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How much money did Black Panther make?
Image: ©Marvel Studios/Disney
In 2018, Black Panther arrived in cinemas. The highly anticipated Marvel Studios movie, based on the comic book character of the same name, was released to extremely positive reviews and a fantastic response from audiences.
It is fair to say the movie performed magnificently during its theatrical run, not just critically, but commercially too. But how much money did it make?
In this post I am taking a look at the financial success of Black Panther. From how much money the movie took at the worldwide box office, to some of the stages of its journey.
Black Panther opened on February 16th 2018. The initial buzz from critics was encouraging and audiences were ready for the movie.
I recall going to the cinema during the weekend of its release and it was clear the film was already connecting with people. The foyer at my local cinema was filled with people, all queuing for tickets, and the screening I attended was packed.
There are only a handful of films I can think of that bring families (and extended families) out in large numbers, and Black Panther is one of them. Generations of families attended screenings – it was something truly wonderful to see.
And because of the sheer amount of people who flocked to see Black Panther, the film took an eye-popping amount of money. In total, Black Panther made $1,346,913,161 at the worldwide box office.
This breaks down as follows:
$700,059,566 – Domestic
$646,853,595 – International
Total: $1,346,913,161
Charting the success of Black Panther
As noted above, Black Panther's success was pretty evident from the start. Audiences were ready to support the movie and if nothing else, it was certainly going to benefit from a strong opening. The question was, would it have legs beyond the opening weekend?
The answer? Yes.
By March 4th – just 17 days after the movie opened – Black Panther had reached almost $900 million at the worldwide box office. The figure sat at $897,705,037.
To put this into perspective, in just two-and-a-half weeks, Black Panther had already surpassed the entire runs of films such as Wonder Woman (2017), Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and Justice League (2017), which were (at the time) recent comic book movies.
By March 10th, Black Panther had taken more than $1 billion dollars at the worldwide box office. At the time, Black Panther was one of only five Marvel Studios movies to sit in the $1 billion club, following The Avengers (2012), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Iron Man 3 (2013) and Captain America: Civil War (2016).
By March 20th, Black Panther had retained its position at the top of the US charts for a fifth week. The film had reached $1,185,153,798 and (at the time) was already in 14th place on the list of highest grossing movies of all time.
Within the space of six weeks, Black Panther (2018) was officially the highest grossing Marvel Studios movie in the US. The film surpassed The Avengers (2012) at the domestic box office, having achieved $630,916,236 (in comparison to The Avengers' US total of $623,357,910).
April 3rd 2018
By April 3rd, Black Panther was officially the 10th highest grossing film of all-time, with a box office of $1,277,623,549. The movie had surpassed The Fate and the Furious (2017), Beauty and the Beast (2017) and Frozen (2013) to move into the 10th position on the worldwide box office chart.
April 25th, and Black Panther is just under $8 million away from surpassing the overall total accumulated by Star Wars: The Last Jedi. Within the next week, the movie will become the ninth highest grossing movie of all-time.
Black Panther surpasses Star Wars: The Last Jedi at the box office, and becomes the ninth highest grossing movie of all-time. The movie has taken $1,333,313,349.
Over the coming weeks, Black Panther continues to bring in audiences, finally settling on a total of $1,346,913,161.
During its theatrical run, Black Panther was an incredible performer. Audiences engaged with the film and it provided a great source of entertainment.
The movie continues to attract audiences through home video and streaming. In my personal opinion, it is one of Marvel's best films.
Thank you for taking the time to read this post about Black Panther. For related posts, please check out one of the recommended reads below.
Is Black Panther Marvel's best film?
Black Panther has made history
Marvel Knights Black Panther is on YouTube
Tags: Black Panther, Black Panther 2018, Black Panther film, Chadwick Boseman, Comic book movies, Comics, Films, How much money did Black Panther make?, Marvel, Marvel movies, Marvel Studios, Michael B. Jordan, Movies, Retro, TV
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The Voyage of H. M. S. Bounty
Home » Non Fiction » 18th Century Wars » Naval and Maritime » The Voyage of H. M. S. Bounty
Author(s): William Bligh
A timeless story of the Royal Navy
The story of Captain Bligh, the quest for breadfruit and the mutiny is perhaps one of the most famous concerning the Royal Navy in the great days of sail. Much of this can be attributed to the several motion pictures made of the story. Predictably, fact was far from fiction. This book—written by Captain Bligh himself—reveals a fine and able officer, well regarded by peers and superiors, who set about a difficult task that led ultimately to the infamous ordeal of mutiny within his crew. As Fletcher Christian and the mutineers took his vessel and returned to the pleasures of Tahiti, Bligh and the other loyal unfortunates in his open boat began the long struggle for survival which would see the deaths of many of them. Bligh recounts the entire history of the voyage of the Bounty from commission to mutiny to final deliverance, enhanced with much detail of interest to students of navigation and maritime history. A true classic.
Tuesday 3rd February, 1789. I was present this afternoon at a wrestling match where a young man, by an unlucky fall, put his arm out of joint at the elbow: three stout men immediately took hold of him and, two of them fixing their feet against his ribs, replaced it. I had sent for our surgeon but before he arrived all was well, except a small swelling of the muscles in consequence of the strain. I enquired what they would have done if the bone had been broken and, to show me their practice, they got a number of sticks and placed round a man's arm, which they bound with cord. That they have considerable skill in surgery is not to be doubted. I have before mentioned an instance of an amputated arm being perfectly healed and which had every appearance of having been treated with great propriety.

The part of the beach nearest the ship was become the general place of resort towards the close of the day. An hour before sunset the inhabitants began to collect, and here they amused themselves with exercising the lance, dancing, and various kinds of merriment, till nearly dark, when they retired to their homes. Of this cheerful scene we were spectators and partakers every fine evening.

Friday 6th February. An occurrence happened today that gave me great concern, not only on account of the danger with which the ship had been threatened, but as it tended greatly to diminish the confidence and good understanding which had hitherto been constantly preserved between us and the natives. The wind had blown fresh in the night, and at daylight we discovered that the cable by which the ship rode had been cut near the water's edge in such a manner that only one strand remained whole. While we were securing the ship Tinah came on board. I could not but believe he was perfectly innocent of the transaction; nevertheless I spoke to him in a very peremptory manner, and insisted upon his discovering and bringing to me the offender. I was wholly at a loss how to account for this malicious act. My suspicions fell chiefly, I may say wholly, on the strangers that came to us from other parts of the island; for we had on every occasion received such unreserved and unaffected marks of goodwill from the people of Matavai and Oparre that in my own mind I entirely acquitted them. The anger which I expressed however created so much alarm that old Otow and his wife (the father and mother of Tinah) immediately quitted Oparre, and retired to the mountains in the midst of heavy rain, as did Teppahoo and his family. Tinah and Iddeah remained and expostulated with me on the unreasonableness of my anger against them. He said that he would exert his utmost endeavours to discover the guilty person, but it might possibly not be in his power to get him delivered up, which would be the case if he was either of Tiarraboo, Attahooroo, or of the island Eimeo. That the attempt might have been made as much out of enmity to the people of Matavai and Oparre as to me, everyone knowing the regard I had for them, and that I had declared I would protect them against their enemies. All this I was inclined to believe, but I did not think proper to appear perfectly satisfied lest Tinah, who was naturally very indolent, should be remiss in his endeavours to detect the offender. To guard as much as possible against future attempts of this kind I directed a stage to be built on the forecastle so that the cables should be more directly under the eye of the sentinel; and I likewise gave orders that one of the midshipman should keep watch forward.

In the afternoon Oreepyah returned from Tethuroa. He told me that Moannah and himself had narrowly escaped being lost in the bad weather and that Moannah had been obliged to take shelter at Eimeo. Several canoes had been lost lately in their passage to or from Tethuroa. The oversetting of their canoes is not the only risk they have to encounter, but is productive of another danger more dreadful; for at such times many become a prey to the sharks which are very numerous in these seas. I was informed likewise that they were sometimes attacked by a fish which by their description I imagine to be the barracoota, as they attribute to it the same propensity. Saturday passed without my seeing anything of Tinah the whole day.
The Enemy on the Tide
The Story of the Barbary Corsairs
Revolutionary Fights & Fighters
The Mercantile Marine
Mariner & Gunner
Lords of the Sea
A Sailor of King George
The Voyage of H.M.S. Pandora

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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\section{Introduction}

We denote the free group on two generators $a,b$ by ${\mathbf F}_2=\langle a,b \rangle$. For every group $G$, a word $w \in {\mathbf F}_2$ determines a word map $w \colon G \times G \to G$ by evaluation. We say that $w$ is a law for $G$ if the image of the corresponding word map on $G$ consists only of the neutral element -- that is, $w(g,h)=1$ for all $g,h \in G$. Every finite group admits laws, for example $a^n \in {\mathbf F}_2$ is a law for $G$ for $n:=|G|$. Recently, there has been some interest in finding short laws for specific groups of families of groups. This was first done systematically by Hadad for finite simple groups of Lie type in \cite{MR2764921}. Bou-Rabee \cite{MR2574859} started a program to determine the so-called residual finiteness growth of various groups, which also involved the study of laws for symmetric groups ${\rm Sym}(n)$ (see \cite{brm} and independently \cite{MR2972333}) and the family of all groups (resp.\ all nilpotent or all solvable groups) of size at most $n$. The best upper bounds for length of laws of ${\rm Sym}(n)$ are currently due to Kozma and the author \cite{kozthom}, where the proof makes use of consequences of the Classification of Finite Simple Groups (CFSG).

The aim of this note is to provide a construction of a non-trivial word $w_n \in {\mathbf F}_2$ of length $O(n /\log(n)^{2-\varepsilon})$ which is a law for every finite group of size at most $n$. We will first do this separately for solvable groups and semi-simple groups (in the sense of Fitting) and then combine the two results to obtain a result for general finite groups. This answers a question from Kassabov-Matucci \cite[Question 18]{MR2784792}. Our main result is stated as Theorem \ref{main} at the end of the paper. Its proof is spread over the entire paper, combining results on nilpotent and solvable groups with the case of semi-simple groups and results of Fitting. In the course of the proof, we also provide new upper bounds for the the length of laws that hold for all nilpotent resp.\ all solvable groups of size at most $n$.

Previously, bounds on the length of laws that hold for all groups of size at most $n$ have been obtained by Bou-Rabee \cite{MR2574859} who constructed such a law of length $O(n^3)$. Later, Kassabov and Matucci \cite{MR2784792} improved the bound to $O(n^{3/2})$ using an elementary but technical result of Lucchini on permutation groups from \cite{MR1722784}. Our methods rely on the CFSG and thus use a machinery which is considerably more heavy than the methods used before.

The only known lower bound comes from the observation that ${\rm PSL}_2(p)$ does not satisfy any law shorter than $p$, see \cite{MR2532876}. Since the size of ${\rm PSL}_2(p)$ is roughly $p^3$, this implies that no law of length $o(n^{1/3})$ can hold for all groups of size at most $n$. We conjecture that the bound $n/\log(n)^2$ proved in this paper  is sharp up to negligible factors -- see also the discussion after Theorem \ref{main}.

\section{Preliminaries}

Let $G$ be a group. For a word $w \in {\mathbf F}_2$ we set $Z(G,w):= \{(g,h) \in G \times G \mid w(g,h)=1 \}$ and call it the vanishing set of $w$. Clearly, $w$ is a law for $G$ if and only if $Z(G,w)=G \times G$.
We denote the minimal word length of a word $w \in {\mathbf F}_2$ when written in terms of the generators $\{a,a^{-1},b,b^{-1}\}$ by $|w|$.

The following lemma is the key in many steps of the argument. It allows to combine finite sets of words and increase the vanishing set. We called it the commutator lemma, and it has appeared in different forms in the work of Hadad \cite[Lemma 3.3]{MR2764921} and Kassabov-Matucci \cite[Lemma 10]{MR2784792}. In the following form, it was proved as \cite[Lemma 2.2]{kozthom}.

\begin{lemma} \label{commut}
Let $w_1,\dotsc,w_m$ be non-trivial words in $\mathbf{F}_2$. Then there exists a non-trivial word $w\in\mathbf{F}_k$ such that for all groups $G$ we have:
$$Z(G,W) \supset Z(G,w_1) \cup \dots \cup Z(G,w_m).$$
Moreover, the length of $w$ is
bounded by $16\cdot m^2\max|w_i|$.
\end{lemma}

Lemma \ref{commut} can be used to construct laws for a single group but also laws for families of groups. Indeed, applying it to a laws for $G$ and $H$ yields a law that holds for both $G$ and $H$. We will apply the lemma in both ways.

The preceding lemma is enough to prove the upper bound of Bou-Rabee on laws that hold for all finite groups of size at most $n$. Indeed, every element of a group of order at most $n$ has order at most $n$. Hence, $G \times G = \cup_{k=1}^n Z(G,a^k)$. The lemma provides a law of length $16n^3$. The result of Kassabov-Matucci starts with this observation and treats groups with an element of order exceeding $n^{1/2}$ separately in order to obtain the improved bound $O(n^{3/2})$, see \cite{MR2784792}.

\vspace{0.2cm}

The following lemma allows us to deal with extensions of groups.
\begin{lemma} \label{ext}
Let $1 \to H \to G \to G/H \to 1$ be an extension of groups. Let $w' \in {\mathbf F}_2$ be a non-trivial law for $H$ and $w'' \in {\mathbf F}_2$ be a non-trivial law for $G/H$. There exists a non-trivial law $w \in {\mathbf F}_2$ for $G$ of length bounded by $|w'| (|w''|+2)$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We set $w(a,b):= w'(w''(a,b), xw''(a,b)x^{-1})$, where we choose $x \in \{a,a^{-1},b,b^{-1}\}$ so that $w''(a,b)$ and $x w''(a,b) x^{-1}$ are free in ${\mathbf F}_2$. This proves the claim.
\end{proof}

The preceding lemma will allow us to decompose a group into its solvable radical and the corresponding semi-simple quotient. But we will also apply it to study automorphism groups of finite simple groups and reduce the case of semi-simple groups to that of simple groups.

\section{Nilpotent and solvable groups}

Let $G$ be a group. We define the lower central series of $G$ by setting $\gamma_1(G)=G$ and defining $\gamma_{k+1}(G)=[G,\gamma_{k}(G)]$ for all $k \geq 1$. Similarly, the derived series is defined by $G^{(0)} := G$ and $G^{(k+1)} := [G^{(k)},G^{(k)}]$ for all $k \geq 0$. A group is called {\it nilpotent} if $\gamma_{k+1}(G)=1$ for some $k \in {\mathbb N}$ and the smallest such $k$ is called the nilpotency class of $G$. A group is called {\it solvable} if if $G^{(k)}=1$ for some $k \in {\mathbb N}$ and the smallest such $k$ is called the solvability class of $G$.
It is a classical result of Hall that $G^{(k)} \subset \gamma_{2^k}(G)$ for all $k \geq 0$.

It is well-known that the nilpotency class of a nilpotent group can be estimated by the size. More precisely, we have that
$\gamma_k(G)=1$ whenever $k> \log_2(n)$. Indeed, this is obvious since $|\gamma_m(G)/\gamma_{m+1}(G)| \geq 2$, whenever $\gamma_m(G) \neq 1$. By a result of Elkasapy and the author \cite[Theorem 2.2]{elkthom}, there exists a non-trivial word $v_k \in {\mathbf F}_2$ of length at most $O(k^{3/2})$ which lies in $\gamma_k({\mathbf F}_2)$. This implies the following proposition, compare \cite[Theorem 5.1]{elkthom} for a slightly sharper bound.

\begin{proposition} \label{nil}
Let $n \in {\mathbb N}$. There exists a word $v_n \in {\mathbf F}_2$ of length bounded by $O(\log(n)^{3/2})$ which is a law for all nilpotent groups of size at most $n$.
\end{proposition}

In order to treat solvable groups, we need to recall a few more notions. Let $G$ be a solvable group of size at most $n$. By a result of Fitting, there exists a unique maximal, normal, and nilpotent subgroup of $G$. This group is called the Fitting subgroup and we denote it by $N \lhd G$. See \cite{hall} for general background on this and related concepts that will come up.
It is a classical fact that the canonical map $\alpha \colon G \to {\rm Aut}(N)$, given by the conjugation action, is injective.

Since $N$ is nilpotent, $N$ is a product of $p$-groups $N = \prod_p N(p)$, and we obtain also ${\rm Aut}(N)= \prod_p {\rm Aut}(N(p))$. For the $p$-group $N(p)$, the Frattini subgroup $\Phi(N(p))$ is equal to $N(p)^p[N(p),N(p)]$ and we denote the Frattini quotient by $V(p) = N(p)/\Phi(N(p))$. The quotient group $V(p)$ is a vector space over the finite field ${\mathbb Z}/p{\mathbb Z}$. Since $|V(p)| \leq |N(p)| \leq n$, the dimension $m(p):=\dim_{{\mathbb Z}/p{\mathbb Z}} V(p)$ of $V(p)$ over ${\mathbb Z}/p{\mathbb Z}$ is bounded by $\log_2(n)$.

We consider the natural homomorphism $\alpha_p \colon {\rm Aut}(N(p)) \to {\rm Aut}(V(p)) = {\rm GL}_{m(p)}(p)$ with $m(p) \leq \log_2(n)$. Clearly, the image of $G$ in ${\rm GL}_{m(p)}(p)$ is solvable since $G$ is assumed to be solvable.
By a result of Zassenhaus \cite[Satz 7]{MR3069692}, the solvability class of a linear group is logarithmic in the dimension of the vector space on which it acts.
Later, Huppert \cite{MR0089851} proved that the solvability class of a solvable subgroup of ${\rm GL}_{m(p)}(p)$ cannot exceed $1 + 7\log_2 (m(p))$. Newman \cite[Theorem A$_S$]{MR0302781} determined the optimal bound to be $5\log_9(m(p)) + O(1)$.
Thus, we obtain that the solvability class of the image of $G$ in $\prod_p {\rm Aut}(V(p))$ cannot exceed $5 \log_9 (2) \cdot \log_2 (\log_2(n)) + O(1)$.

Using the results from \cite[Theorem 2.2]{elkthom} again, we know that there exists a non-trivial word $v_k \in {\mathbf F}^{(k)}$ of length bounded from above by roughly $2^{11k/6}$. Applying this with $k= \lfloor 5 \log_9 (2) \cdot \log_2 (\log_2(n)) + C \rfloor$ for some suitable constant $C$, we obtain a word of length bounded by $2^C \cdot \log_2(n)^{ 5 \log_9 (2) \cdot 11/6}$ that is a law for the image $\alpha(G)$ of $G$ in $\prod_p {\rm Aut}(V(p))$. Note that $5 \log_9 (2) \cdot 11/6 \leq 3$.

Burnside showed (see for example \cite[Chapter 5, Theorem 1.4]{MR0231903}) that the kernel of the map from ${\rm Aut}(N(p))$ to ${\rm GL}_{m(p)}(p)$ is a $p$-group and thus, the group $\ker(\alpha \colon G \to {\rm Aut}(N))$ is nilpotent. Clearly, the size of the kernel is also bounded by $n$. Thus, we apply Proposition \ref{nil} to obtain a law of length bounded by $O(\log(n)^{3/2})$ for the kernel. Altogether, we can now use Lemma \ref{ext} to obtain a word of length bounded by $O(\log(n)^{9/2})$ that works for all solvable groups of size at most $n$.

In other words, we have proved the following proposition:

\begin{proposition} \label{sol}
For every $n \in {\mathbb N}$ there exists a word $v_n \in {\mathbf F}_2$ of length bounded by $O(\log(n)^{9/2})$ which is a law for all solvable groups of size at most $n$.
\end{proposition}

Let us remark, that the analysis from above showed that any solvable group of size $n$ has solvability class bounded by $O(\log \log(n))$. This was known from work of Glasby \cite{glasby}. However, Glasby's estimates are not sufficient to establish Proposition \ref{sol} in this form.
It is easy to see that this double-logarithmic bound is actually sharp. Indeed, the 2-Sylow subgroup of ${\rm Sym}(2^n)$ is the $n$-fold iterated wreath product of ${\mathbb Z}/2{\mathbb Z}$. Its cardinality is $2^{2^n-1}$ and its solvability class is equal to $n$.

\section{Semi-simple groups}

Let us first discuss finite non-abelian simple groups before we come to semi-simple groups.
\begin{proposition} \label{simple}
Let $n \in {\mathbb N}$. There exists a non-trivial word $w_n \in {\mathbf F}_2$ of length bounded by $O(n/\log(n)^2)$ that is a law for all finite non-abelian simple groups of size at most $n$.
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
This uses the CFSG. The worst case in terms of length of laws is the family ${\rm PSL}_2(q)$ with $q=p^k$ some prime power.
It is well-known that the group ${\rm PSL}_2(p^k)$ admits a law of length $O(p^k)$. Indeed, it is easy to see that every element of ${\rm PSL}_2(p^k)$ has order dividing either $p^{k}-1,p$ or $p^k+1$, corresponding to the diagonalizable, the unipotent, and the irreducible case. Thus, combining $a^{p^{k}-1}, a^{p}$ and $a^{p^k+1}$ using Lemma \ref{commut} yields a law for ${\rm PSL}_2(p^k)$ of length $O(p^k)$, where the implied constant does neither depend on $p$ nor $k$.
At the same time the group ${\rm PSL}_2(p^k)$ and has size roughly $p^{3k}$. Combining all such laws for pairs $(p,k)$ with $p^{3k} \leq n$ using Lemma \ref{commut}, we obtain a law with the desired bound on the length. Indeed, it is an easy consequence of the prime number theorem that there are at most $O(n^{1/3}/\log(n))$ prime powers less than $n^{1/3}$. Thus, we obtain a law of length $O( (n^{1/3}/\log(n))^2 n^{1/3})$. This proves the claim for finite simple groups of the form ${\rm PSL}_2(q)$.

For all other families the maximal element order of the group is bounded by $O(n^{1/4})$ by results summarized in work of Kantor-Seress \cite{MR2531224}. Indeed, this is well-known for ${\rm Alt}(n)$, by a classical result of Landau, the maximal order of an element in ${\rm Alt}(n)$ is bounded by $\exp(c (n \log(n))^{1/2})$, for some small and explicit constant.

The following table summarizes the situation for families of classical Chevalley groups of unbounded rank (twisted or untwisted). The first row contains a lower bound for the size of the group (up to a universal multiplicative factor), the second row contains an upper bound for the maximal element order (again up to some universal multiplicative factor). All information about the maximal element order is taken from the exposition  in \cite{MR2531224}.

$$
\begin{array}{c|cccccccccc}
&{\rm A}_d(q)&{}^2{\rm A}_d(q^2)&{\rm B}_d(q)&{\rm C}_d(q)&{\rm D}_d(q)&{}^2{\rm D}_d(q^2)\\
\hline
\mbox{size} &q^{d^2+2d}/d& q^{d^2+2d}/d &q^{2d^2+d}& q^{2d^2+d} &q^{2d^2-d}  &q^{2d^2-d} \\
\mbox{meo} &q^{d}& q^{d} &q^d& q^d & q^d &q^d
\end{array}
$$

We now come to the families of bounded rank. These contain twisted forms of classical Chevalley groups that only exist in small rank, exceptional Chevalley groups (twisted and untwisted) and Suzuki-Ree groups. Our material stems again from \cite{MR2531224}.

$$
\begin{array}{c|cccccccccc}
&{}^2{\rm B}_2(q)&{}^3{\rm D}_4(q^3)& {\rm F}_4(q)&{}^2 {\rm F}_4(q)& {\rm E}_6(q) &{}^2{\rm E}_6(q^2) & {\rm E}_7(q) & {\rm E}_8(q)  & {\rm G}_2(q) &{}^2{\rm G}_2(q)\\
\hline
\mbox{size} &q^5&q^{28}&q^{52} &q^{26}& q^{78} &q^{78}& q^{133} &q^{248}  & q^{14} &q^7\\
\mbox{meo} &q&q^4&q^4 &q^{2}& q^6 &q^6& q^7 & q^8 &q^2 &q
\end{array}
$$
We easily see that the only case for which the maximal element order cannot be bounded by $O(n^{1/4})$ is ${\rm A}_1(q)={\rm PSL}_2(q)$. Since we are only interested in asymptotic bounds, we can ignore sporadic groups and Tits' group.

Thus, we can apply Lemma \ref{commut} to the list $a,a^2,\dots,a^{Cn^{1/4}}$ for some suitable constant $C$ in order to obtain a law of length $O(n^{3/4})$ that applies to all simple groups of size at most $n$ and different from ${\rm PSL}_2(q)$.
Combining now the law for ${\rm PSL}_2(q)$ and the law for the remaining families using Lemma \ref{commut} again, we can finish the proof.
\end{proof}

The study of semi-simple groups goes back to the work of Fitting, see \cite{fitting} for the original reference.
Recall, an isotypical semi-simple group (in the sense of Fitting) is a group $G$ which fits into a chain of inclusions
$$H^k \subset G \subset {\rm Aut}(H) \wr {\rm Sym}(k),$$
where $k$ is a positive integer, the group ${\rm Sym}(k)$ acts on $k$ points, and  $H$ is some finite non-abelian simple group. Let $G$ be an iso-typical semi-simple group of size at most $n$. Denote by $m$ the size of $H$. It is clear that  $m^k \leq n$ and hence $k \leq \log(n)$. Note that the group ${\rm Aut}(H) \wr {\rm Sym}(k)$ fits into an extension
$$1 \to {\rm Aut}(H)^k \to {\rm Aut}(H) \wr {\rm Sym}(k) \to {\rm Sym}(k) \to 1.$$
By a result of Kozma and the author \cite{kozthom} there exists group law for ${\rm Sym}(k)$ of length bounded by $\exp(C \log(k)^4 \log \log(k)).$ This result also relies on the CFSG. For the purpose of this proof, we can work with an explicit law of length bounded by $\exp(C (k \log(k))^{1/2})$, see \cite{brm} or \cite{kozthom} for a discussion.
Moreover, the automorphism group ${\rm Aut}(H)$ of a non-abelian finite simple group $H$ fits into an exact sequence
$$1 \to H \to {\rm Aut}(H) \to {\rm Out}(H) \to 1,$$ where the group ${\rm Out}(H)$ solvable of class $3$. This assertion is usually called Schreier's Conjecture and was only proved as a consequence of the CFSG. Thus, if $H$ admits a law of length bounded by $O(m/\log(m)^2)$ by Proposition \ref{simple}, then Lemma \ref{ext} allows to construct a law of length bounded by $O(m/\log(m)^2)$ also for ${\rm Aut}(H)$. Note that this will also be a law for ${\rm Aut}(H)^k$. Using Lemma \ref{ext} again, we can combine this with the law for ${\rm Sym}(k)$ and obtain a law for $G$.
The length will be bounded by
$$O(m \log(m)^{-2} \exp(C (k \log(k))^{1/2}),$$
where the construction only depended on $m$ and $k$.
We treat the case $k=1,m=n$ and $k =\log(n),m=n^{1/2}$ separately and combine the results using  Lemma \ref{commut}.
Note that each isotypical semi-simple group of cardinality less or equal $n$ will be covered by one of the two cases, since if $k \geq 2$ implies $m \leq n^{1/2}$. Thus, the resulting word will be a law for all isotypical semi-simple groups of size at most $n$.
It is easy to see that the dominating contribution comes from $k=1,m=n$. This proves Proposition \ref{simple} for isotypical semi-simple groups.

A group is called semi-simple (in the sense of Fitting) if it does not contain any non-trivial abelian normal subgroups, see for example \cite[p. 89]{MR1357169} for a modern reference. (Note that the term {\it semi-simple} is ambiguously used in group theory.) By a result of Fitting, a general semi-simple group $G$ is contained in a product of isotypical semi-simple groups $G_{(H,k)}$, where $H^k \subset G_{(H,k)} \subset {\rm Aut}(H) \wr S_k$ and also $H^k \subset G$.
Since all bounds depended only on the fact that $|H^k| \leq |G|$, the proof of Proposition \ref{simple} for isotypical semi-simple groups extends verbatim to the case of general semi-simple groups.

Thus, we can summarize our analysis as follows.
\begin{proposition} \label{semi-simple}
Let $n \in {\mathbb N}$. There exists a non-trivial word $w_n \in {\mathbf F}_2$ of length bounded by $O(n/\log(n)^2)$ that is a law for all finite semi-simple groups of size at most $n$.
\end{proposition}

This finishes the discussion of the case of semi-simple groups.

\section{General case}

We are now ready to prove our main result. The general case is done by combining our results for solvable and for semi-simple groups. By a result of Fitting \cite{fitting}, every finite group has a solvable normal subgroup such that the quotient is semi-simple.

Let $G$ be a finite group of size at most $n$ with solvable normal subgroup $S$ and semi-simple quotient $L:=G/S$. Clearly, either $|S| \leq \log(n)^{9/2}$ or $|L| \leq n/\log(n)^{9/2}$. We apply Lemma \ref{ext} in both situations and combine the laws that we obtain from Proposition \ref{sol} and Proposition \ref{semi-simple}. In the first case, a word of length bounded by $O(\log(\log(n)^{9/2})^{9/2} \cdot n \log(n)^{-2})$ exists that serves as a law. In the second case, we obtain a word of length bounded by $O(\log(n)^{9/2} \cdot n/\log(n)^{9/2}  \log(n/\log(n)^{9/2})^{-2}) = O(n \log(n/\log(n)^{9/2})^{-2})$.
Combining the two cases using Lemma \ref{commut}, we obtain a word of length $O(n \log\log(n)^{9/2}/\log(n)^2)$ and claim that it is a law for all groups of size at most $n$.
Indeed, any finite group of size at most $n$ will satisfy one of the two conditions -- finally, this proves our main theorem.
\begin{theorem} \label{main}
For every $n \in {\mathbb N}$ there exists a non-trivial word $w_n \in {\mathbf F}_2$ of length $$O\left(\frac{n\log\log(n)^{9/2}}{\log(n)^{2}} \right)$$ that is a law for all finite groups of size at most $n$. In particular, the length of $w_n$ is sublinear in $n$.
\end{theorem}

Note that the law that is constructed in the proof of the previous theorem is a completely explicit combination of powers and commutators -- the construction itself does not depend on the CFSG. Note also that the proof depends on the CFSG only in using the following two facts:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(i)] The order of elements in a non-abelian simple group $G$ different from ${\rm PSL}_2(p^k)$ is bounded from above by $O(|G|^{1/4})$.
\item[(ii)] The outer automorphism group of a non-abelian finite simple group is solvable of class at most $3$.
\end{enumerate}

In Theorem \ref{main}, there is room for improvement in the factor $\log\log(n)^{9/2}$ (even though we were not able to remove it completely) and we believe that $n/\log(n)^2$ is close to the truth, i.e., that the result in Theorem \ref{main} is almost sharp.
However, it seems notoriously difficult to prove non-trivial lower bounds for the length of laws. This problem also arises in the study of the symmetric group, see \cite{kozthom}, where the best known lower bounds for the length of a law for ${\rm Sym}(n)$ are still linear in $n$. In that direction it would also be very interesting to determine if the bounds in the proof of Proposition \ref{simple} are sharp. This is of interest since ${\rm Sym}(n)$ contains ${\rm PSL}_2(p^k)$ for all $p^k<n$ and hence, a result in this direction would provide a non-trivial lower bound for the length of laws of ${\rm Sym}(n)$. However, any of this seems currently out of reach.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

This research was supported by ERC Starting Grant No.\ 277728. I thank Martin Kassabov for interesting discussions on this topic and helpful comments on this paper. I thank Laci Pyber for pointing out the work of Glasby \cite{glasby}.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
iGreen, The Aviation Museum Made from CDs & DVDs
Before storing movies and music on iCloud became the "in" thing in the net, CDs and DVDs was used and it is still utilized in creating copies of programs and files. But since they are classified hardware, they are likely to be thrown away and end up in our landfills thus contributing in the million of trashes filling them up and polluting our environment. That's why, MINIWIZ Sustainable Energy Development LTD. came up with an eco-value plan and that is to create aviation out of CDs and DVDs.
iGreen is an "an aviation museum featuring a 5D movie theater that will act as the centerpiece to Dream World park near Shanghai" as according to Inhabitat.com. "At a diameter of 50 meters the globe will be one of the largest spherical structures in the world, and it will be constructed using 100% recycled CDs and DVDs. In addition to housing the museum complex, iGreen will create a microclimate allowing tropical plants flourish."
The iGreen design was told to withstand any calamities including typhoon-strength gusts, acid rain, and UV radiation, and is being look forward as one of China's most impressive landmarks. "Normally extravagant structures like iGreen come at a steep premium," said Donald Saga Head of Project Management "Using up-cycled materials, modularization and speedy construction we were able to make this a commercially viable effort."
The iGreen 5D Entertainment Center will be built at Shanghai and will be "World's First 5D Spherical Eco-Theater, embedded with an enchanted botanical garden and translucent canopy skin made from recycled DVDs & CDs" as described in their official website, miniwiz.com.
"Our firm has an unusual genetic makeup: structural engineers, architects, chemical engineers, and manufacturing specialists lean over the same problem set, creating never-before-seen interdisciplinary solutions," stated Jarvis Liu, R&D director at Miniwiz.
The same as MINIWIZ, TonerGreen also works to contribute to energy conservation, sustainability, and environmental responsibility by offering environmentally responsible printing solutions including U.S.-made remanufactured toner cartridges and remanufactured inkjet cartridges.
Labels: aviation museum, eco-friendly building, iGreen, iGreen 5D Entertainment Center


text:
September 2, 2022 September 2, 2022 Syp
Mortal Engines (2018) — You will believe that a city can get horrible gas mileage
"We have to stop London before it destroys us."
Justin's rating: That's one old Twinkie
Justin's review: Mortal Engines kicks off with a Mad Max-like chase across a post-apocalyptic wasteland as a superior predator seeks to devour weaker prey. However, instead of pimped-out muscle cars, here we have mobile cities belching smoke and running down each other to feed upon them.
Yup, cities on wheels. Transforming cities, mind you. This is what the end of the world has wrought.
There's no way that this concept didn't come about because of a bad pizza binge and subsequent unhinged dreams. I've never read the novels this was based on, but everyone here seems all-in on a ridiculous premise that I have to admit is kind of cool. Steampunk cities roving the earth and snarfing up the remaining resources? Written and produced by Lord of the Rings' Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh? Even though I knew it got kicked around at the box office, I heard testimonies that said this film deserves a second look. Or a first, from me.
This is set some time after the "Sixty Minutes War" wherein humanity unleashed weapons more powerful than nuclear weapons and cracked the planet beyond recognition. While in one movie the apocalypse was partially thwarted by an inventor creating an endlessly running train, here, it's an inventor who decided that urban sprawl simply needed wheels and combustion engine to thrive.
In the "traction city" of London, one of the biggest of the world, not all is well. The city is running out of resources and Hugo Weaving's got a really bad beard. Also, he's an evil mayor who wants to use his city to destroy the non-Transformer cities out there. Standing between him and planet-ripping conquest is an assistant historian named Tom and a scarred girl in a mask named Hester.
Kicked out of London, Tom and Hester create an uneasy alliance to navigate the wasteland and, somehow, get back to the city. This means harpoons, airships, slavers, and other massive vehicles that are turning what's left of the world into a muddy demolition derby.
Not only is the setting uniquely weird but the aesthetics of Mortal Engines makes for some delicious eye candy. The cities have a cool retro-futuristic steampunk, with repurposed technology from our age coupled with gearworks and belching smokestacks. If you can shut off your mind, there's a visual spectacle here that's up there with a really good video game cutscene.
The problem is that this two-plus hour film needs a little more than eye candy to sustain it. And here is where Mortal Engines falters, because the plot and incidences are simply not that deep. I've seen the same post-apocalyptic journey and tropes too many times, albeit with much lower budgets. The two leads are adequate for the material but don't leave an impression that lasts past the end credits.
I'll give it this one thing: There is an undead cyborg, a development that comes out of nowhere but is greeted with open arms by me.
Plot, visuals, characters — if you give me two, we have a good time. Three, we are in business. But just one? It can't be done. I'm sorry, but it can't. Maybe I can throw Mortal Engines a bone here and admit that the action and soundtrack are pretty groovy. But it's another one of those modern visual spectacles hoping that it can distract you with sweeping camera movements and CGI bluster so that you won't notice that this is as shallow as a lot of post-apoc films from yesteryear.
SUPER GROWLY OPENING NARRATION
Those cities transform too fast to be safe for pedestrians
Dreamworks' Minions are "American deities." Sigh.
"The Screen Age"
Mind the Drop and Keep Calm and Keep Moving notices
Those are some big honking chainsaws
For a guy who got stabbed, the mayor is pretty mobile
Movies REALLY like talking about drinking your own urine
Twinkies last forever: "Best before 2118"
Algae tea
Hey, undead cyborgs, this isn't a bad development
About time someone started opening up with a shotgun around here
Boot knife to the forehead
Give a cyborg a rope, and he'll take down an airship
Previous Road to Perdition (2002) — Who's buying Tom Hanks as a gangster?
Next Road Trip (2000) — Breaking no traffic laws whatsoever


text:
Concert review: Fear Factory LIVE at the Culture Room
Fear Factory NEVER fails me.
Everyone who knows me knows that while I am a music aficionado to the max there are maybe a handful of bands/artists who I truly invest my time into financially and physically in terms of seeing them live no many how many times they are in town to perform.
Fear Factory is definitely one of them.
For those who know me especially, I don't claim to be a "metal head" cause God knows I hate labels. I do love hard rock/metal music and have been passionate about that genre for at least 15 years. Weird being an African-American man you don't see much guys on my side of the fence with that kind of affinity for that genre of music.
But then again most people don't know the strength and power of this band.
I don't know how many times I've seen FF play LIVE (somewhere between 8-11) in the last 8 years. But they seem to get better with age and last night was no different.
Opening up with the first 3 songs straight off my favorite LP 'Obsolete' they came out and crushed the Culture Room with Shock/Edgecrusher/Smasher Devourer.
The pattern I found through this show unlike other times seeing them live was this was the first time I've seen Fear Factory perform BEFORE an album release. Normally when you see a band live and they're already months beyond the album's birth you get to hear maybe 2-3 new songs. Long time fans were not disappointed though cause even though they played their new single "Recharger" in the middle of the set Fear Factory stuck to an old school set (minus material from Archetype/Transgression).
But we wont go there. Too much band drama for one blog.
They continued the set with 2-3 songs off of Digimortal, 3 songs off Demanufacture (crushed it with Self Bias Resister) and of course the classic "Martyr off their 1992 debut "Soul Of a New Machine" before closing with their biggest hit "Replica" off of Obsolete (my personal favorite LP).
Funniest moment of the show was when guitarist Dino Cazeres asked the crowd "what happened to the Heat"? Of course he was referring to the Miami Heat losing Game 4 to the Knicks hours before.
Of course the South Florida natives booed him for that comment.
All in all a tremendous performance by the band who are yet going through another lineup change. New bassist in Matt DeVries of Chimaira fame and a temp drummer replacing the great Gene Hoglan.
Whatever the case is, Burton C. Bell and Dino Cazeres is good enough to keep this legendary band going. I don't know how much juice this band left in them seeing they've been doing this for 20 years but whatever it is they are still strong and their sound continues to keep metal fans like myself happy and satisfied.
Legends in their own right.
Shoutout to my wife Lauren for attending the show with me and my homeboy James for another Fear Factory adventure. Here is the video of the opening number 'Shock' he filmed.


text:
Women's Football: Fighting For A Level Playing Field
The FIFA Women's World Cup in France has come to a close and most will see it as a resounding success. However, has tournament fever covered up issues in the women's game?
There have been goals galore (notably the USA's 13-0 drumming of Thailand), outstanding goalkeeping (a special mention for Chile's Christiane Endler) and, of course, VAR controversy. For England, it was semi-final heartbreak once again. The Lionesses came fourth – matching the men's performance last summer – after losing 2-1 to Sweden in the third-place playoff.
The final whistle blew on the tournament last week Sunday, with the USA beating the Netherlands 2-0 to retain their crown. Almost 58,000 fans attended the match at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais while millions more watched at home. Throughout the tournament, people around the world have been captivated, with record TV audiences in many countries, including Brazil, China, Italy and the UK.
Improvements on the pitch and growing interest off of it suggest that women's football is catching up with the men's game; however, is that really the case?
France 2019 has provided the players with facilities fit for professionals. In contrast, four years ago in Canada, matches were played on artificial turf. Before the tournament, players protested, calling the surface unsafe and claiming their male counterparts would never be expected to play on it. Despite threatening to boycott the tournament, the players eventually backed down, with Tatjana Haenni, the Head of Women's Competitions at FIFA, saying there was no alternative.
For their clubs, female players tend to be separate from the men and do not have access to luxuries, such as private jets and 5-star training facilities. Lyon is the exception to this in Europe. The French club integrated their male and female teams back in 2004 and it has been reaping the rewards ever since – 13 Division 1 Féminine league titles in a row and 4 consecutive Champions League trophies.
2. Attendance
Records haven't only been broken at the World Cup. During the 2018/19 season, Lyon, Juventus and Atletico Madrid hosted women's football matches and welcomed crowds of 25,907, 39,000 and 60,739, respectively. We see attendances like these at men's matches, so is women's football now just as popular? Not necessarily.
To ensure high attendances, the three clubs took special measures, such as extensively advertising the matches and making thousands of free and cut-price tickets available. As a result, there are concerns that these numbers wouldn't be sustained. Additionally, average attendances at matches in Europe's top women's leagues in England, France and Germany have dropped below 1,000.
It is also striking that, even at the World Cup, empty seats were seen at some matches.
Much of the pre-tournament discussion focussed on the huge disparity in prize money set aside by football's international governing body, FIFA, for the men's and women's World Cups. Last summer in Russia, £315m was split between 32 teams while, in France, 24 teams will share £24m – a difference of £291m.
At the end of the day, both sets of players were representing their countries at a World Cup – what reason is there to pay one more than the other? The Australian footballer's union has repeatedly pleaded with FIFA to start paying male and female players equally. Meanwhile, former USA goalkeeper, Hope Solo told the BBC: "It tells me that male chauvinism is entrenched in our global federation."
The higher payment of male players is even more absurd when you consider how much they'll be earning with their clubs. In contrast, some of the players who competed in France will not receive a salary for playing football and will have had to make massive sacrifices to be there.
Female players are not receiving fair treatment from their national federations either. Despite being the best team in the world, 28 USA players have taken US Soccer to court over unequal pay and working conditions. Elsewhere, Argentina's women – who were without a coach and played no matches between 2015 and 2017 – had to fight to be paid $8.50 (£6.70) a day to train. Public pressure eventually forced the Argentinian Football Association to subsidise one-year contracts (worth just $330 a month) for eight members of the team.
If Lionel Messi had refused to play at the World Cup last year, fans and the media would've been up in arms. This just happened in the women's game. Lyon striker, Ada Hegerberg, won the first Ballon d'Or féminine in December but wasn't in Norway's World Cup squad. The 23-year-old quit her national team in 2017 and vowed not to return until the women have equality. If players need to do this, something is very wrong.
Encouragingly, change is already coming. Next season, the English Football Association will trial double-headers, as well as a series of stand-alone matches, at men's stadiums to build on the momentum generated by the World Cup. Additionally, Barclays will sponsor the Women's Super League and the Premier League could take it over, which will bring more money, including the first official prize-money for the champions. Hopefully, other countries will follow England's lead.
Gender inequality, like racism, is a social issue that is not unique to football or sport – it affects people's everyday lives. However, as the sport with the biggest following in the world, football has a responsibility to set an example and the power to make a difference. Currently, the sport has a long way to go, with female players receiving far from equal treatment but, on the back of a successful World Cup, football has a great opportunity to make change happen.
Smart Initiatives Help Prevent Small Town Homelessness
William Wilde
Viral Videos – A Modern Day Form Of Activism
Sexism: A Pocket History
Alice Cattley
Social Entrepreneurship Reintegrating Ex-Offenders Into Society
Greta Thunberg: A Voice Of A Generation


Sunday 19th July 1545 was the day that the Mary Rose, flagship of King Henry VIII's fleet, sank off Portsmouth 34 years after coming into service. In 1971 the wreck was located, raised and is now a museum that attracts visitors from across the world.
The actual reason why she sank remains a matter for deep discussion. The only confirmed eyewitness account of the sinking says that she had fired all of her guns on one side and was turning when she was caught in a strong gust of wind. Other accounts agree that she was turning, but offer various reasons why she sank during the manoeuvre.
Although there is no archaeological evidence from the wreck to confirm this, a French cavalry officer present at the battle stated that the Mary Rose had been sunk by French guns. A cannonball low in the hull would have let water to flood in, making the ship unstable and leading to her sinking. Perhaps this was why the ship turned north so suddenly. Was she aiming to reach the 'Spitbank' shallows which were only a few hundred meters away?
A fourth suggestion is that she was overloaded with heavy guns and/or with extra soldiers. If this was the case, a strong gust of wind could have heeled her over into the sea. However, the guns had been put aboard in London so she had managed to get round the Kent coast, and along the English Channel, without mishap so why did she topple in the Solent? All we know is that we probably never will know why it happened – but that's the perennial challenge presented by so much of our history!
There are many questions – and as many may-be answers – that go with this story. For instance – why was the ship named as it was? The second part of the flagship's name is believed to refer to the Tudor rose, the emblem of Henry VIII's house – but what about 'Mary'? That name could refer to the Virgin Mary, but it is more commonly seen as a reference to Henry VIII's sister Mary who was the wife of King Louis XII of France. We'll never know!


text:
Asher Lev's Crucifixion Paintings As An Act Of Disrespect Towards His Parents
Asher Lev paints against the values of his family and community. He disregards Jewish traditions and observance by pursuing his passion for art. His individuality has him disobeying the Rebbe, the mashphia, his mythic ancestor as well as his parents. Asher does not intend for his artwork to be harmful, but that they convey truths and feelings. Yet, the Brooklyn Crucifixions cause shame for his observant Jewish parents. In that way, he disrespects their teachings and wishes. He challenges the Jewish belief on modesty in creating nude works and disturbs the Hasidic community in his Christian imagery. Worst of all ...view middle of the document...
The father appears to be the one who should be feared the most. Other characters suggest this, for example, Asher's teacher who says,"What will your father say if he saw this?" in regards to the picture of the Rebbe Asher drew in his Chumash. His mother is more supportive of Asher and just wants him and his father to get along. After finishing their journey for the Rebbe, she says " I want you and your father to be friends", The tension between Asher and his father is evident throughout the story. When his parents finish travelling for the Rebbe and return to the apartment, their relationship is more distant. When his father sees the paintings in the New York museum, he is in such extreme shock and anger that he says nothing to Asher but gives him a look. "His face wore an expression of awe and rage and bewilderment and sadness all at the same time." Asher's father feels ultimately disgraced by Asher. He does not want to believe that it is his son for no son of Aryeh Lev could be that disrespectful.
Asher deeply cares for his mother and does not want to upset her, but he disobeys her anyway. At four years old he is encouraged by her to "draw pretty things", which is in contrast to Jacob Kahn's advice to draw with passion. Asher's mother already suspects that there would be something in the Museum that Asher would be afraid to reveal to them. Asher looks at his mother and takes her by the hand to comfort her before the damage will be done. "Her hand was cold and moist" suggest that it is too late to stop the 'suffering and shame' soon to be endured. When Asher's mother sees the Cruxifixion paintings, like the father, she is too upset that she barely ounces a word to Asher. The silences from Asher's parents are because of 'suffering and shame' that is inflicted from his disrespect towards them.
Asher's paintings not only profoundly effect his parents, but they are also viewed upon negatively by the community. The community's reactions compile of many instances of silences and whispers in the Museum. It is as though they are singling out Asher from his parents. The community of Jews, as well as goyims, is acknowledging Asher's rebellion and individuality. Those who mostly dislike or find the paintings atrocious would be the orthodox Jews, such as Asher's parents. Hushed whispers is converted into silences when Asher' parents are noticed looking at the paintings. It is obvious that Asher has violated the standard of Jewish religion by depicting his parents in a Christian-based painting. The community is shocked by this and can see the Jewish shame. Readers note the feeling of eyes, stares and silences repeating motifs. The public stares and points out that," That's them." In the elevator, a man also stares at Asher and his parents. Eyes often tell a story; it is able to reveal happiness, sadness, excitement or boredom. In the museum, the eyes and stares reflect Asher's shame upon his parents.
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Last Year, Mr. Smith Was Involved in an Automobile Accident, Severely Injuring His Legs. as a Part of a Long-Term Rehabilitation Process, His Physician Prescribes a Daily Routine of Swimming. Because...
1778 words - 8 pages Case: Last year, Mr. Smith was involved in an automobile accident, severely injuring his legs. As a part of a long-term rehabilitation process, his physician prescribes a daily routine of swimming. Because there is not readily available public facility nearby, Mr. Smith purchases a house with a pool for $175,000. Replacing the pool would cost $20,000. The existing pool increases the fair market value of the house by $8,000. Mr. Smith
Migi Moreno as a Representative of His Constituents
856 words - 4 pages FAST2010 Batch Student Government President during his first year, Vice President for Alliances of the Samahan ng mga Mag-Aaral ng Sikolohiya during his second year, and President of the LaSallian Scholars Society during his third year. Also, he was an exchange student at the National University of Singapore in 2012. As he entered Starbucks, he greeted me with a smile. Immediately after his arrival, we started the interview. He willingly answered
September 11 Was Mass Murder, Not An Act Of War
839 words - 4 pages As we reflect upon the terrifying events of 11 September 2001, we are haunted by analogies from our past. But historical analogies require careful examination, for choosing among them influences the way we will think, speak, and act. Commentators have compared the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon to Pearl Harbor, because both attacks came without warning. With Pearl Harbor as the primary analog, the attacks on New York and
An Exploratory Study Of The Asian Youth Markets Behaviour Towards Asian Tour Operators
3133 words - 13 pages : "An exploratory study of the Asian youth markets behaviour towards Asian tour operators"1. Research problem:The outline of the problem is that Asian tour operators are hugely attracting the older Asian generation, and are unable to draw the youth Asian generation to their holiday products.In brief, it can be said that this issue is as a result of increased competition within the tourism industry and also as a result of cultural influences and
Seamus Justin Heaney, An Overview Of His Life And Accomplishments
535 words - 3 pages at a college of education, and a year teaching in a secondary modern school, he was appointed to the staff of St Joseph's College of Education. In 1966 Seamus Heaney took up a lecturing post in the English Department of Queen's University, and remained there until 1972, spending the academic year 1970-71 as a visiting Professor at the University of California. In 1972 Seamus Heaney stopped teaching in order to devote more time to his writing, and
"The Duke Of Somerset'S Policy Towards The War With Scotland Was The Main Cause Of His Downfall". Assess The Validity Of This Statement
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You are a lord among lords — a mighty baron commanding a company of loyal men sworn to your banner. You've cut a red swath to the very pinnacle of medieval society. What now?
Book of the Warlord presents an unprecedented look at the workings of the greater nobility during the tumultuous reign of Uther Pendragon, the Anarchy that follows it, and the rise of Arthur the Boy King. From details on the prime movers at court to rules concerning baronial rights, holdings, armies, liberties, and temptations, it is the definitive guide to living large in the Early Phase of the Great Pendragon Campaign — itself widely hailed as one of the seminal works in the history of roleplaying games.
Players get a streamlined way to manage their enormous holdings, two new courtly solo scenarios, and an all-new mini-game for simulating Graft, that ever-present temptation for those in positions of power. Gamemasters get a ton of never-before-seen maps, an astonishing catalog of over 200 castles, rules for quickly generating warlord Gamemaster characters, and much more.
Made by and for fans of the award-winning King Arthur Pendragon roleplaying game, the must-have Book of the Warlord contains a true treasure trove of material for any medieval or fantasy roleplaying game.
Thanks Stewart, my first batch arrived and it looks like more are available in hard copy now. And apologies! To clarify, I meant the 5th / 5.1 editions.
Version 1.2 is the newly correct, updated edition. There's unlikely to be another update for a very long time!
Is this (1.2 version) the 'official one'? Or is it another one (like 1.3?) on the way?
Are you seeking recent KAP books that are available via POD on DTRPG, or do you mean pre-KAP 5.0 books from Chaosium and Green Knight? If you're specifically after WARLORD, then it will be available in print soon. The file was recently updated and we're awaiting a new proof copy before it's re-activated for print sales.
I'm interested in getting hard copies of some of the Pendragon supplements which are currently only available in pdf.
What's the best way to obtain these?
Erik, very sorry that the price is disagreeable. We did add a couple $ because this book prints in color, but even so it would have been $45. The true answer is that WARLORD took many months for Greg and a whole team of assistants to craft and it's simply impossible to create a book like this that bumps other product down the schedule and then not charge something akin to the time the book required to create. A 200-page book of fluff pieces written in 30 days even the best freelancer writer could be less costly, but this book is too dense and took too much time. You may not believe it, but at this price, considering the time this book required, WARLORD is a bargain.
Ok, thanks for takeing the time to reply back. I do understand what you're saying. I am a student these days, and haven't that much of a stable finance to rely on, hence my chagrin. I am gonna buy it, but prefer to take the chance of you and Nocturnal having a sale sometime in the future. Anyway, I do appreciate the fact that these kind of books still are being put together. And at the same time, I also much prefer the 1st edition Pendragon simplicity.
Extremely expensive HB book IMO. Why this price?
Thanks for reporting that, Doyle. We're investigating.
over a year later ... did investigation bear fruit? because the full-size preview is "Not found" today.
We tried a few options but everything was inexplicably buggy. I then put this aside for other matters since there hasn't been a big demand for the full-size preview. I'll put it back on the list of to-do's.
thanks for the lightning response! i got the gist from the smaller version (only gets as far as the TOC anyway). no doubt i'll be snapping it up soon enough; already catching up on most of the 5.1 materials.
The large preview does not appear to be working.


text:
Top stories from The Straits Times on Wednesday, Jan 2
Jan 2, 2019, 7:20 am SGT
http://str.sg/o6gP
Good morning! Here are our top stories to kick-start your Wednesday, Jan 2.
Foreign ministers of Singapore and Malaysia to meet on Jan 8 in the Republic
The foreign ministers of Singapore and Malaysia will meet in the Republic on Jan 8, said Singapore's Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Tuesday.
Malaysian Foreign Minister Saifuddin Abdullah was quoted by Malaysian media as saying the dispute over airspace would be on the agenda of the meeting. ST PHOTO: KEVIN LIM
Kim Jong Un warns of 'new path' if stalemate with US persists
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un declared his "strong will" towards denuclearisation in his annual New Year's Day address, but warned that he could "seek a new path" if the United States misjudges his patience.
In his annual New Year's Day address, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un said bilateral ties would propel ahead if the US were to "respond by taking trustworthy and corresponding, practical action". PHOTO: AFP
Car hit by fallen tree? NParks may cover claim
NParks says it has a public liability insurance policy which covers its legal liability for personal injury, loss or damage to property following a fallen tree incident.
The owners of the white Toyota Estima and silver Kia Rio, both of which were parked in Turf Club Road, managed to recover repair costs of more than $12,000 in total for the damage to their cars caused by a falling tree branch on May 27, 2017. PHOTO: POON POONG MOTORS
Heng Swee Keat to deliver 2019 Budget statement on Feb 18
It will be the fourth time Mr Heng, who took over as finance minister in 2015, is delivering the Budget statement.
The 2019 Budget statement will be delivered by Mr Heng Swee Keat on Feb 18. ST PHOTO: MARK CHEONG
Grading scheme for maid agencies runs into a snag
A planned scheme to grade maid employment agencies and boost the professionalism of the industry has been delayed for over a year after several issues were raised.
When the Trustmark scheme is ready, agencies will need to be graded by the Consumers Association of Singapore and the Manpower Ministry before they can renew their licences. ST PHOTO: KEVIN LIM
9 hurt after man rams car through famous street in Tokyo in New Year Day attack
A 21-year-old man in a rented car deliberately ploughed into pedestrians on Harajuku's Takeshita Street, which was closed to vehicles for the New Year, injuring nine people.
A car ploughed into crowds celebrating New Year's Day at a popular tourist area of Harajuku in Tokyo, Japan. PHOTO: REUTERS
The Lives They Live: She reached out to aids patients when no one would
At the former Middle Road Hospital, which handled Aids cases in 1985, two doctors resigned and 25 nurses asked to be transferred out of fear, but not Mrs Iris Verghese.
Mrs Iris Verghese was a health worker with the former Middle Road Hospital. Over the past three decades, she has counselled countless HIV/Aids patients and their families, as well as raised funds for HIV prevention. ST PHOTO: ALPHONSUS CHERN
Moneylenders test tech to read your social media feed to figure out if you get a loan
An algorithm that reads your social media feed, gets a fix on your digital personality and analyses your online interactions with people may determine if you get a loan.
The Law Ministry selected six firms last month to pilot new business models for moneylending while also temporarily lifting a 2012 moratorium on new licences needed to operate in the sector. PHOTO: REUTERS
Newsmakers and readers share their #firstmeal2019 with ST Food
Check out what newsmakers and readers had for their first meal in the new year, from milk tea and raisin bread to roti prata.
Consumer tech trends in 2019
The Straits Times looks at what's coming your way in consumer technology in the new year.
Samsung Electronics' senior vice-president of mobile product marketing Justin Denison unveiling the company's foldable smartphone in San Francisco on Nov 7, 2018. The foldable smartphone may actually become a thing this year. PHOTO: REUTERS


DS on a short for the mentalist on 9?
On a new movie called "Leap Year", they wreck yet another poor sad R4 in the name of entertainment. It does star in the shorts.
I caught a glimpse of the DS last week and my wife (who watches the show) says its the main characters daily drive.
Lovely to see a Citroen H van and a lovely little Renault R5 police car (driven with great enthusiasm) in Dirty Rotten Scoundrels last week on TV.
Could not believe my eyes today, the ads just before the weather on Ten news ran the new Renault ad for the megane. Prime time advertising by renault in Melbourne , thats a first.


The vines are grown on terraces at 80-200 metres above sea level, with exposure varying from east to south-west. The vine age ranges from fourteen to twenty-five years and the soils are a mix of sandstone and loam. The vineyards benefit from a sub-Mediterranean climate with a mixture of warm sea air and the influence of cold winds from the Alps. Grapes were harvested exclusively by hand.
On the nose there are notes of apple, grapefruit and lemon, as well as a pleasant floral aroma. Smooth and full-bodied on the palate, with a long finish.


This morning I got from Maine Department of Environmental Protection a list of mining sites in Maine and how many acres each site is permitted for. I sought out the info in writing about a proposed gravel pit expansion in Lamoine because I had been told the expanded pit would be pretty big, and I wanted to see just how it would compare to other similar mining sites in Maine.
According to DEP the expanded pit, if approved, would be the largest permitted mining site in Hancock County and in the top 20 for the state. The largest permitted mining site in Maine is a 345-acre quarry in Poland, while the largest permitted gravel pit in the state is a 238-acre site in the York County town of Dayton.
Other large mining sites in Maine include a 200-acre gravel pit in Hampden, a 231-acre gravel pit in New Gloucester, and a 163-acre quarry in Jonesboro. An 84-acre gravel pit in Hancock already operated by Harold MacQuinn Inc., the applicant for the proposed 110-acre pit in Lamoine, does not register in the top 25 largest permitted mining sites in Maine.
To see the top 25 list, click here. Note that even though the 110-acre site in Lamoine is on the list, the expanded pit has yet to be approved by DEP or the Lamoine planning board.


text:
package me.chanjar.weixin.cp.bean.message;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamConverter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamImplicit;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import me.chanjar.weixin.common.api.WxConsts;
import me.chanjar.weixin.common.error.WxRuntimeException;
import me.chanjar.weixin.common.util.XmlUtils;
import me.chanjar.weixin.common.util.xml.IntegerArrayConverter;
import me.chanjar.weixin.common.util.xml.LongArrayConverter;
import me.chanjar.weixin.common.util.xml.XStreamCDataConverter;
import me.chanjar.weixin.cp.config.WxCpConfigStorage;
import me.chanjar.weixin.cp.util.crypto.WxCpCryptUtil;
import me.chanjar.weixin.cp.util.json.WxCpGsonBuilder;
import me.chanjar.weixin.cp.util.xml.XStreamTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 *

 * 微信推送过来的消息,也是同步回复给用户的消息,xml格式
 * 相关字段的解释看微信开发者文档:
 * https://work.weixin.qq.com/api/doc#12973
 * https://work.weixin.qq.com/api/doc#12974
 *

 *
 * @author Daniel Qian
 */
@Data
@Slf4j
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class WxCpXmlMessage implements Serializable {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = -1042994982179476410L;

  /**
   * 使用dom4j解析的存放所有xml属性和值的map.
   */
  private Map<String, Object> allFieldsMap;

  ///////////////////////
  // 以下都是微信推送过来的消息的xml的element所对应的属性
  ///////////////////////

  @XStreamAlias("AgentID")
  private String agentId;

  @XStreamAlias("ToUserName")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String toUserName;

  @XStreamAlias("FromUserName")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String fromUserName;

  @XStreamAlias("CreateTime")
  private Long createTime;

  /**
   *

   * 当接受用户消息时,可能会获得以下值:
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#TEXT}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#IMAGE}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#VOICE}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#VIDEO}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#LOCATION}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#LINK}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#EVENT}
   * 当发送消息的时候使用:
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#TEXT}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#IMAGE}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#VOICE}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#VIDEO}
   * {@link WxConsts.XmlMsgType#NEWS}
   *

   */
  @XStreamAlias("MsgType")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String msgType;

  @XStreamAlias("Content")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String content;

  @XStreamAlias("MsgId")
  private Long msgId;

  @XStreamAlias("PicUrl")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String picUrl;

  @XStreamAlias("MediaId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String mediaId;

  @XStreamAlias("Format")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String format;

  @XStreamAlias("ThumbMediaId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String thumbMediaId;

  @XStreamAlias("Location_X")
  private Double locationX;

  @XStreamAlias("Location_Y")
  private Double locationY;

  @XStreamAlias("Scale")
  private Double scale;

  @XStreamAlias("Label")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String label;

  @XStreamAlias("Title")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String title;

  @XStreamAlias("Description")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String description;

  @XStreamAlias("Url")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String url;

  @XStreamAlias("Event")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String event;

  @XStreamAlias("UpdateDetail")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String updateDetail;

  @XStreamAlias("JoinScene")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String joinScene;

  @XStreamAlias("QuitScene")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String quitScene;

  @XStreamAlias("MemChangeCnt")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String memChangeCnt;

  @XStreamAlias("Source")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String source;

  @XStreamAlias("StrategyId")
  private String strategyId;

  @XStreamAlias("EventKey")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String eventKey;

  @XStreamAlias("Ticket")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String ticket;

  @XStreamAlias("Latitude")
  private Double latitude;

  @XStreamAlias("Longitude")
  private Double longitude;

  @XStreamAlias("Precision")
  private Double precision;

  @XStreamAlias("Recognition")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String recognition;

  @XStreamAlias("TaskId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String taskId;

  /**
   * 通讯录变更事件.
   * 请参考常量 me.chanjar.weixin.cp.constant.WxCpConsts.ContactChangeType
   */
  @XStreamAlias("ChangeType")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String changeType;

  /**
   * 变更信息的成员UserID.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("UserID")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String userId;

  /**
   * 变更信息的外部联系人的userid,注意不是企业成员的帐号.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("ExternalUserID")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String externalUserId;

  /**
   * 添加此用户的「联系我」方式配置的state参数,可用于识别添加此用户的渠道.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("State")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String state;

  /**
   * 欢迎语code,可用于发送欢迎语.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("WelcomeCode")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String welcomeCode;
  /**
   * 新的UserID,变更时推送(userid由系统生成时可更改一次).
   */
  @XStreamAlias("NewUserID")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String newUserId;

  /**
   * 成员名称.
   * 或者部门名称
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Name")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String name;

  /**
   * 成员部门列表,变更时推送,仅返回该应用有查看权限的部门id.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Department")
  @XStreamConverter(value = LongArrayConverter.class)
  private Long[] departments;

  /**
   * 主部门
   */
  @XStreamAlias("MainDepartment")
  private Long mainDepartment;

  /**
   * 手机号码.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Mobile")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String mobile;

  /**
   * 职位信息。长度为0~64个字节.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Position")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String position;

  /**
   * 群ID.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("ChatId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String chatId;

  /**
   * 性别,1表示男性,2表示女性.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Gender")
  private Integer gender;

  /**
   * 邮箱.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Email")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String email;

  /**
   * 企业邮箱;代开发自建应用不返回该字段。
   * ISSUE#2584
   *
   * @see Link
   */
  @XStreamAlias("BizMail")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String bizMail;

  /**
   * 头像url。注:如果要获取小图将url最后的"/0"改成"/100"即可.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Avatar")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String avatar;

  /**
   * 英文名.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("EnglishName")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String englishName;

  /**
   * 上级字段,标识是否为上级。0表示普通成员,1表示上级.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("IsLeader")
  private Integer isLeader;

  /**
   * 表示所在部门是否为上级,0-否,1-是,顺序与Department字段的部门逐一对应.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("IsLeaderInDept")
  @XStreamConverter(value = IntegerArrayConverter.class)
  private Integer[] isLeaderInDept;

  /**
   * 座机.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Telephone")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String telephone;

  /**
   * 地址.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Address")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String address;

  /**
   * 日程ID.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("ScheduleId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String scheduleId;

  /**
   * 日历ID.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("CalId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String calId;

  /**
   * 扩展属性.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("ExtAttr")
  private ExtAttr extAttrs = new ExtAttr();

  /**
   * 部门Id.
   * 或者客户联系回调标签/标签组id
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Id")
  @XStreamConverter(XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String id;

  /**
   * 父部门id.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("ParentId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String parentId;

  /**
   * 部门排序.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Order")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String order;

  /**
   * 标签Id.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("TagId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String tagId;

  /**
   * 标签中新增的成员userid列表,用逗号分隔.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("AddUserItems")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String addUserItems;

  /**
   * 标签中删除的成员userid列表,用逗号分隔.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("DelUserItems")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String delUserItems;

  /**
   * 标签中新增的部门id列表,用逗号分隔.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("AddPartyItems")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String addPartyItems;

  /**
   * 标签中删除的部门id列表,用逗号分隔.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("DelPartyItems")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String delPartyItems;

  /**
   * 客户联系回调: 客户接替失败的原因
   */
  @XStreamAlias("FailReason")
  @XStreamConverter(XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String failReason;

  /**
   * 客户联系回调: 标签类型
   */
  @XStreamAlias("TagType")
  @XStreamConverter(XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String tagType;

  ///////////////////////////////////////
  // 群发消息返回的结果
  ///////////////////////////////////////
  /**
   * 多个时间共用字段.
   * 1. 群发的结果.
   * 2. 通讯录变更事件
   * 激活状态:1=已激活 2=已禁用 4=未激活 已激活代表已激活企业微信或已关注微工作台(原企业号).
   * 3. 直播回调事件
   * 直播状态 ,0:预约中,1:直播中,2:已结束,4:已取消 (已过期状态目前没有回调)
   */
  @XStreamAlias("Status")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String status;

  /**
   * 直播ID
   */
  @XStreamAlias("LivingId")
  @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
  private String livingId;

  /**
   * group_id下粉丝数;或者openid_list中的粉丝数.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("TotalCount")
  private Integer totalCount;

  /**
   * 过滤.
   * (过滤是指特定地区、性别的过滤、用户设置拒收的过滤,用户接收已超4条的过滤)后,准备发送的粉丝数,原则上,filterCount = sentCount + errorCount
   */
  @XStreamAlias("FilterCount")
  private Integer filterCount;

  /**
   * 发送成功的粉丝数.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("SentCount")
  private Integer sentCount;

  /**
   * 发送失败的粉丝数.
   */
  @XStreamAlias("ErrorCount")
  private Integer errorCount;

  @XStreamAlias("ScanCodeInfo")
  private ScanCodeInfo scanCodeInfo = new ScanCodeInfo();

  @XStreamAlias("SendPicsInfo")
  private SendPicsInfo sendPicsInfo = new SendPicsInfo();

  @XStreamAlias("SendLocationInfo")
  private SendLocationInfo sendLocationInfo = new SendLocationInfo();

  /**
   * 审批消息
   *

   * 审批申请状态变化回调通知
   * https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/91815
   *

   * 自建应用审批状态变化通知回调
   * https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/90269
   */
  @XStreamAlias("ApprovalInfo")
  private WxCpXmlApprovalInfo approvalInfo = new WxCpXmlApprovalInfo();

  /**
   * From xml wx cp xml message.
   *
   * @param xml the xml
   * @return the wx cp xml message
   */
  protected static WxCpXmlMessage fromXml(String xml) {
    //修改微信变态的消息内容格式,方便解析
    xml = xml.replace("</PicList><PicList>", "");
    final WxCpXmlMessage xmlMessage = XStreamTransformer.fromXml(WxCpXmlMessage.class, xml);
    xmlMessage.setAllFieldsMap(XmlUtils.xml2Map(xml));
    return xmlMessage;
  }

  /**
   * From xml wx cp xml message.
   *
   * @param xml     the xml
   * @param agentId the agent id
   * @return the wx cp xml message
   */
  public static WxCpXmlMessage fromXml(String xml, String agentId) {
    //修改微信变态的消息内容格式,方便解析
    xml = xml.replace("</PicList><PicList>", "");
    final WxCpXmlMessage xmlMessage = fromXml(xml);
    xmlMessage.setAgentId(agentId);
    return xmlMessage;
  }

  /**
   * From xml wx cp xml message.
   *
   * @param is the is
   * @return the wx cp xml message
   */
  protected static WxCpXmlMessage fromXml(InputStream is) {
    return XStreamTransformer.fromXml(WxCpXmlMessage.class, is);
  }

  /**
   * 从加密字符串转换.
   *
   * @param encryptedXml      the encrypted xml
   * @param wxCpConfigStorage the wx cp config storage
   * @param timestamp         the timestamp
   * @param nonce             the nonce
   * @param msgSignature      the msg signature
   * @return the wx cp xml message
   */
  public static WxCpXmlMessage fromEncryptedXml(String encryptedXml, WxCpConfigStorage wxCpConfigStorage,
                                                String timestamp, String nonce, String msgSignature) {
    WxCpCryptUtil cryptUtil = new WxCpCryptUtil(wxCpConfigStorage);
    WxCpXmlMessage wxCpXmlMessage = fromXml(encryptedXml);
    String plainText = cryptUtil.decrypt(msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, encryptedXml);
    log.debug("解密后的原始xml消息内容:{}", plainText);
    if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(wxCpXmlMessage.getAgentId())) {
      return fromXml(plainText, wxCpXmlMessage.getAgentId());
    } else {
      return fromXml(plainText);
    }

  }

  /**
   * From encrypted xml wx cp xml message.
   *
   * @param is                the is
   * @param wxCpConfigStorage the wx cp config storage
   * @param timestamp         the timestamp
   * @param nonce             the nonce
   * @param msgSignature      the msg signature
   * @return the wx cp xml message
   */
  public static WxCpXmlMessage fromEncryptedXml(InputStream is, WxCpConfigStorage wxCpConfigStorage,
                                                String timestamp, String nonce, String msgSignature) {
    try {
      return fromEncryptedXml(IOUtils.toString(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8), wxCpConfigStorage, timestamp, nonce,
        msgSignature);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new WxRuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return WxCpGsonBuilder.create().toJson(this);
  }

  /**
   * The type Scan code info.
   */
  @Data
  @XStreamAlias("ScanCodeInfo")
  public static class ScanCodeInfo implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7420078330239763395L;

    /**
     * 扫描类型,一般是qrcode.
     */
    @XStreamAlias("ScanType")
    @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
    private String scanType;

    /**
     * 扫描结果,即二维码对应的字符串信息.
     */
    @XStreamAlias("ScanResult")
    @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
    private String scanResult;
  }

  /**
   * The type Ext attr.
   */
  @Data
  public static class ExtAttr implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3418685294606228837L;

    /**
     * The Items.
     */
    @XStreamImplicit(itemFieldName = "Item")
    protected final List<Item> items = new ArrayList<>();

    /**
     * The type Item.
     */
    @XStreamAlias("Item")
    @Data
    public static class Item implements Serializable {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = -3418685294606228837L;

      @XStreamAlias("Name")
      @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
      private String name;

      @XStreamAlias("Value")
      @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
      private String value;
    }
  }

  /**
   * The type Send pics info.
   */
  @Data
  @XStreamAlias("SendPicsInfo")
  public static class SendPicsInfo implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6549728838848064881L;

    /**
     * The Pic list.
     */
    @XStreamAlias("PicList")
    protected final List<Item> picList = new ArrayList<>();

    @XStreamAlias("Count")
    private Long count;

    /**
     * The type Item.
     */
    @XStreamAlias("item")
    @Data
    public static class Item implements Serializable {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = -6549728838848064881L;

      @XStreamAlias("PicMd5Sum")
      @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
      private String picMd5Sum;
    }
  }

  /**
   * The type Send location info.
   */
  @Data
  @XStreamAlias("SendLocationInfo")
  public static class SendLocationInfo implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6319921071637597406L;

    @XStreamAlias("Location_X")
    @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
    private String locationX;

    @XStreamAlias("Location_Y")
    @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
    private String locationY;

    @XStreamAlias("Scale")
    @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
    private String scale;

    @XStreamAlias("Label")
    @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
    private String label;

    @XStreamAlias("Poiname")
    @XStreamConverter(value = XStreamCDataConverter.class)
    private String poiName;

  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The daily celebration of the Eucharist is the focal point of our community. It is here that we are fed and strengthened and transformed into the Body of Christ. We, as one participate in the divine sacrifice and unite ourselves in union with Christ to the father as a sacrifice pleasing to him! We participate in the liturgy with deep devotion and full participation.
Our religious life is an intensive call to that perfect love of God and neighbor that was taught and lived by Jesus as the foremost of all commandments. It is therefore the primary concern of all of the sisters to grow in holiness daily under the impulse of the spirit in that same love of God.
The means we use to grow vary, but primarily consists of our daily reception of the Eucharist, the daily recitation of the Rosary, deep prayer and meditation, the recitation of The Divine Office in Common, spiritual reading and the frequent reception of the Sacraments.
We view community as a family of friends, consciously and deliberately built day by day. Our community life is sacrificial, as was Christ's entire life on earth, involving the daily laying down of ones own life for the sake of others. In the spirit of St. Augustine the father of our Rule we continually strive for profound humility, childlike simplicity, seraphic charity and devout prayer.


text:
Woman scarred for life after brutal attack from tattooed thug's dog
Ian Gough pleaded guilty to having a dog dangerously out of control and causing injury at Stoke-on-Trent Crown Court on 4 September
A dog owner from the Midlands has been jailed after his Staffordshire Bull Terrier launched a savage attack on a passerby.
Ian Gough pleaded guilty to having a dog dangerously out of control and causing injury at Stoke-on-Trent Crown Court on 4 September.
At around 5.30pm on 24 November last year, a woman was walking along Garden Street when she was attacked by the Staffordshire Bull Terrier-type dog owned by the 33-year-old.
Gough, of Compton House, Leek, has also banned from owning a dog for eight years and the Staffie was ordered to be destroyed.
The dog grabbed her right leg causing severe injuries which required a hospital admission and surgery.
She was left with extensive scarring.
In addition to his 19 month prison sentence, Gough was also banned from owning a dog for a period of eight years and the dog was ordered to be destroyed.
RSPCA Investigations
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Cruel thug
Moorlands Neighbourhood Policing Team deputy commander, Sgt Rob Peacock said: "The woman injured in this attack suffered horrific injuries. She was just walking down the road and did nothing to provoke the dog, which was dangerously out of control.
"Gough was unable to prevent the dog from running away from him and the consequence of this is that a woman has been scarred for life.
"Dog ownership is a responsibility and needs to be taken seriously.
"Owners need to make sure that their animal is safe to be around people. Otherwise, the consequences can be serious."
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AmazonPensioner with dementia storms UK charts with cover of Frank Sinatra's My WayMargaret Mackie, 83, lives in a care home and while she struggles to remember names, she stunned residents with a word-perfect rendition at the Christmas party