This umbrella/softbox combines the best features of both a large 33 umbrella and a softbox. Very easy to set up and use, it is simply inserted into the umbrella holder on your light head. The soft diffuser panel on the front has a sock like opening that slips over the reflector. Reflected light from the umbrella is filtered through the diffuser panel for a soft, even effect.
33 in diameter; Easy to assemble/disassemble; Compact and easy to store.
One (1) black/white brolly box; NOTE: Strobe and light stand are not included.


The Hair Box occupies an established secondary location just off the main Station Road with its abundance of High Street names.
There is a main bus stop opposite and on street car parking nearby.
New Milton is a busy market town on the periphery of the New Forest approximately 12 miles east of Bournemouth and 6 miles west of Lymington.
Fully equipped with 3 backwash positions, 1 front wash, 8 combing positions and reception area. Canopy to shop front.
7'4" with washing machine and dryer and stainless steel single drainer sink unit.
Established some 20 years ago by the current owner. Turnover has been around £72,000. Audited accounts will be made available to genuine interested parties.
Virtual freehold held on a 999 year lease, approx. 970 years unexpired at a peppercorn rent.
£125,000 for the property, fixtures, fittings and equipment plus SAV.
Ingoing tenants to pay landlords' reasonable legal costs incurred in the drawing up of the lease.


My sons's dog, Murphy, passed away yesterday. This morning, Sam couldn't bear to hear this song from Toy Story 2 because he was already wishing he had spent even more time with the dog he loved while she was living. So I listened to it after he left for school this morning and identified with the toy that was left behind. I miss Murphy. A dog's love is unique. Never again will I see her run to greet me at the end of a day. It never mattered what the day had brought when I saw her face running toward me.
A fun and ironic love song. Hope you like it!
Even Santa Gets the Blues!


Come see demonstrations that show off the many new productivity improvements, how Visual Studio takes understanding code to the next level and other IDE features in the next version of Visual Studio.
With Visual Studio 2013 it just gets better when your IDE is connected. New roaming support, notifications and a new Visual Studio Updates experience means you get fixes and features sooner. Come see demonstrations that show off the many new productivity improvements, how Visual Studio takes understanding code to the next level and other IDE features in the next version of Visual Studio.


text:
> Iran Unveilings 'Pioneer Longest Range Missiles'
Iran Unveilings 'Pioneer Longest Range Missiles'
Expert explains Iran's missile and satellite launcher unveiled today bring it closer to nuke-capable intercontinental ballistic missiles.
Uzi Baruch
ז' באלול תשע"ה 23:44 22.08.15
Iran Iranian Nuclear Program Fateh Missile Fateh 313 Satellite Launcher
ICBM (illustration) Thinkstock
Iran unveiled on Saturday its new Fateh 313 surface-to-surface missile with a 500 kilometer (300 mile) range, as well as its massive 27-meter tall Simorgh satellite launcher, which one expert says may pave its way to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).
Tal Inbar, Head of the Fisher Institute for Air & Space Strategic Studies' Space Research Center, told Arutz Sheva on Saturday night that an analysis of the pictures of the new launcher reveals a great likeness to North Korea's satellite launcher technology.
"This rocket will allow Iran to launch satellites double the weight it is currently able to, and additionally it will bring it closer to expertise in the needed technologies for developing especially long-ranged ballistic missiles up to intercontinental ranges," said Inbar.
The expert appraised that Iran's unveiling of the Fateh 313 is meant to be a message to its rivals in the Persian Gulf such as Saudi Arabia, and also a warning to Israel that it may transfer the advanced new missiles to its terror proxy Hezbollah in Lebanon.
"It also has an element of protest against the fixed members of the UN Security Council, as during the negotiations with Iran on its nuclear program Iran stated that its missile program isn't up for discussion."
Iran's state-run PressTV reported on the new Fateh 313's unveiling, with pictures of the new rocket shown in the video report.
Iran has stated it will flout the UN Security Council resolution that adopted the nuclear deal, in which Iran is required not to test long-range ballistic missiles that can be used to carry a nuclear payload. The Islamic regime has made clear it intends to hold such tests regardless.
Regarding the satellite launcher, Inbar said it strengthens the known military cooperation between North Korea and Iran.
But beyond that, he noted that by deepening its heavy rocketry technology for outer space, it is developing the means "to contribute to assault rocketry of the longest range."
As noted Iran intends to continue testing its domestic long-range ballistic missiles, which according to international reports are nuclear capable, particularly the Shahab 3 and Sejjil 2.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We call it diarrhea of the mouth.
Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! We are living the same life.Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE! Corinne! Corinne. CORINNE. CORINNE!
Hahaha, how gorgeous! This made me laugh Corinne. I feel the same way, my 3 year old actually says "mummymummymummymummymummymummy" exactly the way it reads, if I don't listen to him straight away when he's talking to me.


text:
La Declaración de instrumentos musicales es un tratado musical publicado en el siglo XVI por el religioso franciscano Juan Bermudo. Se desconoce gran parte de su biografía, no obstante se tiene la certeza de que después de haber tomado los hábitos y tras una enfermedad, que le hizo abandonar la religión, se dedicó a escribir sobre música. Publicó la primera parte de su Declaración en 1549 que completaría posteriormente hasta llegar a los cinco libros.

El primero de los libros está dedicado a la alabanza de la música, el segundo y tercero se refieren a la teoría de la música, el cuarto a instrumentos de teclado y cuerda y el último se dedica al contrapunto y la composición.

Todos aquellos que aspiraban a ser buenos arpistas, organistas o vihuelistas debían acercarse a las fuentes de consejos de su libro cuarto de la Declaración de instrumentos musicales.

El libro contiene trece composiciones para órgano, de gran importancia para la escuela organística española, junto con otros compositores como Tomás de Santa María, Francisco Correa de Arauxo, Francisco Pérez Palero o Pedro Alberch Vila.

Tratados teóricos
 1549 - Libro primero de la Declaración de instrumentos musicales. Dedicado al elogio de la música. Edición: Taller de Juan de León en Osuna.
 1550 - Arte Tripharia. Edición: Taller de Juan de León en Osuna.
 1555 - Declaración de instrumentos musicales. Edición: Taller de Juan de León en Osuna.

Referencias
 Ortega, A., Fray Juan Bermudo, Archivo Íbero-Americano II/10 (1915).
 Grabaciones.

Libros de música
Libros del siglo XVI
Literatura de España del siglo XVI
Música de España del siglo XVI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Baumgarten am Wagram ist ein kleiner, im südwestlichen Weinviertel gelegener Ort nördlich des Wagram. Die Ortschaft ist weithin durch seinen Weinbau und den damit verbundenen Heurigen bekannt. Das Dorf ist zugleich Katastralgemeinde der Marktgemeinde Großweikersdorf sowie Filiale der Pfarre Großweikersdorf und gehört zum Bezirk Tulln in Niederösterreich.

Geschichte
Wertvolle Fundstücke deuten schon auf eine Besiedelung bis in die jüngere Altsteinzeit hin. Ob die Region dauerhaft besiedelt war, ist unklar. In der Römerzeit waren hier verschiedene Germanenstämme ansässig.

Um 400 n. Chr. siedelten die Markomannen in der Gegend. Etwa um 600 n. Chr. erfolgte eine Invasion der Awaren. Sicher ist, dass zur Awarenzeit einfache Bauern sich hier niedergelassen hatten, und einfachen Ackerbau betrieben. Mit den Awarenfeldzügen von Karl dem Großen wurde das Land in das Frankenreich eingegliedert. Um 1050 fiel die Siedlung in den Herrschaftsbereich der Babenberger, die den Grundstein für das heutige Österreich legten. Zum ersten Mal wurde Baumgarten am Wagram als "Poungarten" in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahre 1316 genannt. Diese Urkunde ist im Landesarchiv NÖ in St. Pölten einsehbar. Im Laufe des Mittelalters siedelten sich auch einige Gewerbe in Baumgarten an.

1763 folgte die Errichtung der Dorfkapelle, welche der Maria (Mutter Jesu) geweiht ist. In dieser Zeit wurden 275 Einwohner gezählt.

Ab der Neuzeit bis zur Revolution 1848 gehörte Baumgarten am Wagram der Herrschaft Grafenegg an. Der Ort wurde, wie die ganze Umgebung, durch den dreißigjährigen Krieg und den napoleonischen Krieg schwer in Mitleidenschaft gezogen. Nach 1848 war Baumgarten am Wagram Teil der Marktgemeinde Großweikersdorf, konnte aber 1891 eine eigene Gemeinde werden. 1850 waren 250 Einwohner ansässig. 1909 wurde sogar eine eigene Volksschule geschaffen. Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg sank die Anzahl der Einwohner auf 235.

1931 erfolgte die Gründung der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr Baumgarten, welche bis heute besteht. Im Zuge des Zweiten Weltkriegs fielen 12 Dorfangehörige. 1965 wurde die Volksschule der Ortschaft geschlossen. 1967 wurde Baumgarten am Wagram als Katastralgemeinde von Großweikersdorf eingemeindet. Das Kriegerdenkmal, zur Ehren der in den Weltkriegen Gefallenen, wurde 1968 errichtet. Infolge starker Abwanderung sank die Einwohnerzahl bis 1967 auf 142 Einwohner. Seit 1971 steigt die Einwohnerzahl wieder leicht. 1996 wurde das Kaufhaus Hummer geschlossen. 2008 konnten 184 Einwohner gezählt werden, welche in 90 Häusern wohnen.

Neue kulturelle Impulse brachte die Gründung des Clubs Baumgarten (Ortsfeste, Ortsverschönerung) 1996, die Renovierung der Ortskapelle 2008 und die Errichtung eines Jugendtreffs.

Seit 2009 stellt der Ort mit Leopold Spielauer den Bürgermeister der Marktgemeinde Großweikersdorf.

Wirtschaft
Im Jahr 2009 gab es im Ort neun landwirtschaftliche und drei nichtlandwirtschaftliche Betriebe.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Der Gutshof der Familie List
 Das Kriegerdenkmal
 Die Dorfkapelle

Persönlichkeiten
 Franz List (1856–1920), Landwirt, Politiker und Abgeordneter zum Landtag

Literatur
 Richard Hübl: Heimatbuch der Marktgemeinde Großweikersdorf. 2008.

Weblinks

Großweikersdorf
Ort im Bezirk Tulln
Katastralgemeinde im Bezirk Tulln
Ehemalige Gemeinde in Niederösterreich


text:
Breakthrough in treating leucoderma
January 18, 2016 June 11, 2016 / Prasad Ravindranath
The patient's hands showed significant repigmentation (bottom) after five months of treatment. – Photo: Dr. Brett King
In a first, a medication for treating rheumatoid arthritis has restored skin colour in a patient suffering from vitiligo. The results of the study were published on June 24 in the journal JAMA Dermatology .
Leucoderma is a condition that causes skin to lose its pigmentation or colour. As a result, people with vitiligo have white patches on the skin. In an advanced stage, most of the body skin can lose its pigmentation.
Current treatments, such as steroid creams and light therapy, fall short as they are "not reliably effective in reversing the disease." Researchers from Yale University used an existing FDA-approved medication for rheumatoid arthritis called tofacitinib citrate to successfully treat a patient suffering from vitiligo.
Dr. Brett A. King, assistant professor of dermatology at Yale University School of Medicine and Brittany Craiglow, the two authors of the paper, administered tofacitinib citrate to a 53-year-old patient with prominent white spots covering her face, hands, and body.
Quick result
According to a Yale School of Medicine press release, within two months of treatment, the patient experienced partial repigmentation on her face, arms, and hands. And after five months of treatment, the white spots on her face and hands had completely disappeared. The drug caused no adverse side effects in the patient.
"It's a first, and it could revolutionize treatment of an awful disease," Dr. King was quoted as saying.. "This may be a huge step forward in the treatment of patients with this condition." He intends to carry out clinical trials to test the drug's efficacy in treating people with vitiligo.
What inspired the researchers to use the drug was its magical power in treating hair loss in a patient suffering from alopecia universalis condition. People with this condition tend to rapidly lose all hair on the body, including eyebrows and eyelashes.
The 25-year-old patient who had psoriasis was referred to Dr. King for psoriasis treatment. Since tofacitinib citrate had been used successfully for treating psoriasis in humans and had also reversed alopecia areata in mice, Dr. King used the drug on the patient.
After two months of treatment, some improvement was seen in his psoriasis condition and hair growth was seen on his scalp and face. His scalp hair had completely regrown and "clearly visible eyebrows, eyelashes, and facial hair, as well as armpit hair were seen" at the end of the fifth month. By end of the eighth month the patient had "full regrowth" of hair. The results of the work were published in June 2014 in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology .
"Tofacitinib appears to spur hair regrowth in a patient with alopecia universalis by turning off the immune system attack on hair follicles that is prompted by the disease," Dr. King had said in a release last year. "The drug helps in some, but not all, cases of psoriasis, and was mildly effective in this patient's case."
Published in The Hindu on June 25, 2015
Amazon River, Leucoderma
← MDR-TB spreads less within households
Insight into how the brain forms memories →


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The UAE introduces new Economic Substance Rules
What does this mean for businesses?
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) released the Cabinet of Ministers Resolution n. 31/2019 with effect from 30 April 2019, concerning the Regulations for Economic Substance (ES) in the UAE. The introduction of the new ES rules is a milestone for the UAE's tax policy and an important step towards its alignment with the global Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) directives.
In May 2018, the UAE joined the OECD Inclusive Framework on BEPS and committed to introduce the minimum standards by the end of 2018.
The purpose of the ES rules is to bring specific requirements for businesses to demonstrate the actual economic activity in the country and the basis to support that the incorporation in the UAE was not driven solely to benefit from the privileged tax regime.
The UAE ES rules are broadly similar to the regulations introduced by other countries with similar tax environment (i.e. no or only nominal tax), as they follow the guidance issued by the European Union (EU) and OECD. Essentially, the economic substance test is based on the three common key pillars that businesses need to comply with:
Company should be directed and managed from the UAE;
Core Income Generating Activity related to the activities covered by the ES rules should be undertaken in the UAE;
Adequate number of qualified employees, office space and annual expenditures in the UAE.
Deloitte has therefore compiled a summary document outlining the main topics introduced by the UAE ES rules, including who should be covered, the activities applicable for the economic substance test, compliance and reporting obligations besides other key takeaways the businesses should be aware in order to be compliant.
View or download the report
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Home > Hockeyology > Helge Grans Path To The 2020 NHL Draft Has Been Impressive
Helge Grans Path To The 2020 NHL Draft Has Been Impressive
by Russ_Cohen - October 1, 2020 October 4, 2020 0
Helge Grans is a 6-3, 192-pound mobile defenseman who is ready to hear his name called at the 2020 NHL Draft. There's no doubt that he will be drafted, and there's some debate as to whether he goes on the first day. He's currently playing for the Malmo Redhawks of the SHL
"It's a very different draft year. It's going to be exciting to see where I get picked at, and there are a lot of good players. You can't be very sure where you're going to go. For most of the summer, I just focused on what I will be doing on the ice," said Grans.
The 2020-21 season has just begun for him, and he already notched a point in his first two games. At 18, he's one of the youngest players on his team. It's certainly odd to see players playing days before they will be drafted into the NHL, but it's 2020, and nothing is exactly normal this year.
"I think last season went pretty good. I got more minutes every game, and I got more and more comfortable," Grans added. "I want to make more steps this year, and it started last season going into this season."
Being a right-shot defenseman is something that works to his advantage when be considered by NHL teams.
"There aren't many right-shot defensemen, so I suppose it's a slight advantage. You always have to play good," he snapped back.
His skating is good, but he's working on his two-step quickness like a lot of other prospects.
"I think my skating when I get up to speed is pretty good. This summer I worked on those first 3-4 strides. It will make me quicker on starts."
U17s were a great proving ground for this Swede and playing on a smaller rink is something he now enjoys.
"I played in the U17 tournament. Maybe I wasn't very good at the start, but it made me think quicker and always knowing what to do with the puck," he remembered. "The forwards were checking very hard, and you have to be ready. One of my strengths is with the puck and what to do with the puck. It could be an advantage for me to play quicker."
All young players have goals, and this prospect is no different.
"Being more important for Malmo and of course I want to play in the World Junior Championship," Grans elaborated. "Those are my biggest goals."
Where will he be on draft night? "We have a game on October 6th," Grans replied.
Like most he has two players he watched the most.
"I love to watch Erik Karlsson and Victor Hedman," he revealed. "If we have the puck they won't score. It's good to have the puck, Karlsson has shown us that."
Grans worked hard on getting stronger and his defensive play. He's more of a strip the puck defender, and that's fine since he can get it up the ice quickly. That's his gift, and some team may decide to take him in the first round.
Check out my new hockey book Sticks and Stones here.
https://www.amazon.com/Sticks-Stones-College-Hockey-Prepares/dp/1628657227/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=Russ+Cohen&qid=1586180720&sr=8-3
Tagged 2020 NHL Draft Erik Karlsson Helge Grans Hockey Malmo Redhawks SHL Victor Hedman World Junior Championship
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text:
Email: TSA makes plea for backup as shutdown drags on
The Transportation Security Administration is making a plea for 250 people to bolster its workforce of backup officers, the latest sign the agency is straining under the pressure of the shutdown, according to an internal email sent Monday morning from a TSA executive and obtained exclusively by CNN.
The email, sent to TSA officials in more than 10 states with more than 100 airports, asks for employees to move from their home airports to those airports struggling with low staffing, an indication the agency is bracing for even more callouts.
The email is the latest example of increasing anxiety within TSA about the rising number of callouts as employees prepare to miss a second paycheck this week. Ten percent of TSA's workforce had unexcused absences on Sunday, the agency said.
This is the second such request for more backup screeners to help fill staffing gaps, according to the email and a TSA official familiar with its contents.
All members of the agency's National Deployment team, a rapid response team comprising of TSA officers can be sent to airports across the country to help fill the staffing gaps, have already been dispatched, according to the email. The team has been used to patch up gaps at airports in Atlanta, New York, Chicago and elsewhere as the partial government shutdown extends into its fifth week.
The Atlanta airport, already the world's busiest, is preparing for an influx of travelers in just under two weeks when the city hosts the Super Bowl.
The deployment team fluctuates in size based on the conditions and needs, said TSA spokesman Jim Gregory.
"We are working every day to ensure our checkpoints are fully covered nationwide and always are welcoming new volunteers," Gregory said, noting the employees would not be paid until the end of the shutdown. "Our workforce is incredibly mission-focused, and we have had hundreds answer the call."
The volunteers would presumably come from airports that haven't faced strain from callouts in order to help airports that have.
A similar request made last week netted the agency at least 160 volunteers, the email said.
In another sign of how badly volunteers are needed, the email reminds TSA officials the agency would pick up the cost of their hotel and travel. According to the email, officers will use their government-issued credit cards for meals and incidentals, but those credit card payments would not have to be made until the government reopens.
Gregory said the agency is working to reduce the need to close security checkpoints and lanes but acknowledges more could close as the government shutdown continues.
"In coordination with the airlines and airport authorities, our federal security directors will implement contingency plans as necessary, which could mean lane closures. We have seen very few lane closures across the nation so far," he said.
The number of TSA officers calling out from work has grown in recent days.
After callouts hit 10% on Sunday nationwide, according to TSA, 7.5% of employees called out Monday, compared to 3.3% on the same Monday a year ago.
"Many employees are reporting that they are not able to report to work due to financial limitations," TSA said in a statement.
In early January, CNN first reported that hundreds of TSA officers had called out from work, raising concerns among union officials and screeners that the security of air travel would be negatively impacted.
One regional TSA manager told screeners at Palm Springs International Airport, a small airport in California, that excessive absences have "adversely impacted security operations" at the airport, and warned of "disciplinary action" for employees who miss work.


text:
Q: GDocs ImportHTML/XML not getting proper data I have a simple Google Spreadsheet's question.  I'm attempting to pull in a table and am not having luck with ImportHTML, it will only pull the first top cell and duplicates it somehow.  I also tried ImportXML, using XPath Helper to get the proper XPath, and it will not load the proper table data either.
Google Doc:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-toAivOhywZuErHK0LB5EADiMu_T9ZNUTgMhqFRBHOU/edit?usp=sharing
What I'm needing is the bottom table(id='player_gbs') on the following site:
http://www.forge-db.com/us/us18/players/profile/?server=us18&world=Sinerania&id=12497

Code Snippet
Here is what I've tried so far, this is all represented in the GDoc as well.
=ImportHTML(B1, "table", 2)

Returns the following line twice:
"Great Building Era Lvl FP  Req. FP FP Left 24h +"
=ImportXML(B1, "/html/body/div[@class='wrap']/div[@class='content'][2]/div[@class='b-box']")

Returns:

"GB's with a new level in the last 24 hours are shown with a yellow
  background" Great BuildingEraLvlFPReq. FPFP Left24h +Great BuildingEraLvlFPReq. FPFP Left24h +"

Thinking the issue is that contained in the /div is <thead> and <tfoot> before <tbody> so I tried this XPath and just get N/A:
=ImportXML(B1, "/html/body/div[@class='wrap']/div[@class='content'][2]/div[@class='b-box']/div[@id='player_gbs_wrapper']/table[@id='player_gbs']/tbody")

A: I believe your problem is that that table is created via JSON and javascript. If you view source on that page you'll see this chunk ...
<script type="text/javascript" class="init">
$(document).ready(function() {
    $('#player_gbs').dataTable( {
        "aLengthMenu": [[30], ['All']],
        "processing": true,
        "serverSide": true,
        "ajax": "../../getPlayerGBs.php?id=12497&server=us18",

Which tells us that the data is coming from the following URL.
http://www.forge-db.com/us/us18/getPlayerGBs.php?id=12497&server=us18
That URL is providing the data that populates the table.
This script (based off this SO response) will parse the data from that feed and write it to a sheet titled dataImport. It only gets the first two chunks of data, you'd just extend the loop to do more.
function urlDownload() {
var dataImport = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheetByName('dataImport');
var apiPoint = "http://www.forge-db.com/us/us18/getPlayerGBs.php?id=12497&server=us18";
var response = UrlFetchApp.fetch(apiPoint);
var response_json = JSON.parse(response.getContentText());
var length = response_json.data.length;
var a = [];
for(i=0; i<length; i++){
  dataImport.getRange(i+2, 1, 1, 1).setValue(response_json.data[i][0])
  dataImport.getRange(i+2, 2, 1, 1).setValue(response_json.data[i][1])

 }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CIBM Bank Review
by Gabe Rueda Updated February 22, 2021
CIBM Bank Savings
SmartAsset's Overall Rating
Highly-Rated Mobile App
Multiple Banking Products
1. Overview 2. How We Rated It 3. Products Offered 4. Branch Locations
Established in 1921, CIBM Bank has $657 million in assets along with deposits totaling $484 million, which makes it a medium-size bank. CIBM Bank, whose headquarters are in Champaign, Illinois, lacks premium access to support representatives, with no options for live chat or all-day service. It is a traditional brick-and-mortar bank with access to service representatives at a physical location, in addition to its online and mobile offerings. Overall, CIBM Bank is an exceptional bank that you should strongly consider, with a score of 4.5 stars out of 5 from our team. CIBM Bank offers a full choice of product offerings, which include savings accounts, checking accounts, money market accounts, CDs, IRAs, mortgage products and credit cards. CIBM Bank has a fair savings rate compared to the average savings account. If you're looking for a checking account for everyday use, CIBM Bank offers an option without a maintenance or monthly fee. Institutions that offer free checking as well as a high savings APY are your best option for returning the highest income on your deposits alongside convenient access to your money.
How We Rated It
National Average: 4.1
The overall rating is a weighted average of rates, fees, service quality and financial health.Read more
When a component rating is unavailable, the overall rating is calculated as an average of the remaining available ratings.
The Rates rating represents an aggregate of interest rates for specific bank products measured against the national average interest rate for each product. Product interest rates may vary by branch. Rates shown reflect the highest available nationwide.
The Fees rating is an assessment of the bank's fees measured against the national average fee amount for particular services and is also affected by whether or not the bank refunds ATM fees.
The Customer Experience rating is a weighted average of the Mobile Rating and the Consumer Satisfaction Score, which is based on complaints brought to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
The Financial Health rating is based on the Texas Ratio, an indicator that warns of credit problems at particular banks: anything less than 5% is considered Excellent; less than 20% is Very Good; less than 50% is Good; less than 90% is Fair; and over 90% is Poor.
SmartAsset Average: 3.5
CIBM Bank features a savings rate of 0.35%, which is fair in comparison to the national average. Its one-year and five-year term lengths CDs earn at a rate of 2.00% and 1.85%, respectively, while its highest-yielding money market account has an APY of 0.15%. Given CIBM Bank's below average savings rate, you should think about looking elsewhere to open savings accounts.
How CIBM Bank's Savings Rates Compare
CIBM Bank Savings 0.35 National Average 0.09 Compare Offers
On average, CIBM Bank charges customers extremely low fees compared to the national average. With no monthly fee, CIBM Bank's checking account is perfect for those who want an easy checking account. CIBM Bank unfortunately does not reimburse out-of-network ATM charges, which means you will be required to find a CIBM Bank ATM or pay the ATM charge.
Monthly Fee $0 National Average: $3.21
Non-network ATM Fee N/A National Average: $1.20
Overdraft Fee N/A National Average: $35.00
CIBM Bank is a brick-and-mortar bank, with 11 total bank locations in Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin. With mobile and web apps, CIBM Bank makes mobile banking straightforward, even on the go. CIBM Bank receives relatively high marks from users for its mobile banking services. The CIBM Bank mobile app scored a 4.3 out of 5 (with 42 customer reviews on iOS and Android) compared to the national average of 3.8. CIBM Bank's mobile app allows you to manage your finances by reviewing monthly statements, transferring funds as well as reaching customer service. CIBM Bank gets an excellent consumer satisfaction score based on comparatively few complaints brought to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), a government financial agency that protects consumers in the financial sector.
Overall Mobile Rating 4.3/5
Consumer Satisfaction Rating 5.0/5
Online Banking Portal No
Live Chat No
CIBM Bank is currently a medium-size bank owning $657 million in assets and deposits totaling $484 million. CIBM Bank has a strong Texas Ratio of 5.56%, denoting a small possibility of failure. Additionally, CIBM Bank is FDIC-insured, meaning that your money is insured up to $250,000, even in the event of bank failure.
Texas Ratio Analysis
High Risk 75% 50% 20% 10% Low Risk
The Texas Ratio, a measure of a "bad assets" against available capital, can provide an early warning sign of bank failure. A low ratio indicates smaller chance of failure; a higher ratio suggests greater risk.
Compare CIBM Bank to Other Competitive Offers
Current Terms and Rates
Minimum Balance for APY
Savings Account 0.35% APY $500
Checking Account 0.05% APY $1
$500 for all terms
Money Market Accounts 0.12% APY 0.15% APY $10000 $15000
CIBM Bank has several deposit products including savings accounts, checking accounts, money market accounts and CDs to give you many options to manage your money. CIBM Bank does not have the best savings rate, which means you should think about other options for banks that deliver more return for your money. CDs can be a terrific option to achieve higher returns, but there are limitations to accessing your money. CIBM Bank's CD rates are fair in comparison to the national average.
Find a CIBM Bank Near Me
CIBM Bank has 11 physical locations in the U.S.
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See where Isabel Valenzuela ranks.
A quick Look at the top 2 girls at Watson Ford on Saturday.
This virtual meet uses this years best times. It is also a guess at who will run in the gold division. Some of these team may run in multiple divisions.
Alabama has several girls in middle school that are in the top 50 nationally ranked athletes in their respective age groups.


text:
Q: Is there solution how to set each animation's sprite position I'm creating a Megaman game.
I wonder how to set each animation's sprite position.
I want result like this;

but when I create animation, it results like this;

I think this happened because sprite's position is not set appropriately.
So I ask. How you solve this problem?
I mean, do you set sprite's position before creating animation with them?
or, is there any tools you use to solve these problems?
Thanks for reading. (Notify me when syntax error in my question. I'm not good at English)
I tried to upload this article couple of times. It's irritating...

A: You should set each animation's sprite position in image editing or animation software, whichever you have used to create this spritesheet.

A: I'm assuming you used Unity's Sprite Editor to slice the sprite sheet. If yes, you can set the Pivot point to Left when slicing. This will solve the problem illustrated in your question.
In your case the pivot is probably set to Center which causes this issue.


text:
First Look at Mr. Terrific on Arrow
October 1, 2015 Arelis Arrow, News, Television
TV Insider got the exclusive first look at Echo Kellum as Curtis Holt, also known as Mr. Terrific in the DC Comics Universe in Arrow, along with an interview with Arrow executive producer Marc Guggenheim.
"Curtis is someone we started talking about [in the writers room] at the end of last year, out of a desire to fill in some gaps in terms of the cast and storytelling," says executive producer Marc Guggenheim. And while the recurring character is a stylish brainiac who technically "fills the same role Brandon [Routh] filled last year," Guggenheim assures us that "no one will compare the two. It is really a different performance than Brandon's.
Holt will, however, share one thing in common with Routh's believed-to-be-dead Ray Palmer: A close association with Felicity Smoak (Emily Bett Rickards), who is now his supervisor at Palmer Tech. Which means fans should prepare themselves for a lot of laughs with these two sharing scenes together. "Echo has quickly become an MVP of the cast," raves Guggenheim. "I think a lot of people will compare him favorably to the addition of Emily in Season 1. He has this wonderful energy."
Founder at DCComicsMovie.com
Latest posts by Arelis (see all)
First Sneak Peek To Zack Snyder's Justice League Released - June 22, 2020
Warner Bros. To Host The First DC FanDome on August 22nd - June 16, 2020
Pete Davidson Talks Very Little On His Character In The Suicide Squad - June 15, 2020
George Miller Says It's Probably Not True He's Directing Man of Steel 2
Supernatural Welcomes DC's Legends of Tomorrow and Lucifer to Vancouver
ArrowArrow Season 4Curtis HoltEcho KellumMarc GuggenheimMister TerrificMr. Terrificnews


Make sure your home is properly insulated in order to keep the cool air or heat within the home for a longer period of time.
You can save as much as 10% a year on your energy bills by simply turning your thermostat down during the heating season or up during the cooling season when you leave home for more than two hours.
Don't leave the fridge door open! Every time you do, up to 30% of the air inside can escape. The same can be said for your oven.
Schedule a tune-up. Not only will a tune-up ensure your heating equipment is working at its optimum efficiency, but it will also save you up to 5% on your annual energy bills.
Clean your dryer's filter after each use. A clean dryer filter will allow your dryer to work more efficiently. Dryer filters full of lint will cause your dryer to work harder and longer, using more energy.
Close off rooms you don't use – and remember to shut the vents inside.
Keep ductwork in good repair with duct tape or duct insulation.
Open curtains, blinds and drapes to let the sun warm your home during the day.
Make sure your ceiling has at least six inches of good thermal insulation.
Consider buying a whole house or attic fan. It draws in cool nighttime air through your open windows and forces out hot air that builds up during the day.
If you have a fireplace, keep the damper tightly closed when not in use. A glass fire screen can help minimize the loss of conditioned air.
Keep air conditioner filters clean during cooling season to improve efficiency and the life of your air conditioner.
By raising your thermostat setting from 72 to 78 degrees, you can save approximately $100 during the summer.


We use Shopify to create an easy to use but beautiful custom made e-commerce website just for you. Equipped with everything you could possibly think of, ranging from marketing tools to globally accepted payment processes. Shopify leaves you totally at ease and always in awe.
Shopify is a platform that equips us with all of the tools that we need to successfully build you a top of the line online storefront. There is a monthly fee but they have various packages catered to the level of your business' needs. They offer 24/7 customer support and integrates over 100 different payment gateways that will ensure that you dominate across the globe effectively and efficiently!
Don't just take our word for it. Shopify is one of the most highly rated e-commerce platform because of their easy to use features. Equipped with a plethora of accessible plug ins and integrated payment options, Shopify takes away the pains of designing solely from scratch. Thus leaving us with more time to focus on providing you with an on-brand site crafted through your creative lense.


If you're banking on Reno not suffering from a natural disaster in the near future, you'll have better statistical odds against the slot machines a few miles down U.S. 95 in Las Vegas.
And, if you're a Reno resident without rooftop solar, you are, quite literally, banking on a natural disaster not happening. Among natural disaster concerns in this region are wildfires, floods, blizzards, high winds, and earthquakes.
This is one reason solar has expanded in the Reno market, and other natural disaster-prone locations throughout America. Reno is just a microcosm of a greater emergency preparedness crisis plaguing America, which residential solar can cure.
Unfortunately, there are numerous examples of recent disasters that illustrate the potential of solar. All of them point to solar as a clear strategy for nationwide disaster mitigation.
After Hurricane Irma stampeded through Florida, residents demanded so much gasoline that the suppliers couldn't meet expectations. Nearly 65% of some Florida areas were completely out of gas.
The situation went downhill the moment Florida Governor Rick Scott ordered immediate evacuations - the lack of fuel left many Floridians stranded.
Rooftop solar-fueled EVs would have meant more evacuations, and more lives saved.
1. You avoid the risks involved in having to drive somewhere to fill up.
2. You save crucial time needed to properly assess and adjust to the emergency situation.
Coal plants still supply the vast majority of American energy, yet they operate much differently than solar panels amid natural disasters.
The second there's a natural disaster warning, coal plants normally shut down. Should the facility suffer damage, it will stay down, even as the rebuilding and cleanup process commences.
Why the delay? It's the grid. Most coal plants rely on grid transposal to send power to affected areas. When these grid conduits are ruined by the disaster, the resulting lack of power creates more damage, confusion, and chaos.
Although inclement weather is not conducive to optimal electricity generation from solar panels, the panels will still produce some energy.
Additionally, when Hurricane Harvey struck Houston and went down as the costliest cyclone in recorded human history (costing approximately $200 billion in damages and an incalculable emotional toll), several savvy solar energy pundits explained how distributed solar could have mitigated the widespread damage the disaster caused.
Large-scale, grid-tied commercial systems aren't the only ones that benefit from solar; with solid racking, less to break, and increasingly sturdy engineering, contemporary residential solar arrays are incredibly damage-resistant.
What's more, these systems have no drips, fuel repositories, or combustion mechanisms. Their durability can stand up to many disasters that nature doles out.
Much hyped "long overdue" natural disasters aren't just talk. The issue isn't whether they'll occur, but how ill equipped most of us are to handle it when they do.
The numerous disasters that have occurred in the past several years can teach us about the importance solar energy will play in mitigating disasters in the future, and, in the process, saving lives.
Sustainability is not just about being green and cost-efficient. It's also about ensuring safety, preserving our standard of living, and arming us to combat forces beyond our control.
Adopted en masse, ground-mounted and rooftop residential solar can mitigate future disasters – without costly implementation. These systems save families, corporations, and individuals money, even when the disaster has passed.
With a world increasingly tied to electricity, power continuity is non-negotiable..
Given that solar is more affordable than ever, and natural disasters are increasingly a fact of life, the opportunity to go solar has never made more sense.
Scott Cramer is President of Go Solar Group, a solar company.


text:
Martin Zwick / REDA&CO / UIG via Getty Images
oh sheet
It's raining on Greenland's ice sheet. That's a big problem.
By Eric Holthaus on Mar 8, 2019
Changing weather patterns have triggered a stark change in how Greenland is melting, according to a new paper published on Thursday. By combining data from satellites and weather stations, a team of scientists found that rainstorms are now driving nearly one-third of the frozen island's rapid melt.
In terms of sea-level rise, meltwater runoff from the top of the Greenland ice sheet has recently surpassed the contribution of icebergs breaking off from its edges. Those runoff events are increasingly tied to rainstorms — even during winter — that trigger extensive new ice melt.
"That was a surprise to see," lead author Marilena Oltmanns of the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany said in a statement. The researchers looked at more than 300 sudden melt episodes from 1979 to 2012, the most recent year available.
Warmer air temperatures are having a big effect on Greenland, but warm water falling as rain is apparently disastrous to the ice — tunneling through divots and cracks and melting surrounding snow with abandon. The rain-on-snow process transforms the surface of the ice sheet from fluffy and reflective to compact and dimmer, a dangerous feedback loop that's perfect for encouraging further melt on sunny days.
"If it rains in the winter, that preconditions the ice to be more vulnerable in the summer," Marco Tedesco, a glaciologist at Columbia University and co-author of the study, said in the statement. "We are starting to realize, you have to look at all the seasons."
It seems increasingly clear that the Greenland ice sheet crossed a tipping point around 2002. In the decade after that year, melting increased nearly four-fold, coming mostly from the southern part of the island that's especially prone to these rain-on-ice events.
Since 1990, Greenland's average temperature has increased by about 1.8 degrees C (3.2 degrees F) in summer, and 3 degrees C (5.4 degrees F) in winter — much faster than the global average. In recent decades, meltwater tied to rain events has doubled in the summer, and tripled in the winter — despite overall total volume of precipitation on the ice sheet remaining about the same.
In a companion video filmed on the ice sheet, Tedesco compared the Greenland ice sheet to a sleeping elephant: "When we wake it up, he has the power to destroy everything he runs through."
Greenland is currently losing about 270 billion tons of ice per year. That's enough to cover the entire state of Texas in more than a foot of water. That pace is quickening, and if Greenland were to melt entirely over the coming centuries, it would raise global oceans by about 20 feet.
With rapid emissions reductions, scientists estimate that Greenland's melt could be limited to an inch or less of further sea-level rise — almost certainly avoiding a complete meltdown.
Related Posts	All Posts


The Dunning-Kruger effect is a term coined in 1999 that nowadays is widely used, mostly in the fields of psychology and management, that defines the mental and cognitive state in which people with "low capacity" - a euphemism for the crappy professionals in a company - have an illusory concept of themselves and they erroneously evaluate their ability to do a good job, wrongly believing that they are nailing it and they are regarded like sort of divine entity in their office.
Countless experts who have been studying this phenomenon for years, argue that this feeling of superiority is usually involuntary and that the so-called "low-ability people" do not know how to evaluate the quality of their work objectively, or in this case their incompetence.
On the other hand, according to several studies, people who are to be rockstar level professionals tend to incorrectly assume that tasks that are easy for them are also easy for other people.
Since it was coined in the late twentieth century, the popularity of the concept has been growing year after year in the business sector. In fact, even some clueless companies have been able to detect the reasons why many projects failed.
So if you think you might have been possessed by this ego driven force, make yourself a favor and take a few minutes -or hours- to evaluate how good is your work. Your co-workers will surely appreciate it. If you wonder why so many good ideas have been failing lately, take a look around and perhaps you will spot a few Dunning-Kruger zombies that have been sabotaging a certain project that, on paper, was meant to be a big hit.


text:
Added on: August 2, 2012
Chapter 1 "Catalyst" Chapter 2 "E-Class Batteries" Chapter 3 "Side Effects" Chapter 4 "The Two Pulses" Chapter 5 "Weaknesses" Chapter 6 "Mayday" Ups and Downs The Man with the Mechanical Spies Stranger Every Day Thunder-Punch What Becomes Dirty... Inside Out Miles of Material What Shouldn't Be Spanked Popsicles Robbins Mind-Boggles The Greater Form The Others Sleep Chapter 8 "Double-Trouble" Chapter 9 "Teamwork" Chapter 10 "The End of the Beginning" Chapter 11 "Roomates" Chapter 12 "The Friendly Ghost" Chapter 13 "Search and Rescue" Chapter 14 "Damage" Chapter 15 "Three on One" Chapter 16 "Daze" Chapter 17 "Theft" Chapter 18 "The Great Chase" Chapter 19 "Like Father, Like Daughter" Chapter 20 "Bodies" Chapter 21 "Past History" Chapter 22 "Misfits" Chapter 23 "The Big Leap" Chapter 24 "Jungle Dreams" Chapter 25 "Path of the Dragon" Chapter 26 "The Seer" Chapter 27 "The One Who Knows" Chapter 28 "Divergence" Chapter 29 "Revival" Chapter 30 "The Dreamers" Chapter 31 "Repairs" Chapter 32 "Upgrade" Chapter 33 "Mother Daughter Day" Chapter 34 "Evil-Eye" Chapter 35 "Five Horns" Chapter 36 "Iron Maiden" Chapter 37 "Around Town" Chapter 38 "Gremlin" Chapter 39 "The Hunt"
I'm trying out something new, and have put up a Vote Incentive on Top Web Comics. I'm just curious how it'll turn out. If you have any feedback about it, or thoughts about the picture, I'd like to hear about it. This month, it's a sketch of Annie in a corset. I drew a picture of her dressed that way on DA in 2005 or 2006 and it's always been really popular.
There's no vote button here normally, I've been needing to customize the site here for a while. But the vote button appears on some of the main site for the comic.
Caley Tibbittz Collopy
I chuckled out loud as that last line.
I like this. It drives me crazy when shows aren't thorough when something weird happens to the protagonist. Like something malleable but sentient being latches onto the suites or car gets home and leaves the suite. I can fault the scientist if the thing is running away it will be wary of onlookers
But they're normally in a research bunker or something with a million cameras but no one sees it scurry away.


Wheel center cap with mighty horse blazon design. Used colors: black, red, light orange, center cap body is silver-alloy in color.
Asked by David on 18.08.2015 09:41.
Hello, I have some 2015 Ford Mustang wheels. The center caps have the part number FR3C-1A096-AC. It is approximately 54.5mm in diameter (head) and 50mm in diameter (back).
Do you have anything that will fit?
Hi David, Unfortunately the (back) diameter is slightly below our minimum (51,2mm). Therefore we are not able make caps for you. Sorry. I hope you will find what you are looking for.


text:
First NASA Astronaut on Twitter Tops a Million Followers
(PhysOrg.com) -- The first astronaut to tweet from space has passed another social media milestone. NASA's Mike Massimino, known as @Astro_Mike on Twitter, now shares his daily experiences with more than a million followers on the micro-blogging service.
Massimino flew in May aboard the final space shuttle mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope. He began a Twitter account about a month before his launch, provided updates throughout his time in orbit and continues to tweet about his post-flight experiences and the life and work of an astronaut.
"I am thrilled that so many people have been following and responding with such wonderful comments," Massimino said. "I tweet because I feel very lucky to have, what in my opinion, is the best job in the world. I've learned that there are so many people around the world who really love the space program and have a heartfelt interest in space travel -- just like me."
Massimino can be followed at: www.twitter.com/Astro_Mike
Since Massimino's flight, many other astronauts have begun to share insights of their experiences on Twitter. They offer varied perspectives of both training on Earth and flying in space. Among the NASA astronauts now active on Twitter:
-- Jeff Williams, space station Expedition 21 flight engineer and future station commander who arrived at the station early Friday. He will provide updates, including video and still imagery, about his six-month stay in orbit. He can be followed at: www.twitter.com/Astro_Jeff
-- Expedition 21 Flight Engineer Nicole Stott, also aboard the station, is providing insights of her time in space. She can be followed at: www.twitter.com/Astro_Nicole
-- Astronauts and twins Mark and Scott Kelly, slated to command the space shuttle and the International Space Station, respectively, next year, are sharing their unique perspectives with the Twitter community -- and with each other -- as they train at locations around the world.
Mark Kelly can be followed at: www.twitter.com/shuttlecdrkelly
Scott Kelly can be followed at: www.twitter.com/stationcdrkelly
-- Astronaut Jose Hernandez began NASA's first bilingual Twitter account in July about his preparation for last month's STS-128 shuttle mission. He tweets about his post-flight activities in English and Spanish. He can be followed at: www.twitter.com/astro_jose
More astronauts flying in space and training on Earth are expected to begin tweeting about their experiences in the near future. All NASA astronauts on Twitter can be followed at: twitter.com/NASA_Astronauts" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/NASA_Astronauts
Provided by JPL/NASA (news : web)
Citation: First NASA Astronaut on Twitter Tops a Million Followers (2009, October 6) retrieved 29 January 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2009-10-nasa-astronaut-twitter-tops-million.html
Astronauts 'tweet' from space
Astro_Mike: In space, everyone can hear you tweet
How do you sneeze in a spacesuit? Very carefully
NASA Announced 14th International Space Station Crew
Hubble astronauts begin training
NASA to Rotate Station Astronauts on Next Shuttle Mission
NASA, Pentagon developing nuclear-powered rocket for Mars voyage
Plasma thrusters used on satellites could be much more powerful than previously believed
Europe's JUICE spacecraft ready to explore Jupiter's icy moons
Incorporating scents into a VR environment suitable for spacefarers
The rich meteorology of Mars studied in detail from the Perseverance rover


The Justice Snapshot is designed to accommodate a fast paced, risk-laden environment in which the criminal justice system has been severely eroded by conflict or disaster. Within a narrow, 3-month time-frame, it engages with development partners, national authorities and non-governmental actors to produce a common evidence base for planning and costing early recovery in the justice system, while providing a monitoring and evaluation framework to measure progress.
Experience in Afghanistan, South Sudan and Somalia has shown that criminal justice data although scattered do exist. The Justice Snapshot brings these data together with surveys and practitioner interviews to create an accessible and easy-to-update website that encourages national institutions to invest in data collection to inform priorities in early recovery.
The Justice Snapshot sets the criminal justice system in the context of the wider security environment. It depicts zones of control which could limit access to justice, threats to justice actors, and the internal migration of people, which could place unmanageable pressures on the system. It provides a roadmap to proactively addressing extra-legal conditions that could limit and otherwise frustrate efforts to rebuild a national justice system.
The Snapshot sets out the political economy of criminal justice and where people turn for justice. It depicts the roles that traditional arbitration, state justice services, or military protocol play and when and how often people resort to one over another.
Most importantly, it leaves all stakeholders with increased analytical and monitoring capacity. By embedding the vast array of information that has been collected, analyzed, and visualized within a website, which automatically updates as new data are entered, the Snapshot establishes an increasingly accurate baseline of data to inform justice policy going forward.
inform a more responsive provision of justice services, especially where armed groups or other authorities such as the military offer competing approaches.
It's Actionable, compiling data from the ground level of individual police stations, courthouses, and prisons to identify weaknesses or gaps in personnel, infrastructure, and material resources. The data enable planners to assess and address strategic building, equipping, and training needs and to monitor and evaluate progress over time so as to scale up what works and remedy what does not.
It's Accessible, Quick and Transparent, applying a fast-paced and well tested methodology, the Snapshot uses live, interactive, updatable visualizations to bring into sharp relief nuances in data, instead of a static, 500-page report; while signaling discrepancies through data notes and making all source data available to users.
It's Collaborative and Transferable, engaging justice institutions from the beginning in collecting and analyzing their own data and enabling national authorities to take over administration and update of the Snapshot following initial implementation.
It's Objective and Apolitical, generating a series of data-driven views of the justice system, ranging across security and migration to infrastructure / resources, case flow and governance—weaving them together to illustrate how the criminal justice system is functioning.
GJG and Justice Mapping have conducted Justice Snapshots in Afghanistan, South Sudan, Somaliland and Somalia. A series of Justice Snapshots has recently been commissioned of Jubaland, Hirshabelle, South West states and Banadir in South Central Somalia and of Somaliland (DFID/UNOPS).
© Copyright 2019 Justice Snapshot. All rights reserved.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Present-day high-power laser systems, and ones that are currently envisaged for the near future \cite{eli, hiper,xfel}, are mostly of the pulsed type. For many applications \cite{marklund, mourou, esarey2009, piazza, jianxing2014, krushelnick, kitagawa, jianxing2015}, including laser acceleration of electrons, ions and bare nuclei, and laser-matter interaction, the need for super-intense pulses which contain merely a few laser cycles, continues to grow. Hence, a proper theoretical representation for the electric and magnetic fields of a pulse of this type is very much in demand and continues to motivate work, and stimulate efforts, in the field \cite{lax,davis,barton, esarey, esarey2, porras, brabec, winful,wang2,lu,hua,yan,becker,sepke_pulse,varin,pukhov, april1,april2, gonoskov,marceau, wong, varin1, salamin92a,salamin92b,josab33}.

A radially-polarized laser beam or pulse has two electric field components, one radial, which helps to confine a beam of particles to a region close to the propagation axis, and a second that is axial, which comes in handy for particle acceleration \cite{salamin2010,jianxing2012, wong2, sell}. This work is also motivated by recent advances in the technology of radially polarized laser systems \cite{kaertner, carbajo}. For modeling ultra-short ultra-strong laser pulses, the paraxial solutions of Maxwell's equations are no longer adequate \cite{lax, davis, barton}. The need for more accurate solutions to be employed \cite{esarey, april2} seems timely now.

This paper contributes to those continuing efforts and builds upon former investigations \cite{salamin92a,josab33,salamin92b}. Analytic expressions for the most dominant terms in the description of the electric and magnetic fields of an ultra-short and tightly-focused laser pulse of the radially-polarized category, will be derived. For our purposes in this work, ultra-short will mean of axial length, $L$, small compared to a Rayleigh length $z_r$, and by tightly-focused will be meant of waist radius at focus, $w_0\leq\lambda_0$, where $\lambda_0$ is a central wavelength.

This paper is organized as follows. First, key points of the background material are briefly reviewed in Sec. \ref{sec:back}. Based on that, analytic expressions for the zeroth-order fields, in some truncated series, assumed to be the most dominant ones, will be derived in Sec. \ref{sec:EandB}, following the work of Esarey {\it et al.} \cite{esarey} and our own earlier investigations \cite{salamin92a,josab33}. Higher-order corrections will only be used in numerical simulations, as they turn out to be quite cumbersome. In the derivations, two different initial pulse frequency-distributions will be employed, one Gaussian and the other Poissonian. Two sets of zero-order fields, obtained from the two distributions, will be derived and compared analytically, as well as numerically. A summary and our main conclusions will be given in Sec. \ref{sec:conc}.

\section{Background}\label{sec:back}

The fields will be derived from a vector potential $\bm{A}$ which satisfies the wave equation
\begin{equation}\label{we}
  \bm{\nabla}^2\bm{A} - \frac{1}{c^2} \frac{\partial^2\bm{A}}{\partial t^2} = 0,
\end{equation}
and a similar equation for the scalar potential $\Phi$ in vacuum, where $c$ is the speed of light. The vector and scalar potentials will be assumed to be linked via a Lorentz condition. The Following is a brief outline of the steps leading from Eq. (\ref{we}) to an expression for $\bm{A}$, and the associated scalar potential, from which the $\bm{E}$ and $\bm{B}$ fields of a radially polarized laser pulse will ultimately be obtained \cite{salamin92a}. The starting point is a change of variables, to the set $(\rho,\eta,\zeta)$, where $\rho = r/w_0$, $r=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$, $w_0$ is the initial waist radius at focus, $\zeta=z-ct$, and $\eta=(z+ct)/2$. In terms of the new variables, and for propagation along the $z$-axis, the ansaz
\begin{equation}\label{ansaz}
  A = A_0 a(\rho,\eta,\zeta) e^{ik_0\zeta},
\end{equation}
for the single-component vector potential is then introduced, in which $A_0$ is a constant complex amplitude, and $k_0=2\pi/\lambda_0$ is a central wavenumber corresponding to the central wavelength $\lambda_0$. The coordinate transformations turn (\ref{we}) into an equation for the amplitude $a(\rho,\eta,\zeta)$, which may then be synthesized from Fourier components $a_k$, according to
\begin{equation}\label{ak}
  a(\rho,\eta,\zeta) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty a_k(\rho,\eta,k) e^{ik\zeta} dk.
\end{equation}
It can be easily shown that each Fourier component satisfies an equation of the form
\begin{equation}\label{akwe}
\left[\frac{1}{\rho}\frac{\partial}{\partial\rho}\rho\frac{\partial}{\partial\rho} +4iz_{rk}\frac{\partial}{\partial \eta}\right]a_k = 0;
	\quad z_{rk} = (k+k_0)\frac{w_0^2}{2}.
\end{equation}
Equation (\ref{akwe}) admits an exact analytical solution, which may be written as
\begin{equation}\label{aksol}
  a_k(\rho,\eta,k) = f_k\psi_k,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}\label{psik}
  \psi_k = \beta_ke^{-\beta_k\rho^2};\quad \beta_k=\frac{1}{1+i\alpha_k}; \quad \alpha_k = \frac{\eta}{z_{rk}}.
\end{equation}

As has been pointed out elsewhere \cite{esarey,salamin92a,salamin92b}, $f_k$ is a function that must be adopted to appropriately represent the wavenumber distribution in $k$-space of the initial pulse, and whose Fourier transform will be related below to the spatio-temporal pulse envelope. Unfortunately, the Fourier transform of $a_k$ according to Eq. (\ref{ak}) cannot be evaluated analytically, in general. Resort to approximation is, therefore, inevitable. Viewing $\psi_k$ as a function of $k'\equiv k+k_0$, the following series expansion may be the natural approach to follow, namely
\begin{eqnarray}\label{psikexpansion}
  \psi_k &=& \sum_{m=0}^\infty\frac{(k'-k_0)^m}{m!} \left.\frac{\partial^m\psi_k}{\partial k'^m}\right|_{k'=k_0},\nonumber\\
         &=& \sum_{m=0}^\infty \frac{k^m}{m!} \psi_0^{(m)};\quad \psi_0^{(m)} \equiv\left.\frac{\partial^m\psi_k}{\partial k^m}\right|_{k=0}.
\end{eqnarray}
With the help of this expansion, the vector potential amplitude may be written as
\begin{equation}\label{aa}
  a(\rho,\eta,\zeta) = \sum_{m=0}^\infty \frac{\psi_0^{(m)}}{m!} F_m(\zeta),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}\label{Fm}
  F_m(\zeta) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty \left(f_k k^m\right) e^{ik\zeta}dk,
\end{equation}
is Fourier transform of the product $f_k\psi_k$. In anticipation of the conclusion, to be arrived at shortly, that terms in the sum (\ref{aa}) beyond the first will contribute negligibly in real applications, Eq. (\ref{aa}) will be replaced by the truncated series
\begin{equation}\label{atruncate}
  a^{(n)}(\rho,\eta,\zeta) \approx \sum_{m=0}^n \frac{\psi_0^{(m)}}{m!} F_m(\zeta).
\end{equation}

At this stage, the complex amplitude will be written as $A_0=a_0e^{i\varphi_0}$, in which $\varphi_0$ is an initial phase and $a_0$ is a real amplitude for the exact vector potential. The status of $a_0$ will be slightly modified in the approximate solutions to be presented below, by introducing model-dependent normalization factors, defined appropriately at each level of truncation. With this, the truncated vector potential (to order of truncation $n$) takes the form
\begin{equation}\label{Atruncate}
 A^{(n)}(\rho,\eta,\zeta) \approx a_0 e^{i\varphi_0+ik_0\zeta}\sum_{m=0}^n \frac{\psi_0^{(m)}}{m!} F_m(\zeta)
\end{equation}
Equation (\ref{Atruncate}) can be employed to obtain the electric and magnetic fields, to any desired order of truncation. However, on account of the conclusion to be made shortly for some initial frequency spectra, the zeroth-order terms may be the most dominant ones and only the lowest-order corrections may be necessary. For book-keeping purposes, explicit expressions for $\psi_0^{(m)}$, with $m = 0-3$, are \cite{salamin92a,salamin92b}
\begin{equation}
\label{ps00}  \psi_0^{(0)} = \beta e^{-\beta\rho^2},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{ps01}  \psi_0^{(1)} = \frac{i\alpha}{k_0}(1-\beta\rho^2) \beta^2  e^{-\beta\rho^2},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{ps02}  \psi_0^{(2)} = \frac{i\alpha}{k_0^2}\left[-2+(4\beta-2)\rho^2+i\alpha\beta^2\rho^4\right] \beta^3 e^{-\beta\rho^2},
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{ps03}  \psi_0^{(3)} &=& \frac{i\alpha}{k_0^3}\left[6+6(2-3\beta)\rho^2+3i\alpha\beta(1-3\beta)\rho^4 \right.\nonumber\\
               & &\left. +\alpha^2\beta^3\rho^6\right] \beta^4 e^{-\beta\rho^2}.
\end{eqnarray}
In Eqs. (\ref{ps00})-(\ref{ps03})
\begin{equation}\label{zr}
  \beta = \frac{1}{1+i\alpha};\quad \alpha = \frac{\eta}{z_r};\quad z_r \equiv z_{r0} = \frac{1}{2}k_0w_0^2,
\end{equation}
where $z_r$ is the Rayleigh length.
The zeroth-order electric and magnetic fields of an ultrashort and tightly focused laser pulse will be derived from the above equations, fully analytically. The first-order, and possibly higher-order corrections, can in principle be used in numerical calculations.

\section{The fields}\label{sec:EandB}

The radially polarized $\bm{E}$ and $\bm{B}$ fields will be obtained below from the one-component axially polarized vector potential \begin{equation}\label{A}
  \bm{A} = \hat{z} A;\quad A = a_0 a e^{i\varphi_0+ik_0\zeta},
\end{equation}
where $\hat{z}$ is a unit vector in the direction of propagation of the pulse, taken along the $z$-axis of a cylindrical coordinate system, together with the associated scalar potential \cite{mcdonald,salaminNJP8,salamin92a,salamin92b}. Employing SI units, the radial and axial electric field components may be obtained, respectively, from \cite{salamin92a}
\begin{equation}
\label{Erform} E_r = -\frac{c^2}{R} \frac{\partial}{\partial r} \left(\frac{\partial A}{\partial z}\right) - \frac{c^2}{R^2}
    \left(\frac{\partial A}{\partial z}\right) \frac{\partial}{\partial r} \left(\frac{1}{a} \frac{\partial a}{\partial t}\right),
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{Ezform} E_z = -\frac{\partial A}{\partial t}- \frac{c^2}{R} \frac{\partial^2 A}{\partial z^2} - \frac{c^2}{R^2}
    \left(\frac{\partial A}{\partial z}\right) \frac{\partial}{\partial z} \left(\frac{1}{a} \frac{\partial a}{\partial t}\right),
\end{equation}
in which
\begin{equation}\label{Rform}
   R = ick_0-\frac{1}{a}\frac{\partial a}{\partial t}.
\end{equation}
Furthermore, the only (azimuthal) magnetic field component will follow from
\begin{equation}\label{Bthetaform}
  B_\theta = -\frac{\partial A}{\partial r}.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{fig1.eps}
\caption{(Color online) The initial ($t = 0$) scaled intensity $|E_z/E_0|^2$ along the propagation direction ($\rho = 0$) of a radially polarized pulse prepared from a Gaussian initial spectrum and using the zeroth-order field component $E_z$ (blue solid lines) and when the first-order correction to $E_z$ is included (red dashed lines). Values of $L = w_0$ increase from (a) $0.5\lambda_0$ to (f) $3\lambda_0$ in steps of $0.5\lambda_0$. For all graphs, $\varphi_0 = 0$. }
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

Derivation of analytic expressions for the electric and magnetic fields from the appropriate vector potential will be done below. The starting point along this path is a choice that must be made for an appropriately defined initial pulse spectrum. In the next two subsections, two such choices will be made.

\subsection{An initial Gaussian spectrum}

An initial Gaussian spectrum is considered first, following Esarey {\it et al.} \cite{esarey} and our own earlier work \cite{josab33}. Employing the same notation as in \cite{esarey,josab33} the initial wavenumber distribution will be given by
\begin{equation}\label{fkgauss}
	f_k = \frac{\sigma}{k_0}\left(1+\frac{k}{k_0}\right) \exp\left(-\frac{k^2\sigma^2}{2k_0^2}\right),
\end{equation}
in which $\sigma$ is the pulse's initial full-width-at-half-maximum, given in terms of its spatial extension in the forward direction, $L\sim c\tau_0$, where $\tau_0$ is the temporal pulse duration, by $\sigma = k_0L/(2\sqrt{2\ln 2})$.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{fig2.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Same as Fig. \ref{fig1}a and \ref{fig1}b, but using the normalization factors $N_G^{(0)}$ and $N_G^{(1)}$. The blue solid lines are for the zeroth-order field component, while the red dashed lines are based on $E_z$ up to, and including, first-order.}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

To move on to finding the vector potential amplitude according to Eq. (\ref{atruncate}) one needs to evaluate the integral (\ref{Fm}) first. To any order of truncation $m$, one has
\begin{eqnarray}\label{FmG}
  F^G_m(\zeta) &=& \sqrt{\frac{2^m}{4\pi}}\left(\frac{k_0}{\sigma}\right)^m \left\{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sigma}\left[(-1)^{m+1}+1\right] \right.\nonumber\\
  & &\left.\times \Gamma \left(\frac{m+2}{2}\right)\left[ ~_1F_1\left(\frac{m+2}{2},\frac{1}{2},-\frac{k_0^2\zeta^2}{2\sigma^2}\right) \right.\right.\nonumber\\
  & &\left.\left.+\left(ik_0\zeta\right) ~_1F_1\left(\frac{m+2}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, -\frac{k_0^2 \zeta^2}{2 \sigma^2}\right)\right]\right.\nonumber\\
  & &\left.+\left[(-1)^m+1\right] \Gamma \left(\frac{m+1}{2}\right)\right.\nonumber\\
  & &\left.\times \left[ ~_1F_1\left(\frac{m+1}{2},\frac{1}{2},-\frac{k_0^2\zeta^2}{2 \sigma^2}\right)+\left(\frac{ik_0\zeta}{\sigma^2}\right)\right.\right.\nonumber\\
  & &\left.\left.\times(m+1) ~_1F_1\left(\frac{m+3}{2},\frac{3}{2},-\frac{k_0^2\zeta^2}{2\sigma ^2}\right)\right]\right\}.
\end{eqnarray}
In this equation $_1F_1$ stands for a confluent hypergeometric function, and the superscript $G$ stands for {\it Gaussian}. To lowest-order of truncation, and according to Eq. (\ref{Fm}) or (\ref{FmG})
\begin{equation}\label{F0G}
	F^G_0(\zeta) = q \exp\left(-\frac{k_0^2\zeta^2}{2\sigma^2}\right);
    \quad q = 1+\frac{ik_0\zeta}{\sigma^2},
\end{equation}
will give, at $t=0$, the initial spatial pulse envelope. To the same order, Eqs. (\ref{atruncate}) and (\ref{ps00}) yield
\begin{equation}\label{aG}
  a^{(0)} = \beta e^{-\beta\rho^2} F^G_0(\zeta).
\end{equation}
After some elaborate algebra, Eqs. (\ref{Erform})-(\ref{Bthetaform}) give
\begin{equation}
\label{Er0}  E_r^{(0)} = E_G\left(\frac{\rho\beta^2}{k_0w_0}\right)G_r^{(0)},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{Ez0} E_z^{(0)} = E_G\left(\frac{i\beta}{2k_0z_r}\right)
        G_z^{(0)},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{Btheta0} cB_{\theta}^{(0)} = E_G\left(\frac{2\rho\beta^2 }{k_0w_0}\right) q.
\end{equation}
In Eqs. (\ref{Er0})-(\ref{Btheta0})
\begin{equation}\label{EG}
   E_G = N_G^{(0)}E_0\exp\left(i\varphi_0+ik_0\zeta -\frac{k_0^2\zeta^2}{2\sigma^2} -\beta\rho^2\right),
\end{equation}
is common to all three field components. To maintain the general structure of the defining equations of the electric field components, namely, Eqs. (\ref{Erform}) and (\ref{Ezform}) the following functions are introduced
\begin{equation}\label{Gr}
 G_r^{(0)} = \frac{ic}{z_r}\left(\frac{G_1}{R_G}-\frac{ic\beta G_2}{2z_rR_G^2}\right),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}\label{Gz}
  G_z^{(0)}=\frac{2qz_r}{ic} R_G-\frac{ic}{2z_r}\left(\frac{G_3}{R_G}-\frac{ic G_4}{2z_rR_G^2}\right).
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{fig3.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Same as Fig. \ref{fig1}, but for the scaled intensity $|E_r/E_0|^2$ in the focal plane ($z = 0$). Values of the parameters $w_0 = L$ are: (a) $0.5\lambda_0$, and (b) $\lambda_0$.}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

With $E_0 = ck_0a_0$ and $N_G^{(0)}$ given by Eq. (\ref{N0G}) below, the remaining quantities in Eqs. (\ref{Gr}) and (\ref{Gz}) are
\begin{equation}\label{RG}
   R_G = \left(\frac{ic}{2qz_r}\right)\left[q\beta(1-\beta\rho^2)+2k_0z_r\left(q^2 + \frac{1}{\sigma^2}\right)\right],
\end{equation}
which follows from Eq. (\ref{Rform}) using the Gaussian spectrum, and
\begin{equation}\label{G1}
   G_1 = -q\beta+G_2,
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{G2}
   G_2 = q\beta(-1+\beta\rho^2)+2k_0z_r\left[q^2 + \frac{1}{\sigma^2}\right],
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{G3}
G_3 &=& q\beta^2(2-4\beta\rho^2 +\beta^2 \rho^4)\nonumber\\
    & &+4k_0z_r\beta
   \left(-1+\beta\rho^2\right)\left[q^2+\frac{1}{\sigma^2}\right]\nonumber\\
    & &+4k_0^2z_r^2q \left[q^2+\frac{3}{\sigma^2}\right],
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{G4}
G_4 &=& G_2\left[\beta^2 (-1+2 \beta \rho^2)\right. \nonumber\\
    & &\left.+
 \left(\frac{2k_0z_r}{q\sigma}\right)^2 \left(q^2-\frac{1}{\sigma^2}\right)\right].
\end{eqnarray}

Note that the radial electric field and azimuthal magnetic field components vanish identically at all points on the propagation axis, where $\rho=0$. For applications in which corrections to the field components beyond first-order need not be considered, a {\it normalization factor}, $N^{(0)}$, will be introduced, whose value is to be found by requiring that $E_z(0,0,0) = E_0$. Dropping correction terms of first-order of truncation and beyond, where applicable, it is suggested here to let $a_0 \to a_0N_G^{(0)}$, and to use this requirement to obtain
\begin{equation}\label{N0G}
  N_G^{(0)} = -\frac{2i\left[\sigma^2/2+k_0z_r \left(\sigma ^2+1\right)\right]^2}{\sigma^4+\sigma^2+2 k_0z_r \left(2 \sigma^4+3\sigma^2+3\right)},
\end{equation}
in order to partially compensate for the loss of accuracy.
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{fig4.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Same as Fig. \ref{fig2}, but for the scaled intensity $|E_r/E_0|^2$ in the focal plane ($z = 0$). Values of the parameters $w_0 = L$ range from (a) $0.5\lambda_0$ to (f) $3\lambda_0$, in steps of $0.5\lambda_0$. As in the other figures, solid blue: zeroth-order, and red dashed: including the first-order corrections.}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure}

For applications which require inclusion of the first-order corrections to the fields given by Eqs. (\ref{Er0})-(\ref{Btheta0}) the quantity
\begin{equation}\label{F1G}
  F^G_1(\zeta) = \frac{k_0}{\sigma^2} \left[1+ik_0\zeta-\left(\frac{k_0\zeta}{\sigma}\right)^2\right] \exp\left[-\frac{k_0^2\zeta^2}{2\sigma^2}\right],
\end{equation}
is needed in addition to $F_0$. To that order, $a_0 \to a_0 N_G^{(1)}$, in which the corresponding normalization factor is
\begin{equation}\label{N1G}
	N_G^{(1)} = -\frac{i\sigma^2 \left[-1+\sigma^2+2k_0 z_r(1+\sigma^2)\right]^2}{2 \left[2+3 \sigma^2-2
   \sigma^4+\sigma^6-4k_0z_r(1-\sigma^6)\right]}.
\end{equation}

To assess the relative importance of the first-order corrections to the zeroth-order field components, Fig. \ref{fig1} shows the scaled intensity, $|E_z/E_0|^2$, along the propagation direction, without the normalization factors, of a pulse, with and without these corrections. It is clear from the figure that the zeroth-order expression is sufficient for describing the field component $E_z$, so long as the values of $w_0 = L>\lambda_0$. For $w_0 = L = 0.5\lambda_0$, adding the first-order correction term changes the Gaussian shape of the pulse quite visibly, indicating that the representation may not be valid down to that level of tight focusing.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{fig5.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Initial ($t=0$) intensity profiles $|E_z/E_0|^2$ vs. distance along the propagation direction, for a radially polarized laser pulse evolving from a Poisson initial spectrum. The solid blue lines are for a description based on the zeroth-order field component $E_z$ and the red dotted lines are for $E_z$ up to second-order truncation. From (a) to (f) the values of $w_0 = L$ vary from $0.5\lambda_0$ to $3\lambda_0$ in steps of $0.5\lambda_0$, and the corresponding parameter $s$ = 4.37, 19.226, 43.91, 78.45, 122.87, 177.15, respectively, according to Eq.~(\ref{s}).}
\label{fig5}
\end{figure}

To make up for the compromised accuracy, which results from dropping the higher-order corrections, a normalization factor has been employed in the fashion described above. In Fig. \ref{fig2}, the same intensity profile, $|E_z/E_0|^2$, is shown for the cases (a) and (b) of Fig. \ref{fig1}, but with the normalization factors included. Inclusion of the first-order terms does not result in any visible corrections to the intensity profiles for all values of $w_0 = L \ge\lambda_0$, and thus those terms can safely be dropped when the normalization factors are employed. Unfortunately, the range of validity of the zeroth-order fields cannot clearly be extended down to a pulse of sub-wavelength waist radius $w_0$ and/or axial length $L$. Neither is the Gaussian shape restored fully under these conditions.

Next, the intensity profile $|E_r/E_0|^2$, derived from the radial component of the electric field, is investigated in the initial focal plane ($t = 0 = z$). Examples are shown in Figs. \ref{fig3} and \ref{fig4}. It is obvious from Fig. \ref{fig3}, and for the parameter set used, that addition of the first-order correction alters the profile visibly only for $w_0 = L = 0.5\lambda_0$, as shown in Fig. \ref{fig3}a. For $w_0 = L \ge\lambda_0$, on the other hand, the zeroth-order description seems to be sufficient, and the first-order corrections may safely be dropped.

\subsection{An initial Poisson spectrum}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{fig6.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Same as Fig. \ref{fig5}, but using the normalization factors specific to a radially polarized pulse which evolves from an initial Poisson spectrum.}
\label{fig6}
\end{figure}

As has already been pointed out elsewhere \cite{esarey,josab33} the Gaussian spectrum (\ref{fkgauss}) has, inherent in it, negative frequencies. The first term in Eq. (\ref{fkgauss}) has been introduced specifically \cite{esarey} to eliminate the frequency corresponding to $k=-k_0$. An initial spectrum which involves only physical frequencies, to be employed next, is the Poissonian \cite{april1,april2,varin1}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{poissonk}
    f_k = \sqrt{2\pi}\left(\frac{s}{k_0}\right)^{s+1}\frac{k^s e^{-s k/k_0}}{\Gamma(s+1)}H(k),
\end{eqnarray}
where $s$ is a real positive parameter, $\Gamma(x)$ is the Gamma function, and $H(k)$ is a unit step function, introduced precisely to exclude the (unphysical) negative frequencies. The parameter $s$ is related to the laser pulse duration $\tau_0$, or root-mean-square of the temporal distribution, through \cite{april1,april2}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{s}
    \tau_0=\frac{2s}{\omega_0 \sqrt{2s-1}}.
\end{eqnarray}
Equation (\ref{s}) is quadratic in $s$. In subsequent developments and the examples to be investigated and presented graphically, values of $s>1$ will be considered only.

Fourier transform of $f_k$ for the Poisson spectrum, for an arbitrary order of truncation $m$, follows immediately from Eq. (\ref{Fm}). The result is
\begin{equation}\label{FmP}
  F^P_m(\zeta) = \left(\frac{k_0}{s}\right)^m\frac{\Gamma (m+s+1)}{\Gamma(s+1)} h^{-m-s-1},
\end{equation}
in which the superscript $P$ stands for {\it Poisson}, and
\begin{equation}\label{h}
  h=1-\frac{ik_0\zeta}{s}.
\end{equation}
Next, the lowest-order fields will be derived from the vector potential, following the procedure outlined in Sec. \ref{sec:back} above. The main equations for the zeroth-order fields will be spelled out explicitly here, together with the defining equations for the quantities of relevance to them.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{fig7.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Same as Fig. \ref{fig5}, but for the scaled intensity $|E_r/E_0|^2$ in the focal plane ($z = 0$) of the pulse which evolves from an initial Poisson spectrum. Values of the parameters $w_0 = L$ are: (a) $0.5\lambda_0$, and (b) $\lambda_0$, and $s$ = 4.37, 19.226, respectively.}
\label{fig7}
\end{figure}

The starting point is a vector potential similar to that given by Eq. (\ref{A}) with an expression for $a(\rho,\eta,\zeta)$ exactly the same as in Eq. (\ref{aG}) apart from
\begin{equation}\label{F0P}
F^P_0(\zeta)=h^{-s-1},
\end{equation}
the Fourier transform of $f_k$. The following field components follow from Eqs. (\ref{Erform})-(\ref{Bthetaform})
\begin{equation}\label{Er0P}
E_r^{(0)} =  E_P\left(\frac{\rho\beta^2 }{k_0 w_0}\right) P_r^{(0)},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{Ez0P} E_z^{(0)} = E_P\left(\frac{i\beta}{2k_0z_r}\right)
        P_z^{(0)},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{Btheta0P}
cB_{\theta}^{(0)} = E_P\left(\frac{2\rho\beta^2}{k_0w_0}\right)h.
\end{equation}
Here, too, $E_0 = ck_0a_0$, and
corresponding to Eq. (\ref{EG}) of the Gaussian distribution, one has for the Poisson spectrum
\begin{equation}\label{EP}
   E_P = N_P^{(0)}E_0e^{i\varphi_0+ik_0\zeta-\beta\rho^2} \left[1-\frac{ik_0\zeta}{s}\right]^{-s-2}.
\end{equation}
The structure of the defining equations (\ref{Erform}) and (\ref{Ezform}) is maintained here, too, which requires introduction of the Posisson spectrum functions
\begin{equation}\label{Pr}
 P_r^{(0)} = \frac{ic}{z_r}\left(\frac{P_1}{R_P}-\frac{ic\beta P_2}{2z_rR_P^2}\right),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}\label{Pz}
  P_z^{(0)}=\frac{2hz_r}{ic} R_P-\frac{ic}{2z_r}\left(\frac{P_3}{R_P}-\frac{ic P_4}{2z_rR_P^2}\right).
\end{equation}
In Eqs. (\ref{Pr}) and (\ref{Pz})
\begin{equation}\label{RP}
   R_P = \left(\frac{ic}{2hz_r}\right)\left[h\beta(1-\beta\rho^2) +2k_0z_r\left(1+\frac{1}{s}+h\right)\right],
\end{equation}
is obtained from (\ref{Rform}) employing parameters of the Poisson spectrum, and
\begin{equation}\label{P1}
   P_1 = -h\beta+P_2,\\
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{P2}
   P_2 = h\beta(-1+\beta\rho^2)+2k_0z_r\left(1+\frac{1}{s}+h\right),\\
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{P3}
P_3 &=& h\beta^2(2-4\beta\rho^2 +\beta^2 \rho^4)\nonumber\\
    & &+4k_0z_r\beta
   \left(-1+\beta\rho^2\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{s}+h\right]\nonumber\\
    & &+4k_0^2z_r^2 \left[\frac{2}{h s^2}+\frac{3}{h s}+\frac{1}{h}+\frac{2}{s}+h+2\right],
\end{eqnarray}

\begin{equation}\label{P4}
P_4 = P_2\left[\beta^2 (-1+2 \beta \rho^2) +
 \left(\frac{2 k_0 z_r}{h s}\right)^2 \left(s+1\right)\right].
\end{equation}
Furthermore, the following is a normalization factor similar to (\ref{N0G}) of the Gaussian distribution
\begin{equation}\label{N0P}
N_P^{(0)}=\frac{-i\left[s+2k_0z_r\left(1+2s\right)\right]^2}{2s\left(1+2s\right) +4k_0z_r\left(1+7s+8s^2\right)}.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{fig8.eps}
\caption{(Color online) Same as Fig. \ref{fig6}, but using the normalization factors specific to a radially polarized pulse which evolves from an initial Poisson spectrum.}
\label{fig8}
\end{figure}

To save space in this paper, the first-order corrections to the fields obtained in this section will not be given. Only the corresponding pulse-shape function $F^P_1$ and the normalization factor $N_P^{(1)}$ will be given, respectively, by
\begin{equation}\label{F1P}
  F^P_1(\zeta) = k_0\left(\frac{s+1}{s}\right) h^{-s-2},
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}\label{NP1}
  N_P^{(1)} = \frac{-is\left[1-2k_0z_r\left(1+2s\right)\right]^2}{2\left[1+11s+10s^2+4s^3 -4k_0z_r\left(1+5s+5s^2\right)\right]}.
\end{equation}

The set of figures 5-8 correspond, one-to-one and respectively, to the set 1-4, albeit for the Poisson initial frequency spectrum. One major distinction between the two sets should be pointed out, though. In Figs. 1-4 the field components employed are described by zero- and first-order truncation terms, whereas Figs. 5-8 have been calculated using up to and including second-order truncation corrections. Note that, in Figs. \ref{fig5} and \ref{fig6}, adding further correction terms does not result in good convergence of the displayed curves, for $w_0 = L\le\lambda_0$. Upon further scrutiny, this behaviour has been found to be due to the odd-order truncation terms. By contrast, in the radial intensity profiles displayed in Figs. \ref{fig7} and \ref{fig8}, convergence occurs already at the first-order correction and, therefore, terms beyond zeroth-order, in the expressions which model the radial electric field component $E_r$, can safely be dropped. An accurate description of $E_r$ of an ultra-short and tightly-focused laser pulse may adequately be described by the lowest order term, down to the range $w_0 = L = \lambda_0/2$.

\section{Summary and Conclusions}\label{sec:conc}

This paper has been devoted to the analytic calculation of the electric and magnetic fields, to lowest-order truncation, of an ultra-short and tightly-focused laser pulse, of the radially polarized variety, propagating in a vacuum, from vector and scalar potentials linked by the Lorentz condition. Two initial wavenumber distributions have been used to synthesize the fields of the pulse by proper Fourier transformation. Every effort has been exerted to develop and present the final results from both distributions, similarly. Similar quantities have been introduced in the descriptions of the results, distinguished from one another merely by subscripts $G$ (for Gaussian) and $P$ (for Poisson) to facilitate comparison and contrast. Whereas explicit expressions have been reported only for the most dominant (zeroth-order) terms, a complete program has also been outlined, including some important analytic steps of basic relevance,  for calculating the field components numerically, to any desired order of truncation. Scaled initial intensity profiles $|E_z/E_0|^2$ and $|E_r/E_0|^2$, based on our analytic (zeroth-order) and numerical (first- and second-order) have been displayed graphically, employing a set of parameters which emphasizes the ultra-short and tightly-focused characteristics of the pulse.

Our main conclusions from this work may be summarized as follows. The analytic expressions reported above for the zeroth-order components of the fields are compact, and may be found quite handy for many applications. Terms of higher order than the zeroth, however, turned out to be quite cumbersome and have, thus, been left out. Alternatively, the program of calculating the fields numerically can be resorted to, if needed. It has been demonstrated, by showing initial intensity distributions, that the zeroth-order expressions are sufficient for describing all of the field components when the Gaussian spectrum is employed, and for pulse axial length, $L$, and waist radius at focus, $w_0$, down to $\lambda_0/2$. For the Poisson spectrum, the same conclusion has been arrived at for only the radial component $E_r$. More (higher-order) terms are needed to adequately model the axial component $E_z$, for the same parameter set just mentioned.

\begin{acknowledgments}

YIS is supported by a Faculty Research Grant (FRG-13) from the American University of Sharjah.

\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: MySQL with slow queries I have a website running on Wordpress Multisite + Woocommerce with over 5700 users on a Nginx + Apache server. I recently experienced some down time but didn't get any errors, just a blank page.
I contacted my hosting company (WP Engine) and they said the following:

your site is suffering from slow queries being run on tables with too
  many rows.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Name                           Rows
wp_users                       6046
wp_groups_user_group           6867
wp_rg_form_view                7657
wp_posts                       12574
wp_rg_lead_detail              12925
wp_woocommerce_order_items     13510
wp_term_relationships          14581
wp_options                     17169
wp_comments                    57730
wp_commentmeta                 65568
wp_usermeta                    176243
wp_woocommerce_order_itemmeta  278636
wp_postmeta                    491916
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

The reason the errors are happening is because the queries on the
  above tables are not completing fast enough. This is due to excessive
  table rows. Here is an example query that is having the issue:

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# Time: 140219 13:00:28
# User@Host: Websitename @ localhost [127.0.0.1]
# Thread_id: 3948879  Schema: wp_dbname  Last_errno: 0  Killed: 0
# Query_time: 2.394413  Lock_time: 0.000171  Rows_sent: 1  Rows_examined: 510794  Rows_affected: 0  Rows_read: 510794
# Bytes_sent: 89
SET timestamp=1392814828;
SELECT COUNT( order_items.order_item_id )
        FROM wp_woocommerce_order_items as order_items
        LEFT JOIN wp_woocommerce_order_itemmeta AS itemmeta ON order_items.order_item_id = itemmeta.order_item_id
        LEFT JOIN wp_postmeta AS postmeta ON order_items.order_id = postmeta.post_id
        LEFT JOIN wp_term_relationships AS rel ON postmeta.post_id = rel.object_ID
        LEFT JOIN wp_term_taxonomy AS tax USING( term_taxonomy_id )
        LEFT JOIN wp_terms AS term USING( term_id )
        WHERE   term.slug IN ('completed','processing','on-hold')
        AND     tax.taxonomy        = 'shop_order_status'
        AND     (
                    (
                        itemmeta.meta_key = '_variation_id'
                        AND itemmeta.meta_value = '1261'
                    ) OR (
                        itemmeta.meta_key = '_product_id'
                        AND itemmeta.meta_value = '1261'
                    )
        )
        AND     (
                    (
                        postmeta.meta_key = '_billing_email'
                        AND postmeta.meta_value IN ( 'john@email.com' )
                    ) OR (
                        postmeta.meta_key = '_customer_user'
                        AND postmeta.meta_value = '2936' AND postmeta.meta_value > 0
                    )
                )
     /* From [example.com/product/example_product/] in [example.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/woocommerce-core-functions.php:1862] */;
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

And finally they suggested for me to work with my database/web developer to slim the database and this will speed the queries up and allow them to work properly.
As I am not database expert, I just wanted to ask here - is what WP Engine recommended to me reasonable? I ask because I know there are many websites running on much bigger databases that are larger than mine and they're working properly! That being said, Could it possibly be that WP Engine just has slow server processing or should I do what they recommended?
Thanks

A: *

*If you are using MySQL v5.6 because Performance_Schema has lot of metadata about your query/table and how the processing of a query happened (almost everything that is helpful for you to debug a problem/query internals)

You can have a look at my existing answer here:
Is there a way to get slow-query-log-like profiling information on a single query?

*

*Otherwise, You can try Show Profiling functionality of MySQL to find out where most of the time has been taken by a query execution and optimize based on result:
set profiling=1;
Run your slow query (eg SELECT * FROM table WHERE name='xxx';
SHOW PROFILES;
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/show-profile.html
Analyze EXPLAIN EXTENED output and optimize query accordingly and profile the query again to see gain in performance.


text:
Indiana Jones Headlines
INDIANA JONES 4-MOVIE COLLECTION Coming To 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray This June From Paramount Home Entertainment
The news we've all been waiting for is finally here, as Paramount Home Entertainment has today announced that the Indiana Jones 4-Movie Collection will be released on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray this summer...
JoshWilding | 3/15/2021
Filed Under: "Indiana Jones"
The world's greatest adventurer won't be coming to Disney+ for the foreseeable future, so the news that Paramount Home Entertainment is releasing the Indiana Jones 4-Movie Collection in a new 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray is definitely welcomed! It will arrive in stores on June 8th, 2021 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Raiders of the Lost Ark.
Believe it or not, we were first introduced to Indy on June 12th, 1981, and forty years later, the legendary hero continues to captivate new generations of fans.
Now, for the first time ever, all four Indiana Jones films are available together in 4K Ultra HD with Dolby Vision® and HDR-10 for ultra-vivid picture quality and state-of-the-art Dolby Atmos audio. Each film has been meticulously remastered from 4K scans of the original negatives with extensive visual effects work done to ensure the most pristine and highest quality image. Oh, and the best part of all this? All picture work was approved by director Steven Spielberg.
In addition, all four films were remixed at Skywalker Sound under the supervision of legendary sound designer Ben Burtt to create the Dolby Atmos soundtracks. The Indiana Jones 4-Movie Collection comes bundled with a collectible booklet with behind-the-scenes images from all four films. There's also going to be a Blu-ray with seven hours of previously released bonus content.
This sounds awesome, and we'll hopefully have more to share with you on the release very soon.
INDIANA JONES 5 Rumored To Be Setting The Stage For The Franchise's New Lead - SPOILERS
A very interesting new rumour is doing the rounds about Indiana Jones 5, and we may now know what Lucasfilm's future plans for the franchise are. Needless to say, this could be controversial to some...
INDIANA JONES 5 Adds PAIN AND GLORY Star Antonio Banderas In A Mysterious Role
Indiana Jones 5 has been shooting for a few weeks now, but we're only just finding out about a major new addition to the cast in Academy Award-nominated Pain and Glory star Antonio Banderas...
INDIANA JONES 5 Set Photo Gives Us A First Look At FLEABAG Star Phoebe Waller-Bridge In '60s Attire
Another photo from the Glasgow set of Indiana Jones 5 has found its way online, and this time we have a first glimpse of Phoebe Waller-Bridge (Fleabag, Solo: A Star Wars Story) in-costume. Check it out.
INDIANA JONES 5 Set Photos Seemingly Confirm Recently Leaked Plot Details - Possible SPOILERS
Some new photos from the set of James Mangold's Indiana Jones 5 have found their way online, and they seemingly confirm some recent - and highly divisive - plot details about the movie. Spoilers ahead...
INDIANA JONES 5 Star Harrison Ford Suffers Shoulder Injury While Rehearsing Fight Scene
Though the extent of the injury is not known, Harrison Ford has reportedly hurt his shoulder while shooting a fight scene for James Mangold's Indiana Jones 5. Production is expected to continue, however.