undisputed material facts was Albertson's deposition. That deposition revealed that between November 1968 and February 1969 Albertson served as an electrician on board the S.S. ST. JOAN, an ocean-going freighter operated by Stevenson. Albertson's duties included maintenance and regular cleaning of certain parts of the electrical apparatus on board the ship. After cleaning this electrical apparatus, he applied with a spray gun a chemical solution composed of 60% mineral spirits and 40% trichloroethylene (TCE). The solution was used to absorb moisture on the electrical contacts in order to enhance electrical conductivity.
Albertson claims he sustained injury during a voyage aboard the S.S. ST. JOAN, because there was an insufficient supply of mineral spirits on board. Albertson asserts that it was necessary for him, therefore, to apply the TCE undiluted. The vessel also was not equipped with spray masks, so he was required to spray the chemical without any facial or respiratory protection. Albertson testified in his deposition that although he had used TCE at various times during the eighteen months prior to this voyage he had never applied the TCE either at full strength or without a spray mask. He also confirmed that he knew TCE was a dangerous chemical requiring special precautions and that a label on some of the TCE canisters warned against prolonged use of the chemical as creating a potential for liver damage.
While using the undiluted TCE during the four-month voyage, Albertson lost consciousness and experienced severe headaches on five or six occasions. The last episode in which he lost consciousness was the most severe, requiring the administration of minor medical care. After his last blackout, Albertson told his superiors that he would not apply the TCE again. He testified that strong pain medications failed to allay the excruciating headache and nausea he endured for the remainder of the voyage.
Within approximately two months after the S.S. ST. JOAN arrived at its home port in Jacksonville, Florida, in February 1969, Albertson visited the United States Public Health Service Clinic in Jacksonville for the treatment of his continuing headaches, nausea, and periodic blackouts. He met with Dr. Morris, the director of the Jacksonville clinic. Dr. Morris apparently was unable to help him. Within a few weeks after their initial meeting, Dr. Morris referred Albertson to Dr. Miller, a psychiatrist. Dr. Miller admitted Albertson to the psychiatric ward of a local hospital for observation and treatment. During the four-week period in which Albertson remained in the hospital, he attended group therapy sessions and was treated with a variety of medications. He also was given an EEG, which revealed an abnormal brain wave pattern. The record does not establish whether Albertson knew at that time that his EEG was abnormal. In fact, when Albertson was asked at his deposition whether any doctor in 1969 revealed a diagnosis to him, he claimed that none had done so.1
Albertson's doctors discharged him from the hospital in the late spring of 1969. Because of Albertson's poor medical condition, however, Dr. Morris would not certify him as being fit for sea duty, so Albertson never served on board a vessel again. During the summer of 1969 Albertson continued to experience headaches, and red blisters began appearing on his hands, although no physician ever told him the cause of the blisters.
Approximately a year after he returned from this voyage, members of his family began to complain of changes in his behavior and personality. Between the summer of 1969 and November 1972, Albertson experienced blackouts, nausea, and hallucinations, and he began hearing voices. In his deposition, he testified that by late-1972 the hallucinations he experienced and the voices he heard tortured him to such an extent that he attempted to rid himself of the torment by shooting himself in the head. He recovered from two brain operations, although grand mal epileptic seizures which he still experiences are attributable to the trauma sustained from the self-inflicted gunshot wound.
From 1972 to 1979 Albertson was committed at various times to several hospitals. Albertson's deposition does not reveal whether he was committed for the treatment of mental or physical problems. In 1978 or 1979 blisters similar to those that had appeared in 1969 resurfaced. This time, however, the blisters were more severe; they turned into lesions, and after the lesions healed, scars remained. He claims that the physicians treating him never discovered the cause of the blisters. In fact, Albertson claims that until 1980 no doctor had ever told him either what was wrong with him or what caused his illnesses. Sometime in 1980, however, Dr. Miller informed Albertson that a causal connection probably existed between Albertson's exposure to the TCE in 1969 and the psychological problems he subsequently experienced.
Albertson filed this suit on July 17, 1981, over twelve years after he was exposed to the TCE. His complaint alleged that as a result of the exposure to undiluted TCE while on board the S.S. ST. JOAN, he sustained encephalopathy2 with resulting schizophrenia and physical and mental anguish. In response to Stevenson's motion for summary judgment, Albertson asserted by way of an affidavit that he was suffering from a liver ailment allegedly caused by his exposure to TCE. Yet, nowhere in his complaint did he allege that he suffered from any liver disorder. At his deposition, which had been taken eighteen months after this suit was filed, Albertson stated that no doctor had ever conducted an examination of his liver, attributed any liver problem to Albertson's exposure to TCE, or diagnosed him as suffering from cirrhosis of the liver.
In support of its motion for summary judgment with respect to the unseaworthiness issue, Stevenson submitted the affidavit of one of its vice-presidents. That affidavit revealed that Stevenson had a policy of destroying all records, logs, and other reports that were more than ten years old and that all such documents relating to the 1968-1969 voyage of the S.S. ST. JOAN had been destroyed prior to Albertson's initiation of this suit. Albertson did not challenge this affidavit.
In granting Stevenson's motion for summary judgment, the district court stated that Albertson knew he had been exposed to TCE, that Albertson had been injured as a result of this exposure, and that Albertson knew his exposure to TCE injured him. With respect to Albertson's Jones Act claim, the court concluded that the three-year statute of limitations began to run in February 1969. The court further held that laches barred Albertson's unseaworthiness claim.
The broad question in this appeal is whether the district court properly relied upon untimeliness in granting Stevenson's motion for summary judgment with respect to the Jones Act and general maritime claims. Under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c), summary judgment is appropriate if "the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." The party seeking summary judgment bears the burden of establishing the absence of any disputed material fact. Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157, 90 S. Ct. 1598, 1608, 26 L. Ed. 2d 142 (1970). Although the court must resolve all factual inferences in favor of the nonmovant, the nonmovant cannot manufacture a disputed material fact where none exists. Russell v. Harrison, 736 F.2d 283, 287 (5th Cir. 1984). Thus, the nonmovant cannot defeat a motion for summary judgment by submitting an affidavit which directly contradicts, without explanation, his previous testimony. Kennett-Murray Corp. v. Bone, 622 F.2d 887, 894 (5th Cir. 1980). See also Van T. Junkins & Associates, Inc. v. U.S. Industries, Inc., 736 F.2d 656, 657 (11th Cir. 1984); Vanlandingham v. Ford Motor Co., 99 F.R.D. 1, 3 (N.D. Ga. 1983).
Actions under the Jones Act are governed by the three-year statute of limitations applicable to claims brought under the Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA), 45 U.S.C. §§ 52-60 (1982). Engel v. Davenport, 271 U.S. 33, 35, 46 S. Ct. 410, 411, 70 L. Ed. 813 (1926). The statute of limitations applicable to Jones Act and FELA claims is set out at 45 U.S.C. § 56, which in pertinent part states:
No action shall be maintained under this chapter unless commenced within three years from the day the cause of action accrued.
It is generally accepted that a cause of action for a tort accrues when there has been an invasion of the plaintiff's legally protected interest. See Restatement (Second) of Torts Sec. 899 comments c & e (1977). Ordinarily, this invasion occurs at the time the tortious act is committed. Id.; DuBose v. Kansas City Southern Railway, 729 F.2d 1026, 1028 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S. Ct. 179, 83 L. Ed. 2d 113 (1984). If some injury is discernible when the tortious act occurs, the time of event rule respecting statutes of limitations applies, and the plaintiff's cause of action is deemed to have accrued. If the plaintiff later discovers that his injuries are more serious than originally thought, his cause of action nevertheless accrues on the earlier date, the date he realized that he had sustained harm from the tortious act.3
In some cases, however, the injured person may not realize that a tort has been committed upon his person, since he may sustain a latent injury which either is not or cannot be discovered until long after the tortious act that caused the injury has occurred and after the applicable statute of limitations otherwise would have run. In such a case, courts have routinely applied the so-called discovery rule to toll the running of the statute of limitations. When the discovery rule applies, the plaintiff's cause of action does not accrue on the date the tortious act occurred, but on the date the plaintiff discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, both the injury and its cause. United States v. Kubrick, 444 U.S. 111, 122, 100 S. Ct. 352, 359, 62 L. Ed. 2d 259 (1979) (Federal Tort Claims Act case). See also Urie v. Thompson, 337 U.S. 163, 170, 69 S. Ct. 1018, 1024, 93 L. Ed. 1282 (1949) (FELA claim does not accrue until the injury manifests itself). In DuBose v. Kansas City Southern Railway, we recently applied Kubrick in an FELA case and held that "the discovery rule ... should be applied in federal cases whenever a plaintiff is not aware of and has [had] no reasonable opportunity to discover the critical facts of his injury and its cause." 729 F.2d at 1030 (emphasis added).
In this case, Albertson undertakes to characterize his injury as a typical latent injury and urges us to apply the discovery rule to toll the Jones Act statute of limitations. Although he acknowledges he suffered headaches, blackouts, and nausea immediately after being exposed to the TCE and that he knew his exposure to the TCE caused these problems, Albertson argues that latent and allegedly much more severe injuries to his brain, liver, and skin were discovered long after the statutory limitations period had expired. He argues that the discovery rule was designed to preserve claims such as his.
Stevenson answers that the time of event rule rather than the discovery rule applies in this case, since Albertson knew his legally protected interest had been invaded the moment he was first harmed by his exposure to TCE, the moment he experienced his first debilitating headache or blackout. Stevenson asserts that Albertson at that time had sufficient notice that a tort had been committed upon him. Stevenson argues that the mere fact Albertson's injuries were more severe than originally thought is not controlling, since a plaintiff cannot delay filing suit until the full extent of his injuries becomes known.
Our task is to determine when Albertson became aware of or had a reasonable opportunity to discover the critical facts of his injury and its cause. DuBose, 729 F.2d at 1030. The cases examined fall into two general categories: the pure latent injury case and the traumatic event/latent manifestation case.1. The Pure Latent Injury Case
The pure latent injury case ordinarily arises in one of three situations: a suit by a worker who contracts an occupational disease, a medical malpractice suit by a patient who discovers an injury long after the negligent medical treatment has been administered, or a product liability suit by a consumer of a drug or other medically related product who discovers a side effect from the use of the defendant's product. In each of the pure latent injury cases, the plaintiff fails to discover either the injury or its cause until long after the negligent act occurred.
The discovery rule was initially articulated and has had its greatest acceptance in the occupational disease case. Because of the nature of the disease, the worker typically does not realize he has been injured until years after he was initially exposed to the substance causing the disease. In the leading case of Urie v. Thompson, 337 U.S. 163, 69 S. Ct. 1018, 93 L. Ed. 1282 (1949), a train worker contracted silicosis, a pulmonary disease, from the continuous inhalation of silica dust over a period of thirty years. The worker became aware of his occupational disease only after he was unable to work, and he sued his employer shortly thereafter. The employer pled the FELA three-year statute of limitations as a defense. The Supreme Court rejected the defense, reasoning that in enacting the FELA Congress did not intend to charge an innocent plaintiff with knowledge of facts which are "unknown and inherently unknowable." Id. at 169, 69 S. Ct. at 1024. The Court recognized that since the purpose of the statute of limitations was to ensure prompt vindication of known rights, that purpose was ill-served where the employee was unaware that his legal rights were invaded. Accordingly, the Court held that an employee continuously exposed to a toxic substance over a period of time is " 'injured' only when the accumulated effects of the deleterious substance manifest themselves." Id. at 170, 69 S. Ct. at 1025.4
In United States v. Reid, 251 F.2d 691 (5th Cir. 1958), we applied Urie to a medical malpractice claim under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. §§ 2401, 2671-2680 (1982).5 In that case, a physician misread x-rays and negligently informed his patient, Reid, that nothing was wrong with him. The x-rays actually should have revealed to the physician that Reid was suffering from incipient tuberculosis. After his condition had degenerated substantially over the next year, Reid was informed by another physician that he had tuberculosis. After another year, now over two years after the first physician negligently diagnosed Reid's condition, Reid sued the government. He claimed that the physician's negligence caused his condition to deteriorate. Relying upon Urie, we rejected the government's argument that the two-year statute of limitations applicable to FTCA claims barred Reid's suit. We determined that Reid's physical condition was the product of a period of time rather than a particular time, and held that Reid was " 'injured' only when the accumulated effects of the deleterious substance manifest [ed] themselves." Id. at 691 (quoting Urie, 337 U.S. at 170, 69 S. Ct. at 170).6
The final pure latent injury case in which the discovery rule is routinely applied is a product liability case against producers of drug or other products with potential for later development of physical injury. In Mann v. A.H. Robins Co., 741 F.2d 79 (5th Cir. 1984), for example, the plaintiff was fitted with an intrauterine device manufactured by the defendant. A year later she became pregnant but miscarried. Shortly thereafter, the device was removed, but she began experiencing pain in her lower abdomen. Sixteen months later her doctor diagnosed endometriosis and performed a total hysterectomy. Over eight years later, eleven years after she had been fitted with the device, she discovered a possible causal link between the defendant's product and her injuries, and she instituted suit. The district court applied Texas's two-year statute of limitations for personal injury actions and granted Robins's motion for summary judgment. We reversed and remanded, holding that the Texas discovery rule applied to a product liability case and tolled the accrual of a cause of action until the plaintiff both knew that she had been injured and knew or reasonably should have known the cause of her injury.7
In each of the pure latent injury cases set out above, the plaintiffs were victims of postponed awareness of their injury, the cause of their injury, or both their injury and its cause. Logic and sound jurisprudence mandate the conclusion that a plaintiff's cause of action does not accrue under these circumstances until the injury and the cause are knowable. This conclusion merely reflects the reluctance of courts to charge plaintiffs who had no indication that they were victimized by a tortfeasor with knowledge of what the Supreme Court characterized over forty-five years ago as the "unknown and inherently unknowable." Urie, 337 U.S. at 169, 69 S. Ct. at 1024.
Albertson's case is different from these typical cases in which the discovery rule is applied. Albertson knew both that he was injured and the cause of his injury at the time of the injury in 1969. After his last exposure to the TCE, Albertson lost consciousness, was administered minor medical care, and endured an excruciating headache for the duration of the voyage. He informed his superiors that he would not apply the TCE again, indicating his awareness of the cause of his injury. His medical condition was so severe after he returned to land that he was soon thereafter decertified as being fit for sea duty, and he never served on board a vessel again. These facts make clear that Albertson's is not a pure latent injury case. The discovery rule cannot justify his failure to file suit for over twelve years.
2. The Traumatic Event/Latent Manifestation Case
We find Albertson's case is more appropriately analyzed as a traumatic event/latent manifestation case. A traumatic event/latent manifestation case is one in which the plaintiff has sustained both immediate and latent injuries caused by a noticeable, traumatic occurrence. At the time of the traumatic event, the plaintiff realizes both that he is injured and what is responsible for causing the injury. The full extent of the harm, however, has not become manifest.
In Beech v. United States, 345 F.2d 872 (5th Cir. 1965), we addressed the issue of whether a claim accrued under the FTCA at the time the plaintiff in that case realized the seriousness of her injuries or at the time the immediate, though lesser, effects of the tort were manifest. The plaintiff in Beech slipped and fell on the floor of a government building. She immediately experienced considerable pain, and the pain continued for a period of two or three months. X-rays taken after the fall and during the months thereafter revealed no fracture. Approximately eighteen months after the accident, however, the plaintiff's pain recurred at a more intense level. Medical examinations revealed that the plaintiff had sustained an irreparable injury which would render her totally disabled. She filed suit within one year after learning the true nature and extent of her injury, but over two years after she had fallen. In addressing the statute of limitations issue we recognized:
Where the trauma coincides with a negligent act and some damage is discernable at [that] time, the two-year [FTCA] statute of limitations begins to run, even though the ultimate damage is unknown or unpredictable.
Id. at 874 (emphasis added). Accordingly, we applied the time of event rule and held that the plaintiff's action was time-barred, since she knew she had sustained harm at the time of the fall and had not filed suit within two years as the FTCA required.8
The rationale supporting the application of the time of event rule is grounded upon the nature and purpose of statutes of limitations. Statutes of limitations are designed primarily to assure fairness to the defendant, Burnett v. New York Central R.R., 380 U.S. 424, 428, 85 S. Ct. 1050, 1054, 13 L. Ed. 2d 941 (1965), while affording the plaintiff a reasonable period of time within which to present his claim. Kubrick, 444 U.S. at 117, 100 S. Ct. at 356. Fairness to the defendant requires the prompt vindication of known rights to ensure that the defendant is not prejudiced as a result of lost evidence, fading memories, and disappearing witnesses. Burnett, 380 U.S. at 428, 85 S. Ct. at 1054. The application of statutes of limitations frequently compels courts to determine that the defendant's right to be free of stale claims prevails over the plaintiff's desire to prosecute those claims. Kubrick, 444 U.S. at 117, 100 S. Ct. at 356; Railroad Telegraphers v. Railway Express Agency, 321 U.S. 342, 349, 64 S. Ct. 582, 586, 88 L. Ed. 788 (1944).
Application of the time of event rule, rather than the discovery rule, reflects the collective legislative and judicial judgment that a plaintiff possessing knowledge of the critical facts of his injury and its cause has the duty to comply with the applicable statute of limitations and make the defendant aware that he will pursue a claim against it. A plaintiff armed with these facts cannot argue persuasively that the time of event rule offends notions of fair play and substantial justice, even though he is unaware of all of the facts related to his injury or its cause. Indeed, in Urie, the Supreme Court implied that a plaintiff possessing "notice of the invasion of [his] legal rights" could not avail himself of the discovery rule, since the time of event rule adequately protected the plaintiff's legal interest and rights. 337 U.S. at 170, 69 S. Ct. at 1024.
In this case, Albertson argues that his later-developed physical and mental problems, including the blisters first appearing on his hands in the summer of 1969 and later in 1978 or 1979 as well as his liver ailment, behavioral disorder, and other psychological problems, should result in tolling the Jones Act statute of limitations. We must disagree. DuBose, supra, calls for the application of the discovery rule only when a plaintiff is unaware of and has had no reasonable opportunity to discover the critical facts of his injury and its cause. Albertson possessed the critical facts of his injury and its cause at the time he endured the last exposure to the TCE. At that time he suffered serious damage and noteworthy injury, and he knew the injury was significant.9 We hold, therefore, that Albertson either possessed or had a reasonable opportunity to discover the critical facts of his injury and its cause at the time of his last exposure to the TCE. His Jones Act cause of action accrued at that time.
This is not a case in which, coinciding with the trauma, an injured seaman experienced and noticed only a minor injury and at a later time discovered an unexpected latent injury that was unknown and unknowable at the time of the traumatic event. C.f., Marathon Oil Co. v. Lunsford, 733 F.2d 1139, 1142 (5th Cir. 1984). Albertson had knowledge of his injuries at the time he was injured, and he soon knew they were substantial. His lack of knowledge of all the claimed consequences of his injury does not justify a departure from the time of event rule which establishes that the statutory limitations period began to run at the time of the trauma.
B. THE UNSEAWORTHINESS CLAIM UNDER GENERAL MARITIME LAW
We also hold that the district court correctly concluded that Albertson's cause of action for unseaworthiness was barred by the equitable doctrine of laches. A finding of laches is normally an exercise of discretion in the trial court and bars an action where the plaintiff's inexcusable delay in filing a suit results in prejudice to the defendant. Gardner v. Panama Railroad, 342 U.S. 29, 30, 72 S. Ct. 12, 13, 96 L. Ed. 31 (1951).
The time period within which an action for unseaworthiness may be commenced is governed by the analogous Jones Act statute of limitations. Watz v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 431 F.2d 100, 111 (5th Cir. 1970). Once the Jones Act statute of limitations has run, a presumption of laches arises and the burden shifts to the plaintiff to demonstrate that his delay was excusable and that the defendant was not prejudiced thereby. Id. With respect to the first showing, Albertson alleges merely that his conduct was excusable because he did not realize the full extent of his injuries. As we have previously set out, Albertson was put on notice that he was harmed to such an extent that he continuously suffered from headaches, nausea, and blackouts and that his poor medical condition required the decertification of his fitness for sea duty status. We find that such notice was sufficient to compel Albertson to initiate his unseaworthiness suit at that time rather than over twelve years later. With respect to the second showing, Albertson failed completely to demonstrate that Stevenson would not be prejudiced by this suit. The uncontested affidavit of Stevenson's vice-president established that Stevenson had a uniform policy of retaining records, logs, and other reports of a particular voyage for a period of only ten years, and that all such records, reports, and logs for the 1968-1969 voyage of the S.S. ST. JOAN had been destroyed approximately three years before Albertson initiated this suit. Albertson's dilatoriness prevented Stevenson from preserving the documents and thus seriously undermined Stevenson's defense. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that Albertson's unseaworthiness claim was barred by the doctrine of laches.
Albertson's claims are barred by limitations and laches as the district court held.
Albertson asserts that just recently, in 1982 or 1983, his son, who was only fourteen in 1969, reported to him that in 1969 Doctors Miller and Morris had diagnosed Albertson as a schizophrenic
Encephalopathy is defined as any disease of the brain and may be caused by such factors as trauma or organ disfunction. Stedman's Medical Dictionary at 458 (23rd ed. 1979)
In addition to affecting the accrual of a cause of action, the application of the time of event rule may indirectly affect the damages recoverable by the plaintiff. When the time of event rule applies, the plaintiff is required to assert and entitled to recover all of the elements of his past, present, and future harm attributable to the defendant's tortious conduct. Restatement (Second) of Torts Sec. 910 (1977). To recover for future harm, the plaintiff must prove the likelihood of future harm, and if his proof is merely speculative, he may not recover for any later revealed consequences of the tort. Id. Sec. 912 & comment e (1977). If the plaintiff delays filing suit until the full extent of his injuries is known, he risks dismissal of his suit, since the applicable statute of limitations ordinarily is not tolled. Similarly, a plaintiff may not split his cause of action and institute one suit for the damages attributable to past and present harm and institute a second suit to recover for future damages when the full extent of the future damages becomes known. Restatement (Second) of Judgments Sec. 24 (1982)
See also Borel v. Fibreboard Paper Prods. Corp., 493 F.2d 1076, 1102 (5th Cir. 1973) (diversity case construing Texas law; discovery of asbestosis), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 869, 95 S. Ct. 127, 42 L. Ed. 2d 107 (1974). Accord : Neubauer v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., 686 F.2d 570, 572 (7th Cir. 1982) (diversity case construing Wisconsin law; discovery of asbestosis), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1226, 103 S. Ct. 1233, 75 L. Ed. 2d 467 (1983); Williams v. Borden, Inc., 637 F.2d 731, 735 (10th Cir. 1980) (diversity case construing Oklahoma law; discovery of polyvinyl chloride poisoning); Karjala v. Johns-Manville Prods. Corp., 523 F.2d 155, 160 (8th Cir. 1975) (diversity case construing the Minnesota law; discovery of asbestosis); Young v. Clinchfield R.R., 288 F.2d 499, 502 (4th Cir. 1961) (FELA case; discovery of silicosis)
We have repeatedly applied the same standard for the accrual of claims brought pursuant to the FELA, FTCA, or 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Lavellee v. Listi, 611 F.2d 1129, 1131 n. 4 (5th Cir. 1980) (citing cases); United States v. Reid, 251 F.2d 691, 693 (5th Cir. 1958)
See also Harrison v. United States, 708 F.2d 1023, 1027 (5th Cir. 1983); Beech v. United States, 345 F.2d 872, 874 (5th Cir. 1965); Quinton v. United States, 304 F.2d 234, 240 (5th Cir. 1962). Accord : Augustine v. United States, 704 F.2d 1074, 1078 (9th Cir. 1983); Davis v. United States, 642 F.2d 328, 330 (9th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 919, 102 S. Ct. 1273, 71 L. Ed. 2d 459 (1982); Zeidler v. United States, 601 F.2d 527, 529 (10th Cir. 1979); Stoleson v. United States, 629 F.2d 1265, 1269 (7th Cir. 1980)
See also Roman v. A.H. Robins Co., 518 F.2d 970, 971 (5th Cir. 1975) (diversity case applying Texas law). Accord : Sidney-Vinstein v. A.H. Robins Co., 697 F.2d 880, 883 (9th Cir. 1983) (diversity case applying California law); Renfroe v. Eli Lilly & Co., 686 F.2d 642, 697 (8th Cir. 1982) (diversity case applying Missouri law); O'Brien v. Eli Lilly & Co., 668 F.2d 704, 706 (3d Cir. 1981) (diversity case applying Pennsylvania law)
As exemplified by Beech, this circuit follows the well-established law that the time of event rule, rather than the discovery rule, applies in cases where the full extent of the plaintiff's injuries are not known at the time of the traumatic event. See Fletcher v. Union Pac. R.R., 621 F.2d 902, 907 (8th Cir. 1980) (FELA case), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1110, 101 S. Ct. 918, 66 L. Ed. 2d 839 (1981); Nivens v. Signal Oil & Gas Co., 520 F.2d 1019, 1024 (5th Cir. 1975) (diversity case applying Louisiana law), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 912, 96 S. Ct. 1509, 47 L. Ed. 2d 763 (1976); Ciccarone v. United States, 486 F.2d 253, 256 (3d Cir. 1973) (FTCA case); Young v. Clinchfield R.R., 288 F.2d 499, 502 (4th Cir. 1961); Brassard v. Boston & Me. R.R., 240 F.2d 138, 141 (1st Cir. 1957) (FELA case); Deer v. N.Y. Cent. R.R., 202 F.2d 625, 628 (7th Cir. 1953) (FELA case)
The only injury of which Albertson arguably was unaware shortly after he returned from his voyage was the liver ailment he attributes to his exposure to the toxic chemical. However, contrary to his counsel's assertion at oral argument, Albertson's deposition testimony and his later-filed affidavit did not create a genuine issue of a material fact that he actually was suffering from a liver ailment caused by his exposure to the TCE. In his deposition, Albertson testified that no doctor had ever conducted an examination of his liver, attributed any liver problem to his exposure to TCE, or diagnosed him as suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. His affidavit filed in response to Stevenson's motion for summary judgment is contrary. The nonmoving party cannot defeat a summary judgment motion by attempting to create a disputed material fact through the introduction of an affidavit that directly conflicts with his prior deposition testimony. Kennett-Murray Corp. v. Bone, 622 F.2d at 894
of Fifth Circuit opinions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
#include "ecma-alloc.h"
#include "ecma-conversion.h"
#include "ecma-helpers.h"
#include "ecma-try-catch-macro.h"
#include "opcodes.h"

/** \addtogroup vm Virtual machine
 * @{
 *
 * \addtogroup vm_opcodes Opcodes
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Perform ECMA number logic operation.
 *
 * The algorithm of the operation is following:
 *   leftNum = ToNumber (leftValue);
 *   rightNum = ToNumber (rightValue);
 *   result = leftNum BitwiseLogicOp rightNum;
 *
 * @return ecma value
 *         Returned value must be freed with ecma_free_value
 */
ecma_value_t
do_number_bitwise_logic (number_bitwise_logic_op op, /**< number bitwise logic operation */
                         ecma_value_t left_value, /**< left value */
                         ecma_value_t right_value) /**< right value */
{
  JERRY_STATIC_ASSERT (ECMA_DIRECT_TYPE_INTEGER_VALUE == 0,
                       ecma_direct_type_integer_value_must_be_zero_for_bitwise_logic);
  JERRY_STATIC_ASSERT ((ECMA_DIRECT_TYPE_MASK | ECMA_VALUE_ERROR_FLAG) == ((1 << ECMA_DIRECT_SHIFT) - 1),
                       direct_type_mask_and_error_flag_must_fill_all_bits_before_the_value_starts);

  JERRY_ASSERT (!ECMA_IS_VALUE_ERROR (left_value)
                && !ECMA_IS_VALUE_ERROR (right_value));

  if (ecma_are_values_integer_numbers (left_value, right_value))
  {
    switch (op)
    {
      case NUMBER_BITWISE_LOGIC_AND:
      {
        return left_value & right_value;
      }
      case NUMBER_BITWISE_LOGIC_OR:
      {
        return left_value | right_value;
      }
      case NUMBER_BITWISE_LOGIC_XOR:
      {
        return (left_value ^ right_value) & (ecma_value_t) (~((1 << ECMA_DIRECT_SHIFT) - 1));
      }
      case NUMBER_BITWISE_SHIFT_LEFT:
      {
        ecma_integer_value_t left_integer = ecma_get_integer_from_value (left_value);
        ecma_integer_value_t right_integer = ecma_get_integer_from_value (right_value);
        return ecma_make_int32_value ((int32_t) (left_integer << (right_integer & 0x1f)));
      }
      case NUMBER_BITWISE_SHIFT_RIGHT:
      {
        ecma_integer_value_t left_integer = ecma_get_integer_from_value (left_value);
        ecma_integer_value_t right_integer = ecma_get_integer_from_value (right_value);
        return ecma_make_integer_value (left_integer >> (right_integer & 0x1f));
      }
      case NUMBER_BITWISE_SHIFT_URIGHT:
      {
        uint32_t left_uint32 = (uint32_t) ecma_get_integer_from_value (left_value);
        ecma_integer_value_t right_integer = ecma_get_integer_from_value (right_value);
        return ecma_make_uint32_value (left_uint32 >> (right_integer & 0x1f));
      }
      case NUMBER_BITWISE_NOT:
      {
        return (~right_value) & (ecma_value_t) (~((1 << ECMA_DIRECT_SHIFT) - 1));
      }
    }
  }

  ecma_value_t ret_value = ecma_make_simple_value (ECMA_SIMPLE_VALUE_EMPTY);

  ECMA_OP_TO_NUMBER_TRY_CATCH (num_left, left_value, ret_value);
  ECMA_OP_TO_NUMBER_TRY_CATCH (num_right, right_value, ret_value);

  ecma_number_t result = ECMA_NUMBER_ZERO;
  uint32_t right_uint32 = ecma_number_to_uint32 (num_right);

  switch (op)
  {
    case NUMBER_BITWISE_LOGIC_AND:
    {
      uint32_t left_uint32 = ecma_number_to_uint32 (num_left);
      result = (ecma_number_t) ((int32_t) (left_uint32 & right_uint32));
      break;
    }
    case NUMBER_BITWISE_LOGIC_OR:
    {
      uint32_t left_uint32 = ecma_number_to_uint32 (num_left);
      result = (ecma_number_t) ((int32_t) (left_uint32 | right_uint32));
      break;
    }
    case NUMBER_BITWISE_LOGIC_XOR:
    {
      uint32_t left_uint32 = ecma_number_to_uint32 (num_left);
      result = (ecma_number_t) ((int32_t) (left_uint32 ^ right_uint32));
      break;
    }
    case NUMBER_BITWISE_SHIFT_LEFT:
    {
      result = (ecma_number_t) (ecma_number_to_int32 (num_left) << (right_uint32 & 0x1F));
      break;
    }
    case NUMBER_BITWISE_SHIFT_RIGHT:
    {
      result = (ecma_number_t) (ecma_number_to_int32 (num_left) >> (right_uint32 & 0x1F));
      break;
    }
    case NUMBER_BITWISE_SHIFT_URIGHT:
    {
      uint32_t left_uint32 = ecma_number_to_uint32 (num_left);
      result = (ecma_number_t) (left_uint32 >> (right_uint32 & 0x1F));
      break;
    }
    case NUMBER_BITWISE_NOT:
    {
      result = (ecma_number_t) ((int32_t) ~right_uint32);
      break;
    }
  }

  ret_value = ecma_make_number_value (result);

  ECMA_OP_TO_NUMBER_FINALIZE (num_right);
  ECMA_OP_TO_NUMBER_FINALIZE (num_left);

  return ret_value;
} /* do_number_bitwise_logic */

/**
 * @}
 * @}
 */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


From an early age I have been absorbing a mixture of practical/analytical work and creative/artistic work from my family. My father, who is an engineer, and my mother, who is a piano teacher, raised me and my 3 older brothers with a mixture of both worlds. Visual Design, Animation, Object Design, Music & Sound are a few disciplines I enjoy playing around with and creating in.
Tools, of all kinds, were always fascinating to me. From mechanical tools like a simple hammer, screwdriver and wrench to electrical communications tools of all sorts, radio, stereo systems, phones, televisions, computers software – you name it. Marshall McLuhan famously said "We shape our tools. And then our tools shape us." McLuhan was referring to the fact that our social practices co-evolve with our use of new tools and the refinements we make to existing tools.
To me, computation – or the power of technology – is a tool that can enhances all other tools and make them even better, more complex, intricate – magical. With the help of computation power, algorithms can produce real life like animations and simulations of entire ecosystems, software can render hyperrealistic images of made up fantasy scenes, and entire musical pieces can be written without a physical input. And that's just the beginning, we see how computational technology is disrupting and changing every single type industry from health to agriculture, business to banking, practically everywhere.
As technology increases to appear in more and more aspects of our everyday life I find that it helps us create/achieve much more in less time while at the same time technology kind of moves us away or pushes us back from the core aspect of creating/absorbing an experience by it being a mediator between the cause and the effect.
I'm absolutely fascinated by this idea. I try to touch this notion in my work as a designer and artist. In ITP I would like to create objects/experiences, whether they be visual or physical ones, that interact with humans and bridge the technological gap between the core physical feeling and the digital representation.
One project that I would absolutely love to try and start working on this term is an augmented Reality / Virtual Reality rube goldberg machine. For a long time I have been fascinated by how people work entire days (sometimes maybe even months) on building these machines that embody in the purest form the manifestation of cause and effect.
No matter my age, looking at those machines always makes me feel calm and happy – something about the presence and appearance of the physical.


text:
Hong Kong needs consultative democracy to build social consensus
By He Tsz-yuk
Current affairs commentator
Translated by Candice Chan
The people of Hong Kong have complained about the lack of electoral democracy in the latest Legislative Council (LegCo) elections. However, young Hong Kong commentator He Tsz Yuk is of the view that apart from electoral democracy, consultative democracy is what Hong Kong needs even more, in order to achieve true democracy including a participatory public and a broad representation of views.
Pedestrians along a road in Hong Kong, China, on 15 February 2022. (Paul Yeung/Bloomberg)
Candice Chan - 25 January 2023
While the Americans have made noticeable progress in their "pivot" to Asia, the crux of successful regional engagement rests on Washington's ability to work with and around China's indisputable links and influence in this part of the world, while managing its own relationship with Beijing.
Politics a threat to China's economy
Political commentator Jin Jian Guo observes that China economic policy has always been ruled by politics, and while it seems that the pendulum is swinging back in favour of private firms after a period of bashing and stifling, this is not a given as the politics of the day still rules.
Memories of graduating in a tent at Nanyang University
Hua Language Centre director Chew Wee Kai thinks back to the first time he attended a university graduation — in a tent. However, the solemnity of the event still shone through, in a fitting tribute to the effort of the graduates, as well as the travails of that storied university called Nanyang University (Nantah), and all that it came to represent.
How a rural village of elderly residents is coping with Covid-19 during CNY
With Chinese New Year around the corner, the wave of human movement during the period could trigger a fresh wave of Covid-19 in China, not least in the rural areas with its villages and less than readily available healthcare. Zaobao correspondent Wong Siew Fong recounts her visit to a rural area in Zhangjiajie to find out if the rural villages are prepared to handle a surge in Covid-19 cases.
China's declining population cannot be easily reversed
The latest announcement of China's first population drop in six decades has gained much attention, with concerns over the long-term implications for the economy and the community. How will this affect China's GDP and its aim to overtake the US as the world's biggest economy? Can China reverse the population trend?
Translated by Candice Chan on 28 February 2022
With Hong Kong's latest Legislative Council (LegCo) elections held in December 2021, the authorities believe they have moved one step further towards having Hong Kong governed by "patriots", and that the elections were a successful exercise in Hong Kong's democratic spirit. However, the foreign ministers of the Five Eyes alliance think that the reduced number of directly elected seats has led to an "erosion of democratic elements" in Hong Kong's electoral system.
Some foreign media outlets such as Australia's public broadcaster SBS have quoted Associate Professor Kenneth Chan of Hong Kong Baptist University saying that the voter turnout of about 30% was "hugely embarrassing" for the government, and an expression of the unhappiness of pro-democracy voters at the election.
Going by these comments, some are using the lack of electoral democracy in this seventh-term LegCo as the main evidence to attack democracy at large in Hong Kong. This shows that their understanding of democracy is one-dimensional, as they feel that electoral democracy is the whole of democracy, which is a very narrow view.
This overhead view shows Hong Kong's Chief Executive Carrie Lam (top left) speaking to Legislative Council (LegCo) members during the first session of a new "patriots only" legislature in Hong Kong on 12 January 2022. (Peter Parks/AFP)
Democracy is not just about going to the ballot box
First, electoral democracy is just one form of democracy, and not the whole of it, nor is it the key to solving all of society's problems. David Van Reybrouck, an advocate of participatory democracy, wrote in an essay in 2016: "Both Brexit and Trump painfully illustrate the dangerous road that all western democracies have taken: reducing democracy to the act of voting."
... when MTR trainee mechanic Chan Tsz-wai was elected, it was seen as David's victory over Goliath. But he was quickly criticised...
Hong Kong's 2019 district council elections is the best proof of this dangerous path. The district council elections are Hong Kong's grassroots elections, and has always been seen as a local consultative framework focusing on "getting things done". Bread and butter issues loom largest on voters' minds, and so most of those previously elected have applied themselves to grassroots work full-time or in the long term.
But this round, according to a study by the Hong Kong Research Association, the reason given by the largest proportion of voters for their vote was because they "object to the political stand of a particular political group or camp".
So, when MTR trainee mechanic Chan Tsz-wai was elected, it was seen as David's victory over Goliath. But he was quickly criticised for being disconnected and neglectful of his duties, and in the end, stopped serving the community because he was unable to raise funds. This shows that there are huge limitations in electoral democracy in bringing out the meaning of democracy, and just taking a political stand might not mean one can solve social problems.
Chan Tsz-wai's candidate form (above) was in sharp contrast to his opponent's. (Internet)
Second, apart from elections, there is also consultative democracy. In their work "What Democracy Is… and Is Not", Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry L. Karl — authorities in comparative politics — note that there is no set form of democracy, but in various parts of the world and in various democratic bodies, given all their diversity, in practice they all pursue the same results, including a highly participatory public, broadly representative spokespersons, and good negotiations and cooperation.
... consultative democracy is relatively less developed in Hong Kong, where public consultation and participation is not seeing a good response.
The merits of consultative democracy
Compared to electoral democracy, consultative democracy is more likely to lead to the three aims above. As stated in the white paper "Hong Kong: Democratic Progress Under the Framework of One Country, Two Systems": "For democracy to develop in Hong Kong, measures should be taken to improve the electoral system, and more forms of democracy — consultation, inquiry, hearing and dialogue — should be tested, to open up more channels for democracy of quality and substance."
However, consultative democracy is relatively less developed in Hong Kong, where public consultation and participation is not seeing a good response. Government officials and LegCo members should play a key role in bringing about constant democratic consultation, to build consensus and come up with concrete policy suggestions, so as to increase the people's sense of political effectiveness.
What examples are there of successful consultative democracy? The "micro-consultations" in mainland China have helped to resolve many difficulties for the people. For instance, Ji Ying — Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference member for Xintian county, Hunan province — raised the idea of simplifying the process of medical claims for chronic illnesses. Subsequently, the provincial Healthcare Security Administration simplified the process of buying medicine for certain outpatient treatments. Now, if these outpatients require hospitalisation, they could defer the use of their outpatient discounts on specialist medicines until the next month, and check into the hospitals first without having to do refunds or returns, which is a great convenience for patients.
... those elected in the district elections under the functional constituencies should work with the community and businesses to come up with platforms (similar to those in mainland China) for consultations...
Legislative Council candidates shake hands at a street booth ahead of the 19 December 2021 election in Hong Kong on 16 December 2021. (Bertha Wang/AFP)
Currently, the 1500-member Election Committee in Hong Kong selects 40 out of 90 lawmakers taking up seats in the Legco. These candidates would need to look beyond serving the needs of the election committee members, and to build a relationship with the Hong Kong people in order to truly serve them.
A more meaningful discussion in terms of consultative democracy would be how those elected in the district elections under the functional constituencies should work with the community and businesses to come up with platforms (similar to those in mainland China) for consultations among public organisations, grassroots, and civic groups, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of these platforms.
As Hillary Clinton said in Democracy Journal: "After all, democracy is an act — one that doesn't end on Election Day." If we are to truly implement good democracy, negotiations and consultations are the key.
Related: The fight against Omicron reveals Hong Kong's disunity | Overhaul of Hong Kong's electoral system: Is it still 'one country, two systems'? | Has Hong Kong been half-hearted about its 'zero-Covid' policy? | First LegCo election under Hong Kong's new electoral system: Tough road ahead for non-pro-establishment candidates
Hong Kong national security law
Central vs local government
Government intervention


text:
Let's Go… Somewhere Else
Reviews 3 Comments EntertainmentGamingReviewRPGSwitch
Because the baying fans always demand more, Nintendo is releasing a remastered version of classic enslavement/dogfighting simulator Pokémon Yellow.
As a depressed, alcoholic, recently out of a mental health facility, closet transgender, undiagnosed autistic, twenty year old, desperate to connect with other nerdy folk, while simultaneously wanting everyone to just go away and leave me the balls alone, I decided to try this game everyone was on about.
Based on having seen maybe 8 episodes of the related anime series and the fact that the few people who'd let me hang out with them were getting into it, I figured I'd give this mass enslavement/dogfighting simulator a go.
Pokémon Yellow had been slightly rejigged from the preceding Red & Blue versions to fit more closely with the TV show. Starting you off without the usual choice of three starters and favouring instead to have you issued with the state-mandated sparky yellow mouse which will follow you around the Kanto region. They're always there, always watching, always waiting, likely to eat you in your sleep and be found with your blood covering it's glossy yellow coat (I'm weird about animals ok. I just feel like, they'll eat me if they get the chance, and honestly, I don't blame them. There's a lot of meat on this).
Perhaps you've heard of Pokémon Let's Go Pikachu/Eevee. If not, I guess, this is me telling you now. I feel so accomplished. I made news for you, that one person who didn't know. I hope you're not too disappointed.
Once again, you get to take on the mantle of a 10 year old child, abandoned by your parental figure (who may just be some kind of automaton or Stepford parent, charged with raising new, morally questionable children. Always at home, in the kitchen, never sleeping. How else do you explain them not having a bedroom) and forced to make your way in the world by imprisoning the wildlife you encounter and making them to fight to earn you a few more Poké-yen (Pokéyen? Pokkén? Is that right? Is that why the tournament is called that, because it's prize fighting?), to feed your animal enslavement habit, in the hopes of becoming the owner of the best animal gladiators in your region.
True to its roots, Let's Go starts you off without the normal choice of starter Pokémon (You made your choice when you paid for it, deal with it). Once you finally get your mitts on the tiny spherical cage they're usually held in, they'll pop out and cling onto you. As such, your Pikachu or Eevee is the closest thing to an actual pet in this game. This mon is special. They get stroked, fed snacks for pleasure instead of just need, and put in tiny outfits you pick up along your journey.
While the Pikachu version of the game shows of the dressing up mechanic very well, it's not so clear with Eevee. This is mainly due to their extra floofy collar (is that a mane? I don't know animal biology well) which tends to hide most of the shirts you can dress them in. Since it's only a shirt and hat that they can wear, and I don't think it's fair to put a long eared animal in a hat, my Eevee, remains unclothed.
The first major change for this from the original is the way wild Pokémon behave. Gone are the random encounters, replaced with visible mons wandering around the long grass. Once you run into them, you are taken to a capture screen that will be very familiar to anyone who's played Pokémon Go since its release in 2016. Pick your cage of choice, then throw it at your target as they do their best to evade you. A shrinking ring gives you a change to get standard, nice, great, or excellent throws. None of which really seems to make any difference to whether you'll actually catch your quarry (even if it's multiple excellent throws in a row. Sure, you can swap balls or bait them with berries to try and make capture more easily, but there's no guaranteeing anything.
This is made more frustrating by the forced use of motion control in TV mode (the only way I really like using my Switch). Throwing a Pokéball straight is fairly straightforward (pun intended only after proof-reading), but doing throws to either side is just bad. It took me some time to work out what action the game actually wanted from me, because my natural action led to balls flying in the opposite direction. Basically you need to angle the front face of the joycon towards direction you're aiming for, as you make the throwing action. My natural inclination was to do the opposite, as that's how I'd throw naturally. I admit, I'm bad at throwing, but still.
In handheld, you can move with the control stick and do fine tuning by tilting the console itself. This works much better for precision targeting, but it's annoyingly absent from TV mode. I've heard reports the creator said they forced this because they were worried that people wouldn't use it otherwise. *holds up hand* I would like to be excused from the crap motion controls, in favour of the slightly less crap motion controls please. *the wind blows, tumbleweed passes* Ok then. Thank you for your consideration.
Much has been made about integration with Pokémon Go – the free-to-play mobile game, very much in the same vein. This led me to spending 2 weeks aggressively playing Go, in the hope of getting a head start on a game I wasn't nearly as excited as I know most people picking it up will be. 'Did it help?' In a word, my imaginary friend, no. Firstly, you need at least 6 of 8 gym badges completed before you can even access the function to import your mobile mon. Sure, you can bring them in thereafter, you may be able to fill in the gaps in your version or even get yourself a Meltan (only available by transferring between Go and Let's Go, and opening *dramatic music* The Mystery Box *audience collective 'ooh'*. Ultimately, though, it cannot be used to get any real early game advantage, as I'd hoped it might.
What will fill in some gaps early on though, are trades with other players. Pop open the trading menu and select a three icon room code and send it to your perspective supplier of desirable, exotic animals. In local mode, this is very simple. No real risk. For wider area trading, you just have to hope no one else is using that random code and double check their username before you send off something shiny to the wrong person and destroying a friendship.
Speaking of shiny, there's an "easy" way to get them (shiny Pokémon are just off colour versions that are prized due to their rarity. Even if most of the alt colours are pretty naff (Shiny Ponyta is a beautiful goddess though and I will politely ask Beedrill if they wouldn't mind punching you in the eyeball if you argue)). Just catch the same Pokémon over and over and you'll start a chain. The longer the chain, the higher the chance of a shiny spawning – they get easier to catch too. Additionally, the stats of the Pokémon you catch will get closer and closer to perfection. So if you want all the stats you can easily access to be as high as possible, you'll be looking at catching 200+ of the same creature. However, if just one escapes, or you accidentally catch the wrong thing in a moment of half-asleep confusion, you break the chain and will lose all the benefits you'd worked up.
Don't worry, if you don't need those Pokémon that aren't perfect, you can go full on eugenics and "transfer" them to Professor Oak who will send them to a farm you can never go to, to live a happy life. Honest. Not convinced? No, me neither. Pretty sure he's grinding them up into candy that you can then feed to your other Pokémon, to improve their stats. The weak destroyed for the good of the strong. Horrific, isn't it, but apparently this is fine in the Pokémon universe.
There's a few changes here and there to the plot, but basically it's the same, you're the new trainer, your neighbour is a good natured rival (could have sworn they were a total jerk in the original) who's starting out at the same time, you travel round, mostly looking for tea and some way to wake a Snorlax and then beat the Elite Four to get crowned the very best, like no one ever was, except the last however many people.
Once you've proven the strength of the animals you've been forcing to fight, you can move onto the post-game. I'm told that the serious Pokéfans get the most out of this bit and are hoping for a lot from it. Well here's some things you can try for. You can try to become the master of a certain Pokémon type (or all of them, if you've got the time), just train up your mon and find the current master. If you defeat them in battle, you can claim the title for yourself. Take 6 of these titles and you can face off with Red (basically Ash from the TV series) for a further title. There's stuff to find all over the world, the shiny hunting, perfect stat hunting, Meltan farming (and if you're really patient, evolving), and series favourite trainer battling against other human players.
The graphics look really good. It's a nice, richly coloured, cartoon style, that sort of reminds me of the MySims games. I was particularly charmed by the fact that the Pokémon in the menus are shown in the pixel art style of the first gen games. The music is well done, modern remakes of the original pieces that was a very pleasant reminisce.
This game is not for me, but I can see what other people like about it. As always, I'm super happy that there are people who like things I don't, because people worked super hard to make this and it would be a shame if that wasn't appreciated by folx.
The main Eevee/Pikachu (depending on your version) are super adorable to interact with
It's more of that thing people like
Motion controls are annoying
It's got Jessie, James and a Meowth in it, but this Meowth doesn't speak human
It's like dog fighting, but without the blood and long term consequences
Overall Score: 8/10
3 thoughts on "Let's Go… Somewhere Else"
Why dose no one mention that you can pertinently get 3 moves before the attacker has a turn?
I'm not really into the remakes (Omega sapphire/Alpha ruby came off as a cash grab).
'Let's go' feels like a 3DS game that was ported to the switch at the last second (it looks like it would run better then sun/moon). we know that sun/moon looks good when converted to HD.
Can you cuddle every Pokemon?
^-^ I miss taking care of them, petting and feeding them treats.
I wish that 'Game freak' would concentrate on making other games instead of reusing an engine in-order to get easy money (can't blame them for doing it).
lealea477 , 2018/11/21 at 10:11
I can't say I encountered having 3 turns before an attacker at any point.
Sadly you can only pet your title Pokémon. I'd have loved to personally care for my Jiggly
^-o Get two joy-cons in hand
wait for Eevee/pikachu to be holding a joy-con above the fight button. *shake*
3 hit in one go.


text:
Averett University Undergraduate Catalog
Averett Main Page
Academic Policies and Regulations
Aeronautics(AV)
Art(ART)
Business Administration (BSA)
Communication Studies/Journalism
Computer Science and Computer Information Systems (CS/CIS)
Criminal Justice (CRJ)
Economics (ECO)
Elementary Education (See Liberal Studies)
English/History (PRE-LAW)
Equestrian Studies (ES)
History (HIS)
Honors Program (HON)
Leadership Studies (LDR)
Liberal Studies (Elementary Education) (ED)
Mathematics (MTH)
Music (MUS)
Nursing (NUR)
Philosophy (PHL)
Physical Education, Wellness, And Sport Science (PE)
Physical Sciences (CH, PSC)
Political Science (POS)
Psychology (PSY)
Religion (REL)
Sociology (SOC)
Spanish (SPA)
Theatre (TH)
Wellness/Sports Medicine
Women's & Gender Studies
Individually Designed Education for Adult Learners (IDEAL)
The People of Averett University
Catalog Archive
Select a section from the drop down list:
Program Description Requirements for a Major in Theatre Requirements for a Major in English/Theatre Requirements for a Major in Theatre Arts with Teaching Licensure (PK-12) Teaching Licensure: Speech Communication Endorsement Minor in Theatre Minor in Musical Theatre Courses of Instruction in Theatre
Richard Breen, Co-Chair
Jackie Finney, Co-Chair
The Averett University Department of Theatre has dedicated itself to the teaching of the practice of theatre, in all of its aspects, and to the growth and development of this discipline in those students who have expressed an interest in the theatre arts. Students in the department bring with them a variety of backgrounds and experiences, both acting and technical, and it becomes the goal of the department to enhance those experiences into an ensemble effort, creating a sense of teamwork and mutual interdependence.
The Theatre Department supports the University's mission of developing students who communicate clearly, think critically, have a global perspective, and are lifelong learners by offering academic courses that fulfill the General Education requirements of the University. The department also recognizes, and strives to fulfill, its responsibilities as a cultural center for the University and the surrounding community by presenting a series of professionally-staged theatre productions throughout the school year.
Upon graduation each major should exhibit the skills and background necessary to enter successfully into a graduate program of study or into an entry-level professional position.
All theatre majors must complete a senior project prior to graduation. In addition, students must attain at least a 2.0 grade point average in the major in order to graduate.


text:
David Maillu (19 oktober 1939), soms onder het pseudoniem Vigad G. Mulila, is een Keniaans politicus, uitgever en een van de meest gepubliceerde schrijvers in Afrika. Hij werkte ook als grafisch ontwerper bij het radiostation Voice of Kenya.

Werk (selectie)
1973: Unfit for Human Consumption  was zijn eerste 'mini-novelle', Comb Books.
1973: My Dear Bottle (in het Engels, er is een vertaling in het Swahili), Comb Books.
1974: Troubles, nog een mini-novelle, Comb Books.
1974: na 04.30 uur, Comb Books.
1976: The Kommon Man.
1979: Kadosa, David Maillu Publishers Ltd.
1979: Yes Christ, toneel, David Maillu Publishen Ltd.
1980: For Mbatha and Rabeka,
1980: Equatorial Assignment.
1980: Hit of Love, gedicht in 100 pagina's (Engels-kamba).
1983: Kaana Ngy'a, een kinderboek in Kamba.
1986: The Ayah (de meid), over de onderdrukking van vrouwelijke huishoudsters in Kenia.
1988; Our Kind of Polygamy, over Keniaanse waarden en identiteit, EAN: 9789966463814
1989: The black Adam and Eve.
1989: Hoe zoek je de juiste vriend (Hoe zoek je de goede vriend).
1989: POBox I Love You via My Heart, over interraciale liefde tussen zwarte en blanke mensen.
1989: Kusoma na Kuandika, een kinderboek over schrijven en lezen in het Swahili.
1989: Zonder Kiiuna Mgongo, over de mengtaal van Swahili en Engels, gesproken door enkele rijke en invloedrijke Kenianen.
1991: Broken drum, over de geschiedenis van het Kamba-volk. Dit boek won de Jomo Kenyatta Literatuurprijs in 1992.

Hij gelooft dat zijn literaire werken allerlei karakters bevatten die de echte samenleving vertegenwoordigen: luidruchtige, immorele, seksistische, corrupte mensen en prostituees. Als christen wou hij deze mensen in zijn boeken een rol laten spelen, om hun gedrag nadien af te keuren.

Hij schrijft in verschillende talen: Engels, Swahili en Kamba, zijn moedertaal. Tussen 1982 en 1985 schreef hij geen enkel boek in het Engels. Hij is schrijver van kinderboeken (tientallen titels), waarvan er vele worden aanbevolen in de boekenlijst voor Keniaanse scholen. De boeken van Maulli zijn ook terug te vinden op de website van Goodreads.

Politiek
In 2007 startte hij zijn politieke partij - de Democratische Volkspartij van Kenia (CDK) - en werd presidentskandidaat. Als politicus erkent hij dat Kenianen tribaal zijn belast, maar hij hoopt dat mensen weten hoe ze leiders moeten kiezen voor wie nationale integratie belangrijker is dan hun eigen stam/volk. Hij verdedigt Afrikaanse waarden tegen racistische berichtgeving in de Westerse pers. Maillu zou een cultureel afgeleid leiderschap willen voorstellen, gebaseerd op inheemse tradities en het zorg dragen voor zijn medeburgers  in African Indigenous Political Ideology: Africa's Cultural Interpretation of Democracy (1997).

Privé
In 1971 trouwde hij met een Duitse vrouw uit Berlijn.

Bibliografie
Mazungumzo: Interviews met East Afn"can Writers, Publishers, Editors and Scholars, uitg. Bernth Lindfors (Athene, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, Mrica Program, 1980)

Externe links
Facebookpagina van David Maillu
Lijst met boeken in Goodreads

Noten en referenties

Keniaans politicus
Keniaans schrijver
Keniaans uitgever

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: MySQL, procedure will not be called I am trying to write a procedure to find the firepower of a class of ships. (The firepower is the number of guns * the displacement cubed)
Relation:
Classes(class, type, country, numGuns, bore, displacement)

What I have tried so far...
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE firePower(in className VARCHAR(50), out p int)
-> begin
-> set p = (SELECT numGuns * displacement * displacement * displacement FROM classes
WHERE class = className);
-> end
-> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.35 sec)

mysql> CALL firePower(Iowa, @p)//
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'Iowa' in 'field list'
mysql> SELECT * FROM classes//
+----------------+------+---------+---------+------+--------------+
| class          | type | country | numGuns | bore | displacement |
+----------------+------+---------+---------+------+--------------+
| Bismarck       | bb   | Germany |       8 |   16 |        42000 |
| Iowa           | bb   | USA     |       9 |   16 |        46000 |
| Kongo          | bc   | Japan   |       8 |   14 |        32000 |
| North Carolina | bb   | USA     |       9 |   16 |        37000 |
| Renown         | bc   | Britain |       6 |   15 |        32000 |
| Revenge        | bb   | Britain |       8 |   15 |        29000 |
| Tennessee      | bb   | USA     |      12 |   14 |        32000 |
| Yamato         | bb   | Japan   |       9 |   18 |        65000 |
+----------------+------+---------+---------+------+--------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> CALL firePower(Bismarck, @p)//
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'Bismarck' in 'field list'
mysql>

My problem is that I cannot seem to call my procedure now...?

A: Since you're not quoting Bismarckin the call, the procedure is interpreting it as a column name. Adding single quotes around it will match against the actual string.
mysql> CALL firePower('Bismarck', @p)//
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
City Paris
Branch Paris Orly Airport
Pickup 12:00 Midnight 12:30 am 01:00 am 01:30 am 02:00 am 02:30 am 03:00 am 03:30 am 04:00 am 04:30 am 05:00 am 05:30 am 06:00 am 06:30 am 07:00 am 07:30 am 08:00 am 08:30 am 09:00 am 09:30 am 10:00 am 10:30 am 11:00 am 11:30 am 12:00 Noon 12:30 pm 01:00 pm 01:30 pm 02:00 pm 02:30 pm 03:00 pm 03:30 pm 04:00 pm 04:30 pm 05:00 pm 05:30 pm 06:00 pm 06:30 pm 07:00 pm 07:30 pm 08:00 pm 08:30 pm 09:00 pm 09:30 pm 10:00 pm 10:30 pm 11:00 pm 11:30 pm
Return 12:00 Midnight 12:30 am 01:00 am 01:30 am 02:00 am 02:30 am 03:00 am 03:30 am 04:00 am 04:30 am 05:00 am 05:30 am 06:00 am 06:30 am 07:00 am 07:30 am 08:00 am 08:30 am 09:00 am 09:30 am 10:00 am 10:30 am 11:00 am 11:30 am 12:00 Noon 12:30 pm 01:00 pm 01:30 pm 02:00 pm 02:30 pm 03:00 pm 03:30 pm 04:00 pm 04:30 pm 05:00 pm 05:30 pm 06:00 pm 06:30 pm 07:00 pm 07:30 pm 08:00 pm 08:30 pm 09:00 pm 09:30 pm 10:00 pm 10:30 pm 11:00 pm 11:30 pm
France // Paris // Paris Orly Airport
Change personal details
L-Haÿ-les-Roses
All cities in France
Sixt rent a car locations nearby
Massy Palaiseau TGV
Paris 08 Saint-Lazare Station
Paris 10 Gare de l Est
Paris 12 Gare de Lyon
Paris 14 Gare Montparnasse
Paris Gare de Bercy Trucks
Les Ulis/Villebon-sur-Yvette
Massy/Antony
Paris 02 Vendome Opera
Paris 06 St Germain des Pres
Paris 07 Saxe Invalides
Paris 11 Voltaire Nation
Paris 14 Porte d'Orléans
Paris 1 Rivoli Sebastopol
Paris 20 Gambetta
Paris Boulogne-Billancourt
Paris Velizy/BMW
All stations in Paris
Paris Orly Airport Car Rental
Address: Aeroport Orly-2
94390 Orly FR +33-820007498
Location: Airport
GDS - Code: ORY
Mo. - Su. Mo.-Su. 07:00-22:00 07:00 - 22:00
Bank Holiday 07:00 - 22:00
24 h return
Sixt Car Rental Services in Paris Orly Airport West, France
If you're looking for a reliable, quality Car Rental, service Sixt Rent a Car can offer you a cheap car to pick up and drop off right from Paris Orly Airport West ORY. Perfectly located for driving into Paris, the airport is located just 11 miles south of the city, so a city car is absolutely necessary for the convenience of seeing all the main attractions of Paris. Have a look at our coupon offers and save some money on your car rental.
Paris Orly Airport West
Paris Orly Airport West is France's busiest airport for domestic flights and second busiest for passenger traffic. It's easy to rent a car here. Car rental and Paris airport prices are competitive. Our fleet include the best brands and vehicles like, for example, the BMW X5. If you make a car rental price comparison, you'll find that Sixt car rental offers good value. They are located in the West Terminal at the arrivals level, next to door B and are open every day of the week. You can find out more about the car rental services and how to rent a car at the airport desk.
Things to see in Paris
There is so much to see in Paris that it's difficult to know where to start, but try taking a trip on the River Seine in a Bateau Mouche, or climbing the steps to the top of the Eiffel Tower for stunning views of Paris. If you are an art lover, visit an art gallery, such as The Louvre. Drive further out of Paris city centre to visit the Palace of Versailles, famous for housing the court of three Kings of France. See more of this amazing city and rent a car from Sixt car rental service. Do not be limited to Paris, with a Sixt rental you can do a road trip anywhere in Europe.
Mo.-Su. 07:00-22:00
Contacts / Lost & Found
SIXT # Paris Orly Airport ORY Aeroport Orly-2 94390 Orly 48.728556, 2.359395 +33-820007498
SIXT # Paris Orly Airport ORY
Aeroport Orly-2
Phone +33-820007498
Location plan - how to find us
Your way to SIXT:
From Terminals 1, 2, 3: The entire SIXT team at Paris Orly Airport will be delighted to welcome you to the Sixt car rental desk at Terminal 1 at Level 0 "Arrivals", which is located near Door 15A. From Terminal 4: Take the free Orlyval shuttle to join us at Terminal 1. Orlyval is available at minute drop-off from Terminals 1 and 4 from 6:00 am to 11:35 pm and runs every 7 minutes. On foot crossing the terminals 3 and 2 (porte 22A).
From Paris, Evry: Follow Orly Aeroport 2.3 and Parking P3 turn left "car rental".
Return information/Car park:
Our car park is located at Terminal 2 parking P3 at level -1. To return your vehicle, follow the CAR RENTAL sign towards P3 Orly Parking 2.3. Head to the main entrance of the car park. Parking rental is on level -1. Get off, keep to the left for Premium Parking and Return of rental cars, a Sixt sign will take you to us. Our returns area is in O Lane. A key box is available on the front of the cabin, in the parking lot P3 Orly 2, level -1, Allee N.
Download location map
Outside open hours - pick-up & return
Out of hour return possible.
A keybox is available in the SIXT cabin front wall in the car rental's parking P3 Orly 2 on the floor -1, Allée N.
Categories and Services
Compact Cars & Sedans
Sports cars & convertibles
Select vehicle for pick-up using iPhone
Sixt Cookie-Settings


Wow, this is really late this week, because I am really sick. :/ And I've been writing it all day ... and by all day, I mean I slept all day until about 4pm and that's when "the day started" ... ugh.
Listening — to The Olympics. What else? As I've mentioned many times before, I am an Olympics whore, and I set a "season pass" to record on the TiVo. That's pretty intense, if you realize just how much Olympic coverage that is. Though currently I am being bored to tears by men's indoor volleyball. I feel really bad that I hate it, but I do. Well, thankfully gymnastics and swimming have taken over the evening broadcast again ... yay! Go team!
Daydreaming — about a trip we're taking next month to shoot a wedding in Los Angeles. This was a gift my friend from graphic design school gave me when she realized she could no longer shoot her cousin's wedding. It's on September 29th in Malibu, and the bride is a fantastic artist. I think the wedding is going to be one of those really beautiful, amazing ones. Scott & I haven't been to Los Angeles in many, many years, and while we won't be there for a long time, I keep thinking of stuff we can do while we're there. Among them: hang out with my aunt & uncle (who live in Malibu), hang out with my cousin while we're at it (hopefully), and maybe even see my best friend Christina. Most of all? I can't believe this wedding is next month. Holy cow.
Wanting —to not be sick anymore. Ugh. Ever since I committed a lot more to being healthy and not getting sick (last year), any time I actually get sick feels like a huge affront. How dare my body betray me like this? Stupid cold! I fear I've gotten really whiny. Fortunately, Scott is out late tonight (he didn't leave until 10pm) so I get to moan and groan in bed without worrying that I'm bothering him. What worries me is that I felt worse and worse as the day progressed today ... and I really, really really need to be able to go to work tomorrow. What if I'm too sick? This was the worst possible time for me to be ill, and I'm feeling rather helpless about it. Not to mention that I'm scheduled to shoot two shows tomorrow night, and one on Saturday, and engagement photos on Sunday. I need to not be sick! Now!
Writing — This blog entry (har!). Other blog entries (betcha didn't guess!). Emails to people warning them that I may have to cancel my photo gigs. Emails to my boss & coworkers. Snarky tweets.
I linked up with Harvesting Kale & This Amazing Day, and you should, too!
That wedding sounds amazing. Such an awesome opportunity for you! I love when you mix a little vacation into your work time.
I'm sorry you're feeling sick. But really? If you had to pick a time to get sick - it might be when you have a season pass to TiVo for the Olympics. Then you don't have to feel any guilt for sitting in front of the tube all day!


text:
Home > News > Diplomatic News > Christine Robichon bids farewell to the Cameroonian National (...)
Christine Robichon bids farewell to the Cameroonian National Assembly
The French Ambassador's stay in Cameroon is coming to an end. She was received yesterday, September 5, 2016, by the Cameroon-France Parliamentary Friendship Group. The assessment of this parliamentary collaboration these last three years proved to be fruitful.
The French Ambassador's stay in Cameroon is coming to an end. She was received yesterday, September 5, 2016, by the Cameroon-France Parliamentary Friendship Group. On behalf of the latter's President, Jean-Bernard Ndongo Essomba, Vice President Marie Rose Nguini Effa, looked back on the numerous interparliamentary collaborations between the two countries, with visits in Cameroon from :
National Assembly Speaker Mr Claude Bartolone in October 2014 ;
Deputy André Schneider with a delegation of French MPs members of the Parliamentary Friendship Group in June 2014 ;
Deputy Jean-Paul Bacquet, President of Business France, in December 2014 ;
Deputies Philippe Baumel et Pierre Lellouche within the scope of the parliamentary information mission on "Stability and Development in French-Speaking Africa" in January 2015 ;
Senator Jean-Yves Leconte in December 2015 ;
Senator Louis Duvernois in June 2016.
The Cameroon-France Parliamentary Friendship Group's Vice President has thus concluded that "Ms. Robichon's assessment in Cameroon is very laudatory." The Ambassador welcomed the interparliamentary cooperation's good state and highlighted the key role of these institutions that have a say in consolidating democracy.
The Ambassador also hailed the important work of the Cameroonian National Assembly during these last three years, including the following :
The ratification of the Paris Agreement on climate in a stellar time lapse. Cameroon is one of the first African countries to have ratified the Agreement. Some French members of the friendship group actively participated in the COP21. For instance, Philip Baumel clearly positioned himself for the ratification of the Paris Agreement in May 2017 by pleading before his counterparts at the National Assembly ;
* The key role played by the National Assembly during discussions of the last (heated) session relating to the revision of the Penal Code session which has seen some of the MPs on the friendship group hold the upper hand.
Second Paris Peace Forum, 12 and 13 November 2019
Former President Jacques Chirac has died
H.E. Gilles Thibault is leaving office
Female diplomats in France: from 1930 to tomorrow
The G20 Summit in Buenos Aires: putting multilateralism high on France's


Law firm serving leesburg gloverlawfirm.
Our employment lawyers handle many wrongful termination cases on a contingency fee … For example, Florida law prohibits terminating an employee because:.
FREE detailed reports on 111 Wrongful Termination Attorneys in Florida including disciplinary sanctions, peer endorsements, and reviews.


Here is a time lapse video I did for fun on May 10th. I used my Samsung s5 phone with the default camera mounted to an Arkon smart phone tripod. Settings: Record Mode – Fast Motion x4 on shorter clips and x8 on the longer clips.
My brewery setup and the brewing technique (batch sparge) is pretty much just like Denny Conn's. So instead of writing what I do, you can just go to his site. Only difference is that I do 40L.
The recipe for this batch is here.
Here is a time lapse of my setup for crushing my grains.
I use a Porkert Mill, a 5 gallon water jug (with the bottom cut out) and a Craftman 1/2″ drill all mounted on a 35 year old Black and Decker Workmate. This setup will crush 9-10Kg of grain in about 3 minutes. I have heard that some have issues with the crush coming out as flour with a porkert, but I have never had this issue. I use a plastic bag to guide the crush into my mash tun or bucket.
I would not recommend cutting the bottom off of the water jug but to only cut a hole from the bottom as the bottom rim of the water jug will keep the structural integrity of the jug.
The Workmate is used as a table for my mash tun also. Once the mash tun is not needed, it is used as a table to hold my beer. But I will be honest, I typically do not drink while brewing.
Other than the Workmate and the plastic bag (o.0), I have been using this equipment since I started all-grain brewing back in 2004. I am not big on spending a lot of money on my brewery, so I make do with what I have on hand. If memory serves me correctly, this setup did not cost any more than $30 (maybe less) thanks to yard sales and a Sears gift card.


text:
John Gretton, 1r Baró de Gretton (Newton Solney, Derbyshire, 1 de setembre de 1867 - Melton Mowbray, 2 de juny de 1947) CBE (1919), VD, TD, PC (1926), JP, DL Leics, Derbys, fou un home de negocis i polític conservador anglès. El 1900 guanyà dues medalles d'or als Jocs de París com a regatista.

Gretton estudià al Harrow School, a Harrow, Londres. Va ser nomenat president de Bass, Ratcliff i Gretton Ltd, els cervesers de Burton-upon-Trent el 1908 i on va treballar fins a 1945.

Gretton va servir com a tinent-coronel i coronel del 6è batalló del regiment de North Staffordshire del Territorial Army a partir de 1907. Amb l'esclat de la Primera Guerra Mundial va ser confirmat com a coronel temporal al comandament del batalló. El 1920 el Ministeri de Defensa va designar-lo tinent coronel a la reserva per ser desmobilitzar el 1922.

El 1895 fou escollit com a membre de la Cambra dels Comuns com a parlamentari (MP) per Derbyshire South, un seient que va ocupar fins a 1906. Posteriorment representà Rutland entre 1907 i 1918 i Burton, entre 1918 i 1943, quan va ser nomenat Oficial de l'Orde de Sant Joan. El 1919 va rebre l'Orde de l'Imperi Britànic amb el grau de Comandant i el 1926 fou admès al Consell Privat. El 1944 rebé el títol de baró de Gretton, de Stapleford al comtat de Leicester.

El 1900 va prendre part en els Jocs Olímpics de París on participà en tres proves del programa de vela. Guanyà dues medalles d'or, en la modalitat de classe oberta i en la primera cursa de la modalitat de ½ a 1 tona, junt a Lorne Currie, Linton Hope i Algernon Maudslay, mentre en la segona cursa de ½ a 1 tona fou quart.

Referències

Regatistes anglesos
Medallistes britànics als Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1900
Persones de Derbyshire
Barons britànics
Membres del Partit Conservador britànic
Membres del Consell Privat del Regne Unit
Comandants de l'Orde de l'Imperi Britànic
Alumnes de la Harrow School
Morts a Anglaterra
Polítics anglesos


Creative jewelry display book is designed to organize 42 pairs of earrings in one book. Are you still feel bothered to single out the favorite pair of earrings from your previous tangled jewelry case? Now you can keep all your beloved earrings, ear-studs organized and neatly displayed in this jewelry holder, you can quickly put on your favorite earring for a special occasion, your jewelry will be no longer all tangled up. Unique book design makes it look fashionable, you can hold this jewelry organizer in hand like a fashion piece, or just put it into your handbag.


"100 Year Old Reproduction"- Give me a break!
Home > Ebay Fakes- Look! > Examples of fakes and frauds!! (Sadly-many examples!) > "100 Year Old Reproduction"- Give me a break!
"BEAUTIFUL CLEAN CABINET CARD OF GENERAL GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER.DONE BY W.H. TIPTON GETTYSBURG,PA..I WAS TOLD THAT EVEN THO THIS PICTURE IS 100 YEARS OLD OR SO IT IS A 100 YEAR OLD REPRODUCTION.."
Makes me feel all warm and cozy about this image. Yea, right. This is a modern (last few years) reproduction made to dupe good people out of their hard earned money. Instead of buying this fake give the money to "Make-A-Wish" and let a sick kid enjoy a special day out.


text:
Work likely will take at least a year and cost a projected $3 billion to remove debris from thousands of homes and other buildings destroyed in last month's wildfires.
State and federal officials provided those estimates Tuesday in an update about the recovery work happening in Butte, Los Angeles and Ventura counties.
The Camp Fire, Woolsey Fire and Hill Fire started Nov. 8. In all, more than 88 people died and 20,000-plus structures were destroyed.
Most of those were in Butte County, where the Camp Fire claimed 85 lives and destroyed nearly 14,000 homes and 4,800 other structures.
Locally, more than 1,600 structures were destroyed in the Woolsey and Hill fires, including about 180 in Ventura County.
MORE:Woolsey Fire hit six communities at once
The timing, cost
Last week, the state-managed debris removal program started, as state and federal agencies began clearing household hazardous waste such as paint and pesticides from sites, officials said.
That's Phase 1, which is expected to take about four to six months to complete.
A second phase, when CalRecycle-managed crews come into clear the remaining debris and contaminated soil, is expected to begin in early January.
"We believe it would take up to a year to be able to address the amount of debris we're talking about," Cal OES Director Mark Ghilarducci said on a call with news organizations Tuesday.
The total cost could end up in the neighborhood of $3 billion, he said.
The work likely will wrap up sooner in Ventura County, because it has a relatively low percentage of the overall properties.
There is no cost to homeowners for the debris removal program except for the reimbursement available through homeowner insurance policies.
To participate in the program, property owners need to sign a right-of-entry form. They are available at http://venturacountyrecovers.org/category/debris-removal.
A hotline also was set up at 805-654-2432 or EHDWoolsey-HillFire@ventura.org.
Forms can be submitted at the environmental health division at the Ventura County Government Center, 800 S. Victoria Ave. in Ventura; or Thousand Oaks City Hall, 2100 Thousand Oaks Blvd.
Last year, the state removed debris from 672 properties destroyed in the Thomas Fire, which burned close to 282,000 acres in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. Crews cleared roughly 263,000 tons of ash, debris and contaminated soil.