text:
Golfer comes to the fore of English amateur body
A WIRRAL golf club member has been made president of the English Golf Union for 2005.
Fred Car e, 69, of Puddington, a former president of the Cheshire Union, is proud to hold the position of the governing body of the English amateur game which has 750,000 members.
Despite struggling with a sore hip, Fred says he will love the role which will involve travelling to speak at golf clubs up and down the land as well as visiting major tournaments.
He said: 'It involves an enormous amount of travelling, speaking all over the country. There 34 counties and 25 of them have dinners!
'And there are the tournaments. Basically, I am the PR man for the amateur game.'
Mr Car e is the second Heswall club member to be president of the EGU which is pretty amazing considering there are 1,900 clubs and there have only been about 80 presidents. The other was his best friend Stuart Cookson who served as president in 1994.
Fred admits cricket and hockey were his first loves. But golf has been a major part of his life for the more than 40 years, and he has served the Cheshire Union, his club, and the EGU with distinction over that period.
Born in Liverpool, Fred's family moved to Cheshire in 1945 and his working life was spent in the grain trade in Liverpool. Before that he completed his National Service in the Royal Air Force in Aden then went to Cambridge University.
Back in Liverpool the grain business beckoned and he eventually became managing director of a company of grain brokers, becoming president of the Liverpool Corn Trade Association in 1978-79.
During that period, from 1972-79, Fred also became the Honorary Consul for Denmark in Liverpool, a post previously held by his father Sir Athelstan Car e.
Fred's early sporting ventures were with a larger ball, playing hockey and cricket in the Liverpool area. He spent about 25 years with the Oxton Hockey Club and eight with the cricket club as a batsman and occasional off break bowler.
He took up golf in 1963, joining Heswall with a handicap of 16. That was eventually reduced to four but he now confesses to be back to 12.
Made captain in 1976, Fred has served the club's council on and off for 35 years. He is currently a trustee of the club.
His duties with the Cheshire Union began in 1980 when he was elected to the executive.
He was county treasurer for 18 years from 1985 and was made Cheshire president in 1988. The following year he was elected to the EGU's council, on which he still serves.
Married to Sue since 1959, they have two sons, Christian and Mark, and a daughter, Elizabeth, as well as eight grandchildren. Two of them, Michael, 18, and 15-year-old Justin, have taken up golf. Justin is a member of Pryor Hayes Golf Club in Oscroft where he plays with a handicap of 13.
Fred lists his hobbies as gardening, philately and meteorology. He has been a Fellow of the Meteorological Society since 1957 and still keeps rainfall records for the Met Office. His house in Cheshire is an official Met Office Station.
GwyneddMajor music festival could be making return to Faenol site as talks heldFeaturing headline acts such as Shirley Bassey and Westlife, the Faenol Festival attracted record crowds of 35,000 to Bangor in 2006


text:
package com.jetbrains.python.psi.types.functionalParser;

import com.intellij.openapi.util.Pair;
import com.intellij.util.Function;
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;

import java.util.List;

/**
* @author vlan
*/
public interface FunctionalParser<R, T> {
  @Nonnull
  R parse(@Nonnull List<Token<T>> tokens) throws ParserException;

  @Nonnull
  Pair<R, FunctionalParserBase.State> parse(@Nonnull List<Token<T>> tokens,
                                            @Nonnull FunctionalParserBase.State state) throws ParserException;

  @Nonnull
  <R2> FunctionalParser<Pair<R, R2>, T> then(@Nonnull FunctionalParser<R2, T> parser);

  @Nonnull
  <R2> FunctionalParser<R2, T> skipThen(@Nonnull FunctionalParser<R2, T> parser);

  @Nonnull
  <R2> FunctionalParser<R, T> thenSkip(@Nonnull FunctionalParser<R2, T> parser);

  @Nonnull
  FunctionalParser<R, T> or(@Nonnull FunctionalParser<R, T> parser);

  @Nonnull
  <R2> FunctionalParser<R2, T> map(@Nonnull Function<R, R2> f);

  @Nonnull
  FunctionalParser<R, T> endOfInput();

  @Nonnull
  FunctionalParser<R, T> named(@Nonnull String name);

  @Nonnull
  FunctionalParser<R, T> cached();

  class State {
    private final int myPos;
    private final int myMax;
    private final Object myKey;

    State() {
      myKey = new Object();
      myPos = 0;
      myMax = 0;
    }

    State(@Nonnull State state, int pos, int max) {
      myKey = state.myKey;
      myPos = pos;
      myMax = max;
    }

    public int getPos() {
      return myPos;
    }

    public int getMax() {
      return myMax;
    }

    public Object getKey() {
      return myKey;
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
One injured in early morning crash in Jamestown Twp.
Sentinel Staff
JAMESTOWN TWP. — One person suffered minor injuries in an early morning crash on Thursday, Feb. 6. The Ottawa County Sheriff's Office responded to a two-vehicle crash at 3:58 a.m. on Byron Road, near Eighth Avenue.
The sheriff's office reports a 1991 Chevrolet Caprice, driven by a 31-year-old Muskegon man, was stationary along the side of Byron Road after becoming disabled.
While the occupants of the Caprice were waiting for help, an eastbound 2004 Chevrolet Malibu rear-ended the vehicle. The driver of the Malibu was an 18-year-old female from West Olive.
She suffered minor injuries and was taken to a local hospital for treatment. The injuries are not life threatening, according to the OCSO.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At Royal Dumpster, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Luna, NM, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
Consider how much living space you'd possess in your home should you cleared absent all of the junk from your closets, your attic, your garage, and even your current yard. Today make it happen using a cost-effective 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM from your regional junk hauling service.
Inevitably with remodeling projects, the end result is the final purpose and making certain it keeps in the dark is regarding major significance. So how can you cutback without deterioration the final undertaking? Here are some tips about how you can lower your expenses without cutting quality.
Dumpster leases will benefit you in the previously mentioned stated techniques only when you receive associated with the excellent vendor who'd not offer you fault assurance and work the just to be able to fetch your dollars. The service provider will be very prompt in their solutions, fast pickup and prompt delivery. The perfect 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM service provider will likely be transparent inside it's pricing to give the customer prior info on the cost that you will find bared before the buy is placed.
Anyone can own a pickup truck and take junk, though the professional will save you many head aches, hassle money. Don't let wages go to waste! You can now organize anything else and leave the worry of discarding that litter to some companies offering disposal bin in addition to 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM services. These big lots of trash have become out of your residence in a few instances only.
Ward off all the waste that is amassed in your apartments rentals, and community, be notified as a initially community to stand up on your cleanliness. Obstruct party clean up will be an effective way to increase the actual unity one of several neighbors compared to any other implies. Cleanup your area trash by means of hiring dumpster at a 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM company. The brain may now pop up using a question, who does pay the fee for 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM? The organizer with the event can certainly run a coupon about the block party clean up day in addition to arrange sum through efforts from the owner of a house in the apartments rentals. The rental fee involves joint contribution from all the people in the neighborhood, so removing unnecessary junk accumulated in your house would not cost much. It is possible to throw the old matrices furniture as well as other accumulated junk in your home on very affordable price on your block party morning. The additional benefit attached to the 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM is you can start slinging dump in trash dumpster once it is positioned in your location and also be assured the remaining will be handled by the 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM service provider company within a professional way.
You may want to swap that shattered door as well as all of the old doors in your home. The baseboards may need to substituted as well. The carpeting as part of your historical household may need swapping as well as many of the wooden flooring. With such a big project you are aware that you will need to rent a new dumpster.
A dumpster is a huge container, and that is mostly consisting of steel as well as plastic. These are generally used for the actual temporary storage area of clutter and it assists in disposing the garbage generated in your house renovation as well as construction undertaking hassle free.
Once you remodel from time to time there is merely stuff that any trash tote can not include. Big issues that you can not include a trash tote still have to be thrown away. Attempting to throw the things away could be a big discomfort but if you'd your own dumpster it would not be. You can walk over to it and also throw that in being a dumpster is big sufficient to handle including the big rubbish pieces.
Form portable toilets which do come in certain different types depending on what they are to be used pertaining to, some 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna corporations have trying to recycle centers which will make it easy to break down the several components of your current waste material. You may have seen these centers available parking plenty, and often at weekends. Even though those are generally for metal cans and also bottles etc., the concept is the same.
You can place your aged master bedroom door into the dumpster. You may even put a cheap baseboards providing want on account of breaking or maybe if they just are not the style you're looking for.
Depending on the size of the household room causing all of the items being carried out will depend on the length of dumpster you need to rent. It really is the items higher than it is most likely suggested to rent a sizable dumpster. The large dumpster will certainly haul 12 pickup truck lots or around four plenty.
A final suggestion - be ready for this dumpster before that shows up. Clear space on your lawn if that is in which you're going to want it set up as well as make sure the suppress is free in the event that's where it's going to be parked. Should you be ready for that 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna company to lower off your current trash receptacle, your life plus the project you might be working on will likely be so much easier.
Dumpsters are used when there is additional garbage than a single can easily choose to use the remove. Several excursions would generally be required. Few people live close to a remove, and they could be a long distance aside. Driving garbage to them isn't free. Persons must pay for that gas each and every trip to this dump requires. With the soaring cost of fuel and the diminished fuel economy of the fully-loaded vehicle, these costs may be significant. When they're multiplied by a number of trips, the price of driving to a dump is often surprisingly higher.
Check dumpsters at apartment processes and the starting and finish of month. When new tenants transfer in/out they tent to dispose of many things of value.
So really don't wait until spring cleaning comes around to overpower your unkempt property. Get back the valuable storage areas in and around your home which has a residential 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna from your local rubbish removal services. In a matter of some day, you could eliminate years of undesirable junk and stay the envy of the area with increased space to be able to spare.
In case you are thinking of organizing your significant garage, in comparison with you will need to understand what is permitted inside of the rented dumpster.
Renting a dumpster could be a lifesaver when you've got a major project underway in the home. These leases are great for rubbish removal, household furniture disposal, and also junk trucking, among other things. Nonetheless, it's important to bear in mind renting a dumpster won't automatically signify your dumpster pro will be in the grass to move the garbage into the receptacle for you. Be sure to know exactly what is actually included ahead of time when you rent any dumpster so that you really don't run into virtually any surprises as you go along.
Most significant benefits of dumpsters is that you could fill these with whatever kind of trash you have. Think about in which before you even investigate 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM prices. No matter if you need to use them commercially appliance discretion, furniture discretion, or just plain junk discretion, if you can suit it in there, you can put the idea in there. This is great news should you be doing a overall cleanout of a residence, garage, or another building. Traditional garbage removal selections don't offer you this luxury--you get to take your large items to the transfer stop or dump on your own. Which has a dumpster rented from your local crap hauling organization, though, you'll be able to dispose of nearly anything you will need to.
It is no extended difficult for you to fetch the trash cans the top suit your requirements. Dumpster rentals are usually priced depending on the tonnage of trash, period of rental and also size of dumpsters You will end up over overwhelmed by further charges in terms of multiple outings to dispose ones trash in the event you hire a tiny size dumpster. You're paying for the free space in the event you hire a big size dumpster. A lot of the 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Luna, NM companies on the market put a conclusion to this problem if you rent then different sizes of dumpster according to ones customized requirements.
Renting the dumpster can be a life saver when you have an important project on-going at home. These types of rentals are ideal for trash elimination, furniture discretion, and crap hauling, among other things. However, it is vital to remember that leasing a dumpster won't automatically signify your dumpster professional will be on the floor to move the trash into the container for you. You should definitely know exactly what is actually included beforehand when you rent the dumpster so that you do not run into almost any surprises along the route.
Good, you have chosen to rent the dumpster to clear the plenty of trash piled-up at your work location. You have to know the type and also size of dumpster in which best fits your needs before you go ahead of time with the rental approach. Roll away dumpster should be your option if you are looking available to dump huge tons of trash in the important commercial and residential assignments. Before you place a purchase for the move off trash bin, it is very important for you to understand the dimensions of your garbage container so you accommodate the necessary place to position the dumpster at your venture location. If you are running a home remodeling, commercial venture or business clean up, the area you support for the garbage jar should be double the size of its height and also width.
At first you may want to test to have a rummage purchase. Make the costs on the items very low so you're able to just eliminate. Do not try to make money at your rummage purchase, you are having it to remove things. Marketing and advertising to sell ones items for cheap to someone that are able to use them as well as fix these than to simply just throw these in the dumpster and also end up at the junkyard.


text:
People on the Move This Month | PCMA
People on the Move This Month
Adriana Molina
Teneo Hospitality Group has appointed Adriana Molina as vice president of association sales. She will be based in Teneo's Washington, D.C., offices. A member of PCMA, she has worked in both hotel sales and conference planning. She spent 25 years at Starwood Hotels and Resorts, and for the last eight years, led its global sales office in Washington, D.C.
Blaire Zahn and Liz Navarette
Visit Plano has announced the promotion of two staff members. Blaire Zahn, former convention services coordinator, will now serve as SMERF (social, military, educational, religious and fraternal) and government sales manager. In her new role, Zahn will book SMERF and government conventions, meetings, and events, as well as secure hotel room nights. She joined Visit Plano in December 2016 after working as tourism director at Mineral Wells Convention & Visitors Bureau.
Liz Navarette, previously an intern, has been promoted to the position of convention services coordinator. She will manage logistics, arrangements, and services for Visit Plano clients once they have booked an event. Navarette will also help meeting planners coordinate events in Visit Plano's targeted market segments.
Ross Hosking
Ross Hosking has been named vice president of sales and distribution for Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group. He will be responsible for driving profitable commercial revenue growth across all brands, and will specifically oversee sales activities in the Americas. Hosking most recently worked as president of Meetings.com, which he helped launch. Before that, he spent six years with Wyndham Hotel Group as executive vice president of global sales.
See more from the week of November 6.
Vicky Betzig
Vicky Betzig, CMP, has relaunched Meetings Industry Consulting (MIC), the company she founded in 2005, with a new focus on training, consulting, and event management. She is a former director of meetings & events for PCMA, and most recently was director of client services at Visit Anaheim.
Michele Vennard
Michele Vennard has announced she will be exiting her role as president and CEO of the Albany County Convention and Visitors Bureau in late spring 2018. She has spent more than 30 years in New York's travel and tourism industry. She first joined the Albany County Convention and Visitors Bureau in 1981 when she was appointed its first tourism director.
Bob Korin
Teneo Hospitality Group has appointed Bob Korin as director of sales. He will join the company's Northeast team. Korin has spent the majority of his career with Marriott International, where he held several leadership positions in conference center management, national sales, and strategic account management. Most recently, he spent nine years as director of national accounts for Hilton Hawaii.
See more from the week of October 30.
Claudia Vecchio
Claudia Vecchio has been named CEO of Sonoma County Tourism. She will succeed Ken Fischang on Nov. 1. Vecchio has served as head of the Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs since 2011.
InProduction, an event services industry company, has appointed Tim Miller as director of business development. Miller will lead the expansion of InProduction's products and services into the marketplace. He will also be responsible for leading the marketing and communications team. Miller has spent more than two decades in the sports and entertainment industries. He has held leadership roles in the development and production of multiple events, including the 2015 UCI Road World Championships in Richmond, Virginia.
Emilio Gomez has been tapped as director of sales and marketing for the Sheraton Dallas Hotel. He takes his new position with more than 15 years of hotel sales and marketing experience. Most recently, Gomez served as the dual-property director of group sales for San Antonio Rivercenter Marriott & San Antonio Riverwalk Marriott.


text:
Reading: Chocolate is a Migraine-Provoking Agent
Chocolate is a Migraine-Provoking Agent
Patients with migraine who believe that chocolate could provoke their attacks were challenged with either chocolate or a closely matching placebo in a double-blind parallel group study at the Princess Margaret Migraine Clinic, Charing Cross Hospital, London, England.
Keywords: Chocolate, Migraine, Catechin
How to Cite: Millichap, J.G., 1991. Chocolate is a Migraine-Provoking Agent. Pediatric Neurology Briefs, 5(7), pp.54–55. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8
Patients with migraine who believe that chocolate could provoke their attacks were challenged with either chocolate or a closely matching placebo in a double-blind parallel group study at the Princess Margaret Migraine Clinic, Charing Cross Hospital, London, England. The placebo contained no cocoa butter or cocoa powder and the carob powder used in the placebo was also added to the chocolate and successfully disguised by the use of a peppermint-masking flavor. The two groups of patients, all adults, were matched for age and sex and all were drug-free for at least 48 hours prior to investigation. Chocolate ingestion (40 gram bar) was followed by a typical migraine episode in 5 out of 12 patients, while none of the 8 patients challenged with placebo had an attack (P=.051). The median time interval to onset of symptoms following chocolate consumption was 22 hours (range 3.5-27 hours). [1]
COMMENT. In a double-blind challenge study in children referred with severe headache, 82 of 99 patients responded to an oligoantigenic diet [2]. Relapses occurred in 74 on the introduction of one or more food stuffs, with chocolate provoking attacks in 30%. Methyl-zanthine, theobromine and phenolic compounds including catechin are some pharmacologically active compounds found in relatively large amounts in chocolate. The relevant chemical agent responsible for initiating a migraine attack requires to be elucidated. My own clinical experience in children suggests that chocolate is a common precipitating factor in migraine susceptible patients. The effects of eliminating chocolate and caffeine containing drinks should be investigated before long-term drug treatment is considered.
Gibb, C.M, Rose, F.C, Davies, PT, Glover, V, Steiner, TJ and Sandler, M (1991). Chocolate is a migraine-provoking agent. Cephalalgia May 199111(2): 93–95, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1991.1102093.x [PubMed]
Egger, J, Carter, CM, Wilson, J, Turner, MW and Soothill, JF (1983). Is migraine food allergy? A double-blind controlled trial of oligoantigenic diet treatment. Lancet Oct 19832(8355): 865–869, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(83)90866-8 [PubMed]
Millichap, J.G., 1991. Chocolate is a Migraine-Provoking Agent. Pediatric Neurology Briefs, 5(7), pp.54–55. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8
Millichap JG. Chocolate is a Migraine-Provoking Agent. Pediatric Neurology Briefs. 1991;5(7):54–5. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8
Millichap, J. G. (1991). Chocolate is a Migraine-Provoking Agent. Pediatric Neurology Briefs, 5(7), 54–55. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8
1. Millichap JG. Chocolate is a Migraine-Provoking Agent. Pediatric Neurology Briefs. 1991;5(7):54-55. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8
Millichap JG, 'Chocolate Is a Migraine-provoking Agent' (1991) 5 Pediatric Neurology Briefs 54 DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8
Millichap, J Gordon. 1991. "Chocolate Is a Migraine-provoking Agent". Pediatric Neurology Briefs 5 (7): 54–55. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8
Millichap, J Gordon. "Chocolate Is a Migraine-provoking Agent". Pediatric Neurology Briefs 5, no. 7 (1991): 54–55. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8
Millichap, J G. "Chocolate is a Migraine-Provoking Agent". Pediatric Neurology Briefs, vol. 5, no. 7, 1991, pp. 54–55. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-5-7-8


text:
Centrodora orchelimumis är en stekelart som först beskrevs av Charles Joseph Gahan 1932.  Centrodora orchelimumis ingår i släktet Centrodora och familjen växtlussteklar. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Växtlussteklar
orchelimumis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
British Fashion Council Lends Support to Second Referendum After Brexit Deal Flops
By Sarah Kent January 15, 2019 19:57
UK fashion sector fears disruptions to key imports and losing access to international talent if the UK fails to reach a deal to soften the country's exit from the European Union.
British Prime Minister Theresa May speaks at a press conference | Source: Shutterstock
UK Parliament votes down Brexit deal in stinging defeat for Prime Minister
British Fashion Council throws its weight behind a public vote on the final Brexit deal
Harrods says building Spring Summer stock to manage Brexit uncertainty
Prime Minister Theresa May to face no confidence vote, vows to bring new deal
LONDON, United Kingdom — The British Fashion Council is pushing for a second referendum on the UK's departure from the European Union, following on from a stinging defeat of Theresa May's Brexit deal in parliament Tuesday.
In an uncharacteristically strong statement issued after the results of the vote were announced, the industry body announced its support for a so-called "people's vote." The BFC has repeatedly highlighted the negative impact Brexit — and particularly a no-deal Brexit — could have on the sector.
The announcement comes after parliament definitively voted down Prime Minister Theresa May's proposed deal for the country to leave the European Union, raising uncomfortable questions for the country's roughly £30 billion ($38 billion) fashion industry.
The deal, which would have laid out the terms of Britain's divorce from the bloc, was defeated by a resounding 230 votes — an unprecedented loss.
The defeat prolongs uncertainty that has hung over the UK economy since the country voted to leave the European Union in a referendum two and a half years ago. The UK is due to leave the EU on March 29, with or without a deal.
The fashion sector, which relies heavily on imported materials and international talent, is particularly vulnerable to Brexit-related headwinds. Prominent members of the UK fashion establishment have vocally opposed the country's separation from the EU. According to industry advocates Fashion Roundtable, 96 percent of the sector within the UK voted to remain.
In the aftermath of the vote, luxury British retailer Harrods said it is increasing the stock it's bringing in for the Spring/ Summer season to protect more exposed areas of its business ahead of the March Brexit deadline.
"The British luxury industry is profoundly impacted by the lack of clarity from the government on our future relationship with the EU," said Harrods managing director Michael Ward. "This continuing uncertainty ... is impacting the ability of businesses to plan for any form of Brexit outcome, a situation which becomes more dangerous as we approach March 29th and the prospect of a no-deal.
The uncertainty comes at a tough time for the UK's retail sector. It's already contending with higher prices because of the dampening impact of Brexit uncertainty on the value of the pound, as well as the broader challenges facing the global retail market.
We cannot emphasise strongly enough that a no-deal Brexit is a scenario that should be avoided at all costs.
The industry has suffered a mixed holiday season, with online competition continuing to challenge traditional retailers, but even hot internet-based companies have struggled in the UK. Asos issued a profit warning in December that sent its shares tumbling, and Boohoo Group fell around 9 percent Tuesday after its increase in full-year growth forecasts missed investor expectations.
The risks surrounding Brexit are only compounding these challenges.
"After two years of not knowing what the outcome might be, we still today are unsure of what might happen," said Tamara Cincik, founder and chief executive of Fashion Roundtable. "Combine this with the issues to bricks and mortar retail and you have a perfect storm."
For the industry, the main areas of concern are the impact leaving the European Union could have on trade, investment and access to skilled international workers. So far, the impact of Tuesday's vote on the British currency has been muted, with the pound broadly steady against the US dollar.
The worst scenario for the fashion industry would be that the UK crashes out of the European Union with no deal at all. That would likely mean sharply higher import costs and could potentially lead to labour shortages and goods stuck outside ports of entry on both sides of the border, as freedom of movement and trade guaranteed by EU membership could be abruptly suspended. Any further devaluation of the British pound — already down over 10 percent since the referendum — and additional economic uncertainty would also likely have a negative impact on consumer spending.
"We cannot emphasise strongly enough that a no-deal Brexit is a scenario that should be avoided at all costs," said Caroline Rush, chief executive of the BFC after the results of the vote were announced. "The ongoing uncertainty and confusion that a no deal creates will have a negative impact on our industry, where investment is already impacted from the uncertainty being faced."
Some brands have already begun to prepare for the worst, quietly renting EU warehouses and building stockpiles of summer styles in the UK earlier than usual — measures that would mitigate the impact of higher tariffs and potential port delays in the event of a "hard" Brexit.
British designer Katharine Hamnett, known for her politically-charged slogan T-shirts, has created a series of "Cancel Brexit" T-shirts and is already a vocal supporter of a second referendum. In the Brexit debate, "everything" is at stake for the sector, she said Tuesday.
That's still not necessarily how things will play out, but the scale of the Prime Minister's defeat Tuesday has created even greater uncertainty around the future of Brexit.
In the wake of the vote, the leader of the opposition Labour party, Jeremy Corbyn, has tabled a vote of no confidence in the government. The Prime Minister is expected to retain enough support in parliament to win the confidence vote, and has vowed to press on with efforts to secure an orderly Brexit.
Still, the lack of consensus around a possible deal opens the way for members of parliament to bring more wildcard scenarios into play. That could include a push for a very different Brexit deal, possibly more along the lines of the Norwegian model, allowing the UK to retain access to the EU's single market and freedom of movement.
While still an outlier, the industry seems to be coalescing around a push for a second chance to vote on Brexit. The "people's vote" is "the preferred current option to minimise the impact to the industry based on there being no valid deal on the table," Rush said.
Theresa May Fails to Grasp How Dire Brexit Will Be for Fashion
Despite Looming Brexit, Luxury Brands Bet on London Retail
As Brexit Looms, Katharine Hamnett and Shahmir Sanni Speak on What's Next for Britain


Any input shall be gratefully appreciated.
Mensaje: Do not know which tablet to choose? Every person needs a tablet pc for specific needs. Someone needs to play games and watch movies, other needs to read books and work in Internet.
We can help you with the choice of a tablet pc for any needs and requests. We are professionally engaged in reviews of tablets.
Mensaje: The virtual identification card or trademark is intended to represent your organization and become a mouthpiece or speak for you about your firm and its own dealings. It works a lot more like a mediator in the middle of your firm and the outer world comprising clients. A design that is actually impressive wouldn't only fetch better work at home opportunities but at exactly the same time would compel investors to exhibit curiosity about making investment. Years could get into building goodwill and reputation on the market and branding process may eat up a lot of time. But a great logo might make the procedure comfortable and results might be seen quickly. The same as clothing fashion changes as time passes, similarly the look of trademark may as well require undergoing a drastic change for the greater of the firm.
It may be said that re branding is really a phase that's inevitable and regardless of how big your company, you may have to endure the process just for good. There might be multiple reasons due to which a company might face this type of time where rebranding becomes nearly important. For example, in the event that you enjoy partnership or develop an initiative together with several other company then at that time you might have to undergo this process. Probably when you choose to revamp the logo, you can wthhold the original base and create a few changes or additions to lend some newness to the pattern. Sometimes there is a saturation point that the firm may witness where in fact the in-effect pattern may not be able to truly have a good impact upon customers so a makeover of the look will be needed. Lots of examples have already been seen where after having revamped the appearance of symbol, improved response has been seen by corporate houses. Markets also get transformed as time passes therefore the design that maybe working wonders now for a business is probably not as effective in future. Finally, it may be said that after re-designing your trademark, go as an opportunity to rectify errors that was made earlier in the day and develop something which proves as a boon for the business. For creating logo, there are numerous logo maker computer software available.
Mensaje: Whenever you watch or pay attention to a streaming media file on the web, most of the time this content is going to be stored to a temporary folder on your pc. With DownloadHelper, you are able to save yourself streaming media to your pc permanently and revel in this content whenever it's convenient for you personally. But if you do not want DownloadHelper to truly save AVI (Audio Video Interleave) files within their original format, you are able to configure the application's conversion settings to truly save all your content within an alternative video format.
Launch your online browser. Right-click on the DownloadHelper button in the browser's toolbar. Click the "Preferences" option in DownloadHelper's context menu.
Click the "Conversion" tab in the Preferences menu. Always check the "Conversion Enabled" box, if the possibility isn't already selected. Click the "Install/Update" converter option, whether it's present -- DownloadHelper's conversion computer software is going to be installed.
Click the "Configure Conversion Rules" button, after which click the "New Rule" button in the Conversion Rules menu.
Select "AVI" from the "Files with Extension" menu box. Choose the alternative output format for the AVI files, from the Conversion Rules menu's "Output" menu box. Click "OK" to use your changes, after which close the Conversion Rules and Preferences menus.
Mensaje: So as to work with a Belkin Wireless G-plus Mimo USB adapter, you have to install the hardware driver and the program incorporated with the adapter. It must then be configured to utilize the wireless network of one's choice. The Belkin Wireless G-plus Mimo operates at 54 mbps when operating on 802. 11g and 11 mbps when operating on 802. 11b, both which are supported. Mimo provides the adapter greater range than regular wireless G adapters.
Installing the program and the hardware driver Insert the adapter's installation CD to the disk drive of one's computer. An installation menu will appear. Click "next" to begin the program installation, then click "next" again to set up the program in the recommended destination folder. Click the option for "No, I shall restart my computer later, " then click "finish. " If an XP logo warning appears, click "continue anyway. " Connect the wireless adapter to an open USB port on the pc. The "found new hardware wizard" will appear on the screen. Click the option for "install the program automatically, " then click "next. " Click "finish" when the files are done copying, then restart your pc. Configuring the adapter Double-click on the "Belkin Wireless Networking Utility" icon on the desktop. Alternatively, double-click on the wireless networking utility icon in the machine tray located at the end right of one's desktop. Double-click on the SSID (network name) of the wireless network you want to connect with from the listing of available networks shown in the underside window of the wireless networking utility. Enter the wireless security key for the wireless network you want to connect with, then press "connect. ".


text:
UN General Assembly Resolutions: Resolution 999
(November 4, 1956)
In spite of Resolution 997 calling for a cease-fire and the withdrawal of forces, fighting went on. By 4 November, most of Sinai was in Israeli hands. The General Assembly then passed two Resolutions. The first, 998 (ES-I), called upon the Secretary-General to submit within forty-eight hours a plan for setting up an emergency United Nations force; the second, 999 (ES-I), reaffirmed Resolution 99Z This Resolution was passed with 59 votes for, 5 against and 12 abstentions.
The General Assembly,
Noting with regret that not all the parties concerned have yet agreed to comply with the provisions of its Resolution 997 (ES-I) of 2 November 1956,
Noting the special priority given in that Resolution to an immediate cease-fire and, as part thereof, to the halting of the movement of military forces and arms into the area,
Noting further that the Resolution urged the parties to the armistice agreements promptly to withdraw all forces behind the armistice lines, to desist from raids across the armistice lines into neighbouring territory, and to observe scrupulously the provisions of the armistice agreements,
1. Reaffirms its Resolution 997 (ES-I), and once again calls upon the parties immediately to comply with the provisions of the said Resolution;
2. Authorizes the Secretary-General immediately to arrange with the parties concerned for the implementation of the cease-fire and the halting of the movement of military forces and arms into the area, and requests him to report compliance forthwith and, in any case, not later than twelve hours from the time of adoption of the present Resolution;
3. Requests the Secretary-General, with the assistance of the Chief of Staff and the members of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization, to obtain compliance of the withdrawal of all forces behind the armistice lines;
4. Decides to meet again immediately on receipt of the Secretary-General's report referred to in paragraph 2 of the present Resolution.


text:
La presa hidroeléctrica de Itaipú (del idioma guaraní: "piedra que suena") está situada entre Paraguay y Brasil, sobre el río Paraná, en la frontera entre estos dos países, en la ciudad de Hernandarias y a 14 km al norte del Puente de la Amistad. El área implicada en el proyecto se extiende desde Foz do Iguaçu (Brasil) y Ciudad del Este (Paraguay) al sur y hasta Guaíra (Brasil) y Salto del Guairá (Paraguay) al norte.

Itaipú ha sido por mucho tiempo la Central hidroeléctrica más grande del mundo, hasta 2011 cuando fue superado por la Presa de las Tres Gargantas en China. Sin embargo, sigue siendo actualmente la central hidroeléctrica con la más alta producción de energía eléctrica del mundo. Es la central hidroeléctrica más grande de los hemisferios Sur y Occidental.

Itaipú Binacional ostenta el título de "mayor productora de energía del planeta" con  producidos en el 2015. También es la represa de mayor producción acumulada, con 2,5 mil millones de MWh desde el inicio de la operación. La represa de Itaipú tiene una potencia de generación electrohidráulica instalada de 14 000 MW, con 20 turbinas generadoras de 700 MW y su construcción demandó un costo de 36 mil millones de dólares para los dos países socios.

Su murallón, hecho de hormigón, roca y tierra, se emplaza a 14 km al norte del Puente de la Amistad, lindando con la ciudad paraguaya de Hernandarias, en el Departamento Alto Paraná en su margen occidental, y con Foz do Iguaçu, en el estado de Paraná, Brasil, por su margen oriental; asimismo, está 16,2 km al norte del puente que une la ciudad de Foz do Iguaçu con la ciudad argentina de Puerto Iguazú. Posee un desnivel de 120 m de caída bruta.

El área implicada en el proyecto se extiende desde Foz do Iguaçu, en el Brasil, y Ciudad del Este, en el Paraguay, por el sur, hasta Guaíra (Brasil) y Salto del Guairá (Paraguay), por el norte. Esta represa crea un embalse (lago artificial) de unos 29 000 hm³ de agua, con unos 200 km de extensión en línea recta, y un área aproximada de 1400 km². Al construirse dejó extintos los Saltos del Guairá pero cuando el nivel baja pueden verse una parte de estas cascadas, que eran las más grandes del río Paraná.

La energía generada por Itaipú destinada a Brasil es administrada por la empresa ENBPar, y la energía destinada a Paraguay por la Administración Nacional de Electricidad (ANDE).

Historia

Antecedentes
La represa de Itaipú es el resultado de una maniobra diplomática para evitar un conflicto bélico entre Paraguay y Brasil por una cuestión limítrofe. El problema fronterizo tuvo su génesis en el Tratado de Loizaga - Cotegipe, que establecía la paz y las nuevas fronteras entre Paraguay y Brasil tras la Guerra contra la Triple Alianza que fue firmado el 9 de enero de 1872 en Asunción.

En dicho tratado - muy favorable para el Imperio de Brasil y absolutamente negativo para la República del Paraguay - se despojaba a esta última de los extensos territorios comprendidos entre el río Blanco y el río Apa. Las fronteras se establecieron en el tratado en forma imperfecta, al definirse los límites entre ambos países desde la desembocadura del río Iguazú hasta los extintos Saltos del Guaira.

Dicho instrumento jurídico se firmó en un Paraguay diezmado, saqueado y ocupado por fuerzas militares brasileñas, lo que a decir verdad, hubiese proyectado una imagen muy negativa de Brasil en el plano internacional. El tratado, en su artículo 2 estipula que los límites serían ajustados y definidos en Tratado Especial. Decía: "El territorio del Imperio del Brasil se divide con el de la República del Paraguay por el (…) canal del Río Paraná, desde donde comienzan las posesiones brasileñas en la boca del Yguazú hasta el Salto Grande de las Siete Caídas (Saltos del Guaira) del mismo Río Paraná. Del Salto Grande de las Siete Caídas continua la línea divisoria por la cumbre de la Sierra de Mbaracayú hasta donde ella concluye". Entonces Paraguay, ciñéndose a un tratado que le fue impuesto por la fuerza, sostuvo la línea divisoria por la cumbre del Mbaracayu como límite entre él y Brasil. Dicha línea divisoria jamás fue demarcada sobre el terreno, en el trecho de aproximadamente 20 kilómetros, entre el hito 341/IV y los Saltos del Guairá. Para cumplir con dicho cometido se creó, ese mismo año, una Comisión Mixta Demarcadora de Límites, que trabajó hasta 1874, con métodos precarios y que no pudo concluir sus trabajos. Comenzaron su labor desde la confluencia del río Paraguay y el río Apa y el último hito colocado quedó a 135 kilómetros de los Saltos del Guairá.

En el año 1965, Brasil ocupó militarmente la zona de los saltos. Los límites con Paraguay estaban establecidos, pero no demarcados, pues como se explicó anteriormente, la demarcación no estaba concluida. Militares brasileños ocuparon Puerto Renato, que estaba en territorio paraguayo pero en litigio desde la Guerra contra la Triple Alianza. Tras la crisis diplomática y ante el espectro de un posible enfrentamiento militar, Estados Unidos intervino como mediador haciendo que Brasil y Paraguay firmen el Acta de Iguazú, por el que se creaba una comisión mixta paraguayo-brasileña para estudiar el posible aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico del río Paraná y que prometía precio justo y adquisición preferencial de la energía eléctrica producida, algo que se borró en el Tratado de Itaipú. El 22 de junio de 1966, el ministro de Relaciones Exteriores del Brasil (Juracy Magalhães) y el de Paraguay (Raúl Sapena Pastor), firmaron el acta. El represamiento de las aguas del Paraná para la formación del embalse de la central hidroeléctrica, inundó un total de 1.350 km² en los cuales se encontraban los Saltos del Guaira, que quedaron completamente hundidos en solo 14 días, extinguiéndose así una de las maravillas naturales del mundo.

La Construcción de Itaipú

En 1970 el consorcio formado por las empresas Industrial Electric Company (IECO) de los Estados Unidos y ELC Electroconsult S.p.A. de Italia ganaron el concurso internacional para la realización de los estudios de probabilidades y para la elaboración del proyecto de la obra. El inicio del trabajo se dio en febrero de 1971. El 26 de abril de 1973, Brasil y Paraguay firmaron el Tratado de Itaipú, instrumento legal para el aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico del río Paraná por los dos países. El 17 de mayo de 1974, fue creada la Entidad Binacional Itaipú, para la administración de la construcción de la represa. El inicio efectivo de las obras ocurrió en enero del año siguiente.

El 14 de octubre de 1978, tras represar provisoriamente las aguas del Paraná mediante ataguías, fue abierto el canal de desvío del río Paraná, que permitió secar el trecho del lecho original del río para poder ahí construir la represa principal, en hormigón.

Otro marco importante, en lo que respecta a la diplomacia, fue la firma del Acuerdo Tripartito entre Brasil, Paraguay y Argentina, el 19 de octubre de 1979, para el aprovechamiento de recursos hidroeléctricos en el trecho del río Paraná desde los Saltos del Guairá (que desaparecieron con la formación del embalse) hasta el estuario del Río de la Plata. Este acuerdo estableció los niveles del río y las variaciones permitidas para los diferentes emprendimientos hidroeléctricos para los tres países. En aquella época en la que los tres países eran gobernados por dictaduras militares, había temor en Argentina de que en un eventual conflicto con Brasil se abriesen las compuertas de Itaipú, inundando sus ciudades ribereñas ubicadas aguas abajo de la presa.

Las áreas silvestres protegidas de Itaipú comenzaron a ser creadas en 1982, cuando fueron concluidas las primeras obras de la represa y las compuertas del canal de desvío fueron cerradas. En ese tiempo las aguas subieron 100 m y llegaron a las compuertas del viaducto, a las 10.00 del 27 de octubre, debido a las fuertes e incesantes lluvias ocurridas en aquella época.

El 5 de mayo de 1984, entró en operación la primera turbina de Itaipú a manera de prueba, para finalmente en 1985 empezar a producir comercialmente. Se prosiguió con la instalación al ritmo de dos a tres por año.

La represa, de 7919 m, está hecha de hormigón, roca y tierra.

 Existen 20 unidades generadoras, estando diez en la frecuencia la red eléctrica paraguaya (50 Hz) y diez en la frecuencia de la red eléctrica brasileña (60 Hz).
 Las unidades de 50 Hz tienen una potencia nominal de 823,6 MVA, factor de potencia de 0,85 y peso de 3343 t.
 Las unidades de 60 Hz tienen potencia nominal de 737,0 MVA, factor de potencia de 0,95 y peso de 3242 t
 Todas las unidades tienen tensión nominal de 18 kV.
 Las turbinas U07 son del tipo turbina Francis, con potencia nominal de 715 MW y caudal nominal de 645 m³/s

Subestación
La subestación de la represa está aislada por el gas hexafluoruro de azufre (SF6), que permite una gran compactación del proyecto. Para cada grupo generador existe un banco de transformadores monofásicos, elevando la tensión de 18 kV a 500 kV.

Sistema de transmisión
Salida de la represa

 Itaipú - SE Foz do Iguaçu: 4 líneas de transmisión de 500 kV transmiten toda la energía del sector de 60 Hz, con 8 km de extensión. La subestación de Foz do Iguaçu eleva la tensión a 750 kV.
 Itaipú - SE Margen derecha: 2 líneas de transmisión de 500 kV, 2 km.
 SE margen derecha - Foz do Iguaçu: 2 líneas de transmisión de 500 kV, 9 km. Transmite la reventa del Paraguay al Brasil.
 Itaipu - SE Foz do Iguaçu: 2 líneas de transmisión de 500 kV, 11 km. Transmite directamente parte del sector de 50 Hz al Brasil.

Subestación Foz do Iguaçu

Perteneciente a Furnas, está dividida en dos sectores:

 El patio de corriente alterna, que recibe la energía en 60 Hz y la eleva a 750 kV, saliendo tres líneas de transmisión. Es el nivel de tensión más elevado de Brasil.
 El patio de corriente continua, que recibe la energía en 50 Hz. Debido a la incompatibilidad entre las frecuencias, y las ventajas de la transmisión en grandes distancias, la energía es convertida a través de circuitos rectificadores para ±600 kV es transmitida por dos líneas hasta Ibiúna (En el estado de São Paulo, Brasil). En Ibiúna la energía es convertida a 60 Hz, conectándose al sistema de la Región Sudeste de Brasil.

Producción de energía
A inicios de 2007 la represa amplió su capacidad instalada de 12 600 MW a 14 000, con la puesta en funcionamiento de las dos últimas unidades generadoras 9A y 18A, completando el proyecto original de 20 turbinas.

Itaipú produce en promedio 90 millones de megavatios-hora (MWh) por año, aunque con el aumento de la capacidad y en condiciones favorables del río Paraná (la hidrología y el consumo en Brasil, principalmente durante los fines de semana y festivos, días en que actualmente se produce una caída muy grande) se puede llegar a incrementar esa cantidad.

El aumento de la capacidad permite que 18 de las 20 turbinas instaladas funcionen constantemente, mientras 2 permanecen en mantenimiento.

En 2008, la represa de Itaipú alcanzó un nuevo récord histórico de producción de energía, con la generación de 94 684 781 MWh. El récord anterior era en el 2000, cuando Itaipú generó 93 427 598 MWh. La ventaja que posee Itaipú es el gran volumen de agua todo el año.

La energía producida por Itaipú en el 2016 sería suficiente para abastecer el consumo de electricidad de todo el mundo durante dos días; o para satisfacer por más un año un país como la Argentina, y a Paraguay para abastecerlo durante doce años. Por otra parte, durante un año podría satisfacer el consumo de electricidad de veintitrés ciudades del tamaño de Curitiba.

En el 2013, la represa alcanzó el récord de producción anual, que fue de 98.630.035 MWh. El mismo fue superado por la Presa de las Tres Gargantas en el 2014, que produjo 98.800.000 MWh.

Sin embargo, el 31 de diciembre de 2016 se llegó a un nuevo récord mundial de producción de energía: 103.098.366 MWh. Esta producción supera a la de la Presa de las Tres Gargantas sobre el río Yangtsé en China.

Compensaciones financieras

En los 170 km de extensión, entre Foz do Iguaçu y Guaíra, la Reserva de Itaipú se extiende por 16 municipios de Brasil, de los cuales 15 están en el estado de Paraná y uno en el de Mato Grosso do Sul. Itaipú paga como compensación a estos municipios, proporcionalmente al área de tierra inundada. También reciben compensaciones los gobiernos de estos dos estados y diversos órganos federales. En cuanto a Paraguay, la compensación la recibe íntegramente el Estado.

Con base en la llamada «Ley de los Royalties», promulgada en 1991, Itaipú ha pagado hasta hoy más de 3.776 millones de dólares en royalties, de los cuales cerca de 75% fueron pagados en el estado de Paraná, (a partes iguales entre el gobierno del Estado y los municipios).

El embalse de la represa inundó diversas propiedades de habitantes del extremo oeste del estado brasileño de Paraná. Las indemnizaciones no fueron suficientes para que los agricultores compraran tierras nuevas en el Brasil. Siendo las tierras más económicas en el Paraguay, miles de ellos emigraron para ese país, creando el fenómeno social conocido como "brasiguayos" – brasileños con sus familias que residen en tierras paraguayas en la frontera con el Brasil.

Reconocimientos
En 1995 la Represa Hidroeléctrica de Itaipú formó parte de una lista de las Siete Maravillas del Mundo moderno, que elaboró la revista Popular Mechanics, de Estados Unidos. Esta lista fue hecha a base de una investigación realizada por la American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) en 1994 entre ingenieros de los más diversos países.

Además de Itaipú, son parte de la lista: el Puente Golden Gate (EE. UU.); el Canal de Panamá, que une el Océano Atlántico con el Pacífico; el Eurotúnel, que une Francia e Inglaterra en el Canal de la Mancha; los Proyectos del Mar del Norte para el Control de las Aguas (Países Bajos); el Edificio Empire State (EE. UU.); y la Torre de Canadian National (CN Tower) en Canadá.

Turismo

Las visitas turísticas a Itaipú comenzaron en 1977, cuando la central todavía estaba en el inicio de las obras. Desde entonces, ingresaron desde Brasil y Paraguay, más de 19 millones de visitantes oriundos de 188 países y territorios. Lamentablemente la visita desde Paraguay tiene un sistema de turnos estrictos, adjudicables por inscripción que si bien es un servicio gratuito, dificulta las visitas libres.
Para más información sobre el Complejo Turístico de Itaipú, se puede visitar https://cti.itaipu.gov.py/

Véase también
 Anexo:Centrales hidroeléctricas del mundo
 Itaipu (Glass), composición de Philip Glass

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Itaipú Binacional

Itaipu
Itaipu
Itaipu
Itaipu
Itaipu
Departamento de Alto Paraná
Represas del estado de Paraná
Frontera Brasil-Paraguay
Relaciones Brasil-Paraguay
Presas completadas en 1984
Brasil en 1984
ENBPar
Toponimia guaraní


text:
Q: Write each row of a dataframe as a text chunk and format all chunks in a text file with R I have a dataframe of experiment materials and would like to format it into an appendix text file. Each row in the dataframe represents one experiment item. Each column contains one aspect of the item. The dataframe looks like this:
df <- data.frame(Item = 1, Title = "Title of the pss", Passage = " Content of the passage", Question = "Is this statement correct?", Answer =  "Yes", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
item2 <- c(2, "Title 2", "Passage 2", "Question 2", "No")
df <- rbind(df, item2)
df

>
  Item            Title                 Passage                   Question   Answer
1    1 Title of the pss  Content of the passage Is this statement correct?      Yes
2    2          Title 2               Passage 2                 Question 2 Answer 2

I would like to write this dataframe into a text file in the following format:
Title: Title of the pss

Passage:
Content of the passage

Question:
Is this statement correct?

Answer:
Yes

Title: Title 2

Passage:
Passage 2

Question:
Question 2

Answer:
Answer 2

I would like to know

*

*How to write each row as a text chunk?

*How to format the text with R code?

I figured out how to do this with python in a roundabout way, but still like to know whether there is neat way to do it in R.
Many many thanks!

A: You can use the sprintf function in base R (see this post for more info). This allows you to define a template string and then substitute values in. See below for an example, from this you could just iterate through rows of the dataframe to get the full output you need.
template <- "Title: %s

Passage:
%s

Question:
%s

Answer:
%s"

df <- data.frame(Item = 1, Title = "Title of the pss", Passage = " Content of the passage", Question = "Is this statement correct?", Answer =  "Yes", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
item2 <- c(2, "Title 2", "Passage 2", "Question 2", "No")
df <- rbind(df, item2)
df

cat(sprintf(template, df[1, "Title"], df[1, "Passage"], df[1, "Question"], df[1, "Answer"]))

This gives the output
Title: Title of the pss

Passage:
 Content of the passage

Question:
Is this statement correct?

Answer:
Yes

Edit: To go further you could wrap the sprintf in a function that returns a list and then print that list like so:
chunk_fun <- function(df) {
    text = c()
    for(i in 1:nrow(df)) {
        text <- c(text, sprintf(template, df[i, "Title"], df[i, "Passage"], df[i, "Question"], df[i, "Answer"]))
    }
    return(text)
}
textx = chunk_fun(df)
cat(textx)

Output:
Title: Title of the pss

Passage:
Content of the passage

Question:
Is this statement correct?

Answer:
Yes
Title: Title 2

Passage:
Passage 2

Question:
Question 2

Answer:
No

A: 1) Convert to dcf format, add appropriate newlines and write it out.
library(magrittr)
fileout <- stdout() # replace with your file name

df %>%
  .[-1] %>%
  write.dcf(stdout()) %>%
  capture.output %>%
  sub("^(Passage|Question|Answer): (.*)", "\n\\1:\n\\2", .) %>%
  sub("^Title", "\nTitle", .) %>%
  writeLines(fileout)

giving:
Title: Title of the pss

Passage:
Content of the passage

Question:
Is this statement correct?

Answer:
Yes

Title: Title 2

Passage:
Passage 2

Question:
Question 2

Answer:
No

2) If you are open to using dcf format instead then it is just one line and also has the benefit that read.dcf can read it back in.
write.dcf(df[-1], fileout)   # fileout is from above

giving:
Title: Title of the pss
Passage: Content of the passage
Question: Is this statement correct?
Answer: Yes

Title: Title 2
Passage: Passage 2
Question: Question 2
Answer: No

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home › Parks | Reserves › Why Help? The Story of the Babblers
Why Help? The Story of the Babblers
1 yr streaming license College/Univ - $150.00 USD 3 yr streaming license College/Univ - $350.00 USD Colleges, Universities, Businesses, Gov't - $99.00 USD K-12 Schools, Public Libraries, & Non-Profits: - $49.00 USD
EDUCATIONAL DIGITAL DOWNLOAD: For self-hosted school servers $250 (Hebrew dubbed in English with burned in English subtitles, PURCHASE a download above).
Colleges/Universities, (includes Public Performance Rights) $99
K-12 Schools, Public Libraries, Nonprofits (includes PPRs) $49
WATCH NOW ON THESE PLATFORMS
The film explains the biological logic behind the altruism behavior, through the extraordinary research of Prof. Amotz Zahavi on cooperative breeding birds in the Israeli desert: the Arabian Babbler birds.
Produced and Directed by: Arnon Dattner
Photography by Yitzhak Ben Moha
27 Mins | 2015
Hebrew Language dubbed in English. English subtitles
Arabian babbler
The Arabian babbler (Turdoides squamiceps) is a passerine bird belonging to the genus Turdoides. It is a communally nesting resident bird of arid scrub in the Middle East which lives together in relatively stable groups with strict orders of rank.
Babblers dance and take baths together, offer each other gifts, clean themselves, and sometimes enter into conflict with each other for the privilege of helping another babbler. They may also feed their counterparts. This peculiar behaviour made them a privileged example for ethological theories concerning altruism among animals.
Starting in the 1970s, Amotz Zahavi observed the babbler at length, giving rise to his theory of signal and its correlative, the handicap principle. Although babblers were considered particularly altruistic animals, Zahavi reinterpreted their behaviours according to his theory. Thus, Zahavi (1974) theorized that chick feeding by Arabian babbler helpers acts as a signal by the helper to gain social prestige within the group.


Keeping abreast of all the latest developments and updates in computer programs is a challenge faced in every professional or office environment. Getting the most out of your computer software is a key component in workplace productivity and efficiency. Computer course training materials by Velsoft will help everyone stay up to speed. Whether it's upgrading to a new operating system, a new version of Microsoft Office or a completely new-to-you program, we have the course training materials you need. As always, all Velsoft products are fully customizable, so you can cover exactly the content you need and present it as your own brand.


text:
No demand for fake meat
YouGov Staff
Members of the YouGov staff.
Food & drink, Life, LOCAL
on February 22, 2018, 9 a.m.
Half the public 'would probably not eat' artificial meat grown in a laboratory – but men are more likely to try it
Much has been made of the advancements in lab-grown meat as a means of meeting the rising demand for meat products. Indeed, the industry has attracted support famous philanthropists such as Bill Gates and Richard Branson, who believe that cultivating such products can reduce the negative impacts to the environment, animal welfare and human health that arise as a result of conventional meat production.
New YouGov research reveals what the public really think about artificial meat. The research finds that some consumers see benefits from the technology, recognizing its potential to tackle the ethical and environmental problems meat production poses. The most widely-perceived advantages are that it prevents the killing of animals (36% believe this to be the case), it has the potential to end world hunger (35%) and it is less damaging to the environment than conventional meat production (30%).
However, the public do have some concerns, most notably about the potential side-effects of artificial meat. Three-fifths of consumers (59%) are worried about this, and 49% are concerned that it could be dangerous. Some also object to the fundamental principles behind its development; 57% worry that it's simply not natural and 44% are concerned that it's not real meat.
Men are more inclined to try artificial meat than women are
Half (55%) of Malaysian adults say they 'would probably not eat' artificial meat when asked to imagine it was available commercially. A quarter (25%) 'probably would eat' the meat, while a further 20% haven't made up their mind.
Men are considerably more likely to say they would eat fake meat than women. Three in ten (29%) men say they would be open to eating lab-grown meat; considerably more than the 19% of women who say the same.
Vietnamese consumers are the most open to eating artificial meat
Compared to the wider region, Malaysians are the least likely to say they would probably eat artificial meat (25% say they would). Vietnamese consumers are the most likely to say they would try it (52% say as much), followed by Thai (34%) and Indonesian (33%) consumers.
Commenting on the findings, YouGov's Head of Omnibus, Jake Gammon, said, "Pioneers of artificial meat have been working hard to drive production costs down to make such products more accessible to consumers. However, this research suggests that there is one final hurdle that manufacturers still need to tackle… consumer demand. Despite widespread exposure, consumers still appear sceptical about artificial meat. Unless they have their fears assuaged and are clearer on the potential benefits of such technology it will be an uphill struggle for producers ahead."
*Data was collected online by YouGov Omnibus between 5 and 12 December 2017 among 942 respondents in Malaysia. Results are representative of the adult population.
Photo source: Getty Image
大马家长对学校体罚有不同看法
Ibu bapa di Malaysia mempunyai pendapat yang berbeza tentang hukuman fizikal di sekolah-sekolah
Malaysian parents split on corporal punishment in schools
Half of social media users would let brands sponsor their photos


By now, it's getting more normal, depending on how normal is measured.
For Pierce Harrington, as of Sept. 25, there were only two other families living in his Lumberton, Texas, home. In the initial aftermath of Hurricane Harvey — which devastated not only Houston proper but also points like this farther east, particularly nearby Beaumont, Orange and Port Arthur — he had taken in three displaced families to join his own.
In relative terms, Lumberton had become, as Harrington describes it, an "island." Every major highway crisscrossing the Beaumont area in just about every direction was cut off by floodwaters.
Harvey might have been downgraded in meteorological terms by the time it got to Beaumont, its winds having relented, but it still had some 60 inches of rain to release here too. And that it did.
This is something at least some customers of Beaumont-based Cajun sausage maker DJ's Boudain took a while to comprehend when it came to why they weren't getting their orders; the company deals in fresh meat only and processes to order, and customers have been accustomed to quick service. So Harrington decided he had to construct a form email out of reality bricks. He's a businessman and knows who butters his bread, so it was more polite than to suggest they first try dusting off and turning on their TVs.
It wasn't even close to business as usual. Better yet, it wasn't business at all for a good week. For that long there was no going in or coming out of Beaumont.
The DJ's plant, which sits at dock level and is not in a flood plain (not that that mattered ), was spared any damage, and the company's fresh-only, made-to-order business model would have helped to mitigate that anyway. Inventory turns over every 36 hours here, meaning the risk of spoilage is low. Nonetheless, a backup reefer truck was on standby with a generator should product need a new home. Meanwhile, computers monitoring the plant's coolers could notify management of temperature changes and/or power failure.
DJ's was, like its brethren in Houston, playing it safe, putting its employees' safety first. Like Wayne Butler, CEO of Chung's Gourmet Foods in downtown Houston, Harrington notes that the storm was well publicized, and his company prepared accordingly. When Harvey first hit Houston on Aug. 25, management closed DJ's plant in Beaumont and sent their 35 employees to their homes, which are scattered throughout the region.
On Tuesday, Aug. 28, while residents in Houston were beginning to see some light, Harvey was on top of Beaumont, and that's when the flooding began in earnest. Harrington was in Beaumont that day to check up on DJ's processing plant and to visit an employee in the hospital after a non-storm-related car accident. Afterward he headed home, north about 15 miles to the bedroom community of Lumberton. He barely made it out of Beaumont.
"We were on an island on the better part of four or five days."
Not only was Highway 287, which is a section of Highway 96, shut down due to flooding, but so too were Highway 90 and Interstate 10 east and west of Beaumont. Low-lying areas, of course, were flooding fast, and anyone near the Neches and Sabine rivers was in double trouble because authorities had to open the spillways of the dam. Eighty percent of homes in Port Arthur, cradled by the Neches River and Sabine Lake about 20 miles southeast of Beaumont, would see water damage.
"As a result of all this, once I made it to Lumberton we were on an island on the better part of four or five days," Harrington says.
Soon Harrington's own household of five turned into 13, as Harrington and his wife took in three other families. As of Sept. 25, one family had since moved on. But two families, one of which had 6 feet of water standing in their home, remained. DJ's owner, Linda Morris, also took in two families. This type of living arrangement has become protocol in Southeast Texas.
All of DJ's staff survived the storm, though five of them suffered major damage to their homes. Just after Labor Day, Sept. 4, they were able to get back to see "what remained of their houses." Fellow employees teamed up for at least the ensuing three days to help each other clean out the houses, otherwise known as ripping out everything down to the studs. This sticky climate has all the right ingredients for rapid mold infestation.
"I know of no one whose family members or friends were not impacted," Harrington says.
The DJ's plant's topographical advantages prevented any physical damage and the power stayed on, but the business was not in the clear.
With rain and flooding having continued on Wednesday, Aug. 30, and Thursday, Aug. 31, the city of Beaumont issued a boil-water notice on Friday, Sept. 1. The city's fresh water pumps succumbed to floodwaters, so the plant had no water — nothing to drink, nothing to flush, and nothing with which to cook its boudain, boudain balls and Cajun rice dressing.
"That's when things started to become worrisome," Harrington recalls, noting that soon planes were flying into Jefferson County Airport with bottled water for the entrapped souls in the Beaumont area.
On Labor Day, Sept. 4, having discovered that the company again could secure fresh product, DJ's forged ahead, deciding to pay for water tanks and pumps that would allow it to go through its typical 6,000 gallons a day. It wasn't easy, particularly when potable water was at a premium. Priority was going to larger water consumers like St. Elizabeth Hospital and Baptist Hospital, which goes through an estimated 120,000 gallons per day, and dialysis centers. "You're scrambling to find someone to carry your water and finding a source for the water and bringing it back to refill those tanks twice a day while you're cooking," Harrington says.
Pierce Harrington, CEO of boudain processor DJ's Boudain in Beaumont, Texas, describes taking in three displaced families and waiting out the storm with them.
The plant began with its rather triage cooking operations on Thursday, Sept. 7, and continued to do so until 3 p.m. on Saturday, Sept. 9, when the city lifted the boil-water order. Then it was back to normal operations. The company hoped to catch up fully by the end of October.
DJ's compensated all employees for lost time and still is giving them guidance on available assistance programs. As of mid-October, most are still awaiting visits from FEMA.
It took a while for some in the company's customer base — mainly Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana — to contemplate the supply chain disruption that Harvey caused. Distributors continued to sell the product in the pipeline — retailers, restaurants, c-stores, etc. — while DJ's ceased production. So when the plant went back online, some customers were taken aback by the shortage of product. That's where Harrington's email diplomacy came in handy.
With time has come more understanding. That goes for both DJ's customers and the company's management.
Keep a strong balance sheet, Harrington advises, something that would prove to help his company overcome the eight-day loss of business, which is not covered by "business interruption" insurance because there was no damage to the facility. Assume that anything can happen, even if it has never before happened, and plan for it. Like many businesses and households along the Gulf Coast, DJ's had the generator covered, but will be better prepared with extra water next time.
"From now on, we have a plan in place so that we know who to call to bring in a potable water tank and be able to do that in less than 24 hours," Harrington says.
Meanwhile, he is still trying to make sense of how he escaped the devastation, professionally and personally, something that couldn't be said for so many others. Sticking in his head is the tragic story from that area in which Collette Sulcer, a 41-year-old nurse, was found drowned with her 3-year-old daughter, Jordyn Grace, surviving by clinging to her mother's floating body.
But through it all, the struggle to keep a business afloat, the narrow escapes and the damage control, Harrington's lasting impression overall is the power of humanity. He's proud of Southeast Texas for showing how well people can unite and respond to a natural disaster.
In the evenings, the two families taking refuge with Harrington's gather around his large dining room table to eat. Along with the food, they share stories and keep each other abreast of their loved ones' statuses. He's come to love this ritual.
"It's almost like healing," he says.