We've had a couple of "Ewww, gross!" moments in the household this past weekend. As always with these things, this is my opinion of the product. Your mileage may vary. Any rebroadcast, reproduction, or other use of the pictures and accounts of this game without the express written consent of Major League Baseball is prohibited. Do not use in the shower. Void where prohibited. Some assembly required. Use AA batteries only. You know, all the disclaimer stuff. I'm the gal who loved Mandarin Chocolate Surprise, an orange flavored dark chocolate ice cream that Baskin Robbins had back in the early 1980's. I remember going to get a double scoop of it and having the clerk say, "Does this flavor really make you glow in the dark?" My tastes border on slightly weird.
Anyway, our first "ewwww" is that wanna be Dr Pepper. Mr. Pibb is probably the ONLY soda of this ilk that comes close to my beloved Dr Pepper. I've had Dr. Thunder, WalMarts horrible attempt. Dr. Storm is beyond bad, beyond terrible, beyond horribad. I really don't have any words for how bad this is. At 88 cents for a 2 liter, compared to $1.89 for a 2 liter of Dr Pepper, it's hugely tempting to shave a lot off your grocery bill and buy this. Don't. Just don't. I think I consumed about an eighth of a cup and I just couldn't drink any more. I wound up pouring this down the drain. Now, I'm craving Dr Pepper. I shouldn't have bought the Dr. Storm in the first place but I wanted soda. I should have told the "I want" in my head that seltzer was just fine. Seltzer is just fine, but I'm down to my last 2 cans of that.
These made the "ewww" list. Now, the girls love Temptations cat treats. These were in a box of stuff I won. (Memo to self: the box this came in needs to be recycled. It's in the way.) I got a drinking fountain, a bag of cat food, 6 cans of cat food and these treats. I thought, for a holiday treat, I'd open this up and see how the girls liked them.
They were very excited when I ripped open the top of the package. They know treat bags by sight. I gave each of them 5 pieces. Mija sniffed hers and then looked at me as if to say, "This is all you got? No. No. I know the treats come in this bag. You're fooling me." She refused to eat them.
Pilchard sniffed them and actually tried them, but she didn't eat all that I gave her. In fact, she ate half of the 6 I gave her and then sat down with the rest at her feet. She just looked at me. It was "the look", the "I am disgusted" look.
I know you're supposed to mix old with new when you're changing over to new food. But, with treats, it shouldn't really matter. Treats are treats. They get a couple before I head to work and a couple when I get home from work. Beyond that, they don't get any more. They have to like them out of the bag immediately, or it's not worth it. I tried again later in the day but got even less of a response to them. I sprinkled them about the deck where the raccoons could have them overnight. As they were gone in the morning, I'm assuming there were a hit with the wildlife.
So, we've had a couple of big no's in the house. I need to find some "Yes's".


Are you looking for a high quality, dependable locksmith service in the Marlow area? Marlow Locksmith are a team of professional locksmiths serving all of Marlow and its surrounding areas. We operate a 24 hour emergency service, all year round including all the holidays. No matter what time you get caught out with a locksmith emergency; you can count on us to come to you without delay and get the problem resolved quickly.
We understand that emergencies usually pop up at the most inconvenient times and usually when we have heaps to do. If you need to get to work or have commitments to keep to; don't worry we will be at your place within 30 minutes and will have the job done in no time. All of our technician's vans are fully equipped and carry a full inventory of locks, including all the leading brands. From basic to high security locks; we have something for everyone for both residential and commercial use; including locks that are insurance approved and conform to current British Standards (BS3621).
As well as locks we also supply and install CCTV and burglar alarms as well as a wide range of other security products, such as the London and Birmingham Bar. We also have a wide range of Smart Home products. If you're unsure which locks to install or which products will best meet your requirements, one of our technicians can give you a free consultation and recommend you the best locks etc. according to your property and its location.
Whether you've been locked out of your home or you've been burgled and need burglary repairs, or perhaps you are just about to move into a new home, and need a lock change. Whatever the case may be, you can count on us to come to you, and get the job done more quickly than you can imagine.


Latest statistics for euroavocatura.ro website: estimated summary traffic is 217 Thousand sessions per month (7.23 Thousand sessions per day, or 79.2 Million sessions per year). The site links to network IP address 93.115.81.154. As of April 01, 2019, Alexa rank is 643724.
87.2 percent of visits to this site come from a search engine, while 12.2% come directly and 0.5% via a hyperlink somewhere on the internet.


The LG V40 ThinQ is the first phone in the world that lets you take an ultra wide-angle shot or zoom in, thanks to the three cameras on its back. From the 107° ultra wide lens, through the 78° main lens to the 45° telephoto lens, the new flagship covers 3x worth of optical zoom (the lenses are 16-25-50mm in 35mm equivalent).
The main camera features a 12MP sensor with 1.4µm pixels, significantly larger than the 1.0µm pixels of the LG G7 and V35. It comes paired with a brighter f/1.5 lens and Optical Image Stabilization, so low-light performance should be much improved. This is the first LG camera to offer Dual Pixel autofocus.
The other two cameras on the LG V40 ThinQ allow you to take an all-encompassing shot or zoom in closer. The latter is handled by the 12MP tele camera with f/2.4 lens. The 16MP ultra wide-angle module has been borrowed from the G7.
All three rear cameras feature digital image stabilization for video along with HDR recording. The top video capture mode is 4K at 60fps and there's a 1080p at 240fps mode for cool slow-mo shots.
Also, you can take a photo with all three cameras (almost) simultaneously with the Triple Shot feature, which will create a video or a GIF out of the three images. There's naturally an AI engine that will help you compose your shot. It recognizes people in the frame and will guide to a perfect "rule of thirds" composition.
While the V40's heart is its camera, it has much more going for it. With the 6.4" FullVision display, the V-series has regained its size advantage over the G-series. It's a QHD+ OLED panel with HDR10 support and a 19.5:9 aspect ratio. And it has a notch.
Inside is the dual selfie camera – 8MP (f/1.9, 80°) plus 5MP (f/2.4, 90°). These two come calibrated out of the factory and offer studio lighting portraits among other cool effects.
The LG V40 ThinQ lives up to its legacy with the full complement of IP68 rating and MIL-STD-810G certification. All that and at 169g, it's significantly lighter than the Galaxy Note9 and iPhone XS Max. It's only a few grams more than the smaller G7 and it's actually a tenth of a millimeter thinner than it.
LG still believes in wired headphones, perhaps because of the 32-bit QuadDAC provides a sonic boost that not all Bluetooth headphones can match. The phone also boasts a BoomBox speaker (sadly, just the one).
The V40 runs Android 8.1 Oreo (with LG's custom launcher on top) on a Snapdragon 845 chipset with 6GB of RAM. There's a single storage option: 64GB. The good news is that LG is keeping the microSD slot alive.
The battery capacity is 3,300mAh, on the small side in this class. But the V40 supports fast wireless charging, a first for LG. The wired option is QuickCharge 3.0.
The LG V40 ThinQ will be available from October 18 in Aurora Black (polished finish) and Moroccan Blue (sandblasted). Its starting price is $900. You can find more about the pricing here.


text:
Hip hop news
Maxo Kream Announces New Album Drops Next Week
Bryson "Boom" Paul
Hip hop news, Hip Hop News | Trending Hip Hop Stories, Music
"..It's been a lil minute but its time some real sh*t again," captioned Maxo Kream in a new Instagram post unveiling the cover art to his new album, Weight of the World, that drops on Monday — October 18.
The album that includes the new Tyler The Creator-featured single "Big Persona" will be released on Monday, which has fans curious why not the normal Friday release. Well… the release coincides with the anniversary of the death of the Houston rapper's cousin Woodrow Kream and his niece's birthday, he explains on Twitter.
He tweets with album trailer: "I lost so much that I can never get bacc but I'm still here ten toes down."
I lost so much that I can never get bacc but I'm still here ten toes down new album coming on 10/18 pic.twitter.com/4xjgcj4viY
— Maxo Kream (@MAXOKREAM) October 11, 2021
MORE: Maxo Kream punches fan who threw a beer at him
Kream shares Weight of the World was inspired by the death of his younger brother Money Madu, who was gunned down on March 11, 2020, in Los Angeles.
The forthcoming album ends Kream's two-year hiatus following his 2019 album Brandon Banks featuring Travis Scott, Megan Thee Stallion, Schoolboy Q and A$AP Ferg. Weight of the World will be available on all streaming platforms via RCA.
In other news, Maxo Kream became a Girl Dad with the birth of his new daughter last week. See a video of Papa Kream with his new baby girl below.
Papa Kream pic.twitter.com/wPtpsj7KgS
— Maxo Kream (@MAXOKREAM) October 4, 2021
Peep the cover art to Maxo Kream's new album, Weight of the World.
maxo kream weight of the world
Big Personahoustonmaxo kreamMoney Madutyler the creatorWeight of the World
Contributing Journalist
Bryson "Boom" Paul is a well-known journalist and media correspondent. He has written for OC Weekly, LA Weekly, Dallas Observer, Hip Hop DX and more. Throughout 13-plus years, he has interviewed the biggest names in music, like Tyler the Creator, 50 Cent and Sean Paul.
Tiffany Haddish Arrested for DUI After Falling Asleep at the Wheel
[WATCH] Gunna Opens Up About Beef With Freddie Gibbs
Mira B

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


'Abba, give me a word!' So young monks and visitors to desert monasteries would often address an 'elder' at the beginning of the fourth century. These seekers believed that a word originating outside oneself would descend into the heart and give direction to one's inner life. Enzo Bianchi has tried to let himself be guided by the biblical and patristic tradition in Words of Spirituality, his response to the requests of those who ask him for 'a reason for his hope'. These 'words' of Fr Bianchi are not listed alphabetically or by theme. Rather they are arranged to take us on a journey. Through the use of a method of allusions and cross-references, one term evokes another, explains it in part, and sets aside some elements of its definition to be taken up further on. At the heart of the book is the conviction that our life has meaning: it is not our task to invent or determine that meaning, but simply to discover it - present and active - in and around us.


Spring is in the air, and with spring showers, May flowers, and all that other good stuff, comes a great array of spring theater performances here in Lancaster County. Best of all, catching a show means you're not at the mercy of unpredictable weather, which we've had our share of this winter!! That's GOT to be a good thing!
Sharadin Bigler Theatre: At less than a mile away, this is the closest theater to the Historic Smithton Inn. It's an absolutely wonderful, critically acclaimed, community theater. If you've ever been to London for "Fringe Theater", or "Off-Broadway", it's a lot like that. I guarantee that you won't be disappointed by a performance!
Sight and Sound: This wonderful theater is actually the #1 tourist attraction in Lancaster County! And there's a lot of great competition for that top slot… this theater is just THAT good!! Their shows are impressive no matter what your religious persuasion; think Epic staging combined with live animals!! There's not a bad seat in the house, and if you can fit it in, I highly recommend the "Behind the Scenes Tour".
Fulton Opera House: I love that Lancaster has a beautiful, historic, architecturally gorgeous theater… the fact that they put on a great show too is just gravy!! Set in the center of downtown Lancaster, the venue is surrounded by restaurants, markets, shops and art galleries, so you can make a whole afternoon adventure out of it if you'd like.
Rainbow Dinner Theatre: This all-comedy dinner theater is a fun way to combine dinner with a show. Perfect for couples, groups of friends or family, you can enjoy a full night out without having to drive all over town to do it!
Dutch Apple Dinner Theatre: It says something about Lancaster County that we enjoy our live theaters so much that we've got TWO dinner theaters. Dutch Apple is known for putting on great musicals, and they've got some favorites scheduled this spring. And if you just want to catch a show without doing dinner at Dutch Apple, they have that option available.
Hershey Theatre: The Hershey Theatre is an easy 40 mile drive west along 322 from the Historic Smithton Inn, making it a great place to go for a quick jaunt or a day trip. The theater is gorgeous and hosts a number of types of shows including concerts, Broadway performances and old classic films.
American Music Theatre: AMT is the place to go in Lancaster County for great live music… plus the occasional comedy or specialty performance. The venue hosts a combination of in-house produced shows and touring stars of all genres, from Country and Rock, to Classical and Big-Band… AMT has it all. The theater is the perfect size, with a combination of great acoustics and not a bad seat in the house!


text:
#ifndef BOOST_SPIRIT_INCLUDE_CLASSIC_KLEENE_STAR
#define BOOST_SPIRIT_INCLUDE_CLASSIC_KLEENE_STAR
#include <boost/spirit/home/classic/core/composite/kleene_star.hpp>
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


H&H Men's Hair Design is the most trusted men's hair salon in Castle Hill that offers high-quality hairdressing services such as styling haircuts, hair colour, shaves and more.
We offer high-quality styling haircuts, hair colour, shaves, flat top, streaks and much more. We are always ready to give you a piece of advice about your haircut, hairstyles or any other service. Our barbers like the challenge of learning a client's likes and dislikes because to us barbering is an everyday learning experience.


text:
PAST ACCUSERS TO TESTIFY IN JACKSON CASE
NME Mar 29, 2005 11:19 am BST
Past allegations will be heard in the singer's trial…
Michael Jackson's defence team was dealt a major blow yesterday (March 28) when the judge in the singer's molestation trial ruled five previous child abuse allegations against the singer could be allowed as testimony.
Prosecutor District Attorney Tom Sneddon argued for the motion allowing him to call witnesses who alleged they, or their children, suffered sexual abuse at the hands of Michael Jackson over a decade ago. He also outlined plans to call witnesses who can testify that Michael Jackson engaged in molestation grooming patterns with several youngsters.
Michael Jackson's attorney Thomas Mesereau however argued that past accusers did so for financial gain, a motive he has suggested applies to current accuser, 15 year-old Gavin Arvizo and his family.
Judge Rodney Melville ruled in favour of the prosecution, telling the court, "I'm going to permit testimony with regard to sexual offences and alleged pattern of grooming activity by the defendant."
Sneddon now has the option of calling up to nine witnesses. The trial continues.


text:
Zapovednik Baikal-Lena (Russisch: Байкало-Ленский Государственный природный заповедник) is een strikt natuurreservaat, gelegen aan de westkust van het Baikalmeer in de oblast Irkoetsk van Rusland. Het reservaat omvat het zuidelijke deel van het Baikalgebergte en heeft een oppervlakte van 6.599,19 km². De oprichting als zapovednik vond plaats op 5 december 1986 per decreet (№ 497/1986) van de Raad van Ministers van de Russische SFSR. Bovendien maakt het gebied sinds 1996 deel uit van de UNESCO-Werelderfgoedinschrijving «Baikalmeer».

Kenmerken
Zapovednik Baikal-Lena is gelegen in de boreale boszone en ligt in het Baikalgebergte. Het reservaat bestaat voor 86,4% uit bos en het aandeel van naaldhout is hierin goed voor 60,9%. De bossen worden vooral gekarakteriseerd door de aanwezigheid van de Siberische lariks (Larix sibirica), Siberische zilverspar (Abies sibirica), grove den (Pinus sylvestris), Siberische den (Pinus sibirica) en Siberische spar (Picea sibirica). Zapovednik Baikal-Lena is bovendien het meest oostelijke punt waar de Siberische lariks wordt aangetroffen. Loofbomen worden vooral vertegenwoordigd door ruwe berk (Betula pendula), goudberk (Betula ermanii), zachte berk (Betula pubescens), esp (Populus tremula) en Mongoolse populier (Populus suaveolens). Naast bossen bestaat een deel van het gebied ook uit bergsteppe, bergtoendra en moerasachtige vegetatie.

De oostrand van het reservaat wordt gevormd door het Baikalmeer. Een belangrijk object aan deze zijde van het reservaat is Kaap Ryty. Ook ligt de oorsprong van de machtige rivier Lena in Zapovednik Baikal-Lena.

Fauna
Roofdieren in het gebied worden vooral vertegenwoordigd door bruine beer (Ursus arctos), sabelmarter (Martes zibellina), hermelijn (Mustela erminea), wezel (Mustela nivalis) en otter (Lutra lutra). Ook de veelvraat (Gulo gulo) komt relatief veel voor. Zeldzamer zijn de wolf (Canis lupus), vos (Vulpes vulpes) en Euraziatische lynx (Lynx lynx). Hertachtigen komen ook veel voor in Zapovednik Baikal-Lena. Zo worden hier vijf soorten aangetroffen; het eland (Alces alces), Siberische wapiti (Cervus canadensis sibiricus), Siberisch ree (Capreolus capreolus), rendier (Rangifer tarandus) en lokaal ook het Siberisch muskushert (Moschus moschiferus). Andere vermeldenswaardige zoogdieren zijn de noordelijke fluithaas (Ochotona hyperborea), kamtsjatkamarmot (Marmota camtschatica), Siberische grondeekhoorn (Tamias sibiricus), berkenmuis (Sicista betulina), gewone vliegende eekhoorn (Pteromys volans) en Daurische dwerghamster (Cricetulus barabensis).

De vogelwereld is ook zeer divers. Zo kan men in de hooglanden de bergheggenmus (Prunella montanella) en roze bergvink (Leucosticte arctoa) aantreffen. Normale verschijningen in de bossen zijn onder meer de bladkoning (Phylloscopus inornatus), Pallas' boszanger (Phylloscopus proregulus), grauwe fitis (Phylloscopus trochiloides), roodkeellijster (Turdus ruficollis), spiegelroodstaart (Phoenicurus auroreus) en Siberische boompieper (Anthus hodgsoni) en in struikgewassen langs rivieren leven o.a. de blauw-wit gekleurde blauwe nachtegaal (Larvivora cyane) en de roodmus (Carpodacus erythrinus).

Baikal-Lena
Irkoetsk
Natuurgebied in Siberië
Baikalmeer
Geografie van de oblast Irkoetsk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
import numpy as np
import cv2

def colorInsideR (imageName, coordinateLeft, coordinateRight, coordinateTop, coordinateB):
    #im = Image.open(imageName)
    #pix = im.load()

    img = cv2.imread(imageName)

    RArr = []
    GArr = []
    BArr = []
    for x in range(coordinateTop, coordinateB):
        for y in range(coordinateLeft, coordinateRight):
            RArr.append(img[x][y][0])
            GArr.append(img[x][y][1])
            BArr.append(img[x][y][2])

    #CombinedArry = [RArr, GArr, BArr]

    Rfinal = []
    Bfinal = []
    Gfinal = []

    for i in range(len(RArr)):
        if RArr[i] < 245:
            Rfinal.append(RArr[i])
    for i in range(len(GArr)):
        if GArr[i] < 245:
            Gfinal.append(GArr[i])
    for i in range(len(BArr)):
        if BArr[i] < 245:
            Bfinal.append(BArr[i])

    '''
    for i,j,k in itertools.izip(RArr[:], GArr[:], BArr[:]):
        if (i > 230 | j > 230 | k > 230):
            print i
            RArr.remove(i)
            GArr.remove(j)
            BArr.remove(k)
    '''

    Red = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y,Rfinal) / len(Rfinal)
    Green = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y,Gfinal) / len(Gfinal)
    Blue = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y,Bfinal) / len(Bfinal)

    ColorArr = [Red, Green, Blue]
    return ColorArr

def getRGB(imageName, coordinateLeft, coordinateRight, coordinateTop, coordinateB):
    RGB = colorInsideR('2rect.jpg', coordinateLeft, coordinateRight, coordinateTop, coordinateB)
    return RGB


text:
Angebote zu "Ramones" (2 Treffer)
Radio Vaults-Best of the Ramones Broadcast.Live - the Ramones
Titel: Radio Vaults-Best of the Ramones Broadcast.Live - the RamonesFormat: Audio CDTracks: Disc 1:1. Rockaway Beach 2. Teenage Lobotomy 3. Blitzkrieg Bop 4. I Remember You 5. Glad To See You Go 6. Gimme Gimme Shock Treatment 7. You re Gonna Kill Th
Fresh Air, Wendy Swallow and remembering Joey Ramone, Hörbuch, Digital, 1, 42min
Writer Wendy Swallow and remembering rock musician Joey Ramone, on this edition of Fresh Air. Swallow is a former staff writer for The Washington Post. She´s written a new memoir about divorce, Breaking Apart: Dreaming of Divorce. She writes about the slow unraveling of her 12-year marriage, and the impact on herself, her husband, and their two sons. (Broadcast Date: April 17, 2001) Ramone was the lead singer of the punk band the Ramones. He died on Sunday at the age of 49. He had lymphoma. From their start in 1974, the Ramones combined fast, deafening guitar with precise drumming to create a hurricane of sound. Their songs had titles like ´´Beat on the Brat,´´ ´´Gimme Gimme Shock Treatment´´ and ´´Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue.´´ (Original Broadcast Date: September 8, 1988) 1. Language: English. Narrator: Terry Gross. Audio sample: http://samples.audible.de/rt/whyy/010417/rt_whyy_010417_sample.mp3. Digital audiobook in aax.
Ramone
Vaults-Best


Child abuse is one of the fastest growing social problems in the United States. A social problem is, "a condition that a significant number of people believe to be a problem. A condition in which there is a sizable difference between the ideals of a society and its actual achievements" (Coleman et al. 2006:2). However, society has changed the way it views the issue, and is working towards finding a solution to this awful problem. Child abuse encompasses four main areas: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child abuse is considered a sociological phenomenon because it is a learned behavior. Learning the social patterns as to why people abuse will give a better understanding to its reasons, and also the development of society in the way that it views children. 3.6 million children were victims of abuse in the year 2006. Sixty four percent were victims of neglect, sixteen percent suffered from physical abuse, and eight percent were sexually abused. Also in 2006, 1,530 children died as a result of abuse; an average of four children everyday (Child Welfare Information Gateway 2008).
A study was done by David G. Gil, author of Violence Against Children: Physical Child Abuse in the United States and Journal of Marriage and Family, conducted a study about the types of child that was abused. His findings indicated that children of all ages are abused. He also found that abused children are more likely to come from single-parent homes or from large families. Income, occupation, and education are all factors that indicate the higher rates of abuse. Most children in his sample were abused by their mothers, and fewer than half the abused children in his sample were living with their biological fathers (Coleman et al. 2006: 39).
As the growing numbers of cases are seen in the area of child abuse, society must take more precautionary methods to increase awareness and willingness of victims to speak out, and be sure that the many support groups are available to them. "The child abuse dilemma is complicated by yet another disturbing question. How can a society that is healthy conscious enough to require air bags in automobiles, limits on advertising for cigarettes, and warnings about alcohol consumption during pregnancy be so ineffectual about the neglect, abuse, and murder of its children?" (Costin 1996:5).
There are often many different factors that lead to child abuse, which sometimes include more than the abusers state of mind, including their circumstances such as poverty, drugs, alcohol, and disability. However, the leading cause of child abuse is poverty. In a study done by the National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect, it was found that abuse is fourteen times more common in poor families whose income is under $15,000 (Bartholet 1999:4).
According to Califano (2001), another reason for child abuse is substance abuse.


text:
Q: iOS : Change the text for zxing scanning event which says "Place barcode in box to scan" There is a text which displays "Place bar code in box to scan" when camera is started to scan the QR code. I want to change that text to "Place bar code / QR code in box to scan." From where can I change that in iOS. I am using ZXing library for QR code scanner.

A: in ZXing folder try to find file Localizable.strings for .en locale, there is a bunch of strings you can update.

A: I got the text in Overlay.m file and edited these two lines (line no. 147 & 148)
char *text = "Place a QRcode inside the";
char *text2 = "viewfinder rectangle to scan it.";

A: Find the OverlayView.m in the imported ZXingWidget.project/Classes folder. In drawRect method, you will see the text "Place a barcode ...". Just change it to whatever you want.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Within the scope of interlocking concrete pavements, this site aims to empower you as a Landscape Architect educator with engaging and easily-digestible learning tools; to connect you with a plethora of online resources; to prepare you to introduce ICPs within studio projects; and finally, to allow you the opportunity to share your own ICP curriculum and student work.
We hope you will utilize all that is available on the site, comment on shared work, and contribute to what we hope becomes the go-to source for interlocking concrete pavement knowledge.
Landscape Performance: PaveShare recognizes the need within the landscape architecture profession to demonstrate the economic, environmental and social benefits of landscape designs and supporting systems. Communicating performance benefits is increasingly important, and the Landscape Architecture Foundation has developed an interactive set of resources to teach landscape performance.
For examples of (real) course syllabi, course descriptions, student deliverables and faculty reflections, visit the Landscape Performance Series' resources for educators here.
A set of interactive animations encourage students to explore and better understand key concepts of design and paver application, including stormwater and loading. These concepts are critical to the design of civic squares, streetscapes, plazas, paths and other spaces with which landscape architects work.
We've included a set of student projects that link and build on one another, starting with research and site analysis, moving to design abstractions and development, and finishing with implementation details and mock-ups. Educators may integrate any or all of these projects into existing studio coursework.
If you are in need of research resources such as a thesis, white paper, or published journal article, this is a helpful library filter leading you to all we have found. Have one you want to add, contribute it for others to read and use.
Sometimes videos are the best way to explain complex ideas or design fundamentals. Tap into this list of helpful videos from around the world explaining various facets of pavers.
Do you have information that needs to be added to our information directory? Contribute it! Our simple form will allow you to quickly and easily provide the site with additional information.


Mobiles are a traditional craft in Denmark, but the modern mobile was created in 1954 by Christian Flensted and his wife Grethe. Their first design, the Stork Mobile, was a great success, and now flies all around the world.
Christian Flensted became known as the "Uromager", a name impossible to translate into English, referring to a "maker of things mischievous and always on the move".
Today, their son Ole and his wife Aase continue the tradition.
With ideas for new and original mobiles, they regularly present designs from their "Department of Space Research". Flensted Mobiles are created in such a way that the elements are in constant motion while the entire mobile maintains a harmonic balance. Each mobile is carefully assembled and balanced by skillful hands. They are packed so that they are ready to be hung.


text:
Our differential value
AIRPORT LIFE CYCLE
¬ Aviation consultancy
¬ Airport planning & design
¬ Airport operation
¬ IT solutions
AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIAL CYCLE
¬ Industrial engineering
¬ Manufacturing engineering
¬ Planning, Production Control and Coverage
¬ Jigs & Tools
¬ Quality Services
¬ Test systems engineering
¬ Project & Programme Management
¬ Software Applications
AEROSPACE & DEFENCE SYSTEMS
¬ RPAS
¬ Guided systems
¬ Embedded systems
¬ Test systems and test benches
Interview with Barbara Yamamoto
AERTEC Solutions
Interview to Barbara Yamamoto, Chief Experience Officer (CXO), Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA)
"We want them to leave with a feeling that we live up to our vision and mission at LAX and we care about connecting people, places and cultures".
1.- After three years as Chief Experience Officer (CXO) for Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA), can you take stock of the work done by your department or the new actions implemented in order to improve passenger's experience?
In the last three years, we have made significant strides in transforming the LAX experience. We have integrated and embraced the guest experience in everything we do. Realizing there is no one silver bullet, we have taken a multi-pronged approach to enhancing the guest experience through physical, process and people improvements – and surprise and delight!
LAX is in the midst of a $17 billion modernization effort, including nearly two dozen projects with almost $3 million spent per day. In addition to the Midfield Satellite Concourse which will add an additional 12 gates to the Tom Bradley International Terminal, the centerpiece of LAX improvement is the Landside Access Modernization Program (LAMP) which will give airport guests choices that provide a first class, swift, convenient and reliable way to access LAX, featuring an Automated People Mover, consolidated rental car center, two Intermodal Transportation Facilities and a link to public transit. The LAMP will revolutionize the way people access and egress from the airport. Overall completion date is 2023.
In addition, following the completion of Terminals 2 and 6 in 2016, 2017 saw more great retail and dining transformations at LAX. Westfield partnered with LAX to redevelop more than 8,400 square feet of dining and retail space in Terminals 1, 3, 6 and the Tom Bradley International Terminal. Terminal 1 and Terminal 3 saw the biggest changes, with the introduction of guest favorites including Reilly's Irish Pub, Shake Shack, La Familia, Moshi, Soundstage and The Parlor. In total, 14 new restaurants and five new retail stores opened in 2017.
There are a number of projects that have been completed or are underway to create better efficiencies. For example, in conjunction with the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency (CBP), LAX deployed the first automated, paperless boarding solution using only the passenger's face; with the TSA, LAX piloted for the first time in the U.S. new AIT scanning and biometric e-gates at the security checkpoint; LAX has deployed 27 Automated Security Lanes, more than any other airport in the U.S; and LAX piloted a big data research tool that analyzed guest feedback utilizing Artificial Intelligence to assess Emotional Intelligence by looking for words and phrases that correlate with important guest experience metrics.
And what are the results of this research?
As the first airport to utilize this research, LAX listened to the voices of nearly 17,000 guests and has benefited from insights that defined root causes or offered evidence that led to root causes when supported by other internal metrics and research.
As part of its people improvements, LAX implemented an innovative iCARE training, mystery shopping and rewards program, using an innovative, holistic approach to change the culture of nearly 55,000 employees. LAX developed an ambitious program to provide training, mystery shopping and recognition airport-wide.
In the past, we viewed LAX as just a transportation hub to get people from A to B. But now instead of being just a transportation hub, we have adopted a hospitality mindset. It's not just about getting from A to B, but it's about your experience along the journey – and how you FEEL during that journey.
As part of that culture change, our passengers are no longer passengers or customers (which is more of a business transition). They are guests who are welcomed into our home and valued. Words are important because when we change the way we speak, we change the way we view people and we change the way we act.
In addition, LAX is listening to its employees and guests and using improved customer feedback tools to help make better decisions that will improve the guest experience.
Sometimes it's the little things that really add up to a memorable experience. To this end, LAX has been working hard to delight guests with unexpected, exceptional extras that help put the fun back into travel and to alleviate stress by creating a calming ambiance and enjoyable feeling that reflects an iconic city and lifestyle:
"LAX Presents" Performing Arts Program: In December 2016, LAX launched a performing arts program in partnership with Grand Performances, Los Angeles' premier presenter of free, outdoor summer performing arts programs. In addition to showcasing some of L.A.'s finest musical talent, LAX Presents enlivens the airport's public spaces and delivers distinctive cultural encounters to guests. The 2018 line-up includes 18 performances across nine months, including six classical performances, a DJ with dancers and a percussionist, a puppet show, and an Indian dance troupe.
Pets Unstressing Passengers (PUP): The LAX PUP program now features 89 therapy dogs ranging in age, size and breed, who, along with their handlers, continue to relieve stress and comfort passengers throughout the airport. PUPs are in full force throughout the year bringing smiles and delight to guests of all ages.
Technological innovations play an important role enhancing passenger experience at airports. In your opinion, what are the technology trends for the coming years?
We look to increase guest satisfaction and optimize the end-to-end journey with exceptional innovation and technology that improves efficiencies through increased throughput, decreased wait times, streamlined processes. To that end, we are in the development, RFP or advanced planning process for the following pilots and new solutions that will be deployed by the end of the year, reflecting industry technology trends:
LAX Digital Assistant Facebook Messenger chat bot pilot that will provide airport information and services, including a shopping and ordering solution (Digital Assistant functionality eventually will be integrated into all other digital channels as well)
Common, self-service bag drop in the Tom Bradley International Terminal
Unmanned Aircraft Management pilot using drones for perimeter security monitoring and inspections (runways, roads, assets, etc.)
Smart parking solution
New loyalty/customer engagement solution
Centralized data management and analytics Center of Excellence with enabling platform
The 'LAXceptional Xperience' programme is been carried out since 2015, based on a customer-centric vision. Can you tell us a little bit more of this initiative and the results obtained since its launch?
The LAXceptional Xperience is a commitment to improve the overall guest experience through physical, process and people improvements and more. This commitment is shared by Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, the Los Angeles Board of Airport Commissioners and Los Angeles World Airports CEO Deborah Flint who are fully invested in the guest experience and delivering a gold-standard airport.
Our vision for the future leads us to our commitment to our guests with a brand statement created by a cross-section of employees: At LAX, we strive to make our guest visits efficient, hospitable and memorable by providing modern, world-class facilities, services and innovation that showcase the ambiance and excitement of Los Angeles and the lifestyle and warmth of sunny Southern California.
It's all about an LAXceptional Xperience!
The goal is to align the entire airport community as if we all worked for one company. We want to create a feeling of ONE exceptional experience rather than a combination of multiple, disparate companies and agencies that just happen to work within the same footprint. This initiative reinforces the point that no matter who you work for or what you do, we are all part of the LAXceptional Xperience.
Results are impressive and we are pleased that we are on a path of continuous improvement. Our Airport Service Quality scores increased from 3.70 in 2016 to a 3.78 in 2017 on a five-point scale, which is a 2.1% increase. According to J.D. Power airport guest satisfaction surveys, LAX scores have risen from 670 in 2015 to 735 in 2018 on a 1,000-point scale which is a 9.7% increase. And in Skytrax ratings, since 2015, LAX has moved up 26 positions which is a 25% increase. LAX ranked 98th out of 100 best airports world-wide in 2015 and is now #72 in 2018. LAX is now the ninth best ranked airport in the U.S.
The training of the airport staff in charge of help guests to have an outstanding experience is very important for LAWA. What are the current programmes to engage and train airport employees to deliver exceptional service to the millions of diverse LAX guests?
We've put together a holistic approach to employee engagement. It is not just training in isolation. Training is supported by mystery shopping to ensure that what's learned in training is applied on the job. Mystery shop scores are supported by coaching and consultations to help teams improve their scores. And the coaching and consultations are supported by a rewards piece to reinforce what's learned in training and spotlight those employees who are exceptional examples of exceptional service. Underlying all of this is communications which is key to reinforcing positive behaviors and ensuring program adoption and sustainability. This holistic approach helps ensure that we get REAL outcomes with REAL impacts resulting in an engaged workforce that shares a common vision that is guest-centric.
The training focuses on "iCARE" behaviors to demonstrate that LAX employees care to be informative, courteous, approachable, responsive, efficient and effective.
In your words, "at the airport, we are the first and last impression of Los Angeles". What would you like travelers to remember after passing through LAX?
We would like them to remember the exceptional feeling they had at LAX whether that's attributed to our physical, process and/or people improvements. We want them to leave with a feeling that we live up to our vision and mission at LAX and we care about connecting people, places and cultures.
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Writing in space: Space pen 09/07/2019
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Ms. Yan is qualified as a lawyer and a patent attorney. Ms. Yan's original majors were Mechanical Engineering and Software Engineering, then she studied Intellectual Property Law in Renmin University of China's Law School, which laid a solid and profound foundation of her technical and legal knowledge.
Ms. Yan is proficient at understanding the technical contents of patent and technical materials. Ms. Yan specializes in administrative proceedings and intellectual property litigation, especially on trademark and patent-related issues, such as refusal appeals and invalidation claims. She has participated in various administrative procedures and litigations involving trademark and patent disputes with serious and efficient work.


text:
$[/myProject/preamble]

my $PROJECT_NAME = '$[/myProject/projectName]';
my $PLUGIN_NAME = '@PLUGIN_NAME@';
my $PLUGIN_KEY  = '@PLUGIN_KEY@';
use Data::Dumper;

$| = 1;

main();

sub main {
      my $wl = EC::WebLogic->new(
          project_name => $PROJECT_NAME,
          plugin_name  => $PLUGIN_NAME,
          plugin_key   => $PLUGIN_KEY
      );
      my $params = $wl->get_params_as_hashref(
          'configname',
          'ecp_weblogic_jms_module_name',
          'ecp_weblogic_subdeployment_name',
          'ecp_weblogic_update_action',
          'ecp_weblogic_subdeployment_target_list'
      );
      my $cred = $wl->get_credentials( $params->{configname} );
      if ( $cred->{java_home} ) {
          $wl->out( 1, "JAVA_HOME was provided" );
      }
      my $render_params = {
          username     => $cred->{user},
          password     => $cred->{password},
          weblogic_url => $cred->{weblogic_url},
      };
      $render_params = {%$params, %$render_params};
      my $template_path = '/myProject/jython/create_or_update_jms_module_subdeployment.jython';
      my $template = $wl->render_template_from_property( $template_path, $render_params );

      $wl->out( 10, "Generated script:\n", $template );
      my $res = $wl->execute_jython_script(
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          script_path    => $ENV{COMMANDER_WORKSPACE} . '/exec.jython',
          script_content => $template,
      );

      $wl->process_response($res);
      return;
}


text:
Bodø/Glimt's Brede Moe, Amahl Pellegrino injured, at risk for Thursday
Bodø/Glimt manager Kjetil Knutsen was a dealt a huge blow ahead of his team's second leg Conference League quarterfinals showdown against Roma.
First choice duo Brede Moe, central defender, and attacker Amahl Pellegrino both suffered injuries during the Norwegian side's 2-1 victory over Sandefjord.
According to VG.no, both players suffered knocks during the match and weren't able to carry on. The pair were substituted off and there's a strong possibility they'll miss out on Thursday's affair in the Italian capital.
In a bit irony, Pellegrino blamed the poor state of the pitch as to what could've caused the injury to he and his teammate. He also defended his coach for playing virtually the exact same team that beat Roma on Thursday.
"Why should we rest anyone? The league is the most important thing if he wanted to be in Europe," commented Pellegrino.
"I'm a footballer, I don't ever want to rest. I felt good but sometimes football can go this way. Though, it's difficult to play on a such a garbage pitch. There was not grass at all on my end of the pitch. It was virtually like asphalt."
Bodø/Glimt's head of the physiotherapy, Mike Brown, confirmed the defender and attacker will undergo scans on Monday to better understand the extent of their respective injuries.
Francesco Totti in awe of Dybala: "He's a phenomenon."
Salzburg's Nicolas Capaldo previews Roma Europa League match-up
Lille prepare bid for Eldor Shomurodov
Tiago Pinto on talks with Torino for Shomurodov: "No agreement."
Serie A 2022-23


The Lake District's biggest annual "spring clean" event – tidying up around the shores of Windermere and filling hundreds of bags of rubbish – is about to get even bigger this year taking in other lakes and rivers that feed into England's longest lake.
National Park Management Ranger Steve Tatlock is appealing for schools and community groups to get involved and help improve and care for the landscape and ensure the area looks its best for the onset of the peak holiday season.
The main day-long event takes place along Windermere on Saturday 21 May, but for a week before and a week after that date Steve wants volunteers to help him widen the clean-up as far as Ambleside, Grasmere, Rydal and the Langdales.
Mr Tatlock said: "We'll supply all the equipment, paperwork and logistical support for any group that wants to commit a little time and a lot of enthusiasm. It really is a fun opportunity to get out in the fresh air and feel that you're putting something back into this special community.
Anyone wanting to volunteer should get in touch with the national park contact centre on 01539 724555.


Cape Breton Highlands National Park is part of a nation-wide system of significant natural areas which are protected for public understanding, appreciation and enjoyment, while being maintained in an unimpaired state for future generations. Cape Breton Highlands National Park is currently preparing to hire an Ecological Field Assistant for the 2016 summer field season.
– e.g. biology, ecology, environmental science, forestry, geology, fisheries and wildlife – desirable) or one year post-secondary and suitable experience.
 Must be self-motivated and be able to work with minimal supervision.
 Knowledge of wilderness travel and navigation on land and water.
 Ability to use common word processor, spreadsheet and presentation software.
 Knowledge of Parks Canada mandate and policies as they relate to monitoring for ecological integrity, environmental assessment, invasive species and species at risk.
 Travel in a variety of wilderness settings, by vehicle, foot or boat; navigating by map, compass and GPS.
 Use of a range of ecological field equipment and instruments for measuring a variety of biological and abiotic parameters and spatially locating them.
 Data entry and compilation; basic data summary and analysis.
 May be required to supervise junior staff or volunteers.
 Must be a Canadian citizen.
 Must be willing to work outdoors, occasionally in inclement weather.
 Must possess a valid drivers license.
 Accommodation may not be provided.
 The position will last 14 to 16 weeks starting in May and finishing in August.
 Hours will average 37.5 hours per week.
 Pay will be at federal government student rates ($ 12.77 to 14.62 /hr depending on experience).
 a transcript of university marks.


text:
Interview —
Catalyst deep dive: The future of Mac software according to Apple and devs
The people already using Catalyst tell Ars what Mac users and devs should expect.
Samuel Axon - Jul 1, 2019 11:30 am UTC
Developers on their experiences so far
Apple brought in a handful of developers to build the first third-party apps using Catalyst. Their apps were shown at WWDC, and to get the fullest possible perspective, Ars spoke with developers behind three different apps that were part of Apple's Catalyst presentation. The developers we talked to successfully brought the iPad versions of Twitter, TripIt, and Asphalt 9: Legends to the Mac.
Twitter is returning to the Mac after a couple of years away. Twitter says Mac users are its "most engaged."
Let's see a few of the other new, third-party Catalyst apps. Here's American Airlines—a good example of an app with a very focused use case.
The benefit of native for popular agile project management software Jira is faster performance compared to the web app.
Morpholio is a design-focused shopping app. The mobile app has an AR element that obviously isn't part of the Mac version.
Language-learning software Rosetta Stone was brought to the Mac from the iPad via Catalyst.
Crew is a team communications app for shift workers.
Post-It is, well. You know.
Proloquo2Go is an assistive app for users with communication challenges.
Twitter discontinued support for its Mac app in 2016. While some third-party Twitter apps are still available for macOS, the company went on to treat the Web as the primary way for Mac owners to use the social media platform.
When detailing Catalyst on-stage at WWDC this year, Apple revealed that Twitter will return to the Mac. Twitter developers were invited by Apple to build a new native Mac Twitter app by bringing the well-supported iPad app over via Catalyst.
"We realized that we were unable to provide the same level of support to all of the Twitter clients, which ended up hurting some of them, including Twitter for Mac," Twitter engineer Nolan O'Brien told us of the initial decision to end support.
"What Project Catalyst specifically offers is the ability to use our existing codebase, meaning that we don't have to maintain separate code or a separate team to support Twitter for Mac," he went on to say.
O'Brien said it was relatively easy to get going with the new app: "The surprising thing that got us excited about Project Catalyst was how much of our existing iOS codebase was able to just work."
The transfer wasn't quite as simple as checking a checkbox in Xcode to deliver something that felt like a fully native Mac experience, though.
"Multiple-window support isn't simple, and it is different than windows with AppKit," he explained. "Beyond that, multiple windows means each window is running simultaneously and can break expectations on being confined to one presented view controller at a time; they also need to deal with resizing which can run up against assumptions we've made when building for an iPad."
"Not having any events for when the app is backgrounded or minimized" demanded some additional thought and work. "This affects things like database persistence, suspending active operations that don't need to be running and generally maintaining good hygiene for the app's lifetime," O'Brien said.
Finally, the deprecation of OpenGL was a pain point. "One of the challenges we faced was that we had many years of built up infrastructure and features using OpenGL: blurs, photo filters, graphical touches and flair," O'Brien said. "Since OpenGL was deprecated at WWDC last June, we focused this past year on deprecating it on our end as well."
The deprecation of OpenGL has created a few headaches for Apple developers, and we'll be going deep into that in another article in the future. Nevertheless, these challenges were minimal compared to trying to support the Mac without this easy crossover from the iPad. "This will elevate Twitter for Mac support to the same level as iPhone, iPad, and iPod," according to O'Brien.
You'd think porting a graphics-intensive 3D game like Asphalt 9: Legends would present significant additional hurdles. But that's not exactly how Gameloft Barcelona graphics engineer Alex Urbano and engine software engineer Manu Ruiz described it.
The state of iOS game development, according to the creators of Alto's Odyssey
"The process was fairly simple—open the current iOS project on the new Xcode, mark the new macOS target option, and compile," Ruiz said. "Obviously, it didn't work on the first try as some of our libraries were not supported on non-mobile devices—motion controls for example—and some third-party libraries weren't prepared for macOS and x86-64 platforms. That said, after refactoring some of the code, we managed to compile and run the entire Asphalt codebase in roughly 24 hours."
On the graphics side, Urbano told us:
It was pretty straightforward. We had to adapt some shaders precision to make them work properly at higher resolutions in high-end Macs and in order to improve performance even more. We changed slightly how Metal buffer management worked. This wasn't strictly necessary, but it allowed us to implement some effects not present in any other platform while preserving our 60fps target at native resolution.
We were curious about how laborious optimizing performance for the new platform would be with something this GPU-dependent. To that question, Urbano said:
Desktop and mobile GPUs are radically different, but generally speaking, any optimization done for the latter—avoiding overdraw, limiting blending objects as much as possible, optimizing geometry while keeping a close eye on the amount of drawcalls per frame—is going to help greatly on the new platform.
One could use the extra power of [the Mac] to cover the difference in resolution and to add extra effects. In the case of Asphalt 9: Legends, we enabled self-shadows for cars, temporal super sampling, higher-quality motion blur, and SSR.
In the end, porting to macOS using Catalyst was trivial enough since Asphalt 9: Legends is already built to handle big differences in resolution, aspect ratios, platform APIs in general, and device capabilities. This is one of the main advantages of developing your own tech, as it gives you the flexibility to quickly adapt to new platforms.
Ruiz added that one of the key challenges was actually UI-related. "Adapting your UI to work on bigger displays can be quite a challenge, and what works on mobile doesn't necessarily need to be done on desktop," he explained.
If you really want to get into the nitty-gritty, iOS developer Rich Shimano sent Ars an email with a detailed list of each step that was taken to bring travel planning app TripIt from the iPad to the Mac. Here's the whole thing:
1. Getting our current iPad app to build in Xcode, which required just a few iterations of identifying and then removing various dependencies on unsupported resources such as phone-call-specific frameworks or third-party iOS SDKs not yet built to support MacOS.
Click the "Checkbox," as described at WWDC, to enable Mac support from our existing iOS project, and let Xcode perform automatic linking of relevant frameworks and set up a unique bundle identifier for the new Mac app. This process of "flipping a switch and then excluding unneeded items" was much simpler and less error-prone than creating a new macOS target from scratch and pulling in all necessary frameworks and source files.
Remove and replace a few sprinklings of long-deprecated Apple frameworks and APIs, such as MessageUI and UIWebView, which are not supported by Catalyst.
Remove dependencies on unsupported mobile-specific frameworks.
Remove dependencies on unsupported third-party frameworks (for now) such as Crashlytics, Facebook sign-in, or Google Maps. (We hope that many of these will become available when iOS 13 officially launches.) Xcode's project-management user interface has been upgraded to allow easy inclusion/exclusion of frameworks, source files, and other resources in iOS+macOS, iOS-only, and macOS-only builds.
Wrap any remaining references to excluded resources in our source code with new UIKitForMac availability specifiers in Swift and Objective-C.
2. Running through all user flows and data-syncing scenarios, and shutting down unsupported or unavailable features.
Our mobile apps offer account sign ups through Google and Facebook, but since those are not yet supported, we simply disabled buttons providing those flows.
Likewise, we have an airport gate and terminal feature relying on a third-party framework to provide maps. We needed to disable UI elements that describe and trigger that feature, and we had to physically exclude code that pulls data from that feature.
Fortunately, all of our networking, keychain, and Core Data persistence code worked as expected without change, so not having to rewrite that code was a huge time savings.
3. Tailoring the UI to improve user efficiency in the Mac's multi-window point-and-click environment.
Modify the information architecture of our tab-bar-based mobile app to use the sidebar area for core in-app navigation.
Move action affordances from content areas into a global toolbar at the top of the screen.
Introduce some new split views to utilize screen space more efficiently and eliminate the need to navigate through a series of screens.
Leverage a new hover state in list views to indicate a selection affordance.
Introduce context menus and keyboard shortcuts, which will also be available to users with external keyboards on an iPad. This will also allow users with limited mobility to navigate screens and access actions with a switch device using a minimal number of gestures, which adds yet another dimension to our current efforts to make our apps universally accessible.
Catalog and provide access to all user actions from the main menu bar.
Pursue new avenues to leverage iPad drag and drop capabilities within the app thanks to new split views and multi-window use cases.
As for challenges, Shimano said the most significant were "old codebases relying on deprecated Apple frameworks and APIs and older versions of Swift," which "may need major rewrites with more current APIs." Also, "iPad apps that are not multitasking-friendly with flexible layouts may need major rewrites relying more on Auto Layout in order to render appropriately on desktop windows that will vary greatly in size and aspect ratio, even in a single user session."
Page: 1 2 3 4 Next →
Samuel Axon Based in Los Angeles, Samuel is the Senior Reviews Editor at Ars Technica, where he covers Apple products, display technology, internal PC hardware, and more. He is a reformed media executive who has been writing about technology for 10 years at Ars Technica, Engadget, Mashable, PC World, and many others.
Email samuel.axon@arstechnica.com // Twitter @SamuelAxon


text:
Abushaban L
Vel MT
Rathinasamy J
Sharma PN
chronological age
gestational age
left ventricular dimensions
preterm infants babies
Normal reference ranges for left ventricular dimensions in preterm infants
Lulu Abushaban1, Mariappa Thinakar Vel2, Jebaraj Rathinasamy2, Prem N Sharma3
1 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Chest Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Health; Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Chest Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
3 Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
To establish normal reference ranges for the left ventricular dimensions in preterm infants and their correlation with gestational age, body weight and chronological age.
In a prospective study, 268 preterm babies, who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion, were examined in Kuwait during the years (2008-2010). Echocardiograms were performed to measure the left ventricular dimensions on 0-6 day(s) of life and at weekly intervals until they reached 36 weeks. The gestational age was grouped into three: 24-27, 28-31 and 32-35 weeks, and body weight into five: ≤999, 1,000-1,499, 1,500-1,999, 2,000-2,499 and ≥2,500 grams. The overall group differences were compared for each period of life: 0-6 days, 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5 weeks.
The mean gestational age was 29.8 (± 2.38 SD) weeks, ranging between 24 and 35, and the mean body weight 1,479 (± 413 SD) grams, ranging between 588 and 3380. At the first scan (0-6 days of life), all the left ventricular measurements correlated well (P < 0.001) with body weight, and the same was observed with gestational age, except for left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole and end-diastole. A significant gradual increase was noticed in all the dimensions with body weight during each period of life. However, with respect to gestational age, an increase was observed in all the dimensions during first four weeks, but the rate of increase became less after 5 weeks of life. Overall, a progressive and significant increase in all left ventricle measurements was observed during the first nine weeks of life.
The left ventricular dimension measurements were found to have significant correlation with both gestational age and body weight. The study also provides reference data, which can be used as normal reference tool for left ventricular dimensions for preterm infants against the gestational age, body weight and chronological age.
Keywords: Body weight, chronological age, gestational age, left ventricular dimensions, preterm infants babies, reference ranges
Abushaban L, Vel MT, Rathinasamy J, Sharma PN. Normal reference ranges for left ventricular dimensions in preterm infants. Ann Pediatr Card 2014;7:180-6
Abushaban L, Vel MT, Rathinasamy J, Sharma PN. Normal reference ranges for left ventricular dimensions in preterm infants. Ann Pediatr Card [serial online] 2014 [cited 2020 Jan 23];7:180-6. Available from: http://www.annalspc.com/text.asp?2014/7/3/180/140832
Echocardiography as a primary mode of investigation to evaluate the anatomy and function of the heart has been practiced for the past 50 to 60 years, yet there are only few studies, which describe a normal premature neonate's heart. Preterm hearts differ significantly from a term neonate's heart and there is gradual transition to a mature neonate heart. The study was planned to evaluate the anatomic and physiologic characters of the premature baby's heart, and the changes that happen during the early postnatal period. An increasing number of preterm infants require at least one echocardiogram during the first month of life, and thus it is vital to have adequate reference values. The main objective of the study therefore, is to establish these normal reference values during the first nine weeks of life, and also aims to determine if these dimensions correlate with the variables, such as gestational age, body weight and chronological age.
In this prospective study, 400 premature babies under 36 weeks of gestation, admitted to the neonatal units between January 2008 and December 2010, were consecutively recruited and studied. The babies were from mixed population (majority were Arabic, remaining were from other Asian nations). From those, only 268 premature babies fulfilled the criteria for inclusion into the study. The inclusion criteria were:
Babies with normal hearts (babies with small patent foramen ovale or small patent ductus arteriosus were not excluded).
Healthy preterm baby with no evidence of sepsis, renal failure, etc.
Absence of other major congenital anomalies or syndromes.
Absence of gestational diabetes in the maternal history.
Preterm babies on low ventilator settings (low ventilator settings when baby did not need high frequency ventilation nor unusually high rate and pressures) or non-ventilated preterm babies.
The ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committees of both, The Ministry of Health, Kuwait and The Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University. The study was funded by a grant from Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS). The parents were informed that the baby will be enrolled in an observational study, and not in any therapeutic trial. A prior written consent was also obtained from the parents.
Before the study was undertaken, the pediatric cardiologist responsible for conducting the echocardiograms was trained and observed by two senior pediatric cardiologists through the pre-test echocardiograms for external validity and generalization. Interpersonal variability was evaluated, and once it was found that there was no significant variability in the readings, that doctor was assigned to conduct the study. Two different senior pediatric cardiologists for generalization also supervised these interpretations. This assigned cardiologist was not directly involved in the patient's care. Echocardiographic studies were obtained with Siemens Cypress scanner, using 7.5 MHz probe. Equipment used was standardized and certified by the Ministry of Health biomedical engineer.
Each baby was examined as follows: In supine position, the left ventricle was studied from cross-sectional, parasternal short axis view. Measurements were taken from the M-mode examination at the level of the mitral valve leaflets. All measurements were done following the American Society of Echocardiography recommendations [1] as adapted by Silverman [2] for premature babies - that is, end diastolic being taken as the point of maximum ventricular diameter rather than at the onset of the QRS complex, and end systole as the point of minimum ventricular diameter, as long as there was no dyskinesia of the ventricle. Measurements included inter-ventricular septum at end-systole and end diastole (IVSs, IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole and end-diastole (LVPWs, LVPWd), left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESd). Babies were examined within the first six days of life and at weekly intervals till they reached term (36 weeks).
The examinations were recorded on video and all the data were stored in Dicom format and analyzed at the end. All the interpretations were made by an assigned pediatric cardiologist who recorded the images and were observed by two different senior pediatric cardiologists. The interpreter was blinded to the age and sex and patient's previous/succeeding data at the time of image analysis. Standard parameters were measured by the interpreter and the calculated parameters were done by the computer software, which was part of the echo machine. In rare situations, when the readings recorded by the computer were inconsistent, we went back to the images, and it was re-measured; two pediatric cardiologists who were blinded to the serial values of that particular baby validated the measurement.
The data were analyzed using computer software 'Statistical Package for Social Sciences,' SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). The normal distribution assumption for cardiac dimension variables as well as for weight and gestational age were ascertained with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The descriptive statistics are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD), median, range and inter-quartile (IQ), as all the variables didn't meet the assumption of normality of data. Gestational age was grouped into three: 24-27, 28-31 and 32-35 weeks and body weight into five: Up to 1,000; 1,000-1,499; 1,500-1,999; 2,000-2,499; 2,500 grams and above. The left ventricular dimensions for group differences were compared for each period of life: 0-6 days, 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5 weeks using ANOVA or non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The Spearman's rho was applied to find if there was any correlation between the two variables. The two-tailed probability value 'P ' < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Among the 400 babies, a total of 268 preterm babies who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were studied and examined at weekly intervals till they reached 36 weeks, and in all 418 echocardiograms were conducted during the study period. The general characteristics of the babies have been presented in [Table 1]. There was a slight female predominance (M:F = 1:1.13) The mean gestational age was 29.8 (± 2.38 SD) weeks, ranging between 24 and 35, and the mean body weight 1,479 (± 413 SD) grams, ranging between 588 and 3,380.
Table1: General characteristics of the pre-term babies
At the first scan (0-6 days of life), all the left ventricular measurements correlated well with body weight (P < 0.001), while gestational age was found to have significant correlation (P <0.01), with IVSd, IVSs, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVIDs) only [Table 2].
Table 2: Correlation of cardiac dimensions with gestational age and body weight
In view of the overall spectrum relating to left ventricular dimensions in preterm babies, three different reference ranges have been presented. Reference ranges, with mean ± SD, range and IQ values for IVSd and IVSs, LVPWs and LVPWd, and LVIDd and LVIDs at various periods of life by gestational age and according to body weight have been presented in [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5], [Table 6], [Table 7], [Table 8], [Table 9], [Table 10]. An increase was noticed in the left ventricular dimensions with respect to gestational age, though not significant in all the dimensions, and differed for each period of life [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5], [Table 6]. All the left ventricular measurements showed a gradual significant increase (P < 0.001) with respect to body weight during each period of life [Table 7], [Table 8], [Table 9], [Table 10]. However, slight decrease was observed during the period of five weeks and more. Overall, a progressive and significant increase for most of the left ventricle measurements was observed during the first nine weeks of life. For example, if one wants to see the reference range for a baby with the particular gestational age, body weight for the specific chronological age, refer the self explanatory Tables 3-10 accordingly. These tables provide multiple options: Mean ± SD, range (minimum - maximum values) and IQ values. Each table provides explicit and in detail the values for different gestational age, body weight against the specific chronological age.
Table 3: Mean ± SD, (range) and inter quartile values of different cardiac dimensions at 0-6 days of life by gestational age
Table 4: Mean ± SD, (range) and inter quartile values of different cardiac dimensions at 1-2 weeks of life by gestational age
Table 6: Mean ± SD, (range) and inter quartile values of different cardiac dimensions at ≥5 weeks of life by gestational age
Table 7: Mean ± SD, (range) and inter quartile values of different cardiac dimensions at 0-6 days of life according to body weight
Table 8: Mean ± SD, (range) and inter quartile values of different cardiac dimensions at 1-2 weeks of life according to body weight
Table 10: Mean ± SD, (range) and inter quartile values of different cardiac dimensions at ≥5 weeks of life according to body weight
[Figure 1] demonstrates number of echocardiograms performed against body weight and gestational age. Some of the very premature babies became unfit after 1 or 2 echocardiograms and had to be excluded. A few babies were re-included as they recovered rapidly after a brief period of illness.
Figure 1: Number of echocardiograms for preterm babies by body weight and gestational age
Echocardiograms came into clinical use in the 1950s. As the technology improved and the resolution of the images has increased, it has become a reliable investigative tool for both adults and children. Normal reference ranges have been available for adults and children but there are few references produced for preterm babies. As more premature babies survive with the improvement of critical care, it has become necessary to establish the normal parameters for intra- and extra-cardiac structures of the premature heart. Unfortunately, there are no universally accepted normal values so far. Few studies in the literature involve premature baby's heart. Studies available include small numbers of very preterm infants and include measurements done over a wide age range.
Our aim was to establish these normal values by involving a large number of healthy premature babies. We excluded sick preterm babies and those with major congenital anomalies either cardiac or non-cardiac. In 1973, Solinger et al. [3] published a series of measurements that included preterm infants; all babies were above 2,500 grams in weight. Lange et al. [4] in 1983 produced a comparative review of normal echocardiographic values from the premature infant to the adolescent. This study reported a linear relationship between LVED dimension and weight in a group of 105 newborn infants with a body weight of 500-4,000 grams. Walther et al. [5] in 1986 produced echocardiographic measurements in normal preterm and term neonates. Infants were studied between birth and 5 days of age. This study found that the left ventricular dimensions increased gradually with increasing birth weight. Values were given for birth weight but not gestation. Baylen et al. [6] in 1977 found a correlation between weight and LVEDd and LVESd but did not look at a possible correlation with gestational age.
Correlation of the measurements with gestation has not been done previously. A recently published study by Skelton et al. [7] in 1998 showed a good correlation of cardiac dimensions with birth weight and gestational age in preterm infants under 34 weeks of gestation and with birth weight ranging between 580 and 2380 grams. More recently, Zecca et al. [8] in 2001 studied 35 preterm infants with gestational age 25-29 weeks and birth weight 750-1,249 grams during the first month of life. Left ventricular dimensions were measured on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of life. This study found a progressive and significant increase of all the left ventricle measurements during the first month of life. All measurements were correlated with birth weight but not with gestational age or gender. This study failed to find a significant correlation between the baseline left ventricle dimensions and gestational age.
Our study involved 268 premature babies (the largest in number so far). All babies were healthy and any baby who became sick during the study was excluded. This study reports serial measurements of left ventricular dimensions during the first nine weeks of life in a selected population of preterm infants with a body weight of 588-3,380 grams and gestational age between 24-35 weeks. Measurements of most of the left ventricular dimensions showed a significant correlation with gestational age and body weight. There was a progressive and significant increase in left ventricular dimensions over time. This has been well shown in term and older infants by Oberhansli et al. [9]
In our study, data were collected from a large number of preterm babies, which gives accurate references. We hope that these data will be accepted by neonatal units as normal reference ranges of preterm left ventricular dimensions. These data will be useful as a ready reference for the pediatric cardiologists, who routinely do echocardiograms in preterm babies. These self-explanatory tables will provide the normal reference ranges of left ventricular dimensions for gestational age, body weight against the chronological age, in multiple options as mean ± SD, range and IQs. IQ range is the difference between the first quartile (25 th percentile) and the third quartile (75 th percentile) of an ordered range of data. It contains the mid 50 percent of the distribution and is unaffected by extreme values. The main limitation of our study was that the computer software used for analyzing the echocardiograms did not have the provision to provide the Z scores. However, this would have been desirable to have those scores, and hope to include these values in our future studies.
There is a significant correlation with both gestation and body weight for most of the left ventricular dimension measurements. A progressive and significant increase for most of the left ventricle measurements was observed during the first nine weeks of life. The values presented can be used as normal reference tool for left ventricular dimensions for preterm infants against the body weight, gestational age and chronological age.
1. Henry WL, Demaria A, Gramiak R, King DL, Kisslo JA, Popp RL, et al. Report of the American society of Echocardiography committee on nomenclature and standards in two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation 1980;62:212-7.
2. Silverman N. Quantitative methods to enhance morphological information using M-mode Doppler and cross sectional ultrasound. In: Silverman N, editor. Paediatric echocardiography. 1 st Edition, Volume 1. London: Williams and Wilkins 1993; p. 35-6.
3. Solinger R, Elbi F, Minhas K. Echocardiography in the normal neonate. Circulation 1973;47:108-18.
4. Lange L, Fabecic-Sabadi V, Bein G. Comparative review of normal echocardiographic values from the premature infant to the adolescent. Herz 1983;8:105-21.
5. Walther FJ, Siassi B, King J, Wu T. Echocardiographic measurements in normal preterm and term neonates. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986;75:563-8.
6. Baylen B, Mayer RA, Korfhagen J, Benzing G 3rd, Bubb ME, Kaplan S. Left ventricular performance in the critically ill premature infant with patent ductusarteriosus and pulmonary disease. Circulation 1977;55:182-8.
7. Skelton R, Gill AB, Parsons JM. Reference ranges for cardiac dimensions and blood flow velosity in preterm infants. Heart 1998;80:281-5.
8. Zecca E, Ramagnoli C, Vento G, De Carlos MP, De Rosa G, Tortorolo G. Left ventricle dimensions in preterm infants during the first month of life. Eur J Pediatr 2001;160:227-30.
9. Oberhansli I, Brandon G, Lacourt G, Friedli B. Growth patterns of cardiac structures and changes in systolic time intervals in the newborn and infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 1980;47:239-47.
Lulu Abushaban
Consultant Pediatric Cardiologist, Chest Diseases Hospital, Kuwait University, Kuwait
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5], [Table 6], [Table 7], [Table 8], [Table 9], [Table 10]
1 Normal Reference Ranges for Cardiac Valve Annulus in Preterm Infants
Lulu Abushaban,Mariappa Thinakar Vel,Jebaraj Rathinasamy,Prem N. Sharma
Pediatric Cardiology. 2016; 37(1): 112


EU Law: Does European Law Override National Law?
Does European Law Override National Law?
Is this anything new? No.
The principle of European law overriding national law has actually been around since 1963, when it was decided that European law could not be applied in different ways in the Member States, without fundamentally undermining any chance of acheiving the Treaty objectives.
Treaty objectives are agreed by the member governments when a new Treaty is being drafted. The EU can only propose new laws to fulfill the completion of those Treaty objectives, and should not come out with measures outside of that framework.
Basically, the governments agree a 10 year plan, which is then put into Treaty form. They then tell the Commission to implement these policies by coming out with legislative proposals to fulfill the agreed Treaty objectives. Once a law has been passed, the different countries agree to implement it, and allow it to override national law.
Does the UK accept this principle?
Yes, and it has done since 1972, when Parliament passed the European Communities Act. Since then, if there has been a conflict between national law and European law, the UK courts have to give priority to European law.
What happens if they don´t?
If you join the EU, then part of that package means you are fundamentally obliged to take all appropriate measures, whether general or particular, to ensure fulfillment of the obligations arising out of a Treaty.
Equally, member states are fundamentally obliged to implement any laws agreed in Brussels, which means that it is up to governments and businesses to get the best deal they can when new acts are proposed by the Commission.
Finally, any government must abstain from doing anything which could jeopardize the completion of the agreed Treaty objectives.
To finish up, and just to show you that nothing actually changes in politics, here is a quote made by Lord Denning in 1979.
"If the time should come when Parliament deliberately passes an Act with the intention of repudiating the Treaty, or any provision in it, or intentionally of acting inconsistently with it and says so in express terms then I should have thought that it would be the duty of our courts to follow the statute of our Parliament. I do not however envisage any such situation… Unless there is such an intentional and express repudiation of the Treaty, it is our duty to give priority to the Treaty."
The adoption by Parliament of a law repudiating a Treaty would, of course, put the UK in breach of its fundamental obligations under European law.


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Photo courtesy of The Glenbow Museum, Yousuf Karsh's ability to capture the essence of his subjects, such as Audrey Hepburn, created many iconic images.
Beginning April 2, Calgarians will have an opportunity to celebrate the life and work of Yousuf Karsh, one of the greatest Canadian portraitists in history, at the Glenbow Museum. While Karsh exhibitions have been numerous since his death in 2004, this one will be special, says the curator.
If you're unfamiliar with the name, you're certain to have seen his work. One such work is a famous portrait of Winston Churchill with a hand on his hip and a scowl on his face, taken in 1941. That arresting and iconic photo became the representative image of the man and Second World War-era attitudes.
"(The exhibition) features 100 prints from a collection of 200 that Karsh put aside himself as his favourites, developed by him personally. This is the first time they have all been seen together," says Glenbow curator Colleen Sharpe.
After training under the patient guidance and criticism of his uncle, Karsh continued on to apprentice under John H. Garo in Boston, where he further nurtured and expanded his remarkable talent for portraiture. He opened a studio in Ottawa in 1931 and, after establishing himself, he was granted the honour of photographing Winston Churchill. The rest, as they say, is history.
Over the course of his 93 years, Karsh staged over 15,000 sittings and captured the essence of some of the greatest and most memorable men and women who lived in the 20th century. With subjects ranging from Audrey Hepburn to Fidel Castro, Ernest Hemingway to Albert Einstein, Karsh's work has left an indelible imprint on our collective image of historic icons.
"There is a certain intimacy to his work," says Sharpe.
Sharpe has opted to enhance that intimacy by including in the exhibit Karsh's personal anecdotes and commentaries on individual sittings and subjects, which range from wry humour to emotive and stirring.Images of Karsh's photography of the Calgary Stampede from a 1954 article in Maclean's will serve to create an even more accessible connection between visitors and the photographer.
Don't miss the opportunity to see great politicians, actors, writers, artists and other people of importance from 1936-1990 visible from the wholly expository but undeniably dignified lens of Yousuf Karsh.


"The truth is- everyone is going to hurt you. You just got to find the ones worth suffering for". He smiled as the tune played over in his head as he lay peacefully, counting each breath as it flowed by. Two pills for a high, three for sleeping, four to get knocked out. He was trying to remember how many he took, to calculate if he could die in peace. After all, wasn't that what he had always wanted from life?
For the past months, his life had been a dream. A hazy mashed set of overlapped ecstasies. He didn't want the dream to end, but could see himself drifting slowly towards reality, and that frightened him. He never liked living in the real world, it was decaying, continually dying. Day by day, minute by minute. He could feel his life being sucked out if he ventured out, he had to wear a mask. For years, he had trained himself to ignore the noises, he had created a separate world for himself in which he could peacefully try to live. He opened it for her when she came into his life, let his defenses down, let his heart melt. But you can't be the same after it happens as you were before. You have to start from the scratch. That frightened him beyond measure. The pills were just to help him sleep. But what if he never wanted to get up from it?
They say that your life flashes by in front of your eyes just before you die. He couldn't be sure why it wasn't happening for him – for all he could remember in these moments was her. Her smile, their kiss. The way she looked at him when he said something stupid. The way she laughed when he tickled her tummy, going red at the same time. Her body, the perfectly rounded breasts, and how their hearts could beat as one when they were together. And it broke his heart to leave her behind, to make her face this- but she had fallen in love before, and she will again. He may not have been her first, her last, or her only – but if he was hers for now, what else mattered? A child in the body of a man, with the maturity of a five year old – he felt the world was a better place without his eccentricities. He had been good to her, but it frightened him beyond measure what could be when he starts to go crazy? He was afraid to hurt, for she saw just the good in him, and it killed him. He felt she would see his reasoning in this too. He was confident she would understand.
Of silent glances and suppressed smiles. Of expressed desires and wuthering heights. His book would be published in the next couple of months, his publisher had ensured him that. He had achieved almost everything he had set out for, he couldn't take the pain of going the downward spiral again.
Of empty spaces and distant cries. Of paperback dreams and funeral pyre. He could see her rushing in with hands across her face, he could hear her scream. He smiled the widest he could conjure but she wouldn't stop. She kept slapping to get him to wake up and he wanted to tell her it's alright, and implore her to not cry tonight.
He just needed a kiss before he could say goodbye.
Wouldn't everything that could have been….cease to be too?
Don't You kill a probability with this too?
Am on a philosophical high today…..and add to that, this!
That's very true, I agree with what you have said here. He is an escapist, and he kills off the probability of what could have been with this.
this is cool !The truth is- everyone is going to hurt you. You just got to find the ones worth suffering for is very true !


text:
Article 1585
----
Lorsque des marchandises ne sont pas vendues en bloc, mais au poids, au compte
ou à la mesure, la vente n'est point parfaite, en ce sens que les choses vendues
sont aux risques du vendeur jusqu'à ce qu'elles soient pesées, comptées ou
mesurées ; mais l'acheteur peut en demander ou la délivrance ou des dommages-
intérêts, s'il y a lieu, en cas d'inexécution de l'engagement.


Novelist. Playwright. Journalist. Director. Screenwriter. Producer. It might be easier to list all the things that Nora Ephron had not done as the list above is nowhere near complete. Nora had a way of writing about people and relationships that was deep and humorous, touching and laugh-inducing.
A New York Times book reviewer once wrote, "She's like Benjamin Franklin or Shakespeare: her words are now part of the fabric of the English language." So when I was looking for my first Quotable Nerdy Chick, I was immediately drawn to Nora.
Learn more about Nora HERE, or read some of her work HERE.
This entry was posted in The Quotable Nerdy Chick and tagged American women, brainy, brainy women quotes, famous american women, famous quotes, famous women quotes, nora ephron, quote, quotes from smart women.
← What happens in high school, stays in high school…thank goodness!


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Solicitor candidates debate at White Plains
By Stan Welch
The three candidates for Solicitor of the Tenth Judicial Circuit met at the White Plains Community Building Thursday evening for a debate. While the crowd was considerably smaller than the one that attended the Sheriff's debate last month, the debate was just as lively as the earlier one.
Wilson Burr, who resigned as chief public defender to run for the office, wasted little time in firing a salvo at the other two candidates, Rame Campbell and David Wagner, both of whom serve as deputy solicitors under Chrissy Adams. Burr drew that distinction clearly, as he persistently raised issues that he has with the current administration.
He challenged Wagner's claims that he has prosecuted more cases than anyone in the 10th Circuit, citing a ten year record which Burr claimed showed that Wagner had tried only 23 cases in the last ten years. Wagner denied that, saying that Burr was cherry picking the cases he had tried.
"I have prosecuted more than twenty thousand cases in my twenty five years in the solicitor's office. I have tried cases that other lawyers wouldn't touch. I don't keep track of my conviction rate because it is such an inaccurate measure. But no one has taken more cases to trial than I have."
Wagner was originally hired by former solicitor George Ducworth and spent his first thirteen years in the Anderson Office, before moving to the Oconee county office for the last twelve years. Both Campbell and Burr tried to portray Wagner as more of an office manager than an adjudicator. Wagner himself referred to his role in the Oconee office as being largely administrative, but declared his record of and willingness to take cases to trial.
Wagner also faced an allied attack for the Solictor's role in recent controversial cases, most of which have occurred in Oconee county. The shooting death of a young man named Zach Hammond by Oconee law enforcement officers has been a source of controversy. Both Burr and Campbell emphatically claimed that it should have been handled in a different circuit, due to the conflict of interest, or at least the public perception of same.
"This case absolutely should have been conflicted out to another venue," said Burr. "In addition to that, this conclusion was worked out between two lawyers behind closed doors, when it should have been done in the sunlight, so the public could be aware of the process." Campbell was less strident about the issue but stated that it clearly was mishandled and should have been sent to another jurisdiction.
Wagner agreed, saying that he repeatedly advised Adams to turn the matter over to the attorney general. "I even rode to Columbia with her to meet with them. They seemed less than eager to get involved, and in the end, Solicitor Adams made the call to handle the case here. That is her call to make. I disagreed. In fact, I would lobby the legislature to enact a law that mandates that such cases be handed off to the attorney general's office."
For all their differences, all three candidates shared certain positions. All agreed that communication and cooperation with law enforcement is critical to more cases being tried and won. All three categorically supported the use of the death penalty, with Wagner going so far as to say that it should be restored for certain crimes besides murder. "Child molesters, for example, are virtually impossible to rehabilitate. If you put a child molester in jail for a number of years, you still release a child molester when their time is up."
All three agreed that more cases could and should be tried, with Burr also arguing that far too much court time is wasted. "If the first case of the day falls apart or gets sidetracked, my assistants will have something else to bring to the court. They won't be caught flatfooted and have to go back to the office. If they do, they'll be fired when they get there."
Asked what their most important duty would be, both Burr and Campbell mentioned restoring the public confidence in the solicitor's office. Both mentioned the current administration's perceived preference for plea bargains and cutting deals. Burr stated that he had repeatedly seen indictments for more serious charges literally torn up, and lesser charges brought instead. Wagner's denial of that was lukewarm, and was received as such.
Wagner touted both his administration of the solicitor's office as well as his record in court, but Burr continued to attack both those aspects. Campbell and Burr both stressed the need to pursue cases against career or habitual criminals more aggressively. "There is something wrong when a meth dealer is arrested and by the time the citizens who complained get home, the dealer is back working over the stove, cooking up a new batch."
Campbell and Burr both stressed that victims should be treated with dignity and should be kept informed of the progress on their case. Wagner agreed and defended his office in regards to those issues.
There is no Democratic opposition in the general election, so the Republican winner of the June 7 primary will assume the office of Solicitor in January.
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