text:
The Pass Of Thermopylae
by Charlotte M. Yonge
B.C. 430
There was trembling in Greece. 'The Great King', as the Greeks called the chief potentate of the East, whose domains stretched from the Indian Caucasus to the Aegaeus, from the Caspian to the Red Sea, was marshalling his forces against the little free states that nestled amid the rocks and gulfs of the Eastern Mediterranean. Already had his might devoured the cherished colonies of the Greeks on the eastern shore of the Archipelago, and every traitor to home institutions found a ready asylum at that despotic court, and tried to revenge his own wrongs by whispering incitements to invasion. 'All people, nations, and languages,' was the commencement of the decrees of that monarch's court; and it was scarcely a vain boast, for his satraps ruled over subject kingdoms, and among his tributary nations he counted the Chaldean, with his learning and old civilization, the wise and steadfast Jew, the skilful Phoenician, the learned Egyptian, the wild, free-booting Arab of the desert, the dark-skinned Ethiopian, and over all these ruled the keen-witted, active native Persian race, the conquerors of all the rest, and led by a chosen band proudly called the Immortal. His many capitals-- Babylon the great, Susa, Persepolis, and the like--were names of dreamy splendor to the Greeks, described now and then by Ionians from Asia Minor who had carried their tribute to the king's own feet, or by courtier slaves who had escaped with difficulty from being all too serviceable at the tyrannic court. And the lord of this enormous empire was about to launch his countless host against the little cluster of states, the whole of which together would hardly equal one province of the huge Asiatic realm! Moreover, it was a war not only on the men but on their gods. The Persians were zealous adorers of the sun and of fire, they abhorred the idol worship of the Greeks, and defiled and plundered every temple that fell in their way. Death and desolation were almost the best that could be looked for at such hands--slavery and torture from cruelly barbarous masters would only too surely be the lot of numbers, should their land fall a prey to the conquerors.
True it was that ten years back the former Great King had sent his best troops to be signally defeated upon the coast of Attica; but the losses at Marathon had but stimulated the Persian lust of conquest, and the new King Xerxes was gathering together such myriads of men as should crush down the Greeks and overrun their country by mere force of numbers.
The muster place was at Sardis, and there Greek spies had seen the multitudes assembling and the state and magnificence of the king's attendants. Envoys had come from him to demand earth and water from each state in Greece, as emblems that land and sea were his, but each state was resolved to be free, and only Thessaly, that which lay first in his path, consented to yield the token of subjugation. A council was held at the Isthmus of Corinth, and attended by deputies from all the states of Greece to consider of the best means of defense. The ships of the enemy would coast round the shores of the Aegean sea, the land army would cross the Hellespont on a bridge of boats lashed together, and march southwards into Greece. The only hope of averting the danger lay in defending such passages as, from the nature of the ground, were so narrow that only a few persons could fight hand to hand at once, so that courage would be of more avail than numbers.
The first of all these passes was called Tempe, and a body of troops was sent to guard it; but they found that this was useless and impossible, and came back again. The next was at Thermopylae. Look in your map of the Archipelago, or Aegean Sea, as it was then called, for the great island of Negropont, or by its old name, Euboea. It looks like a piece broken off from the coast, and to the north is shaped like the head of a bird, with the beak running into a gulf, that would fit over it, upon the main land, and between the island and the coast is an exceedingly narrow strait. The Persian army would have to march round the edge of the gulf. They could not cut straight across the country, because the ridge of mountains called Ceta rose up and barred their way. Indeed, the woods, rocks, and precipices came down so near the seashore, that in two places there was only room for one single wheel track between the steeps and the impassable morass that formed the border of the gulf on its south side. These two very narrow places were called the gates of the pass, and were about a mile apart. There was a little more width left in the intervening space; but in this there were a number of springs of warm mineral water, salt and sulphurous, which were used for the sick to bathe in, and thus the place was called Thermopylae, or the Hot Gates. A wall had once been built across the western-most of these narrow places, when the Thessalians and Phocians, who lived on either side of it, had been at war with one another; but it had been allowed to go to decay, since the Phocians had found out that there was a very steep narrow mountain path along the bed of a torrent, by which it was possible to cross from one territory to the other without going round this marshy coast road.
This was, therefore, an excellent place to defend. The Greek ships were all drawn up on the farther side of Euboea to prevent the Persian vessels from getting into the strait and landing men beyond the pass, and a division of the army was sent off to guard the Hot Gates. The council at the Isthmus did not know of the mountain pathway, and thought that all would be safe as long as the Persians were kept out of the coast path.
The troops sent for this purpose were from different cities, and amounted to about 4,000, who were to keep the pass against two millions. The leader of them was Leonidas, who had newly become one of the two kings of Sparta, the city that above all in Greece trained its sons to be hardy soldiers, dreading death infinitely less than shame. Leonidas had already made up his mind that the expedition would probably be his death, perhaps because a prophecy had been given at the Temple of Delphi that Sparta should be saved by the death of one of her kings of the race of Hercules. He was allowed by law to take with him 300 men, and these he chose most carefully, not merely for their strength and courage, but selecting those who had sons, so that no family might be altogether destroyed. These Spartans, with their helots or slaves, made up his own share of the numbers, but all the army was under his generalship. It is even said that the 300 celebrated their own funeral rites before they set out, lest they should be deprived of them by the enemy, since, as we have already seen, it was the Greek belief that the spirits of the dead found no rest till their obsequies had been performed. Such preparations did not daunt the spirits of Leonidas and his men, and his wife, Gorgo, who was not a woman to be faint-hearted or hold him back. Long before, when she was a very little girl, a word of hers had saved her father from listening to a traitorous message from the King of Persia; and every Spartan lady was bred up to be able to say to those she best loved that they must come home from battle 'with the shield or on it'--either carrying it victoriously or borne upon it as a corpse.
When Leonidas came to Thermopylae, the Phocians told him of the mountain path through the chestnut woods of Mount Ceta, and begged to have the privilege of guarding it on a spot high up on the mountain side, assuring him that it was very hard to find at the other end, and that there was every probability that the enemy would never discover it. He consented, and encamping around the warm springs, caused the broken wall to be repaired, and made ready to meet the foe.
The Persian army were seen covering the whole country like locusts, and the hearts of some of the southern Greeks in the pass began to sink. Their homes in the Peloponnesus were comparatively secure--had they not better fall back and reserve themselves to defend the Isthmus of Corinth? But Leonidas, though Sparta was safe below the Isthmus, had no intention of abandoning his northern allies, and kept the other Peloponnesians to their posts, only sending messengers for further help.
Presently a Persian on horseback rode up to reconnoitre the pass. He could not see over the wall, but in front of it, and on the ramparts, he saw the Spartans, some of them engaged in active sports, and others in combing their long hair. He rode back to the king, and told him what he had seen. Now, Xerxes had in his camp an exiled Spartan Prince, named Demaratus, who had become a traitor to his country, and was serving as counsellor to the enemy. Xerxes sent for him, and asked whether his countrymen were mad to be thus employed instead of fleeing away; but Demaratus made answer that a hard fight was no doubt in preparation, and that it was the custom of the Spartans to array their hair with special care when they were about to enter upon any great peril. Xerxes would, however, not believe that so petty a force could intend to resist him, and waited four days, probably expecting his fleet to assist him, but as it did not appear, the attack was made.
The Greeks, stronger men and more heavily armed, were far better able to fight to advantage than the Persians, with their short spears and wicker shields, and beat them off with great ease. It is said that Xerxes three times leapt off his throne in despair at the sight of his troops being driven backwards; and thus for two days it seemed as easy to force a way through the Spartans as through the rocks themselves. Nay, how could slavish troops, dragged from home to spread the victories of an ambitious king, fight like freemen who felt that their strokes were to defend their homes and children!
But on that evening a wretched man, named Ephialtes, crept into the Persian camp, and offered, for a great sum of money, to show the mountain path that would enable the enemy to take the brave defenders in the rear! A Persian general, named Hydarnes, was sent off at nightfall with a detachment to secure this passage, and was guided through the thick forests that clothed the hillside. In the stillness of the air, at daybreak, the Phocian guards of the path were startled by the crackling of the chestnut leaves under the tread of many feet. They started up, but a shower of arrows was discharged on them, and forgetting all save the present alarm, they fled to a higher part of the mountain, and the enemy, without waiting to pursue them, began to descend.
As day dawned, morning light showed the watchers of the Grecian camp below a glittering and shimmering in the torrent bed where the shaggy forests opened; but it was not the sparkle of water, but the shine of gilded helmets and the gleaming of silvered spears! Moreover, a Cimmerian crept over to the wall from the Persian camp with tidings that the path had been betrayed, that the enemy were climbing it, and would come down beyond the Eastern Gate. Still, the way was rugged and circuitous, the Persians would hardly descend before midday, and there was ample time for the Greeks to escape before they could be shut in by the enemy.
There was a short council held over the morning sacrifice. Megistias, the seer, on inspecting the entrails of the slain victim, declared, as well he might, that their appearance boded disaster. Him Leonidas ordered to retire, but he refused, though he sent home his only son. There was no disgrace to an ordinary tone of mind in leaving a post that could not be held, and Leonidas recommended all the allied troops under his command to march away while yet the way was open. As to himself and his Spartans, they had made up their minds to die at their post, and there could be no doubt that the example of such a resolution would do more to save Greece than their best efforts could ever do if they were careful to reserve themselves for another occasion.
All the allies consented to retreat, except the eighty men who came from Mycenae and the 700 Thespians, who declared that they would not desert Leonidas. There were also 400 Thebans who remained; and thus the whole number that stayed with Leonidas to confront two million of enemies were fourteen hundred warriors, besides the helots or attendants on the 300 Spartans, whose number is not known, but there was probably at least one to each. Leonidas had two kinsmen in the camp, like himself, claiming the blood of Hercules, and he tried to save them by giving them letters and messages to Sparta; but one answered that 'he had come to fight, not to carry letters'; and the other, that 'his deeds would tell all that Sparta wished to know'. Another Spartan, named Dienices, when told that the enemy's archers were so numerous that their arrows darkened the sun, replied, 'So much the better, we shall fight in the shade.' Two of the 300 had been sent to a neighboring village, suffering severely from a complaint in the eyes. One of them, called Eurytus, put on his armor, and commanded his helot to lead him to his place in the ranks; the other, called Aristodemus, was so overpowered with illness that he allowed himself to be carried away with the retreating allies. It was still early in the day when all were gone, and Leonidas gave the word to his men to take their last meal. 'To-night,' he said, 'we shall sup with Pluto.'
Hitherto, he had stood on the defensive, and had husbanded the lives of his men; but he now desired to make as great a slaughter as possible, so as to inspire the enemy with dread of the Grecian name. He therefore marched out beyond the wall, without waiting to be attacked, and the battle began. The Persian captains went behind their wretched troops and scourged them on to the fight with whips! Poor wretches, they were driven on to be slaughtered, pierced with the Greek spears, hurled into the sea, or trampled into the mud of the morass; but their inexhaustible numbers told at length. The spears of the Greeks broke under hard service, and their swords alone remained; they began to fall, and Leonidas himself was among the first of the slain. Hotter than ever was the fight over his corpse, and two Persian princes, brothers of Xerxes, were there killed; but at length word was brought that Hydarnes was over the pass, and that the few remaining men were thus enclosed on all sides. The Spartans and Thespians made their way to a little hillock within the wall, resolved to let this be the place of their last stand; but the hearts of the Thebans failed them, and they came towards the Persians holding out their hands in entreaty for mercy. Quarter was given to them, but they were all branded with the king's mark as untrustworthy deserters. The helots probably at this time escaped into the mountains; while the small desperate band stood side by side on the hill still fighting to the last, some with swords, others with daggers, others even with their hands and teeth, till not one living man remained amongst them when the sun went down. There was only a mound of slain, bristled over with arrows.
Twenty thousand Persians had died before that handful of men! Xerxes asked Demaratus if there were many more at Sparta like these, and was told there were 8,000. It must have been with a somewhat failing heart that he invited his courtiers from the fleet to see what he had done to the men who dared to oppose him! and showed them the head and arm of Leonidas set up upon a cross; but he took care that all his own slain, except 1,000, should first be put out of sight. The body of the brave king was buried where he fell, as were those of the other dead. Much envied were they by the unhappy Aristodemus, who found himself called by no name but the 'Coward', and was shunned by all his fellow-citizens. No one would give him fire or water, and after a year of misery, he redeemed his honor by perishing in the forefront of the battle of Plataea, which was the last blow that drove the Persians ingloriously from Greece.
The Greeks then united in doing honor to the brave warriors who, had they been better supported, might have saved the whole country from invasion. The poet Simonides wrote the inscriptions that were engraved upon the pillars that were set up in the pass to commemorate this great action. One was outside the wall, where most of the fighting had been. It seems to have been in honor of the whole number who had for two days resisted--
'Here did four thousand men from Pelops' land
Against three hundred myriads bravely stand'.
In honor of the Spartans was another column--
'Go, traveler, to Sparta tell
That here, obeying her, we fell'.
On the little hillock of the last resistance was placed the figure of a stone lion, in memory of Leonidas, so fitly named the lion-like, and Simonides, at his own expense, erected a pillar to his friend, the seer Megistias--
'The great Megistias' tomb you here may view,
Who slew the Medes, fresh from Spercheius fords;
Well the wise seer the coming death foreknew,
Yet scorn'd he to forsake his Spartan lords'.
The names of the 300 were likewise engraven on a pillar at Sparta.
Lions, pillars, and inscriptions have all long since passed away, even the very spot itself has changed; new soil has been formed, and there are miles of solid ground between Mount Ceta and the gulf, so that the Hot Gates no longer exist. But more enduring than stone or brass--nay, than the very battlefield itself--has been the name of Leonidas. Two thousand three hundred years have sped since he braced himself to perish for his country's sake in that narrow, marshy coast road, under the brow of the wooded crags, with the sea by his side. Since that time how many hearts have glowed, how many arms have been nerved at the remembrance of the Pass of Thermopylae, and the defeat that was worth so much more than a victory!
Add The Pass Of Thermopylae to your own personal library.
Return to the Charlotte M. Yonge Home Page, or . . . Read the next short story; The Rock Of The Capitol


Baroness Hollins was speaking in a House of Lords debate considering the Director of Public Prosecutions' guidelines on dealing with assisted suicide cases. The crossbencher, who is a past president of the BMA and the current chair of the BMA Board of Science, spoke to refute claims that doctors feel inhibited in talking to dying patients by prosecutorial and professional guidance (also the subject of 'Martin's' action in the courts, alongside but distinct from Nicklinson and Lamb). Lady Hollins' comments are reproduced below; they can be seen in context here.
'My Lords, the current policy for prosecutors provides a clear picture of how prosecution decisions are made in this area of the law and what kind of circumstances might influence a decision to prosecute. But it also avoids sending the message that assisting someone to commit suicide is permissible under certain circumstances.
"Where patients raise the issue of assisting suicide, or ask for information that might encourage or assist them in ending their lives, doctors should be prepared to listen and to discuss the reasons for the patient's request but they must not actively encourage or assist the patient as this would be a contravention of the law".
'I will also quote some of the evidence heard by the group chaired by the noble and learned Lord, Lord Falconer, when it examined assisted suicide in 2011.
'said a representative of the GMC.
'said the Medical Protection Society.
"it's quite clear that we can have discussions with patients. It's the act of doing something with the intention of causing death that is illegal".
Lady Murphy wisely chose not to tackle the crystal clear guidance issued by the General Medical Council, quoted by Lady Hollins (you can read it here) but rather than accuse respected colleagues from across the profession of not listening, she would do well to reread the BMA's guidance which is, contrary to her assertion, similarly clear even giving contact details for doctors seeking case-specific advice. Download it here.


text:
Growth Energy, RFA, USGC release statement on Brazil's delayed decision on ethanol import tariff
WASHINGTON -The Executive Management Committee of CAMEX, Brazil's Chamber of Foreign Trade, announced today it would delay a decision on a pending proposal to impose a tariff of up to 17 percent on Brazil's imports of U.S. ethanol. The following is a joint statement on this action from U.S. Grains Council (USGC) President and CEO Tom Sleight, Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) President and CEO Bob Dinneen and Growth Energy CEO Emily Skor: "We are encouraged to see Brazil's continued postponement on a decision regarding a pending proposal to impose tariffs on U.S. ethanol imports. Our organizations have been tracking this issue for months and have worked heavily in Washington, D.C., and Brasilia to provide all necessary information to the Brazilian government on this issue. Imposing tariffs on U.S. ethanol imports will hurt Brazilian consumers by driving up their costs at the pump. Additionally, this action on U.S. ethanol imports will go against Brazil's own longstanding view that ethanol tariffs are inappropriate and will harm the development of the global ethanol industry. We will continue this work and appreciate the thoughtful consideration Brazilian officials are taking on a proposal that could have wide-ranging and long-standing impacts on both our industries and the global fuel supply."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Rodney A. Butler is serving his 8th year as Chairman of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation, and 14th year on its Tribal Council. Chairman Butler was recently appointed Interim CEO for Foxwoods Resort Casino—the first Native American casino in existence, and one of the world's largest. During his tenure on Tribal Council, Butler also served as its Treasurer, and oversaw the Tribe's Finance, Housing and Judicial Committees. A recent recipient of the Native American Finance Officers Association Tribal Leader of the Year award (2017), Chairman Butler holds a bachelor's degree in finance from the University of Connecticut, where he played defensive back for UCONN Huskies Football. Chairman Butler is a founding trustee of the Mashantucket (Western) Pequot Tribe Endowment Trust. He also chairs the board of directors for United Way of Southeastern Connecticut, and serves on the boards of trustees for both Roger Williams University and the Mystic Aquarium. Prior to public service, Mr. Butler worked in the Finance department at Foxwoods Resort Casino. He later became Chairman of the Mashantucket Pequot Business Advisory Board; an executive body responsible for overseeing the Tribe's non-gaming businesses and commercial properties. Mr. Butler was actively involved in several resort expansions at Foxwoods and led a tribal community housing development project. Chairman Butler's focus is to ensure long-term stability for his Tribe and its businesses.


Striking in it's simplicity, either worn individually or stacked, this ring defines effortless cool.
This ring is cast & just heavy enough to feel substantial without being overly weighty or slipping off unnoticed. A beautiful compliment to the beaded ring in a matte or polished finish.


text:
Russia faces extinction!
The Russian national session "The Main Results of the Social Development of the Russian Federation in 2001 and the Goals for 2002" is taking place in Moscow. The data, which were presented at the session by the Russian government, testified to the fact that there are still very many social problems. Valentina Matviyenko, vice premier of the Russian government, advised that the death rate was 1.7 times as high as the birth rate in the year 2001. Everyone knows that the Russian population is growing old very fast. The same problem can be found in other European countries and Japan, but the reasons for this problem are different. A lot of families choose not to have children for one reason: it is very expensive. Raising even one child costs a lot, and Russian families are not sure if they can guarantee a good life to their children. The young people of Europe and Japan are more interested in their careers, and they spend the majority of their time on this issue. As a result, they do not have the time to raise children.
One cannot say that the Russian government is not worried about the critical situation in our country. There should be certain benefits guaranteed to families that have little ones, but the amount of funding for such help is very low, and people have to go through a lot of red tape in order to get it. Therefore, lot of people simply decide not to have kids, and even if they do, they try to solve their problems with their own efforts.
Valentina Matviyenko also said that the number of the HIV-infected people was growing in Russia. This index increased from 18 thousand to 85.5 thousand people during the period of 1999-2001, and this is only the official information. These people have to face a great deal of problems. Medical treatment is very expensive, and not everyone can afford it. Moreover, an infected person has a lot of problems in his or her everyday life: problems at work and conflicts with neighbors; the list goes on and on. The AIDS precaution measures in Russia are totally unsatisfactory. There are just several organizations that deal with it, basically at the expense of foreign money.
The situation is the same when it comes to drug addicts. As Valentina Matviyenko mentioned, 90% of the HIV-infected people used drugs by means of intravenous injections. At the same time, there were 270 thousand drug addicts officially registered in Russia in 2001, and only every fifth patient is under medical treatment. Matviyenko also said that the non-medical use of medicines had taken threatening forms.
Speaking about the "healthy" nation, it should be said that only nine percent of Russians, including five percent of women. Valentina Matviyenko said that, while the West is running away from alcohol and smoking, the Russian stadiums and sports fields are turning into market places. The vice premier said that the sports issue is going to be considered by the government. Let's hope for the best.
In addition, the president of the Russian Olympic Committee, Leonid Tyagachev, has found the financial sources to fund Russian sports programs. He said during his speech at the session of the Federation Council on March 11 that the Russian Olympic Committee should have its own hotels; the sports lottery should be retrieved, he even mentioned casinos; and income can be earbed from selling vodka and cigarettes. So as it seems, one part of Russia will smoke and drink vodka, whereas the other part will be healthy. Let's hope that the government will not consider Tyagachev's offer seriously.
The list of problems in the social field is surely includes more that the ones mentioned above. There is also unemployment, homeless children, alcoholism, and the low level of the population's income. Why is the Russian government paying attention to the problems only now? And only after President Putin said something about them. There should be something done before it's too late, otherwise, there will be nobody left in Russia after 20 years who should be taken care of.
Vasily Bubnov PRAVDA.Ru
Translated by Dmitry Sudakov


text:
Q: Using Boost in android ndk with windows I am trying to use boost library with Android ndk in Eclipse with Windows. I tried to follow this tutorial
I am stuck in the step with "bjam" command in cygwin.
bjam --without-python --without-serialization toolset=gcc-android4.4.3 link=static runtime-link=static target-os=linux --stagedir=android
Error: bjam command not found.
What is bjam? Also I used the boost 1.53 along ndk r8e. Can someone help me with this please?

A: Android NDK is no longer dependent on Cygwin, so you can build Boost with the NDK from within Windows command prompt (cmd).
In order to make Boost.Build find the NDK, edit boost\tools\build\v2\user-config.jam file and append the following text:
import os ;

androidNDKRoot = C:/android-ndk-r8e ; # put the relevant path
 using gcc : android :
     $(androidNDKRoot)/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.7/prebuilt/windows/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-g++ :
     <compileflags>--sysroot=$(androidNDKRoot)/platforms/android-9/arch-arm
     <compileflags>-mthumb
     <compileflags>-Os
     <compileflags>-fno-strict-aliasing
     <compileflags>-O2
     <compileflags>-DNDEBUG
     <compileflags>-g
     <compileflags>-lstdc++
     <compileflags>-I$(androidNDKRoot)/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.7/include
     <compileflags>-I$(androidNDKRoot)/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.7/libs/armeabi/include
     <compileflags>-D__GLIBC__
     <compileflags>-D_GLIBCXX__PTHREADS
     <compileflags>-D__arm__
     <compileflags>-D_REENTRANT
     <archiver>$(androidNDKRoot)/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.7/prebuilt/windows/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ar
     <ranlib>$(androidNDKRoot)/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.7/prebuilt/windows/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ranlib
         ;

Certainly, instead of c:/android-ndk-r8e you have to put the right location of the NDK on your PC.
Besides, you can select more recent platform API, instead of android-9.
Also note that the NDK supplies several tool-chains, and the above settings point to gcc-4.7. If you prefer to build boost with some other tool-chain, change arm-linux-androideabi-4.7 to the relevant path.
After you've put the configuration in user-config.jam, open cmd, cd to the directory where Boost resides, and invoke bootstrap. Then invoke b2 like this (for example):
b2 --without-python --without-serialization threading=multi link=static runtime-link=static toolset=gcc-android target-os=linux threadapi=pthread --stagedir=android stage
UPDATE: As of 11/2015, older NDK toolchains seem to have issues with the newer Boost versions, causing compiler crash, so consider using a more recent compiler. To do this, just change every 4.7 occurrence in the above script to 4.9. Also, it's worth compiling with a more recent Android API (eg. andoroid-9 -> andoroid-16 or so).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Runner's knee affects more runners than any other injury and accounts for about 40% of running injuries.
When running, as the foot strikes the ground, forces are transmitted from the foot up through the knee and combined with the body's weight places excessive stress and strain on the knee joint. The knee also works with the foot as an active shock absorber reducing stress on other parts of the body and is therefore the primary load baring joint and critical for running.
We look for specific biomechanical movements that can cause or increase the risk of runner's knee: overly fast foot movement through the stride, short calves, short stride length etc.
Will help reduce harmful shock, guide and stabilise the foot.
The correct footwear can help to protect the knee and significantly reduce injury but likewise incorrect or worn footwear can cause or increase injury.
we can recommend quad and hamstring stretching and strengthening exercises that will help improve movement and function.


text:
Valentin Verga, né le  à Buenos Aires en Argentine, est un joueur néerlandais de hockey sur gazon.

Il fait partie de l'équipe des Pays-Bas de hockey sur gazon médaillée d'argent aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012.

Palmarès

Jeux olympiques
Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012 à Londres,
 Médaille d'argent

Coupe du monde
2014: Médaille d'argent

Champions Trophy
2012: Médaille d'argent

Championnats d'Europe
Championnat d'Europe de hockey sur gazon masculin 2017 à Amsterdam,
 Médaille d'or

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1989
Naissance à Buenos Aires
Joueur néerlandais de hockey sur gazon
Joueur de hockey sur gazon aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012
Médaillé d'argent olympique néerlandais
Champion d'Europe de hockey sur gazon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


recommend a power supply for auto use of pi 3b and amp2?
I am considering installing a raspberrypi 3 b with an amp2 in my truck. Can anyone recommend a power supply to use for the 12 vdc to 19 vdc needed that is clean enough to not cause a problem?
There is no need for a power supply. The Amp2 can run on 12V. However, you will need a protection circuit that ensures that voltage spikes are filtered. These are quite common in cars and can damage the Amp2 and/or the Raspberry.


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Use as large wire whisk or rubber spatula to fold half the eggs into the chocolate mixture until almost evenly incorporated. Fold in the remaining eggs until almost no streaks remain.
Use a rubber spatula to finish folding, scraping up the mixture from the bottom to ensure that all the heavier chocolate mixture gets incorporated. Scrape the mixture into the prepared pan and set it in the larger pan. Place it in the oven and surround it with 1 inch of hot water. Bake for 5 minutes.
Cover it loosely with a sheet of buttered foil and bake another 10 minutes. (It will wobble when moved.) Remove the cake pan from the water bath and allow it to cool for about 45 minutes. Cover tightly with plastic wrap and refrigerate it until very firm, at least 3 hours.
Prepare a plate covered with greased plastic wrap.
Run a thin metal spatula around the sides of the torte to release the sides.
Place the plastic-wrapped plate on top and invert the torte onto it. Heat the bottom of the pan and remove it.
Peel off parchment and flip the torte onto the serving plate.
Accompany with fresh cream and raspberries.


A key architect of the air bombardment strategy in the Gulf War and Operation Iraqi Freedom said the U.S. military must have significant success with its efforts to destroy the Islamic State from the air.
On Wednesday night, President Obama's announced that the U.S. will lead a coalition to step up targeted airstrikes against ISIL. As the mission shifts from humanitarian support and protecting U.S. personnel to more aggressive strikes aimed at a much wider set of targets, some analysts have questioned if the U.S. will need ground combat troops or if air power will suffice.
The U.S. has utilized air bombing strategies to support friendly forces, such as the Iraqi Security Forces, hoping to advance on the ground.
Attacking ISIL is not similar to dismantling a country's military such as the initial bombing campaigns in the Gulf War and Operation Iraqi Freedom. It's more similar to the airstrikes the U.S. and allied forces have executed against insurgent and Taliban leaders in Iraq and Afghanistan over the past decade.
A dispersed group of fighters deliberately blending in with the civilian population and travelling in small groups in vehicles like pick-up trucks and armored vehicles has proven difficult or high-risk to pinpoint from the air with even the best precision-guided weaponry.
Even so, one of the authors of the air-power strategy called "effects-based" warfare, said using some of those same concepts may still apply when attacking a mobile insurgent terrorist group such as ISIL.
Retired Air Force Col. John Warden, known for his strategic involvement in creating and implementing effects based warfare, helped the George H.W. Bush administration prepare for the use of precision air-power in the Gulf War.
Effects based warfare is based on the premise that precision air power can achieve a particular strategic effect without necessarily attacking large numbers of fielded forces or the infrastructure of the attacked area. Success is achieved by attacking and disabling the enemy's centers of gravity, referred to by Warden as the five rings – leadership, system essentials, infrastructure, population, fielded military forces.
Warden explained that this means any group, such as ISIL, would have the elements of the five rings such as leadership, supply lines or system essentials and places to store things such as infrastructure, fielded forces and potentially support from the elements of the local population.
"ISIL looks pretty straightforward," he said, suggesting that some elements of effects-based warfare could potentially prove useful against ISIL should attacks continue, despite the fact that they are largely a guerilla force on the move and not a country or area with a fixed infrastructure.
This approach proved quite successful during the Gulf War and opening attack or "shock and awe" conducted at the onset of Operation Iraqi Freedom. However, ISIL poses a much different challenge.
"Where we have had success it is not because we have killed every guy that has a bomb. It is because we have succeeded in destroying the ability of the opposition group to function in an organized and coherent way by attacking the leadership, attacking their communications, and attacking their supply lines ---for the most part -- without doing any significant damage to general infrastructure and little or no damage to the population that they are operating in," Warden said.
The USS Bush carries as many as 44 F/A-18s, including both Hornets and the more technically advanced Super Hornets. Navy Hornet and Super Hornet pilots have been flying surveillance missions over Iraq for weeks, in part to use their on-board electro-optical cameras and infrared sensors to identify potential ISIL targets. These missions were done in anticipation of a potential order to conduct strikes, defense officials said.
F/A-18s are configured with a host of air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons such as GBU-54 500-pound laser-guided bombs, some of which were dropped near Irbil, Iraq, against ISIL mobile artillery targets. Laser-guided bombs can be guided by a laser-designation from the air or nearby ground forces.
Many of the bombs, such as the GBU 54s dropped in Iraq are known as Laser Joint Direct Attack Munitions or LJDAMS. Many JDAMS also rely on GPS guidance to pinpoint their targets.
Navy officials said standard laser guidance packages on bombs prove exceptionally accurate in clear conditions against stationary targets. However, with significant amounts of environmental factors such as airborne dust, smoke, fog, or cloud cover, the guidance packages can have difficulty maintaining "lock" on the laser designation while pursuing moving or maneuvering targets, Navy officials said.
This is the reason the GBU-54 was engineered; it is a dual-mode precision-guided bomb designed to destroy fixed and re-locatable or moving targets, service officials said.
In the Arabian Gulf, the USS Bush is joined by the USS Philippine Sea, a cruiser and two destroyers, the USS Roosevelt and USS O'Kane.


The Robert and Carol Morris Center for 21st Century Music is pleased to welcome the Meridian Arts Ensemble to the University at Buffalo for a week of original and virtuosic music for brass quintet. The Meridian Arts Ensemble, a long-time friend of the Center, has commissioned and premiered over fifty new works, and has emerged as one of the most important new music ensembles in the world. Having released nine critically acclaimed CD recordings on the Channel Classics label, the group somehow manages to also commission new composers, tour and perform on nine continents, and regularly win performance competitions.
Featuring UB's own Professor Jon Nelson, the Meridian Arts Ensemble began as a traditional brass quintet in 1987 and quickly rose to prominence winning four competitions in their first two years. In 1990 they won First Prize in the Concert Artists Guild New York Competition, which launched the group's international career. With the addition of a percussionist, the group has performed extensively throughout the world in Cuba, Japan, Taiwan, Brazil, Germany, Holland, Belgium, Mexico, Austria, Costa Rica and Colombia. The Meridian Arts Ensemble has toured extensively throughout the U.S. as well, and has been hosted by prestigious venues and concert halls such as the Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, Merkin Hall, Seiji Ozawa Hall at Tanglewood, Chicago's Symphony Hall and Pick-Staiger Hall, Los Angeles' Ambassador Auditorium, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and Atlanta's Spivey Hall (more information on their catalogue and recent activities can be found here).
On Tuesday, October 18th at 4:00 p.m. in Lippes Concert Hall, the Meridian Arts Ensemble will host a composer workshop of seven of the University at Buffalo's graduate composers including Esin Gunduz, Dan Bassin, David Rappenecker, Ethan Hayden, Ryo Nakayama, Juan Colón-Hernández, and Kenichi Saeki. The UB music department is populated by an incredibly original and diverse array of young composers from all over the world, and Tuesday's composer workshop will be a great chance to see them workshop their music live with one of today's top ensembles. Ethan Hayden's piece, Chiral Fanfare, is based on the chemical phenomenon of 'chirality' in which two molecules consisting of the same atomic structure – but arranged as mirror images of one another – can have surprisingly different physical properties. The form consists of two sections, each of which feature the same few motivic gestures in drastically different environments, affecting the function and character of the resulting musical fabric. Contrastingly, Esin Gunduz's piece, On texts of wisdom, will feature voice alongside trumpet and trombone, and include text from 13th century Turkish poet and Sufi mystic Yunus Emre. Each of the composers in UB's composition program has a wildly unique voice and different musical background, making their concerts and workshops a very engaging listening pleasure full of skillful nuances and surprises, and Tuesday's composer workshop promises to be no exception.
On Friday, October 21st, the Meridian Arts Ensemble will treat us to a very special 25th Anniversary Concert of works they have commissioned from composers Dave Ballou and David Sanford, as well as perform their own arrangement of 16th century Italian Renaissance composer Giovanni Gabrieli's Venetian Canzoni. The concert will begin at 7:30 p.m. and take place in Lippes Concert Hall.


Our wish-list represents items that we either need on an ongoing or one-time basis. Either way, these items would help us tremendously. Your donation of a unique in-kind gift will make a positive impact on our clinic – for our patients, our staff and our volunteers. Please contact us directly (click here) if you would like to offer any of the following unique gifts.
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It is presumable that the fulcrum, during the execution of these normal movements, is at the costo-clavicular ligament, and that when this is completely torn up, the leverage action is destroyed (used).
To this camp were sent all drugs men likely to be of further service to the army, though not necessarily in active fighting. In conclusion we urge two points: First, let the press, medical and secular, as is requested by the distinguished author, call wide attention to the subject and so arouse the interest, both of cause the profession and the public, to an urgent need.
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How many have gone full week without repentance?
What is the TRUE Pentecostal view on the end times?
What is a thorough and entire repentance? And what is repentance apart from God's grace, light, and strength by the ministry of that great Parakletos.
repentance for OSAS is COMPULSORY to earn rewards in the Millennium; but not maintain eternal salvation. If the latter, when would you, or your loved ones, or those you evangelise to, ever know you have repented enough to stay out of hell?
I say the Lord's Prayer every morning when I get up. And at night before going to bed. The part where it says forgive us our debts as we forgive those who are indebted to us. I also ask Him to search my heart to see if there be any wicked way in me. To forgive me for anything wrong. I believe we need to let God search us to see if there was anything to fttgive me.
How does one go a week without Repentance?


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Q: Post form with fileinput, textinput and multiple checkboxes to php via jquery ajax using formdata I need to create a form where you can pick a file to upload, enter some text in an input field and check one or more categories represented by checkboxes. That form is posted to my php script with jquery ajax.
So far I've got the part for the file upload and input field working

$('#submit').click(function() {
    var file_data = $('#fileToUpload').prop('files')[0];
    var form_data = new FormData();
    form_data.append('fileToUpload', file_data);
    form_data.append('comment', $('#comment').val());
    $.ajax({
        url: 'upload.php',
        dataType: 'html',
        data: form_data,
        processData: false,
        contentType: false,
        type: 'post',
        success: function(data) {
            console.log(data);

        },
    });
});

//upload file
echo "Filename" . $filename . " Comment:" . $_POST["comment"];

How can I append the data of the checkboxes and use them in my php script? Ideally it would just append the ids or data attributes of the checkboxes that were checked when submitting the form.

A: How about
var ch_data = [];

$('input[type="checkbox"]:checked').each(function(){
  ch_data.push($(this).attr('id'));
});

form_data.append('checkboxes', ch_data);


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February 2, 2021 By TIBISAY ZEA
NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING RESIDENTS STRUGGLE TO GET VACCINATION APPOINTMENTS
Photo courtesy of Carmen Lamarche
This article was produced by our partners at El Planeta and translated into English by the Boston Institute for Nonprofit Journalism. A Spanish version can be found here.
Massachusetts residents over 75 years old can now request an online appointment to receive the COVID-19 vaccine under Phase 2 of the state vaccination plan which began on Monday. But getting an appointment is not an easy task, as the demand is high and the availability is limited. Those who are proficient in technology and English have a better chance of obtaining the appointment through the website designated by the state.
Staff at Chelsea Senior Center say they have been receiving dozens of calls a day from Spanish-speaking residents asking for help getting an appointment. Others sought answers about the effectiveness of the vaccines, or their eligibility based on immigration status.
Many residents "fear not knowing how to do it, not wanting to go through the process of being on the computer. It gets frustrating and then there's the language barrier," said Tracy Nowicky, director of senior services for the City of Chelsea. "We need something a little bit more user friendly for our seniors, especially our non-English speaking ones," Nowicky added.
Activists are asking the state to provide a multilingual customer service hotline. In the meantime, the website remains the primary way to get the COVID-19 shot, and it uses a Google plug-in that facilitates translation into several languages.
Still, users have reported that it does not work on certain mobile phones. Additionally, once a place is located on the map, it takes you to the particular website of each vaccination center, where people are asked to fill out a form that, in most cases, is only available in English.
Older adults are not the only group having a hard time. Many healthcare workers have not been able to get vaccinated. Carmen Lamarche, a Dominican woman who works as a personal care assistant for elderly and disabled patients in Lawrence, is among them.
"I have tried to make an appointment for myself, but the system always says there is nothing available," Lamarche said. After weeks of trying, all Lamarche managed to get was an appointment in Worcester, which she turned down because it is more than an hour away from her home. Lamarche takes care of two elderly seniors who have asked her for help getting vaccine appointments of their own.
"If I haven't been able to get it for myself, what will this mean for them?" she said.
Rebecca Gutman, vice president for homecare in the 1199 United Healthcare Workers Union, explained that getting vaccinated has been more difficult for home caregivers because they do not have a centralized employer that can provide them with the vaccine, but instead have to find the appointment on their own. Gutman estimates that about 30% of the union's personal home caregivers (PCAs) are immigrants.
Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker said new appointments would be added every Thursday at the vaccination centers, which include Gillette Stadium, Fenway Park, the Eastfield Mall in Springfield, and the DoubleTree Hotel in Danvers. A total of seven sites will open in the next 10 days, Baker said, noting that there are currently about a million people eligible to get vaccinated in the state.
However, Gutman complained that most of these vaccination centers are not close to immigrant communities. "We definitely want to see more sites open up with more availability in places like Lawrence, Lynn or Holyoke," said Gutman, who is also advocating for all centers to have Spanish-speaking staff who can clarify questions from patients.
Chelsea City Manager Tom Ambrosino confirmed that a new vaccination center will open on February 4 at 318 Broadway, Chelsea, in partnership with the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center. Eligible residents will be eligible to request free roundtrip transportation to receive both dosis. EBNHC patients can contact their primary physician directly to make an appointment.
TIBISAY ZEA
https://binjonline.com/author/tibisay-zea/
AGING IN THE SHADOWS
Filed Under: Immigration, Pandemic Democracy Project Tagged With: COVID-19, immigration, Pandemic Democracy Project


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City:Easton
Height:5 ft 2 in (1.57 m)
Weight:112 lb (51 kg)
About:Lisa Ann is an American exotic dancer, adult model, retired porn actress and film director. Lisa Ann began erotic dancing in 1990 to pay her way through college, where she became a certified dental assistant. In July 1993, she became an adult actress, but quit in 1997 due to an AIDS scare. She spent several years touring as a feature dancer at strip clubs around the country, before returning to the sex industry as an agent, and later also as a performer. Her talent agency, Clear Talent Management, was formed in November 2006, and was later renamed Lisa Ann's Talent Management. In 2007, Lisa Ann's Talent Management merged with Seymore Butts' Lighthouse Agency.
Lisa Ann's New Albums


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Student Businesses
Juniors Rylee Henderson and Amelie Gerber open businesses to gain real world experience
Natalie Nguyen, News Editor|November 20, 2019
Rylee's Stickers – Rylee Henderson
Junior Rylee Henderson started her business and entrepreneurship career through the art of calligraphy and stickers. Henderson always enjoyed calligraphy as a hobby. Her friends encouraged her to post her artwork on social media, where it quickly became popular. After receiving several requests to sell her work as stickers, Henderson decided to launch her own business.
"I've learned a lot about working with people, how to advertise and be efficient with time," Henderson said.
Henderson develops all the stickers by hand using an Apple Pencil, Procreate and Cricut machine which helps her cut out the stickers. Her dedication and work on her stickers is recognized among her satisfied customers.
"The stickers are super cute and great quality," customer and sophomore Kaelyn Zhou said. "I love how we can choose from so many different colors."
Even with her business, Henderson remains committed to her school work. Spanish teacher Matthew Perez commends Henderson for her work ethic in and outside of the classroom.
"I definitely think that she is capable to do [both] her sticker business and her school work at the same time. I think it's a great quality for her to have," Perez said.
Henderson doesn't plan on expanding her business outside of stickers for the time being, however, she dreams of eventually selling different products.
Rylee Henderson decorates her water bottle with her eye-catching stickers
Butter Baby Lip Balm – Amelie Gerber
Born out of a casual conversation, junior Amelie Gerber turned what she thought was a clever idea into a business. Over this past summer, Gerber got inspired to create her chapstick business while spending some time with her friends.
"I was hanging out with my friends one day, and they were complaining about their issues in each of their chapsticks. They didn't like its shape, flavor, or how it wouldn't last long," Gerber said.
With these concerns, Gerber set off to research different distributors. Custom Lip Balm Store, a New York-based company, gave Gerber the opportunity to create unique lip balms with custom flavors, ingredients and packaging.
Many customers are satisfied with her carefully crafted chapstick, including junior Lexi Dallas."I like them[and] it's pretty good chapstick. It has SPF, aloe and lasts a long time," Dallas said.
Even while balancing business, Gerber continues to work hard in school and produces quality work every day in the classroom.
"Amelie is such a hard-working student…she's a great role model for her peers," English teacher Christine Haley said.
Given the success of her business, Gerber plans to launch a new berry flavor chapstick and possibly expand her brand to sell body lotion as well.
Amelie Gerber shows off her quality lip balm
Welcome to Woodbridge
Once a Warrior, Always a Warrior
Kazu Kibuishi Kazu Kibuishi is the author and artist of the New York Times Bestselling graphic novel series "Amulet" and illustrator of the...
New Warriors Find Comfort and Success in the English Language Development Program
Finding Security in a Club
New Additions to the Warrior Family
Head to Head: Perceiving the Environment
Irvine's Safety Is Nationally Recognized
Holidays for the Dead Around the World
The Media's Unfair Control Over Andrew Yang
Campus Crew
Teacher Flashback
Chloe Selby Making a Difference in Media
Warrior Women Brings a Full Stop to Stigma
The Final Push in the Battle with Cancer


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DFWstangs Forums > General > The Theology Corner > God Being Kept Out of Universities
God Being Kept Out of Universities
Ben Stein made a movie that comes out in February 2008 called Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed. He goes and interviews tons of university professors and researchers and most admit that they will not hire anyone that even has a hint of a belief in a god. Others are told to keep their mouth shut. Others are fired or denied tenure. It's pretty rampant. Science ridicules the Intelligent Design crowd by flat out lying and saying it's not science and they have no researchers and no research. They all admit this on the video. Many professors tell how they were fired when they professed a belief in God. Sounds like an interesting movie. Here is the link for a 7 minute trailer for it, and the website is listed below it:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iV8sN1UngFY
www.expelledthemovie.com
- Brian
1992 Taurus SHO
BrianC is offline
Interesting for sure.
I love the Ferris Bueller reference at the end.
jones4stangs
Peer review is a bitch!
I don't see it any different than a Christian preacher who would state and then try to prove the bible is not the word of God with the bible itself. How much trouble would he have getting and/or keeping a leadership job in a church? Would you lead ear or respect anything else that came out their mouth?
Where's the surprise what someone who goes against the tenants of their field of study is shunned and passed over?
05 GT Torch Red C&L CAI, Diablo 93 tune, BMR LCR's & UCR, Pro 5.0, S UDP, Mac

Gifs at Giftube.com
jones4stangs is offline
Originally Posted by jones4stangs
Science and religion in a church are two completely different things. In science it is possible to find truth and absolute fact. It is also possible to interpret those facts different ways. The evolutionists interpret them one way, while the creationists interpret them another way. Evolutionists never argue on the facts with creationists, because the creationists use the same facts. It would be pointless to do so. The evolutionist would give his interpretation and the creationist would give his, and nothing would be solved, except that the creationists would have a more solid, believeable and more statistically possible explanation that fits better (which is why creation theory never changes, but evolution theory constantly changes).
If evolution is the only thing taught for 100 years and science suddenly finds that evolution is incorrect, then scientists are going to have to come up with a new theory. The only other theory is creationism. So, for years, scientists will have this completely incorrect world view from which they interpret ALL of their data, and this will hinder science for that 100 year stretch, and longer. But suddenly, when it's disproven and creationism is brought in, the world view changes and the interpretation of the data it completely turned around backwards. Research would make much more sense once it's established what the true interpretation is.
That's just a for instance of why it is important to show both theories and the data behind them. If one is correct, people need to have another to fall back on, and if both are presented, people can make an educated decision for themselves. They don't need an anti-God scientist to give them his biased opinion on the matter. They're smart enough to figure it out on their own when presented with the data. What a bunch of arrogant, self-serving idiots. They think they have it all figured out, yet they constantly have to adjust their theory. Yet creationist's theory is constant and unchanging, because it was so well structured after they figured it all out. Gee...that should say something right there. But evolutionists don't want to admit that, of course. Make's them look bad. This is why the creation model is superior to the evolution model.
Creationist use the same facts, except when some of those facts argue against Creationism. Then they ignore them. By ignoring them, they do have a decently solid, believable argument. But when you take all the facts into account, their argument becomes a straight out lie.
The fact that creation theory never changes is an argument to its weakness in lieu of developing data.
Creationism never changes because the basis on which it stands, God, never changes. Evolution presumes that facts known to or which could be learned by man are all that exists, and that nothing outside of man's perception can take place. God is no way limited to what man is capable of grasping, and understanding that leaves me with no problem accepting creationism.
Yes, and any evidence that may contradict what the Bible has to say was put on Earth by the Debil.
The debil didn't put jack chit on the earth....he's not a creator of anything, but rather a destroyer.
Secular Dogooderist
Location: The Hive
Good, that's the way it should be.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra
This will help everyone out, check it.
It is time we acknowledged a basic feature of human discourse: when considering the truth of a proposition, one is either engaged in an honest appraisal of the evidence and logical arguments, or one is not. Religion is the one area of our lives where people imagine that some other standard of intellectual integrity applies.
-Sam Harris
Zarathustra is offline
Frankly, unless your studying theology, religion has no place in a college. These people are adults, and have likely already made up thier minds about religion & flavor of religion. College is a place for adults to better themselves & prepare for a career. Religious studies have no relevance to this endeavor. Of course, you can elect to take relgious courses as an elective if that suites you. You can always go to a religious oriented college if you like, there are PLENTY of those.
Religion has a place in college, in a historical context at least.
In a history class, I would agree with that.
In regard to the OP topic:
At state-supported schools or those that are in receipt of any federal dollars for research, etc., not hiring or retaining a professor or any other university employee based on their religion would be a blatant violation of that individual's civil rights, the same as basing said policy on race, national origin, disability, etc.
Last edited by Mr Majestyk; 01-14-2008 at 11:12 AM.
College is a place for adults to better themselves.... Religious studies have no relevance to this endeavor.
Now that was funny!
The majority of Christians belong to denominations which do not teach 6,000 year old earth so the Creationist/Evolutionist arguments from further above are not very relevant to Christianity and universities.
Something I find interesting is that education post Roman Empire was maintained (as much as was maintained) not by secular governments but by the Church. The universities which followed we created by or supported by the Church (look at the earliest universities of Prague, Paris, Oxford, those in Italy).
Even looking at the founding of the oldest universities in the colonies shows an interesting trend towards religion.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Colleges
To remove Christianity from universities is to deny their origin.
Originally Posted by Brain_Mach1
From a historical standpoint your correct, However, times change, we learn. We no longer burn people alive for being "heretics".
In the past most governments were given thier orders by the church, we've learned it's better to seperate government & religion.
In the past the church used to regulate science, as in when Copernicus was burned alive for saying the earth rotated around the sun, or Galilieo was arrested & imprisoned for saying the same. We've also learned to seperate science from religion.
In the modern world, colleges are for futherance of your career,few degree plans require religious classes. Any reference to religion other than in a historical context is of no use to someone studying biology, finance, business, medicine, etc, etc.............
Um, check your facts. Different people can find different motives based on the same facts (religious v. atheist) but your facts are really messed-up.
The separation of church and state is not from church ruling the government but the government ruling the church. The English government had laws such as the Act of Uniformity and the Test Acts to limit the rights of Catholics or other non-Anglican groups. The King of England was the head of the Church and the people. The Church was not the head of the king and the people.
Copernicus died from a stroke induced comma (far from being burned at the stake). He was never persectuted, arrested, etc. His work was denounced after his death. Hold what opinion you want, but at least come close with the facts.
If your understanding of the Copernicus affair is so far outside of the ballpark, the intricuses of the Galileo are too suttle. Heck, his imprisonment was house arrest. The instricacies go into his personal relationships with the church leaders.
The first, and unsually only, religion/science example people go to is Galileo and it was had more to do with personalities. The stories, like the above, about Copernicus tend to be outright false.
By the way, I had 12 years of private religious schooling and bachelors degree from a public university (Texas A&M). I do read history with a Catholic slant, but the first point is to get the facts straight before trying to determine motive.
Aww A&M? I was starting to really like you too! ahh well...
The seperation of church & state came only after 1500 years of the Catholic Pope running politics in Europe. Even then, there wasn't TRUE seperation of church & state for another 200 years.
The king of England was the head of the Anglican church only AFTER Henry broke with Catholic church and then formed the church of England (Anglican church).
You are correct about Copericus, but the only reason he was never persecuted was his book: "De revolutionibus" on heliocentric theory (earth revolves around the sun) was it was published the day he died.
However, the fellow I was thinking of was a Coperican follower & mathematician named Giordano Bruno, who WAS burned at the stake nearly 70 years later on Feb 17, 1600. The list of heretical charges against him included supporting Coperican theory.
The Catholic Church's 1758 Index of Prohibited Books omitted the general prohibition of works defending heliocentrism,[26] but retained the specific prohibitions of the original uncensored versions of De revolutionibus and Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Those prohibitions were finally dropped from the 1835 Index.
In 1633 Galileo Galilei was convicted of grave suspicion of heresy for "following the position of Copernicus, which is contrary to the true sense and authority of Holy Scripture,"[25] and was placed under house arrest for the rest of his life. In 1633 Galileo was well known enough that even the church had to step lightly in persecuting him.
All this was church doctrine based on: Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, and I Chronicles 16:30 state that "the world is firmly established, it cannot be moved." Psalm 104:5 says, "[the LORD] set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved." Ecclesiastes 1:5 states that "the sun rises and the sun sets, and hurries back to where it rises."
So my assertions stand, but thank you for making me research my own mistake.
Last edited by White trash wagon; 01-14-2008 at 06:14 PM.
First, there is no document calling for the separation of Church and State in the US. Read the 1st Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Second, the British monarchy did not want a separation of Church and state, they wanted control of the church. Look at the fate of the monastic properties in Britain, they were seized by the government.
In Britain at the time of the creation of the Bill of Rights, you had to be a member of the Church of England to hold public office, get a government job, etc. This is what the Test Acts in England demanded (look it up before responding). Second, the English government regulated the worship services of the Church which is what Act of Uniformity covered (again, look this stuff up).
I see you are using Wikipedia now. Let's see what else it has to say
Originally Posted by Wikipedia
According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "…in 1600 there was no official Catholic position on the Copernican system, and it was certainly not a heresy. When…Bruno…was burned at the stake as a heretic, it had nothing to do with his writings in support of Copernican cosmology."[7]
Similarly, the Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) asserts that "Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors, among which were the following: that Christ was not God but merely an unusually skilful magician, that the Holy Ghost is the soul of the world, that the Devil will be saved, etc."[8]
However, the webpage of the Vatican Secret Archives about Bruno's trial provides a different perspective: "In the same rooms where Giordano Bruno was questioned, for the same important reasons of the relationship between science and faith, at the dawning of the new astronomy and at the decline of Aristotle's philosophy, sixteen years later, Cardinal Bellarmino, who then contested Bruno's heretical theses, summoned Galileo Galilei, who also faced a famous inquisitorial trial, which, luckily for him, ended with a simple abjuration." [9]
Do you agree with the Catholic Church or with the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. If you say the Catholic Church, realize that the Church did apologize in the affair. There have been and still are people being put to death for crimes in the US who are innocent. This does not help the dead.
House arrest is not imprisonment. In your Wikipedia studies, you also left out parts such as: It (heliocentrism) was consequently termed heretical by the Qualifiers, since it contradicted the literal meaning of the Scriptures, though this position was not binding on the Church.
Did you know that the public defender is an invention of the Italian Inquisition? Where would we be if we had seperation of Chruch and State?
Kepler burnt. NOT! (a previous post by you)
Copernicus burnt. NOT!
King Henry VIII wanting seperation of Church and State. NOT EVEN CLOSE!
Bruno burnt for supporting Copernicus, some truth.
US seperation of Church and State. Show me a document!
Bruno was executed by secular authorities (yes, there must be a seperation of Church and State, but know what this means) for many issues. History is not as simple as most people would have you believe.
Please continue using Wikipedia. It is a great start for research. But read the entire article and use it as a start to your research, not an end.
Last edited by Brain_Mach1; 01-15-2008 at 11:13 AM.
Brian, most western governments do practice seperation of church and state, which you seem to support.
There is no specific section of the constitution that specifically bans mixing church and state however, the constitutional framers had this in mind.
To have a faith based (no seperation) government, a state religion would have to be chosen. The first amendment specifically prohibits this: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
The author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptist Association: I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should "make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," thus building a wall of separation between Church & State."
Moreover James Madison (author of the bill of rights) wrote: "total seperation of the church from the state." "Strongly guarded . . . is the separation between religion and government in the Constitution of the United States," Madison wrote, and he declared, "practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both, and as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States."
Madison and Jeffeson cowrote the Virginia Statute of Religius Freedom, that stated: Government involvement in matters tends to end in the restraint of religion.
Civil rights do not depend on religious beliefs, and what a person thinks is no business of the government's
In 1971 the Supreme Court ruled that "The US Government cannot have excessive entanglements with religion".
As to Giordano Bruno, he was tried, convicted, imprisoned for over 8 years, and sentenced to death by the church. He was handed over to secular authorities for execution. Secular execution of church mandated death sentences was standard practice then since the church knew that violated the sixth commandment.
As to Bruno's specific charges, It is often maintained that Bruno was executed because of his Copernicanism and his belief in the infinity of inhabited worlds. In fact, we do not know the exact grounds on which he was declared a heretic because his file is missing from the records.
However, Italian researcher Luigi Firpo, states one of the charges was: Claiming the existence of a plurality of worlds and their eternity. That is Copernican theory.
poopnut2
Location: On the Fence
Religion and Creationism or Intelligent Design is not a science. Science by definition is the application of the scientific method. Religion and it's beliefs have nothing to do with that. It's all based on faith and faith alone, and any doubt in those beliefs is considered heresy.
poopnut2 is offline
The King of England was in charge of the Church of England. Why? Because he broke away from the catholic church because he had to have the churches approval for certain things. He didn't like that when the church would not approve a divorce that the King of England desired.
Your "facts" are false and you appear to only "learn" what you choose.
Nestromo
Metric Wrench
Location: Watauga, Texas
Originally Posted by BrianC
Science ridicules the Intelligent Design crowd by flat out lying and saying it's not science and they have no researchers and no research.
Is the Easter Bunny a science?
Nestromo is offline
Musician for the deaf
Location: Euless, TX
Sorry, but that's not true, it depends on the charter.
I wonder if there was ever a suit against SMU or TCU for not hiring an atheist...
Casper is offline
Why don't you sue either or both and report back?
You speculated and I offered the counter relating to charters.
AL P
Worship me
The idea that medieval government somehow controlled the church is absolutely laughable. Some of you people really need to lay down the crack pipe.
AL P is offline
There is no single fact of history, it was different in different places and different times.
In Salzburg, the Bishop had political controlled the region.
In different times of the Holy Roman Empire, the emporer was openly battling the Pope for control in the Church; ie, the Investiture Controversy.
There is no simple, single answer for the entire history of the Church and State in medival times.
Originally Posted by Casper
Sorry, but it is true. For instance, right here in the State of Texas, refer to the rules and regulations of the Texas State University System for an example. Equal Employment Opportunity is the policy of that body, and prohibits illegal consideration of race, creed, color, sex, religion, age, national origin, or disability in personnel transactions.
Not speculation, rather it is fact.
I would say that the other side of the coin, or the exception if you will, is the Russian Orthodox church, which maintained subservience to the Tsar.
This was one reason for the political dichotomy between Russia and Poland, and why the east never accepted catholicism; the political structure would not permit a foreign ruler like the pope to circumvent the status quo, while in the west the Holy see was an extension of the Pontifex Maximus. Kiev was "the new Rome" in the east, set on seven hills just like the original.
It also explains why the slavic languages split into Latin based (polish) and Greek based (Russian) alphabets.
It's all interesting stuff and defies broad generalizations.
ModdinArt
Punk Ass Newbie
Location: on the sea
there are schools and there are christian schools. People can still pick whichever one they wanna learn from.
ModdinArt is offline
New guy here


text:
Een buitenvelder of verrevelder is een honkballer of softballer die op een van de drie posities staat in het buitenveld tijdens een wedstrijd.

Er zijn drie buitenveldposities, linksvelder, midvelder en rechtsvelder. Deze drie spelers staan op het grasgedeelte dat zich achter het binnenveld, dus buiten de honken bevindt. Hun functie is het vangen of opvangen van ver geslagen ballen door de slagman van de tegenpartij en die zo snel mogelijk doorspelen naar een collega in het binnenveld, zodat daar een speler van de tegenpartij mee uitgetikt of uitgemaakt kan worden of voorkomen kan worden dat deze naar een volgend honk kan komen. Het buitenveld is de defensie van een honkbalteam.

Een buitenvelder dient een zeer sterke gooikracht te bezitten want moet in staat zijn om de bal snel en zuiver terug te krijgen naar het binnenveld. Ook is een zeer snel sprintvermogen benodigd omdat er in korte tijd naar een ver geslagen bal gerend dient te worden om deze te kunnen opvangen. Een buitenvelder is getraind in het kunnen vangen van zeer hoog geslagen ballen.

Honkbalterminologie
Softbalterminologie


Last month, I did a round-up of my favorite shawl and wrap patterns. After I posted it, I was itchy to make the Sidewalk Shawl.
I chose the Mermaid color in Bamboo Ewe, which looks really pretty with gray, dark purple, and black. It worked up quickly, and I skipped the fringe. You just don't know what could happen with fringe. You could get it stuck in a subway door. You could get tangled in it. You could choke. Fringe is very unpredictable.
Have you made any of the other Stitch Nation patterns? I'm dying to do another one, but I can't choose just one!
Earlier this year, a customer on Etsy contacted me to make custom place mats for a monkey-themed birthday party in November. I had almost forgotten about the party until I opened my Etsy messages to find a photo of the place mats from the party!
I love making these, but I really love seeing people use them for fun things like birthday parties! I especially loved the party favors tucked into the utensil holders.
If you're looking for place mats for the holidays or birthday parties, I have a few sets in my Etsy store, including some pretty polka dot sets!


According to ADB website, the TA aims to improve the performance of all ongoing and future loan and grant projects in the Pacific. The TA is consistent with the ADB Pacific Approach 2010-2014 and the Interim Pacific Approach, 2015, and will support the monitoring of key portfolio performance indicators. The TA builds on the 10-point action plan for procurement reform to improve procurement performance by reducing procurement time, increasing administrative efficiency, and improving project delivery while maintaining sound fiduciary oversight. The TA will also contribute to implementation of the ADB plan for enhancing its effectiveness in fragile and conflict-affected situations, which focuses on supporting state-building and long term institutional capacity development in fragile countries.


Where is carriere de marbre in France?
carriere de marbre is situated in the region Languedoc-Roussillon in France!
Here you will find the location of carriere de marbre on a map.
All places in the world called carriere de marbre.
Where is carriere de marbre on the map?
Where is carriere de marbre relative to other places?
Top 10 cities in Languedoc-Roussillon and distance from carriere de marbre.
Top 10 cities in France and distance from carriere de marbre.


I was planning to detach them from eachother.
A specter that's generally hidden.
Everybody has a mask of sinner.
That should've already been dead.
a world covered in falsehood.
Shall we go and expose them?
In disorder, a suddenly appearing impulse is running through.
Just like a Valhalla it will awaken: a Valkyrja.
No need ruler, like that instict leads you, go!
"Grab your strap" There aren't things you can get without shedding blood.
"Raise your flag" What should we do? Let's revolt.
"White or black" rebelling of dead soldiers.
"Grab your strap" The ones that believe only pull the trigger with that hand.
A truth that's exciting and I want to flee from.
In disorder, a brittle ideal is falling apart without making a sound.
What's left is thirsty and hungry.
I am no one, that instinct leaves you unsatisfied.
Even brothers are eating and drinking EVIL.
Get through to the unseen end of the place you want to reach.
The information of lyrics "Elza Kanzaki starring ReoNa - Disorder" that we give may not be fully accurate and actual. So we open up to every response of criticism and suggestion, complaint or another.


text:
using System;
using work.bacome.imapclient.support;
using work.bacome.trace;

namespace work.bacome.imapclient
{
    public partial class cIMAPClient
    {
        private partial class cSession
        {
            private class cMailboxCacheItem : iMailboxHandle
            {
                private readonly cCallbackSynchroniser mSynchroniser;
                private readonly cMailboxCache mMailboxCache;
                private readonly string mEncodedMailboxPath;

                private bool? mExists = null;
                private cListFlags mListFlags = null;
                private cLSubFlags mLSubFlags = null;
                private cStatus mStatus = null;
                private cMailboxStatus mMailboxStatus = null;
                private cMailboxSelectedProperties mSelectedProperties = cMailboxSelectedProperties.NeverBeenSelected;

                public cMailboxCacheItem(cCallbackSynchroniser pSynchroniser, cMailboxCache pMailboxCache, string pEncodedMailboxPath)
                {
                    mSynchroniser = pSynchroniser ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pSynchroniser));
                    mMailboxCache = pMailboxCache ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pMailboxCache));
                    mEncodedMailboxPath = pEncodedMailboxPath ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pEncodedMailboxPath));
                }

                object iMailboxHandle.MailboxCache => mMailboxCache;
                public cMailboxCache MailboxCache => mMailboxCache;
                public string EncodedMailboxPath => mEncodedMailboxPath;

                public cMailboxName MailboxName { get; set; }
                public cCommandPart MailboxNameCommandPart { get; set; }

                public bool? Exists => mExists;

                public void SetJustCreated(cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(SetJustCreated));

                    fMailboxProperties lProperties;

                    if (mExists != null) lProperties = fMailboxProperties.exists;
                    else lProperties = 0;

                    mExists = true;
                    mListFlags = null;
                    mStatus = null;
                    mMailboxStatus = null;
                    mSelectedProperties = cMailboxSelectedProperties.NeverBeenSelected;

                    mSynchroniser.InvokeMailboxPropertiesChanged(this, lProperties, lContext);
                }

                public void ResetExists(cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(ResetExists));

                    fMailboxProperties lProperties;

                    if (mExists == true) lProperties = fMailboxProperties.exists;
                    else lProperties = 0;

                    mExists = false;
                    mListFlags = null;
                    mStatus = null;
                    mMailboxStatus = null;
                    mSelectedProperties = cMailboxSelectedProperties.NeverBeenSelected;

                    mSynchroniser.InvokeMailboxPropertiesChanged(this, lProperties, lContext);
                }

                public cListFlags ListFlags => mListFlags;
                public cLSubFlags LSubFlags => mLSubFlags;

                public void SetListFlags(cListFlags pListFlags, cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(SetListFlags), pListFlags);

                    if (pListFlags == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pListFlags));

                    fMailboxProperties lDifferences = ZSetExists((pListFlags.Flags & fListFlags.nonexistent) == 0) | cListFlags.Differences(mListFlags, pListFlags);

                    mListFlags = pListFlags;

                    mSynchroniser.InvokeMailboxPropertiesChanged(this, lDifferences, lContext);
                }

                public void SetLSubFlags(cLSubFlags pLSubFlags, cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(SetLSubFlags), pLSubFlags);

                    if (pLSubFlags == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pLSubFlags));

                    fMailboxProperties lDifferences = cLSubFlags.Differences(mLSubFlags, pLSubFlags);

                    mLSubFlags = pLSubFlags;

                    mSynchroniser.InvokeMailboxPropertiesChanged(this, lDifferences, lContext);
                }

                public cStatus Status => mStatus;

                public void ClearStatus(cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(ClearStatus));
                    mStatus = null;
                }

                public void UpdateStatus(cStatus pStatus, cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(UpdateStatus), pStatus);
                    if (pStatus == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pStatus));
                    mStatus = cStatus.Combine(mStatus, pStatus);
                }

                public cMailboxStatus MailboxStatus => mMailboxStatus;

                public void UpdateMailboxStatus(cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(UpdateMailboxStatus));

                    if (mStatus == null && mMailboxStatus == null) return;

                    fMailboxProperties lDifferences;

                    if (mStatus == null)
                    {
                        lDifferences = fMailboxProperties.messagecount | fMailboxProperties.recentcount | fMailboxProperties.uidnext | fMailboxProperties.unseencount | fMailboxProperties.highestmodseq; // not uidvalidity because it is likely to have some heavy processing attached to it if it is monitored
                        mMailboxStatus = null;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        cMailboxStatus lMailboxStatus = new cMailboxStatus(mStatus.Messages ?? 0, mStatus.Recent ?? 0, mStatus.UIDNext ?? 0, mStatus.UIDValidity ?? 0, mStatus.Unseen ?? 0, mStatus.HighestModSeq ?? 0);
                        lDifferences = ZSetExists(true) | cMailboxStatus.Differences(mMailboxStatus, lMailboxStatus);
                        mMailboxStatus = lMailboxStatus;
                    }

                    mSynchroniser.InvokeMailboxPropertiesChanged(this, lDifferences, lContext);
                }

                public void SetMailboxStatus(cMailboxStatus pMailboxStatus, cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(SetMailboxStatus), pMailboxStatus);
                    if (pMailboxStatus == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pMailboxStatus));
                    fMailboxProperties lDifferences = ZSetExists(true) | cMailboxStatus.Differences(mMailboxStatus, pMailboxStatus);
                    mMailboxStatus = pMailboxStatus;
                    mSynchroniser.InvokeMailboxPropertiesChanged(this, lDifferences, lContext);
                }

                public cMailboxSelectedProperties SelectedProperties => mSelectedProperties;

                public void SetSelectedProperties(bool pUIDNotSticky, cFetchableFlags pMessageFlags, bool pSelectedForUpdate, cPermanentFlags pPermanentFlags, cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(SetMessageFlags), pUIDNotSticky, pMessageFlags, pSelectedForUpdate, pPermanentFlags);
                    if (pMessageFlags == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pMessageFlags));
                    ZSetSelectedProperties(new cMailboxSelectedProperties(mSelectedProperties, pUIDNotSticky, pMessageFlags, pSelectedForUpdate, pPermanentFlags), lContext);
                }

                public void SetMessageFlags(cFetchableFlags pMessageFlags, cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(SetMessageFlags), pMessageFlags);
                    if (pMessageFlags == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pMessageFlags));
                    ZSetSelectedProperties(new cMailboxSelectedProperties(mSelectedProperties, pMessageFlags), lContext);
                }

                public void SetPermanentFlags(bool pSelectedForUpdate, cPermanentFlags pPermanentFlags, cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(SetPermanentFlags), pSelectedForUpdate, pPermanentFlags);
                    ZSetSelectedProperties(new cMailboxSelectedProperties(mSelectedProperties, pSelectedForUpdate, pPermanentFlags), lContext);
                }

                private void ZSetSelectedProperties(cMailboxSelectedProperties pSelectedProperties, cTrace.cContext pParentContext)
                {
                    var lContext = pParentContext.NewMethod(nameof(cMailboxCacheItem), nameof(ZSetSelectedProperties), pSelectedProperties);
                    if (pSelectedProperties == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pSelectedProperties));
                    fMailboxProperties lDifferences = ZSetExists(true) | cMailboxSelectedProperties.Differences(mSelectedProperties, pSelectedProperties);
                    mSelectedProperties = pSelectedProperties;
                    mSynchroniser.InvokeMailboxPropertiesChanged(this, lDifferences, lContext);
                }

                private fMailboxProperties ZSetExists(bool pExists)
                {
                    if (mExists == pExists) return 0;
                    mExists = pExists;
                    return fMailboxProperties.exists;
                }

                public override string ToString() => $"{nameof(cMailboxCacheItem)}({mEncodedMailboxPath})";
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: SQL - How to use SUBSTRING function to output as Col Name Is it possible to use the SUBSTRING function in SQL to output the result as Column Name?
Example:
DECLARE @itemname VARCHAR(50) = 'HELLO WORLD'
SELECT SUBSTRING(@itemname, 1, 5) AS OUTPUT

Gives the output as
OUTPUT
-----
HELLO

What I want to achieve here is that the Col name should instead be given out as HELLO
DECLARE @itemname VARCHAR(50) = 'HELLO WORLD'

SELECT col1 AS SUBSTRING(@itemname, 1, 5)
FROM myTable

Which should display
HELLO
------
Record 1
Record 2
Record 3
Record 4
.
.
.

A: You need dynamic sql for that purüose, as you can't do it drectly

CREATE TABLE myTable(i int)

SET @itemname  := 'HELLO WORLD';

    SET @sql := CONCAT('SELECT COUNT(*) AS ', SUBSTRING(@itemname, 1, 5), ' FROM myTable');

    PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
    EXECUTE stmt;
    DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

| HELLO |
| ----: |
|     0 |

db<>fiddle here

A: You can use dynamic SQL :
DECLARE @itemname VARCHAR(50) = 'HELLO WORLD'
SELECT CONCAT('SELECT col1 AS ', SUBSTRING(@itemname, 1, 5), ' FROM myTable');

This outputs
SELECT col1 AS HELLO FROM myTable

Now, you can copy paste that result or EXECUTE it
Here are more informations about the usage of EXECUTE : Is it possible to execute a string in MySQL?


You can test your Bitbucket Pipelines build locally with Docker. This can be helpful to check whether your Docker image is suitable, or if you are having memory issues in Pipelines when you try to build.
Prepare your local environment. Make sure you have a local copy of your Bitbucket repository with your bitbucket-pipelines.yml file ready.
For the detailed guidelines, see Clone a repository.
# registry for your build environment.
If you have SSH installed, the command returns the version details, which shows it's installed correctly.
Once your Docker installation is in place, you can build your own custom image, or use an existing image (for example the ones downloadable from Docker Hub).
Building your own image presumes that you already have a dockerfile you've created to define your container. If you don't have a dockerfile, you might find this run through of creating an image useful, or Docker's official Get Started guide.
$ docker build --memory=1g --memory-swap=1g -t account/imageName:tag -f my.dockerfile .
Builds the container with a 1GB of memory and no swap space (swap is calculated by swap value - memory value). This memory amount simulates the memory restrictions in Pipelines for a service container (both flags are needed).
Set the memory limit when debugging locally to replicate Pipelines as closely as possible and so discover whether you are hitting Pipelines memory limits. Many issues with failing pipelines that pass locally are due to memory constraints.
Read more about memory management in the Docker docs.
Use the docker stats command to check the actual memory limit of the container.
You can modify the default memory settings in the status bar ( > Preferences > Advanced).
Creates an image for the account with the name provided, with the image name provided and with the tag provided.
Runs a Docker container with a TTY and with STDIN open. It means that the container opens in an interactive mode and you can run commands in it.
Mounts the local directory called /Users/myUserName/code/localDebugRepo inside the container as /localDebugRepo.
Any changes to the repository content that occur within the container are reflected in the local clone of your repository.
Sets the directory in which you want to start. This is the directory in which you run the commands. By default, it's the root directory of the container.
Runs the container with 4 GB of memory and no swap space, which simulates the memory restrictions in Pipelines for a build container (all 3 flags are needed).
The Docker image that you want to run. You probably want to use the image that you specified in your bitbucket-pipeline.yml file. For more information, see Use Docker images as build environments.
If you need to pass environment variables into your container you can use the -e switch, for example adding -e "VAR1=hello" -e "VAR2=world" to the above command before -it, or use a file --env-file=env-vars.txt. Learn more.
This means you're inside of your working directory and you can start executing commands.
If your build would normally use services, for example MySQL, you can use separate containers to test this locally, too.
To use services, start the service container before your main container.
Then, when you are running your main container, make sure to link it to the service container, using the --link option.
After getting your container built and running, you can run the commands you've listed in your pipelines script.
If you find any problems you can debug them locally, and once you've got them working well, update your bitbucket-pipelines.yml to match.
At this stage, we have a python:2.7 container open and we're inside the repository directory.
We'll be testing the bitbucket-pipelines.yml file that we mentioned at the beginning of this guide.
Note: This example works only if you have the myScript.py script in the repo. Our script contains the version command we ran above.
As this runs well, we can add it to our bitbucket-pipelines.yml file and commit the changes, confident that the pipeline will run error free.