Explain your thoughts about the problem and the steps you've taken so far. Provide those who help with as much information as possible. Demonstrate that you have already put in some thought and effort into solving the problem.
We use automoderator for a few things. It may delete a post erroneously. If your post is missing and you're sure it's not a rule-breaker, send us a note and we'll look into the issue. Flash cards are helpful also. I agree with several of the previous posts. Vocabulary is vital, pictures are useful, and modeling and practice are a necessity.
The last few years I have been using the "TIPS" strategy with my students, and have found it to be quite helpful as well. If you are unfamiliar with "TIPS", is is a constructed response strategy that analyzes word problems to identify Thought which operation is called for , Information numbers to be used , Plan the combination of the first two pieces to form an equation , and Solution in sentence form.
This strategy involves quite a bit of teacher modeling and whole group practice initially, but after a few months the students generally have it down pretty well. What really sold me is the fact that I have seen a definite improvement on the problem solving portion of standardized tests since I have started using "TIPS" in my classroom.
I agree with the above post regarding Math as a language. Since the calculator revolution, I find students have a more difficult time visualizing and therefore using the language of mathematics. Story problems are an attempt to bridge that gap and force them to visualize the math they are working with, but 1 we don't really try to teach them how to reason through such problems, and 2 students are just looking for the right answer, not the correct route to get there.
I think we should require them to generate a graphic that illustrates the math from each problem. That is, in addition to just showing their work, they should be able to translate the problem into a visual aid that shows they know the language. I think the majority of us can sympathise with 10 and the dying a horrible math death!
I agree with a number of editors who stress the need to use practical real life examples in math problems and questions. I also agree that creating flashcards or a crib sheet of how mathematical signs and symbols are translated can be really useful. Clearly though what is needed is lots of practice of questions that are carefully modelled by the teacher first and then given over for the students to complete which are carefully reviewed.
All of the above posters are correct. There is one more thing to try, which isn't a specific technique, but more of an incentive. I try to use word problems that they will actually use in their lives, and I tell them I do not want them cheated out of their money. If they don't know how to figure out how much of something they will need, and how to figure out how much they should be charged, they may very well be cheated. I agree with post 2.
I always had trouble with word problems, though my reading scores were through the roof. It was a panic-stricken young me who attempted a reading problem test. It was very difficult to see the language in terms of the abstract math issue, and then to have to set up the equation? Of course, as I have gotten older and more sure of myself, the difficulty has lessened, but as an adolescent, I felt that I would die a horrible math death. That is exactly what I proposed in my project.
One of the reasons was languages issues, but not inly for special needs but also for non-english speakers. In this case awe could use help from the ESL teacher to incorporate math vocabulary in her class.
Something I left out of my earlier post on this topic--draw pictures! If they are trying to "buy" carpet for an irregularly shaped area, draw it! I never would have made it through Physics without drawing pictures of what the problems were about Most of the students I have helped with Math have also been really low readers.
I think that some of them are so intimidated by the fact that not only do they have to figure out how to do the math they also have to deal with reading and comprehending, which is something they cannot do very well to begin with. I think the best way to teach word problems really depends on the learning style of the student. One student may learn word problems very easily when taught one way, while another may be totally confused.
The key is really finding out how to make the word problem relevant to the individual student. I am a Reading and Math tutor and word problems are one of the largest challenges that my students face.
The number one reason students can struggle with word problems can be an underlying reading skill deficiency. If the student cannot read fluently and then express comprehension of the information presented and the initial problem to be solved, they will struggle longer than those that have issues with computation.
Many of my older students find it hard to relate to the story part of the problem. When I am working with my students, I try to find something that they find interesting I. Superheroes, movie stars, book characters and try to restate the problem using those items. A problem about the yield of crops on a farm, may become a problem about how many bad guys Captain America defeated in his last battle. Another issue can be that the student can get overwhelmed by the complexity of the problem.
Many students try to rush their work and miss valuable steps of the process. If we help the student to break the problem down into small manageable steps it becomes doable. Having the students talk through each step as they complete it can also help us to follow their logic and make quick corrections as necessary. I always try to remember that each student has a unique leaning style that we as teachers must decode to find the best strategies possible. Seeing the words side by side with the symbols can help increase memory and sight recall.
I am of opinion that the word problems can be given by using day to day materials that are known to them. Say for examble, There are sixty five coupons in a box. How many coupons will be available in the box. Bob's age is two years older, which is 5. Introduction How to work word problems Interpreting phrases like "twice as much", "Janie's age 3 years from now", etc Read this lesson on translating English to Algebreze Identifying variables amidst verbiage What to do with unit labels feet, hours etc.
Time and Travel Travel Related Problems Trains and other objects moving towards each other or in the same direction; meeting, catching up Going and coming back Going against and with wind and current 3. Mixtures Mixing Mixtures Problems related to mixing mixtures of various concentrations. Quadratics Learn to solve them Areas Learn to not use bad roots 5. Linear Problems Problems reducible to linear equations 2 apples and 3 oranges cost , 1 apple and 2 oranges cost.
Age Problems Typical age-related problems Combined age Relation of ages now and some time ago 7. Finance Problems Typical finance-related problems Interest income Total amounts and partial investments 8. Geometry Problems Triangles, rectangles, spheres etc 9. Write me and tell me what exactly is the word problem that you'd like to have solved.
Over Algebra Word Problems at edhelper. Introduction How to work word problems. Interpreting phrases like "twice as much", "Janie's age 3 years from now", etc Read this lesson on translating English to Algebreze Identifying variables amidst verbiage What to do with unit labels feet, hours etc.
Aug 25, · Homework Help, Math Word Problems? This is my math homework. A little help would really really be appreciated. Thank you so much!:) 1. Find three consecutive numbers whose sum is 2. The unit's digit of a two-digit number is 4 less than it's ten's digit. Find the number if it is less than 8 times the sum of it's digit. ru-apsnynews.tk: Resolved. Can you solve the following word problems? Read the questions carefully then choose the right answer from the list. When you have finished, check your answers by clicking the "Finished" button at the bottom.


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Smoke gradually dissipated as the last Battle Stage put a closure to that intense battle.
Naturally, the outcome was certainly beyond everyone's expectations, since no one expected Wu Ling to lose. After all, amongst the eight Captains, in terms of fame, Wu Ling ranked third. But even so, he was still defeated, the cruel reality made many people inwardly sigh. The Great Spiritual Academy Tournament this time truly was too intense.
Every student of the Martial Spiritual Academy looked at one another as they felt a little depressed. The defeat of Wu Ling had a huge impact on their morale.
However, they all knew that Wu Ling was not to blame as he had already performed very well. After all, he even used the power of the Divine War Ape in the end, but who could have expected Xue Tianhe to have such similar powerful trump card hidden as well?
Looks like Wu Ling's defeat made this Wu Tianwang a little unhappy.
When the four other Deans by the side heard his words, they knew that he was unhappy. Thus, they kept their silence, since it was impossible for them to do something like removing the qualifications of Xue Tianhe. If they did, the Blood God Clan would definitely not let this matter rest so easily.
"Cough, since the Battle of the Best 8 has concluded, let's announce the next match." Dean Tiansheng of the Saint Spiritual Academy dryly coughed as he spoke with a faint laugh.
Although the strength displayed by Xue Tianhe truly was powerful, he had absolute confidence in Ji Xuan. Thus, he believed that their Saint Spiritual Academy could get the best results in this Great Spiritual Academy Tournament.
The four Deans nodded at his words.
Along with Dean Tiansheng's robust voice resounding, a brilliant pillar of light descends from the sky, enveloping Ji Xuan and his team under the countless gazes.
Another pillar of light fell as Mu Chen's team of five quietly remained as the light shone onto their bodies, causing a light arc to appear on their bodies as the amount trembling and ocean-rolling cheers resounded. Amongst those cheers, the cheers from the students of the Northern Heavens Spiritual Academy were the craziest.
Another pillar of light descended, Wen Qingxuan's left hand was tightly gripping her golden war spear with her hair draped down. Her right hand was on her slim waist, while the golden armour covered her voluptuous figure and wonderful curves. Her charming face had the similar pride of a phoenix and as her phoenix-like eyes moved, she emitted a startling charm.
Behind her, Pin'er, Le'er and the other two girls were all gorgeous flowers, attracting countless amounts of attention.
The last pillar of light descended on the head of Xue Tianhe and his team with him standing at the front. He tugged both of his arms against his chest as he maintained a calm expression, except his cold gaze, which was constantly locked on Mu Chen.
The four pillars of light became the most focused of the entire heavens and earth. The four teams were undisputedly the strongest and no one would deny this point.
They had undergone half a year of the Elimination Round and in the Final Battle, they defeated opponents that were similarly powerful to stand in the position that they were in right now, receiving the earth-shattering cheers and admiring gazes.
Whispers that filled the air burst out. The strength of the four teams was simply too powerful and without going through the final battle, no one was able to predict who would win.
As the heavens and earth were filled with the mountain-trembling and ocean-rolling cheers, the four teams stood on the four respective Battle Stages quietly as they welcomed countless heated gazes. Their expressions, however, were calm, without any ripples in their hearts.
Any of the teams that could come this far were the strongest amongst all the Spiritual Academies. Thus, their hearts were also the hardest to be shaken.
"I wonder how the next battle will be conduct." Shen Cangsheng looked at the three other teams as he spoke with a heavy expression. Every single one of those three teams was extremely powerful and any single one of them would probably be a tough battle for them.
"No matter who our next opponent is, we just have to do our best." Mu Chen said with a faint smile.
"Since we have you and Luo Li, our burden will be easier." Li Xuantong said with a smile as their team had two hearts, Mu Chen and Luo Li.
The two of them, one in the light, while the other stayed in the shadows. Perhaps many people were unaware, but this girl that had not shown any ability was actually a powerful figure that wasn't inferior to the four other Captains.
When Mu Chen heard his comment, he couldn't help staring at his team and just when he was about to speak, he suddenly felt something and he raised his head with his eyes narrowed.
At the same time, Luo Li, Ji Xuan, Wen Qingxuan and Xue Tianhe had also realised it as they raised their heads as well.
Their line-of-sights were directed at the horizon and up in the horizon, space suddenly started to violently distort as a colossal object that was roughly a few thousand meters in size exited from the distorted space.
When everyone saw that colossal object that broke out from the space, they couldn't refrain from sucking in a mouthful of air.
It was a bronze mirror that was roughly a few thousand meters. The rim of the bronze mirror was filled with extremely profound runes, ancient and obscure. The surface of the mirror was dark ash-grey as if it was covered in dust and could not be seen.
The instant the bronze mirror appeared, the space in this region showed signs of disorder, as if an incredibly powerful object that it could not withstand had appeared.
The bronze mirror quietly hovered in the sky. The surface of the mirror that was covered in dust gave off a feeling as if it could reflect anything that was in the Great Thousand World.
Shock was revealed in Mu Chen's eyes as he felt that the Great Meru Demonic Pillar within his body have fine trembles. Furthermore, he was even more stunned when there were slight ripples from the "Immortal Page".
Sword lights also uncontrollably surged out of Luo Li's hand as a sword cry rang out as if it was trying to struggle free from her hand to compete with the mysterious bronze mirror.
Hearing this name, everyone felt startled and even Mu Chen's gaze was complicated. Generally speaking, the Mirror of Judgement more or less had something to do with the fact that he could enter the Spiritual Road and meet Luo Li, since the Mirror of Judgement that was before him selected the people that were qualified for the Spiritual Road.
"What rank of Divine Artifact is it?" Mu Chen looked at Luo Li as he asked with a soft voice.
"Probably above High Rank." Luo Li said after a brief ponder.
Mu Chen inhaled a mouthful of air again. Above High-Rank Divine Artifact? Probably only those ancient clans with powerful foundations could possess such a powerful Divine Artifact, he never expected for it to appear in the Five Great Academies.
"Legend has it that this Mirror of Judgement has been handed down since the ancient times. The light ray from it could penetrate the barrier of any plane. When it shines onto a Lower Plane… no one can hide from its light." Luo Li continued explaining.
"So dreadful?" Mu Chen's heart shook. If that was the case, didn't it mean that he could use this Mirror of Judgement to locate his mother?
However, the thought flashed for only a moment before it was dispelled. His mother had gone through so much effort in order to keep him hidden, if he went poking his nose around, it might be sensed by that mysterious clan. At the current moment, Mu Chen didn't think that he had the qualifications to confront that clan.
"It's just a legend… but this Mirror of Judgement seems to have undergone a tribulation during the ancient times and thus, it was damaged. It shouldn't have any dreadful power anymore." Luo Li spoke as she smiled.
"I wonder what the Five Great Deans are planning by suddenly summoning the Mirror of Judgement." Su Xuan was a little confused as she spoke her doubts.
The Mirror of Judgement did not belong to any of the Spiritual Academies but shared amongst the five. It could only be summoned with the Five Great Deans acting at the same time.
"Is it for the Battle of the Best 4 next?" Shen Cangsheng spoke in astonishment.
"That should be the case." Mu Chen and Luo Li exchanged looks as only this reason would explain it. Otherwise, the Five Great Deans would definitely not take this Divine Artifact out so easily.
Just when everyone was lost in their guessing and doubts, Dean Tiansheng of the Saint Spiritual Academy in midair revealed a light smile as he pointed towards the Mirror of Judgement as his robust voice rang out within everyone's ears.
"All of your guesses are correct, the Battle of the Best 4 will be started by the Mirror of Judgement.
As he spoke, mountain-trembling and ocean-rolling cheers rang out in an instant, even Mu Chen and his team had shock in their eyes as they exchanged looks.
The Battle of the Best 4 seemed to be more and more interesting.
NineAnime is the best site to reading The Great Ruler The Great Ruler Chapter 611 The Mirror of Judgement free online. You can also go Novels Genres to read other novel or check Latest Releases for new releases.


Herbivore Botanicals Phoenix Facial Oil allows your skin to regenerate with a blend of luxe botanical oils and skin cell renewing CoQ10. This oil will dramatically rehydrate and rejuvenate your skin at the cellular level. Leaves skin soft and silky with a renewed appearance and texture.
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Directions: Apply 3–10 drops to cleansed and toned skin both morning and night. Massage in and allow to absorb for 1–3 minutes before applying makeup. Store at room temperature and out of direct sunlight.
this oil is absolutely wonderful. It's made my skin so flawless and beautiful I can even go without foundation. it cleared up a dry patch that was resistant to every other thing I tried. I had a small patch of eczema on my arm for months and it healed that too after 1-2 uses. I swear by facial oils, and I've spent thousands on skincare. This oil is my holy grail elixir. Will repurchase forever.
Second skin oil by this brand, love it! Move between this one and their lapis one. Smells lightly of roses, not overpowering. Add it with some cream moisturizer for extra hydration.


text:
Stefan Kehrer (ur. 18 stycznia 1985) – niemiecki zapaśnik walczący w stylu wolnym. Olimpijczyk z Pekinu 2008, gdzie zajął trzynaste miejsce w kategorii 96 kg. Dwukrotny uczestnik mistrzostw świata, ósmy w 2007. Brązowy medalista mistrzostw Europy w 2006 i na mistrzostwach świata wojskowych w 2006. Mistrz Niemiec w latach 2006-2010.

 Turniej w Pekinie 2008
Przegrał z Turkiem Hakanem Koçem i odpadł z turnieju.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Dane na foeldeak.com

Uczestnicy Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2008
Niemieccy zapaśnicy
Niemieccy olimpijczycy
Urodzeni w 1985
Ludzie urodzeni w Mannheimie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


UPDATE! Kemper Helistop issue is back!
Public meeting this Thursday, August 1, 2013, 6:00PM!
More than two years after the Bellevue City Council approved the Bellevue Place helistop, Kemper Development is now requesting to eliminate a critical safety condition of that permit: the restriction of the helistop to twin-engine helicopters only.
Despite the big change being proposed, City staff is classifying this as a minor "administrative amendment" which requires only staff approval. That means NO consideration before the City Council and NO public hearing for concerned citizens to comment.
On top of the safety concerns and limited public comment opportunities, the legality of the Bellevue Place helistop is now in question. Just months after Kemper Development was awarded its Conditional Use Permit in 2011, all future non-emergency helistop facilities in the City of Bellevue were banned. If the permit is brought up to code, then the helistop would now be illegal.
Make your concerns known by emailing City planner Carol Hamlin (chamlin@bellevuewa.gov) with your comments by this Thursday, August 1. The City will also hold a public meeting that evening at 6PM inside City Hall Council Chambers (Room 1E-126).
The Kemper Helistop Conditional Use Permit Appeal is not over!
A limited public appeal hearing on the Helistop went before Council on Nov. 2, 2009 and continued on Nov. 15, 2009. The matter was remanded to the Hearing Examiner by Council to take further information and argument on the FAA response letter.
The remand hearing took place on Jan. 21, 2010 and Feb. 4, 2010. The Hearing Examiner issued his final clarified report and recommendation to Council on May 4, 2010.
On July 6, 2010, the continuation of the limited public appeal hearing went before Council and was continued to July 12, 2010 and July 26, 2010.
At the Extended Study Session on July 26, 2010, the Council unanimously agreed on a Motion for Second Remand to the Hearing Examiner.
The second remand hearing is scheduled to go forward on WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25th, 2010 at 10AM in City's Council Chamber (1E-126).
On July 6th, 8PM in Bellevue City Hall Council Chambers, City Council will address this recommendation.
It is CRITICAL THAT YOU ATTEND THIS MEETING!! This is our last, best chance to take a stand to keep Bellevue skies clear, clean, safe and quiet.
Be there to remind Council members that you don't think that private heliports belong in residential and commercial zones and to show that you're concerned about the long-term implications of approving a private helistop in the heart of downtown Bellevue.
This is a public meeting although there will be no public comment.
Save the date, mark your calendar and please, ATTEND THE JULY 6th HEARING!
In November, 2009 during a Bellevue City Council Meeting, Council voted unanimously to remand the Kemper Helistop matter to the Hearing Examiner.
The remand hearings were held on January 21 and February 4, 2010 and on March 10, the Hearing Examiner submitted his recommendation that Council remand the KCD Conditional Use Permit Application back to City staff for further investigation and analysis.
Today, the Bellevue Hearing Examiner recommended that the Kemper Development Private Helipad Conditional Use Permit Application be remanded back to Bellevue City Staff for further study. This recommendation is going to be submitted to Bellevue City Council for their review.
The Council can either adopt the recommendation and send it back to City staff for more review or overrule the Examiner and make a final decision.
This will be a Council Meeting that you (and all your friends and neighbors) will want to attend!
The Bellevue Land Use code requires that all applications to construct a heliport must include "the results of the appropriate Federal Aviation Administration review." On November 16, 2009, Bellevue City Council sent the Kemper Development Private Heliport Conditional Use Permit application back to the Hearing Examiner to take further evidence on whether this condition had been met.
After two days of hearings on this issue, the Hearing Examiner has determined that it is impossible to tell whether the FAA's review was "appropriate" because KDC submitted two different, inconsistent applications to the FAA and the records produced by the FAA about its investigation were incomplete. Under the circumstances, the Hearing Examiner's recommendation that the only solution was to send the matter back to the City staff and require the City staff to obtain complete information on the FAA review of the helistop proposal and issue, as necessary, a new staff report.
The application now will return to the City Council, which will have to decide whether to accept the Examiner's recommendation. A date for the City Council's hearing has not been set.
Check back here and we'll keep you updated.
Read the article and make your comments!
At the November 16th Bellevue City Council meeting, a decision was made that the Kemper Helistop Conditional Use Permit issue be remanded back to the Hearing Examiner for the purpose of determining if the applicant had received a response from the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) to FAA Form 7480-1, confirming that the FAA has no objection to the use of the airspace of the proposed helistop.
Kemper Development Company applied for conditional use permit approval to install and operate a private-use helistop (47′ x 53′) on the roof of the existing Bellevue Place Bank of America building. The City of Bellevue Hearing Examiner issued his decision with conditions approving the conditional use permit on July 20, 2009.
Appellants Ina Tateuchi, et. al. and Su Development timely appealed the Hearing Examiner's Decision to the Bellevue City Council. A closed-record hearing was held before the City Council on November 2, 2009. Council continued its deliberations to November 16, 2009.
During Council's deliberations on November 16, 2009, Council remanded to the Hearing Examiner the limited issue of whether the applicant had received from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), its response to FAA Form 7480-1, confirming that the FAA has no objection to the use of airspace of the helistop (Condition X.A.5).
Council limited the scope of the remand hearing to reopen the record for the narrow purpose to hear testimony from the appellants, applicant, and city and their witnesses regarding the FAA response to the applicant's application for FAA review of the proposal and the consequences from the FAA letter.
Remand Hearing Date: Thursday, January 21, 2010, 7 p.m.
The Bellevue City Council held an initial hearing on the heliport appeal on November 2 to a packed crowd, with the vast majority of those in the hearing room audience definitely on the "No Heliport" side of the debate.
the heliport application was deficient because it did not include the results of the FAA review of the heliport as required by City Code.
the abbreviated noise study that was conducted was inadequate to assess the impacts of the project.
the approval of a heliport for the benefit of a few people at the detriment of the thousands of people who live and work in downtown Bellevue was inconsistent with the City's goal of a vibrant downtown area with a mix of residential and commercial uses.
At the end of the hearing, the attorney for Kemper Development asked the Council for more time to respond, claiming he was not prepared to fully answer the arguments that had been presented. After a brief discussion, the Council allowed him to submit a written response no later than November 9, not to exceed 5 pages.
On November 9, KDC submitted nine pages of argument, well above the amount allowed by the City Council. The City Council has been asked to disregard the KDC filing because it so significantly violated the page limit imposed by the Council. Attorneys for the Appellants have also asked the City Council for an opportunity to respond to the new KDC arguments.
The Council has scheduled further discussion of the application and the appeals for the regular council meeting on November 16. It is important that opponents of the heliport attend the meeting and make the Council aware of the considerable public opposition.
Bellevue City Council is set to hear the Kemper Development Conditional Use Permit Appeals on Monday, November 2, 8:00PM at Bellevue City Hall Council Chambers.
Only the applicant and appellants are able to speak but it is a public meeting and WE URGE YOU TO ATTEND THE MEETING as a demonstration to Council that you are concerned about the issue and paying attention to this discussion.
Once the precedent is set, it will be very difficult to undo! This is our last, best chance to take a stand to keep Bellevue skies clear, clean, safe and quiet.
The Bellevue City Council Monday voted unanimously to consider changes to the city's helicopter landing regulations.
The council rejected proposals for an immediate moratorium on helistops and helipads or a code amendment prohibiting all but emergency helicopter landing facilities citywide. Deputy Mayor Claudia Balducci supported these proposals, saying that each would offer a "time-out" before any new helicopter landing permit applications are made.
Neither proposed action would have applied to a helistop permit now before city officials. Kemper Development has obtained a conditional use permit to locate a helistop atop the Bank of America building downtown. An opposition group, citing concerns about noise and safety, has appealed the permit, and the council must make a ruling in November.
Mayor Grant Degginger argued against a prohibition or moratorium on helicopter landing facilities, asserting that it would be difficult for residents to separate the council's action on that from the ruling the council must make in November on Kemper Development's permit application.


New Year's Eve is celebration time in the Heuberge and fondue for dinner is very popular.
On New Year's Eve the Heuberge are ready for the New Year and every year this event attracts hundreds of guests in the unique Prättigauer Mountains. The après-ski with the panorama view of the Rhätikon, the Airboarding on floodlight slopes and the fondue party at the Berghaus promise a unique way to celebrate the New Year.
If you would like to spend the night here you need to hurry since most of our rooms have been prebooked since summer. If you would like to come for the Fondue and the night sledging we have space for you.
On the following link you will find all the information you need for the Fondue dinner on New Year.
If you want to arrive in the morning, you have the possibility to go on a snowshoe hike or make a hike on our winter hiking trail.
If we are fully booked on New Year´s Eve, we recommend you to come another weekend. Airboarding, fondue dinner with a visit in the bar or if you just want to have a nice evening with night sledging and a stay over. All of this is possible every weekend through the winter. This is of course if we have enough snow.


The difference between the Each Occurrence and General Aggregate limits is often a point of confusion for sports/recreation sanctioning governing associations and their members. If the General Aggregate limit is larger, it is tempting to think that's the actual amount of coverage for any one lawsuit. However, that is not the case. Also, some carriers may quote a policy showing "none" under the General Aggregate limit. In this case, none is actually a good thing.
The Each Occurrence limit caps the payout of losses from any one occurrence or accident. A single occurrence could involve injuries to a single claimant or to multiple claimants (ex: lightning strike, bleacher collapse). The General Aggregate caps the payout of losses that arise throughout the policy year from multiple occurrences. The General Aggregate limit should be twice the Each Occurrence limit, per insurance industry standards.
Assume that the Each Occurrence limit is $1 million, the General Aggregate limit is $2 million, and three claims occur sequentially in the policy year with total liabilities of $1.2 million, $600,000, and $800,000 respectively. The carrier would only pay $1 million for the $1.2 million claim because of the Each Occurrence limit. The sports organization would pay out of pocket the balance of $200,000. The $600,000 claim would be paid falling under the Each Occurrence limit and not having tripped the General Aggregate limit. The carrier would only be responsible for paying $400,000 of the $800,000 claim, since any amounts in excess of $400,000 would trip the General Aggregate limit of $2 million for all claims during the policy period.
Sports organizations with large numbers of participants or teams would be better served by not having a General Aggregate on their policy (designated by "NONE" on the policy) or by having a special endorsement that reinstates the General Aggregate per team, league, or event.
It is also common to see a single master General Liability policy covering an entire sports association or sanctioning body and its member teams/leagues under a single General Aggregate limit. This is dangerous since those filing claims later in the policy year may find that they have no General Aggregate limits left to pay their claims.
It is critical to understand the difference between the Each Occurrence vs General Aggregate limits when designing a protection program. We encourage you to read General Aggregate Limit for General Liability for more information.


text:
» Food Additives
Mon, 16 Sep 2019 | Food Additives
Keto Resource
In the human diet, carbohydrates are mainly present as starch. Well-known sources are cereals, potatoes and pulses.
Celluloses and other polysaccharides in the plant cell wall do not serve as energy sources. They cannot be digested by humans and contribute mainly to the dietary fiber intake. Fiber appears to play an important role in the maintenance of gastro-intestinal function, metabolism and health. Carbohydrates are useful food components because of their sweetness, solubility, cristallization behavior, water activity, hygroscopic behavior and rheological properties.
6.2.2.1 Changes in dietary carbohydrates during manufacturing and storage of food
Introduction. Reducing sugars may undergo a well-known (non-enzymatic) browning reaction, the so-called Maillard reaction in which sugars condensate with amino acids. Pentoses are usually more reactive than hexoses. The mechanism underlying this reaction has not yet been fully elucidated. The Maillard reaction is a sequence of reactions, resulting in the formation of a mixture of insoluble dark-brown polymeric pigments, known as melanoidins. In the early steps of the reaction, a complex mixture of carbonyl compounds and aromatic substances is formed. These products are water-soluble and mostly colorless. They are called premelanoidins.
Initial steps of the Maillard reaction. The first step in the Maillard reaction is the condensation of sugars with amino groups of amino acid moieties. The initial products, glycosylamines, are quite unstable and undergo Amadori rearrangement (Figure 6.6). The course of the condensation depends on the water content of the food. Further, these reactions proceed more rapidly upon heating, especially under neutral to alkaline conditions.
lysine residue (free amine)
RNH2 ^
► RN ^ ►
RNH
H2O or
— C = O
H — C strong acid h
— c-1
(CHOH)4
(CHOH)3 o
CH2OH glucose
ch2oh H
(reducing sugar)
transamination
CH2OH
N - substituted aldosylamine (glycosylamine)
Schiff s base
Amadori rearrangement -►
transamination oxoacid -amino sugar
Strecker degradation later stages of browning
1 - amino -1 - deoxy - 2 - ketose (1, 2 - enol form)
enolization dehydration
Reductones
Furfurals unsaturated polycarbonyl compounds p RNH CH2
N - substituted - 1 -amino - 1 - deoxy -2 - ketose (keto form) (Amadori product, ketosamine, hexoseamino acid)
scissions, aldol condensations, Strecker degradations, polymerization, etc.
later stages of browning (advanced Maillard compounds and polymers)
weak acid
Figure 6.6 Condensation of glucose with lysine, followed by Amadori rearrangement.
The classic example of a foodstuff in which the initial steps may occur is drum-dried milk powder in which a 10 to 40% decrease in availability of lysine has been reported. If spray-drying is used, the availability of lysine does not decrease.
Subsequent steps of the Maillard reaction. In the following steps, reactive unsaturated polycarbonyl compounds such as reductones, and heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazines, are formed. These compounds bind to a-terminal, e-amino and other amino groups of different polypeptide chains to form colored, high-molecular mass, highly cross-linked carbohydrate-protein polymers of low solubility, low digestibility, and low nutritional value. These steps may be followed by breakage of the polypeptide chains, and decarboxylation and ultimately deamination of the amino acid moieties (Strecker degradation, Figure 6.7).
COOH
:valine-
:leucine-
methylpropanal methylbutanal
CO2 t
R"
C =
= N -
-CH
Figure 6.7 Strecker degradation of amino acids.
The last steps of the Maillard reaction may take place to a considerable extent on heating of the food, especially chocolate and baked products such as bread, biscuits, and cakes. The initial steps of the Maillard reaction do not cause marked changes in the color and flavor of the foodstuff. However, as mentioned above, the course of the Maillard reaction depends on the water content of the food. As a result, the deterioration may be intensified by concentration and dehydration of protein-containing food, e.g., concentration and drum-drying of milk, dehydration of egg white, and drying of oilseed products. The last steps are largely responsible for the desired color and flavor of baked products.
Animal studies have indicated that premelanoidins inhibit growth, disturb reproduction and cause liver damage. Further, certain types of allergic reactions have been attributed to Maillard reaction products. Maillard reactions can be prevented by using the additive power of the carbonyl group in reducing sugars. A reaction characteristic of aldehydes and some ketones is addition of sodium bisulfite. The addition products are crystalline salts, very soluble in water. Further, Maillard reactions may be inhibited by regulating the temperature, pH, and water content.
6.2.3 Proteins
Proteins are the source of essential amino acids. They are the only dietary source of nitrogen for protein synthesis. Denaturation of protein occurs when food is heated during preparation. This is a desirable effect, as denaturated protein is more readily digested. Apart from their nutritional value, proteins are important to the physical properties of foods. Their solubility and dispersability, hygroscopic behavior, viscosity, and stabilizing properties determine the structure and texture of foods.
6.2.3.1 Changes in proteins during processing of raw materials, and during manufacturing, preparation and storage of food A technique that is increasingly used in the processing of proteins is treatment with alkali. It involves solubilization and purification of proteins. Protein concentrates are prepared this way. Alkali cooking of maize is a traditional Mexican technique to increase its digestibility. Treatment with sodium hydroxide is advocated for the peeling of grain. The use of gaseous ammonia has been proposed to free peanut and cottonseed products from afla-toxin.
Intensive treatment of proteins with alkali is known to result in advanced degradation of several amino acids, cystine, arginine, threonine, and serine being the most sensitive. Under mild alkaline conditions and at moderate temperatures, products may be formed that have been found to be nephrotoxic in rats, e.g., lysinoalanine (LAL), ornithinoalanine (OAL) and lanthionine. LAL is the condensation product of dehydroalanine and lysine (Figure 6.8). Dehydroalanine is formed on alkaline desulfurization of cystine. Sulfur is released as H2S. Treatment of serine and phosphoserine moieties with alkali also yields dehydroalanine.
CO— Cystinyl residue
Seryl residue
(Dehydroalanyl residue)
Lysinoalanyl residue
Figure 6.8 Formation of lysinoalanine (LAL).
The extent of LAL formation depends on the nature of the protein, the duration and temperature of the reaction, and the alkali concentration. Different legume proteins from mung beans, cow peas, and peanuts have been shown to produce considerable amounts of LAL when treated with 0.05 to 0.075 N NaOH at 20°C for 30 min. The LAL content may range from 200 to 800 mg/100 g of protein. Some legumes, such as kidney beans, lima beans, and vetch were stable under these conditions. After treatment with alkali at 80°C, however, all legumes contained LAL. Their LAL content decreased on prolonged treatment at higher temperatures. In several other foods, LAL is formed during cooking in the absence of alkali (Table 6.4). Chicken meat which was free from LAL before cooking, contained 200 |g/g after cooking in a microwave oven. Egg white free from LAL when fresh, contained 270 to 370 |g/g after boiling for 10 to 30 min, and 1.1 mg/g if pan-fried at 150°C for 30 min.
Table 6.4 Lysinoalanine content of heated proteins and some protein-containing food products
Protein or food LAL (|ig/g)
Sausage after boiling in water for 10 min 50
Corn chips 390
Pretzels 500
Evaporated milk 590-860
Simulated cheese 1070
Egg white solids 160-1820
Hydrolyzed vegetable proteins 40-500
Whipping agent 6500-50,000
Soya protein isolates 0-370
The reactions of proteins with oxidation products of oils and fats and with reducing sugars (Maillard reaction) have already been discussed in Sections 6.2.1.2.2 and 6.2.2.1 respectively.
I already know two things about you. You are an intelligent person who has a weighty problem. I know that you are intelligent because you are seeking help to solve your problem and that is always the second step to solving a problem. The first one is acknowledging that there is, in fact, a problem that needs to be solved.
Food additives the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene
Preservatives - Food Additives
Microbial toxins 2331 Introduction
Macronutrients - Food Additives
Antithiamine factors - Food Additives
Natural Dietary Supplements, Carbohydrates, Reducing Sugars

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So a couple of weeks ago I had HAD it! I was FED UP! I could not bring myself to buy ONE MORE bottle of over-priced, wastefully-packaged laundry detergent. I just couldn't do it!
Now, I'm no eco-nazi (far from it), but buying those big bottles of laundry detergent, lugging them home and then turning around and throwing them away was definitely starting to get to me. I mean seriously….what a monumental waste! Not to mention the COST! $15 for a bottle of Brand Name Laundry Detergent that's smaller than my fountain Diet Coke?? I won't do it!
It was about this same time that I just happened to come across a picture someone posted on Pinterest of their "Homemade" laundry detergent! Call me naive, but it had never even occurred to me that you could MAKE your own detergent! I did a little research online and decided to give it at try. It turns out it's actually quite easy.
The first batch I made…I followed this recipe from The Rachel Berry Blog.
Worked out great. I've been very happy with it! The main thing you have to get used to is it hardly make any suds at all. At first this is a bit unnerving (especially for my husband!)…but the more I read about it online…I realized that "suds" are not what gets our clothes CLEAN. As a matter of fact, as with dishwashing liquid, the suds are totally cosmetic and add no cleaning value. Less suds is actually better for our clothes. Today I realized we were getting close to the end of the first batch…so I decided to make some more. This time I followed a slightly different recipe I found online at Why Not Sew?
I use approximately 1/2 – 1 cup per large load (depending on how dirty the clothes are!) The main difference is that it makes a more manageable 2 gallons (instead of 5 gallons) and you can make it in one big pot on the stove, instead of having to use a 5 gallon bucket. Here are the two gallons I made today.
After months of making this laundry soap now….I have started dividing it into THREE gallon jugs instead of TWO. I was always adding water anyway because it gets very thick! So I just decided to add a 3rd jug and now it seems to be just about right. :-) Just an FYI! STILL LOVIN this stuff!
If you are a powdered detergent fan…you can also make my DRY version: Cheap, Simple, Homemade Laundry Detergent.
So….if you have reached the end of your "soap rope" when it comes to the high price of laundry detergent…I would whole-heartedly suggest giving this a try! I'm no math wiz…but from everything I've read online…this homemade stuff costs roughly .01-.03 cents a load!
I think I'm safe in saying I will never go back to lugging those big plastic bottles home from the store again.
when I first started making this I would divide it into used detergent bottles. but now I just leave it in the 5 gallon bucket and use 1/4-1/2 cup depending on what I'm washing. much easier forgoing that last step of separating and diluting the detergent.
method, Gaines believes, is? to permit students to find out outside the classroom.
in the general classroom, it is essential to consider all techniques and places for college students to discover.
up. Even though I bear in mind sitting down over the toilet wishing it will just arrive up cuz it got so negative but Thessaly only lasted perhaps two weeks.
or anything which was due last month.
Does anyone have more information on the details of using the microwave method for turning the soap to powder? Such as, what does the soap look like after microwaving…does the Zote soap all have to be white and "fluffy" before you crush it, or will the soap that is still pink crush up once it cools?
Wondering if, to make the homemade liquid detergent, instead of grated soap could i use a premade liquid detergent? I still have some left over and would like to use it up.
Just made this a couple hours ago and mine is not thickening up. could there be a reason? Am I doing something wrong?
I just made my first batch, and I noticed that it was think before I added the second gallon of water, then it didn't seem thick at all. I'm not sure if I did something wrong. I got three gallon jugs, but I didn't need the third, there wasn't enough to mix in a third. I really think I messed something up! Please help!


text:
Q: PHP MYSQL need to group rows that have same value in certain column I have a table named 'entries' with the columns: originator, collaborator, engagement_partner, niche, and fee_potential. Some of the rows in the table have the same originator. I have a form that someone fills out, submits it to the database. I have tried using GROUP BY, but need some assistance on this.
My WordPress SQL statement: This will be used in the WordPress function file.
global $wpdb;
$rows = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT * FROM entries group by originator");

I need to display the data in a table format below. Basically, I need to group each entry based on Originator that are the same.

     Originator
     Collaborator
     engagement_partner
     Niche
     Fee Potential

         First Originator
         Company Name
         Engagement Partner
         Web
         $40000

         First Originator
         Company Name
         Engagement Partner
         Web
         $40000

         First Originator
         Company Name
         Engagement Partner
         Web
         $40000

     Originator
     Collaborator
     engagement_partner
     Niche
     Fee Potential

         Second Originator
         Company Name
         Engagement Partner
         Web
         $40000

         Second Originator
         Company Name
         Engagement Partner
         Web
         $40000

A: I suggest you fetch all the entries and group them with php like so;
global $wpdb;
$rows = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT * FROM entries");
$originators = [];
foreach($rows as $row)
{
    $originators[$row->originator][] = $row;
}

then loop through the originators to fill the table, something like this:
<?php
foreach($originators as $originator => $entries){
?>

        Originator
        Collaborator
        engagement_partner
        Niche
        Fee Potential

    <?php foreach($entries as $entry){ ?>

             <?php echo $entry->originator; ?>
            <?php echo $entry->collaborator; ?>
            <?php echo $entry->engagement_partner; ?>
            <?php echo $entry->niche; ?>
            <?php echo $entry->fee_potential;?>

    <?php } ?>

<?php}?>

A: It doesn't looks like a GROUP BY statement is what you are looking for.
Seeing your example HTML structure, the thing you are looking for is an ordered list of rows. You can then use php to sort the results and then use them
global $wpdb;
$rows = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT * FROM `entries`");
$sortedRows = [];

foreach($rows as $row) {
    if (!isset($sortedRows[$row->originator])) {
        $sortedRows[$row->originator] = [];
    }
    $sortedRows[$row->originator][] = $row;
}

a different approach is using ORDER BY in the query, which i won't fully work out since i dont know what your approach is on creating the HTML structure:
global $wpdb;
$rows = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT * FROM `entries` ORDER BY `originator` ASC");
$currentOriginator = NULL;

foreach ($rows as $row) {
   if ($row->originator !== $currentOriginator) {
       //create table
       $currentOriginator = $row->originator;
   }
   //add the row to the table
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home › Community Services › Volunteer Opportunities and Committees › Grafton Community Centre
Looking for a place to have a good game of Cards? Well you have come to the right spot.....
Grafton Community Centre Committee
is proud to host
Euchre Card Night
Come out and enjoy playing Progressive Euchre
on each first Friday of the month
Friday April 5th, and Friday May 3rd
718 Station St, Grafton
7 pm. to 9 pm.
Admission: $2.00 per person
Bring your own snacks &
Donations/contributions will be accepted for the Local Food Bank
The Grafton Community Centre, nestled discretely on Station Road and home to the Grafton Library as well. The centre is an amazing space that stands as proof of community spirit and involvement.
The centre used to be a school and remained unused for a number of years. When it came time to either update the building or get rid of it the community rallied around it, raising the money and getting the centre renovated and breathed new life into it.
The centre has updated itself in a number of ways: growing from a school into a general place of learning for people of all ages. There are childrens groups, adult learning and the attached library.
The Grafton Community Centre has made a remarkable transition, acting for over a decade as a beacon of community spirit.
Harvest Festival takes place every October at the Community Centre. It's free for all residents and council provides lunch. There is pumpkin carving and activities for the kids.
Children's YMCA Child Care
The YMCA runs a child care program at the Community Centre. The program is run by YMCA employees who supervise and play with the children, keeping them entertained before and after their school day. The prices vary ($20 for before/after care, $10 for before school care, $12 for after school care) and the quality of the program is long-tested.
The program is full at the moment. For more information contact Kasie at 905-349-2667.
Danielle Keir runs playgroup from 9:30 to 11:30 every Thursday. She invites any parents or caregivers to drop in with their children--0-to-6 years old--and use the spacious, fun-filled playroom. The space is open and inviting, a perfect place for kids to get away from the house and be in a safe, friendly environment with other children. The centre has snacks, a great play area and is attached to the library.
The program runs throughout the school year.
For more information, contact Janine Turk at 905-349-1161
jpturk07@hotmail.com


Episode 009 – You drop your pants, I'll rip mine!
Today on the show we discuss some big news about the DC television universe, we talk about some upcoming comics that we're excited for, and we reach for the stars as a submission for the Geekie Awards!
← Episode 008 – No Hanky Panky With My Cereal!


text:
Police investigating multiple armed robberies on Near North Side
Posted 5:01 PM, September 30, 2019, by Tonya Francisco
CHICAGO — Chicago police are alerting the public of a series of armed robberies on the Near North Side, including multiple cases involving groups who either attack or threaten violence against their victims.
The robberies took place in the area bordered by Elm on the north, Grand on the south, Michigan Avenue on the east and LaSalle on the west. They happened throughout the day, some early in the morning, others at night and at least one in the middle of the day.
In the most recent case, police say a man was beat up and robbed of his cell phone in front of Miller's Pub on Wabash in the Loop Sunday night. The victim told police a man snatched his cellphone out of his hand and threw him to the ground. In another incident, a suspect started a conversation with a victim before pulling out a gun, demanding money and taking off.
In at least six cases since late August, police say groups of three to five suspects approached victims on the Near North Side and either attacked or threatened violence against them before taking their property.
But police say incidents like these are not confined the North Side. CPD Officer Michelle Tannehill said they're investigating similar incidents in other areas as well.
"So everybody knows, we are at 20-year lows in robberies, and year-to-date we are down 18 percent," Tannehill said. "We send out community alerts to combat robberies and it's so those the community is vigilant."
The description of the suspects are pretty vague, so police are asking anyone who may have surveillance video of any of the incidents to give them to police.
Officer Tannehill also had so good advice for anyone who may end up being the victim of a robbery or attack: try to remember the suspect's shoes because it's pretty hard to change them, making them helpful in tracking down the suspect.
Robbers posing as rideshare drivers targeting passengers on Near North Side
Victim speaks out after multiple late-night assaults on the Red Line this weekend
Police say robbery of U of Chicago student may be connected to string of Starbucks robberies
FedEx driver kills man who shot him during robbery attempt: Philadelphia police
22-year-old woman robbed, escapes being dragged into alley near UIC campus
Robbery crew strikes 8 times within 4 hours on Chicago's North Side
Bail set for $300K for man charged in connection to Englewood shooting that wounded 13
Police: 3 armed men wearing clown masks rob man in Jefferson Park apartment
Man found in NW Indiana lake was killed during robbery attempt, police say
Police: Buffalo Grove couple's murder was 'targeted attack,' no one in custody
Suspect arrested following Racine County car crash, home invasion killing
Robbery suspect dies after officer-involved shooting in South Shore
Man in critical condition following River North shooting early Sunday


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Abstract: This paper presents an FMS scheduling and control DSS (decision support system) using generalised stochastic Petri nets (GSPNs) for model representation and analysis. The function of the DSS is to assist the FMS operator to search for suitable control strategies that will achieve efficient performance. It can also be called upon in the event of unforeseen changes in production requirements, component failures, or other related contingencies. The GSPN modelling approach is employed because GSPNs can characterise random processing times, machine breakdown and repair rates. The GSPN employed in the proposed DSS also incorporates dispatching control at conflicting immediate transitions and can be used to determine various performance measures pertaining to scheduling and control. An application example of the DSS for the processing of two part types in a three-machine FMS is also described. © 1995 Springer-Verlag London Limited.


Take a tour of the city's beautiful downtown lake and river fronts. While walking, you can use our app to learn just how important these resources are to the region—through fun facts, history, biology, and more. Stroll along the Chicago lakefront from Navy Pier to the Museum Campus, or stay at home and just visit our website.
Whether it's swimming, boating, hiking, fishing, or camping you're after in the southern Lake Michigan region, Southern Lake Michigan Outdoors is a handy resource. Visit this destination website to explore the coastal regions of Indiana and Illinois. Places of interest include national parks, city parks, blueways and other spots perfect for a day outdoors.
Lake Michigan is a great place to enjoy a day at the beach. Unfortunately, southern Lake Michigan has the highest rate of drowning in the Great Lakes. Rapidly changing conditions, an uneven lake bottom, and dangerous currents can catch the most skilled swimmer, boater, or angler off guard.


text: Q: Enable the background music back after the app plays a video I have an app that at the beginning plays a video with AVPlayer. The video is muted. The problem is it stops the music that let say iPhone was playing on iTunes and after the video playback is finished the music does not come back automatically. Is there a way to play the video in my app, during the playback of the video the music on iTunes can be muted which is fine with me, but what I want to achieve is to get the iTunes music back playing when the video is finished without the user's interference.


text:
Storsand är ett naturreservat i Kramfors kommun i Västernorrlands län.

Området är naturskyddat sedan 1969 och är 11 hektar stort. Reservatet ligger vid kusten innanför en vik. Reservatet består närmast vattnet av sandstränder och tallbevuxna sanddyner I öster finns hällmark och klapperstensfält.

Referenser
 Naturreservatet Storsand Länsstyrelsen i Västernorrlands län

Noter

Naturreservat i Kramfors kommun
Naturskyddsområden bildade 1969


text:
The Trafford Centre is a large indoor shopping centre and entertainment complex in Urmston, Greater Manchester, England. It opened in 1998 and is third largest in the United Kingdom by retail space.

Originally developed by the Peel Group, the Trafford Centre was sold to Capital Shopping Centres, later to become Intu, in 2011 for £1.65 billion setting a record as the costliest single property sale in British history.

The battle to obtain permission to build the centre was amongst the longest and most expensive in United Kingdom planning history.  the Trafford Centre had Europe's largest food court and the UK's busiest cinema.

History

Genesis

The site was owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company which John Whittaker's Peel Holdings had been acquiring shares in since 1971 Manchester City Council also had a stake, but by the mid 1980s Whittaker had a majority control and proposed building an out-of-town shopping centre, and other schemes.

The council faced a conflict of interest as both a local planning authority and shareholder. Its minority shareholding also no longer gave it any real control over the company. Accordingly, in 1986 it surrendered the right to appoint all but one of the Manchester Ship Canal's directors, and sold its shares to Whittaker for £10 million.

Manchester City Council opposed Whittaker's proposal for retail development, stating it would impact negatively on the city centre economy, but accepted it was "obviously in the interests of the shareholders".

Peel Holdings submitted a planning application to Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council for development of approximately  of land in 1986. The application was called in by the Secretary of State for the Environment and legal disputes ensued requiring two public inquiries before planning permission was granted. Objections included congestion fears on the M60 motorway, and adverse consequences for retailers across Greater Manchester. Planning permission was granted in 1993 before being blocked by the Court of Appeal, then reinstated in 1995 by the House of Lords.

Twelve years after being proposed, the Trafford Centre opened on 10 September 1998. Construction had taken 27 months at a cost of £600 million. The Barton Square and Great Hall extensions opened in 2008, at a combined cost of over £100 million.

Intu

Peel Group sold the centre to Capital Shopping Centres (CSC) in January 2011 for £1.6 billion, in cash and shares, and John Whittaker, chairman of Peel Group, became deputy chairman of CSC. He later claimed he could have sold the centre for over £2 billion if he had been prepared to accept just cash. Nevertheless the £1.6 billion deal remained the largest property transaction in British history, and the biggest European property deal of 2011.

Capital Shopping Centres was renamed Intu in 2013 and spent £7 million rebranding the "Intu Trafford Centre".

, Intu claimed a fair market value of £2.312 billion for the centre. However, the firm entered administration in June 2020 and the centre was placed into receivership by its creditors in November 2020. In 2020, the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, who had loaned Intu £250 million in 2017, exercised their rights as creditors to take ownership of the complex.

Post Intu

Construction of the Trafford Park Line Metrolink tram connection from the Trafford Centre to Manchester city centre via  began in 2016 and opened during 2020.

Building

John Whittaker, chose a lavish, unorthodox style seeking to avoid the centre rapidly appearing dated and stale, as so many United Kingdom shopping centres built in the 1960s and 1970s had become. Although the extravagant Rococo and Baroque design may be viewed as gaudy, he argued the prospect of the shopping centre rapidly ageing was mitigated.

The design was a collaboration between the architectural practices of Chapman Taylor and Manchester-based Leach Rhodes Walker. Main contractor was Bovis, with structural engineering services provided by WSP Group. Such was the size and detailing of the building, architects ended up producing over 3,000 separate shop drawings and the construction process required 24 chartered architects to work on the project full-time to monitor it.

Peel Avenue, Regent Crescent, the Dome, and The Orient, comprising the original centre were designed so that visitor flows split equally between their two floors. The Cinema and other leisure facilities are on the third floor, with the infrastructure for an additional fourth floor built ready during the initial construction.

There are three domed atria along the length of the mall, and the developers claim its £5 million middle dome is bigger than St Paul's Cathedral.

Decor

The Trafford Centre also contains eclectic Art Deco and Egyptian Revival elements. It is decorated primarily in shades of white, pink and gold with ivory, jade and caramel coloured marble throughout.

 there were  or £5.8 million of Tuscan marble and granite flooring from Montignoso and Quarrata, and gold leaf adorns the building's columns. The marble floors and handrails are polished nightly to maintain the centre's opulence.

The Trafford Centre has decorative features such as red roses of Lancaster which pay homage to the local area and North West England. Griffin statues adorn the exterior, the heraldic symbol of the de Trafford baronets who historically owned much of the land in modern-day Trafford.

Elsewhere, fake palm trees and neo-classical decorative pillars made of painted, medium-density fibreboard have received criticism. Manchester architecture critic John Parkinson-Bailey described the Trafford Centre as a building which "will not appeal to purists" and the range of interior architecture as "bewildering".

Portraits around the walls of the mall depict members of the Whittaker family. A Mercedes car formerly belonging to John Whittaker's mother was initially displayed on the first floor mall outside  but is now in Trafford Palazzo.

Sculpture

A feature of the centre, and particularly Trafford Palazzo, is the statuary, fountains and other sculpture.  There are over 100 figures, mainly in a classical Greek / Roman, or Art Nouveau style.

Altrincham sculptor Colin Spofforth created bronze figures of a jazz band for the New Orleans theme, and the crest, above the main entrance. The latter assembles a griffin, unicorn and Roman centurion, once more referencing the arms of the de Trafford family. The centurion holds two lightning bolts, a reminder of the power stations formerly on the site.

The Orient

The Orient is Europe's largest food court with 1,600 seats and 35 retail outlets. It is decorated in the style of a 1930s ocean liner, incorporating detail representing China, New Orleans, Egypt, Italy, americana and Morocco. The two floors incorporate restaurants, bars and fast food outlets in sight of a giant screen.

Great Hall

The Great Hall opened 2007, its glazed structure housing five restaurants and cafes. Construction took 18 months at a cost of £26 million and incorporates a sweeping staircase with marble balustrades. The centre claims its Great Hall has the largest chandelier in the world at  wide and  high. The feature incorporates three internal maintenance walkways and weighs five ton.

Trafford Palazzo (formerly Barton Square)

The , covered Trafford Palazzo opened in 2008 and  cost £70 million. The former name referenced nearby Barton-upon-Irwell.

Trafford Palazzo is linked to the main Trafford Centre by a glazed bridge and incorporates a mock Italian renaissance square with fountain and campanile tower.

A £75 million renovation commenced in mid 2018 for Primark to open as an anchor tenant in 2020. The first floor extension created 110,000 sq ft of new retail floor space.

Leisure
Leisure facilities include a 20-screen cinema; Laser Quest arena; miniature golf; dodgems; bowling; arcade games and a Sea Life Centre aquarium.

Travel and transport

, 10 percent of the UK population lived within a 45-minute drive of the Trafford Centre.

Road
The Trafford Centre has 12,500 car spaces and 350 coach spaces and is off the M60 (Junctions 9 and 10). Its popularity has resulted in traffic congestion on the M60's Barton High-Level Bridge, requiring a link road adjacent to the M60 crossing the ship canal on a new lift bridge.

All vehicles entering the centre have number plate details recorded via automatic number plate recognition. Since its introduction in 2003 at a cost of £220,000 the system has reduced the number of thefts of and from vehicles to a level described as "negligible". The ANPR tracks cars which have been used for serious offences and details of any car with such a number plate can then be passed to Stretford Police Station.

Bus
There is a bus station at the west end of the Trafford Centre with services to most towns in Greater Manchester.

Tram

The centre is served by two stops in the Trafford Park Line of the Manchester Metrolink network. The terminating Trafford Centre tram stop serves the west of the centre while the Barton Dock Road tram stop serves the east of the centre and Trafford Palazzo.

Until 2020, the nearest Metrolink stop to the site was Stretford, and a shuttle bus had connected the two.

In popular culture

 The setting for Shopping City on BBC Two.
 Featured in 2008 BBC documentary series, Britain From Above, highlighted a transition from industry to services.
 The Orient food court was used as a location in the 2008 post-apocalyptic drama Survivors.
 Focal point of BBC's 2010 The Apprentice week 5 when contestants sold clothes.
 The Lancashire Hotpots song Trafford Centre is about christmas shopping at the centre.

See also
 Trafford Waters
 List of shopping centres in the United Kingdom
 Manchester Arndale
 Economy of Manchester

References

External links

The Peel Group
Shopping centres in Greater Manchester
Buildings and structures in Trafford
Shopping malls established in 1998
Trafford Centre#Bus


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