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Broker says self-storage portfolio could trade for $200M
Ryan Deffenbaugh
Provided by Cushman & Wakefield
A burdensome permitting process for new construction makes a large self-storage portfolio more valuable.
Marie Kondo is encouraging Americans to throw away what they don't need, but the booming self-storage business shows not everyone is listening.
Now, a developer is ready to cash in big time on a rare large portfolio of the properties in the city.
Council panel votes to limit self-storage in industrial zones
Self-storage builder strikes deal for $100M development
A roughly 300,000-square-foot portfolio with about 6,000 total self-storage units went on the market last week, which sales advisor Cushman & Wakefield expects could trade for around $200 million.
"We've had portfolios that have this much square footage, but they're spread out throughout the country," Cushman & Wakefield Vice Chairman Mike Mele said. "To put together this large a portfolio is difficult and to do this in New York is almost unheard of."
The five properties—spread out in the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens—were each completed within the past two years by SNL Development Group, which is the seller. They are managed by the real estate investment trust Life Storage.
Stored-up demand
Self-storage construction reached $5 billion last year, roughly 20 times what was spent in 2011, according to Commerce Department data analyzed by The Wall Street Journal.
But building self-storage in New York was complicated by a 2017 city ordinance that requires a special permit for the facilities in the majority of the city's industrial zones.
The de Blasio administration argued that self-storage uses could squeeze out manufacturing companies that employ more people.
Industry officials said at the time that New York was underserved for self-storage compared to other markets. There is about 3.5 rentable square feet of self-storage space per person in the New York metro, according to data provided by Cushman & Wakefield. Nationally, there is about 6.5 square feet of rentable space per person.
With the permit process limiting competition in the storage space, Mele says the properties are well-positioned. The interest could come from either real estate investors who specialize in buying and selling self-storage, he said, or from investors trying to diversify their holdings.
"While things are still good in general in the economy now, we are ten years plus in to this, and I think a lot of people are starting to think that if something happens where office rents go down, or retail is a problem, I'll have storage to muscle us through," Mele said.
The properties are at the following addresses:
134-31 Merrick St., Jamaica,
1200 McDonald Ave., Brooklyn,
1690 East New York Ave., Brooklyn,
1430 Bruckner Blvd, Bronx,
4139 Boston Road, Bronx.
Sponsored Content: What Covid-19 taught us about underserved communities in health care


Eric's understanding of coding and development, coupled with his content strategy expertise, makes him a Google tour-de-force.
Prior to coming to Up&Up, Eric managed search engine marketing for one of the largest agricultural e-commerce sites in the country. He heads up all content and search related strategies and is constantly building new ways to measure their successes for clients like Wake Forest University, Clemson University, George Mason University, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Evangel University, and North Greenville University.
Eric is also our resident musician, a talent he uses weekly as the lead guitarist at his church. He and his wife, Heather, are helping to plant a new church in Greenwood, SC. They strive to pour into the Greenwood community through love and service. They are not alone in this desire, their three children love to help people and see joy in everything and everyone.


MEXICO CITY, Jan. 15, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Grupo Hotelero Santa Fe, S.A.B. Of C.V. (BMV: HOTEL) ("HOTEL" or "the Company"), one of the leading companies in the hotel industry in Mexico, announces the signing of a franchise agreement with Hyatt for Hyatt Centric Campestre Leon, which will be rebranded from Cleviá Grand Leon. This 5-star hotel in León, Guanajuato, Mexico, has 140 rooms and is located in "Puerta Bajío," a premium location in a mixed-use real estate development including a shopping mall, residential apartments and office space. It is in the north of the city in the "zona dorada," one of the fastest growing areas in the city. The hotel's brand change is expected in Q1 2019.


So far this summer, much of Alberta has seen cool and wet weather. This has helped our lawns stave off drought conditions typically seen in July and August, but it will likely also create an issue for those interested in lawn care. In other words, it will cause an increase in lawn diseases this fall.
Powdery mildew is one disease that we expect to see more of this fall. The picture above was taken at a customer's lawn in Airdrie over the weekend, but it has been recorded by our technicians to be all over southern Alberta and even into Edmonton and surrounding areas. The good news about this disease is that it is not turf damaging. The mildew will eventually wash off. The bad news is that if you have powdery mildew, then you probably have conditions favorable to other more turf damaging diseases such as fairy ring, brown patch, and necrotic ring spot.
If you have powdery mildew we recommend core aeration to allow water to penetrate the root system, lawn raking to remove thatch and debris that can spread disease, and over-seeding in the fall. Also, remember never to water at night.
When it comes to lawn care, Dr. Green has the lawn maintenance tips that you need to keep your lawn looking beautiful. For more information and helpful lawn care tips, check out our other blog posts. Lawn care not your thing? That's okay, because we're the pros. Simply fill out our form for a free quote and we'd be happy to handle your lawn for you.


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Resources > Latest News > Better understanding wastewater treatments nitrous oxide emissions
Better Understanding Wastewater Treatment's Nitrous Oxide Emissions
Jun 17, 2021 | 14 mins read by Water Source
D de Haas, L Ye
First published in Water e-Journal Vol 6 No 2 2021.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a major contributor to direct (Scope 1) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Activated sludge systems typically represent the bulk of mainstream treatment processes for municipal WWTPs, both in Australia and most developed countries. N2O has been measured in the off-gases from such plants in many different locations. The underlying biochemical mechanisms are complex. The measured actual emission rates show high variability in N2O emissions, both in time and space (within a given bioreactor system) and between different bioreactors across a range of WWTP configurations. Under current GHG reporting protocols, both internationally and in Australia, fixed emission factors for N2O are typically used (i.e., invariant over time and source location). However, in the calculations underlying the emissions reported under different protocols, the way in which these factors are defined and applied can be different. Hence, aside from the complexity and variability of the actual biochemical mechanisms at play, emission factor definition and calculation methodology are a first potential source of confusion when reporting N2O emissions from WWTPs. A second source of potential confusion stems from the use of fixed emission factors (i.e., without reference to type of treatment plant or its performance, for example, in terms of nitrogen removal). A third source of confusion concerns the boundary of the WWTP and the distinction between N2O emissions from the WWTP treatment processes per se versus those associated with the discharge of WWTP effluent to a receiving water body (e.g., river, estuary ocean) or land (in the case of irrigation), and the disposal of biosolids.
This paper focusses on the first two potential sources of confusion around WWTP N2O emissions mentioned above. It starts with an overview, in simple terms, of the main biochemical mechanisms of N2O formation in activated sludge systems, based on current knowledge from research literature. Next, recent results (from both published literature and previously unpublished data, both overseas and in Australia) are examined, highlighting a common trend in average N2O emission factors from different WWTPs. Lastly, these results are compared with the N2O emission factors as defined in the IPCC (2019) and the current Australian NGER Determination (2020) reporting protocols.
N2O formation biochemical mechanisms in wastewater treatment
N2O formation in WWTPs have been previously reviewed by others (inter alia Law et al., 2012; Wunderlin et al., 2012, 2013; Valkova et al., 2021). In their review, Law et al. (2012) made following general observations:
The microbial nitrogen transformation processes in a WWTP are fundamentally the same as in other environments such as soil, marine and freshwater 2 habitats. However, unlike most other environments, wastewater treatment plants are engineered systems designed to achieve high nitrogen conversion rates.
Domestic wastewater usually contains relatively high concentrations of nitrogen (N), around 20-70 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) as N. To achieve almost complete nitrogen removal within short retention times (in the order of hours), high reactor N loading rates are applied, resulting in relatively high nitrification and denitrification rates, and potentially relatively high rates of N2O production.
Bacterial communities in a WWTP are subjected to rapid changes in process conditions that are applied to promote aerobic or anoxic biochemical reactions. Such rapid changes likely cause physiological stress on both the nitrifying and denitrifying communities, and the potential to induce transient behaviours like N2O formation.
Active aeration is used to induce aerobic conditions in WWTPs. The aeration systems are engineered to efficiently transfer oxygen to the bioreactor, but also enable efficient transfer of N2O from the liquid phase to the gas phase. Therefore, any temporary imbalance between N2O production and consumption in the bioreactor could result in N2O accumulation and/or stripping during aeration.
Given that WWTPs are highly engineered, there are opportunities to mitigate N2O emissions by improving process design and/or operation.
The main pathways for N2O formation, based on the research literature of underlying biochemical mechanisms are summarised in Table 1. The two main pathways are autotrophic nitrification (via nitrifier denitrification; and/or hydroxylamine oxidation) and heterotrophic denitrification, with a third (chemical) pathway considered to be uncommon.
Note 1: There is some evidence (at least at laboratory scale) that heterotrophic denitrifiers have the capacity to act not only a source but also a sink for N2O (i.e., to produce net N2O under some conditions, due instability in the reduction chain, but net removal of N2O under other conditions through denitrification of N2O to N2 gas).
Sources: Goreau et al. (1980); Igarashi et al. (1997); Law et al. (2012); Ribera-Guardia et al. (2014); Soler-Jofra et al. (2016); Stein et al. (2011); Tallec et al. (2006); Valkova et al. (2021); von Schulthess et al. (1995); Wunderlin et al. (2013).
GHG reporting protocols
Two GHG reporting protocols for domestic wastewater treatment were reviewed, namely: the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (international); and the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008 (2020 compilation), which is applicable in Australia (Australian Govt, 2020).
In respect of N2O for domestic wastewater treated in centralised 'aerobic' treatment plants (not including effluent discharge), the IPCC guidelines (IPCC, 2019) apply a plant-wide fixed (default) emission factor (EFN2O-WWTP) of 0.016 kg N2O-N/kg N (1.6%) with respect to the influent (raw wastewater) total nitrogen (TN) load - N2O emissions are noted as 'variable' with a wide possible EF range given (0.016% - 4.5%) (IPCC, 2019). The IPCC default EFN2O-WWTP does not change with TN removal across the WWTP.
The origin of the IPCC (2019) default emission factor
(EFN2O-WWTP = 0.016 kg N2O-N/kg N) is presented in Figure1, found in Annex 6A.5 of the IPCC 2019 Refinement guidelines. The data for this chart was sourced from various literature references (cited by IPCC, 2019) for 30 WWTPs considered to be reflective of 'the most typical and widely used treatment processes globally' (IPCC, 2019). It is a reasonable supposition that the average N2O daily emission rate will be directly proportional to the TN mass loading rate (i.e., nominally the size of the WWTP), as suggested by the linear trend in Figure 1. However, the calculated slope of the trendline in Figure 1 (from which the IPCC default emission factor stems) was likely influenced heavily by the data from less than ten plants (a third of the dataset) with TN loading rates >4,000 kgN/d (approximately) i.e., relatively large WWTPs treating population equivalents of >300,000, indicatively. For many settings, including most of regional Australia and New Zealand, such large plants would be uncommon in terms of number. Moreover, the inherent assumption behind the trendline in Figure 1 is that process performance across the selected WWTPs, at least in terms of N removal, is essentially the same. In reality, N removal performance can differ widely between different WWTPs. The underlying biochemical mechanisms (see Table 1) suggest that N2O emissions are linked with N removal (i.e., nitrification-denitrification biological reactions) over a range of plant sizes from laboratory scale to full scale.
Figure 1: Correlation between influent Total nitrogen (TN) and N2O emissions (reproduced from IPCC (2019), Annex 6A.5)
By contrast, for N2O from domestic wastewater treatment, the NGER Determination (Australian Govt., 2020) applies a plant-wide fixed EFN2O-WWTP of 2.082 tonnes CO2-e as N2O per tonne N "produced" (removed), which converts to 0.005 tonnes N2O-N per tonne N removed (0.5% of TN removed) at 265 tonnes CO2-e/ tonne N2O. For a case where treatment removal (by mass balance calculations in the NGER methodology) is indicatively 80% of influent TN, the NGER EF for N2O is equivalent to 0.4% of influent TN (i.e., four times lower than the IPCC default EF, see above). The NGER methodology provides no guidance on the range in the EF for N2O. However, when comparing the IPCC and NGER methods in equivalent terms (i.e., both relative to influent TN), the NGER EF effectively decreases with decreasing TN removal across the WWTP.
In both protocols (IPCC and NGER), the remainder of influent TN not removed (i.e., effluent TN discharged) is separately accounted for using a different EF for discharge defined in each of the respective guidelines, to account for N2O expected to be produced and released from the receiving environment. This aspect was not studied here.
Actual N2O emissions data
We collated actual (measured) average N2O emissions and average TN removal data from a range of WWTPs, based on the recent literature data of Valkova et al. (2021) as provided by Parravicini (2020), for ten WWTPs in Europe, representing a total of twenty measurement campaigns in the period 2012-2018, including seasonal repetition.
We compared this dataset to that for eight WWTPs in Australia, representing eight measurement campaigns (1-2 months each, not seasonally repeated). Some of the Australian plant results have been published (Law et al., 2012; Ye et al., 2014; Pan et al., 2016; Duan et al., 2020), whilst the remainder (for three plants) are hitherto unpublished data collected by the University of Queensland. Trends in the datasets were investigated by regression analysis, and the results compared with emission factors applied in the IPCC (2019) and NGER (2020) reporting protocols.
Figure 2 shows that both the EU and AU datasets suggest linear trends in plant-wide EFN2O-WWTP where the EF is inversely related to TN removal (expressed in percentage terms) across the WWTP. The linear regression correlation is stronger for the EU dataset (R2 =0.86), which included more datapoints (n = 20), compared with the AU dataset (R2 =0.56, n= 7). One AU WWTP was excluded from the regression analysis since this measurement campaign was a special case (see Figure 2). The measured emissions were relatively low for this plant (considering its configuration and extent of TN removal, compared with other similar plants). Possible reasons for this were related to methodological differences around the off-gas measurement, and the presence of a thick scum/ foam layer on the surface of the aeration tanks in the vicinity of the gas hoods for off-gas collection. Biological removal of N2O through heterotrophic denitrification in the scum/ foam layer is possible.
The trendlines identified in Figure 2 imply that, in relative terms, N2O emissions increase as N removal decreases (i.e., where nitrification-denitrification reactions are incomplete or partial). Conversely, lower N2O emissions in relative terms, are expected to occur in WWTPs that achieve higher degrees of N removal (i.e., where nitrification-denitrification reactions are largely complete by the time the effluent leaves the bioreactors). Obviously, this trend has the inherent assumption that N removal occurs predominantly in one bioreactor (or one set of similar bioreactors). In practice, within the same WWTP, it is possible that different bioreactors (representing sequential or parallel process steps) emit N2O emissions to different degrees and remove N to different degrees, whereas the WWTP overall achieves a relatively high percentage of TN removal. In such cases, the WWTP data might give excursions from the trend in Figure 2.
As explained by Valkova et al. (2021), there are fundamental reasons why N2O emissions might be linked to the extent of TN removal across the mainstream processes for WWTPs. Essentially, most of the emitted N2O is attributed to autotrophic nitrification pathways. The biochemical mechanisms of N2O formation during nitrification are associated with higher ammonia oxidation rates, and/or higher reactor prevalence of partial nitrification/ denitrification products (e.g., nitrite), both of which are linked with higher reactor nitrogen loading rates, spatial feed distribution, DO concentrations, and transient aerobic conditions (e.g., at the start of aeration, moving from low to higher reactor DO). In each case, these conditions typically tend to occur in plants designed or operated for lower degrees of TN removal and/or shorter sludge ages. Plants that achieve near-complete TN removal tend to be designed for longer sludge ages and have larger reactors that are more lightly loaded, with larger anoxic fractions (N2O sinks).
Given the limitations from variance and number of datapoints in the datasets, Figure 2 suggests that the average EFN2O-WWTP, for a given degree of TN removal, is higher in the AU WWTPs (UQ dataset) than the EU WWTPs (Valkova et al., 2021 dataset). Many factors might contribute to variability in N2O emissions, for a given degree of TN removal (i.e., the vertical scatter of datapoints in Figure 2). Some of these might be physical factors around plant design and operation (e.g., aeration and recycles rates, reactor dissolved oxygen concentration, reactor type and configuration including compartmentalisation, feed and recycle set-up, flow and/or diurnal load patterns, reactor temperature etc.), while others might be biological factors (e.g., wastewater composition, microbial community diversity). Furthermore, given the difficulty of measuring off-gas or dissolved N2O in full scale reactors, methodological factors (systematic or measurement errors) likely also contribute to the EF uncertainty.
To compare reporting methodologies, the N2O EFWWTP can be expressed in two ways: (1) relative to influent TN load (e.g., IPCC, 2019); or (2) relative to TN removed (e.g., NGER, Australian Govt., 2020). Both approaches were examined for the datasets considered in this study.
N2O EF relative to Influent TN load
Figure 3 relates the actual N2O emissions data (from Figure 2) to the default emissions factors derived from the IPCC and NGER (equivalent) reporting protocols, expressed on a common basis, namely, N2O emissions with respect to percent influent TN load vs. percent TN removal across the whole WWTP. It shows that the IPCC EF (1.6%) is very conservative (i.e., high), makes no provision for the degree of TN removal and likely over-estimates actual N2O emissions for typical WWTPs. Conversely, the NGER EF (0.5% relative to TN removed in the 2020 compilation; decreased from 1.0% in previous NGER compilations) might only be representative of N2O emissions for WWTPs achieving at least approximately 80% TN removal. The formulation of the NGER EF as constant relative to TN removed results in the equivalent EF (relative to influent TN) decreasing with decreasing degrees of TN removal, whereas the actual N2O data suggests the opposite trend. The NGER methodology will therefore likely underestimate actual N2O emissions for WWTPs that achieve lower degrees of TN removal (indicatively <83% at EFN2O-WWTP = 0.4% in Figure 3).
Table 1 shows the outcome of correcting the EF's applied in the IPCC and NGER methodologies, based on the 'best fit' linear regression for the pooled EU and AU datasets (excluding 1 no. AU WWTP, see above), as shown in Figure 4. The linear correlation for the pooled datasets is relatively weak (r2 = 0.55), as expected, given that the EU and AU datasets appear to be distinct from each other (Figure 2). Further work is required to understand the underlying reasons for such dataset differences, be they process related (e.g., temperature, type and configuration of bioreactors) or methodological (e.g., around N2O measurement campaigns, and/or TN removal calculation for the bioreactors per se or the WWTP as a whole).
N2O EF relative to TN removed
Since the predominant mechanisms for N2O formation in WWTPs involve biological pathways for nitrification and denitrification (Table 1), it is more sensible to relate the N2O emission factor to TN removal than influent TN.
Figure 5 presents the same datasets as for Figure 2, except with the emission factor (y-axis) expressed as a percentage relative to TN removed. Figure 5 shows improved linear correlations for both the EU and AU datasets, compared with Figure 2.
Figure 6 plots the actual N2O emissions data (from Figure 5) to the default emissions factors derived from the IPCC (equivalent) and NGER reporting protocols, expressed on the alternative common basis, namely, N2O emissions as a percentage of TN removed vs. percent TN removal across the whole WWTP. In this case, the IPCC equivalent emission factor (which is constant with respect to influent TN load, see Figure 3) increases as TN removal decreases (Figure 6) and at 100 % TN removal (theoretically) is numerically the same in percentage terms as the IPCC default (1.6% of influent TN load). The actual N2O data from both the EU and AU datasets reviewed here (Figure 6) suggest that the IPCC default is too conservative (too high).
The NGER default factor (constant with respect to TN removed, see Figure 6) might be more appropriate for WWTPs with TN removal in the higher range (indicatively 80 to 97%), but is likely to over-predict N2O emissions for some plants (e.g., most plants in the EU dataset in this range). Conversely, the data suggest that the NGER default factor is likely to under-predict N2O emissions in the lower range of TN removal (indicatively 60% to 80%), potentially by a large margin. The best approach would be to adopt a variable N2O emission factor, expressed with respect to percent TN removed (i.e., like the NGER approach) whereby the emission factor is a function of percent TN removal across the whole WWTP. Figure 7 shows a plot of the emission factor expressed on this basis for the pooled datasets (EU and AU) reviewed in this study. The correlation (r2 = 0.66) is somewhat better than that in Figure 4, but with room for improvement, potentially by adding more data from further field measurement campaigns (in Australia and internationally) and standardising measurement methodologies.
Finally, for context, 2015-16 TN removal data from a benchmarking study of WWTPs in Australia and New Zealand (de Haas et al., 2018) is summarised in Table 3. There is a wide variation in the range of actual TN removal for the WWTPs surveyed in this benchmarking study. Adopting the simple average of TN removal (83%) of all the WWTP surveyed (in 2015-16) might suggest that the NGER default factor is appropriate. However, using a weighted average of 56%TN removal (from Table 3 weighted on plant size i.e., EP, and hence mass of TN treated), by extrapolation from Figure 7, at national scale the NGER default factor is potentially under-estimating N2O emissions by a factor of more than four-fold. This could be corrected by adopting a variable emission factor for N2O reporting, based on TN removed for each plant, as suggested above.
Actual (measured) emissions data from the mainstream processes (typically activated sludge) of WWTPs in Europe and Australia suggest that N2O emissions (expressed relative to influent TN load), on average, increase as the degree of TN removal across the plant decreases. That is, less N2O is likely to be emitted as overall TN removal improves. The average N2O emission factor is likely to increase by at least 2 to 5-fold (and up to 10-fold or more) as the degree of TN removal decreases from >90% to <70%. As suggested recently by Valkova et al. (2021), linking the N2O emission factor to the degree of TN removal across a WWTP, is recommended as a better approach for GHG accounting than the use of fixed emission factors in current reporting protocols (e.g., IPCC and NGER). Additional full-scale measurement campaigns for N2O emissions from WWTPs, along with alignment of measurement and reporting methodologies, are needed to confirm the trends highlighted in this study. A review of the IPCC and NGER reporting methodologies for wastewater treatment N2O emissions is recommended in the light of these findings. In light of the identified trend toward N2O emissions with improved N removal, future work should include re-examination of the trade-offs for WWTPs between improved N removal (through more advanced treatment) and total GHG emissions. The total GHG footprint will take into account both direct emissions (including N2O and methane, potentially) and indirect emissions (i.e. grid electricity use and chemicals use, biosolids transport/ disposal etc), noting local or regional differences around indirect emission factors (e.g. the renewable energy component of grid electricity, and biosolids handling).
Figure 2: Comparison of average nitrous oxide emission factor for wastewater treatment (EFN2O-WWTP), defined as percent of influent TN load, versus percent of influent TN removal by the WWTP for European (EU) and Australian (AU) datasets. Note: One AU WWTP (Special case) excluded from regression analysis.
Figure 3: Comparison of average nitrous oxide emission factor for wastewater treatment (EFN2O-WWTP) from actual (measured) data with default values from IPCC or NGER protocols, related on an equivalent basis with respect to WWTP influent TN.
Hypothetical (Without advanced tertiary treatment, WWTP typically achieve up to approx. 97% TN removal)
Note 1: Based on the "best fit" linear regression of pooled actual datasets in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Comparison of average nitrous oxide emission factor for wastewater treatment (EFN2O-WWTP) from actual (measured) data
showing suggested corrected EF trendline from 'best fit' of pooled actual datasets, related on an equivalent basis of influent TN
load.
Figure 5: Comparison of average nitrous oxide emission factor for wastewater treatment (EFN2O-WWTP), defined as percent of TN
removed, versus percent of influent TN removal by the WWTP for European (EU) and Australian (AU) datasets. Note: One AU
WWTP (Special case) excluded from regression analysis.
with default values from IPCC or NGER protocols, related on an equivalent basis with respect to WWTP TN removed.
showing suggested corrected EF trendline for pooled actual datasets, related on an equivalent basis with respect to TN removed.
Excludes WWTPs for which non-valid (negative) TN removal data or <19% TN removal was reported
Note 1: Weighted average %TN removal contribution per Size Class (SC) to overall weighted average (ALL). Weighting from Adopted EP per WWTP relative to Total EP (for ALL plants).
EP: Equivalent population (persons) based on influent loading (COD or BOD and TKN)
Data sourced from de Haas et al. (2018)
Dr David de Haas | Dr David de Haas is a Senior Technical Director at GHD Pty Ltd with thirty-five years' experience in municipal water and wastewater treatment, covering research and development, planning, process design, operation, greenhouse gas emissions and energy assessments. He has worked in wastewater-related consultancy in Australia for more than twenty years.
Dr Liu Ye | Dr Liu Ye is an Associate Professor at the University of Queensland. She has more than twelve years' experience in the field of fugitive GHG emissions from urban water/ wastewater systems. Her research outputs are used by Australian water utilities in full-scale treatment plants to reduce the fugitive GHG emissions
Australian Govt. (2020) National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008 made under subsection 10(3) of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007- Compilation No. 12, 1 July 2020. Dept. of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources, Australian Government, Canberra.
de Haas, D.W., Appleby, G., Charakos, G. and Dinesh, N. (2018). Benchmarking energy use for wastewater treatment plants - A summary of the 2015-16 benchmarking study. Water e-Journal (Online journal of the Australian Water Association), vol. 3, no. 2, 2018. doi.org/10.21139/wej.2018.023.
Goreau, T., Kaplan, W., Wofsy, S., McElroy, M., Valois, F., Watson, S., 1980. Production of NO2- and N2O by nitrifying bacteria at reduced concentrations of oxygen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40, 526–532.
IPCC (2019). Wastewater treatment and discharge. Bartram, D., Short, M.D., Ebie, Y., Farkaˇs, J., Gueguen, C., Peters, G.M., Zanzottera, N.M., Karthik, M., Masuda, S. In: Demirok, F.B., Herold, A. (Eds.), 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 5 (Chapter 6).
Igarashi, N., Moriyama, H., Fujiwara, T., Fukumori, Y., Tanaka, N. (1997) The 2.8 A structure of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase from a nitrifying chemoautotrophic bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 4, 276–284.
Law, Y., Ye, L., Pan, Y., Yuan, Z. (2012). Nitrous oxide emissions from wastewater treatment processes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 367, 1265-1277.
Parravicini, V. (2020) Personal communication. TU Wien, Vienna, Austria. vparravi@iwag.tuwien.ac.at
Parravicini, V., Svardal, K., and Krampe, J. (2016) Greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants. Energy Procedia 97 (2016), 246 – 253.
Ribera-Guardia, A., Pijuan, M., 2017. Distinctive NO and N2O emission patterns in ammonia oxidizing bacteria: effect of ammonia oxidation rate, DO and pH. Chem. Eng. J. 321, 358–365.
Soler-Jofra, A., Stevens, B., Hoekstra, M., Picioreanu, C., Sorokin, D., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., P´erez, J., 2016. Importance of abiotic hydroxylamine conversion on nitrous oxide emissions during nitritation of reject water. Chem. Eng. J. 287, 720–726.
Stein, L.Y., 2011. Surveying N2O producing pathways in bacteria. Methods Enzymol. 486, 131–152.
Tallec, B., Billen, G., Garnier, G.A., Gousailles, M., 2006. Nitrous oxide emissions from secondary activated sludge in nitrifying conditions of urban wastewater treatment plants. Water Res. 40, 2972–2980.
Valkova, T., Parravicini, V., Saracevic, E., Tauber, J., Svardal, K., and Krampe, J. (2021) A method to estimate the direct nitrous oxide emissions of municipal wastewater treatment plants based on the degree of nitrogen removal. J. Environ. Manage. 279 (2021) 111563, 1-10.
von Schulthess, R., Kühni, M., Gujer, W., 1995. Release of nitric and nitrous oxides from denitrifying activated sludge. Water Res. 29, 215–226.
Wunderlin, P., Lehmann, M., Siegrist, H., Tuzson, B., Joss, A., Emmenegger, L., Mohn, J. (2013). Isotope signatures of N2O in a mixed microbial population system: constraints on N2O producing pathways in wastewater treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 1339–1348.
Wunderlin, P., Mohn, J., Joss, A., Emmenegger, L., Siegrist, H. (2012). Mechanisms of N2O production in biological wastewater treatment under nitrifying and denitrifying conditions. Water Res. 46, 1027–1037.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: "Wrong polarity" of SVM in Bottou & Lin (2006) I am reading the paper "Support Vector Machine Solvers" by Bottou and Lin (2006). On page 10, the authors engage in a discussion about the asymptotic number of support vectors as a function of the training sample size. Their argument goes as follows $-$ my emphasis:

Let $\mathcal{B}$ represent the best error achievable by a linear decision boundary in the chosen feature space for the problem at hand. When the training set size $n$ becomes large, one can expect about $\mathcal{B}n$ misclassified training examples [...]. All these misclassified examples$^3$ are bounded support vectors. Therefore the number of bounded support vectors scales at least linearly with the number of examples.

So far so good: the more data we have, the better our fitted model and thus the closer to the best possible error rate we can expect to be, hence we can expect to misclassify $\mathcal{B}n$ points asymptotically, and all those misclassified vectors will be support vectors (SVs).
However, it is their footnote #$3$ that I do not understand:

$3$ : A sharp eyed reader might notice that a discriminant function dominated by these $\mathcal{B}n$ misclassified examples would have the wrong polarity. About $\mathcal{B}n$ additional well classified support vectors are needed to correct the orientation of $w$.

I think I understand their notion of "wrong polarity": as SVs determine entirely the decision function of the SVM, if those misclassified SVs were the only SVs, then the SVM would be biased towards the class where these SVs were wrongly classified. Is my reasoning correct?
However, what I do not fully understand is their last sentence:

About $\mathcal{B}n$ additional well classified support vectors are needed to correct the orientation of $w$.

Is this something that is automatically achieved when solving for the SVM? Or just some property that might be desirable?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you're the kind of individual who finds themselves spending far too much time searching for new ways to manipulate your images, you may want to check out PhotoMagic for iPhone. The brainchild of Softease Tech, it delivers on all fronts, and considers the less experienced wannabe photographer with a very user-friendly interface.
When you load up the app for the first time, you've two options: select an image you've already taken from your camera roll (permission required, obviously), or take a new photo. Once you've done that, you have the opportunity to sift through a seemingly endless quantity of filters / tint effects. Some are most certainly better than others, but due to the sheer number, there's something in there for everybody.
Once you've found the effect(s) you like best, your next job is to apply a suitable frame. Again, it's a bit of a mixed bag here, with quality ranging from decent to downright awful, but in all honesty, there are enough to cover the various tastes of budding photographers.
As with any good photo app, you can readily rotate or flip an image, and cropping can be done according to a variety of aspect ratios, which is a very nice touch. When you're done making your alterations, you can save, e-mail, or export your image to a variety of other apps, including Bump. Also, if you want to save a little space on your device, you can downscale it, although this will, of course, affect the quality.
All in all, it's a nifty little app, and considering it only costs a mere dollar, it's a useful AiO tool to have in the inventory. The option to add text would have been the icing on the cake, but considering this app is only at version number 1.1.1, there's still plenty of time for further features in future updates.
If you've been on the hunt for a decent all-in-one app for your photo editing needs, PhotoMagic is one to check out. Grab it via the link below.


Professor at CWRU. My main research interests are in probability, geometry, and functional analysis.
347 How can I get bold math symbols?
273 Are \( and \) preferable to dollar signs for math mode?
106 What's the difference between probability and statistics?
94 Is there an introduction to probability theory from a structuralist/categorical perspective?


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Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases
Centre for Enteric Diseases
Centre for Healthcare-associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses
CENTRE FOR HIV AND STIs
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis
Centre for Tuberculosis
Centre for Vaccines and Immunology
Division of Public Health, Surveillance and Response
National Cancer Registry
TRANSVERSAL FUNCTIONS
Outbreak Response
Proficiency Testing Schemes
Notifiable Medical Conditions
NOTIFICATION PROCESS
Intern Scientist Training Programme
Field Epidemiology Training Programme (FETP)
FETP FRONTLINE COURSE
Three-week Communicable Diseases Rotation
Disease A-Z
World Malaria Day
26 April , 2019
World Malaria Day takes place on 25 April each year. It is an internationally recognised day, highlighting the global efforts to control malaria and celebrate the gains that have been made. Since 2000, the world has made historic progress against malaria, saving millions of lives. However, half of the world still lives at risk from this preventable and treatable disease, which accounts for a child's life every two minutes.
South Africa has made major progress in malaria control since 2000/2001 when 67 000 cases and >400 deaths were reported. The number of cases mentioned (>16 000 cases and >100 deaths by November 2018) refers to both malaria infections acquired locally within the traditional malaria transmission areas of South Africa, as well as other cases diagnosed in South Africa but who were infected on travels outside of the country. Around half of the patients acquired their infection outside South Africa, predominantly in Mozambique, which is a high-risk malaria-endemic country.
World Malaria Day presents an opportunity to raise awareness of the incredible opportunity we have to eliminate one of the oldest and deadliest diseases and save millions of lives and help communities thrive.
In keeping up with the current advances made towards malaria elimination, listen to these podcasts in English and in isiZulu.
To listen to the podcasts, click on the links below:
Diseases A-Z Index
Update on the Influenza season: June 2019
Confirmed case of Ebola Virus Disease in Uganda and implications for South Africa
No Influenza outbreak in South Africa


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Ole! Jose Reyes' return should have Mets fans chanting again at Citi Field
Joshua Casper
Photo by Eric Espada/Getty Images
The price was right for Sandy Alderson and the suits in the front office. Bringing Jose Reyes back was the right move for the New York Mets to make.
The New York Mets once let a franchise player walk. Different era, different player, different financial commitment. This time the price was right, and free agent Jose Reyes is once again a Met.
No, Jose Reyes is no longer the player he was in 2006 when he hit .300 and swiped 64 bags or in 2011 when he won the first batting title in Mets history and they let him walk. While Reyes hasn't been an All-Star since then, the Mets made a solid move and this time brought back a solid player when they re-signed Reyes for another season at the bargain basement price of $2 million.
RELATED: New York Mets: Offense, not pitching, will dictate success in 2018
While some have been critical and see this as this as just another lateral move in a quiet offseason, to add a player of his caliber for that price is a coup for the gritty offensive player. After arriving in controversial fashion upon his release from the Colorado Rockies in 2016, Reyes spurred the Mets offense at the top of the order with a .769 OPS while playing a new position. Despite his awful start, he again was solid in 2017 while providing speed, pop and playing three different infield positions for the floundering Mets. The bottom line is that Reyes has been a net positive for the Mets and has done everything asked of him during his second tenure with the team.
A batting title or 60-plus stolen bases may no longer be in the cards, but a 35-year-old Jose Reyes is a solid player with an above average offensive game who provides the Mets with athleticism, versatility and, above all, leadership.
While a lesser player, he is still a galvanizing force both on the field and in the clubhouse and fulfills multiple needs for the Mets: middle infield depth, top-of-the-order speed and fervor and enthusiasm for the game can be a catalytic element for any winning team.
CLICK HERE FOR ESNY's METS TEAM CENTER
Reyes becomes part of an infield that, while not spectacular, is versatile and interchangeable. Reyes, Asdrubal Cabrera and Wilmer Flores can all play multiple positions, with Cabrera likely penciled in at third and Reyes at second barring another significant move. Both Reyes' and Cabrera's days as an everyday shortstop are over. Both provide depth at the position, while Flores can play second, third, and first where he provides a right-handed complement to former star Adrian Gonzalez. Dare we even mention the name of David Wright?
While the infield has lots of moving parts, as he proved during the second half of 2017, Reyes is more than capable of playing every day at second base both offensively and defensively—and certainly would be an above-average utility player should the Mets add another infielder on through trade or on the open market. With Reyes on board, that now becomes a luxury purchase rather than a necessity.
Reyes' 2017 aggregate offensive numbers were deceivingly low. He finished the season with just a .246/.413/.728 slash line, but it was really the tale of two seasons: one an outlier, the other more typical of his career output.
Early in the year Reyes looked a shadow of his former self and ran into a lot of bad luck. Mired in a season-long slump, he was below the vaunted Mendoza line for much of the first half. That being said Reyes, while struggling, also ran into an analytical buzzsaw of sorts — namely bad luck, with just a .223 batting average on balls hit in play, which self-corrected during the second half. Balls began to drop, and the real Jose Reyes resurfaced.
Photo courtesy of Joshua Casper
Reyes was nothing short of excellent in his role during the second half of 2017 and more typical of the player that Reyes has been throughout his career. Reyes' second-half split line was .288 /.472/.828 while getting on base at a .356 clip. With a more typical .323 BABIP, he showed himself to be a similar offensive player that he has been since he left New York in 2012. He also has displayed more pop since joining the Mets, finishing the year with 15 HR after slugging .443 with a .769 OPS in 2016.
Reyes also still owns above-average, if not game-changing, speed. While the days of 50 steals are long over, Reyes has an 80 percent success rate over the last five seasons, swiping 24 of 30 bags in 2017. Reyes has learned to pick his spots while remaining a threat on the bases, still possessing vaunted baserunning ability that elicits the ever-omnipresent and much lauded Reyes run.
Aside from being a tale of two halves for Reyes in 2017 (his OPS+ was 127 during the second half, 50 points above his first-half output), Reyes was also hurt by defensive metrics. That said, the most damning numbers came as a shortstop, where he is not slated to play on a regular basis. While some analytics show defense as a concern, it was the innings he logged at shortstop that exposed his lack of range and hurt his dWAR. While he made all the plays, Reyes was a -15 DRS at SS, which helped bring his dWAR to -2.0.
Then Amed Rosario arrived. It was Rosario's arrival last year in similar fashion to his own in 2003 that seems to rouse Reyes from the doldrums on both sides of the diamond. While taking Rosario under his wing, Reyes also began to thrive at second base after Neil Walker went down, which allowed Reyes to shift to second and Cabrera to third. In fact, Reyes had a decent 0.4 UZR at second. As a second baseman, he made all the plays, not committing a single error in almost 100 chances.
The combination of Reyes and Rosario gives the Mets athleticism up the middle and an added element of team speed, something they have lacked for the most part in recent seasons. Consistency up the middle is paramount to team defense, and the two seemed to gel while turning the double play, which should help a pitching staff with the league's highest ERA in 2017.
No one is mistaking Reyes for Bill Mazeroski or Rey Ordonez, but fielding metrics can be deceiving. He made all the plays and combined with Rosario to provide the Mets with a solid double-play combination. While not ideal, in a pinch he can make all the plays hit toward him at short and third, and still possesses a big arm which partially compensates for his much-maligned range metrics.
Numbers only tell part of the story. The eye test and intangibles are still an inextricable part of the grand old game as is that immeasurable quality that makes certain talented teams lose and propels others into the postseason.
Team chemistry and clubhouse harmony matter to winning. Reyes provides leadership in the clubhouse, his hustle and infectious effervescence providing an example to budding stars like Rosario and older teammates alike as to how the game ought to be played. With a new manager at the helm and the Mets coming off a losing season, team chemistry and momentum are essential.
Jose Reyes can still do, albeit with a little less panache, what he always has: get on base, score runs and be a galvanizing force both in the clubhouse and when a line drive splits the outfielders. For $2 million, that's a steal. In fact, that equates to plenty of them.
NEXT: Mets' attempt to entertain fans is not going to appease anyone
Amed Rosario
Jose Reyes


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Seat Jim Brewster
Pennsylvania Senator Jim Brewster was duly re-elected by the people of the 45th Senatorial District in the 2020 General Election. On Tuesday, January 5, 2021, Pennsylvania Senate Republicans refused to seat Senator Brewster — ignoring the will of the voters, multiple court decisions, and election results certified by the Pennsylvania Department of State.
At the federal level, we have seen what happens when we embolden politicians to make baseless claims against our electoral process. We must not allow those sorts of attacks in our commonwealth. What Pennsylvania Senate Republicans are doing in an attempt to steal the election away from Senator Brewster is an absolute abuse of power that is dangerous for our democracy. Refusing to acknowledge the results of an election is nothing short of voter suppression.
Senator Brewster must be seated immediately! Add your name to the petition and pledge your support to call your legislators and demand Senate Republicans set aside partisanship:
Thank you for signing the petition to Seat Senator Jim Brewster!
On January 12th, U.S. District Judge J. Nicholas Ranjan issued a ruling in favor of seating the rightful winner of the 45th senatorial district – Senator Jim Brewster, and upholding the counting of ballots as certified by the Department of State.
Senator Jim Brewster will be sworn in on January 13th to the 45th Senatorial District.
Supporters & counting
Senator Lindsey M. Williams Responds to Federal Court Ruling in Favor of Senator Brewster
Pittsburgh, Pa. — January 12, 2021 — Senator Lindsey M. Williams released the following statement: "Seat Senator Brewster now."
Senate Democrats Respond to Federal Court Ruling in Senator Brewster's Race
Pittsburgh, Pa. — January 12, 2021 — Today, U.S. District Judge J. Nicholas Ranjan issued a ruling in favor of seating the rightful winner of the 45th senatorial district – Senator Jim Brewster, and upholding the counting of ballots as certified by the...
Senator Hughes calls on Pa. Senate GOP to seat Senator Brewster following federal court ruling
PHILADELPHIA — January 12, 2021 — State Senator Vincent Hughes (D-Philadelphia/Montgomery) issued the following statement after U.S. District Judge J. Nicholas Ranjan validated the 2020 Election win of state Senator Jim Brewster...
Sen. Brewster should have been seated
While the eyes of the nation narrowed on Georgia, Republican senators in Pennsylvania snatched the session from the state's lieutenant governor and blocked the swearing-in Tuesday of a duly-elected Democratic senator in what amounts to an insurrection that threatens...
Pennsylvania Republicans block seating of Democratic state senator, take control from lieutenant governor
The seating of new Pennsylvania legislators turned into a bitter partisan spectacle Tuesday, as Republicans in the state Senate blocked a Democratic lawmaker from taking his oath of office and removed the Democratic lieutenant governor from his role overseeing the...
Pennsylvania Republicans Spark Chaos By Refusing To Seat Democratic State Senator
Republicans who control the Pennsylvania Senate have refused to seat a Democrat elected in November because of a lawsuit brought by his rival, plunging the chamber into chaos Tuesday afternoon. The Democrat, Jim Brewster, had defeated his GOP opponent Nicole...


The Crows travelled to Harrow this weekend to face a team also adjusted to London 3NW after their relegation the previous season, but who would provide a stern test to yet another much changed Royston side. The Crows were keen to put their slow start against Tabard in the previous game behind them, and they did this with aplomb as youngster Euan Rees scored within the first ten minutes, suitably converted by Will Dacey for a 7-0 lead. However, Harrow hit back almost immediately to level the score, and that's how it stayed for almost the entire remainder of the half. A few handbags at dawn after 30 minutes resulted in Ollie London and Jason Turkington being given ten minutes to cool off, along with a Harrow player, with Royston now looking to close out the half with their inferior numbers. Unfortunately, Harrow managed to score before the break to lead 12-7 at half time.
This was quickly extended to 19-7 upon the resumption of festivities, before London and Turkington returned to the fold. Royston continued to battle hard but found themselves further adrift after 60 minutes, as Harrow extended their lead to 24-7. Royston gave their all in a final flourish that resulted in Dan Ritsema crossing the whitewash for an unconverted try, but as they pushed further for a losing bonus point, Harrow broke away and scored their fifth try of the afternoon, resulting in a final score of 29-12 in their favour.
Royston finish the calendar year with two home games in succession against formidable opposition in the form of 2nd placed Old Streetonians and currently 5th placed Stevenage, looking to pick up as many points as possible to set them up for the crucial run in in 2019. With the injury list mounting, good performances in these two fixtures, coupled with much needed rest over the Christmas period, will hopefully result in a refreshed squad to face this 2019 challenge head on.


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Opinion/
Home > Opinion > Culture and Education
Akira Nagae
Japanese Electronic Publishing Left Behind
-The Impact of the Kindle and the iPad-
Professor, Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University
The dawn of the electronic publishing age
The new iPad data terminal was announced on January 27 (local time) by Apple, Inc. With its large scale liquid crystal touch panel, you might think of it as a large version of the iPod touch. Indeed, the iPad can also be used as a mobile computer, but its electronic reader is the function that has captured the attention of the publishing world. It may be that the iPad will fundamentally change books and reading in the same way that the iPod and iTunes did with the global music industry and the way that we listen to music.
In the US, Amazon's Kindle electronic reader is already catching on. They say that electronic books took a bite out of traditional paper book sales during Amazon's Christmas selling season in the US. In addition to the Kindle, there are a number of electronic Readers on the market, including the Reader by Sony, and the nook by bookstore chain Barnes & Noble. The number of electronic readers being used today has spread to a total of about 5 million units, but within the next few years, more than 10 million Kindles and iPads will be sold, and the total number of readers will probably reach around 30 million.
Just 30 million readers—if we consider that the US population is 300 million that makes just one in ten people. This is a paltry number of electronic reader¥s compared to the spread of mobile telephones, and you might conclude that electronic readerrs will not have a major presence. But we need to consider what kind of people make up the one in ten people in this projection. Those who are already using Kindle can afford it financially, and they already read a lot of books. We might say that voracious readers of books have begun to use electronic Readers, and it is fair to say that they constitute a layer that significantly influences society.
Japan stumbling out of the blocks
When you shift your focus and have a look at the publishing world in Japan, on the other hand, the difference is astounding...no, make that appalling. In Japan, 21 major publishers have formed the Japan Electronic Publishing Association (JEPA) which has only just resolved to standardize regulations and negotiate with copyright groups—lagging one or two steps behind.
As a matter of fact, Japan was early in bringing electronic readers to market. In 2004, Sony released the Librié, and Matsushita (currently Panasonic) released the ΣBOOK. Both of these were major failures, however, and were pulled from the market. The original Librié was rebranded and sold in the US as the Reader, which is giving the Kindle a run for its money. In other words, electronic reader hardware is not the root of the failure.
So why is it that electronic books didn't take off in Japan but the Kindle is having success. The causes are not simple, but broadly we can consider two points—the number of titles (content) and pricing. Some 100 thousand titles were available with the release of the Kindle, nearly all priced at $9.95. As hardcover books go for 25 to 30 dollars in the US, these electronic titles are just half or a third of the price. And many of these readers are equipped with read aloud functions—in other words, when you buy an electronic book, an audio book comes with it. The Librié andΣBOOK, in contrast, could only read a few thousand titles and the price did not seem like a bargain compared to traditional paper books.
Protection of vested interests or the future of books and culture
But the main reason that electronic books have not taken off in Japan is most likely the attitude of the publishing industry toward continuing to protect their vested interests just as they are. It is clear that even JEPA, which I mentioned above, was conceived fundamentally to protect control of the publishing market in Japan from Amazon and Apple and secondarily with an eye toward the future of readers and the future of books. There is a saying in the Japanese publishing industry about the Industrial Trinity of Publisher—Agent (Distributor)—Bookstore, with shared interests in a collaborative relationship where they sink or swim together. But the message that a half year of iPod touch use and three months of Kindle use drives home is that this paradigm is being scrapped with priority placed instead on user friendliness.
This is not to say that electronic books are the be-all and end-all, of course—it is unlikely that all paper books will be converted into electronic books. But the fact is that electronic books bring functionality that is impossible with paper books, such as the adjustable font size and audio book reader functions. Those who were precluded from reading paper books will read electronic books, and it is possible that the very concepts of the book and of reading will be revamped. This possibility cannot be eliminated by clinging to vested interests.
Professor Nagae was born in Hokkaido in 1958 and graduated with an undergraduate degree in Philosophy from the Department of Letters at Hosei University. After working for an importer of western books, Professor Nagae worked as an editor and freelance writer before becoming a Professor in the Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences.
Professor Nagae's primary works include: Reading Techniques for Delinquent Students, Circumstances of Criticism, The Lives of Eccentric Media Figures, Notebook on Living, Listening Techniques, The Current Book Scene, and Techniques Handed Down in Writing.
From Molecules and Cells to Individual Organisms—Reconsidering the Life Phenomenon through a Multi-Layer Approach Research
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Samsung has garnered some great reviews for the Galaxy S8 and the S8+ that it launched a month ago. The preorders in other regions are apparently skyrocketing and Samsung has now announced that it will unveil the Samsung Galaxy S8 and Galaxy S8+ on 19th of April in India. Those of you interested can pre-register themselves on the Samsung India website.
It will be interesting to see how Samsung prices the Galaxy S8 and S8+ in India. Initial reports suggest that the pricing will be north of Rs 60k to start with. A quick recap, the Galaxy S8 comes with a 5.8-inch screen and the S8+ rocks a 6.2 one. Both Super AMOLED and with Quad HD resolutions, of course. In comparison, the iPhone 7 Plus, that sports a 5.5-inch display, measures 158.2mm in height and is 77.9mm wide. The Galaxy S8, on the other hand, comes with a 5.8-inch panel and measures 148.9mm in height and is 68.1mm wide.
Both the Samsung Galaxy S8 and the S8+ are powered by Qualcomm's latest Snapdragon 835 (most probably Exynos 8895 in India) Octa-core chipset, 4GB of RAM, 64GB internal storage which is expandable up to 256GB via a MicroSD card and underneath, there's 3000/3500mAh battery packs respectively. Along with the awkwardly placed fingerprint reader on the back, the S8 also features an iris scanner, a new face recognition technology, and is IP68 certified, hence waterproof. Additionally, there's a USB Type-C port on the bottom and the S8 comes with Bluetooth 5.0. Thankfully Samsung has not been courageous enough to ditch the 3.5mm jack and that according to me is one of the best things Samsung decided to do.
The Samsung Galaxy S8 will be available in five colours including black, orchid grey, blue and maple gold but again the availability of colors differs from one region to another. Needless to say, Samsung is expected to bundle the Galaxy S8 and the S8+ with a bunch of offers and financing options as well.


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Beta Accessibility
Site Record
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St Aidan's Church, Solva, Pembrokeshire
NPRN421039
Map ReferenceSM72SE
Grid ReferenceSM7992924357
Unitary (Local) AuthorityPembrokeshire
Old CountyPembrokeshire
CommunitySolva
Type Of SiteCHURCH
Period19th Century
St Aidan's church is situated towards the western end of High Street, on the south side of the A487 opposite its junction with the road to Whitchurch. It was designed, in plain lancet style, in 1875-6, and built in 1877-9, by J.L.Pearson, the only new work by him.
The church consists of nave and chancel in one, hipped roofed double bellcote, gabled north porch and south-east vestry. It was constructed in a colourful manner using green Middle Mill granite with yellow Doulting stone window heads and sills, and red brick for bellcote, eaves, window reveals and string course; the latter linking the sills, rising to mark the chancel, and carried around to the eaves of the porch. The slate roofs have terracotta ridges with an iron cross finial to the nave.
The undivided interior is plastered, with moulded brick sill course. The fine timber roof is open throughout, enhanced with wind-bracing in the chancel, which is otherwise marked only by a rood beam. Fittings include pitch pine pulpit and rails in vigorous Gothic forms (1889), twelfth-century scalloped font on a plain nineteenth-century cylindrical base (from the lost church of St Teilo at St Elvis), and a stone reredos since painted white.
Stained glass includes work by Clayton & Bell (1892). In the porch is a large, pre-Norman cross-inscribed stone from St Elvis Farm, found in 1925.
Extracts from Cadw Listing description.
T.Lloyd, J.Orbach & R.Scourfield, Buildings of Wales: Pembrokeshire (2004), p.455.
RCAHMW, 10 June 2015
Royal Commission website
© 2021 Non-commercial Government Licence


and I'm the owner of Family Fitness Karate and Kickboxing. I began my martial arts journey at a young age and the positive impact it had on my life was remarkable. It was always my dream to someday own my own school in Jersey City and create an enjoyable environment for students to improve their fitness while building confidence they can carry into their everyday lives. Take advantage of one of our amazing web specials today - join us as we empower ourselves and our community with martial arts!


Pens - Lamy - LX - Anderson Pens, Inc.
The Lamy LX ("Luxe") fountain pen, new for 2016, features a body made from colored anodized aluminum, a matching clip, a translucent grey triangular grip section, and a black steel nib. It comes packaged with a matching anodized aluminum pen case. This fountain pen comes with an ink cartridge to get you started writing right away, or a Lamy Z24 or Z28 converter can be purchased separately so that you can use bottled fountain pen ink.


This week is a very busy and short week.
On Tuesday we had Room 5 join us because Mrs Bodie-Rouse was sick.
We talked about Easter and made some special art work.
For maths we went outside to find treasures. We had to collect different numbers of different items. We talked about if we had 2 more items how many would we then have. We also put some treasures back and counted them again. We loved learning outside.
We had been working really hard this week, so we got a wee treat of going into the Staff Room and having Milo's. We also talked about healthy options and how we should drink water and not fizzy.


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The Genesis Project: Day Six – Like Parent, Like Child?
Home Events The Genesis…
120 Old Colony Rd,
Canada M2L 2N4
Day Six—One child is timid, another adventurous. One is boisterous, the other more placid. Why?
Explore the latest ideas in neurobiology and epigenetics that explain individual differences in children's development. Look at what Jewish sources tell us about the role of parents in shaping a child's personality. Do traditional texts complement, or contradict, behavioral genetics?
Professor Marla Sokolowski is University Professor in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto, and Co-Director of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research – Child & Brain Development Program.
Rabbi Noam Katz is the Dean of Jewish Living at The Leo Baeck Day School and an internationally-known Jewish educator and musician. He was ordained from Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, focusing his Rabbinic thesis work on parent-child relationships and the modern-day implications of the fifth commandment.
This series is a joint project of Beth Tzedec Congregation and Temple Emanu-El. It is sponsored by the Scientists in Synagogues project, which is organized by Sinai and Synapses in New York and the American Association for the Advancement of Science program of Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion in Washington, DC. Support for the program comes from Clal—The National Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership in new York through the John Templeton Foundation, along with other donors.
Can We Resist Everything But Temptation? A…
Jewish Perspectives of the NASA Space Program


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India vs Australia: India's probable playing XI for 1st ODI against Australia
By GQ Staff 11 January 2019
With some star players rested and some doubtful, India looks to crack the winning combination
After Indian scripted history when they won the Test series in Australia for the first time ever, the two teams are all set to lock horns in a three-match ODI series starting on Saturday, January 12. With one eye on the World Cup in England, both teams could change the squad significantly until they find the winning combination. While Australia have a lot to improve on, considering the dismal 2018 they had, India too will look to work on certain areas before the intercontinental tournament. India are currently on a roll, ever since the closely-fought tour of England, India have defeated every team that has come in the way as Virat Kohli and Co. make big strides at the right moment. Heading into the first ODI in Sydney, the team will be hoping to start things off on a positive note and take that early advantage in the series. With some changes to the playing XI imminent, let's take a look at the probable starting lineup for the visitors in India vs Australia 1st ODI:
Probable playing XI for India vs Australia 1st ODI match
Even though vice-captain Rohit Sharma said on Thursday, that nobody's spot is guaranteed for the World Cup, India are highly unlikely to disturb the opening pair of him and Shikhar Dhawan. The two are one of the most successful opening pairs in the world right now and will be looking to get as much game time as possible. While Shikhar Dhawan flew back to India after the T20 series, Rohit Sharma had taken compassionate leave during the fourth Test match. Both have returned and will be raring to have a go at the vulnerable Aussie bowling lineup.
Following them will be captain Virat Kohli. The skipper who has gone from strength to strength in the last few years will be hoping to make 2019 a memorable one and what better way to start than win the ODI series Down Under. We expect Ambati Rayudu to get the nod for the first ODI thanks to some solid performances for the national team towards the end of last year.
MS Dhoni, who returned to the side after being rested for the T20 series, will be hoping to find some form before the World Cup. With young Rishabh Pant creating waves in the Test series, Dhoni will feel the pressure to maintain his position in the starting lineup. With the Committee of Administrators (CoA) proposing a two-match ban for Hardik Pandya and KL Rahul, it is almost certain that all-rounder Kedar Jadhav will play on Saturday as the natural all-rounder. Even Jadhav has had a good campaign in the Asia Cup and will be looking to prove his worth overseas.
ALSO READ: Top picks for your Ind vs Aus 1st ODI Dream11 team
India's bowling department has seen a phenomenal rise in the last few years. With some world-class seamers in their disposal, it is key that the team management uses these bowlers smartly and not burn them out. Naturally, Jasprit Bumrah, who was the star turner in the Test series, has been rested and will now head back home. In his place, Mohammed Siraj returns to the squad. India will not experiment too much with the bowling department and might go with three seamers -- Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Mohammed Shami, Khaleel Ahmed -- and a spinner in Kuldeep Yadav.
India's probable playing XI for 1st ODI: Rohit Sharma (vc), Shikhar Dhawan, Virat Kohli (capt), Ambati Rayudu, Dinesh Karthik, Kedar Jadhav, MS Dhoni (wk), Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Mohammed Shami, Kuldeep Yadav, Khaleel Ahmed
Head over to our India vs Australia 1st ODI match predictions
Indian team for India vs Australia ODI series 2019: Full list of players in the Team India squad for the ODIs against Australia
India vs Australia 2018-19 Schedule, complete fixtures & full list of matches in the India tour of Australia 2018-19
Australian team for India vs Australia ODI series 2019: Here's the full list of players in Australia squad for ODIs against India
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World's most expensive Rolls Royce to a fleet of Ferraris, inside this Hyderabad man's insane car collection
Rashmika Mandanna to Katrina Kaif's sister, 10 actors who are making their big Bollywood debut in 2021
By Priyadarshini Patwa 13 January 2021


This patient support community is for discussions relating to acne. Discussions include symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and support.
Is it safe to take vitamin B-complex supplements with isotretinoin?
Im experiences many side effects on accutane, Only on day 8. Is this normal?
I'm currently on day 8 of using Accutane. I'm already experiencing back pain and very dry and cracking lips. Should I be worried?
How can I cure my acne, acne scars and hyperpigmentation around my nose and mouth?
Blackheads ALL OVER my shoulders and back. WORST CASE EVER!
Why am I covered in whiteheads after finishing my Isotretinoin (Accutane) course?
Can Accutane effect menstrual cycle?
I cured my ACNE!!! Just wanted to share with everyone!
Ouch! What Bug Just Bit You?
Learn to identify and prevent bites from summer's most common pests.
Doctors argue for legislation to curb this dangerous teen trend in the latest Missouri Medicine report.
Can You Win the Battle Against Cellulite?
Diet "do's" and "don'ts" for healthy, radiant skin.


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text:
Vol 9: Long-Term Sorption of Metals Is Similar among Plastic Types: Implications for Plastic Debris in Aquatic Environments.
Vol 9: Long-Term Sorption of Metals Is Similar among Plastic Types: Implications for Plastic Debris in Aquatic Environments. - Download this document for free, or read online. Document in PDF available to download.
Download or read this book online for free in PDF: Vol 9: Long-Term Sorption of Metals Is Similar among Plastic Types: Implications for Plastic Debris in Aquatic Environments.
This article is from PLoS ONE, volume 9.AbstractConcerns regarding plastic debris and its ability to accumulate large concentrations of priority pollutants in the aquatic environment led us to quantify relationships between different types of mass-produced plastic and metals in seawater. At three locations in San Diego Bay, we measured the accumulation of nine targeted metals aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cadmium and lead sampling at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, to five plastic types: polyethylene terephthalate PET, high-density polyethylene HDPE, polyvinyl chloride PVC, low-density polyethylene LDPE, and polypropylene PP. Accumulation patterns were not consistent over space and time, and in general all types of plastic tended to accumulate similar concentrations of metals. When we did observe significant differences among concentrations of metals at a single sampling period or location in San Diego Bay, we found that HDPE typically accumulated lesser concentrations of metals than the other four polymers. Furthermore, over the 12-month study period, concentrations of all metals increased over time, and chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc and lead did not reach saturation on at least one plastic type during the entire 12-month exposure. This suggests that plastic debris may accumulate greater concentrations of metals the longer it remains at sea. Overall, our work shows that a complex mixture of metals, including those listed as priority pollutants by the US EPA Cd, Ni, Zn and Pb, can be found on plastic debris composed of various plastic types.
Author: Rochman, Chelsea M.; Hentschel, Brian T.; Teh, Swee J.
Source: https://archive.org/
Vol 4: Lean thinking in hospitals: is there a cure for the absence of evidence A systematic review of reviews. - Andersen, Hege; R?vik, Kjell Arne; Ingebrigtsen, Tor
Vol 15: Large-scale combining signals from both biomedical literature and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System FAERS to improve post-marketing drug safety signal detection. - Xu, Rong; Wang, QuanQiu
Memoria de Hacienda 1981. Tomo II
Vol 14: Lack of association between cathepsin D C224T polymorphism and Alzheimers disease risk: an update meta-analysis. - Mo, Cuiju; Peng, Qiliu; Sui, Jingzhe; Wang, Jian; Deng, Yan; Xie, Li; Li, Taijie; He, Yu; Qin, Xue; Li, Shan
Vol 13: LDL-cholesterol signaling induces breast cancer proliferation and invasion. - Rodrigues dos Santos, Catarina; Domingues, Germana; Matias, Ines; Matos, Joao; Fonseca, Isabel; de Almeida, Jose Mendes; Dias, Sergio
Vol 9: Low LDL-C and High HDL-C Levels Are Associated with Elevated Serum Transaminases amongst Adults in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study. - Jiang, Zhenghui Gordon; Mukamal, Kenneth; Tapper, Elliot; Robson, Simon C.; Tsugawa, Yusuke


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'Summer' Comes 'Home' to Austin
News|Screenings
'HOMECOMING' — Something Like Summer is largely set in Texas, particularly where the characters attend college in Austin, so it's fitting that the film's Texas and Southwest premiere will be at the Austin Gay + Lesbian International Film Festival on September 10.
Something Like Summer is one of 39 narrative and documentary feature-length films in the lineup for the festival's 30th year.
Austin's Alamo Drafthouse Cinema on South Lamar is aGLIFF's home.
Slated to be on hand for the screening are:
Director David Berry, himself an Austin native
Actor Ben Baur (Jace)
Writer and producer Carlos Pedraza
The book's author, Jay Bell
"It's wonderful that a film in which Austin plays such a big part gets to screen at the city's film festival," Berry said.
This year marks the Austin festival's 30th anniversary, which is also offering 54 short films depicting "a myriad of issues across cultures, race, immigration status, class, gender identity and expression, age, and religion," according to organizers.
Much of 'Something Like Summer' is set in Austin because I wanted a safe haven for my characters in an otherwise conservative state.
Jay Bell, Author
Screening Details
Date: September 10 (Sunday)
Venue: Alamo Drafthouse South Lamar, 1120 S Lamar Blvd, Austin, TX 78704
Tickets: Available here
The trip to the Austin festival will actually be author Jay Bell's first time in the city where so much of his books are set.
"Much of Something Like Summer's plot is set in Austin because I wanted a safe haven for my characters in an otherwise conservative state," Bell said. "It feels right then that Ben and Tim are returning home to such a fantastic city to be part of aGLIFF. I look forward to joining them there."
Bell's attendance at aGLIFF will be his first actual visit to Austin.
Park vs. Park Pease District Park in Austin, Texas (left), inspired the producers' choice of Westmoreland Park in Portland, Ore., where Tim Wyman (Davi Santos) takes a tumble.
SHOT IN TEXAS? Something Like Summer was not shot in Texas, according to producer Pedraza, because the state of Oregon offered substantial financial incentives to make the film there. However, he worked to find Portland-area locations that resembled their Texas counterparts.
"I spent a week in Texas scouting locations before we decided to shoot in Portland," Pedraza said, "so I knew what I had to look for in Oregon. [Director] Dave Berry is from Austin, so I wanted him to be satisfied with the 'look and feel' of our locations. That took many weeks of location scouting."
Austin Gay + Lesbian International Film Festival (aGLIFF) website
aGLIFF Facebook page
aGLIFF Twitter
Screening schedule for Something Like Summer
screenings/premiere/film festivals/Texas/Austin/aGLIFF
Mark Pemberton August 3, 2017 at 5:06 am /Reply
Would like it to come to Dallas, Texas
Would love to add this movie to my collection.
Carlos Pedraza Post author August 6, 2017 at 10:37 pm /Reply
We plan to give you that opportunity, Mark! 🙂
Sam August 10, 2017 at 2:59 am /Reply
Yeeeees!!! Please come to Dallas, TX!
And when is this film going to available to people who can't make the screenings/festivals?
Carlos Pedraza Post author August 10, 2017 at 3:12 pm /Reply
Closest we can get so far is Austin on September 10. We're still working on a distribution deal for wide release. Sign up for our newsletter (check the box below this message) to hear first!
Johnny Tijerina April 16, 2018 at 11:21 pm /Reply
I just saw that Jay Bell's books ard a movie! I am so sad I missed it when it was here in Austin. When will the movie be available to buy? Or better yet come out as a National release to watch?
Carlos Pedraza Post author May 21, 2018 at 1:20 pm /Reply
Hi, Johnny, thanks for writing.
We're still working on finalizing a distribution deal. The distributor is the one that sets release dates. We'll be sure to let you know on Facebook or through our newsletter, if you'd like to subscribe. http://somethinglikesummer.com/newsletter
/carlos


text:
Колдофски — фамилия.

Известные носители:
 Колдофски, Адольф (1905—1951) — канадский скрипач русско-еврейского происхождения.
 Колдофски, Гвендолин (1906—1998) — американская пианистка и педагог канадского происхождения;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We played two performances of The Irish & The Erie, one in New York Mills and one in Oneida. Both were well-attended and well-received.
The UNYAIC group had a booth at the first ever "I Love Utica International Day" at Hanna Park on Sept 16th. Attendance was sparse but our booth was great as was Craobh Dugan's performance.
UNYAIC (mainly Craobh Dugan) also hosted a sean-nós dance workshop on September 24th. There were 9 attending and it was taught by Rebecca McGowan of Boston. We hope to have her back again to build on the momentum from this class.
Many thanks to all who came out, participated and helped with our September activities!
The group will be presenting The Irish and the Erie program on Saturday, October 21st at the Oneida County History Center at 1:00pm. The center is located at 1608 Genesee Street in Utica. This program is educational, musical, and entertaining. If you have not seen it, you should come to the History Center on the 21st. The program has received GREAT 'reviews'!!
The Craobh Dugan Annual General Meeting (AGM) will be held on Friday October 13th. Note the change of date from last month's update. It will be held at 6.00pm at the Seton Center at Our Lady of Lourdes Church in Utica. We will have a pot luck supper, our annual meeting, and then a session and dance.
Here are the particulars: The branch will supply the meat, soft drinks and paper products. Each person/couple/family is asked to bring a dish to share. We NEVER lack for a great variety of delicious foods!! Bring a family member or friend and come hungry!! Don't forget your adult beverages (if you wish), your instruments and dance shoes. Please RSVP to Chris by the end of the day, Tuesday October 10th.
Election of Officers: At our meeting, we need to elect our 2017-2018 officers. All offices are up for election. The offices and people who are interested in running (in parentheses): Chair (Chris Hoke); Vice Chair (no one running yet); Treasurer (Mike Hoke); Secretary (Colleen Martin); Public Relations Officer (Sue Romero); Language Officer (Tom Malley); Auditor (Mike Carroll); and Youth Officer (need to check with one of our under age-25 members!). Just because these people are running does not mean no one else can be nominated for an office. We also will elect 2 Convention Delegates. Gracie Schell and Tom Malley have indicated a willingness to run for branch delegates. Please consider running for an office, and let me know before October 13th. Nominations will also be open at the meeting.
And....Dues are Due: The Comhaltas branch operating year goes from November 1--October 31. Dues should be paid by the date of our AGM, which makes it much easier for Mike to do the books and paperwork. Thanks you in advance for paying your dues on time. It really helps!!
Samhain (say 'SOW in') is a Gaelic festival marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter or the "darker half" of the year. Ryan Troy shared information on a Samhain event to be held in Syracuse on Saturday Oct 14. Check it out the Facebook event here. It looks like a great time!!
Caitlin & Ciaran in Concert!
Craobh Dugan is hosting another small-venue concert. This husband/wife duo from Ireland is on a tour of NY, VT, MA and on Sunday, October 15th, Caitlin & Ciaran will perform for us at the Turning Point Church (Skip's Church) on Columbia Street in Utica. The concert will begin at 2:30 and you will not want to miss it!!!!! Ciaran plays fiddle and Caitlin plays concertina and step dances. From what I have seen and heard they are AWESOME!! You can check out clips of them on You Tube or on Google and read more about them on our blog post here. Tickets cost only $10 each and can be purchased on Eventbrite.com. If you are a person who does not want to order on-line, you can contact Chris Hoke for tickets (hoke84@gmail.com). Seating is limited to 40 so get yours early - maybe even today.
We continue to host our monthly sessions on the first and third Tuesdays each month. Join us at the Nail Creek Pub on Varick Street in Utica on first Tuesdays and at Stockdale's in Oriskany on third Tuesdays. Both sessions begin at 7:30pm. Come for a beverage and a listen. You will be glad you did!!
Also our Ceili dance classes continue most Friday evenings at Seton Center behind Our Lady of Lourdes Church in Utica. Dancing begins at 7:00pm. There is no charge for the classes, and you do not need a partner or special shoes. It is great exercise. And you will have FUN!! Come on and give this a try.
Last, but not least, we have Raffle Tickets!!!! The Comhaltas Big Draw Raffle is in progress now and we have tickets to sell. The cost is $5 each and the prizes are 5000 euros; 500 euros; 250 euros; a luxury weekend at the Fleadh Cheoil na hEireann; 4 Dinner and Show tickets to Bru Boru; 150 euro gift card; a collection of 10 Irish music CDs and DVDs. These are great prizes, especially the cash prizes!! And, our branch keeps 80% of what we sell. That is $4 out of every ticket that we sell. So, PLEASE help us out with this. Buy some tickets or better yet, take a book of 10 to sell to you family, friends and co-workers. (You know you always buy their tickets, right???). This is a great opportunity for Craobh Dugan to raise some money for our next project (recording a CD) or to help us send members to workshops and the annual Convention. THANK YOU for buying and selling these tickets!! The drawing is December 9th. We will need to send the returns to Ireland November 1st. That gives us a month to sell these tickets. Let's get busy!!
13--ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, 6.00PM, Pot Luck Supper, Meeting, Session/Ceili ***RSVP by end of day Tues. Oct 10th.
14--Dancers at JusticeArtMusic (JAM) at DeSales Center in Utica. Starts at 11.00am. Contact Gracie for more info.
15--CAITLIN & CIARAN CONCERT, 2:30pm, Turning Point Church, Columbia Street, Utica. Tickets on Eventbrite.com.
I believe that is all for now. When I started writing this update, it was 90 degrees and humid. Right now it is 57 degrees and oh-so comfortable!! I do hope to see you at The Irish and the Erie program, the Caitlin and Ciaran concert or one of our sessions. Until then, take good care!


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Sometimes your tokenization process is so complex that cannot be captured by a simple regular expression that you can pass to the scikit-learn TfidfVectorizer. Instead you just want to pass a list of tokens, resulting of a tokenization process, to initialize a TfidfVectorizer object.
There are manly two things that need to be done. First, in the initialization of the TfidfVectorizer object you need to pass a dummy tokenizer and preprocessor that simply return what they receive. Note, you can instead of a dummy_fun also pass a lambda function, e.g.: lambda x: x, but be aware that if you then want to use the cool n_jobs=10 for training classifiers or doing parameter grid search pickle cannot handle lambda functions.
The next thing to keep in mind is that whenever you want to compute the tf-idf score for a document that is already tokenized you should wrap it in a list when you call the transform() method from TfidfVectorizer, so that it is handled as a single document instead of interpreting each token as a document.


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The Wright Experience
Audrey Reinhardt
Take a step back in time and spend an evening on the wings of Orville and Wilbur Wright tomorrow night at the National Air and Space Museum. October 8, 1909 marked the moment when the Wright brothers began the first training of American military pilots in College Park, Maryland. In honor of this centennial, a panel of experts will discuss the history of the 1909 Wright Military Flyer and the beginnings of U.S. combat and reconnaissance aircraft operations.
Ken Hyde, president of the Wright Experience, a College Park-based historical organization, and a 2000 inductee into the Virginia Aviation Hall of Fame, has been involved in aviation all his life. But tomorrow night you can witness another of his greatest passions: education. "Our goal at the Wright Experience is to inform kids that math and science is interesting. And we do that through flight," declares Hyde, who takes his message to children at nearby schools. "It's exciting to follow the Wright's thinking process, how they discovered how to make their product."
The discussion opens at 7.30 tomorrow night with Hyde and his business partner, Paul Glenshaw, as well as other expert panelists, including National Air and Space Museum curators Peter Jakab and Tom Crouch; College Park Aviation Museum Director, Cathy Allen. The presentation also includes rarely seen early photographs and film footage of the flyer. "There's never a dull moment in this job… when we find a missing letter or a missing piece of the puzzle, it's amazing. You never know what's going to happen next," says Hyde.