text:
\section{\label{intro}Introduction}
Earthquakes are phenomena exhibiting great complexity and strong intermittency.
Statistical mechanical approaches are applied to understand the complex fault systems~\cite{Rundle:RG2003}.
Although the source mechanism of earthquakes is still open, statistical properties of earthquakes are well described by some empirical laws, such as, the Gutenberg-Richter (GR) law~\cite{Gutenberg:AGeo1956} and the Omori law for aftershocks~\cite{Omori:IUT1894}.
The statistical properties of time intervals between successive earthquakes, hereinafter called the interoccurrence times, have been paid much attention and discussed~\cite{Corral:PRL2004, Lindman:PRL2005, Shcherbakov:PRL2005} since Bak {\it et al.} proposed the scaling law by analyzing Southern California earthquakes~\cite{Bak:PRL2002}.
It is shown that the interoccurrence time distribution for the earthquakes occurring on a single fault can be described by the Weibull distribution, and that the Weibull exponent increases with the increase of the magnitude threshold~\cite{Abaimov:GJI2007}.\par

Very recently, in analyzing the Japan earthquake data, we have proposed a statistical feature of interoccurrence times, which states that the probability distribution can be definitely written by the superposition of the Weibull distribution and the log-Weibull distribution~\cite{Hasumi:condmat2008}.
We have reinforced this view that the interoccurrence time statistics show the Weibull - log Weibull transition, which means that Weibull statistics and log-Weibull statistics coexist in the interoccurrence time statistics, and the dominant distribution function then changes from the log-Weibull distribution to the Weibull distribution as the threshold of magnitude is increased.
It was found that the crossover magnitude from the superposition domain to the Weibull domain depends on the location on which we focused.
These features are also observed by analyzing the Southern California and Taiwan earthquake data~\cite{Hasumi:inprep2008}.
Meanwhile, the Weibull - log Weibull transition also appeared in dynamical systems~\cite{Akimoto:PTP2005}.
However, the theoretical background and interpretation of this transition remain to be developed.\par

Many earthquake models have been proposed and simulated to infer the source mechanism of earthquakes and to discuss whether the model reproduces the statistical properties of earthquakes.
The Burridge-Knopoff (BK) model~\cite{Burridge:BSSA1967} is one of the theoretical models of earthquakes.
Recent works on this model have been studied by many authors~\cite{Mori:PRE2008, Xia:PRE2008, Lippiello:EPL2005, Abaimov:NPG2007, Hasumi:PRE2007}.
Abaimov {\it et al.} showed that interoccurrence time distributions depended on the stiffness of the system by simulating the one-dimensional (1D) BK model with the static-dynamic friction law~\cite{Abaimov:NPG2007}.
They found that for a small stiffness the interoccurrence time distribution exhibits an exponential distribution, while for a large stiffness the interoccurrence time distribution restricted to system-wide events obeys the Weibull distribution.
The system-wide events were defined as the events where all blocks slip during an event.
In the 2D BK model, the present author demonstrated that the cumulative distribution of the interoccurrence time can be described by the power law~\cite{Hasumi:PRE2007}, which reproduces the observed behavior~\cite{Abe:PA2005}.
To the best of our knowledge, a mechanical model which exhibits the Weibull - log Weibull transition has not been reported. \par

In this study, we attempt to understand how the Weibull - log Weibull transition and the crossover magnitude are influenced by a change in the major physical quantities, such as frictional properties and stiffness of a fault.
In addition, it is worth discussing whether the BK model shows the Weibull - log Weibull transition.
Thus we study the interoccurrence time statistics produced by the 2D BK model by changing the friction and stiffness parameters and the threshold of magnitude.
As a result, the interoccurrence time statistics exhibit the Weibull - log Weibull transition.

\section{\label{model}The Model and the method}
\begin{figure*}[]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.4\linewidth]{synthetic_2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Schematic illustration of the 2D Burridge-Knopoff (BK) model.}
\label{BK_model}
\end{figure*}
We have simulated the 2D BK model describing the relative motion of faults.
As shown in fig.~\ref{BK_model}, this model consists of two plates, three kinds of springs corresponding to the stress acting on the surface of faults, and blocks whose mass is $m$ interconnected by the linear spring of elastic constants $k_c^x $ and $k_c^y$.
The blocks are connected with a fixed plate by the spring with spring constant $k_p$.
We assume that the slipping direction is restricted to the $y$-direction.
The equation of motion at site $(i,j)$ can be expressed by
\begin{eqnarray}
\ddot{y}_{i,j} = k_c^x(y_{i+1,j}+y_{i-1,j}-2y_{i,j})  +  k_c^y(y_{i,j-1}+y_{i,j+1}-2y_{i,j})  - k_p y_{i,j} -  F\left(\left[v+\dot{y}_{i,j}\right]\right),
\label{eqn:eqm}
\end{eqnarray}
where $y_{i,j}$ is the displacement, $v$ is the plate velocity, and $F$ is the dynamical friction force as a function of the velocity of the block and $v$.
In order to rewrite this equation in a dimensionless form, we define the dimensionless position $U$, the friction function $\phi$, and time $t'$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
U_{i,j}= y_{i,j}/D_0 = y_{i,j}/(F_0/k_p),  F(\dot{y}_{i,j}) = F_0\phi(\dot{y}_{i,j}/v_1),  t' = \omega_pt = \sqrt{k_p/m}\; t, \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $F_0$ is the maximum friction force and $v_1$ is a characteristic velocity.
Substituting these parameters for $y, t,$ and $F$, we obtain the non-dimensional equation of motion,
\begin{eqnarray}
\ddot{U}_{i,j} = l_x^2(U_{i+1,j}+U_{i-1,j}-2U_{i,j})  +  l_y^2(U_{i,j-1}+U_{i,j+1}-2U_{i,j})  - U_{i,j} -  \phi \left(2\gamma \left[\nu+\dot{U}_{i,j}\right]\right),
\label{eqn:noneqm}
\end{eqnarray}
where dots indicate derivatives with respect to $t'$.
$l_x (= \sqrt{k_c^x/k_p})$ and $l_y (= \sqrt{k_c^y/k_p})$ are the stiffness in the $x$ and $y$ directions, respectively.
$\nu$ represents the dimensionless loading velocity, which stands for the ratio of the plate velocity to the maximum slipping velocity $\omega_p D_0$.
$\phi$ is the dynamical friction function. As the form of $\phi$, we use a velocity-weakening friction force introduced in Ref.~\cite{Carlson:PRA1991},
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi (\dot{U}) = \left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
(-\infty, 1] & \dot{U}=0,\\
{\displaystyle \frac{(1-\sigma)}{\{1+2\gamma[\dot{U}/(1-\sigma)]\}}} & \dot{U}>0,
\end{array}
\right.
\label{friction_function}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\gamma$ is a decrement in the dynamical friction force, and $\sigma$ is the difference between the maximum friction force and the dynamical friction force $\phi(0)$.
To forbid a back slip, which means that a block slips in the $-y$ direction, $\phi (\dot{U})$ ranges from $-\infty$ to 1, arbitrarily.
This system is governed by five parameters, $l_x, l_y, \sigma, \nu$, and $\gamma$. Throughout this work $\sigma$ and $\nu$ are set at 0.01, because our previous work reported that the optimal parameters of this model are estimated to be $l_x^2=1, l_y^2=3, \sigma = 0.01, \nu=0.01$, and $\gamma=3.5$ in view of the reproduction of statistical properties of earthquakes, for instance, the GR law with $b=1$, the Zipf-Mandelbrot type power law for interoccurrence time statistics~\cite{Hasumi:PRE2007}.
We calculate Eqs.~(\ref{eqn:noneqm}) and (\ref{friction_function}) under the free boundary condition with the 4th order Runge-Kutta algorithm with the system size $(N_x, N_y)=(100,25)$.

In this model, a time when a block slips for the first time during an event is considered as the earthquake occurrence time.
The $n$th interoccurrence time is defined as $\tau_n = t_{n+1}-t_{n}$, where $t_{n}$ and $t_{n+1}$ are the occurrence times of the $n$th and $n+1$th earthquake, respectively.
The interoccurrence statistics are then studied by changing $l_x^2, l_y^2, \gamma$, and the threshold magnitude $m_c$.
A seismic magnitude $m$ in this model is defined as $m = \log_{10} \left( \sum _{i,j}^n  \delta u_{i,j} \right)/1.5$.
$\delta u_{i,j}$ stands for the total displacement at site $(i,j)$ during an event and $n$ is the number of slipping blocks. \par
One of our goals in this work is to detect the distribution density function of the interoccurrence time $P(\tau)$.
For this purpose, we selected several kinds of distribution for $P(\tau)$; the Weibull distribution $P_{w}$~\cite{Abaimov:PEP2008, Hasumi:condmat2008}, the log-Weibull distribution $P_{lw}$~\cite{Hasumi:condmat2008, Huillet:EPJB1999}, the power law $P_{pow}$~\cite{Abe:PA2005}, the gamma distribution $P_{gam}$ (in the case of $\delta=1$ in the paper \cite{Corral:PRL2004}), and the log normal distribution $P_{ln}$~\cite{Abaimov:PEP2008, Matthews:BSSA2002} which are defined by,
\begin{eqnarray}
P_w(\tau) = {\displaystyle \left(\frac{\tau}{\beta_1} \right)^{\alpha_1 -1} \frac{\alpha_1}{\beta_1} \exp \left[-\left(\frac{\tau}{\beta_1}\right)^{\alpha_1} \right]}, \nonumber\\
P_{lw}(\tau) = {\displaystyle \frac{(\log (\tau /h))^{\alpha_2 -1}}{(\log \beta_2 )^{\alpha_2}} \frac{\alpha_2}{\tau}
\exp \left[-\left(\frac{\log (\tau /h)}{\log \beta_2}\right)^{\alpha_2}  \right]}, \nonumber\\
P_{pow}(\tau) = {\displaystyle \frac{\beta_3(\alpha_3 -1)}{(1+\beta_3 \tau)^{\alpha_3}}}, \nonumber\\
P_{gam}(\tau) = {\displaystyle \tau^{\alpha_4 -1} \frac{\exp{(-\tau/\beta_4)}}{\Gamma(\alpha_4) {\beta_4}^{\alpha_4}}},\nonumber\\
P_{ln}(\tau) = {\displaystyle \frac{1}{\tau \beta_5\sqrt{2\pi}}\exp \left[-\frac{(\ln(\tau)-\alpha_5 )^2}{2\beta_5 ^2}\right]}, \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $\alpha_{i}, \beta_{i}$ and $h$ are constants and characterize the distribution.
In this time, $h$ is fixed at 0.5.
$\Gamma(x)$ is the gamma function.
$i$ stands for an index number; $i=1, 2, 3, 4$, and 5 correspond to the Weibull distribution, the log-Weibull distribution , the power law, the gamma distribution , and the log normal distribution, respectively.
Note that these distributions have been used as a fitting function of $P(\tau)$.
We will comment on the log-Weibull distribution.
This distribution is constructed by the logarithmic modification of the Weibull distribution.
Generally speaking, the tail of the log-Weibull distribution is much longer than that of the Weibull distribution.
Previously, the log-Weibull distribution was derived from the chain-reaction model introduced by Huillet and Raynaud, and they then applied the log-Weibull distribution to fit the magnitude data in France and Japan~\cite{Huillet:EPJB1999}.
To maintain the statistical accuracy, we analyze the interoccurrence times using at least 100 events.
In this work, the root mean square (rms) test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are used in order to determine the most suitable distribution function.
The rms value is defined as
\begin{eqnarray}
rms = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1} ^{n'} (x_i - x_i')^2}{n'-k}},
\end{eqnarray}
where $x_i$ and $x_i'$ are actual data and predicted data derived from the best-fit curve, respectively.
$n'$ is the number of data plots and $k$ is the number of fitting parameters.
It is well-known that the preferred distribution yields the smallest rms value.
We calculate the rms value by use of the cumulative distribution function obtained from the numerical data to reduce the statistical fluctuations.
Then the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is performed in order to provide a more accurate confidence level, where the maximum deviation statistic $D_{KS}$ which is defined by
\begin{eqnarray}
D_{KS} = \max_i |y_i -y_i'|,
\end{eqnarray}
where $y_i$ and $y_i'$ stand for the actual data of the cumulative distribution and the data estimated from the fitting distribution, respectively.
It is well recognized that the preferred distribution has the smallest value of $D_{KS}$.

\section{Results and Discussion}

\begin{figure*}[]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.95\linewidth]{cumulative_080930.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The cumulative distribution of interoccurrence times in the 2D BK model for different $m_c$. (a), (b), and (c) correspond respectively to the log-Weibull regime $m_c=0.3$, superposition regime $m_c=0.8$, and the Weibull regime $m_c=1.1$. Insets represent the probability density function. In (b), the solid line stands for the optimal parameter fitting by eq.~(\ref{conjecture}), where $\alpha_1=1.19 \pm 0.005, \beta_1=2.21\times 10^{2} \pm 0.56, \alpha_2 = 7.19 \pm 0.03, \beta_2 = 4.31\times 10^{2} \pm 0.89$, and $p=0.40 \pm 0.04$, and the symbols $(\times)$ are the numerical data obtained from 4609 events and 147 data points.}
\label{cumu}
\end{figure*}

\begin{table}
\caption{\label{table1}The results of the rms value, $D_{KS}$, and fitting parameters for different distribution functions.}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
 &distribution&$\alpha_i$ &$\beta_i$&rms & $\ln$ rms & $D_{KS}$ & ln $D_{KS}$ \\
\hline
\hline
  & $P_{w}~(i=1)$ & 1.08$\pm$ 0.007 & 8.29$\times 10^{2}\pm$ 3.34 & 6.4$\times 10^{-3}$ & $-5.05$ & 0.019 & $-3.96$ \\
 $m_c=1.1$ & $P_{lw}~(i=2)$ & 8.05$\pm$ 0.10 & 1.62$\times 10^{3} \pm$ 13.3 & 1.3$\times 10^{-2}$ & $-4.34$ & 0.040 & $-3.21$ \\
 1138 events & $P_{pow}~(i=3)$ & 1.56 $\pm$ 0.04 & 6.36$\times 10^{1} \pm$ 8.42 & 1.3$\times 10^{-1}$ & $-2.07$ & 0.35 & $-1.05$ \\
 70 data points & $P_{gam}~(i=4)$ & 1.02$\pm$ 0.002 & 8.21$\times 10^{2} \pm$ 4.91 & 9.5$\times 10^{-3}$ & $-4.65$ & 0.026 & $-3.65$ \\
  & $P_{ln}~(i=5)$ & 6.33$\pm$ 0.01 & 0.92$\pm$ 0.04 & 2.4$\times 10^{-2}$ &  $-3.71$ & 0.077 &  $-2.56$ \\
\hline
  & $P_{w}~(i=1)$ & 1.31$\pm$ 0.01 & 5.02$\times 10^{1}\pm$ 0.27 & 7.4$\times 10^{-3}$ & $-4.90$ & 0.036 & $-3.32$ \\
 $m_c=0.3$ & $P_{lw}~(i=2)$ & 5.92$\pm$ 0.007 & 9.74$\times 10^{1} \pm$ 0.85 & 8.5$\times 10^{-4}$ & $-7.08$ & 0.0027 & $-5.91$ \\
 19545 events & $P_{pow}~(i=3)$ & 1.70 $\pm$ 0.04 & 5.57$\pm$ 0.55 & 9.5$\times 10^{-2}$  & $-2.35$ & 0.035 & $-1.05$ \\
 80 data points & $P_{gam}~(i=4)$ & 1.01$\pm$ 0.005 & 4.86$\times 10^{1} \pm$ 0.90 & 2.3$\times 10^{-2}$ & $-3.78$ & 0.11 & $-2.23$ \\
  & $P_{ln}~(i=5)$ & 3.59$\pm$ 0.005 & 0.79$\pm$ 0.01 & 6.5$\times 10^{-3}$ & $-5.03$ & 0.025 & $-3.69$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

We attempt to trace a change in the interoccurrence time statistics by changing $m_c$.
Our previous work~\cite{Hasumi:PRE2007} was mainly focused on the no-threshold case, $m_c=-\infty$.
The cumulative distributions of the interoccurrence times for different $m_c$ are displayed in Fig.~\ref{cumu} for $l_x^2=1, l_y^2=3, \sigma = 0.01, \nu=0.01$, and $\gamma=3.5$.
For (a), (b), and (c), $m_c$ is set at $m_c=0.3$, 0.8, and 1.1, respectively.
The results of the rms value and $D_{KS}$ for a different distribution function for $m_c=1.1$ and $m_c=0.3$ are listed in Table~\ref{table1}.
As can be seen from the table, for small $m_c$, (e.g., $m_c=0.3$) the interoccurrence time distribution obeys the log-Weibull distribution, whereas for a large $m_c$ (e.g., $m_c=1.1$) the Weibull distribution is preferred.
However, the fitting accuracy of the Weibull distribution becomes worse when $m_c$ is decreased.
At the same time, the fitting accuracy of the log-Weibull distribution becomes worse as $m_c$ is increased.
Hence, we think that for the intermediate case (b), the distribution can be described by the superposition of the Weibull distribution and the log-Weibull distribution because the Weibull components and the log-Weibull components of  $P(\tau)$ do not disappear suddenly.
Actually, $P(\tau)$ is well fitted by the superposition of the Weibull distribution and the log-Weibull distribution.
Taken together, the probability distribution of the interoccurrence time can be expressed explicitly by the following;
\begin{eqnarray}
P(\tau)= p\times {\text {Weibull distribution}} + (1-p)\times {\text{log-Weibull distribution}},
\label{conjecture}
\end{eqnarray}
where $p$ means the rate of the Weibull distribution in the range, $0 \le p \le 1$ and depends on $m_c$.
As for $p=1$, $P(\tau)$ obeys the Weibull distribution,  whereas for $p = 0$, $P(\tau)$ follows the log-Weibull distribution.
$P(\tau)$ is characterized by five parameters, $\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \beta_1, \beta_2$, and $p$, while for the pure Weibull and log-Weibull regimes, the number of fitting parameters is two; $\alpha_1$ and  $\beta_1$ for $P_{w}$, and $\alpha_2$ and $\beta_2$ for $P_{lw}$.
It is reported that the interoccurrence time distribution can be described by the superposition of the log-Weibull distribution and the Weibull distribution in the same manner of eq.~(\ref{conjecture}) by analyzing the Japan, California, and Taiwan earthquake data~\cite{Hasumi:condmat2008, Hasumi:inprep2008}. \par

\subsection{Friction parameter $\gamma$ dependence}

\begin{figure*}[]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.95\linewidth]{friction_080930.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Change in fitting parameters as a function of $m_c$ for different $\gamma$ values while fixing $l_x^2=1$ and $l_y^2=3$ $(\circ: \gamma=2.5, ~\square: \gamma=3.5,$ and $\triangle: \gamma=10)$. The Weibull components, the log-Weibull components, and the rate of Weibull distribution are shown in (a), (b), and (c), respectively.}
\label{friction}
\end{figure*}
Next, we focus on a change in fitting parameters by varying the friction parameter $\gamma$ and $m_c$.
For this purpose, we allow $\gamma$ to range from 1.0 to 10 while fixing $l_x^2=1$ and $l_y^2=3$.
Figure.~\ref{friction} shows the dependence of the fitting parameters on $m_c$ for different $\gamma$ values ($\gamma=2.5~(\circ), 3.5~(\square)$, and 10~$(\triangle)$).
As can be seen from Fig.~\ref{friction} (a), the Weibull exponent $\alpha_1$ gradually decreases, and the characteristic  time $\beta_1$ increases double exponentially.
Note that $\beta_1$ increases more rapidly for a large value of $\gamma$.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{friction} (b), the log-Weibull exponent $\alpha_2$ increases linearly, and the characteristic time $\beta_2$ increases exponentially with $m_c$.
The rate of the Weibull distribution $p$ ranges from 0 to 1 as $m_c$ is increased, indicating the fact that the distribution $P(\tau)$ exhibits the Weibull - log Weibull transition (see Fig.~\ref{friction} (c)).
The transition magnitude from the log-Weibull regime to the superposition regime and from the superposition regime to the Weibull regime is denoted respectively by $m_c^{*}$ and $m_c^{**}$ depending on $\gamma$; $m_c^{*}=0.4$ and $m_c^{**}=1.2$ for $\gamma=2.5$, $m_c^{*}=0.5$ and $m_c^{**}=1.1$ for $\gamma=3.5$, and $m_c^{*}=0.5$ and $m_c^{**}=0.9$ for $\gamma=10$.
We conclude that the Weibull - log Weibull transition holds while changing $\gamma$.

\subsection{Stiffness parameters $l_x^2$ and $l_y^2$ dependence}
\begin{figure*}[]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.95\linewidth]{stiffness_080930.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The relation between fitting parameters and $m_c$ for different $l_x^2$ and $l_y^2$, whereas $\gamma=3.5$ $(\circ: l_x^2=l_y^2=1, \square: l_x^2=l_y^2=3$, and $\triangle: l_x^2=4$ and $l_y^2=8)$. The components of the Weibull distribution and the log-Weibull distribution are displayed in (a) and (b), respectively. In (c) the ratio of Weibull distribution is shown.}
\label{stiffness}
\end{figure*}
In the second performance of our simulation, we focus on the relation between interoccurrence times and stiffness parameters, $l_x^2$ and $l_y^2$.
In order to achieve this, $\gamma$ is fixed at 3.5, while $l_x^2$ and $l_y^2$ are varied.
As demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{stiffness} (a), the change of the Weibull exponent $\alpha_1$ can be classified into three types; first in the case of $l_x^2=l_y^2=1~(\circ)$, $\alpha_1$ gradually decreases as the $m_c$ is increased.
Second, for $l_x^2=l_y^2=3~(\square)$, although $\alpha_1$ decreases with $m_c$ in the region $m_c \lessapprox 0.1$, $\alpha_1$ increases in the region $m_c \gtrapprox 0.1$.
Finally, for $l_x^2=4$ and $l_y^2=8$ $(\triangle)$, $\alpha_1$ increases with the increase of $m_c$.
Similar tendency is observed by use of the Southern California earthquake data~\cite{Abaimov:GJI2007}.
$\beta_1$ expands double exponentially as $m_c$ increases.
Figure~\ref{stiffness} (b) shows that the log-Weibull components, $\alpha_2$ and $\beta_2$ increase linearly and exponentially, respectively with $m_c$.
Finally, as clearly seen from Fig.~\ref{stiffness} (c), the Weibull - log Weibull transition is observed because $p$ changes from 0 to 1 when $m_c$ is increased in the case, both stiffness parameters small enough, $l_x^2 \lessapprox 3$ and $l_y^2 \lessapprox 3$.
The values of the transition magnitude, $m_c^{*}$ and $m_c^{**}$ depend on $l_x^2$ and $l_y^2$; $m_c^{*}=0.4$ and $m_c^{**}=0.8$ for $l_x^2=l_y^2=1$, and $m_c^{*}=-0.5$ and $m_c^{**}=0.6$ for $l_x^2=l_y^2=3$.
It should be noted that for $l_x^2=4$ and $l_y^2=8$, the pure log-Weibull regime does not appear, because $p>0$ for any $m_c$.
In this case, the interoccurrence time statistics contain both the Weibull and the log-Weibull components, and then the dominant distribution changes from the log-Weibull distribution to the Weibull distribution when the threshold $m_c$ is increased.
The first transition point $m_c^{*}$ cannot be determined clearly, but the second transition point $m_c^{**}$ is estimated to be $m_c^{**}=-0.1$ (see Fig.~\ref{stiffness} (c)). \par

\subsection{System size dependence}
\begin{figure*}[]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.4\linewidth]{size_dependence_080730_2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The ratio of Weibull distribution $p$ as a function of $m_c$ for different numbers of blocks $N$ ($\circ:625$, $\triangle:2500$, $\square:10000$, and $\times:22500$).}
\label{size}
\end{figure*}

The system size dependence of the interoccurrence times is studied to discuss the finite size effect.
In this time, the number of blocks $N$ is changed from $625~(25\times 25)$ to $22500~(150\times 150)$, while other parameters are fixed at $l_x^2=1, l_y^2=3$, and $\gamma=3.5$; $N$ is taken to be $N=625~(25\times 25)$, $N=2500~(50\times 50)$, $N=10000~(100\times 100)$, and $N=22500~(150\times 150)$.
As clearly seen from Fig.~\ref{size}, $p$ changes from 0 to 1 as $m_c$ is increased, suggesting the fact that the Weibull - log Weibull transition appears in all cases.
Transition magnitudes, $m_c^{*}$ and $m_c^{**}$ are then evaluated; $m_c^{*}=0.5$ and $m_c^{**}=0.7$ for $N=625~(\circ)$, $m_c^{*}=0.7$ and $m_c^{**}=1.0$ for $N=2500~(\triangle)$, $m_c^{*}=0.5$ and $m_c^{**}=1.1$ for $N=10000~(\square)$, and $m_c^{*}=0.7$ and $m_c^{**}=1.2$ for $N=22500~(\times)$.
Thus, we conclude that the interoccurrence time statistics, especially the Weibull - log Weibull transition, are retained for a large system size.

\subsection{Origin of the log-Weibull distribution}
As we mentioned, the probability distribution of interoccurrence times can be described evidently by the eq. (\ref{conjecture}).
However, as $l_x^2$ and $l_y^2$ are increased, the pure log-Weibull regime becomes small (e.g., $l_x^2=l_y^2=3$) and then disappears (e.g., $l_x^2=4$ and $l_y^2=8$).
In this study we deduce the role of the log-Weibull distribution in view of the magnitude distribution.
The cumulative number of earthquakes $N$ whose magnitude is greater than or equal to $m$ $(N \ge m)$ as a function of $m$ for different parameters produced by the 2D BK model are presented in Fig.~\ref{magnitude}.
The arrow in Fig.~\ref{magnitude} stands for the pure log-Weibull regime where $p=0$.
As shown this figure, when the distribution obeys the power law, the pure log-Weibull regime can be observed, suggesting the conjecture that the origin of the log-Weibull distribution in the 2D BK model is related to the power law magnitude distribution.
Note that the parameter region, where the magnitude distribution obeys the power law globally, is limited.
For $l_x^2=1, l_y^2=3$, and $\gamma=3.5$, the power law exponent $b$ is $b=1.10$, which is the similar to that value obtained from the earthquake data, $b \sim 1$.

\begin{figure*}[]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.4\linewidth]{magnitude_080930_2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The cumulative number of earthquakes as a function of magnitude obtained from the 2D BK model. Circles ($\circ$), squares ($\square$), triangles ($\triangle$), and plus signs ($+$) correspond to the case of  $l_x^2=1$, $l_y^2=3$, and $\gamma=3.5$, $l_x^2=1, l_y^2=3,$ and $\gamma=2.5$, $l_x^2=3, l_y^2=3$, and $\gamma=3.5$,  and  $l_x^2=4, l_y^2=8$, and $\gamma=3.5$. The log-Weibull region, where $p=0$ is denoted by an arrow.  All the plots except for the case of $l_x^2=1, l_y^2=3$, and $\gamma=3.5$ are shifted vertically for clarity.}
\label{magnitude}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{The onset mechanism of the Weibull distribution}
Next, we focus on the onset mechanism of the Weibull distribution from the viewpoint of the average event size.
Here, the size of an event is defined as the number of slipping blocks during the event.
It was shown that the time-interval distribution of the system-wide events obeys the Weibull distribution~\cite{Abaimov:NPG2007, Abaimov:PEP2008}.
This enables us to the conjecture that the Weibull distribution is induced from the enhancement of the average event size, $\bar{S}$.
This conjecture is supported in Fig.~\ref{size_p}, where we show the relation between the ratio $p$ and the average event size $\bar{S}$, and the parameter values correspond to the cases treated in Fig.~\ref{friction} (c).

\begin{figure*}[]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.4\linewidth]{size_080930.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The relation between the average size event and the ratio of the Weibull distribution. Circles ($\circ$) and squares ($\square$) correspond to the case of  $l_x^2=1$, $l_y^2=3$, and $\gamma=3.5$ and $l_x^2=1, l_y^2=3,$ and $\gamma=2.5$, respectively.}
\label{size_p}
\end{figure*}

\section{Concluding Remarks}
We analyzed the interoccurrence time statistics produced by the 2D BK model by varying the dynamical parameters, $l_x^2, l_y^2$, and $\gamma$, for different thresholds of magnitude $m_c$.
It is found that the probability distribution of the interoccurrence time can be described by the superposition of the Weibull distribution and the log-Weibull distribution.
The statistics depend on $l_x^2, l_y^2$, and $\gamma$ and exhibit the Weibull - log Weibull transition, which states that the distribution function changes from the log-Weibull regime to the Weibull regime when $m_c$ is gradually increased.
As $l_x^2$ and $l_y^2$ are increased, the log-Weibull domain becomes small and then disappears.
On the contrary, the interoccurrence time distribution of large magnitude events always shows the Weibull distribution.
Additionally, we proposed a new insight into the 2D BK model; the model can be recognized as a mechanical model exhibiting the Weibull - log Weibull transition.
In this study, it is shown for the first time that the interoccurrence time distribution exhibits the log-Weibull distribution, reinforcing the view that the long-range correlation hides in the 2D BK model.
Thus, we will focus on the analysis of the spatio-temporal correlation in future.
In the BK model, fault dynamics are modeled as the stick-slip motion so that we infer that there is a possibility that other physical systems exhibiting the stick-slip motion might show the Weibull - log Weibull transition.
We believe that this study provides a clue to the origin and the interpretation of this transition.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This work is partly supported by the Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society.
TH is grateful for research support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Earthquake Research Institute cooperative research program at the University of Tokyo.
Thanks are also extended to Dr. Sergey Abaimov and the three anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Let's Talk About ADHD – a summary
May 31, 2022 ameliaphelps Leave a comment
Amelia Phelps Journalism
In Future Cultures, students are tasked with producing a digital artefact (DA) that addresses the future and has a clear target audience and public utility.
In this summary I will:
Outline my DA – including the concept, methodology, public utility and trajectory.
Identify background research that informed my DA.
Provide evidence of continual refinement of DA across the duration of the semester – a timeline comparison of the one included in my original DA pitch vs. how the project actually progressed.
1. DA overview
At the start of this semester, I pitched a concept to produce a business plan for my pre-existing Instagram account/brand – Let's Talk About ADHD – spanning across three blog posts, as well as a nine-week content production/posting schedule. The resulting final product closely reflects this pitch; however, a structural change to the business plan was made and it was split into two posts rather than…
The Future of Let's Talk About ADHD – Part 2
For my BCM325 Digital Artefact (DA), I am producing a business plan that spans across a two-part blog series. The plan addresses the short-term future of my brand – Let's Talk About ADHD – and personal career. Part 2 includes a competitive market overview, summary of digital content created across the span of the DA, content calendar for May 2022 and a coinciding post and profile metric performance report, 2-year planned trajectory for my business and an audio segment on the future of content creation and digital marketing.
Image 1: The Future of Let's Talk About ADHD – Part 2
Source: Amelia Phelps | Canva
Competitive Overview
Until 2021, there were but a few ADHD content creators online – think@adhd_couple,@the_mini_adhd_coachand@adhd_alien. These creators had their own distinct brand, name, style of content and followings. But the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns saw anexponential growth
The Impact Of Films From The Future
May 28, 2022 michaelblack54 Leave a comment
Contextual Report
Grab from an edit for Insta page
Reflecting on some of the movies we have been watching and discussing in class, I wanted to explore the idea of what portrayals of the future will look like…in the future.
We can see through the observation of movies the wonders that the future may hold or what was once believed the future would definitely be like. What I wanted to explore was how accurate these portrayals have been and what portrayals of the future will look like knowing what we know now. The whole idea here with this idea was to reflect upon the differences between what people believed the future would be like and what the future actually turned out to be like as we are living in it.
My plan was to make an Instagram page in which I would post clips and screen grabs from movies we…
The future of the UOWDMS society – Contextual Report
May 28, 2022 maddyhawkinsss Leave a comment
Maddy Hawkins
This semester of BCM325 Future cultures I have been utilising my role as an executive within the UOW Digital Media Society. My digital artefact (which you can find here) looks into the short (1 year), medium (3 years) and long (5 years) future of the society. It consists of a future plan document which will be used to inform the 2022-2023 executives with the society's current situation and our 5 year future plan.
To further the future progress of the UOWDMS through my digital artefact I have also created the UOW Digital Media Society Facebook group a central location for BCM students to network, get the latest on internship and job opportunities and know about upcoming events.
Weekly Lectures and Readings
The lecture content and weekly readings have led to exploring through my digital artefact the concept of futurists and the possible and probable future through Wendell…
BCM325 LIVE-TWEETING SUMMARY #2
May 28, 2022 nataliehannan Leave a comment
NATALIE HANNAN
After the first five weeks of live-tweeting our BCM325 science-fiction film screenings, I was excited to dive into the remaining movies on our list. The schedule from weeks 6 – 11 included:
1. Robot and Frank
2. Arrival
3. Alita: Battle Angel
4. Ready Player One
5. Don't Look Up
One thing that was beneficial about BCM325 this session was our ability to live-tweet and watch the film in our own time, especially if we weren't able to attend the seminar. This option was necessary for me in the final weeks of the subject, as I became unwell and was admitted into hospital. Not the best timing, but health comes first, and to my great amusement (and pleasure) there was a solid rotation of Marvel and science-fiction films on the hospital move channels!
The methods I applied to make the live-tweeting process less overwhelming proved to be effective in weeks…
Digital Artifact Contextual Report – Cybernetic Future (#bcm325)
May 27, 2022 anthonyvorrias Leave a comment
The Vorrias Blog
My digital artifact was based on the aspects of cybernetic implants, prosthetics and other similar technologies. Some of the weekly lectures and topics were able to inspire me to do a topic like this, as I have always been curious about such technology and wanted to search into it more.
Some of the aspects that I wanted to consider when it came to cybernetic technology was its pros and cons and how it can make an impact, both negatively and positively in the future, as further technological breakthroughs and developments are being made as each year goes by. The key lecture topics that I found to fit my digital artifact were week 5 (cybernetic and cyberpunk) and week 9 (cyborgs), with each of these topics having a relevant film to the topic that we would view each week, such as Alita Battle Angel (2019) in week 9 and The Matrix…
Cybernetics Digital Artifact Summary (#bcm325)
Earlier on this semester, I created the idea of a digital artifact that explores certain areas of cybernetics and cyborg technology. I had planned out to create content weekly and showed a rough idea of how I would execute on researching the topic of a video early on in the week and create the video later on in that same week, which did not turn out the way it was expected to be with the many ideas, changes and challenges being discussed and expressed in this post.
My digital artifact (commonly known as a DA) is based on cybernetics and cyborg technology, where some of the video topics would discuss about how society may look like within the short term to long term future (from five to twenty years onward) and see how much of an impact these areas of technology would make, whether it would be negative or positive…
MNM Hub REPORTING STAGE
May 27, 2022 jacobhuisman01 Leave a comment
MMM Hub
MNM Hub has been a project running throughout my entire university degree, not because I have to do it, but because I enjoy it. This semester I was looking more in-depth into the reaction genre as presented in my pitch and how I can present new and innovative ideas for the YouTube scene.
There were a few sources I found regarding the reaction genre such as How Reaction Videos Took Over The Content Universe Amid The Pandemic and A Look Into The Culture Of Reaction Channels. These were helpful in finding not just more information about the scene itself, but the limitations and criticisms of the YouTube genre itself. Week 8 was probably one of the most exciting weeks for my topic; Chris's lecture on futurists I found super interesting, as that was exactly what I was trying to do. In my own little reaction world I was trying…
Artificial Intelligence Implications: The Contextual Report
May 27, 2022 Jacob Suter Leave a comment
Jacob Suter
Artificial Intelligence Implications – Blog Series Pitch
VIEW PITCH PRESENTATION BLOG
Digital Artifact Links
Twitter Account used to promote DA
Reddit Account used to promote DA
Blog Episode One – Artificial Intelligence Implications: The Future of ModernWargaming!
Blog Episode Two – Artificial Intelligence Implications: The Future of FormulaOne
Blog Episode Three – Artificial Intelligence Implications: The Future of DigitalMarketing
Audio Episode One – Artificial Intelligence Implications: The Future of Modern Wargaming!
Audio Episode Two – Artificial Intelligence Implications: The Future of Formula One
Audio Episode Three – Artificial Intelligence Implications: The Future of Digital Marketing
Approaching and Overcoming the Future Cultures DA Challenge
on specific industries was grounded from the offset to tackle the Future Culture challenge as a means of providing valuable insight into a for my audience to consume, while also make their own interpretations of the implications discussed.
Educate, Encourage and Cultivate Future Planning from my Digital…
The Evolution of Reaction Channels, and the Future
MNM Hub is a YouTube reaction channel I created in 2020 called initially "MMM Hub". On this channel, I react to a bunch of different music artists in an attempt to develop a well-edited, comprehensive video on a regular basis. I also want to eventually branch out past just reactions into the realm of discussion-based videos, while still using music as my primary drive.
Using a few sources I'll be looking directly into the history and future of reaction channels in order to create an understanding of how content is going to revolutionise over the next few years.
The science behind why so many people love reaction videos is quite interesting, here is a source briefly describing why:
"This is what I like to call the "just like me" factor. This is why, in addition to react videos, we love watchingproposal videosor watching someone spectacularly wipe out—and…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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CARTAGENA, Colombia -- At the Church of St. Peter Claver, a saint venerated throughout the Americas as a champion of human rights, Pope Francis offered special prayers for Venezuela and its people suffering in the midst of a huge political and economic crisis.
"From this place, I want to assure my prayers for each of the countries of Latin America, especially for nearby Venezuela. I expressed my closeness to each of the sons and daughters of this beloved nation, as well as for those who have found in Colombia a place of welcome," he said Sept. 10 in Cartagena.
Venezuela has been torn by violence and stricken with severe shortages of food and medicine as its political crisis drags on. More than 100 people have died in protests as President Nicolas Maduro has attempted to install a constituent assembly to rewrite the nation's constitution and consolidate his power.
"From this city, the seat of human rights, I call for the cessation of every kind of violence in political life," the pope said. He expressed hope for a peaceful solution to the "grave crisis" Venezuela is experiencing and which affects all its citizens, "especially the poorest and most disadvantaged in society."
Driving through the streets of the Caribbean coastal city, the popemobile braked suddenly, and Pope Francis hit his head. A big bump appeared quickly on his left cheekbone and a few specks of blood from his scratched eyebrow stained his white soutane.
After a quick treatment with ice, according to the Vatican, the pope was back in the popemobile making his way to the Church of St. Peter Claver, the Jesuit who devoted the last 40 years of his life to caring for and ministering to African slaves.
Earlier, arriving from Bogota for the last day of his five-day visit, Pope Francis went to one of Cartagena's poorest neighborhoods, where he blessed the cornerstone for a series of houses for particularly vulnerable people: the homeless and victims of trafficking.
The homes are sponsored by Talitha Kum, an international network to fight trafficking; the network is sponsored by the women's and men's international unions of superiors general. The pope also visited the home of Lorenza Perez, 77, who has worked for decades as a volunteer cook at a church-run soup kitchen.
Pope Francis told the crowd outside St. Peter Claver Church that the two stops "have done me much good because they demonstrate how the love of God is made visible each day."
In his main Angelus address, he spoke of the story of Our Lady of Chiquinquira, a venerated image of Mary. Painted in 1560, the image was damaged by rain and forgotten. But a few years later, a local woman found it. Pope Francis said, "She had the courage and faith to put this blurred and torn fabric in a special place, restoring its lost dignity. "
"This woman became a model for all those who, in different ways, seek to restore the dignity of our brothers and sisters lost through the pain of life's wounds, to restore the dignity of those who are excluded," the pope said. She should be a model for those who try to provide dignified housing and care to the disadvantaged.
Before entering the church and praying silently before the relics of St. Peter Claver, Pope Francis spoke about him, as well.
The Jesuit, who arrived in Colombia in 1610, would go to the port when the slave ships came in. He would visit the slaves on the boats and in the cells where they were held before being sold, bringing them food, treating their wounds and teaching them about Jesus.
"He often ministered to these slaves simply through evangelizing gestures," the pope said, because he did not know their languages and they did not know Spanish. However, "he knew that the language of charity and mercy was understood by all. Indeed, charity helps us to know the truth, and truth calls for acts of kindness."
Tying the morning events together, Pope Francis said, "Here in Colombia and in the world millions of people are still being sold as slaves; they either beg for some expressions of humanity, moments of tenderness, or they flee by sea or land because they have lost everything, primarily their dignity and their rights."


So I've always been considered a "social butterfly" or someone who can easily make friends. But at the age of 15 I got into a relationship that lasted 5 years, all of my friends quickly became "our friends".. well after a messy break up, I lost everyone I thought had my back. I sunk into a deep depression, and really lost everyone. Fast forward a year and I had zero friends, no boyfriend. And basically sat in my room all day all night wanting to kill myself. Eventually I met someone via tinder and we've been together 9 months now, but he's still my only friend. I have no social interaction besides him. I work from home as a nanny, and I have a terrible fear of trying to make friends because I literally don't know how anymore. I fear that my mental health is a burden, that I'm not interesting enough, that I can't carry on a conversation.
How do I combat this and become a functioning adult? I don't want to live like this anymore, I don't want to be lonely for the rest of my life.
I honestly don't know what my "hobbies" are. I do daycare for my nephew at home 4 days a week 7:30am to 6:30pm and I'm usually too tired after to do anything but binge Netflix. On days off I pretty much just sit in my room and isolate myself watching YouTube videos and Netflix lol. Not saying any of this is healthy, it's just where I'm at. Hopefully now that it's finally starting to thaw out here in Michigan I'll be able to do some outdoor stuff, because I do enjoy nature walks.
This post made me smile. I'd probably write the same if my baby girl were still living.


text:
Bush Opposed To Military Service (english)
by pResident AWOL	 13 Nov 2002
Modified: 03:54:40 PM
pResident Bush is historically opposed to military service. Let's follow his example.
In a news conference on 11 October 2001, President George W. Bush said "we learned some very important lessons in Vietnam." All members of the U.S. armed forces should take a moment and familiarize themselves with the important lessons that George Bush learned during the Vietnam War. Since war in Iraq is inevitable, let?s do everything we can to encourage the men and women of the U.S. armed services to follow the example of their Commander-in-Chief when called upon to go into battle.
In May 1968, American soldiers were dying in combat in Southeast Asia at a rate of about 350 per week. George W. Bush was twelve days away from losing his student draft deferment (meaning that he?d be eligible for draft into the Vietnam War) when he abruptly decided that he should join the 147th Fighter Group of the Texas Air National Guard. In spite of the very long waiting list and having only scored the lowest acceptable grade on the pilot aptitude qualification test, this son of a Houston-based congressman managed to enlist on the same day that he applied, and a special ceremony was staged so he could be photographed swearing in for duty (a second special photo opportunity was arranged when Bush was commissioned a second lieutenant as Bush?s father the congressman [a supporter of the Vietnam War] stood proudly in the background). According to Shrub?s former commanding officer, Bush ?said he wanted to fly just like his daddy.? Other members of the Texas Air National Guard at the time included the aide to the speaker of the Texas House and at least seven members of the Dallas Cowboys professional football team; Bush?s 147th Fighter Group was known as the "Champagne Unit" because it also included the sons of future Senator Lloyd Bentsen and Texas Governor John Connally.
Immediately following his promotion to second lieutenant, Bush was put on inactive duty status and spent more than two months in Florida working for Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate, Edward J. Gurney. When he wasn?t handing out Gurney press releases and making sure that the reporters didn?t oversleep, Bush returned to Houston for weekend Guard duty. In early 1970, Bush rented a one-bedroom apartment at the exclusive Chateaux Dijon complex in Houston, a building with six swimming pools where Bush played all-day water volleyball games and dated many of the single women who lived there.
In 1973, as Bush?s daddy was being considered for a new job as chairman of Nixon?s Republican National Committee, Dubya secured an early release from the National Guard to start at Harvard Business School, eight months short of his full six-year hitch, and transferred to a reserve unit in Boston for the rest of his time. ?One of my first recollections of him,? says classmate Marty Kahn, ?was sitting in class and hearing the unmistakable sound of someone spitting tobacco. I turned around and there was George sitting in the back of the room in his [National Guard] bomber jacket spitting in a cup.? Bush?s acceptance into Harvard Business School surprised some, since he had graduated from Yale a full five years before.
Urge enlisted men and women to do like Bush did: avoid combat at all costs, hang out, sleep late, and lead an active social life; when called upon to fight a war for your great nation, see if you can to pull political strings in order to avoid the infantry and chose instead to spend two years in flight training in San Antonio and another four years in part-time service in your home state. If you lack the ruling-class connections, than you should be obliged to do whatever you can to follow the lead of your Commander-in-Chief: cheat, lie, malinger, and go AWOL. Desert while you can; killing and dying for ruling-class petrocrats is for chumps.
Whose Commander-In-Chief? (english)
by Jon Chance
jpchance (nospam) egroups.com (unverified)	 13 Nov 2002
Actually, since Dubya and most Republicrats aren't lawfully elected, what makes you think such a puppet is "our" Commander-In-Chief?
Furthermore, if we formally revived our citizens defense (militia) as done in NEUTRAL Switzerland, "our" government wouldn't be employed by world banksters as their global "cops" (terrorists) and weapons supplier.
Paul Wolfowitz and others among the Bilderberg Group are pulling the puppet-politicians' strings:
On February 5, 2001, President Bush announced his intention to nominate Dr. Paul Wolfowitz to be Deputy Secretary of Defense. He was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on Feb. 28th and sworn in March 2, 2001 as the 28th Deputy Secretary of Defense. This is Dr. Wolfowitz's third tour of duty in the Pentagon.
For the last seven years, Dr. Wolfowitz has served as Dean and Professor of International Relations at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of The Johns Hopkins University. SAIS is widely regarded as one of the world's leading graduate schools of international relations with 750 students, studying on campuses in Washington, D.C.; Nanjing, China; and Bologna, Italy. As Dean, he led a successful capital campaign that raised more than $75 million and doubled the school's endowment. Also under his leadership, the curriculum and facilities were modernized and new faculty and programs were added to shift the school's focus from the Cold War to the era of globalization.
From 1989 to 1993, Dr. Wolfowitz served as Under Secretary of Defense for Policy in charge of the 700-person defense policy team that was responsible to Secretary Dick Cheney for matters concerning strategy, plans, and policy. During this period Secretary Wolfowitz and his staff had major responsibilities for the reshaping of strategy and force posture at the end of the Cold War.
Under his leadership, the Policy Staff played a major role in reviewing war plans for the Gulf War, and developing and executing plans that successfully raised more than $50 billion in Allied financial support for the war and prevented Iraq from opening a second front with Israel. Other key initiatives included the development of the Regional Defense Strategy, the Base Force, and two presidential nuclear initiatives that led to the elimination of tens of thousands of U.S. and Soviet nuclear weapons.
During the Reagan administration, Dr. Wolfowitz served for three years as U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia - the fourth largest country in the world and the largest in the Moslem world. There he earned a reputation as a highly popular and effective Ambassador, a tough negotiator on behalf of American intellectual property owners, and a public advocate of political openness and democratic values. During his tenure, Embassy Jakarta was cited as one of the four best-managed embassies inspected in 1988.
Prior to that posting, he served three and a half years as Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, where he was in charge of U.S. relations with more than twenty countries. In addition to contributing to substantial improvements in U.S. relations with Japan and China, Assistant Secretary Wolfowitz played a central role in coordinating the U.S. policy toward the Philippines that supported a peaceful transition from the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos to democracy.
Dr. Wolfowitz's previous government service included:
Two years as head of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff (1981-82):
An earlier Pentagon tour as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Regional Programs (1977-80), where he helped create the force that later became the United States Central Command and initiated the Maritime Pre-positioning Ships, the backbone of the initial U.S. deployment twelve years later in Operation Desert Shield;
Four years (1973-77) in the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, working on the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and a number of nuclear nonproliferation issues; and
A year as a Management Intern at the Bureau of the Budget (1966-67).
Dr. Wolfowitz taught previously at Yale (1970-73) and Johns Hopkins (1981). In 1993, he was the George F. Kennan Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College. He has written widely on the subject of national strategy and foreign policy and was a member of the advisory boards of the journals Foreign Affairs and National Interest .
Among his many awards for public service are:
The Presidential Citizen's Medal,
The Department of Defense's Distinguished Public Service Medal,
The Department of State's Distinguished Honor Award,
The Department of Defense's Distinguished Civilian Service Medal, and
The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency's Distinguished Honor Award.
Dr. Wolfowitz received a bachelor's degree from Cornell University (1965) in mathematics, and a doctorate in political science from the University of Chicago (1972).
http://egroups.com/group/jpchance/links/9_11_Investigation_001021231891
egroups.com/group/jpchance


Kevin Durant is one of the NBA's biggest stars, but he's becoming so much more than that to a younger generation.
The 30-year-old nine-time All-Star from the Golden State Warriors on Wednesday opened College Track at The Durant Center, an after-school facility in Prince George County, Md., that will help usher underserved children into college and beyond.
Durant is pledging $10 million over 10 years to provide scholarships, tutoring and emotional and financial assistance to those who enroll.
The facility lies a few blocks from Durant's childhood apartment in Suitland, Maryland.


You expect the best service.
We can help when you don't get it.
It is an unfortunate fact of life that sometimes professionals fail to supply services with the level of skill and care that a client is entitled to expect. Even with the best of intentions, professionals can make mistakes or miss an important point that might have far reaching consequences for you or your business.
Whether that consequence is purely financial or whether there are practical implications that need rectifying, we have the depth and quality of experience to help you obtain a fair redress.
In nearly all instances, raising a dispute with a professional involves dealing with the firm of solicitors appointed by their insurer. We have extensive experience at negotiating with and litigating against insurer's solicitors and we understand the variety of factors that determine their mindset. This allows us to identify for you the tactical approach that is most likely to yield the outcome you want, at a cost that is proportionate to the matters in dispute.
Following a detailed assessment of the merits of your claim, raising a dispute with a professional will usually start with a detailed letter of claim being sent to the firm that has been negligent following which a period of investigation and negotiation will normally follow to ensure both you and the accused professionals have a precise understanding of the points in dispute and the options available for the progression of the dispute.
We will always discuss with you the merits of attempting less formal and costly methods of resolving a negligence dispute, such as mediation, negotiation or arbitration and if none of those options are appropriate in your circumstances, you can be assured by our long track record of successfully obtaining compensation from professionals through the courts.


As the first known parishioner to become a priest, Father Smith appropriately celebrated his first Mass at his church in 1926, and was to return in 1948 from his post in the Bronx to take part in the services marking the 75th anniversary of the Immaculate Conception parish.
One of Father Earley's good friends and benefactors was Daniel G. Reid, known as the "Tin-Plate King"' who owned another of the large estates in town. Mr. Tynan remembers hitching up Betty and driving Father Earley to the Reid mansion (now occupied by Yeshiva Ohel Shemuel) "where he would be warmly greeted by Mr. Reid and introduced around to his wealthy guests. I have no doubt (although he never showed me any thing) that our good pastor never returned from any of these visits without a substantial check tucked away in his vest pocket'.' Mr. Reid contributed the Angelus bell that was hung in a specially-constructed wooden tower adjacent to the church and was said to have paid for a concrete walk to the building, and put a new roof on either the church or rectory.


text:
OECI
Orana Early Childhood Intervention
Janelle Burke
OECI Manager – Bachelor of Education (ECE); Bachelor of Special Education
Janelle has worked with children with disabilities and developmental delays and their families for over 30 years. Janelle has been working at OECI since 1990 as an Educator and more recently as the Centre Manager. Prior to this Janelle worked at Dubbo & District Pre-School and has taught at both TAFE & Charles Sturt University in the Bachelor of Education Degree.
Janelle has been an active member of the NSW Chapter of Early Childhood Intervention Association for over 15 years and is currently the Secretary.
Janelle enjoys spending time with her two grown up daughters and doing patchwork in her spare time.
Doreen Peek
Team Leader and Educator – Diploma of Education
Doreen commenced working at OECI in 2004 as an Educator and is now the Team Leader & Co-ordinator for the Federal Governments Helping Children with Autism & the Better Start Initiatives.
Doreen has worked in many early childhood settings including Dubbo & District Pre-School where she was the Director at the Pre-School and brings many years of experience in working with children with additional needs and their families.
Doreen has tutored at Charles Sturt University in the Bachelor of Education Degree.
In her spare time Doreen assists on the farm and enjoys time with her four grandsons.
Christine Sienkiewicz
Physiotherapist – Bachelor of Applied Science: Physiotherapy
Chris has been working at the centre since 2002 after working at the Dubbo Base Hospital and Commonwealth Rehabilitation Service where she worked with both adults and children.
Chris assists young children to reach their gross motor goals & is responsible for conducting the hydrotherapy sessions we offer at Fitness Focus.
In her spare time Chris drives a "Mum taxi" for her three children to all their various sporting activities and social events and then squeezes in a game of tennis for herself.
Merryn Anderson
Speech Pathologist – Bachelor of Speech Pathology
Merryn has been working at the centre since 2005 following previously working at Community Health, the Spastic Centre, and overseas in Scotland and Wales.
Merryn has a particular interest in feeding difficulties and has recently completed the SOS training.
Merryn is a very busy mum of four children, and enjoys spending time with her family, cooking, and on a rare occasion being able to read a good book.
Speech Pathologist – Bachelor of Health Sciences: Speech Pathology
Bec has been at the centre since 2011 following a short stint at Community Health in Inverell.
Bec has a particular passion for augmentative communication devices and has achieved some wonderful results with some children.
Bec is a mum to her two young children and in her spare time Bec enjoys craft of all sorts, cooking, playing music.
Megan Flint
Occupational Therapist – Bachelor of Health Science (Occupational Therapy)
Megan has been with OECI since 2011. She has previously worked with adults in Inpatient and Community Mental Health for 3 years.
Megan has a particular interest in sensory processing and enjoys supporting children and their families with sensory and behaviour challenges. Megan has completed further training in the SOS approach to Feeding, DIR Floortime, and sensory processing including the therapressure program and therapeutic Listening and uses these techniques to support the families she works with.
Megan is a mu to her two young girls and in her spare time Megan enjoys shopping, reading.
Hayley Atkins
Administration Assistant – Certificate in Office Administration
Hayley has been with the centre since 2011 and has seen the centre grow dramatically during this time resulting in many more administration duties.
Hayley has a variety of duties and responsibilities across the service including the staff and the Board of Management
Hayley has completed MYOB training including Payroll.
Hayley's hobbies include sewing; tennis and watching her children play sports.
Denese Hofman
Bachelor of Occupational Therapy, Diploma of Teaching, Graduate Diploma in Special Education
Denese joined the OECI team in October 2015. She has previously worked in both the Health and Education sectors in Queensland prior to moving to Dubbo in 2011.
In her spare time Denese enjoys participating in sporting activities such as bushwalking and bike riding.
Denese also likes completing craft activities such as scrapbooking and patchwork.
OECI Board
Website by AusClicks Dubbo


text:
module sampleapp.controller {

    import RouteControllerBase = meteorts.RouteControllerBase;

    export class SingleClickController extends RouteControllerBase<router.ISingleClickRouteParams> {
        public template: string = "SingleClickTemplate";

        public waitOn(): any {
            return [Meteor.subscribe(model.AllClicksPublication)];
        }

        public data(): any {
            return {
                click: ClicksCollection.findOne({_id: this.params.clickId})
            };
        }
    }
}

declare var SingleClickController: RouteController;
SingleClickController = RouteController.extend(new sampleapp.controller.SingleClickController());

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Nice thing made with respect and love for the country. The 'stereorypes' look beautiful and nice, and the whole MOC has its own style. The best variant for an Embassy competition!
I've just seen these ones (probably because I had no access to the Internet when you posted them), and they are perfect! Even the faces are wonderful (though they are very simple due to the size), not to mention everything else where new connector parts are used instead of bionicle things.
Great review as usual, WhiteFang! I was really happy to read another episode of your CMF\MF Review Series. Unfortunately I'm not really familiar wih the Simpsons, though I see some episodes occasionaly (but have no opportunity to do it more regulary and so I have no real opinion of them). As Lego things, these minifigures are beautifully detailed, they have the same fascinating style as other recent series. Not sure wheter I'll go to buy them all (well probably no, if only I won't face a box of them in my local store occasionally). But I'm going to get Itchy, Scratchy, mr Burns and probably Bart or Apu simply to own some of these new unusual parts.
These would be perfect set for new Exo-Force collection... I remember it was one of my favorite LEGO themes.
There're lots of wonderful details and decorative elements, I just like how you made all the pediments using racers pieces and Bionicle hands)) Also the outdoor cafe is very beautiful.
Very beautiful, detailed and I believe accurate map\plan of a city! That's simply great, one of things I always wanted to see in bricks. Unbelievable!
I love your display - very creative use of lots of these "collector's lists"! I tried to display my figs in much the same way using a large baseplate, but it all looked very plain because I haven't got the sme background idea. Now my nearly-ful basic collection (withough mr.Gold&Olympics&yet not all from TLM) has its own shelf inside a large bookshelf with glass doors.
The Great hall building with all the deails is both lovely and magnfigent! The shape of the gothic house with a red roof is beautiful, and I especially like these windows!
EB Xmas Raffle 2013: Now on!
I'm not a fan of teddy bears, but that bunny looks really cute!
Now I'm among the winners with my odd-looking horse pictured inside Day 10 'box' and Prize D! I'd be very happy to get Max Rebo as long as other SW figs. Many thanks to CopMike and the whole EB community for this wonderful raffle!
[MOC] Small Siheyuan in Beijing style.
I remember visiting old streets of Beijing last year - that looks very realistic! I particulary adore the roof and traditional Chinese ornaments - they're amazingly recognizable for such a size!
I still have no LOTR orcs, no red leaves, I obviously have no Beorn... By the way I have neither spare money nor place on my shelf, but this set looks too nice after all... Thanks for the review!
Great idea for an official Architecture set - well-known, recognisable, monochrome and contain lots of similar parts. Though it should be smaller to fit a box) Remember visiting Xi'an last year... The only thing the MOC needs are some broken statues, some 1x1 round plates and so on to imitate them.


and we don't want to loose the pool before the season starts. I have kept it clear and the #'s decent over the winter. We are going away over spring break and the daytime temps are starting to creep up and the sun is getting stronger and longer.
Do I just bring my chlorine level up to SLAM?
If your CYA will support it, you can always bring the pool up to SLAM levels and float a chlorine tab to help it stay above minimums. Alternatively (or additionally), if you have a solar cover, you can leave it covered, which will greatly reduce the chlorine burnoff due to sun.
What are your current test numbers in the following format so we can assist with your issue (the most important for this particular issue are in bold)?
First lower your PH to mid 7 range which will help lower your TA-over time. We'd like to see that at about half or a little less. Your CH is fine for a vinyl pool.
At a 55 CYA (how did you get that number - we usually round since being able to see the dot halfway between two of the numbers is not actually half of the difference since the scale is logarithmic), you could likely afford a single CYA tablet. This will push you to the neighborhood of 60 CYA, which is still ok as long as you're maintaining your FC properly.
Were it my pool, I would raise the pool to SLAM level the night before leaving, float a single .5lb chlorine tablet in a floater, and you'll likely be in good shape when you get back. Alternatively, if you have a friendly neighbor, you could provide them with premeasured chlorine doses to put in every third day or so.
I just wanted to thank you for the info, this forum is a huge source of info!!
I brought the pool to SLAM level and just covered it & it was perfect when we got back!
Awesome! Hope you had a good trip.
OK, we are going away again, but now the sun is really strong, on the pool ALL DAY and it's HOT out. We have someone staying at the house and she is going to use the pool so I can't bring it up to SLAM. Our pool has been using anywhere from 8-13 cups of bleach a day. (seems like a lot, I actually had to dump almost a gallon in the night before, but I digress until later) If I have her add 9 cups daily and float a tab, do you all think we will be OK? I am so nervous to get another algae outbreak! I delt with that again about a month ago!
MY BLEACH ISSUE: Just curious as to what your thoughts are as to why I need to be putting in that much bleach daily.
I have NOTHING in the pool, no stairs, no lights... nothing.
I have never let it drop below the recommended # after my last alae debacle, I even added points to my # to make sure it never drops below that again.
The water is safe to swim in up to the slam level so that should not be a concern.
A tab or two in a floater isn't a big deal as long as you realize it will raise your CYA a little higher. FC loss per day for an uncovered pool is between 2 and 4ppm, so I think adding a 1/2 gallon a day isn't that big of a deal. Since you have someone there who wants to use the pool why not show them how to test it so they know it's safe. Print out the FC/CYA chart and circle your CYA so they know where to keep the FC. Show them how to use Pool math so it's even easier for them.
With a vinyl pool TA isn't a huge deal. Check you CSI in pool math, as long as your in range don't worry about it. And with your pH being relatively stable there is even less to worry about. High TA often drives up pH, you battle it down to keep the pH in check. If it isn't moving don't bother, just be happy it isn't 220 and requiring muriatic acid every week like mine.
A TA of 120 can't be all that bad. Mine has been at 140 for over a month, and the pH hasn't budged off of 7.5 for almost that entire time. Almost scary consistent ... seems like a lot of people report wild swings in pH :shrug: Not sure whether or not TA moves much for anyone.


My character is perfect combination such features as: impressionability, emotionality, refined reverie and landed practicality and clarity, inscrutability, mystery and charm, understanding, sympathy and beauty... I am not an angel; I can be a bad girl with good manners. I am very curious and interesting in everything that happens around me.I am an active person who has many interests. I like to dance, I like to spend time with my friends to go to some different places and to have there good time. I love very good music and to dance. I create girls new occurrence with help cosmetics. I like to read the Russian literature!
I want me man to be sincere, generous. To be a real man that I can rely on, can lean on and to be sure in future. I would like this man to be able to love, to listen, to go on compromise in need. I want him to be able to make fireworks and surprises.


Can you please report any illness by telephoning the school office no later than 9.00 a.m. (Please choose Option 1 for absences) – Please do not use Bloomz!
Regarding any other absence or dental/hospital appointments please inform the school office as soon as possible. Again, please do not use Bloomz.
Learning through books week – raising the profile of reading!


text:
Q: How does Haskell printf work? Haskell's type safety is second to none only to dependently-typed languages. But there is some deep magic going on with Text.Printf that seems rather type-wonky.
> printf "%d\n" 3
3
> printf "%s %f %d" "foo" 3.3 3
foo 3.3 3

What is the deep magic behind this? How can the Text.Printf.printf function take variadic arguments like this?
What is the general technique used to allow for variadic arguments in Haskell, and how does it work?
(Side note: some type safety is apparently lost when using this technique.)
> :t printf "%d\n" "foo"
printf "%d\n" "foo" :: (PrintfType ([Char] -> t)) => t

A: The trick is to use type classes. In the case of printf, the key is the PrintfType type class. It does not expose any methods, but the important part is in the types anyway.
class PrintfType r
printf :: PrintfType r => String -> r

So printf has an overloaded return type. In the trivial case, we have no extra arguments, so we need to be able to instantiate r to IO (). For this, we have the instance
instance PrintfType (IO ())

Next, in order to support a variable number of arguments, we need to use recursion at the instance level. In particular we need an instance so that if r is a PrintfType, a function type x -> r is also a PrintfType.
-- instance PrintfType r => PrintfType (x -> r)

Of course, we only want to support arguments which can actually be formatted. That's where the second type class PrintfArg comes in. So the actual instance is
instance (PrintfArg x, PrintfType r) => PrintfType (x -> r)

Here's a simplified version which takes any number of arguments in the Show class and just prints them:
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}

foo :: FooType a => a
foo = bar (return ())

class FooType a where
    bar :: IO () -> a

instance FooType (IO ()) where
    bar = id

instance (Show x, FooType r) => FooType (x -> r) where
    bar s x = bar (s >> print x)

Here, bar takes an IO action which is built up recursively until there are no more arguments, at which point we simply execute it.
*Main> foo 3 :: IO ()
3
*Main> foo 3 "hello" :: IO ()
3
"hello"
*Main> foo 3 "hello" True :: IO ()
3
"hello"
True

QuickCheck also uses the same technique, where the Testable class has an instance for the base case Bool, and a recursive one for functions which take arguments in the Arbitrary class.
class Testable a
instance Testable Bool
instance (Arbitrary x, Testable r) => Testable (x -> r)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Show preloader only once per session Ive been trying some answers on similiar questions but I've not managed to get it to work. I've got the script below witch shows a preloader on the homepage everytime, and I want only to show once per session or the cache is cleared.
Any Help will be much appreciated!
jQuery(window).load(function() {
  jQuery("#status").delay(2000).fadeOut("slow");
  jQuery("#preloader").delay(2500).fadeOut("slow");
});

A: Please try this
jQuery(window).load(function() {
  if (sessionStorage.getItem('dontLoad') == null)
    {
      jQuery("#status").delay(3000).fadeOut("slow");
      jQuery("#preloader").delay(3000).fadeOut("slow");
      sessionStorage.setItem('dontLoad', 'true');
    }
});

The sessionStorage property allows you to access a session Storage object. sessionStorage is similar to Window.localStorage, the only difference is while data stored in localStorage has no expiration set, data stored in sessionStorage gets cleared when the page session ends. A page session lasts for as long as the browser is open and survives over page reloads and restores. Opening a page in a new tab or window will cause a new session to be initiated, which differs from how session cookies work.
FIDDLE DEMO


text:
Education » Search: *
Curriculum(61)
Advanced Education(1)
Business & Economics(8)
Human Resource Management(8)
International Business(8)
Educational Topic
English (Second Language)(50)
Behavior(4)
Classroom Management(4)
68 results for your search
within these results
all of Education
Title / Album Segment / Track
Relevance Title Newest first Oldest first
Study English, Series 2, Episode 5, Virtual Doctor
directed by John Cronshaw, fl. 2004; produced by Sarah Tooth, fl. 2004, ABC Commercial, in Study English, Series 2, Episode 5 (Ultimo, New South Wales: ABC Commercial, 2005), 10 mins
In this episode we will look at linking words in spoken English. Plus the many uses of the word there.
Add/remove item from cite
Cite & share
Cite Email Playlist Share Embed/Link
Sarah Tooth, fl. 2004, ABC Commercial
John Cronshaw, fl. 2004
ABC Commercial
Study English
English (Second Language), English language, English curriculums, Educational methods, Teachers, Teaching
Copyright Message
Copyright © 2013 by ABC Commercial
Study English, Series 2, Episode 6, Lasers
In this episode we will practise structuring a description of how something works and work on vocabulary for describing colours.
Study English, Series 2, Episode 12, Cane Toads
directed by John Cronshaw, fl. 2004; produced by Sarah Tooth, fl. 2004, ABC Commercial, in Study English, Series 2, Episode 12 (Ultimo, New South Wales: ABC Commercial, 2005), 10 mins
In this episode we will talk about expressing attitude and using the words so and such.
English (Second Language), Educational methods, Teachers, Teaching, English language, English curriculums
Study English, Series 2, Episode 17, Naturopathic Medicine
Practise your reading comprehension skills using this episode of Study English.
Study English, Series 2, Episode 18, Outback Tourism
In this episode we will practise using hyphens and also talk about showing contrast.
Being Me, Series 1, Episode 2, Happy to Be Me
directed by Susan Redden, fl. 2004-2010; produced by Susan Redden, fl. 2004-2010, ABC Commercial, in Being Me, Series 1, Episode 2 (Ultimo, New South Wales: ABC Commercial, 2004), 20 mins
This program sets up the idea that our self-esteem is something that can change depending on the situation and how we manage it. It looks at the benefits of high self-esteem and identifies skills for boosting self-esteem such as; knowing our strengths, taking on challenges, staying calm and helpful thinking (self...
This program sets up the idea that our self-esteem is something that can change depending on the situation and how we manage it. It looks at the benefits of high self-esteem and identifies skills for boosting self-esteem such as; knowing our strengths, taking on challenges, staying calm and helpful thinking (self talk).
Susan Redden, fl. 2004-2010, ABC Commercial
Susan Redden, fl. 2004-2010
Classroom Management, Behavior, Education, Educational systems, Behavior modification, Students
Being Me, Series 1, Episode 3, Belonging
This program looks at the benefits of belonging, whether it's in our family, a team, with friends, with a pet or through a connection with a special place. It looks at ways we can make connections with others, at our roles and responsibilities as members of different groups and explores ways to help other people f...
This program looks at the benefits of belonging, whether it's in our family, a team, with friends, with a pet or through a connection with a special place. It looks at ways we can make connections with others, at our roles and responsibilities as members of different groups and explores ways to help other people feel included.
Classroom Management, Behavior, Students, Behavior modification, Educational systems, Education
English: Have A Go, English: Have A Go, Episode 3
directed by Eileen Tuohy, Matthew Flanagan and Chris Adshead; presented by Greg Parker and Joy Smithers; produced by Maija Rove, ABC Commercial, in English: Have A Go (New South Wales: ABC Commercial, 2006), 30 mins
How does the English language work? And how do people use the language to interact in everyday situations? Each program in this series answers the questions using an on-going drama with a range of engaging characters and mini-documentaries. The series also provides structured opportunities for students to put into...
How does the English language work? And how do people use the language to interact in everyday situations? Each program in this series answers the questions using an on-going drama with a range of engaging characters and mini-documentaries. The series also provides structured opportunities for students to put into practice what they are learning.
Maija Rove, ABC Commercial
Eileen Tuohy, Matthew Flanagan, Chris Adshead, Greg Parker, Joy Smithers
English: Have A Go
English grammar, Business & Economics, Australians
English: Have A Go, English: Have A Go, Episode 17
EducationAll of Alexander Street


As U.S. equity markets reached recent & all-time highs during the second quarter, various concerns surfaced resulting in a pullback in not only equities, but bonds and precious metals as well. Despite the implementation of the stimulus package in China committed to infrastructure needs, the Chinese economy continues to soften causing a downturn in basic materials after a short-term spike in prices. With economic growth in question regarding China, all eyes have turned to the U.S. where we are experiencing positive signs in certain areas such as job creation and the housing industry. It is these same positive signs that prompted the Fed to initiate discussions as to how they will proceed with discontinuing the recent round of quantitative easing.
The Fed's proposal certainly had an impact on bond prices where the 10 year Treasury rate jumped by approximately 0.8% during the last two months of the quarter. Our conservative portfolios were negatively impacted due to lower bond prices combined with our cautious allocation to equities, each having a role in contributing to overall portfolio performance relative to equity markets. Examining each component closely we note that the recent increase in interest rates is not being driven by inflationary pressures and that equity markets are trading closer to valuations supported by 2014 earnings estimates. Our conclusion is that bonds may be oversold on a short-term basis and equity markets are currently overvalued relative to 2013 earnings estimates.
We remain true to our balanced approach and see our year-end DJIA target of 13,800 as a support level based on company fundamentals. Our concern as we continue to track earnings adjustments is that less than one third of the companies we follow are reflecting positive trends. The remaining companies are either flat or negative when it comes to adjusting earnings estimates for both the current and following fiscal years. This raises the question as to the ability to sustain equity prices should fundamentals weaken based on projected economic growth. We would prefer to see a self-sustaining economy vs. one that is being supported by the Fed but we do question if such an economy can exist with a projected GDP growth rate of 2.8% for next year.
We would like to thank everyone who attended our Round Table Discussion event. The feedback from those in attendance was extremely positive and it was definitely a pleasure interacting with everyone discussing the issues that we typically cover at our Investment Committee Meetings. Please visit our website, www.ellisinvestmentpartners.com, for more information on our newest team members.


text:
<?php

namespace App\Containers\AppSection\User\Actions;

use App\Containers\AppSection\Authentication\Tasks\GetAuthenticatedUserTask;
use App\Containers\AppSection\User\Tasks\DeleteUserTask;
use App\Containers\AppSection\User\Tasks\FindUserByIdTask;
use App\Containers\AppSection\User\UI\API\Requests\DeleteUserRequest;
use App\Ship\Exceptions\DeleteResourceFailedException;
use App\Ship\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
use App\Ship\Parents\Actions\Action;

class DeleteUserAction extends Action
{
    /**
     * @throws NotFoundException
     * @throws DeleteResourceFailedException
     */
    public function run(DeleteUserRequest $request): void
    {
        $user = $request->id
            ? app(FindUserByIdTask::class)->run($request->id)
            : app(GetAuthenticatedUserTask::class)->run();

        app(DeleteUserTask::class)->run($user);
    }
}


On May 25th 2018 the 'General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)' will guarantee the highest protection of personal data within the EU, bringing new standards in transparency and accountability for all companies which handle personal data.
In early 2017 Gelato formed a competent and experienced cross-functional project group that includes legal, security and technical experts. This team has created a road-map which is well underway for compliance ahead of the deadline.
In the GDPR scheme there are Controllers and Processors for the Processing of Personal Data. Controllers determine the purposes and means of processing the data, and Processors hold or process the data on Controller's behalf.
You, as our customer, are a Controller, and Gelato considers itself also a Controller. Gelato's network of print partners are Processors as needed for service delivery.
As a Controller with a network of Processors, Gelato will enter into data processing agreements with each print partner. You, a Gelato customer therefore, do not need to enter into any additional agreements once GDPR comes into force.
We believe, due to our preparations, Gelato Globe customers and partners can feel confident in continuing working with Gelato.


text:
Home America Now	Five Reasons To Be Excited About The Future
America NowNews
Five Reasons To Be Excited About The Future
by Chris Poindexter August 22, 2016 0 comment
It seems like there's always something to complain about. The pace of modern life is so hectic that even minor annoyances are magnified and personalized. Yet it is the very fact that there's so much opportunity to do more things, learn more things and explore new things that accounts for our shortage of time in the first place. It's our rush to get to the next great thing that makes traffic seem like a personal affront. So, yeah, we're busy but we're busy because the world is already an awesome place filled with fun things to do, to say nothing of our future.
Less than 200 years ago the majority of the world lived in extreme poverty and had a life expectancy under 40 years. Today less than ten percent of the world lives in extreme poverty and our life expectancy is over seventy years. In 1830 it took 3 weeks to get from New York to Illinois. By 1857, within the lifetime of people of that day, the travel time had dropped to just two days. By 1930 you could cross the entire country in two and half days. Today that figure is about six hours. In less than the span of time between breakfast and lunch, you can go from anywhere in the U.S. to anywhere else in the U.S.
If you're middle aged, in just your lifetime you've seen telephones go from a plastic monstrosity screwed to the kitchen wall that connected you to your neighbors, to a slim device that fits in the palm of your hand that connects you to all the knowledge of the world. What's coming is even more awesome.
The ideas that humans are better at steering cars than machines is called illusory superiority. A quick look at the Bureau of Transportation statistics will reveal that humans are collectively horrendous at piloting vehicles. If the standards that we are currently applying to self-driving cars were applied equally to human drivers, a mere handful of us would have a driver's license. And yet self-driving cars are proving equal to the higher standards and are getting better every day. Already Uber has self-driving taxis on the road in Pittsburgh. Trucks that drive themselves are being tested in Nevada and in Germany. Self-driving cars will not only be safer, they'll free up land and time as passengers will be able to do other things besides turn a wheel and push pedals. This isn't going to be a reality for the next generation; this is going to happen in the next 20 years, with the biggest advances happening in the next five. In the near future owning a car will seem as old fashioned as plastic phones screwed to the wall do today.
It is an undeniable fact that if the human race stays on this planet, the human race is going to die on this planet. Space exploration has been handicapped by the tremendously high cost of lofting payloads into space. That's what makes SpaceX successfully landing the first stage booster, both on land and barges bobbing in the middle of the ocean as the most profound development in space flight since the multi-stage rocket. Reusable boosters will slash the cost of lifting payloads into space and make exploring and living in space easier for the human race.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjdgTz8L3Rk
Far from fearing artificial intelligence, we should be embracing it. The myths portrayed in the movies about machine intelligence deciding that humans are inferior is fiction. What the machines will be able to do is automate almost every menial and dangerous task in our lives. Perhaps a better way to say it is the machines will let you choose which menial tasks to automate and which ones you want to do yourself. Some of those menial tasks will be screening compounds for therapeutic potential, exploring new worlds and making all forms of transportation safer. The idea that something only slightly more complex than your Roomba is going to start a nuclear war to wipe out the human race is simply absurd.
While your phone connects you to the knowledge of the world the internet connects you to the educational system of the world. Right now attending classes remotely is still a little chunky as the technology pieces come together but that loop will close in a hurry and the concept of universities as actual places instead of virtual places will continue to evolve at a faster pace. Look at what's happening with Pokemon Go and apply that evolutionary trend to education.
In my working life I've seen individual server racks melt into regional data centers and the data centers give way to massive online cloud databases. That change has allowed data devices to shrink and the need for desktop PCs has been eliminated in all but a handful of specialty applications. The real work of business is now done in a relative handful of data centers run by Google, Amazon, Microsoft and a handful of others. Certainly there are downsides but distributed computing is massively more efficient, allowing for more productivity at lower cost.
Instead of fearing the future, embrace it. The future is going to be an awesome place and, in many ways, it already is.
Five Reasons To Be Excited About The Future was last modified: August 22nd, 2016 by Chris Poindexter
distributed computingefficiencyfuture technologyself-driving carstechnology
Chris Poindexter
Chris Poindexter is a freelance journalist and photographer living in South Florida. He writes for a wide variety of publications on subjects including personal finance, investing, treasure hunting, travel, science and technology. He's the author of several books, including the wildly popular My House Has Wheels, 10,000 Miles In Town and The Recovery and Marine Salvage, Inc. fiction series. He can be reached at chris@chrispoindexter.com.
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text:
#include <AudioToolbox/AudioToolbox.h>

#ifndef __has_feature      // Optional.
#define __has_feature(x) 0 // Compatibility with non-clang compilers.
#endif

@interface EAFWrite : NSObject
{
    ExtAudioFileRef mOutputAudioFile;

    UInt32	mAudioChannels;
    AudioStreamBasicDescription	mOutputFormat;

    AudioStreamBasicDescription	mStreamFormat;
    AudioFileTypeID mType;
    AudioFileID mAfid;
}

-(void)SetupStreamAndFileFormatForType:(AudioFileTypeID)aftid withSR:(float) sampleRate channels:(long) numChannels wordlength:(long)numBits;
- (OSStatus) openFileForWrite:(NSURL*)inPath sr:(Float64)sampleRate channels:(int)numChannels wordLength:(int)numBits type:(AudioFileTypeID)aftid;
- (void) closeFile;
-(OSStatus) writeFloats:(long)numFrames fromArray:(float *)data;
-(OSStatus) writeShorts:(long)numFrames fromArray:(short **)data;

@end


GREAT MILES 17,467! FUEL EFFICIENT 39 MPG Hwy/27 MPG City! Nav System, Moonroof, Heated Leather Seats, Premium Sound System, Dual Zone A/C, Back-Up Camera, [J01] MOONROOF PACKAGE, [U02] 2.5 TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE, Aluminum Wheels READ MORE!
Leather Seats, Heated Driver Seat, Back-Up Camera, Premium Sound System, Aluminum Wheels, Dual Zone A/C, Heated Seats, Heated Leather Seats. Keyless Entry, Remote Trunk Release, Steering Wheel Controls, Child Safety Locks, Heated Mirrors.
2.5 TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE NissanConnect Services, automatic collision notification, remote startvia smartphone, emergency call, stolen vehicle locator, and dealer service scheduling and maintenance alerts, NissanConnect w/Navigation & Mobile Apps, 7" color display, touch screen and Nissan voice recognition for navigation and audio, Predictive Forward Collision Warning (PFCW), Forward Emergency Braking (FEB), Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC), MOONROOF PACKAGE Power Sliding Moonroof w/Tilt. Nissan 2.5 SL with CAYENNE RED exterior and Beige interior features a 4 Cylinder Engine with 182 HP at 6000 RPM*.
Family Owned and Operated! Customer Satisfaction and Award Winning Service are what you can expect from Coastal. We have been serving the Pawleys Island/Georgetown/Grand Strand Area for Over 30 Years! Our team is professional, offers you a no-pressure environment and operates with the quality you expect. Pricing analysis performed on 8/10/2018. Horsepower calculations based on trim engine configuration. Fuel economy calculations based on original manufacturer data for trim engine configuration. Please confirm the accuracy of the included equipment by calling us prior to purchase.


This was the crew... I think there were 30 of us, including the guides. Strangers in the beginning, friends in the end. A phenominal way to meet some phenominal people.
These are the rafts lined up for the evening. Float Boats (the lazy boats), Paddle Boat (you've actually got to work all day on this boat), The Swamp Boat (the one that hauls all our gear), and a couple kayaks.
It's official... Greg & Eileen are pregnant! Have we lost our travel-buddies for good? Only time will tell. What's so great about babies anyway!? Just kidding. We're very anxious to meet Baby Prugh!
I fished the entire trip. Something about fishing... it simulates gambling - and I admit it, I'm addicted.
Here, Greg is hiding a Bud-Light. This picture succeeded a picture of him WITH the beer, and me saying, 'Can we please have some pictures without Bud-Light!?' The truth is, I'm just as guilty as the rest of them - I'm just more of a nag. Here, Greg humors me.
This is 'Barker' and the boys. Barker was a guide, who spends his life guiding rafts through rivers from Idaho to Costa Rica. He wears river-logged Chuck Taylor High-Tops, and steers a mad raft. He's a GOOD guy.
This is 'California Bob'. Bob runs the river for Hughes in the Summer, and spends his Winters as an Island Boy - in the British Virgin Islands, 'Captain-ing' a yacht/sailboat. He's rugged and woodsy - but also genuine and soft. He's kind of like a real-live Indiana Jones. Dreamy.
Seriously, toGETHER - these two are a constant comedy show... my gut-laughs are ENDless. They easily become senseless & asinine, and I'll admit - from time-to-time Gregs' comedic insults will make me cry. But for the most part, I must say - Eileen & I are lucky broads!
This day, when the guides were one man short - Jim & I volunteered to float down on The Swamp Boat (the gear boat). We set up 9 tents in under an hour... when you're with Jim, beware - you're always up for hire!
I am with you on the fishing!! It doesn't matter if I'm catching them or not... fishing is good!