Nope, its not when it has to do with espresso machines. Most espresso machines don't arrive with whatever you require, so you wind up buying a whole lot of accessories to really make your coffee. Nespresso machines arrive in various sizes, colours, and features. They are available in a wide variety of colors and metallic finishes.
There are several lovely explanations for why you should think about a Nespresso machine. The ideal nespresso machine will provide a good cup of coffee every moment, and they're intended to suit your specific needs. So, as an example, if you decide on a Nespresso compatible machine you're restricted to Nestle coffee.
The machine includes a one-year warranty in the event of issues. Breville's machine will also tell you once it needs a comprehensive cleaning, and it includes a unique cleaning kit. The best thing about this machine is the fact that it comes with all you need (except the beans). Now, people are able to just purchase an espresso machine to delight in their own coffee at their convenience. Nespresso espresso machines are another consideration when you are searching for the ideal machine for the cost.
The Nespresso C100 Espresso Machine works with an exceptional extraction system which is designed particularly for coffee filled capsules so that it will make the ideal cup of espresso every moment. The standard preparation way of espresso necessitates skill and creates a whole lot of mess. The secret to good espresso is using an exemplary espresso blend. The next step is to produce your Italian espresso. Therefore, if you're on the lookout for an authentic Italian espresso. Read nespresso coffee machine review here.
Coffee is everyone's preferred drink. It also has minerals such as magnesium. To buy this coffee roasted, get in touch with your nearby coffee roaster or coffee shop. Fresh roasted coffee has many benefits over the instantaneous coffee. Living far from Hawaii does not necessarily mean that one may not become pure coffee.
As there isn't any way to control the flow-rate with an ESE pod, it would not be possible to earn espresso variations like a ristretto or lungo. Any pod that meets the ESE standard may be used in any espresso machine that's ESE compatible. Nespresso pods arrive in a variety of flavors, but you can just use the flavors provided by the organization.
Next Post What is MK-2866 Ostarine?


Almost 156,000 Indian children are producing vegetable seeds (tomato, hot pepper, okra), of which 50,000 are below 14 years of age. The large majority of them are either Dalits, low caste or Adivasi (tribals). All of them are exposed to harsh working conditions, including poisonous pesticides and long working days....These are key findings from the new study Soiled Seeds - Child Labour and Underpayment of Women in Vegetable Seed Production in India...Another key finding from the report is that women are mostly not paid the official minimum wage for their work...Soiled Seeds again confirms previous studies that low procurement paid by companies to farmers have a strong impact on both child labour and the underpayment of women. Wages are higher in locations where procurement prices are higher...The initiatives undertaken by Syngenta, Bayer, Monsanto, Advanta and Namdhari had – in varying degrees - a positive impact in reducing child labour at the seed farms. Recently – partly after the draft report was sent to companies - East-West Seed, Kalash Seeds, Nuziveedu, Limagrain, Sakata and Mahyco, also started interventions but given the short time-frame with still limited or unclear impact. [If any company named in the report would like to issue a response to the concerns raised, they are welcome to do so].
Despite the decline, the total number of children still employed in the vegetable seed sector is huge. The conditions in the fields continue to be very unsafe and exploitative for the children. The children are made to work long hours and are paid less than market and official minimum wages. They are also exposed to poisonous pesticides used in high quantities in vegetable seed cultivation and are often trafficked as migrants from other places. The existing employment practices in cottonseed farms result in the denial of rights of children and violate many national laws and international conventions.
East-West Seed recognizes the issue of child labor in seed production in India and has taken steps…We fully support the mission of the India Committee of the Netherlands as we strive for the same goal: total elimination of child labor in India.


Sometimes even the best USA betting sites can't seem to make up their minds. When that happens we get what we in the best online sportsbooks biz call a "pick'em." And the New Orleans Saints versus the Minnesota Vikings game is a classic example of that. Moreover, it will be a rematch of the 'Minneapolis Miracle' 2018 NFC divisional round game. As you'll remember and Marcus Williams won't forget, Case Keenum and Stefon Diggs completed a 61-yard TD in the game's dying seconds. All things considered, Drew Brees must be heading into this one with a chip on his shoulder. After all, it's usually Breesus who performs the miracles on the gridiron.
If we go by QBs, the Saints should be the best online sportsbooks straight-up favorites. Brees has 13 TD passes. That's one fewer than Kirk Cousins. However, the latter has three picks to the former's zero. Cousins also has more yards but Brees has a higher completion percentage. And going by records and winning percentages, Brees has the better team. And the Saints can take solace in the fact that Keenum can't hurt them anymore. Or any other team, for that matter, except his own.
The Saints are the best team against the run. Thus, don't expect Dalvin Cook or Latavius Murray to be tapped too many times. On the contrary, expect Cousins, Diggs, and Adam Thielen to bear the brunt of the workload. Last time Cousins faced New Orleans, as a Redskin, he had three TDs on 322 passing yards. And that's still 44 yards fewer than the Saints are allowing per game this season.
Our Pick: All things considered, customers of the best online betting sites should go for the over. The Saints scored the second-most points per game this season. And the Kirk Cousins-led Vikings offense is competent at worst. In fact, it seems New Orleans brings the best out of opposing offenses. Their games have averaged a combined average of 61.1 points.


Dental implants are the artificial root structures that are placed in the jawbone area to allow tooth replacement. Getting dental implants can be very expensive for an average person as they are costly. Having dental insurance or medical insurance policy that can cover this procedure can save one a lot of money. Not all dental insurance companies or medical insurance companies cover all dental costs. When it comes to dental procedures, some insurance companies may cover all the costs depending on their policies while some cover part of the dental procedures. Identify what policies you have under your coverage before getting a dental procedure done. This way you can plan your dental costs better and budget effectively.
It is unfortunate that most insurance companies do not cover the costs of dental implants procedure. If one is lucky to find a dental insurance company that covers the cost of getting dental implants, the terms are usually more difficult. The main reason as to why most insurance policies do not cover the cost of dental implants is because they term the procedure as unnecessary and thus is not essential. Most dental insurance companies view dental implant surgery as a cosmetic procedure that enhances one's beauty. Because it is a cosmetic procedure, insurance policies do not cover it just like any other cosmetic procedure as it is not necessary. Cosmetic surgeries are not medical emergencies, and insurance companies do not deem it necessary to spend vast amounts of money on something that can be disregarded.
Another main reason as to why insurance companies do not cover dental implants is because the procedure itself is very expensive. Paying for dental implants out of pocket can be extremely costly for a person and can put a strain on one's finances. Insurance companies can also feel this strain when providing coverage for dental implants. Some insurance policies are beginning to see the light when it comes to covering the cost of dental implants because it is a life-saving procedure. If one fails to get dental implants when they experience serious damage to their teeth such as broken teeth they can cause further damage to their teeth. Without dental implants, their teeth will not function normally, and their jawbone volume will reduce significantly.
Insurance companies are now looking at dental implant procedures as a necessary procedure to ensure the safety and health of one's dental health. With dental implants, one eliminates the chances of getting large teeth, reduction in bone volume and misaligned biting. When choosing an insurance policy make sure you go over the laws and policies to know what they cover and what they do not. This is because you will most likely need dental implants at one point in your life and it is essential to choose one that can cover the cost.


text:
var object = require('mout/object');
var lang = require('mout/lang');
var string = require('mout/string');

function camelCase(config) {
    var camelCased = {};

    // Camel case
    object.forOwn(config, function (value, key) {
        // Ignore null values
        if (value == null) {
            return;
        }

        key = string.camelCase(key.replace(/_/g, '-'));
        camelCased[key] = lang.isPlainObject(value) ? camelCase(value) : value;
    });

    return camelCased;
}

function expand(config) {
    config = camelCase(config);

    // Expand some properties
    // Registry
    if (typeof config.registry === 'string') {
        config.registry = {
            search: [config.registry],
            register: config.registry,
            publish: config.registry
        };
    } else if (config.registry) {
        if (config.registry.search && !Array.isArray(config.registry.search)) {
            config.registry.search = [config.registry.search];
        }
    }

    // CA
    if (typeof config.ca === 'string') {
        config.ca = {
            search: [config.ca],
            register: config.ca,
            publish: config.ca
        };
    } else if (config.ca) {
        if (config.ca.search && !Array.isArray(config.ca.search)) {
            config.ca.search = [config.ca.search];
        }
    }

    return config;
}

module.exports = expand;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
//  Copyright (c) 2013, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
//  This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
//  LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
//  of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.

#include <deque>
#include <set>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#ifdef OS_LINUX
#include <sys/statfs.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#endif
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if defined(OS_LINUX)
#include <linux/fs.h>
#endif
#include <signal.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "rocksdb/env.h"
#include "rocksdb/slice.h"
#include "port/port.h"
#include "util/coding.h"
#include "util/logging.h"
#include "util/posix_logger.h"
#include "util/random.h"
#include "util/iostats_context_imp.h"
#include "util/rate_limiter.h"

// Get nano time for mach systems
#ifdef __MACH__
#include <mach/clock.h>
#include <mach/mach.h>
#endif

#if !defined(TMPFS_MAGIC)
#define TMPFS_MAGIC 0x01021994
#endif
#if !defined(XFS_SUPER_MAGIC)
#define XFS_SUPER_MAGIC 0x58465342
#endif
#if !defined(EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC)
#define EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC 0xEF53
#endif

// For non linux platform, the following macros are used only as place
// holder.
#ifndef OS_LINUX
#define POSIX_FADV_NORMAL 0 /* [MC1] no further special treatment */
#define POSIX_FADV_RANDOM 1 /* [MC1] expect random page refs */
#define POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL 2 /* [MC1] expect sequential page refs */
#define POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED 3 /* [MC1] will need these pages */
#define POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED 4 /* [MC1] dont need these pages */
#endif

// This is only set from db_stress.cc and for testing only.
// If non-zero, kill at various points in source code with probability 1/this
int rocksdb_kill_odds = 0;

namespace rocksdb {

namespace {

// A wrapper for fadvise, if the platform doesn't support fadvise,
// it will simply return Status::NotSupport.
int Fadvise(int fd, off_t offset, size_t len, int advice) {
#ifdef OS_LINUX
  return posix_fadvise(fd, offset, len, advice);
#else
  return 0;  // simply do nothing.
#endif
}

// list of pathnames that are locked
static std::set<std::string> lockedFiles;
static port::Mutex mutex_lockedFiles;

static Status IOError(const std::string& context, int err_number) {
  return Status::IOError(context, strerror(err_number));
}

#ifdef NDEBUG
// empty in release build
#define TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds)
#else

// Kill the process with probablity 1/odds for testing.
static void TestKillRandom(int odds, const std::string& srcfile,
                           int srcline) {
  time_t curtime = time(nullptr);
  Random r((uint32_t)curtime);

  assert(odds > 0);
  bool crash = r.OneIn(odds);
  if (crash) {
    fprintf(stdout, "Crashing at %s:%d\n", srcfile.c_str(), srcline);
    fflush(stdout);
    kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
  }
}

// To avoid crashing always at some frequently executed codepaths (during
// kill random test), use this factor to reduce odds
#define REDUCE_ODDS 2
#define REDUCE_ODDS2 4

#define TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds) {   \
  if (rocksdb_kill_odds > 0) { \
    TestKillRandom(rocksdb_kill_odds, __FILE__, __LINE__);     \
  } \
}

#endif

#if defined(OS_LINUX)
namespace {
  static size_t GetUniqueIdFromFile(int fd, char* id, size_t max_size) {
    if (max_size < kMaxVarint64Length*3) {
      return 0;
    }

    struct stat buf;
    int result = fstat(fd, &buf);
    if (result == -1) {
      return 0;
    }

    long version = 0;
    result = ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETVERSION, &version);
    if (result == -1) {
      return 0;
    }
    uint64_t uversion = (uint64_t)version;

    char* rid = id;
    rid = EncodeVarint64(rid, buf.st_dev);
    rid = EncodeVarint64(rid, buf.st_ino);
    rid = EncodeVarint64(rid, uversion);
    assert(rid >= id);
    return static_cast<size_t>(rid-id);
  }
}
#endif

class PosixSequentialFile: public SequentialFile {
 private:
  std::string filename_;
  FILE* file_;
  int fd_;
  bool use_os_buffer_;

 public:
  PosixSequentialFile(const std::string& fname, FILE* f,
      const EnvOptions& options)
      : filename_(fname), file_(f), fd_(fileno(f)),
        use_os_buffer_(options.use_os_buffer) {
  }
  virtual ~PosixSequentialFile() { fclose(file_); }

  virtual Status Read(size_t n, Slice* result, char* scratch) {
    Status s;
    size_t r = 0;
    do {
      r = fread_unlocked(scratch, 1, n, file_);
    } while (r == 0 && ferror(file_) && errno == EINTR);
    IOSTATS_ADD(bytes_read, r);
    *result = Slice(scratch, r);
    if (r < n) {
      if (feof(file_)) {
        // We leave status as ok if we hit the end of the file
        // We also clear the error so that the reads can continue
        // if a new data is written to the file
        clearerr(file_);
      } else {
        // A partial read with an error: return a non-ok status
        s = IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
    }
    if (!use_os_buffer_) {
      // we need to fadvise away the entire range of pages because
      // we do not want readahead pages to be cached.
      Fadvise(fd_, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED); // free OS pages
    }
    return s;
  }

  virtual Status Skip(uint64_t n) {
    if (fseek(file_, n, SEEK_CUR)) {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status InvalidateCache(size_t offset, size_t length) {
#ifndef OS_LINUX
    return Status::OK();
#else
    // free OS pages
    int ret = Fadvise(fd_, offset, length, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
    if (ret == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    }
    return IOError(filename_, errno);
#endif
  }
};

// pread() based random-access
class PosixRandomAccessFile: public RandomAccessFile {
 private:
  std::string filename_;
  int fd_;
  bool use_os_buffer_;

 public:
  PosixRandomAccessFile(const std::string& fname, int fd,
                        const EnvOptions& options)
      : filename_(fname), fd_(fd), use_os_buffer_(options.use_os_buffer) {
    assert(!options.use_mmap_reads || sizeof(void*) < 8);
  }
  virtual ~PosixRandomAccessFile() { close(fd_); }

  virtual Status Read(uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result,
                      char* scratch) const {
    Status s;
    ssize_t r = -1;
    size_t left = n;
    char* ptr = scratch;
    while (left > 0) {
      r = pread(fd_, ptr, left, static_cast<off_t>(offset));
      if (r <= 0) {
        if (errno == EINTR) {
          continue;
        }
        break;
      }
      ptr += r;
      offset += r;
      left -= r;
    }

    IOSTATS_ADD_IF_POSITIVE(bytes_read, n - left);
    *result = Slice(scratch, (r < 0) ? 0 : n - left);
    if (r < 0) {
      // An error: return a non-ok status
      s = IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
    if (!use_os_buffer_) {
      // we need to fadvise away the entire range of pages because
      // we do not want readahead pages to be cached.
      Fadvise(fd_, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED); // free OS pages
    }
    return s;
  }

#ifdef OS_LINUX
  virtual size_t GetUniqueId(char* id, size_t max_size) const {
    return GetUniqueIdFromFile(fd_, id, max_size);
  }
#endif

  virtual void Hint(AccessPattern pattern) {
    switch(pattern) {
      case NORMAL:
        Fadvise(fd_, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_NORMAL);
        break;
      case RANDOM:
        Fadvise(fd_, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_RANDOM);
        break;
      case SEQUENTIAL:
        Fadvise(fd_, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL);
        break;
      case WILLNEED:
        Fadvise(fd_, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);
        break;
      case DONTNEED:
        Fadvise(fd_, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
        break;
      default:
        assert(false);
        break;
    }
  }

  virtual Status InvalidateCache(size_t offset, size_t length) {
#ifndef OS_LINUX
    return Status::OK();
#else
    // free OS pages
    int ret = Fadvise(fd_, offset, length, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
    if (ret == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    }
    return IOError(filename_, errno);
#endif
  }
};

// mmap() based random-access
class PosixMmapReadableFile: public RandomAccessFile {
 private:
  int fd_;
  std::string filename_;
  void* mmapped_region_;
  size_t length_;

 public:
  // base[0,length-1] contains the mmapped contents of the file.
  PosixMmapReadableFile(const int fd, const std::string& fname,
                        void* base, size_t length,
                        const EnvOptions& options)
      : fd_(fd), filename_(fname), mmapped_region_(base), length_(length) {
    fd_ = fd_ + 0;  // suppress the warning for used variables
    assert(options.use_mmap_reads);
    assert(options.use_os_buffer);
  }
  virtual ~PosixMmapReadableFile() {
    int ret = munmap(mmapped_region_, length_);
    if (ret != 0) {
      fprintf(stdout, "failed to munmap %p length %zu \n",
              mmapped_region_, length_);
    }
  }

  virtual Status Read(uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result,
                      char* scratch) const {
    Status s;
    if (offset + n > length_) {
      *result = Slice();
      s = IOError(filename_, EINVAL);
    } else {
      *result = Slice(reinterpret_cast<char*>(mmapped_region_) + offset, n);
    }
    return s;
  }
  virtual Status InvalidateCache(size_t offset, size_t length) {
#ifndef OS_LINUX
    return Status::OK();
#else
    // free OS pages
    int ret = Fadvise(fd_, offset, length, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
    if (ret == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    }
    return IOError(filename_, errno);
#endif
  }
};

// We preallocate up to an extra megabyte and use memcpy to append new
// data to the file.  This is safe since we either properly close the
// file before reading from it, or for log files, the reading code
// knows enough to skip zero suffixes.
class PosixMmapFile : public WritableFile {
 private:
  std::string filename_;
  int fd_;
  size_t page_size_;
  size_t map_size_;       // How much extra memory to map at a time
  char* base_;            // The mapped region
  char* limit_;           // Limit of the mapped region
  char* dst_;             // Where to write next  (in range [base_,limit_])
  char* last_sync_;       // Where have we synced up to
  uint64_t file_offset_;  // Offset of base_ in file
  // Have we done an munmap of unsynced data?
  bool pending_sync_;
#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
  bool fallocate_with_keep_size_;
#endif

  // Roundup x to a multiple of y
  static size_t Roundup(size_t x, size_t y) {
    return ((x + y - 1) / y) * y;
  }

  size_t TruncateToPageBoundary(size_t s) {
    s -= (s & (page_size_ - 1));
    assert((s % page_size_) == 0);
    return s;
  }

  bool UnmapCurrentRegion() {
    bool result = true;
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    if (base_ != nullptr) {
      if (last_sync_ < limit_) {
        // Defer syncing this data until next Sync() call, if any
        pending_sync_ = true;
      }
      if (munmap(base_, limit_ - base_) != 0) {
        result = false;
      }
      file_offset_ += limit_ - base_;
      base_ = nullptr;
      limit_ = nullptr;
      last_sync_ = nullptr;
      dst_ = nullptr;

      // Increase the amount we map the next time, but capped at 1MB
      if (map_size_ < (1<<20)) {
        map_size_ *= 2;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  Status MapNewRegion() {
#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
    assert(base_ == nullptr);

    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    // we can't fallocate with FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE here
    int alloc_status = fallocate(fd_, 0, file_offset_, map_size_);
    if (alloc_status != 0) {
      // fallback to posix_fallocate
      alloc_status = posix_fallocate(fd_, file_offset_, map_size_);
    }
    if (alloc_status != 0) {
      return Status::IOError("Error allocating space to file : " + filename_ +
        "Error : " + strerror(alloc_status));
    }

    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    void* ptr = mmap(nullptr, map_size_, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
                     fd_, file_offset_);
    if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
      return Status::IOError("MMap failed on " + filename_);
    }

    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);

    base_ = reinterpret_cast<char*>(ptr);
    limit_ = base_ + map_size_;
    dst_ = base_;
    last_sync_ = base_;
    return Status::OK();
#else
    return Status::NotSupported("This platform doesn't support fallocate()");
#endif
  }

 public:
  PosixMmapFile(const std::string& fname, int fd, size_t page_size,
                const EnvOptions& options)
      : filename_(fname),
        fd_(fd),
        page_size_(page_size),
        map_size_(Roundup(65536, page_size)),
        base_(nullptr),
        limit_(nullptr),
        dst_(nullptr),
        last_sync_(nullptr),
        file_offset_(0),
        pending_sync_(false) {
#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
    fallocate_with_keep_size_ = options.fallocate_with_keep_size;
#endif
    assert((page_size & (page_size - 1)) == 0);
    assert(options.use_mmap_writes);
  }

  ~PosixMmapFile() {
    if (fd_ >= 0) {
      PosixMmapFile::Close();
    }
  }

  virtual Status Append(const Slice& data) {
    const char* src = data.data();
    size_t left = data.size();
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds * REDUCE_ODDS);
    PrepareWrite(GetFileSize(), left);
    while (left > 0) {
      assert(base_ <= dst_);
      assert(dst_ <= limit_);
      size_t avail = limit_ - dst_;
      if (avail == 0) {
        if (UnmapCurrentRegion()) {
          Status s = MapNewRegion();
          if (!s.ok()) {
            return s;
          }
          TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
        }
      }

      size_t n = (left <= avail) ? left : avail;
      memcpy(dst_, src, n);
      IOSTATS_ADD(bytes_written, n);
      dst_ += n;
      src += n;
      left -= n;
    }
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status Close() {
    Status s;
    size_t unused = limit_ - dst_;

    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);

    if (!UnmapCurrentRegion()) {
      s = IOError(filename_, errno);
    } else if (unused > 0) {
      // Trim the extra space at the end of the file
      if (ftruncate(fd_, file_offset_ - unused) < 0) {
        s = IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
    }

    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);

    if (close(fd_) < 0) {
      if (s.ok()) {
        s = IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
    }

    fd_ = -1;
    base_ = nullptr;
    limit_ = nullptr;
    return s;
  }

  virtual Status Flush() {
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status Sync() {
    Status s;

    if (pending_sync_) {
      // Some unmapped data was not synced
      TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
      pending_sync_ = false;
      if (fdatasync(fd_) < 0) {
        s = IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
      TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds * REDUCE_ODDS);
    }

    if (dst_ > last_sync_) {
      // Find the beginnings of the pages that contain the first and last
      // bytes to be synced.
      size_t p1 = TruncateToPageBoundary(last_sync_ - base_);
      size_t p2 = TruncateToPageBoundary(dst_ - base_ - 1);
      last_sync_ = dst_;
      TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
      if (msync(base_ + p1, p2 - p1 + page_size_, MS_SYNC) < 0) {
        s = IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
      TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    }

    return s;
  }

  /**
   * Flush data as well as metadata to stable storage.
   */
  virtual Status Fsync() {
    if (pending_sync_) {
      // Some unmapped data was not synced
      TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
      pending_sync_ = false;
      if (fsync(fd_) < 0) {
        return IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
      TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    }
    // This invocation to Sync will not issue the call to
    // fdatasync because pending_sync_ has already been cleared.
    return Sync();
  }

  /**
   * Get the size of valid data in the file. This will not match the
   * size that is returned from the filesystem because we use mmap
   * to extend file by map_size every time.
   */
  virtual uint64_t GetFileSize() {
    size_t used = dst_ - base_;
    return file_offset_ + used;
  }

  virtual Status InvalidateCache(size_t offset, size_t length) {
#ifndef OS_LINUX
    return Status::OK();
#else
    // free OS pages
    int ret = Fadvise(fd_, offset, length, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
    if (ret == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    }
    return IOError(filename_, errno);
#endif
  }

#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
  virtual Status Allocate(off_t offset, off_t len) {
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    int alloc_status = fallocate(
        fd_, fallocate_with_keep_size_ ? FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE : 0, offset, len);
    if (alloc_status == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    } else {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
  }
#endif
};

// Use posix write to write data to a file.
class PosixWritableFile : public WritableFile {
 private:
  const std::string filename_;
  int fd_;
  size_t cursize_;      // current size of cached data in buf_
  size_t capacity_;     // max size of buf_
  unique_ptr<char[]> buf_;           // a buffer to cache writes
  uint64_t filesize_;
  bool pending_sync_;
  bool pending_fsync_;
  uint64_t last_sync_size_;
  uint64_t bytes_per_sync_;
#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
  bool fallocate_with_keep_size_;
#endif
  RateLimiter* rate_limiter_;

 public:
  PosixWritableFile(const std::string& fname, int fd, size_t capacity,
                    const EnvOptions& options)
      : filename_(fname),
        fd_(fd),
        cursize_(0),
        capacity_(capacity),
        buf_(new char[capacity]),
        filesize_(0),
        pending_sync_(false),
        pending_fsync_(false),
        last_sync_size_(0),
        bytes_per_sync_(options.bytes_per_sync),
        rate_limiter_(options.rate_limiter) {
#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
    fallocate_with_keep_size_ = options.fallocate_with_keep_size;
#endif
    assert(!options.use_mmap_writes);
  }

  ~PosixWritableFile() {
    if (fd_ >= 0) {
      PosixWritableFile::Close();
    }
  }

  virtual Status Append(const Slice& data) {
    const char* src = data.data();
    size_t left = data.size();
    Status s;
    pending_sync_ = true;
    pending_fsync_ = true;

    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds * REDUCE_ODDS2);

    PrepareWrite(GetFileSize(), left);
    // if there is no space in the cache, then flush
    if (cursize_ + left > capacity_) {
      s = Flush();
      if (!s.ok()) {
        return s;
      }
      // Increase the buffer size, but capped at 1MB
      if (capacity_ < (1<<20)) {
        capacity_ *= 2;
        buf_.reset(new char[capacity_]);
      }
      assert(cursize_ == 0);
    }

    // if the write fits into the cache, then write to cache
    // otherwise do a write() syscall to write to OS buffers.
    if (cursize_ + left <= capacity_) {
      memcpy(buf_.get()+cursize_, src, left);
      cursize_ += left;
    } else {
      while (left != 0) {
        ssize_t done = write(fd_, src, RequestToken(left));
        if (done < 0) {
          if (errno == EINTR) {
            continue;
          }
          return IOError(filename_, errno);
        }
        IOSTATS_ADD(bytes_written, done);
        TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);

        left -= done;
        src += done;
      }
    }
    filesize_ += data.size();
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status Close() {
    Status s;
    s = Flush(); // flush cache to OS
    if (!s.ok()) {
      return s;
    }

    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);

    size_t block_size;
    size_t last_allocated_block;
    GetPreallocationStatus(&block_size, &last_allocated_block);
    if (last_allocated_block > 0) {
      // trim the extra space preallocated at the end of the file
      int dummy __attribute__((unused));
      dummy = ftruncate(fd_, filesize_);  // ignore errors
    }

    if (close(fd_) < 0) {
      if (s.ok()) {
        s = IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
    }
    fd_ = -1;
    return s;
  }

  // write out the cached data to the OS cache
  virtual Status Flush() {
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds * REDUCE_ODDS2);
    size_t left = cursize_;
    char* src = buf_.get();
    while (left != 0) {
      ssize_t done = write(fd_, src, RequestToken(left));
      if (done < 0) {
        if (errno == EINTR) {
          continue;
        }
        return IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
      IOSTATS_ADD(bytes_written, done);
      TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds * REDUCE_ODDS2);
      left -= done;
      src += done;
    }
    cursize_ = 0;

    // sync OS cache to disk for every bytes_per_sync_
    // TODO: give log file and sst file different options (log
    // files could be potentially cached in OS for their whole
    // life time, thus we might not want to flush at all).
    if (bytes_per_sync_ &&
        filesize_ - last_sync_size_ >= bytes_per_sync_) {
      RangeSync(last_sync_size_, filesize_ - last_sync_size_);
      last_sync_size_ = filesize_;
    }

    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status Sync() {
    Status s = Flush();
    if (!s.ok()) {
      return s;
    }
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    if (pending_sync_ && fdatasync(fd_) < 0) {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    pending_sync_ = false;
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status Fsync() {
    Status s = Flush();
    if (!s.ok()) {
      return s;
    }
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    if (pending_fsync_ && fsync(fd_) < 0) {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    pending_fsync_ = false;
    pending_sync_ = false;
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual uint64_t GetFileSize() {
    return filesize_;
  }

  virtual Status InvalidateCache(size_t offset, size_t length) {
#ifndef OS_LINUX
    return Status::OK();
#else
    // free OS pages
    int ret = Fadvise(fd_, offset, length, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
    if (ret == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    }
    return IOError(filename_, errno);
#endif
  }

#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
  virtual Status Allocate(off_t offset, off_t len) {
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    int alloc_status = fallocate(
        fd_, fallocate_with_keep_size_ ? FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE : 0, offset, len);
    if (alloc_status == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    } else {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
  }

  virtual Status RangeSync(off_t offset, off_t nbytes) {
    if (sync_file_range(fd_, offset, nbytes, SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE) == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    } else {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
  }
  virtual size_t GetUniqueId(char* id, size_t max_size) const {
    return GetUniqueIdFromFile(fd_, id, max_size);
  }
#endif

 private:
  inline size_t RequestToken(size_t bytes) {
    if (rate_limiter_ && io_priority_ < Env::IO_TOTAL) {
      bytes = std::min(bytes,
          static_cast<size_t>(rate_limiter_->GetSingleBurstBytes()));
      rate_limiter_->Request(bytes, io_priority_);
    }
    return bytes;
  }
};

class PosixRandomRWFile : public RandomRWFile {
 private:
  const std::string filename_;
  int fd_;
  bool pending_sync_;
  bool pending_fsync_;
#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
  bool fallocate_with_keep_size_;
#endif

 public:
  PosixRandomRWFile(const std::string& fname, int fd, const EnvOptions& options)
      : filename_(fname),
        fd_(fd),
        pending_sync_(false),
        pending_fsync_(false) {
#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
    fallocate_with_keep_size_ = options.fallocate_with_keep_size;
#endif
    assert(!options.use_mmap_writes && !options.use_mmap_reads);
  }

  ~PosixRandomRWFile() {
    if (fd_ >= 0) {
      Close();
    }
  }

  virtual Status Write(uint64_t offset, const Slice& data) {
    const char* src = data.data();
    size_t left = data.size();
    Status s;
    pending_sync_ = true;
    pending_fsync_ = true;

    while (left != 0) {
      ssize_t done = pwrite(fd_, src, left, offset);
      if (done < 0) {
        if (errno == EINTR) {
          continue;
        }
        return IOError(filename_, errno);
      }
      IOSTATS_ADD(bytes_written, done);

      left -= done;
      src += done;
      offset += done;
    }

    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status Read(uint64_t offset, size_t n, Slice* result,
                      char* scratch) const {
    Status s;
    ssize_t r = -1;
    size_t left = n;
    char* ptr = scratch;
    while (left > 0) {
      r = pread(fd_, ptr, left, static_cast<off_t>(offset));
      if (r <= 0) {
        if (errno == EINTR) {
          continue;
        }
        break;
      }
      ptr += r;
      offset += r;
      left -= r;
    }
    IOSTATS_ADD_IF_POSITIVE(bytes_read, n - left);
    *result = Slice(scratch, (r < 0) ? 0 : n - left);
    if (r < 0) {
      s = IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
    return s;
  }

  virtual Status Close() {
    Status s = Status::OK();
    if (fd_ >= 0 && close(fd_) < 0) {
      s = IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
    fd_ = -1;
    return s;
  }

  virtual Status Sync() {
    if (pending_sync_ && fdatasync(fd_) < 0) {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
    pending_sync_ = false;
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status Fsync() {
    if (pending_fsync_ && fsync(fd_) < 0) {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
    pending_fsync_ = false;
    pending_sync_ = false;
    return Status::OK();
  }

#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
  virtual Status Allocate(off_t offset, off_t len) {
    TEST_KILL_RANDOM(rocksdb_kill_odds);
    int alloc_status = fallocate(
        fd_, fallocate_with_keep_size_ ? FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE : 0, offset, len);
    if (alloc_status == 0) {
      return Status::OK();
    } else {
      return IOError(filename_, errno);
    }
  }
#endif
};

class PosixDirectory : public Directory {
 public:
  explicit PosixDirectory(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
  ~PosixDirectory() {
    close(fd_);
  }

  virtual Status Fsync() {
    if (fsync(fd_) == -1) {
      return IOError("directory", errno);
    }
    return Status::OK();
  }

 private:
  int fd_;
};

static int LockOrUnlock(const std::string& fname, int fd, bool lock) {
  mutex_lockedFiles.Lock();
  if (lock) {
    // If it already exists in the lockedFiles set, then it is already locked,
    // and fail this lock attempt. Otherwise, insert it into lockedFiles.
    // This check is needed because fcntl() does not detect lock conflict
    // if the fcntl is issued by the same thread that earlier acquired
    // this lock.
    if (lockedFiles.insert(fname).second == false) {
      mutex_lockedFiles.Unlock();
      errno = ENOLCK;
      return -1;
    }
  } else {
    // If we are unlocking, then verify that we had locked it earlier,
    // it should already exist in lockedFiles. Remove it from lockedFiles.
    if (lockedFiles.erase(fname) != 1) {
      mutex_lockedFiles.Unlock();
      errno = ENOLCK;
      return -1;
    }
  }
  errno = 0;
  struct flock f;
  memset(&f, 0, sizeof(f));
  f.l_type = (lock ? F_WRLCK : F_UNLCK);
  f.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
  f.l_start = 0;
  f.l_len = 0;        // Lock/unlock entire file
  int value = fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &f);
  if (value == -1 && lock) {
    // if there is an error in locking, then remove the pathname from lockedfiles
    lockedFiles.erase(fname);
  }
  mutex_lockedFiles.Unlock();
  return value;
}

class PosixFileLock : public FileLock {
 public:
  int fd_;
  std::string filename;
};

void PthreadCall(const char* label, int result) {
  if (result != 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "pthread %s: %s\n", label, strerror(result));
    exit(1);
  }
}

class PosixEnv : public Env {
 public:
  PosixEnv();

  virtual ~PosixEnv(){
    for (const auto tid : threads_to_join_) {
      pthread_join(tid, nullptr);
    }
  }

  void SetFD_CLOEXEC(int fd, const EnvOptions* options) {
    if ((options == nullptr || options->set_fd_cloexec) && fd > 0) {
      fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC);
    }
  }

  virtual Status NewSequentialFile(const std::string& fname,
                                   unique_ptr<SequentialFile>* result,
                                   const EnvOptions& options) {
    result->reset();
    FILE* f = nullptr;
    do {
      f = fopen(fname.c_str(), "r");
    } while (f == nullptr && errno == EINTR);
    if (f == nullptr) {
      *result = nullptr;
      return IOError(fname, errno);
    } else {
      int fd = fileno(f);
      SetFD_CLOEXEC(fd, &options);
      result->reset(new PosixSequentialFile(fname, f, options));
      return Status::OK();
    }
  }

  virtual Status NewRandomAccessFile(const std::string& fname,
                                     unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile>* result,
                                     const EnvOptions& options) {
    result->reset();
    Status s;
    int fd = open(fname.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
    SetFD_CLOEXEC(fd, &options);
    if (fd < 0) {
      s = IOError(fname, errno);
    } else if (options.use_mmap_reads && sizeof(void*) >= 8) {
      // Use of mmap for random reads has been removed because it
      // kills performance when storage is fast.
      // Use mmap when virtual address-space is plentiful.
      uint64_t size;
      s = GetFileSize(fname, &size);
      if (s.ok()) {
        void* base = mmap(nullptr, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
        if (base != MAP_FAILED) {
          result->reset(new PosixMmapReadableFile(fd, fname, base,
                                                  size, options));
        } else {
          s = IOError(fname, errno);
        }
      }
      close(fd);
    } else {
      result->reset(new PosixRandomAccessFile(fname, fd, options));
    }
    return s;
  }

  virtual Status NewWritableFile(const std::string& fname,
                                 unique_ptr<WritableFile>* result,
                                 const EnvOptions& options) {
    result->reset();
    Status s;
    int fd = -1;
    do {
      fd = open(fname.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, 0644);
    } while (fd < 0 && errno == EINTR);
    if (fd < 0) {
      s = IOError(fname, errno);
    } else {
      SetFD_CLOEXEC(fd, &options);
      if (options.use_mmap_writes) {
        if (!checkedDiskForMmap_) {
          // this will be executed once in the program's lifetime.
          // do not use mmapWrite on non ext-3/xfs/tmpfs systems.
          if (!SupportsFastAllocate(fname)) {
            forceMmapOff = true;
          }
          checkedDiskForMmap_ = true;
        }
      }
      if (options.use_mmap_writes && !forceMmapOff) {
        result->reset(new PosixMmapFile(fname, fd, page_size_, options));
      } else {
        // disable mmap writes
        EnvOptions no_mmap_writes_options = options;
        no_mmap_writes_options.use_mmap_writes = false;

        result->reset(
            new PosixWritableFile(fname, fd, 65536, no_mmap_writes_options)
        );
      }
    }
    return s;
  }

  virtual Status NewRandomRWFile(const std::string& fname,
                                 unique_ptr<RandomRWFile>* result,
                                 const EnvOptions& options) {
    result->reset();
    // no support for mmap yet
    if (options.use_mmap_writes || options.use_mmap_reads) {
      return Status::NotSupported("No support for mmap read/write yet");
    }
    Status s;
    const int fd = open(fname.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
    if (fd < 0) {
      s = IOError(fname, errno);
    } else {
      SetFD_CLOEXEC(fd, &options);
      result->reset(new PosixRandomRWFile(fname, fd, options));
    }
    return s;
  }

  virtual Status NewDirectory(const std::string& name,
                              unique_ptr<Directory>* result) {
    result->reset();
    const int fd = open(name.c_str(), 0);
    if (fd < 0) {
      return IOError(name, errno);
    } else {
      result->reset(new PosixDirectory(fd));
    }
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual bool FileExists(const std::string& fname) {
    return access(fname.c_str(), F_OK) == 0;
  }

  virtual Status GetChildren(const std::string& dir,
                             std::vector<std::string>* result) {
    result->clear();
    DIR* d = opendir(dir.c_str());
    if (d == nullptr) {
      return IOError(dir, errno);
    }
    struct dirent* entry;
    while ((entry = readdir(d)) != nullptr) {
      result->push_back(entry->d_name);
    }
    closedir(d);
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status DeleteFile(const std::string& fname) {
    Status result;
    if (unlink(fname.c_str()) != 0) {
      result = IOError(fname, errno);
    }
    return result;
  };

  virtual Status CreateDir(const std::string& name) {
    Status result;
    if (mkdir(name.c_str(), 0755) != 0) {
      result = IOError(name, errno);
    }
    return result;
  };

  virtual Status CreateDirIfMissing(const std::string& name) {
    Status result;
    if (mkdir(name.c_str(), 0755) != 0) {
      if (errno != EEXIST) {
        result = IOError(name, errno);
      } else if (!DirExists(name)) { // Check that name is actually a
                                     // directory.
        // Message is taken from mkdir
        result = Status::IOError("`"+name+"' exists but is not a directory");
      }
    }
    return result;
  };

  virtual Status DeleteDir(const std::string& name) {
    Status result;
    if (rmdir(name.c_str()) != 0) {
      result = IOError(name, errno);
    }
    return result;
  };

  virtual Status GetFileSize(const std::string& fname, uint64_t* size) {
    Status s;
    struct stat sbuf;
    if (stat(fname.c_str(), &sbuf) != 0) {
      *size = 0;
      s = IOError(fname, errno);
    } else {
      *size = sbuf.st_size;
    }
    return s;
  }

  virtual Status GetFileModificationTime(const std::string& fname,
                                         uint64_t* file_mtime) {
    struct stat s;
    if (stat(fname.c_str(), &s) !=0) {
      return IOError(fname, errno);
    }
    *file_mtime = static_cast<uint64_t>(s.st_mtime);
    return Status::OK();
  }
  virtual Status RenameFile(const std::string& src, const std::string& target) {
    Status result;
    if (rename(src.c_str(), target.c_str()) != 0) {
      result = IOError(src, errno);
    }
    return result;
  }

  virtual Status LockFile(const std::string& fname, FileLock** lock) {
    *lock = nullptr;
    Status result;
    int fd = open(fname.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644);
    if (fd < 0) {
      result = IOError(fname, errno);
    } else if (LockOrUnlock(fname, fd, true) == -1) {
      result = IOError("lock " + fname, errno);
      close(fd);
    } else {
      SetFD_CLOEXEC(fd, nullptr);
      PosixFileLock* my_lock = new PosixFileLock;
      my_lock->fd_ = fd;
      my_lock->filename = fname;
      *lock = my_lock;
    }
    return result;
  }

  virtual Status UnlockFile(FileLock* lock) {
    PosixFileLock* my_lock = reinterpret_cast<PosixFileLock*>(lock);
    Status result;
    if (LockOrUnlock(my_lock->filename, my_lock->fd_, false) == -1) {
      result = IOError("unlock", errno);
    }
    close(my_lock->fd_);
    delete my_lock;
    return result;
  }

  virtual void Schedule(void (*function)(void*), void* arg, Priority pri = LOW);

  virtual void StartThread(void (*function)(void* arg), void* arg);

  virtual void WaitForJoin();

  virtual unsigned int GetThreadPoolQueueLen(Priority pri = LOW) const override;

  virtual Status GetTestDirectory(std::string* result) {
    const char* env = getenv("TEST_TMPDIR");
    if (env && env[0] != '\0') {
      *result = env;
    } else {
      char buf[100];
      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/tmp/rocksdbtest-%d", int(geteuid()));
      *result = buf;
    }
    // Directory may already exist
    CreateDir(*result);
    return Status::OK();
  }

  static uint64_t gettid(pthread_t tid) {
    uint64_t thread_id = 0;
    memcpy(&thread_id, &tid, std::min(sizeof(thread_id), sizeof(tid)));
    return thread_id;
  }

  static uint64_t gettid() {
    pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
    return gettid(tid);
  }

  virtual Status NewLogger(const std::string& fname,
                           shared_ptr<Logger>* result) {
    FILE* f = fopen(fname.c_str(), "w");
    if (f == nullptr) {
      result->reset();
      return IOError(fname, errno);
    } else {
      int fd = fileno(f);
      SetFD_CLOEXEC(fd, nullptr);
      result->reset(new PosixLogger(f, &PosixEnv::gettid, this));
      return Status::OK();
    }
  }

  virtual uint64_t NowMicros() {
    struct timeval tv;
    // TODO(kailiu) MAC DON'T HAVE THIS
    gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
    return static_cast<uint64_t>(tv.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
  }

  virtual uint64_t NowNanos() {
#ifdef OS_LINUX
    struct timespec ts;
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
    return static_cast<uint64_t>(ts.tv_sec) * 1000000000 + ts.tv_nsec;
#elif __MACH__
    clock_serv_t cclock;
    mach_timespec_t ts;
    host_get_clock_service(mach_host_self(), CALENDAR_CLOCK, &cclock);
    clock_get_time(cclock, &ts);
    mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), cclock);
#endif
    return static_cast<uint64_t>(ts.tv_sec) * 1000000000 + ts.tv_nsec;
  }

  virtual void SleepForMicroseconds(int micros) {
    usleep(micros);
  }

  virtual Status GetHostName(char* name, uint64_t len) {
    int ret = gethostname(name, len);
    if (ret < 0) {
      if (errno == EFAULT || errno == EINVAL)
        return Status::InvalidArgument(strerror(errno));
      else
        return IOError("GetHostName", errno);
    }
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status GetCurrentTime(int64_t* unix_time) {
    time_t ret = time(nullptr);
    if (ret == (time_t) -1) {
      return IOError("GetCurrentTime", errno);
    }
    *unix_time = (int64_t) ret;
    return Status::OK();
  }

  virtual Status GetAbsolutePath(const std::string& db_path,
      std::string* output_path) {
    if (db_path.find('/') == 0) {
      *output_path = db_path;
      return Status::OK();
    }

    char the_path[256];
    char* ret = getcwd(the_path, 256);
    if (ret == nullptr) {
      return Status::IOError(strerror(errno));
    }

    *output_path = ret;
    return Status::OK();
  }

  // Allow increasing the number of worker threads.
  virtual void SetBackgroundThreads(int num, Priority pri) {
    assert(pri >= Priority::LOW && pri <= Priority::HIGH);
    thread_pools_[pri].SetBackgroundThreads(num);
  }

  virtual void LowerThreadPoolIOPriority(Priority pool = LOW) override {
    assert(pool >= Priority::LOW && pool <= Priority::HIGH);
#ifdef OS_LINUX
    thread_pools_[pool].LowerIOPriority();
#endif
  }

  virtual std::string TimeToString(uint64_t secondsSince1970) {
    const time_t seconds = (time_t)secondsSince1970;
    struct tm t;
    int maxsize = 64;
    std::string dummy;
    dummy.reserve(maxsize);
    dummy.resize(maxsize);
    char* p = &dummy[0];
    localtime_r(&seconds, &t);
    snprintf(p, maxsize,
             "%04d/%02d/%02d-%02d:%02d:%02d ",
             t.tm_year + 1900,
             t.tm_mon + 1,
             t.tm_mday,
             t.tm_hour,
             t.tm_min,
             t.tm_sec);
    return dummy;
  }

  EnvOptions OptimizeForLogWrite(const EnvOptions& env_options) const {
    EnvOptions optimized = env_options;
    optimized.use_mmap_writes = false;
    // TODO(icanadi) it's faster if fallocate_with_keep_size is false, but it
    // breaks TransactionLogIteratorStallAtLastRecord unit test. Fix the unit
    // test and make this false
    optimized.fallocate_with_keep_size = true;
    return optimized;
  }

  EnvOptions OptimizeForManifestWrite(const EnvOptions& env_options) const {
    EnvOptions optimized = env_options;
    optimized.use_mmap_writes = false;
    optimized.fallocate_with_keep_size = true;
    return optimized;
  }

 private:
  bool checkedDiskForMmap_;
  bool forceMmapOff; // do we override Env options?

  // Returns true iff the named directory exists and is a directory.
  virtual bool DirExists(const std::string& dname) {
    struct stat statbuf;
    if (stat(dname.c_str(), &statbuf) == 0) {
      return S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode);
    }
    return false; // stat() failed return false
  }

  bool SupportsFastAllocate(const std::string& path) {
#ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
    struct statfs s;
    if (statfs(path.c_str(), &s)){
      return false;
    }
    switch (s.f_type) {
      case EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC:
        return true;
      case XFS_SUPER_MAGIC:
        return true;
      case TMPFS_MAGIC:
        return true;
      default:
        return false;
    }
#else
    return false;
#endif
  }

  size_t page_size_;

  class ThreadPool {
   public:
    ThreadPool()
        : total_threads_limit_(1),
          bgthreads_(0),
          queue_(),
          queue_len_(0),
          exit_all_threads_(false),
          low_io_priority_(false) {
      PthreadCall("mutex_init", pthread_mutex_init(&mu_, nullptr));
      PthreadCall("cvar_init", pthread_cond_init(&bgsignal_, nullptr));
    }

    ~ThreadPool() {
      PthreadCall("lock", pthread_mutex_lock(&mu_));
      assert(!exit_all_threads_);
      exit_all_threads_ = true;
      PthreadCall("signalall", pthread_cond_broadcast(&bgsignal_));
      PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
      for (const auto tid : bgthreads_) {
        pthread_join(tid, nullptr);
      }
    }

    void LowerIOPriority() {
#ifdef OS_LINUX
      PthreadCall("lock", pthread_mutex_lock(&mu_));
      low_io_priority_ = true;
      PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
#endif
    }

    // Return true if there is at least one thread needs to terminate.
    bool HasExcessiveThread() {
      return static_cast<int>(bgthreads_.size()) > total_threads_limit_;
    }

    // Return true iff the current thread is the excessive thread to terminate.
    // Always terminate the running thread that is added last, even if there are
    // more than one thread to terminate.
    bool IsLastExcessiveThread(size_t thread_id) {
      return HasExcessiveThread() && thread_id == bgthreads_.size() - 1;
    }

    // Is one of the threads to terminate.
    bool IsExcessiveThread(size_t thread_id) {
      return static_cast<int>(thread_id) >= total_threads_limit_;
    }

    void BGThread(size_t thread_id) {
      bool low_io_priority = false;
      while (true) {
        // Wait until there is an item that is ready to run
        PthreadCall("lock", pthread_mutex_lock(&mu_));
        // Stop waiting if the thread needs to do work or needs to terminate.
        while (!exit_all_threads_ && !IsLastExcessiveThread(thread_id) &&
               (queue_.empty() || IsExcessiveThread(thread_id))) {
          PthreadCall("wait", pthread_cond_wait(&bgsignal_, &mu_));
        }
        if (exit_all_threads_) { // mechanism to let BG threads exit safely
          PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
          break;
        }
        if (IsLastExcessiveThread(thread_id)) {
          // Current thread is the last generated one and is excessive.
          // We always terminate excessive thread in the reverse order of
          // generation time.
          auto terminating_thread = bgthreads_.back();
          pthread_detach(terminating_thread);
          bgthreads_.pop_back();
          if (HasExcessiveThread()) {
            // There is still at least more excessive thread to terminate.
            WakeUpAllThreads();
          }
          PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
          // TODO(sdong): temp logging. Need to help debugging. Remove it when
          // the feature is proved to be stable.
          fprintf(stdout, "Bg thread %zu terminates %llx\n", thread_id,
                  static_cast<long long unsigned int>(gettid()));
          break;
        }
        void (*function)(void*) = queue_.front().function;
        void* arg = queue_.front().arg;
        queue_.pop_front();
        queue_len_.store(queue_.size(), std::memory_order_relaxed);

        bool decrease_io_priority = (low_io_priority != low_io_priority_);
        PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));

#ifdef OS_LINUX
        if (decrease_io_priority) {
          #define IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT               (13)
          #define IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(class, data)   \
              (((class) << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT) | data)
          // Put schedule into IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE class (lowest)
          // These system calls only have an effect when used in conjunction
          // with an I/O scheduler that supports I/O priorities. As at
          // kernel 2.6.17 the only such scheduler is the Completely
          // Fair Queuing (CFQ) I/O scheduler.
          // To change scheduler:
          //  echo cfq > /sys/block/<device_name>/queue/schedule
          // Tunables to consider:
          //  /sys/block/<device_name>/queue/slice_idle
          //  /sys/block/<device_name>/queue/slice_sync
          syscall(SYS_ioprio_set,
                  1,  // IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS
                  0,  // current thread
                  IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(3, 0));
          low_io_priority = true;
        }
#else
        (void)decrease_io_priority; // avoid 'unused variable' error
#endif
        (*function)(arg);
      }
    }

    // Helper struct for passing arguments when creating threads.
    struct BGThreadMetadata {
      ThreadPool* thread_pool_;
      size_t thread_id_;  // Thread count in the thread.
      explicit BGThreadMetadata(ThreadPool* thread_pool, size_t thread_id)
          : thread_pool_(thread_pool), thread_id_(thread_id) {}
    };

    static void* BGThreadWrapper(void* arg) {
      BGThreadMetadata* meta = reinterpret_cast<BGThreadMetadata*>(arg);
      size_t thread_id = meta->thread_id_;
      ThreadPool* tp = meta->thread_pool_;
      delete meta;
      tp->BGThread(thread_id);
      return nullptr;
    }

    void WakeUpAllThreads() {
      PthreadCall("signalall", pthread_cond_broadcast(&bgsignal_));
    }

    void SetBackgroundThreads(int num) {
      PthreadCall("lock", pthread_mutex_lock(&mu_));
      if (exit_all_threads_) {
        PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
        return;
      }
      if (num != total_threads_limit_) {
        total_threads_limit_ = num;
        WakeUpAllThreads();
        StartBGThreads();
      }
      assert(total_threads_limit_ > 0);
      PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
    }

    void StartBGThreads() {
      // Start background thread if necessary
      while ((int)bgthreads_.size() < total_threads_limit_) {
        pthread_t t;
        PthreadCall(
            "create thread",
            pthread_create(&t, nullptr, &ThreadPool::BGThreadWrapper,
                           new BGThreadMetadata(this, bgthreads_.size())));

        // Set the thread name to aid debugging
#if defined(_GNU_SOURCE) && defined(__GLIBC_PREREQ)
#if __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 12)
        char name_buf[16];
        snprintf(name_buf, sizeof name_buf, "rocksdb:bg%zu", bgthreads_.size());
        name_buf[sizeof name_buf - 1] = '\0';
        pthread_setname_np(t, name_buf);
#endif
#endif

        bgthreads_.push_back(t);
      }
    }

    void Schedule(void (*function)(void*), void* arg) {
      PthreadCall("lock", pthread_mutex_lock(&mu_));

      if (exit_all_threads_) {
        PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
        return;
      }

      StartBGThreads();

      // Add to priority queue
      queue_.push_back(BGItem());
      queue_.back().function = function;
      queue_.back().arg = arg;
      queue_len_.store(queue_.size(), std::memory_order_relaxed);

      if (!HasExcessiveThread()) {
        // Wake up at least one waiting thread.
        PthreadCall("signal", pthread_cond_signal(&bgsignal_));
      } else {
        // Need to wake up all threads to make sure the one woken
        // up is not the one to terminate.
        WakeUpAllThreads();
      }

      PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
    }

    unsigned int GetQueueLen() const {
      return queue_len_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }

   private:
    // Entry per Schedule() call
    struct BGItem { void* arg; void (*function)(void*); };
    typedef std::deque<BGItem> BGQueue;

    pthread_mutex_t mu_;
    pthread_cond_t bgsignal_;
    int total_threads_limit_;
    std::vector<pthread_t> bgthreads_;
    BGQueue queue_;
    std::atomic_uint queue_len_;  // Queue length. Used for stats reporting
    bool exit_all_threads_;
    bool low_io_priority_;
  };

  std::vector<ThreadPool> thread_pools_;

  pthread_mutex_t mu_;
  std::vector<pthread_t> threads_to_join_;

};

PosixEnv::PosixEnv() : checkedDiskForMmap_(false),
                       forceMmapOff(false),
                       page_size_(getpagesize()),
                       thread_pools_(Priority::TOTAL) {
  PthreadCall("mutex_init", pthread_mutex_init(&mu_, nullptr));
}

void PosixEnv::Schedule(void (*function)(void*), void* arg, Priority pri) {
  assert(pri >= Priority::LOW && pri <= Priority::HIGH);
  thread_pools_[pri].Schedule(function, arg);
}

unsigned int PosixEnv::GetThreadPoolQueueLen(Priority pri) const {
  assert(pri >= Priority::LOW && pri <= Priority::HIGH);
  return thread_pools_[pri].GetQueueLen();
}

struct StartThreadState {
  void (*user_function)(void*);
  void* arg;
};

static void* StartThreadWrapper(void* arg) {
  StartThreadState* state = reinterpret_cast<StartThreadState*>(arg);
  state->user_function(state->arg);
  delete state;
  return nullptr;
}

void PosixEnv::StartThread(void (*function)(void* arg), void* arg) {
  pthread_t t;
  StartThreadState* state = new StartThreadState;
  state->user_function = function;
  state->arg = arg;
  PthreadCall("start thread",
              pthread_create(&t, nullptr,  &StartThreadWrapper, state));
  PthreadCall("lock", pthread_mutex_lock(&mu_));
  threads_to_join_.push_back(t);
  PthreadCall("unlock", pthread_mutex_unlock(&mu_));
}

void PosixEnv::WaitForJoin() {
  for (const auto tid : threads_to_join_) {
    pthread_join(tid, nullptr);
  }
  threads_to_join_.clear();
}

}  // namespace

std::string Env::GenerateUniqueId() {
  std::string uuid_file = "/proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid";
  if (FileExists(uuid_file)) {
    std::string uuid;
    Status s = ReadFileToString(this, uuid_file, &uuid);
    if (s.ok()) {
      return uuid;
    }
  }
  // Could not read uuid_file - generate uuid using "nanos-random"
  Random64 r(time(nullptr));
  uint64_t random_uuid_portion =
    r.Uniform(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max());
  uint64_t nanos_uuid_portion = NowNanos();
  char uuid2[200];
  snprintf(uuid2,
           200,
           "%lx-%lx",
           (unsigned long)nanos_uuid_portion,
           (unsigned long)random_uuid_portion);
  return uuid2;
}

Env* Env::Default() {
  static PosixEnv default_env;
  return &default_env;
}

}  // namespace rocksdb


Tim Sweetwood has been a staple of Atlanta's music scene for more than a decade. He started out as a music promoter. Now he's a major player as the founder of the annual Atlanta music festivals known as Shaky Knees and Shaky Beats.
Producer Trevor Young caught up with Sweetwood during the Shaky Knees festival last month. We asked him to nominate two songs to our Georgia Playlist, our ever-growing, essential list of songs written or performed by Georgians. Press play to hear his picks.


text:
package org.hisp.dhis.schema.descriptors;

import org.hisp.dhis.attribute.AttributeValue;
import org.hisp.dhis.schema.Schema;
import org.hisp.dhis.schema.SchemaDescriptor;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;

/**
 * @author Morten Olav Hansen <mortenoh@gmail.com>
 */
public class AttributeValueSchemaDescriptor implements SchemaDescriptor
{
    public static final String SINGULAR = "attributeValue";

    public static final String PLURAL = "attributeValues";

    public static final String API_ENDPOINT = "/" + PLURAL;

    @Override
    public Schema getSchema()
    {
        Schema schema = new Schema( AttributeValue.class, SINGULAR, PLURAL );
        schema.setOrder( Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE );

        return schema;
    }
}


In August 2015, 16 students from the University of Tokyo, including myself, studied in Italy. We participated in a course held by our university which was about Italian language and culture. I had two motives for participating. The first was that I wanted to know how capable I was in using the Italian language I had been studying for one and a half years. The other was that I had a strong desire to go abroad because I had never been to a foreign country, and I wanted to go to a foreign country where I could make myself understood in the local language even if it would be so on a very small scale.
In Italy, I not only studied the language but also directly experienced a culture, very different from Japan. As a result, I was able to widen my perspective and becom more international. I am grateful to have received such an opportunity, and I will report below my impressions of the study there and the places where I visited.
Italy is divided into three parts: north, central, and south. Umbria is located in the middle of central Italy, and we stayed in its capital Perugia.
We attended the University for foreigners of Perugia for a month. All new students had to take a test before the beginning of the lessons, and then were divided into six classes according to the result. I was admitted to class B2, which is the third from top class. But since I was only given the written examination although the test usually consisted of a written and oral one, I think I was examined perfunctorily.
The lessons were composed of grammar, oral exercise, listening, and study of Italian culture. I struggled most in the oral exercise. In the class, the professor would pose a theme to discuss and the students would discuss it with the professor. I was very impressed that every student, especially the ones from Europe, would state their own opinions based on clear evidence. I have heard that they had been educated to do so voluntarily since they were a child, but when I actually debated with them, I was overwhelmed and often got knocked out of the debate. I most deeply regret the time when we talked about nuclear power. I was born in Hiroshima, so I felt a strong sense of responsibility to take an active part in the discussion, as a man from a city which has been atom-bombed and also as a man from the country where a nuclear plant accident occurred. I tried to express my own opinion to the professor and other students and develop the discussion, but I was at a loss for words in only a few minutes and eventually was repeating "Si. (Exactly.)".
I regret that in Japan I did not practice expressing my own view in Italian. In addition, when I was studying Italian in Japan, I tended to attach a greater importance on the grammar over vocabulary. In retrospect, it would be more beneficial to have studied a vocabulary book before going to Italy.
Well anyway, staying in a foreign country is a pleasant and very interesting way to study a local language. If you go shopping at a supermarket, you can learn tons of new nouns, and if you talk with professors, students, and people in a town, you can get a perfect opportunity to practice the conjugation of verbs. If you go to a church, you can read the history of the language, which leads to modern Italian, and if you go to a soccer stadium, you can hear many parolacce (slangs) flying back and forth, which you will not find in any textbooks sold in Japan. You can hardly forget the words that you have collected with your five senses. When I was not able to make myself understood to a friend, I looked up words meaning precisely what I wanted to say. I was very happy when my friend smiled when I used the words that I had looked up in the dictionary. In contrast, I was deeply disappointed when I had no choice but to communicate in English because of not being capable to understand the Italian used.
On the weekends, I went out to the center of the town, the suburbs of Perugia, and to sightseeing spots in Umbria. Perugia has a very long history. Right next to the university there is a huge gate constructed by Etruscans in the third century B.C. In the old center of the town, there remains many solemn churches. A lot of tourists come to Perugia in order to visit them. We went on a day tour prepared by the university to Assisi, famous asa sacred place for pilgrimage. The most impressive place for me was Lake Trasimeno located in the west of Perugia. I went there on a day trip alone for various reasons, and I realized my maturity a little after I went through many thrilling experiences. I feel sorry that I cannot mention the details because of the limited space.
In the end, I want to say thank you to Prof. Muramatsu, Prof. Hyuga, Prof. Sawayanagi, and Prof. Farinelli of the University for Foreigners of Perugia who made careful preparations for this global praxis. Also, I want to thank my parents for helping me with the expenses and my friends both in Japan and in Italy for helping me have a wonderful time on this one-month journey.


Visit www.flash-game.net to play the skill game Z Infect. It is free! You are supposed to get all human in the game infected by the zombie. Once the zombie touches a human, the human and others near him will all turn into zombies. Press the left and right arrows to rotate the map to move the characters. You should never fall any zombie or human off the pit or you will lose the game. Have fun!


text:
TheDyingPillowScore.png (5.43 MB)
.DSZ
The Dying Pillow1.dsz (5.52 MB)
thedyiingpillow.pdf (1.66 MB)
The Dying Pillow_instructions.pdf (47.08 kB)
The Dying Pillow
Download all (12.65 MB)
Version 6 2021-09-06, 02:32
posted on 2021-09-06, 02:32 authored by Cat HopeCat Hope
THE DYING PILLOW (aka SMOOTHING THE PILLOW OF DYING RACE)
For 12 cymbals (four - twelve players), composed 2015.
Duration variable.
Commissioned by Synergy Percussion as part of the 40 x 40 project.
To quell the violence on the frontiers of early Australia, to reduce devastation by disease and to provide Aborigines with a 'humane' environment while their race died out, colonial governments introduced systems of 'protective' legislation. The first was in 1860 in South Australia, where a Chief Protector was appointed to watch over the interests of Aboriginal people and to 'smooth the pillow of dying race'. Similar legislation was passed in Victoria (1869), Queensland (1897), Western Australia (1905) and New South Wales (1909). These laws were a way of 'protecting' Aborigines from violence on the frontier. By designating territory for Aborigines, it was hoped that the conflict between settlers and Aborigines over land would stop and that Aborigines would use the settlement land to farm and become self-sufficient, thus improving their 'destitute' state and reducing their reliance on the government for rations. This piece was inspired by a recent evidencing of increasing racism in Australia, and features text in the background which has been taken from documents in the National Library of Australia. The title is a play on the original news article headline above, pointing to a more positive future where the 'pillow' is not required. A digital or hard copy of the score is available from Material Press.
This score should be read in the Decibel Scoreplayer (see below). You have the option in the Application to change the speed, Performer instructions for the piece are in the score file when you open it on the iPad.
Each player is assigned a colour. A smooth flat line indicates a soft dynamic, and the widening of the line means getting louder. Use a bow to play the cymbal and try as where possible to make the bow change inaudible. A 'dot' at the end or start of a line means to articulate the start or end in some strong way, if there is no dot you should ease in at the start and let the cymbal ring out at the end.
Floating 'dots' are soft cymbal strikes that can ring out (i.e.do not require dampening). These can be on the cymbals being bowed, or on others - which could be crotales or any other type of 'cymbal like' instrument.
NOTE TO PERFORMERS
The majority of my compositions use scores that are read on an iPad tablet computer, using the Decibel ScorePlayer, an application available on the App Store . Any fixed media is embedded in the score, and some feature automated functions. In the case of ensemble works, multiple iPads can be networked on a LAN or over the Internet so parts can be read in a synchronised way. You should upload the score file (ending with.dsz) to your iPad from your computer via AirDrop on an Apple, or cable from a PC. Instructions on how to do this and using the Decibel ScorePlayer, more generally are included in the Application, which ships with five other scores.
Thus my works have different versions of the score, as you may see above. A PDF/PNG file of the score 'image', a DSZ file to upload onto the iPad for performance, and for some less complex scores, a video version. Hardcopies are also available from my publisher. You can find out more about the Decibel ScorePlayer, and how to make your own scores for it, here.
Synergy Percussion, online project with video by Sam James, 2016, 1'20" version.
Yarnwire, StonyBrook University, 2019, 8'30" version.
Enseble Offstring, Sizzle, 2022.
MATERIALS ATTACHED
DecibelScorePlayer file, score image, instructions. Below are three video resources: the score as video, a live performance, and the original video for the Synergy Percussion project.
Music composition and improvisation
Animated notationGraphic notationAustralian musicExperimental musicMusic Composition

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How You Can Get a Custom Calgary-Made Guitar
by Alana Willerton December 15, 2015 April 4, 2019
James Burley makes scratch-built guitars to suit your sound and style.
James Burley knows a thing or two about guitars – he's been playing one since he was a kid, and spent time onstage as the lead guitarist for a Calgary band called Hoodwink for four years.
But after becoming tired of buying guitars off the shelf that he would only have to customize later, Burley decided to study under a wood craftsman in Ontario for around a year and half. He created his first scratch-built electric guitar in 1994. Since then, he's built more than 150 guitars, and repaired countless others along the way.
This two-piece scratch-built guitar, which James has affectionately dubbed "The Headhunter," features an alder body with a maple neck, a rosewood fretboard and a Floyd Rose tremolo. It has a strat body, though Burley can create any body style from a Flying V to a Tele style.
Design-wise, Burley painted the guitar red, then hand carved a tiger-esque pattern. No two guitars he makes are the same though, and Burley can do a range of designs depending on what a guitarist is looking for.
The benefit of getting a custom made guitar rather than one from the store is that it can be designed to suit a person's playing style and how they want it to sound and look right from the start. For instance, Burley says the type of wood used produces different musical tones – woods like mahogany would generate a darker, richer tone, while basswood produces more of a treble, mid-range sound.
A custom guitar starts at $1,500. For more information, contact Burlesk Custom Guitars & Repairs, 143 Macewan Glen Way N.W., 403-809-8018, burleskguitars.ca


In terms of body posi IG pages, unless you're living under a rock, chances are you follow our girls @IAmIskra, @NourishAndEat, @ItsRachaelForster, @TheAshleyGraham, @CrystalRenn, etc. Surrounding yourself with body love can be a great way to take back the power that "thinspiration" pages and body bullies have attempted to take away. Here are just a few more of the countless body positive IG pages you may need in your life.
Body positive, feminist, mother, artist. What's not to love? She inspires us to love ourselves, our bodies, and the world around us.
Reminding us to never forget our self-worth, and showing us that making ourselves happy is more important than being what any man, or person, wants us to be. Melinda Alexander inspires us to #getfree from the pressures that hold us back.
Daily reminders that food is to be enjoyed, not obsessed over or counted. Whether you are recovering for an eating disorder or not, Abby will help you to heal your negative thoughts about food.


This is a pair of (2) Patent-Pending VRP 'XV2' Pistons - 2 Hole 1.8mm. The pistons come complete with the Transition Valve pre-installed. The Rebound booster hole has been precision drilled to the exact size our testing found to be the best 'all around' setting. This yields excellent results that are proven on a variety of track surfaces. From rough, blown out tracks, to smooth, indoor clay, the VRP Piston makes a positive difference and gives you a Big Advantage over the competition!
Simple to understand! The Pistons are designed to increase the Rebound only. They do not change the compression from what you would have running stock 2 hole 1.8 pistons. No crazy set up changes. No scratching your head if they work or even made a difference. Anyone who has run them will tell you it was better from the moment they squeezed the trigger! No questions! ....Amazing! Visit the main page for more information on the benefits of quicker rebound and why we patented our piston design.


text:
How To Download Last Version The Seven Deadly Sins Grand Cross Apk Safe In 2021.
You can upgrade a character skills by using tokens, which can be gained after battles. Hero's level can be improved by using enhanced potions. You can equip different outfits, weapon skins, or hairstyles to heroes. This will allow players to customize character looks or optimize power in battles. If you are not familiar with the anime, Seven Deadly Sins is a story about Meliodas and six other characters who represent the seven deadly sins.
Without knowing how to read Japanese, we assume the game will give out an SR Meliodas, Gems and Meliodas's costume. Rewards will be given according to the apk The Seven Deadly Sins Grand Cross download mileage that players reached. Some of the confirmed game modes include Death Match, a 2-player real-time coop mode, and Arena, the game's PVP mode where you can battle players from around the world.
Here's Why We Recommend Playing Seven Deadly Sins: Grand Cross In Landscape Mode
To benefit from this, however, we need to get to 16k CC. In team formation, you can get to see the CC of your team. This is an average of all your characters in the line-up, including the supporter. For now, we've only got 30k with an average team level of somewhere under 20.
From the British background in the Middle Ages with the costumes and character designs. It not only highlights the features but is also extremely familiar, like stepping out of a comic, makes you instantly attracted. All characters are meticulously crafted according to the manga / anime counterparts, and there's just so much customization and personality to each one – a rare sight for gacha games. @astraldata i actually DID submit meliodas at first tho but it got rejected cuz of missing textures, despite me not remembering to have missed any textures in there. the admins here seem to be stretched out of capacity so plz be patient and keep in mind that rippers and admins are humans too.
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There's even an AR mini-game in the tavern that allows players to explore all of its rooms for hidden rewards. Fans are lured in by the cinematic cutscenes and nostalgic gameplay, then struck with its premium currency-driven gacha scheme. Unfortunately, players will need to spend their precious diamonds to gather more fighters and equipment. This synthesis mechanic means there are some tricks players can use to shuffle their set of skills for a more significant impact on the battlefield. The most straightforward move is to use the skills separating the matching pair first. However, skills can be manually repositioned as well.
In order to get SSR Coins, you need to obtain duplicates for SSR Heroes you already own.
For example King has a really good ability that can petrify enemies.
Let's say that you already have an SSR hero, either because the gacha spirits have smiled upon you or because you grinded things out and did six 11x Diamond Draws .
The former missions will even open up more stories to enrich your adventure.
Log into it to check if it's legit and everything is as described in the offer.
So you can put together a team that you love and meshes the most with your particular play style. Not all of these characters will be available immediately of course, but overtime you will be able to gather them up. If you're a fan of the anime then you will no doubt like this game.
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10 Places to Eat at Now
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Whoa, big changeup at ~JARDINIÈRE~: this is why I go out practically every night, because you never know what you just might stumble across! Oh, and it's fun to go out. Anyway, while swilling at CAV's first anniversary party, I found out acclaimed Executive Chef ~ROBBIE LEWIS~ has left Jardinière, after almost four years in the kitchen there. He has two kids (one is three and the other just eight months), and it seems daddy needed to be home more. I also hear the theater-crowd cycle can be a bit of a grind, but the chef taking on the job, Craig Patzer, is reportedly extremely skilled and fired up, and has been cooking at Jardinière off and on for about five years. I also found out Lewis has a place of his own in the works, which may be opening by next spring or so—but for now, the word is mum. Of course I'll fill you in, darlings.
A little history lesson for ya: Lewis met Traci Des Jardins in the early nineties while at the CCA, and she offered him a job cooking at Rubicon (she was the opening chef there). He started on the Jardinière opening team in 1997, and after subsequent stints opening at places like Boulevard, The Village Pub, and 42 Degrees, he returned to Jardinière as Executive Chef in 2002. Some of you will also remember in 2005 he cooked with Traci on Iron Chef America, and they beat Mario Batali in a Battle of Shrimp!
Did someone say Iron Chef? SF (and especially Robert Lauriston) will be thrilled with this news: ~CHRIS COSENTINO OF INCANTO~ will be competing in the fourth season of ~IRON CHEF AMERICA~! The shows will be recorded this October, and will air in February, 2007. Cosentino will be duking it out against returning Iron Chef Mario Batali (DUDE!) on the morning of October 6, the very first recording for the season. Judges will include Ted Allen ("Queer Eye for the Straight Guy") (I really hope he says "fabulous!"), Cady Huffman (Tony Award-winning actress), and one of my personal faves, Jeffrey Steingarten (Vogue food writer and the author of "The Man Who Ate Everything").
Cosentino has wanted to go on Iron Chef since watching the show way back during the bad dubbing days, when he would watch it with fellow cooks, friends, and wifey at a joint in Japantown outfitted with widescreen TVs. Cosentino says, "I'm just gonna cook my ass off and have a good time! It's a ride that will last for one hour, and man, it's gonna be one hell of a ride." Joining Cosentino in the audience will be his wife, son, and Mark Pastore, the owner of Incanto, but I know all of SF will certainly be there in spirit.
Cosentino will also have two local cooks rocking it for him in the kitchen, but he wouldn't reveal who they are. (I actually know who one of them is, but I'm gonna keep my mouth shut.) Now we just have to wait until FEBRUARY to see the darned show! Oh, and one fun detail: while Mario will be hustling around in his orange Crocs, Cosentino's buds at Upper Playground in the Haight will be styling the team with these sweet 35th anniversary adidas kicks. Dang, I want a pair too!
Some changes to report at ~ANZU~, the restaurant in the Hotel Nikko: first, many know Anzu's dinner chef, Scott Drozd, left to cook at a recently opened Noe Valley neighborhood joint, Bistro 1689. And now, after six years, their famed sushi bar chef, Kazuhito Takahashi AKA Takahashi-san, has up and moved to Las Vegas to be with his family. He is intending to take at least six months off to relax (we'll see about that) and will most likely land at one of the million sushi bars over there. Takashashi-san's understudy will be overseeing the sushi bar, and they are underway in their search for a second sushi chef. The sushi bar is temporarily closed for now, but will be reopening shortly, offering more contemporary sushi, and some changes to the décor are happening as well. (You can still order sushi off the dinner menu, and the fish is still being flown in daily from the Japanese markets.) The Executive Chef of Anzu, Philippe Striffeler, is introducing some "freestyle Asian" dishes and specials to the formerly more traditional menu—supposedly the slow-cooked and tea-smoked duck (a whole half-duck) is succulent and sublime.
This is cool: the new-ish chef/owner of brunch steady ~ELLA'S~, Matt Skov, will be serving dinner as of Wednesday, October 4th. The affordable dinner options (under the supervision of Ella's new dinner chef, Bradley Sekulich, who has been a cook and sous at places around town like Absinthe, Boulevard, and Grand Cafe) will include shrimp bisque for $5, a hearty app of grilled lamb meatballs with mint pesto and red pepper aioli for $8, and some entrées like skirt steak with sausage gravy and pork two ways for only $16. You can check out the appetizing menu here. If you're wondering why those dinner items sound especially delicious, Skov did a stint (for six years) as the Executive Sous Chef to Todd Humphries and Laurent Manrique in the kitchen at Campton Place (lemme tell ya, this man can cook). Once I was dining at Campton Place for lunch with a girlfriend and he sent out a dessert with two round lumps of something chocolate to my dining partner because he wanted to pay homage to her boobs. Then again, she was his wife, so it was cool. 500 Presidio Ave. at California, 415-441-5669.
Time to report on some openings this week of cool places I've mentioned in tablehopper before (you can search the site if you want more of the original details): Joseph Manzare's Italian fish restaurant, ~PESCHERIA~ (formerly known as Joey & Eddy's Seafood) should be opening today. It will be open for dinner, Tue-Sat 5:30pm-9:30pm, with Robert Leva at the helm (formerly a sous at Redd, Auberge de Soleil, and Jardinière). As long as this gorg weather continues, you might like to know there's a nice patio in the back, FYI! 1708 Church St. at 29th St., 415-647-3200.
Then there's ~THE ALEMBIC~ on Upper Haight, a project from David McLean of Magnolia Pub and Brewery. If inspections go well this week, The Alembic should be open this Saturday, serving micro-distillery spirits and small plates of American food with some seasonal, local, and international flair from Chef Eddie Blyden, who has also been busy cooking down the street at Magnolia since June. Dinner nightly, 4pm-12am, with the bar open until 2am. Lunch Sat-Sun, starting at noon. 1725 Haight St. between Cole and Shrader Streets, 415-666-0822.
~LITTLE STAR'S~ second location in the Mission opened last Wednesday, Sep. 20. Yes, there is a hipster jukebox, just like the original, and the same happy hour slots (5pm-6:30pm and 10pm-11:30pm). Release the deep dish! Open Tue-Sun 5pm-10pm, Fri-Sat 5pm-11pm, closed Mon. 400 Valencia St. at 15th St., 415-551-7827.
And yes, the big one: Westfield Centre opens this Thursday, the 28th. There will be a second location of ~BEARD PAPA'S~ (perfect fuel before attacking Bloomies), and a second location of Charles Phan's ~OUT THE DOOR~, with ready-to-eat dishes plus take-home-and-cook kits as well (have you ever tried the delish daikon rice cakes? You should.). Being a sandwich queen myself, I can't wait for Tom Colicchio's ~'WICHCRAFT~.
And those who have been missing Straits on Geary Street can now dine on Chris Yeo's chili crab and rendang beef at ~STRAITS RESTAURANT~, just under the historic dome on the fourth floor. (There will also be a full bar that's open until 2am with a DJ on the weekends.) Open continuously from 11am-2am daily. 845 Market St., Suite 597, 415-668-1783.
~LARKCREEKSTEAK~ will definitely be another one to check out, with an intimate dining room featuring a peaked wood-beamed ceiling and high-backed suede booths, a 21-seat bar and lounge, a floor-to-ceiling glass-enclosed walk-in wine cellar, and ten ringside seats at the exhibition kitchen-counter, designed by Mark Stevens of Architect & Light. Chef Jeremy Bearman is offering a steakhouse menu with a twist, and some lighter options will be offered. Choose a Certified USDA Prime cut of beef, ranging from $19-35, and it will be grilled over fruitwood and charcoal embers, and then pair it with one of five sauces. 845 Market St., 4th Floor, Suite 402, 415-593-4100.
I reported a while back that Brandon Clements (of MECCA and Avenue G) was opening a space with the folks from Zebulon called Mercury, in the old Luau Bar & Grill space on Lombard. It's still called ~LUAU~, and will be open this Thu-Sat for drinks, and possibly even burgers next week. The space was repainted and cleaned up, but the big remodel is planned for mid-October, when it will close again, get new floors, a brick wall, and a whole new look. When it reopens in mid-November or so, it will be ~MERCURY~, serving Asian small plates, plus offering late night dining and brunch. Thanks to gal pal Restaurant Girl Speak's blog for the tip on the soft opening. 1434 Lombard St. at Van Ness Ave., 415-922-1434.
Opening up (optimistically) by mid-November will be an Asian-inspired and yet-unnamed ~RESTAURANT/LOUNGE/PUB IN THE FORMER YOSHIDA-YA SPACE~ in Cow Hollow. The project is from the chaps behind Vintage 415, Mamacita, Dylan Boutique, Dylan Shoes, and the newly opened bar in the former Cama space, Double Dutch, in the Mission (3192 16th St. at Guerrero St.). For this project, Nate Valentine, Demetrius Chapin-Rienzo, Lawrence Vavra, and Todd Palmerton are working with their Mamacita restaurant partners (Sam Josi, Stryker Scales, and Eric Passetti).
Mamacita's chef, Sam Josi, who previously worked as a sous at Slanted Door, will be crafting a menu of Asian street food with Vietnamese and Japanese dishes and influences. There will be a small sushi bar serving sashimi and nightly maki specials, but the overall emphasis will be on an eclectic round-up of flavorful Asian dishes that will span the five Chinese elements/phases (wood, fire, earth, metal, water). Some potential dishes in the works are Kobe beef tataki with fresh wasabi, shallot oil, quail egg and gyoza crisps; salt 'n' pepper day boat scallops with lemongrass curry cream and Hanoi crab-glass noodle salad; and crispy mung bean crepes with duck confit, red onions, daikon sprouts, and nuoc cham (a veggie variation will also be offered).
I checked out the space a week ago, and it will be really unique for SF: it's a bi-level space, designed to have a more casual izakaya (a Japanese pub that serves small plates) vibe downstairs, with bench seating, easy communal areas, and the sushi bar, while upstairs (keeping company with the kitchen) will have big booths and a more classic dining atmosphere. They are taking inspiration design-wise from some Tokyo restaurants, and there are some cool rock elements going in you'll have to see. 2909 Webster St. at Union St.
Cow Hollow residents may have noticed the quality of some ingredients just got a few notches better at the ~UNION STREET PANTRY~ (no, nothing has happened to the frozen yogurt). Eric Rud is the new owner, a graduate of the Cordon Bleu in Minneapolis, and he recently worked at the Four Seasons San Francisco and the Chez Maman located just next door to the market. For the deli, Rud is making fresh aioli, pesto, and pasta salads, and the sandwiches are made with bread from Bay Bread and with Boar's Head meats. 2217 Union St. at Fillmore St., 415-923-9771.
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Click here to view our bulb planting chart.
All the varieties of outdoor bulbs we offer are suitable planted outdoors somewhere in Maine. With the climate changing, Waterville has been re-assigned from USDA Zone 4 to Zone 5. Fifty miles to the west in the mountains is still Zone 3; and fifty miles east or south, on the coast, is now Zone 6 or higher. Local cold (or warm) pockets, northern slopes, hills and lakes can all affect your micro-climate, and may make the large-scale maps printed by the USDA inaccurate for your plot. Your cooperative extension service may have maps showing local zones or see the USDA's website for a large, full color, detailed zone map. You can use rock walls and heavy mulch to shift conditions to your advantage. We have seen some Zone 7 and 8 plants thriving in south-facing protected pockets in Zone 5.
Bulbs are easy to work with, very rewarding and forgiving. They look best planted in groups or clumps, naturalized in the sod, under trees, or in beds, borders or rock garden. Good drainage is essential; bulbs will grow poorly or rot if they are too wet.
Prepare beds by mixing fertilizer, bonemeal and wood ashes, or other phosphorus and potassium sources into the soil below the level of the bulbs. Mix in compost to lighten heavy soils and increase nutrients. Peat is acidic—use with caution. Although widely available, Holland Bulb Booster contains ingredients which are not approved for organic growers.
Plant bulbs pointed side up; generally the depth of the hole is three times the bulb's height. See our chart showing suggested planting depth and spacing. Topdress the bed with compost.
Mulch your bulbs with 4-6" of leaves, bark, straw, etc. after the ground freezes. If you plant them next to your house, it's especially important to use the higher amount or more, as basement heat and reflected sunlight will likely remove the insulating snow cover, exposing them too early to alternating sunny days and freezing nights, and damaging their growth tips. Wherever they're planted, bulbs need insulation. You need to mulch (or plant extra deep) unless winter will provide a consistent heavy snow cover. A good mulch can also give protection up to half a hardiness zone, enabling you to experiment with bulbs not quite hardy in your zone.
Do not remove the mulch too early in the spring. By keeping the soil from thawing, mulch prevents heaving and false starts in early warm spells, and delays flowering slightly for a more uniform and longer-lasting display. Remove mulch as the bulbs begin to peek through in the spring, and dress the bed with compost or bulb fertilizer.
Pinch the blooms as they fade to discourage seed production and to force the energy back into the bulb. This is especially important for tulips and hyacinths, which can otherwise lose their vigor in 2-3 years.
Do not cut the foliage as long as it remains green; it produces the food for future blooms. Cut leaves only after they yellow. Sidedress with fertilizer or compost in late summer to mid-fall.
If squirrels, chipmunks or voles are a problem, try chicken wire or sharp gravel placed in the ground surrounding the bulbs. (Blood meal also repels many critters, but it also may repel people and attract dogs, skunks or raccoons.) Or plant Narcissus, Allium, Fritillaria or Ipheion, which critters don't generally bother.
To disrupt squirrels' ability to "smell out" the bulbs in new plantings, we routinely dust those areas with black pepper and ground cloves right after planting in the fall and again in the spring when growth first emerges. The odor in the yard, reminiscent of chai, is a nice touch for us.
If after several years your bulbs produce leaves but not flowers, they may be suffering from overcrowding (dig in autumn, separate and replant), insufficient sun (move to new location), undernourishment (sidedress thoroughly) or marginal zone hardiness (give to a friend further south).


The headliner of the Mad-Time Entertainment Music group, Kwaw Kese aka Abodam!! has descended heavily on these so-called prophets of God tormenting the lives of celebrities and other top personalities in Ghana.
In an Instagram video sighted by GhanaCelebrities.Com, the hiplife rapper was captured unleashing his anger on Ghanaian doom prophets, most especially Reverend Owusu Bempah.
Reverend Owusu Bempah, during the 31st December 2018 watch night or something they call crossover section at his church, Glorious Word Power Ministry International, predicted deaths of certain prominent Ghanaian personalities including the Chief Imam.
According to him, the leader of Ghanaian Islamic religion, Shaikh Dr Usmanu Nuhu Shaributu will die in 2019. This doom prophecy about the 'Man of Allah' sparked controversies resulting in some Muslim youth teaming up to destroy properties belonging to Owusu Bempah.
After Ghanaians blasted Owusu Bempah back and front, he, therefore, went to the Chief Imam to render his apologies in an attempt to make peace with them.
However, 'The Man Insane' has served Owusu Bempah with his bombshell packaged in a video which we have it here for you to watch.
According to the rapper, Chief Imam is the father of the nation, a man whom God has blessed beyond compare, he is above being disrespected by some foolish and stupid pastors who call themselves prophets.
"You these fake pastors with unnecessary prophecies. Let me tell you, you guys for respect the Chief Imam, Woati asi3? Chief Imam is the father of the nation, Chief Imam is the most blessed person in Ghana right now, he is the father of the nation, forget the president and his associates.